The History of Egypt Podcast

The Religious Year (Part 2): Worshipping Osiris. In the month of Pa-Opet ("Phaophi") the Egyptians continued their long re-enactment of the myth of Osiris. They also celebrated a huge festival in honour of the Pharaoh. And they mummifed a bunch of rams, for some reason... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: John Darnell, “Opet Festival,” UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, 2010 (Online) Richard Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “The Limitations of Formal Ancient Egyptian Religion,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1998 (JSTOR) UCL Website – Festival Dates of Ancient Egypt (Online) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Busy Lives at Thebes. Personal correspondence is an exciting find for Egyptologists. It's even more wonderful when the letters come together to form a cohesive group, all related to one person. Come meet Ahmose, a letter writer from ancient Egypt... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Edward F. Wente, Letters from Ancient Egypt, 1990. S.R.K. Glanville, “The Letters of Aahmose of Peniati,”Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 14 (1928) JSTOR T. Eric Peet, “Two Eighteenth Dynasty Letters,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 12 (1926) JSTOR Elizabeth Frood, “Social Structure and Daily Life,” in Toby Wilkinson (ed.) The Egyptian World 2010. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose III (Part 6): The Sed-Festival. Three years before the Mitanni Campaign (Episode 70), Thutmose celebrated his first jubilee. To do that, he needed a new monument, a few gods, and the ancient equivalent of a baseball bat... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: J.G. Griffiths, “The Costume and Insignia of the King in the Sed-Festival,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 1955 (JSTOR). E.P. Uphill, “A Joint Sed-Festival of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1961 (JSTOR). E.P. Uphill, “The Egyptian Sed-Festival Rites,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1965 (JSTOR). A. Spalinger, “A Remark on Renewal,” Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 1990 (JSTOR). A. Spalinger, “The Festival Structure of Thutmose III’s Buto Stele,” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 1996 (JSTOR). Lana Troy, “Religion and Cult during the Time of Thutmose III,” in Thutmose III: A New Biography 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Question: What does "Pharaoh" mean? A quick look at the word "Pharaoh:" what it means, how it came about, and why I very rarely use it in the Podcast (until now). Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Religious Year (Part 1): New Year. Welcome to a new series detailing the Egyptians' religious year, the major events and the gods they celebrated. Month number one was called "Tekh," and it heralded several important rituals. There were festivals of the Nile Flood (Hapi), festivals of the blessed dead (Wagy-and-Thoth), and the beginning of a multi-month re-enactment of the legends of the god Osiris. The Egyptians got up to all kinds of shenanigans... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Katherine Eaton, “Monthly Lunar Festivals in the Mortuary Realm,” 2011 (JSTOR). William C. Hayes, The Sceptre of Egypt, 1959. Antony Leahy, “The Osiris ‘Bed’ Reconsidered,” 1977 (JSTOR). William Kelly Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, “The Limitations of Formal Ancient Egyptian Religion,” 1998 (JSTOR). Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Thutmose's Greatest Campaign. In 1462 BCE, approximately, King Men-kheperu-Re Thutmose III led his most daring campaign. He travelled far from Egypt to attack the heartland of Egypt's enemy, the Mitanni. What followed was one of the standout moves in ancient military history... Date c.1462 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Donald B. Redford, Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III, 2003. Donald B. Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, 1992. Richard Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Betsy M. Bryan (editor), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Norman de Garis Davies, “Foreigners in the Tomb of Amenemhab,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 1934 (JSTOR). Bettina Bader, “Egypt and the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age: the Archaeological Evidence,” Oxford Handbooks Online, 2015. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Foreign Lands, Foreign Peoples. We take a break from the reign of Thutmose III to meet some of Egypt's neighbours. The people of Crete (Keftiu), Cyprus (Alashiya), and Byblos (Kupna / Gubla) made significant contributions to their world. We meet some of them. Oh, and there's a goofy poem at the end... Date. 1465 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Donald B. Redford, The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III, 2003. Donald B. Redford, Egypt, Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times, 1992. Yannis Galanakis, The Aegean World: A Guide to the Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenean Antiquities in the Ashmolean Museum, 2013. Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Shelley Wachsmann, Seagoing Ships and Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant, 2008 (Google Books). Eric H. Cline & David O’Connor, Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. H.R. Hall, “Keftiu and the Peoples of the Sea,” 1902 (JSTOR). J.B. Pritchard, “Syrians as Pictured in the Paintings of the Theban Tombs,” 1951 (JSTOR). M.H. Wiener, “Neo-Palatial Knossos: Rule and Role,” 2007 (malcolmweiner.net – ignore Google Warning, false flag). R. van Dijk, “Bull-Leaping in the Ancient Near East,” 2013 (Academia.edu). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Troy before Troy. In the reign of Thutmose III, the Egyptian general Djehuty led a siege at Joppa (Yappho / Yafa, in modern Tel Aviv). The enemy were resisting all attempts to break in. Until Djehuty had a cunning plan... Logo: A gold cupt belonging to the general Djehuty, from his tomb at Saqqara (Louvre). Date c. 1465 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com. Select Bibliography: Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005 William K. Simpson, The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003 Colleen Manassa, Imagining the Past: Historical Fiction in New Kingdom Egypt, 2013 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Submissions and Settlements. After his victory at Megiddo, King Thutmose III began to organise his new conquests. The lands of Canaan and Syria were transformed, as the Egyptians built a network of garrisons, supply depots, and fortresses. Step-by-step, they built their military capability and their empire... Date c.1470 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2004; Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994; Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009; Donald Redford, The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III, 2003; Eric Cline & David O’Connor (eds), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006; Manfred Bietak, “Peru-Nefer: The Principle New Kingdom Naval Base,” 2009; Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A royal drama. In this episode, we replay the "official account" of Thutmose III's great victory at Megiddo. Drawing on the King's own proclamations, and using the voices of some other podcasters, we bring the story to life... Date c.1473 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Dramatic readings provided by Elias Belhaddad (The History of Islam), Ben Jacobs (Wittenberg to Westphalia), Travis J Dow (History of Germany), Steve Guerra (History of the Papacy), Thomas Daly (American Biography), David Crowther (The History of England), Erik Fogg (ReConsider). Select Bibliography: Toby Wilkinson, Writings from Ancient Egypt, 2016 (text). Hans Goedicke, The Battle of Megiddo, 2000. Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol. 2. Donald B. Redford, The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III, 2003. Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Armageddon. Around 1473 BCE, Thutmose III faced a rebellion, when enemies in Canaan gathered to oppose him. The King of Egypt had a choice: destroy his foes, or risk losing the empire. Battle, chaos, and Monty Python ensued... Date c. 1473 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Hans Goedicke, The Battle of Megiddo, 2000. Toby Wilkinson, Writings from Ancient Egypt, 2016. Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Donald Redford, The Wars in Syria and Palestine of Thutmose III, 2003. Eric Cline & David O’Connor (eds), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hatshepsut's Last Years. After a long life and successful reign, Ma'at-Ka-Re Hatshepsut died. We wrap up her story, review her legacy, and review some standout events. Plus, we dig into the mystery of her tomb. Do we have Hatshepsut's mummy? There are many questions... Date c.1473 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would Be King, 2014. Peter F. Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, 1988. Richard A. Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Alan R. Schulman, “Some Remarks on the Alleged “Fall” of Senenmut,” JARCE 8 (1969). Filip Taterka, “Hatshepsut and Senenmut or the Secret Affairs of the Egyptian State,” in D. Lewandowska et al (eds.), Cupido Dominandi (2015). Betsy M. Bryan et al (eds.), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut (2014). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The prince Thutmose III. It's time to catch-up with the "other" King of Egypt. Thutmose III, still young, spent his early years in the palace, learning the arts of rule. He learned religious rituals, literacy, and skills in fighting. In this episode, we explore the young King's life through two institutions: the army and the royal palace "harem." Date c.1480 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Richard Gabriel, Thutmose III: A Military Biography, 2009. Eric Cline (editor), Thutmose III: A New Biography, 2006. Juan Carlos Moreno García (editor), Ancient Egyptian Administration, 2013. Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would Be King, 2014. Betsy M. Bryan (editor), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Punt Expedition and the Speos Artemidos. We take a short break from the narrative, to explore two important texts from Hatshepsut's reign. These are the records of the Punt Expedition, and a propaganda text from the Speos Artemidos, a temple in middle Egypt. Guest vocals by Anya Banerjee. Date c.1480 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast Select Bibliography: James H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, volume II, 1906. Edouard Naville, The Temple of Deir el-Bahari, volume III, 1898. James P. Allen, The Speos Artemidos Inscription of Hatshepsut, Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar 16, 2012. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Sed-Festival. By 1485 BCE, Hatshepsut's subjects were bustling to prepare her grand jubilee. The sed-festival, held in year 16, celebrated an anniversary. But, an anniversary of what, exactly? Date c.1485 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast Select Bibliography: Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would be King, 2014. Peter Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, 1988. Alan B. Lloyd, A Companion to Ancient Egypt, 2010. William Hayes, The Scepter of Egypt, volume II, 1978 (Book Online). Todd Gillen, The Historical Inscription on Queen Hatshepsut’s Chapelle Rouge, 2005 (Article Online). Websites: UCL – Hatshepsut UCLA – Digital Karnak, time of Hatshepsut Maat-ka-ra.de – the Speos Artemidos Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hatshepsut's Trusted Advisor. As Hatshepsut's power grew, so did that of Senenmut. A royal courtier, Senenmut found his career accelerating in tandem with the new King. In this episode, we follow Senenmut from his early upbringing to the corridors of power, and his victory over his rivals... Date c.1495-1485 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Peter Dorman, The Monuments of Senenmut, 1988. Ben Haring, “The Rising Power of the House of Amun in the New Kingdom,” in Ancient Egyptian Administration, 2013, read online. Bernard V. Bothmer, Egyptian Art: Selected Writings of Bernand V. Bothmer, 2004, read online. Edward F. Wente, “Some Graffiti of the Reign of Hatshepsut,” 1984, read online. Kahtryn Bard, The Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 2005. Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would Be King, 2014. Maat-ka-Re.de – Senenmut Digital Karnak – The Obelisks of Hatshepsut/Senenmut SLU.edu – Senmut Ancient Egypt Online – Neferure Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Expedition to Punt. In 1488 BCE, King Hatshepsut launched her most famous project. A fleet of ships sailed down the Red Sea coast, in order to visit the land of Punt. There, they gathered trade goods, and met some truly fascinating locals... Date c.1488 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Ian Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000. Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would Be King, 2014. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. James H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, 1906. Gay Robins, The Art of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Catherine A. Roehrig (editor), Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh, 2005. Edouard Naville, The Temple of Deir el-Bahari, vols. V and VI, 1906. Betsy M. Bryan (editor), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interview recorded 2020. The Impact of Hatshepsut's Reign on the Royal House of Dynasty 18. Kara (Kathlyn) Cooney is professor of Egyptian Art and Architecture at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). In this interview, we discuss her book The Woman Who Would be King, and her research into the reign and legacy of King Hatshepsut. Episode image: a statue of Hatshepsut, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Kara Cooney's website http://karacooney.squarespace.com/ and Facebook https://www.facebook.com/karacooneyegyptologist/ Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Intro music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Outro music by Ancient Lyric www.bettinajoydeguzman.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amun Creates Hatshepsut. In a short break, we explore the tale Hatshepsut told about her origins. She ascribed her creation and birth to the King of the Gods, Amun-Ra himself. In this dramatic recount, we go through the whole story (as it survives). Date c.1520 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hatshepsut, King of Egypt. In 1488 BCE, Hatshepsut made her most daring move. She pushed her newphew (Thutmose III) to one side and proclaimed herself King of Upper and Lower Egypt. At a stroke, Egypt had two kings, ruling at once... Date c.1488 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast Select Bibliography: Gay Robins, The Art of Ancient Egypt, 2008. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would be King, 2014. James H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, vol. II, 1906. Catherine A. Roehrig (editor), Hatshepsut: From Queen to Pharaoh, 2005. Edouard Naville, The Temple of Deir el-Bahari, vols. V and VI, 1906. Marta Sankiewicz, “The ‘co-regency’ of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III in light of iconography in the temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari,” Current Research in Egyptology 2010, 2011. Read Online. Betsy M. Bryan (editor), Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hatshepsut (Part 1): Gathering Power. For the first five years of her rule, Hatshepsut was (officially) a caretaker for the throne. But power inevitably gathered around the powerful woman, and she knew it... Date c.1495 - 1490 BCE References and images at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would be King, 2014. Google Books. Catherine A. Roehrig, Hatshepsut – From Queen to Pharaoh, 2005. Multiple articles. FREE Pdf from Metropolitan Museum of Art. Betsy M. Bryan et al., Creativity and Innovation in the Reign of Hatshepsut, 2014. Multiple articles. FREE Pdf from the University of Chicago. Ineni Biography, translated by Mark Jan Nederhof: Part I; Part II; Part III. Officials, Appointees etc. University College London website Saint Louis University website Maat-ka-re.de website Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Introducing Hatshepsut. For a decade or more, King Thutmose I ruled a stable kingdom. Unfortunately, this king gets overshadowed by his daughter, whom he may have groomed for power... Dates c.1519 - 1505 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Nicolas Grimal, A History of Egypt, 1994. Kara Cooney, The Woman Who Would Be King, 2014. Catherine H. Roehrig, editor, Hatshepsut: Queen to Pharaoh, 2005. Free PDF from Metropolitan Museum of Art. Betsy M. Bryan, “The 18th Dynasty Before the Amarna Period,” in Ian Shaw (editor), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000. Ineni Biography, translated by Mark Jan Nederhof: Part I; Part II; Part III. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Terrible deeds... and great. In his first few years King Thutmose I led campaigns, managed his household, and commissioned his royal tomb. He launched a campaign into Nubia, pursuing conquest and booty. Unfortunately, his methods were rather horrific... Date c.1515 BCE Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Ian Shaw (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000. W. Vivian Davies, “The Tomb of Ahmose son-of-Ibana at Elkab: Documenting the Family and Other Observations,” 2009. Read online. osiris.net the tomb of Paheri the tomb of Ahmose Ibana Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Conquering Syria. Around 1519 BCE a new King came to power. Thutmose I (Aa-kheper-ka-Re) immediately began securing his rule. He married a cousin (or sister) of his predecessor, then launched two military campaigns. In the process he travelled further than any ruler had done before... Date c.1519 BCE Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Anthony Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004 and 2010. James Breasted, A History of Egypt, 1905, 1909 and 1964. James Breasted, Records of Ancient Egypt, Volume II, 1906. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amunhotep I and the Splendour of Thebes. The podcast returns from hiatus, following the death of a close family member. Around 1530 BCE, King Ahmose I died and Amunhotep I came to power. At this time, the city of Waset (Thebes) was beginning to gain wealth and prominence, thanks to the exploits of its military. Prosperity grew and non-royal tombs show a growing sense of vitality... Date c.1530 BCE Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast Select Bibliography: Sjef Willockx, “Three Tombs, attributed to Amenhotep I“ Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Nicolas Grimal. A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Anthony J. Spalinger. War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Ian J. Shaw (ed.) – The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2000 (Google Books) Leonard H. Lesko (ed.) – Pharaoh’s Workers: The Villagers of Deir el-Medina, 1994. Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. William Peck, The Material World of Ancient Egypt, 2013. Reshafim.org – The Autobiography of Ahmose Ibana. Reshafim.org – The Autobiography of Ahmose Pen-Nekhbet. semataui.de – Amunhotep I (website) ucl.ac.uk – Amunhotep I (website) euler.slu.edu – Amunhotep I (website) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: Dance the Magic Dance! Egyptians had many festivals, and they celebrated these with great energy. Whether it was dancing for a wealthy hostess, or leaping over charging bulls, or just getting totally drunk at a festival, the Egyptians did it all... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Adolf Erman, Life in Ancient Egypt, 1894 (1971 edition). Barbara Mertz, Red Land Black Land:Daily Life in Ancient Egypt, 1966 (2009 edition). Emily Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, 2011. William Kelly Simpson(editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How to Bury a King. Around 1530 BCE, King Ahmose I died. With his death and burial, the Second Intermediate Period ended and the New Kingdom began. We explore the funeral of a truly great monarch... Date c. 1530 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Emily Teeter. Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt. 2011. Steven Snape. Ancient Egyptian Tombs: the Culture of Life and Death. 2011. Google Books. Aidan Dodson. “The Burials of Ahmose I” in Studies in Honor of Kent R. Weeks. 2010. Edward F. Wente. “Who Was Who Among the Royal Mummies.” 1995. Read for Free Here. Follow-up discussion by the same author here. University College London website – The Opening of the Mouth. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Kingdom Resurgent. Around 1540 BCE, the warriors of Thebes (Waset) were chasing their enemies. King Ahmose I and his soldiers pursued the Hyksos, straining to reach that ultimate victory, and re-unify The Two Lands. Date c. 1540 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Robert K. Ritner and Nadine Moeller. “The Ahmose ‘Tempest’ Stela, Thera and Comparative Chronology,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2014. Read for Free at Academia.edu. W. Vivian Davies, “The Tomb of Ahmose Son-of-Ibana at Elkab, Documenting the Family and Other Observations,” Elkab and Beyond: Studies in Honour of Luc Limme, 2009. Read for Free at Academia.edu. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Nicolas Grimal. A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Anthony J. Spalinger. War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Reshafim.org – The Autobiography of Ahmose Ibana. Reshafim.org – The Autobiography of Ahmose Pen-Nekhbet. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Warfare Along the Nile. Around 1550 BCE, the young King Ahmose I was pursuing battle against the enemy Hyksos. The King and his mother, Ahhotep, pummeled their foes mercilessly. But they also took time to raise friends to high places... Date c.1550 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Select Bibliography: Reshafim.org – The Autobiography of Ahmose son of Ibana. Irene Forstner-Muller, “Avaris, its Harbours and the Peru-nefer Problem,” Egyptian Archaeology 45 (2014). Read for free online at Academia.edu. W. Vivian Davies, “The Tomb of Ahmose Son-of-Ibana at Elkab, Documenting the Family and Other Observations,” Elkab and Beyond: Studies in Honour of Luc Limme, 2009. Read for free at Academia.edu. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. William Kelly Simpson (editor). The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Anthony J. Spalinger. War in Ancient Egypt, 2005. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Historical Phase number 3... We are now entering the New Kingdom. What does this mean? Well, that's kind of a big question. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Social media: www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Second Intermediate Period (Part 4). In 1560 BCE, Seqenenre Tao / Ta'a was dead. Killed in battle, the king's body lay on the field, beaten and bloody. Now, the task of ruling the southern kingdom fell to his wife Ahhotep and his son Kamose. The latter would lead a campaign of reprisal, a bloody raid into the heart of enemy territory... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select bibliography: Garry J. Shaw. “The Death of King Seqenenre Tao.” Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 2009. Read online at JSTOR. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. 2010. William Kelly Simpson (editor). The Literature of Ancient Egypt. Anthony J. Spalinger. War in Ancient Egypt. 2005. Reshafim.org – The Kamose Inscriptions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Around 1560 BCE the King of Southern Egypt, Seqen-en-re Ta’a died. His end was violent and bloody. The king was a victim of (anonymous) foes, who tied him up and executed him. The full circumstances of this event are coming to light with new research. Today, we dig into recent studies on the event and its larger context… Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com, Music by Ancient Lyric www.bettinajoydeguzman.com. Select Bibliography: Manfred Bietak, “The Egyptian Community in Avaris During the Hyksos Period,” Egypt and the Levant 26 (2016), 263–74. Manfred Bietak, “The Many Ethnicities of Avaris,” in J. Budka and J. Auenmüller (eds), From Microcosm to Macrocosm: Individual Households and Cities in Ancient Egypt and Nubia (2018): 73–92. Andrew Curry, “The Rulers of Foreign Lands,” Archaeology 71 (2018), 28–33. Aidan Dodson and Salima Ikram, The Mummy in Ancient Egypt (1998). Uroš Matić, Body and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt (2019). Sahar N. Saleem and Zahi Hawass, ‘Computed Tomography Study of the Mummy of King Seqenenre Taa II: New Insights Into His Violent Death’, Frontiers in Medicine 8 (2021), 1–10. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2021.637527 Grafton Elliot Smith, Egyptian Mummies (1991 Edition). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Second Intermediate Period (Part 3). Around 1560 BCE the Hyksos were supreme over Egypt. Along with their allies (the Nubians of Kerma), the Hyksos dominated half of the country. Down in the southern regions, the kings of Dynasty 16 struggled to hold their territory... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Anthony J. Spalinger, War in Ancient Egypt, 2005 Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004 & 2010. Lazlo Torok, Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region Between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC – AD 500, 2009. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Second Intermediate Period (Part 2): Invaders! Around 1650 BCE, the 13th Dynasty crumbled away. Foreigners moving into Egypt over previous centuries now consolidated their power. Or was it an invasion? Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Daphna Ben-Tor, “Can Scarabs Argue for the Origin of the Hyksos?” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections, 1 (2009). FREE on Academia.edu. Nadine Moeller, et al., “Discussion of Late Middle Kingdom and Early Second Intermediate Period History and Chronology in Relation to the Khayan Sealings From Edfu.” Egypt and the Levant, XXI (2011). FREE on Academia.edu. Wolfram Grajetzki, “Notes on Administration in the Second Intermediate Period,” The Second Intermediate Period, 2010. Charlotte Booth, The Hyksos Period in Egypt, 2008. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Second Intermediate Period (Part 1). Around 1700 BCE, different regions of Egypt began to separate. Following a slow decay, a catastrophic famine and plague, and erosion of royal authority, people living in the north decided to find their own way in life. Date: c. 1700 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Episode written in 2014. Edited but not rewritten in 2024. Select bibliography: Manfred Bietak, “Egypt and Canaan During the Middle Bronze Age,” Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research, 1991. Janine Bourriau, “The Second Intermediate Period” in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, 2004. Auaris.at – Official Website of the Austrian Expedition to Avaris (Tell el-Dabaa): General History of the Region; the Avaris Temple. Irene Forstner-Muller, “Tombs and Burial Customs…” in The Second Intermediate Period: Current Research, Future Prospects, 2010. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Aidan Dodson & Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Gregory D. Mumford, “Dynasties 13-17: The Second Intermediate Period,” Lecture Series. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dynasty 13: Invisible Kings. From 1770 to 1700, the 13th Dynasty produced a vast number of kings, but we know almost nothing about them, for reasons that remain challenging to understand. We also explore the Tale of the Eloquent Peasant, a wonderful story of wrongdoing and the search for justice. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. W.K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2006. PDF Copy at Archive.org. Toby Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. W.K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2006. PDF Copy at Archive.org. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Woman King. Around 1776 BCE, the 12th Dynasty was dwindled away. Before it vanished, it produced one last remarkable figure. Neferu-Sobek (or Sobek-Neferu) was Egypt's first recorded female king. Additionally, we explore the Tale of the Man and his Ba, also known as The Man Who Was Tired of Life. Date: c. 1776 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Wolfram Gratjetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Raymond O. Faulkner, “The Man Who Was Tired of Life,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (1956). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Foreign Settlements. King Amenemhat IV came to power around 1798 BCE. His reign was unremarkable, but big things were happening around Egypt. In this episode, we explore the growing evidence for Canaanite peoples coming to Egypt and settling in large numbers. Date c.1798 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Florian Lippke, “The Southern Levant in context. A brief sketch of important figures considering the religious symbol system in the Bronze Ages,” in Egypt and the Near East – the Crossroads. Jana Mynárova, 2011. Ian Shaw, “Amethyst Mining in the Eastern Desert: A Preliminary Survey at Wadi el-Hudi,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79 (1993): 81-97. Jacke Phillips, “Egyptian Amethyst in the Bronze Age Aegean,” Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 1.2 (2009): 9-25. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

King Amen-em-hat III (aka Ny-ma'at-Re) was the last "great" ruler of Dynasty 12. Over forty-six years in power, he would achieve significant things for his royal household. Unfortunately, cracks were beginning to appear in Egypt's kingdom... Date: c. 1840 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 1994. Gregory D. Mumford and Sarah Parcak, “Pharaonic Ventures into the South Sinai,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 89 (2003). JSTOR. Alan B. Lloyd (editor), A Companion to Ancient Egypt, 2010. Google Books preview. Kerry Muhlstein, “Levantine Thinking in Egypt,” Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature, 2009. Google Books preview. James P. Allen, “The Historical Inscription of Khnumhotep at Dahshur,” Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 352 (2008). JSTOR. R. Neil Hewison, The Fayoum: History and Guide, 2008. Google Books preview. University College London wesbite: Satire of the Trades; The Labyrinth of Hawara. Chris Kirby‘s Reconstruction of Biahmu. Youtube. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Senuseret III (Part 5). Family matters. Around 1845 BCE, the Heka-nakht Papyri tell us of daily life and business in Middle Kingdom Egypt. Also, King Senuseret III reaches the end of his reign. His successor, Amenemhat, strikes up an uncommon balance of power, with his daughter Neferu-Ptah... Date: c. 1845 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music: Keith Zizza. Select Bibliography: Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Josef Wegner, “A Group of Miniature Royal Sarcophagi from South Abydos,” in Millions of Jubilees: Studies in Honor of David P. Silverman, 2010 (Read online free at Academia.edu). UCL Website – Amenemhat III. SLU Website – Amenemhat III. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Kha-kau-re Senuseret III (Part 4): Decimations. Around 1864 BCE, King Senuseret III launched a new campaign into Nubia. Along the way, he built new fortresses and took many captives. Meanwhile, Egyptians begin practising a rather novel way of destroying their enemies... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: Lazlo Török, Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC – AD 500, 2009. Lyla Pinch Brock, Zahi Hawass, Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century: Archaeology, 2003 (Google Books). Derek Welsby, “Hidden Treasures of Lake Nubia,” Sudan & Nubia volume 8 (2004). Carola Vogel, The Fortifications of Ancient Egypt 3000-1780 BCE, 2010 (Google Books). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Kha-kau-re Senuseret III (Part 3): The Coffin Texts. Around 1867 BCE, the nobles were taking a greater share in the economy than ever before. This "flowering" of elite culture produced some wonderful works: ornately decorated coffins, painted with spells, hymns, and even stories connected with the underworld of Osiris... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Select Bibliography: W.K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2006. PDF Copy at Archive.org. Leonard H. Lesko, “Some Observations on the Composition of the Book of Two Ways,” Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 91 (1971). JSTOR link. Harold M. Hays, “The Mutability of Tradition: The Old Kingdom Heritage and Middle Kingdom Significance of Coffin Texts Spell 343,” Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux” Vol. 40 (2007). Read Online Free at Academia.edu. The Fitzwilliam Museum, Egyptian Funerary Literature, website. Osiris.net, The Tomb of Djehuty-hotep, website. Margaret R. Buson, Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt – Revised Edition 2001. GoogleBooks Edition. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: A Tale of the Sea. Sometime during the Twelfth Dynasty, a folk-tale was composed (or became popular) that would echo through the ages as one of Egypt’s most enduring tales... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: W.K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2006 (Archive.org Pdf Copy).Primary translation for this episode. Peter der Manuelian, “Interpreting the Shipwrecked Sailor,” in Festschrift für Emmer Brunner-Traut (1992). Free Online Copy. John Baines, “Interpreting the Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology76 (1990). Online pdf. Fordham University – The Shipwrecked Sailor, online article. St. Andrews University – Hieroglyphic text, transliteration and translation. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ancient Egyptian Love Songs. Ancient Egyptian love songs are passionate (even erotic). This episode may not be suitable for children. But these poems are lively, full of excitement, and descriptive indeed... Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Society and Death. Around 1872 BCE, King Senuseret III (Kha-Kau-Re) was powerful and secure. The wealthy nobles of the kingdom began to respond to this power... Date c. 1880 - 1870 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Janet Richards, Society and Death in Ancient Egypt: Mortuary Landscapes of the Middle Kingdom, 2005 (Google Books Preview). The History Blog, “Met Saves Treasures of Harageh from Auction Sale,” 2014 (Blog post). Original Auction. A. Illin-Tomich, “A Twelfth Dynasty Stela Workshop Possibly from Saqqara,” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology volume 97, 2011 (Academia.edu). Reshafim.org: “The Ikher-nefret Stela,” and “The Loyalist Instruction of Sehetepibre” and “The Teaching of a Man for his Son.” Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. W.K. Simpson (editor), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 2003. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Senuseret III (Part 1): A Secret Tomb. Around 1880 BCE, one of Egypt's most successful rulers took the throne. Sen-Useret III was a mighty and influential King, who would enjoy a lasting legacy of power, justice, and splendour... Date c.1880 - 1860 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Josef Wegner, “The Tomb of Senwosret III at Abydos: Considerations on the Origin and Development of the Royal Amduat-Tomb,” in Archaism and Innovation, 2009 (Free Download). Josef Wegner and Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner, “Seat of Eternity” in Archaeology Magazine, July/August 2001 (JSTOR). Vanessa E. Smith, “An Investigation of the Shena of Divine Offerings Adjacent to the Mortuary Temple of Senwosret III at Abydos, Egypt,” PhD. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 2010. Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Penn Museum Website – Abydos. Ancient Egypt Online – Senwosret III at Dahshur. Metropolitan Museum of Art Website – Senwosret III’s Pyramid at Dahshur. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Lake Pyramid. Around 1892 BCE, a new ruler came to power. His name was Senuseret II, and while he did not rule long, this king had a big impact on his dynasty... Date c. 1890 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Wolfram Grajetzki – The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Nicolas Grimal – A History of Egypt, 1994. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton – The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2010. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Interlude: How the Egyptians Celebrated. From beer halls to temples to cemeteries, this episode explores Egyptian revelry. We focus on two major festivals: the raucous celebrations for Hathor, and the sombre re-enactment of the Osiris story... Episode 40: Feasting, Laughing and Dancing – The History of Egypt Podcast (egyptianhistorypodcast.com). Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Vangelis. Select Bibliography: John C. Darnell, “The Opet Festival.” UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology. LA Times interview with Prof. Betsy M. Bryan, Johns Hopkins University. E.F. Morris, “Sacred and Obscene Laughter in the Contendings of Horus and Seth,” in Egyptian Stories, 2007. Plutarch, Isis and Osiris (1st Century CE). The Ikher-nefret Stela (12th Dynasty). Additional Music by Vangelis – Alexander (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amenemhat II (Part 2): Fabulous Wealth. From 1927 – 1910 BCE, Nub-Kau-Re Amenemhat II launches expeditions to lands outside Egypt. Trade missions to and from the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine) bring wealth and exotic goods into Egypt. Treasures even come from southern Turkey and the Aegean Sea, finding their way into the temples being built or renovated by the king. Nubkaure’s reign is remarkable for the archaeological finds of al–Tod that give testament to the foreign wealth entering the kingdom. This wealth goes to fund a number of building projects… Date c. 1920 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Wolfram Grajetzki – The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. 2006. Nicolas Grimal – A History of Egypt. 1994. Ezra S. Marcus – “Amenemhet II and the Sea: Maritime Aspects of the Mit Rahina (Memphis) Expedition.” Egypt and the Levant vol. 17 (2007) . Free Download (Academia.edu) K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop – “A Note on the Anatolian Connections of the Tod Treasure” Anatolian Studies vol. 45 (1995) – Read Free Online (JSTOR) Lawrence E. Stager – “Port Power in the Early and the Middle Bronze Age: The Organization of Maritime Trade and Hinterland Production.” Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands in Memory of Douglas L. Esse. 2001. Free Download (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) Metropolitan Museum News – the Colossal Statue of Amenemhat II. Reshafim.org – the biography of Thoth-Hotep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amenemhat II (Part 1): International Fame. Around 1927 BCE, King Nub-kau-Re Amenemhat II came to power. His reign was peaceful and prosperous, and many treasures emerge from this period... Date c. 1927 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Select Bibliography: Jacques de Morgan, Fouilles a Dachour 1894-1895, 1903 (Free Download). The New York Times, 1899 – Jacques de Morgan speaks to the American Archaeological and Numismatic Society on his discovery. Reshafim.org – the Biography of Khnumhotep II, of Beni Hassan (Menat Khufu). Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, 2006. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices