The History of Egypt Podcast

Private Worship and Images in New Kingdom Egypt. 00:00 - 32:00 18th Dynasty (see episode 101b). 32:00 - 90:00 Private Worship and Images in New Kingdom Egypt. Check out Campbell's new book Pocket Museum: Ancient Egypt, available at all good retailers (Amazon Affiliate Link) Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Additional Music by Derek and Brandon Feichter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Man Who Became a God. In this episode we look at the divine statues of Amunhotep son of Hapu(c.1370 BCE) and how they helped him become a god. With me for this episode is Dr. Campbell Price, Curator of Egypt and Sudan at the Manchester Museum, University of Manchester. Dr. Price is an expert on non-royal statues and religion and he generously agreed to discuss these topics with me. The result was a wonderful interview, that I think you'll really enjoy! Chapter Times: 00:00 Prologue, 02:47 Episode Intro, 04:00 Amuhotep Son of Hapu as a god, 08:00 Pilgrims to Amunhotep Hapu's statues, 14:45 Campbell Price Interview (Part 1), 27:07 Campbell Price Interview (Part 2), 47:40 Summary and Conclusion, 49:07 Epilogue. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Sistrum by Hathor Systrum www.hathorsystrum.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Success After Fifty. In 1470 BCE, King Amunhotep III's closest advisor was already eighty years old. The scribe, overseer and wise man Amunhotep Son of Hapu achieved prominence quite late in life, but he did not waste the opportunity. From a small town in the Delta, to the vast construction sites of Thebes, a royal scribe went to work for his pharaoh, and gained immortality... Chapter Times: Intro. Amunhotep's Statues 02:25. Early life 05:40. Rise to Prominence 11:25. The Colossi of Memnon 15:13. King's Counsellor 19:55. The Sed Festival 24:08. Conclusion 30:45. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Sistrum by Hathor Systrum www.hathorsystrum.com/. Select bibliography: Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014 (Amazon). Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. David O’Connor and Eric Cline (eds.) Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 2001. Eleanor B. Simmance, “Amenhotep Son of Hapu: Self-Presentation Through Statues and Their Texts in Pursuit of Semi-Divine Intermediary Status,” Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Birmingham 2014 (Online). Alexandre Varille, Inscriptions concernant l’architecte Amenhotep, fils de Hapon, 1968. Clement Robichon and Alexandre Varille, Le temple du scribe royal Amenhotep, fils de Hapou. 1936 (Archive.org). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Father Begs His Son to Return Home. Late in the New Kingdom (c.1250 BCE), an Egyptian father wrote a letter to his son. The son had gone to sea, sailing on a ship; he had not sent any word of his wellbeing. Worried, the father writes a letter, begging his son to return home. The letter is possibly based off real events, for it involves people who were genuine figures in their community. The father, Menna, and the son Pay-Iry were inhabitants of the village of Deir el-Medina (Set-Ma'at, the Place of Truth). They lived around 1250 BCE, approximately, and this may be a record of their real relationship. Translations by John L. Foster, Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology (Amazon) Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Twitter: @EgyptianPodcast Instagram: @EgyptPodcast Facebook: @EgyptPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A former pupil goes off the rails and gets lost in drink; his teacher tries to bring him back. After completing his education, a young scribe might take a job in a temple, government office, or work team. But this time, the student went off into some wayward behaviours. Writing a stern letter, a schoolmaster tries to bring his former pupil back to sobriety and good living. Translations by John L. Foster, Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology (Amazon) Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Twitter: @EgyptianPodcast Instagram: @EgyptPodcast Facebook: @EgyptPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

To celebrate 100 episodes, I took your questions on all things ancient Egypt. Pictures on topics (particularly Egyptian revival architecture of the 1800s) at the website www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com If you didn't hear your question, I have sent out written responses. Some questions covered material already in the show, or on topics that don't have enough evidence to discuss in detail. Thanks for submitting! Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Princess Becomes Queen, a Prince Becomes Heir. In 1370 BCE, the same year as the Sed-Festival, pharaoh Amunhotep III made two interesting decisions. He made his eldest daughter his wife, and named his eldest (surviving) son as heir to the throne. In a short side-episode, we explore these events and their significance... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select bibliography: Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Aidan Dodson, “On the Alleged “Amenhotep III/IV Coregency” Graffito at Meidum,” Göttinger Miszellen, 2009. Peter F. Dorman, “The Long Coregency Revisited: Architectural and Iconographic Conundra in the Tomb of Kheruef,” Causing His Name To Live Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, 2009. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. William J. Murnane, Ancient Egyptian Coregencies, 1977. David O’Connor and Eric Cline (eds.) Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 2001. Lana Troy, Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History, 1986. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 10): The Sed Festival, As Told by Kheruef Who Witnessed It. In regnal year 30, Amunhotep III celebrated the first of his sed-festivals. This was a spectacular event, with a number of rituals and performances celebrating the King's reign, and renewing his authority on earth. Some of these rites were truly arcane, hearkening back to the very earliest days of the Egyptian kingdom. In this special episode, we explore the festival from beginning to end as it is recorded in the tomb of Kheruef, a royal official who witnessed the celebration... Episode divided into four chapters: Chapter One at 03:28 Chapter Two at 20:44 Chapter Three at 33:20 Chapter Four at 52:20 Epilogue at 1:06:14 Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Music by Jeffrey Goodman www.jeffreygoodmanmusic.com/ Music by Derek and Brandon Feichter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Select Bibliography: C.J. Bleeker, Egyptian Festivals, 1968 (Google Books). Epigraphic Survey, The Tomb of Kheruef: Theban Tomb 192, 1980 (Oriental Institute). Eric Cline and David O’Connor, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1998 (Amazon). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014 (Amazon). Henri Frankfort, Kingship and Ritual, 1978 (Oriental Institute). Erik Hornung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: the One and the Many, 1996 (Amazon). Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012 (Amazon). Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. Donald B. Redford, Akhenaten: The Heretic King, 1984 (Amazon). Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Music by Jeffrey Goodman www.jeffreygoodmanmusic.com/ Music by Derek and Brandon Feichter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 9): The Dark Years. Between 1380 and 1370 BCE, Egypt may have suffered an outbreak of disease. In this decade, at least four royal family members died, and the political situation was irrevocably changed. It wasn't all bad, though: around 1380, Queen Tiy went through the difficulties of childbirth and offered a new son to the lineage... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: James P. Allen, The Art of Medicine in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Anne Austin, “Contending with illness in ancient Egypt: A textual and osteological study of health care at Deir el-Medina,” unpublished PhD Thesis (2014) (online) Eric Cline and David O’Connor, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1998 (Amazon). Theodore M. Davis The Tomb of Iouiya and Touiyou, 2000 (reprint). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014 (Amazon). Aidan Dodson, “Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1990). Hans Goedicke, “The Canaanite Illness,” Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (1984). Erik Hornung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: the One and the Many, 1996 (Amazon). Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012 (Amazon). Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. Kathleen Kuckens, “The Children of Amarna: Disease and Famine in the Time of Akhenaten,” unpublished MA Thesis ( (online) Eva Panagiotakopulu, “Pharaonic Egypt and the Origins of Plague,” Journal of Biogeography (2004). James Quibell, The Tomb of Yuaa and Thuiu, 1908 (archive.org). Donald B. Redford, Akhenaten: The Heretic King, 1984 (Amazon). Josef Wegner, “Tradition and Innovation: the Middle Kingdom,” Egyptian Archaeology, 2010. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Royal Children On the Rise. From 1385 to 1380, the prince of Egypt Thutmose was climbing up the ranks. From a lowly sem-priest to the chief of a great temple, Thutmose was a quickly rising star. His sister, Sit-Amun, also leaves a tantalizing trace of her life. We explore a non-royal funeral, the cult of the Apis Bull, and see how a prince of Egypt left some wonderful personal records, including those of his pet. Part of this episode was revised & re-recorded in 2026. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com, used with artist's permission. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Kate Bosse-Griffiths, “The Memphite Stela of Merptah and Ptahmose,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1955). Katherine Griffis-Greenberg, The Coffin of the She-Cat of the Crown Prince Thutmose (2006) online. Eric Cline and David O’Connor, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1998. Theodore M. Davis The Tomb of Iouiya and Touiyou, 2000 (reprint). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Aidan Dodson, “Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1990). Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. Donald B. Redford, Akhenaten: The Heretic King, 1984. James Quibell, The Tomb of Yuaa and Thuiu, 1908 (archive.org). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

An interview with composer Jeffrey Goodman.Jeff Goodman has composed some wonderful pieces evoking the world of ancient Egypt. Taking inspiration from mythology, art and literature, he crafts lovely songs with a focus on authenticity in instrumentation. As part of the larger investigation of music, I invited him onto the show for a discussion about composition, ancient musicality, and how to evoke the past when we have no written notation left. This is the first time I've interviewed someone; it was an interesting experience! Jeffrey Goodman's website https://www.jeffreygoodmanmusic.com/tears-of-isis/ Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Leibovitch, “The Statuette of an Egyptian Harper and String-Instruments in Egyptian Statuary,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1960). Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2006. Miriam Lichtheim, “The Songs of the Harpers,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1945). Lise Manniche, Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt, 1992. William Kelly Simpson, The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Edward F. Wente, “Egyptian “Make Merry” Songs Reconsidered” Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1962). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Instruments, Musicians, and Songs. In this mini episode, we explore the traces of ancient Egyptian songs and music. Although the melodies and rhythms are lost, we still have lyrics, instruments and artwork detailing some of these arts. From this, we can understand how certain instruments were played, and what different artists tried to achieve. Plus, modern reconstructions can give us a hint at the soundscape of ancient Egypt. Musical Interludes (by permission): Flute: Erik the Flutemaker (Youtube) (Website) Sistrum: Tahya of HathorSystrum (Youtube) (Website) Harp: Michael Levy (Website) Prayer: Michael Atherton (Website) Drums: Jeffrey Goodman (Youtube) (Website) This is Part One; a second part (including an interview with composer Jeffrey Goodman) will follow soon. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Leibovitch, “The Statuette of an Egyptian Harper and String-Instruments in Egyptian Statuary,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1960). Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2006. Miriam Lichtheim, “The Songs of the Harpers,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1945). Lise Manniche, Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt, 1992. William Kelly Simpson, The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Edward F. Wente, “Egyptian “Make Merry” Songs Reconsidered” Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1962). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Queen Tiy's Lucky Family. The family of Queen Tiy came from an interesting place, and led a fascinating life. Her mother and father - Tjuyu and Yuya - and her brother Anen enjoyed great privileges thanks to their family connections. In life, and in death, they left an enduring legacy... Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Eric Cline and David O’Connor, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1998. Theodore M. Davis The Tomb of Iouiya and Touiyou, 2000 (reprint). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Arielle P. Kozloff and Betsy M. Bryan, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. Donald B. Redford, Akhenaten: The Heretic King, 1984. James Quibell, The Tomb of Yuaa and Thuiu, 1908 (archive.org). G. Elliot Smith, Egyptian Mummies, 1924. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 8): Hunting, Wedding, Building. From 1392 to 1390 BCE, Amunhotep III experienced an interesting few years. He hunted his 100th lion, and welcomed a new bride to his court. The princess Gilu-khepa came from Mitanni, for a diplomatic marriage to the king. Then, Amunhotep commissioned an artificial lake, built for the glory of his main wife, Tiy. Interesting times, all round... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Check out The History of Vikings podcast at www.thehistoryofvikings.com/ Get 25% off your first three months at Online Great Books, by visiting http://onlinegreatbooks.com/egy and entering the discount code EGY (Advertisement at the end of the episode). Select Bibliography: Daphna Ben-Tor, “Egyptian-Canaanite Relations in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages as Reflected by Scarabs,” Egypt, Canaan and Israel:History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature, 2011. C. Blankenberg-van Delden, The Large Commemorative Scarabs of Amenhotep III, 1969. Peter A. Clayton, “Some More ‘Fierce Lions’, and a ‘Marriage’ Scarab: The Large Commemorative Scarabs of Amenophis III,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 1996. David O’Connor & Eric Cline, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1997. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Orly Goldwasser, “A ‘Kirgipa’ Commemorative Scarab of Amenhotep III from Beit-Shean,” Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant, 2002. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Volume II: The New Kingdom, 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Three Poems of Love from 18th Dynasty Egypt. Around 1400 BCE, scribes and composers put together delightful works exploring themes of love, longing, lust and courtship. They told tales from both male and female perspectives, describing the emotions and sensations of their desires and affections. In this mini episode, we explore three short poems. Translations by John L. Foster, Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology (Amazon) Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Twitter: @EgyptianPodcast Instagram: @EgyptPodcast Facebook: @EgyptPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 7): Everything Bigger Than Everything Else. For 2000+ years, the Colossi of Memnon have dazzled visitors to Thebes. What are the statues doing there? In this episode, we explore the lost Mortuary Temple of Amunhotep III, in particular the immense statues which are his enduring legacy. From the work of Egyptian builders to the heroes of Greek myth, the Colossi of Memnon have a unique and unusual story... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Harp Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Check out The History of Vikings at http://thehistoryofvikings.com/episodes/ Select Bibliography: Dieter Arnold, The Monuments of Egypt, 2009. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Volume II: The New Kingdom, 2006. Hourig Sourouzian et al., “Conservation work at the temple of Amenhotep III at Thebes, by The Colossi of Memnon and Amenhotep III Temple Conservation Project,” 2016 (Online). Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt, 2000. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 6): City of a Hundred Pylons. In 1397 BCE, King Amunhotep III began a massive series of building projects in Thebes. At Karnak, Luxor Temple, and the new "Maru" viewing place, the King inaugurated sanctuaries and gardens for the god Amun. We explore these monuments, and how they created a reputation that still resonated in the sagas of Greek myth... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Harp Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Check out Literature & History podcast at www.literatureandhistory.com Select Bibliography: Dieter Arnold, The Monuments of Egypt, 2009. Lanny Bell, “Luxor Temple and the Cult of the Royal Ka,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1985) David O’Connor & Eric Cline, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1997. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Volume II: The New Kingdom, 2006. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt, 2000. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Scribe yearns for a holiday, and goes in search of peace. Two texts, written between 1400 and 1300 BCE, tell of the exhausted scribe's yearning for a holiday. Sick of work, he struggles to focus on tasks, and finds his heart wandering off to more pleasant places. The city of Memphis, Men-nefer (or Ineb-Hedj) looms large in his fantasies. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Twitter: @EgyptianPodcast Instagram: @EgyptPodcast Facebook: @EgyptPodcast Translations by John L. Foster, Ancient Egyptian Literature: An Anthology (Amazon). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 5): Exploring the Southlands. In late 1397 BCE, King Amunhotep III took a band of warriors deep into Nubia (Sudan). They traversed deserts, explored hidden pools, and came to mysterious lands. It was a trip into strange new places... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Special music by Doug Metzger, of Literature and History podcast at www.literatureandhistory.com. Select bibliography: The Sudan Antiquities Service French Archaeological Unit website The Sudan Archaeological Research Society website Charles Bonnet, “Upper Nubia from 3000 to 1000 BC,” in W.V. Davies (editor), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, 1991. P.L. Shinnie, “Trade Routes of the Ancient Sudan 3,000 BC – AD 350,” in W.V. Davies (editor), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, 1991. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Stuart Tyson Smith, Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire, 2003. Lazlo Török, Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC – 500 AD, 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 4): Pharaoh's First War. At the start of regnal year 5 (around August 1397 BCE), Amunhotep III led his first and only military campaign. Responding to a revolt in Nubia, the King gathered an army and began an expedition. We follow the king on campaign, and explore a slightly unusual situation... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Additional Music by Jeff Goodman, discover more at https://www.jeffreygoodmanmusic.com/tears-of-isis Select Bibliography: Charles Bonnet, “Upper Nubia from 3000 to 1000 BC,” in W.V. Davies (editor), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, 1991. John C. Darnell and Colleen Manassa, Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest During Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty, 2007. P.L. Shinnie, “Trade Routes of the Ancient Sudan 3,000 BC – AD 350,” in W.V. Davies (editor), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from Prehistory to Islam, 1991. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2012. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Stuart Tyson Smith, Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire, 2003. Anthony J. Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Lazlo Török, Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC – 500 AD, 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Romance, Passion and Love...in Song Form! A look at New Kingdom love songs, as they survive. We see how the Egyptians felt and explored love, and encounter songs written from both the male and female perspective. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Renata Landgrafova, Sex and the Golden Goddess: Ancient Egyptian Love Songs in Context 2009. A.G. McDowell, Village Life in Ancient Egypt: Laundry Lists and Love Songs, 1999. William K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 3): Introducing Queen Tiye. In 1399 BCE, the pharaoh Amunhotep III married his first and most important wife: Tiye, Royal Wife, Great of Praises, Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt. Just twelve years old, the young queen would go on to be the most powerful woman in the world... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select bibliography: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. David O’Connor and Eric Cline (editors), Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1998. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 2): A Busy Start. From May 1400 to April 1399, King Amunhotep finished his first year (just 4 months long) and began his second. In this 12-month period, he began a flurry of new projects. From donations to Thoth, to a mighty hunt, the King set himself as a vigorous and dynamic youth. His mother, Mutemwia, helped drive much of this... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select bibliography: Lawrence Michael Berman, The Art of Amenhotep III, 1990. David O’Connor & Eric Cline, Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign, 1997. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Arielle P. Kozloff, Egypt’s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World, 1992. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Shin-Ichi Nishimoto, “Hieratic Inscriptions from the Quarry at Qurna: an interim Report,” British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (2002). British Museum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep III (Part 1): The Birth of a God. Amunhotep III (Neb-maat-Re) came to power in mid-1400 BCE. He was twelve-years old, but already he had spent years being groomed for power. Today we explore the birthing myth and the childhood of one of the greatest pharaohs in history. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Harp Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Select Bibliography: Hellmut Brunner, Die Geburt des Gottkönigs, 1964. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Charles Cornell van Siclen III, “The Accession Date of Amenhotep III and the Jubilee,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1973. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Nebi and the Guardians of the Sinai. Around 1414 BCE, a man and his comrades were marching into the unrelenting heat of the Sinai Peninsula. We follow Nebi of Tjaru and his men, as they undertake the grueling work of protecting Egypt's frontiers... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Map at https://i.imgur.com/ufZgO4U.jpg Select Bibliography: Gun Björkman, “Neby the Mayor of Tjaru,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1974. Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Andrea M. Gnirs, “Coping with the Army: the Military and the State in the New Kingdom,” in Ancient Egyptian Administration, 2013. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Queen of the Faiyum Oasis. Before she became queen of Egypt, the lady Tia'a spent her days at the royal harem of the Faiyum. This was a mysterious institution, devoted to serving queens, concubines and all the children of a pharaoh. We explore the Queen's background, the harem as an institution and the people who led the Faiyum's communities... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select bibliography: Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Eberhard Dziobek et al., Das Grab des Sobekhotep Theben Nr. 63, 1990. The Gurob Palace Project (Website). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Egyptian Religious Year (12/12): Birthdays of the Gods. The end of the year in ancient Egypt was a surprisingly unlucky time. With summer heat at unbearable levels, the Nile at its lowest ebb, and people suffering from physical or spiritual malaise, the final days of the religious year were not so happy. Fortunately, the ancients had some tools to ward off disaster. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza http://www.keithzizza.com/ Additional music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Select Bibliography: Tamas A. Bacs, “Two Calendars of Lucky and Unlucky Days,” Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, 1990. J.F. Borghouts, Ancient Egyptian Magical Texts, 1978. Peter Der Manuelian, “An Essay in Document Transmission: Nj-k-anx and the Earliest hriw-rnpt,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1986. Richard A. Parker, The Calendars of Ancient Egypt, 1950. Anthony Spalinger, “Some Remarks on the Epagomenal Days in Ancient Egypt,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1995. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose IV (Part 2): The Entire Reign at Once. For ten years, maybe more, Thutmose IV ruled Egypt. It was a successful reign and the treasures that emerge from this period are testament to a prosperous realm. The royal court is more visible than ever, with intriguing tales to tell... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select bibliography: Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Gun Björkman, “Neby, the Mayor of Tjaru in the Reign of Thutmosis IV,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1974. Howard Carter & Theodore M. Davis, The Tomb of Thoutmosis IV, 1904 & 2002. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Raphael Giveon, “Thutmose IV in Asia,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1969. Arielle P. Kozloff, Amenhotep III: Egypt’s Radiant Pharaoh, 2012. Nicholas Reeves & Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Valley of the Kings, 2010. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Temples of Ancient Egypt, 2017. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose IV (Part 1): Old Enemies Become New Friends. 1418 - 1416 BCE. The new pharaoh spends his first two years involved in political reprisals and military actions. He removes rivals, but also makes friends with some longstanding enemies... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Derek and Brandon Fiechter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Select Bibliography: Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. Raphael Giveon, “Thutmosis IV and Asia,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1969 (JSTOR). Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Two Princes Clash. In 1418 BCE, Egypt momentarily lacks a pharaoh. Two sons of the crown go head to head, in a duel to be the next ruler. Who wins? Only the Sphinx knows... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Hutan Ashrafian, “Familial epilepsy in the pharaohs of ancient Egypt’s eighteenth dynasty,” 2012. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. James E. Harris, “The Identification of the Eighteenth Dynasty Royal Mummies: A Biological Perspective,” 1991. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Ian Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000. J.J. Shirley, The Culture of Officialdom, 2005. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Parts 10-11): the Egyptian Day of the Dead. In the 10th month of the year, Egyptians celebrated the "Beautiful Festival of the Valley," a grand affair similar to today's Day of the Dead or Qingming celebrations. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Anthony J. Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Assassin's Creed Origins sees video-game players visiting ancient Egypt (c.50 BCE). From the desert oases to the city of Alexandria, the Faiyum to the Pyramids, you can now explore a fully-realised version of ancient Egypt. But how does the game play, and is it historical enough? Today I explore some of the history behind it, and what the game does right. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Brandon and Derek Fiechter https://dbfiechter.bandcamp.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 7): Remarkable Discoveries in a Royal Tomb. Around 1440 BCE, Egyptians were carving the burial monument of Amunhotep II in the Valley of the Kings. In 1898 CE, a group of excavators were uncovering the edifice once more. In a dual narrative, we explore the design, construction and discovery of a most remarkable tomb... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Select Bibliography: Erik Hornung, The Valley of the Kings, 1990. Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. C.N. Reeves, Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Valley of the Kings, 1996. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1989. Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies, 1912. Online Resources: Theban Mapping Project – Tomb of Amunhotep II Narmer.pl – The Royal Cache Egypt, Land of Eternity – The Royal Cache Theban Royal Mummy Project – The Mummies of Dynasty 18 Egyptian Monuments – Tomb of Amunhotep II Saint Louis University – The KV35 Cache Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 6): Finding an Heir. Around 1420 BCE, Amunhotep II comes to the end of his days. We explore his family life, what we know about the man himself, and try to get a handle on his legacy... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select bibliography: Alexandra von Lieven, “Mortuary Ritual in the Valley of the Kings,” in Richard H. Wilkinson and Kent R. Weeks, The Oxford Handbook of the Valley of the Kings, 2016. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Barbara A. Richter, “The Amduat and Its Relationship to the Architecture of Early 18th Dynasty Royal Burial Chambers,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (2008). G. Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies, 2000. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 5): How to Make Friends and Rule the Nile Valley. The pharaoh Amunhotep II has a reputation for cronyism: he put his childhood friends into positions of power, and removed trusted officials from office at a whim. Does he deserve this reputation? We go in search of an answer, exploring the lives of some noteworthy men who rose to prominence in this time... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. M. Eaton-Krauss, “The Fate of Sennefer and Senetnay at Karnak and in the Valley of the Kings,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 1999. JJ Shirley, “Crisis and Restructuring of the State: From the End of the Middle Kingdom to the Advent of the Ramesses,” in Ancient Egyptian Administration, 2013. JJ Shirley, The Culture of Officialdom: An examination of the acquisition of offices during the mid-18th Dynasty, PhD Thesis, 2005. Osiris.net – the Tomb of Sen-nefer (TT96). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Parts 8-9): Onions for Bastet. Months 8 and 9 were big on drinking and eating, with some strange rituals to go along with them. We meet Bastet (the cat) and Renen-utet (the snake), two goddesses who were friends to farmers. As the harvest season began, all looked towards the growth of the fields... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony J. Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in C.L.N. Ruggles (ed.) Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: A Royal Journey Through the Underworld Rulers of the 18th Dynasty decorated their tombs with lavish images of the underworld, which we know as the Duat. These scenes, and texts, reveal a complex story of Re's journey beneath the western horizon, through the nether, and ultimately into a cosmic re-birth. Along the way he crossed waters and deserts, faced demons and monsters, and even met with his own corpse... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. Erik Hornung, Texte zum Amduat, 1987. Erik Hornung, Valley of the Kings: Horizon of Eternity, 1990. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Ultimate Underworld Story. The Book of the Dead might be the most famous piece of writing from ancient Egypt. It is also one of the most misunderstood... Around 1420 BCE, a royal architect commissioned a book for his tomb. This text is one of the best preserved Books of the Dead from the mid-18th Dynasty. From its unrolled pages, we can explore the journey into the underworld, as experienced by a non-royal Egyptian. Note: This episode functions as an introduction to the Book of the Dead. As we move forward through the centuries, we will revisit the text to see new developments and additions. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Jeffrey Goodman www.shelterofclearlight.com/. Select Bibliography: Francoise Dunand and Christiane Zivie-Coche, Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE. Richard Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, 1985. Dennis C. Forbes, Tombs. Treasures. Mummies. Book Two: The Tombs of Maiherpri (KV36) & Kha & Merit (TT8), 2015. Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. Ernesto Schiaperelli, Relazione sui lavori della Missione Archeologica Italiana in Egitto (anni 1903-1920) (Volume 2): La tomba intatta dell’architetto “Cha” nella necropoli di Tebe, 1927. Available online via the University of Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.55349#0046 John H. Taylor, Journey Through the Afterlife: Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead, 2013. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. E. Vassilika, The Tomb of Kha, 2010. Toby Wilkinson, Writings from Ancient Egypt, 2016. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Parts 6-7): The False Summer. In the months of "Great Heat" and "Small Heat," Egyptians celebrated some very important festivals. Mid-winter had passed, and it was time to bring life back to the cosmos. Along the way, the Egyptians celebrated the gods Anubis, Amun-Re, and a deified Pharaoh... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. G.S. Hawkins, “Astronomical Alignments in Britan, Egypt and Peru,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1974. J. Norman Lockyer, “The Dawn of Astronomy,” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1894. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 4): Worshiping the Sphinx. Before he became king, Amunhotep II made a promise to embellish and restore monuments on the Giza Plateau. Once Pharaoh, he fulfilled his promise beautifully. As he did so, he introduced a new chapter in Egypt's religious history... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Selim Hassan, The Great Sphinx and Its Secrets, 1953. Stéphane Pasquali, “Baraize Excavations 1933 – 1934 at Giza,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 2009. William Kelly Simpson, “Reshep in Egypt,” Orientalia, 1960. Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 3): Slavery and the Bible. In 1435 BCE, King Amunhotep II led a devastating war in Syria. He took thousands of captives and transported them to Egypt by force. Once there, they became captive workers of the Egyptian elite. Was this the historical inspiration for the Biblical "Captivity"? We go in search of answers... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Osiris.net – Tomb of Nakht (website) Yohanan Aharoni, “Some Geographical Remarks Concerning the Geography of the Campaigns of Amenhotep II,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1960. Manfred Bietak, “Peru-Nefer: The Principle New Kingdom Naval Base,” Egyptian Archaeology, 2009. Edwin C.M. van den Brink, Tombs and Burial Customs at Tell el-Dab’a, 1982. Barbara Cummings, Egyptian Historical Records of the Later Eighteenth Dynasty, 1982. Norman de Garis Davies, The Tomb of Ken-Amun at Thebes, 1917. Norman de Garis Davies, The Tomb of Rekh-mi-Re at Thebes, 1944. James K. Hoffmeier, “Out of Egypt,” Ancient Israel and the Exodus, 2012. A. Lucas, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries, 4th Edition 1989. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, 2013. Google Books. Ellen Fowles Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism, 2005. Ellen Morris, “Mitanni Enslaved: Prisoners of War, Pride, and Productivity in a New Imperial Regime,” Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Paul T. Nicholson & Ian Shaw, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology, 2003. Google Books. William H. Peck, The Material World of Ancient Egypt, 2013. James B. Pritchard, “Syrians as Pictured in the Paintings of the Theban Tombs,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1951. Anson F. Rainey, “Whence Came the Israelites and Their Language?” Israel Exploration Journal, 2007. Anson F. Rainey, “Unruly Elements in Late Bronze Canaanite Society,” Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom 1995. Catharine A. Roehrig, Life Along the Nile: Three Egyptians of Ancient Thebes, 2002. J.J. Shirley, “Kenamun/Qenamun,” The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2013. William Kelly Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Barbara J. Sivertsen, The Parting of the Sea, 2009. Rachael Thyrza Sparks, “Canaan in Egypt: Archaeological Evidence for a Social Phenomenon,” Invention and Innovation: Social Context of Technological Change (2), 2004. B.G. Trigger et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983. William A. Ward, “The Shasu ‘Bedouin’: Notes on a Recent Publication,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 1972. William A. Ward, “Foreigners Living in the Village,” Pharaoh’s Workers: The Villagers of Deir el-Medina, 1994. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 2): The Pharaoh's Aide. In 1440 BCE, a servant of Pharaoh inscribed his tomb with a remarkable text detailing every aspect of his job. What was life like, for one of Egypt's most important officials? Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: G.P.F. van den Boorn, The Duties of the Vizier, 1988. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. B.G. Trigger et al., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 5): Worshipping Snakes and Cats. The fifth month was an interesting one, involving worship of snakes, and cats sailing down the Nile. Major gods of this month include Neheb-Kau, Bastet, Shesmet-et, Wadjet and Mut. We meet a few of these strange deities and see why snakes and cats went hand-in-hand... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “Ancient Egyptian Calendars,” in C.L.N. Ruggles (ed.), Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 2015. Alan W. Shorter, “The God Nehebkau,” The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1935). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep II (Part 1): The Sportsman King. From 1459 to 1440 BCE, the prince Amunhotep II enjoyed a privileged upbringing. Once he ascended to power, he displayed his prowess to all and sundry. From the battlefield to the sports field, Amunhotep set out to make his name... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. Betsy M. Bryan, The Reign of Thutmose IV, 1991. W. Vivian Davies, “The British Museum epigraphic survey at Tombos: the stela of Usersatet and Hekaemsasen,” British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan (2009). John Coleman Darnell, “The Stela of the Viceroy Usersatet (Boston MFA 25.632), his Shrine at Qasr Ibrim, and the Festival of Nubian Tribute under Amenhotep II,” ENiM (2014). Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 10): The End of a Mighty Reign. From 1450 to 1441, Thutmose lived out the last nine years of his reign. He commanded one last expedition; oversaw building projects, and brought his tomb to completion. Finally, he had to prepare for the succession, and his own inevitable death... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Correction: at 48:10, I refer to the date of Amunhotep II's co-regency as 1441. This should be 1444 BCE. Select Bibliography: Articles Anson F. Rainey, “Amenhotep II’s Campaign to Takshy,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (1973) JSTOR. Donald B. Redford, “The Coregency of Thutmosis III and Amenophis III,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1965) JSTOR. George A. Reisner, “The Viceroys of Nubia,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1920) JSTOR. Barbara A. Richter, “The Amduat and Its Relationship to the Architecture of Early 18th Dynasty Royal Burial Chambers,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (2008) JSTOR. Books Eric Cline & David O’Connor (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 1999. Peter der Manuelian, Studies in the Reign of Amenophis II, 1987. H.S. Smith & W. B. Emery, The Fortress of Buhen, 1971-1979. Richard H. Wilkinson & Kent R. Weeks (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of the Valley of the Kings, 2016. Richard H. Wilkinson & Nicholas Reeves, The Complete Valley of the Kings, 2008. Websites University College London – website SLU – website Bernard M. Adams “My Luxor” – website Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 4): Hathor and Osiris. In the fourth month of the year, the Egyptians celebrated the end of the Nile flood (Akhet). With grand ceremonies to Hathor, Osiris and the god Sokar, they brought the first season of the year to a close. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Stuart Tyson-Smith, “Raising the Djed-Pillar” (PDF) Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. University College London – Khoiak (Website) UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology – Sokar (Website) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 9): Home and Propaganda. From 1455-1450 BCE, Thutmose spent much of his time involved in domestic affairs. Unfortunately, this involved some very harsh policies towards his immediate predecessor... Update: Thutmose III probably reburied some of his immediate successors. In 2023, archaeologists may have found a tomb associated with one of these rulers. More information in the episode "News from the Field (2023 Review)" and on the website. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Eric H. Cline and David O’Connor (eds.), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Sue D’Auria, “The Princess Baketamun,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 69 (1983) (JSTOR). Vanessa Davies, “Hatshepsut’s Use of Thutmosis III in Her Program of Legitimation,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 41 (2004) (JSTOR). Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004. Aidan Dodson, “Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (199) (JSTOR). Aidan Dodson, “Thutmosis III: Family Man,” The Ostracon: The Journal of the Egyptian Study Society 15, 2004. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1992. Dimitri Laboury, “Portrait versus Ideal Image” – UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology (Website). Dimitri Laboury, “Royal Portrait and Ideology: Evolution and Signification of the Statuary of Thutmose III,” Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006 (Academia.edu). H. E. Winlock, “Notes on the Reburial of Thutmosis I,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 15 (1929) (JSTOR). Scott Woodward, “Geneaology of New Kingdom Pharaohs and Queens,” Archaeology 49 (1996) (JSTOR). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 8): The Final Campaigns. After 20+ years of near-annual campaigning, Thutmose III finally came to the end of his military career. We explore the last ten years of this process in one sweep: successes (and failures) abound... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Donald B. Redford, The Wars in Syria and Canaan of Thutmose III, 2003. Donald B. Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, 1992. Ellen Fowles Morris, The Architecture of Imperialism, 2005. Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Colleen Manassa, Imagining the Past: Historical Fiction in New Kingdom Egypt, 2013. James K. Hoffmeier, “Aspects of Egyptian Foreign Policy in the 18th Dynasty in Western Asia and Nubia,” Penn State 2001. Norman de Garis Davies, “Foreigners in the Tomb of Amenemhab (No. 85),” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 1934. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The religious year (Part 3): Worshipping Hathor. The month of Hathor saw a concentrated effort on renewing fertility energies in the natural world. Festivals to the male god of sexual energy, and the widow and sister of Osiris dominated the time. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Toby Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. UCL – Festival Dates (website) Ancient Egypt Online – The Calendar (website) The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys: Ancient.eu (website) Ancient Egyptian Literature (pdf) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 7): Diplomatic Marriage. After the brilliant campaign of year 33, Thutmose enjoys a period of peace and plenty. Foreign powers seek accommodation with the Egyptians, and this manifests in a series of remarkable diplomatic engagements... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Herbert Winlock, The Treasure of Three Egyptian Princesses (1948). Christine Lilyquist (ed), The Tomb of Three Foreign Wives of Thutmosis III (2003). Nora E. Scott, “Egyptian Jewelry,” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin (March 1964). Donald B. Redford, The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III (2003). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices