
All About Fitness
412 episodes — Page 6 of 9

Dr. John Berardi - The Science Behind Precision Nutrition
Exercise is only one component of a healthy lifestyle; proper nutrition and fuel is essential if you want to maximize the outcomes of a fitness program. There is so much information, and misinformation, about nutrition that it can be a challenge to identify the best strategy for your specific needs. John Berardi, PhD started Precision Nutrition in an effort to provide no nonsense nutrition coaching to the fitness industry. PN provides nutrition education programs for fitness professionals while also offerin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sadie Nardini - Yogi, Punk Rocker, Creative
Just like painting a portrait or choreographing a dance, designing workouts could be considered a form of art; all of the components should flow together in a sequence that tells a story. Although she is widely known for curating her online community the Fit & Fierce Club, Sadie Nardini could be considered a creative artist for her ability to design unique and challenging workouts as well as her gift at communicating visually through the power of social media. On this episode of All About Fitness, Sadie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Quick Fit Tip - Nutrition
Diet is a four-letter word; if you still use it, you should seriously consider removing it from your vocabulary. Diet refers to a short-term approach to nutrition; if you want long-term health then it's important to start thinking about an eating plan or a nutrition strategy as opposed to a mere diet. On this Quick Fit Tip - you will learn an easy approach to nutrition that you can put into action immediately! To learn All About Fitness - join me and many guests of the All About Fitness podcast at the IDEA Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Len Kravitz - The Science of HIIT
Over the past thirty years if you have taken a group fitness class or worked with a personal trainer then you have already been influenced by Dr. Len Kravitz. Dr. Kravitz is the Program Coordinator for the Department of Exercise Science at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque; in addition, he has spent numerous decades traveling the world to teach the science of exercise to personal trainers and group fitness instructors at conferences and fitness industry education events. Dr. Kravitz is a hands-on Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sonja Friend-Uhl - Runner. International Champion. World Record Holder. Mother.
Age is no reason to slow down or stop your favorite activities. The only thing that should change as we get older is that we should focus on exercising smarter, NOT harder. To make this point and to celebrate the most important person in each of our lives, this special episode of All About Fitness features an interview with Sonja Friend-Uhl, the oldest American woman to break the 5 minute mile barrier, the recent winner of the 45-49yo Women's 800m at the International Indoor World Track Championships in Pol Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Quick Fit Tip - High Intensity Interval Training
High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is currently one of the most popular modes of exercise because from muscle building to fat burning it can deliver the results that people want. However, like all things in life, a little HIIT is great for us, but too much, well, that's another story. This QFT about HIIT addresses what you need to know before your next workout. FOLLOW THIS LINK to listen to researcher Dr. Martin Gibala talk about the benefits of HIIT on a previous episode of All About Fitness Hormones Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Todd Durkin - Inspiring Greatness Everyday
How you do anything is how you do everything. Take a look at ANY successful person, from professional athletes to actors to CEOs to politicians when it comes to the people who reach the upper tiers of their respective field, there is one common denominator - hard work. Success does not happen by accident, it is earned through hours of hard work and dedication to the pursuit of getting better and if you want success in your life then look no further than this episode of All About Fitness with strength coach Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jill Coleman - Mindset, body and business
Once upon a time, if you wanted to be a personal trainer you had to spend hours toiling in the physical location of a health club or studio to help your clients change their lives. Now that it's 2019, grinding hours upon hours in a gym to make a living is close to going the way of the flip phone... there will be a few people that like holding on to tradition because they fear new technology (or just don't want to deal with it) but more and more trainers are leaving facilities and going online to recruit and Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Pete Holman
Inventor. Strength Coach. Physical Therapist. Tai Kwon Do athlete. International Speaker. Pete Holman, like many professionals working in the fitness industry, wears many hats from inventing killer exercise equipment like the Nautilus Glute Drive to teaching continuing education workshops at fitness conferences around the world. On this episode of All About Fitness, Pete shares his motivation for inventing exercise equipment along with his passion for helping people understand how the human body really func Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sue Hitzmann - The Role of Fascia in Your Body
When muscles contract they produce the forces that move the body; fascia is the connective that transmits and distributes those forces to help the body move. Fascia is an integral component of how your body moves, yet it is often overlooked in traditional exercise programs and could be the cause of the chronic pain or soreness you feel after a workout. No, this podcast is NOT becoming All About Fascia, but when you get the opportunity to speak with Sue Hitzmann, a founding member of the Fascia Research Soc Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 127 Thomas Myers
There are two parts of muscle - the individual fibers & the fascia, an elastic connective tissue, that surrounds every single fiber. The exercises that can help muscle fibers change their function and appearance are not necessarily the best ones for the fascia. On this episode of All About Fitness Tom shares what a sailboat can teach you about your body and the types of exercise you should be doing for the fascia that controls your every movement. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adcho Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 91 Chuck Wolf
On this episode of All About Fitness, Chuck Wolf, international fitness educator, author and founder of Human Motion Associates shares his insights into functional training and how exercise can be used to help you to not only look better but move better too! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rodney Corn
Legs. Chest. Back. Arms. Core. Fascia. Emotions. What? Yes, most exercise programs will focus on specific muscles or parts of the body, but when was the last time you walked into a gym to strengthen your fascia or train your emotions? The truth is that our bodies are complex organisms containing numerous systems (digestive, nervous, muscular) each one affected by exercise. Your fascia is the elastic tissue that surrounds every single muscle fiber; muscles generate force and fascia transmits that force t Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Quick Fit Tip: Train Movement Patterns, Not Muscle Groups
What do top strength coaches, personal trainers and performance specialists have in common? They design exercise programs based on movement patterns, NOT isolated muscle groups. The human body is design to move, this Quick Fit Tip explains what that means for the type of exercises you should be doing in your workouts. For more information, pick up a copy of my book: Smarter Workouts: The Science of Exercise Made Simple listen to the previous episodes of All About Fitness (FREE) Thomas Myers - author of Ana Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amber Dodzweit Riposta
Strength is a word often associated with our muscles; however, EVERY part of your body - especially the muscle between your ears - can benefit from a well designed strength training program. Amber Dodzweit Riposta, a fitness coach and trainer based out of South Florida, stops by All About Fitness to share her motivation for why she exercises, discuss the coach that helped influence her path to fitness and how strength training can benefit much more than just your muscles. This episode will definitely help y Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Quick Fit Tip: How to Become a Certified Fitness Professional
You like to sweat, you love to workout, you look forward to going to the gym more than your job and you think you would like to work in the fitness industry but have no idea how to make that happen... On this Quick Fit Tip you will hear how your host got his start in the fitness industry and how you can do the same. Earning a credential so that you can teach a couple of classes or train a couple of clients is THE PERFECT side hustle, one that pays better sitting in traffic schlepping people around in your p Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Cedric Bryant
Exercise is good for your health. That may not be ground-breaking news for many of us, but the fact remains that from the US government to your health insurance provider, many organizations and institutions now recognize exercise and regular physical activity as an integral component for maintaining optimal health. Dr. Cedric Bryant is the President and Chief Science Officer of the American Council on Exercise (ACE) and has played an instrumental role in helping promote the benefits of exercise and physica Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

All About the 2019 Health Club Industry Trade Show, part II
Episode 144 featured a number of interviews with top fitness experts from the floor of the 2019 International Health and Racquet Sportsclub Association (IHRSA, pronounced Ur-sah) - the trade show for health club owners, operators and managers. On this brief Quick Fitness Tip, there is one more interview with Jesse Ohliger, a former NFL player who created the Breath Belt, a unique feedback tool that can help you breathe more effectively which is essential for doing almost everything movement-related more ef Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

All About the 2019 Health Club Industry Trade Show
IHRSA (pronounced Ur-sah) stands for the International Health and Racquet Sportsclub Association and is the trade association for the health club industry both in the US and around the world. The IHRSA conference and trade show takes place every March and is where health club owners and operators learn what they need to know about fitness facility operations and management which can include everything from vendors who provide soap and paper towels to companies like Les Mills which provide the group fitness Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. John Krakauer
There are specific stages of motor learning for human development including rolling over, crawling, walking and climbing; movement is inherent in our nature, it is what our bodies are designed to do. Anytime you learn a new exercise, try a new dance step or play a new sport you are developing new motor skills and there is a specific learning process. Dr. John Krakauer is the John C. Malone Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Johns Hopkins University; it is his jo Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Mark Mastalir and Zach Schonbrun
This is a long but fascinating episode that takes a deep dive into how technology is influencing human movement. Mark Mastalir is the CMO for Halo Neuroscience - a technology that is literally influencing how the brain works. Zach Schonbrun is a writer who covers the business of sports and the author of the Performance Cortex which explains how science is changing the way that athletes train and compete. This special two-interview episode begins with Mastalir explaining how Halo is using a technology called Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Fitness Roundtable: Trends in 2019 and beyond
Recently while in NYC to speak at a fitness event I was able to put together an all-star lineup of fitness experts to talk about current trends and how we'll be doing fitness differently in the coming years. This Roundtable includes: Irene McCormick - the 2018 IDEA Fitness Instructor of the Year and a Coach at OrangeTheory Fitness, one of the hottest, most popular fitness studio concepts in the past few years; Tricia Madden - one of the co-creators of the Barre Above program and an expert on identifying tre Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 140 Ryan Glatt
The brain is one of the most powerful organs in the human body, yet how often does one walk through the door of a health club thinking, "today is the day I train my brain?" Yes, we are all well aware of the benefits of exercise for our muscles and heart, however exercise also provides numerous benefits for the most important muscle in our body - the brain. This is the second appearance by Ryan Glatt, the founder of Somatiq and a Brain Health Expert at the Pacific Neuroscience Institute where he uses exercis Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 139 Chris Frankel
Technology doesn't just mean computer chips and nanobytes, anything that enhances human performance could be considered technology. The TRX Suspension Trainer is an excellent example of one type of technology - it's not complicated but it does an effective job of challenging the body to work harder. iPhones, fitness trackers and even algorithms that can push forward or predict the workouts you should be doing based on what you have been doing are all examples of different types of technology which is why Ch Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 138 Bryan K O'Rourke
Technology disrupts industries. Netflix eliminated Blockbuster - now instead of driving somewhere to argue about what to watch before falling asleep in front of the TV, we can do it from the comfort of our homes. From scheduling and paying for fitness classes via an app to fitness trackers and wearable technology that provide data on your exercise efforts to cardio equipment with integrated TVs to the social media platforms that allow you to take sweaty selfies after you’re done exercising, technology is Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 137 Quick Fit Tip: Technology
We were each born with the perfect piece of fitness equipment - the human body which itself is capable of moving in a myriad of directions at a variety of different speeds. Technology can be defined as a manner of accomplishing a task using special processes, methods or knowledge; from an iron dumbbell to an iPad, any time we use a pick up or use exercise equipment we are using a piece of technology. Some technology promises to help us cuts pounds of fat while other technology is being developed that can li Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 136 Peter Twist
Mindset is everything. All successful individuals have at least one common trait: a positive mindset, expect good things and good things will happen. When a positive mindset is combined with creative thinking the result is a unique way of viewing the world that gives you the confidence to forge your own path which is exactly how Peter Twist approaches life, Peter is the founder of Twist Performance - high performance fitness studios, an international fitness educator and a former strength coach for the Vanc Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 135 Rick Richey and Aaron Drogoszewski
Exercise is physical stress applied to the body, it is only one road on the arduous journey to your goals. Yes, exercise is important, but too much could actually be bad for your health and keep you from reaching your goals. How your body recovers from the stresses of the workouts that you do can make a huge difference in the results from your efforts. The recovery part of your workout program could be that last road to the final destination of your fitness goals. That’s why fitness industry icons and vet Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 134 David Jack and Michael Piercy
There is an important mis-perception among fitness consumers: that the only reason to lift weights is to get big muscles. Nothing could be further from the truth. Exercise is important for maintaining good health and a high quality of life and strength training with weights is a critical component of exercise that delivers many benefits that make a long, healthy, enjoyable life possible. You may know that strength training should be a part of your overall workout program, but it can be difficult to know exa Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 133: Jen Widerstrom
The most powerful muscle in the human body is the brain, from sports to business to military operations, once the brain has 'switched on' and committed to a goal very little can derail it's success. On this episode of All About Fitness, Jen Widerstrom, a celebrity fitness coach and author of Diet Right for your Personality Type, shares how she has established the success-oriented mindset that has allowed her to achieve great accomplishments on the athletic field, in the weight room on television and, most i Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 132: Quick Fit Tip: Top Fitness Trends for the New Year
One of the most frequent topics of discussion during this time of year is about current fitness trends; it seems like people always want to know what is going to be 'new' and 'different' in fitness in the coming year? Has the perfect workout been created that can give us the body we want without having to do the actual work to earn it? Here's the truth: there is nothing new in fitness, the only thing that works is that - consistent, hard work. On this episode I talk about current trends and identifying how Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 131 2nd Annual Fit Gift Guide with Amanda Vogel
Giving the perfect gift can be a difficult challenge; it feels awesome to give a gift that can be used throughout the entire year. On this episode, fitness writer and professional product reviewer Amanda Vogel joins me to talk about the best gifts for the fit people in your life. Don't spend hours wandering the store or scrolling online and whatever you do, don't cop out by simply giving a gift card, the All About Fitness Gift Guide can help you find that perfect something for your special someone. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 130 Bryce Hastings,
Les Mills is a chain of health clubs in New Zealand that has changed how the world does group fitness. Les Mills was the first to realize there was a market for formatted group fitness classes that provide a consistent, effective, & FUN workout experience. On this episode of All About Fitness, Bryce Hastings, the Science Director for Les Mills, pulls back the curtain and shares how Les Mills designs the workouts and conducts the research that makes thousands of people around the world get sweaty every day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 129 Rick Richey & Aaron Drogo
This is the 1st EVER swapcast on AAF! Rick and Drogo, the hosts of the Omnia Fitness podcast, opened Recover - a studio in NYC focused on recovery from exercise & are educators for the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) where they teach human movement science to prospective fitness professionals. Our conversation ranges from discussing body image issues for fitness instructors to identifying the popular fitness personalities who may be complete frauds. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 128 Jamie Atlas
How many times have you worked out only because you feel guilty and want to 'punish' yourself with exercise? Having a healthy relationship with exercise means that you use it to enhance your quality of life & NOT as a punishment. After a brief hiatus, All About Fitness returns featuring a powerful interview with Jamie Atlas, a former professional basketball player-turned personal trainer, who will share insights on how to change your relationship with exercise & learn how to love your body in the process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 126 Quick Fit Tip - Your Fascia
On this Quick Fit Tip learn more about your fascia and the best types of exercise to strengthen your connective tissues so that you can improve your movement skill while reducing the risk of injury Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 124 Hannah Eden Returns
EOn AAF110 Hannah Eden, a popular fitness influencer on Instagram and a founder of the Pump Fit Club in South Florida, shared how the loss of a close friend motivated her to join the fight to F*** cancer. On this episode of All About Fitness, Hannah returns to talk about the experience running the Ring Road of Iceland to raise money to fight cancer and how she stay motivated to focus on her goal of completing the journey even when her body was screaming at her to stop. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 123 Todd Wright
On this episode of All About Fitness, Todd Wright, the Head Strength and Conditioning Coach of the Philadelphia 76ers NBA team, shares how he helps his athletes get in top physical shape and prepare off the court to help the team beat the competition. Coach Wright's insights can help you to identify the most effective way to get in shape and stay game-ready for your favorite sport or recreational activity; if it's good enough to help one of Coach Wright's players, it's good enough to help you be your best! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF Special Edition - The Fitness Roundtable
EA new feature of AAF - The Fitness Roundtable; do you want to know what top fitness professionals talk about when we get together? Would you like to hear insights from the top fitness educators who train the trainers? This episode of The Fitness Roundtable was recorded at the SCW Mania Fitness Conference in Dallas with Amy Dixon, Doris Thews, Marc Coronel and Brandon Wagner. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 121 Alex Isaly
One definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over yet expecting different results which is a perfect description for how many people approach fitness. Pushing yourself to try a new physical challenge is one way to break out of a routine with an exercise program that can deliver results. On this episode of All About Fitness guest Alex Isaly talks about his recent participation in the Race Across America (RAAM) and how training for endurance events can help you push past your physical limits. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 120 Gerren Liles
There are a number of different ways to exercise; some people (like your humble host) are pretty mainstream and straight-forward - just find something relatively heavy and lift it, while others, like this episode's guest, fitness instructor Gerren Liles, are extremely creative and come up with cool and unique ways to sequence a variety of moves together into a single exercise. On this episode, Gerren shares how he made the transition from teaching kids to making adults sweaty. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 119 Quick Fit Tip
This Quick Fit Tip provides some insights on what's going on behind the scenes for All About Fitness - some great stuff; in addition learn how you can start a career in fitness (if I did it, you can too)! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 118 Dr. Stuart McGill returns
Dr. Stuart McGill is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Waterloo where he spent the majority of his thirty-two year career studying the biomechanics of the spine including identifying specific mechanisms of back pain along with the the best exercises to return to optimal function. In short, Dr. McGill's research has helped numerous people eliminate back pain including Brian Carroll, a powerlifter who experienced a serious back injury that almost ended his career. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 117 Coach Mike Boyle returns
Coach Mike Boyle owns Mike Boyle Strength and Conditioning outside of Boston, MA and is well known for changing his mind or adjusting his coaching techniques when he realizes that he could be doing something in a different, better, more efficient way. On this episode, Coach Boyle provides insights into how he stays on top of the constantly evolving field of exercise science and how he has adjusted his approach to programming over the course of his career. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 116 Alex Hutchinson
On this episode author Alex Hutchinson talks about his new book: Endure: Body, Mind and the Curiously Elastic Limits of Human Performance and how the Nike Sports Science lab is studying how to shatter existing limits of what the human body can achieve. Alex shares his story of being an elite runner on the Canadian National Team to earning a PhD in physics to becoming the Sweat Science columnist for Outside Magazine; we talk about how to achieve the highest level of performance from your body. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 115 Lashaun Dale
Lashaun Dale is one of the most influential thought leaders in the fitness industry; she shares her thoughts on how the fitness landscape will change over the coming years. Lashaun has helped conceive, create and launch a number of popular fitness programs and is currently the VP of Content for 24Hour Fitness. Our conversation covers some of the recent trends, what makes them successful and our thoughts on what will be making us sweat for the foreseeable future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 114 Dr. Natalia Petrzela
The fitness culture is still relatively young; health clubs have only been a part of mainstream society for the past forty-or-so years. The early days of fitness were heavily influenced by the Gay (now LGBTQ) community. In response to a recent flap about Pride month and Crossfit, Dr. Natalia Petrzela, a Professor of History and a host of the Past Present podcast, wrote this column about the evolution of fitness culture and the role that LGBTQ individuals played in that process. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 113 Ryan Glatt
What are the most important benefits from exercise? Is it burning calories and sculpting muscles so that you look better? Is it enhancing your performance so that you can play your favorite sports better? How about the fact that regular exercise can improve your health to reduce the risk of developing a dangerous disease? Yes, these are all important benefits from exercise but probably THE MOST important benefit is that exercise can help strengthen your brain. That's right, exercise can not only strengthen your muscles but when done the right way it can improve your cognitive function to help you become smarter. Ryan Glatt, the founder of SomatIQ is a specialist in Brain Health Coaching, the ability to use exercise to improve how your brain functions. On this episode of All About Fitness, Ryan talks about the research that suggests how exercise can help improve all aspects of cognitive performance and shares some simple strategies for what you can start doing to train your brain. To learn more about Ryan and to read his blog with numerous tips about what you can do to improve the health of your brain Visit Ryan's blog and personal website HERE to learn numerous tips about what Follow Ryan on Instagram to see some of his cool hacks for training your brain: @glatt.somatiq To learn specific techniques for exercising the most important muscle in your body, the brain, visit SMARTfit Please visit the sponsors of All About Fitness:Hyperwear - the Makers of Sandbells, Softbells and the ‘World’s Best’ Weight Vest- use code AAF10 to save 10% on the purchase of any Hyerwear fitness product Want to see Sandbells in action? Follow THIS LINK(note, filmed long before Hyperwear became a sponsor) Terra Core - Better results from better products!Use code AAF to save 20% on the purchase of a Terra Core FOLLOW THIS LINK to see the Terra Core in action www.petemccallfitness.com [email protected] Instagram: @PeteMcCall_fitness Twitter: @PeteMc_fitness Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 112: Quick Fit Tip
It's time to rethink the old stereotype of the dumb, brain-dead weightlifting enthusiast. A plethora (hat tip to SAT prep) of research suggests that exercise, especially of the high intensity variety, can help promote the growth of new brain cells via BDNF. On this Quick Fit Tip episode I talk about how exercise can help make you smarter and reduce the risk of the cognitive decline that can often accompany aging. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

AAF 111 Dan Staton
EOrganic, farm-to-table foods are important sources of nutrition that can greatly enhance your quality of life. No food source is more organic than a wild animal. Dan Staton is a conditioning coach, personal trainer, fitness studio owner and bow hunter who writes a blog and hosts a podcast called Elk Shape; on this episode of All About Fitness Dan shares his insights on the hunting culture as well as discussing the level of fitness it takes to track a quarter-ton animal and harvest the meat. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices