Behavioral Grooves Podcast

Nuala Walsh is a strategic adviser with MindEquity, working with organizations to create reputation, commercial and cultural change. She is a global leader, an award-winning marketeer, and a behavioral scientist. Nuala has nearly 3 decades of strategic, commercial, and governance experience in asset management, investment banking, and consulting. All her strategic solutions are informed by decision science & behavioral frameworks. Nuala is also the Non-Executive Director of GAABS, the Vice-Chair of UN Women, and she has been the Chief Marketing Officer, Standard Life Aberdeen. In short, she’s a remarkable person whose insights are worth paying attention to as both a practitioner and a researcher. We spoke with Nuala recently about some investigations she completed on two topics. The first was to understand the impact that fake news has on our ‘remembering’ self. What she discovered is that our memories don’t discriminate between true or false information – we tend to remember it all roughly the same way, when we believe it at the start. The second area we discussed was about whistleblowers in modern corporations. Without the proper environment, whistleblowers don’t act or can be maltreated within an organization when they do raise their hands. Nuala’s got some ideas on how to change that. Here’s her list of tips for improving your corporate culture to support whistleblowers: Reframe. The word whistleblowing is a negative word, so reframing it as “speaking up” could be more positive. There's a shift in how companies can rewrite how they message to employees. Economic. Scandalized companies earn 4% less than firms that have not experienced major scandals. So by definition, a company could earn 4% more if it’s clean and could impact employees' wages should they go to another firm. Rewards. Rewarding employees with relevant incentives and she is quick to recommend against financial, such as appropriately recognizing people, sharing salient stories of courage, talking about people in the company, people outside the company as role models…all of these can contribute positively to better company culture. By taking bad behavior out of the shadows or removing the Social Norming effect of removing it from secrecy is a powerful tool. But you can't just point to somebody internally to highlight their courage, leaders need to appropriately highlight teams that have called out errors that prevented disasters. It’s best to not pinpoint an individual because of personal risk and a lot of potential threats. Make it Normal. Employees won’t speak up in a dangerous work environment. The more you make the environment open and communal and part of the cultural norm, the less fear that is induced on people and the greater likelihood they’ll point out bad behavior when it happens. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Nuala as much as we did. If you like it, please don’t hesitate to give Behavioral Grooves a quick rating on your listening app. Links Nuala Walsh: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nualagwalsh/ Anthony Hopkins: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins Robert De Niro: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_De_Niro Dan Gilbert: https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/daniel-gilbert Daniel Kahneman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman Elizabeth Loftus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Loftus Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit?usp=sharing Merle van den Akker: https://www.moneyonthemind.org/about The Innocence Project: https://innocenceproject.org/ Josef Mengele: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Mengele Ted Bundy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Bundy Ann Rule: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Rule OJ Simpson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._J._Simpson Bibb Latané: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibb_Latan%C3%A9 John Darley: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Darley Kitty Genovese and The Bystander Effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Kitty_Genovese Robert Cialdini: https://www.influenceatwork.com/ Cass Sunstein: https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10871/Sunstein GAABS: https://gaabs.org/ Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/ Nudge: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudge_(book) Predictably Irrational: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictably_Irrational On False Creating False Memories: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407674/#:~:text=The%20Deese%2C%20Roediger%20and%20McDermott,recall%20or%20recognize%20these%20words. “On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall” https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13664879/ Musical Links Tim Houlihan “Another Orion”: https://timhoulihan.bandcamp.com/track/another-orion Eurythmics “Here Comes the Rain Again”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko8Ec7ojahU Tina Turner “Proud Mary”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EqIpkMDRjYw Queen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAZOFABpmIs Michael Jackson “Billy Jean”: https://www.youtube.c

Chaning Jang is the CSO of the Busara Center for Behavioral Economics and has helped lead the organization since 2013. He is responsible for strategy, and a portfolio of projects, primarily focused on research. Prior to joining Busara, Chaning worked as an English teacher in the Czech Republic and an equities trader in Los Angeles. Chaning completed a Postdoc at Princeton University in Psychology and Public Affairs, holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Hawai'i with specialization in Behavioral Economics and Development, and a bachelor's in Managerial Economics from the University of California, Davis. He is also a CFA level II holder. We spoke to Chaning one night (for him) from his office in Nairobi, Kenya and we focused our discussion on context and how so much of psychological research has been focused in WEIRD countries (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). Because of this focus and how behavior can be linked to cultural and social norms, countries that are not WEIRD are often unable to successfully apply the research that was executed in WEIRD cultures. Chaning is trying to change that. The work that the Busara Center is doing is important on many levels, the most significant is trying to eliminate poverty at the heart of where it is the worst on earth: Africa. Chaning’s work is fascinating, his ideas sparkle with intensity, and his comments are inspiring. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Chaning Jang. We are grateful to Allison Zelkowitz from Save the Children for connecting us. Links Chaning Jang, PhD: https://www.busaracenter.org/staff-bios?tag=Chaning%20Jang Busara Center for Behavioral Economics: https://www.busaracenter.org/ Dan Ariely, PhD: https://danariely.com/ WEIRD: https://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~henrich/pdfs/WeirdPeople.pdf Johannes Haushofer, PhD: https://www.tedmed.com/speakers/show?id=621210 Kahneman & Tversky: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman The Linda Problem (Conjunction Fallacy): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_fallacy Jeremy Shapiro, PhD: https://www.poverty-action.org/people/jeremy-shapiro Economic and psychological effects of health insurance and cash transfers: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Kenya: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304387818310289 Trier Social Stress Test: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trier_social_stress_test Cold Pressor Test: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_pressor_test Kevin Parker: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Parker_(musician) Poverty Decreases IQ: https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/sendhil/files/976.full_.pdf Musical Links Tame Impala (Australian psych-rock): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C24hUt18RWY John Lennon “Instant Karma”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfBPbFEel5k Daft Punk with Pharrell Williams “Get Lucky”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkeIwhKIi84 Fleetwood Mac “The Chain”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6P2_i0Y6ms Joji “Your Man”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrtkU7i0qD8 Fleet Foxes “Can I Believe You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2E2DpWO3-Y Freddie Mercury “I’m The Great Pretender”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLRjFWDGs1g © 2021 Behavioral Grooves

Jonah Berger is a marketing professor in the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and the internationally best-selling author Contagious and Invisible Influence. He consults with some of the largest corporations in the world and derives great insights from his interactions with business leaders wrestling with strategic issues. In this episode, we caught up with Jonah to discuss his most recent book called The Catalyst. His book takes a counter-intuitive view on persuasion by focusing on reducing barriers to change rather than learning just the right lines, information, or coercive measures to use. Jonah advocates for first understanding why people are doing what they’re doing before we try to get them to do something else. He shared his REDUCE model with us - Reactance, Endowment, Distance, Uncertainty, and Corroborating Evidence – and we dove into Reactance as a major component of how we resist change. The harder you push on someone to change, the more likely they are to push back. It’s natural for us to push back and to illustrate, just try this little experiment with someone in your household (another adult). Ask your adult counterpart to hold up their hand at shoulder level and have your palms meet. Tell them you’re going to push on their hand, then do it with some force. Do they push back to slow the advance of your hand or do they just go limp and let you push their hand as far as you can? It’s likely that they’ll push back. The same is true of any behavior change. And that’s okay. Our natural tendencies serve us well in many situations, but not all. Jonah’s perspective on how catalysts change behavior will open your mind to new ideas. We hope you enjoy it and, this week, find your groove. © 2021 Behavioral Grooves Links Jonah Berger, PhD: https://jonahberger.com/author-bio/ Jonah Berger Additional Resources: https://jonahberger.com/resources/ Lee Ross, PhD: https://profiles.stanford.edu/lee-ross Mark Lepper, PhD: https://psychology.stanford.edu/people/mark-lepper Kurt Lewin, PhD “Force Field Analysis”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Lewin Musical Links Whitney Houston “I Will Always Love You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ardglr9MVVQ Queen “We Will Rock You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvKkIttJLcc Tim Houlihan “Thinking About You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS-PsjRktUk Dolly Parton “I Will Always Love You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0bEZH6ZqG4

Recently, NPR’s Planet Money penned an article about how much our time is worth based on some research that was sponsored by the rideshare company Lyft. According to the article, Lyft economists tried to determine how much people were willing to pay to save some time. After crunching data from nine different cities, Lyft estimated the average value of time is $19.00 per hour. In this episode, Kurt and Tim discussed Ashley Whillan’s new book, “Time Smart: How to Reclaim Your Time and Live a Happier Life,” some of the fundamental errors humans experience with time such as temporal discounting, loads of stats you’ll probably never need. We discover that better time management leads to greater happiness and combining habits and mindset is critical to wellbeing. By the way, the US Department of Transportation’s official value of people’s time is $14.00 per hour. Go figure. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Planet Money (NPR): What Is Your Time Worth?: https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2020/12/08/943812834/what-is-your-time-worth Big Think – Life in Numbers: https://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/how-many-days-of-your-life-do-you-have-sex-your-lifetime-by-the-numbers Ashley Whillans, “Time Smart: How to Reclaim Your Time and Live a Happier Life”: https://www.amazon.com/Time-Smart-Reclaim-Your-Happier-ebook/dp/B0842X6L2C

Have you ever been caught in an avalanche or spoken to someone who survived? In this episode, you’ll hear what living through an avalanche is really like. Audun Hetland (a psychologist) and Andrea Mannberg (an economist) are researchers at the White Heat Project in Tromsø, Norway. The project is a collaboration between The Arctic University of Norway, Montana State University, and Umeå University, in Sweden. Their international team also includes researchers in geography, snow science, and political science. They are focused on the effects of positional preferences and bounded rationality on risk-taking behavior, and more specifically, skiing in avalanche terrain. As project leader, Andrea spoke about how this interdisciplinary team is helping backcountry skiers do a better job of managing their risk in avalanche terrain. To do so, they are studying decision-making under uncertainty and the curious way cold and hot states affect our choices. Their work has clear implications for corporate leaders who make decisions about budgets and human resources, and in many situations, the consequences can be quite high. In case you’re not familiar with Tromsø, Norway, it is a 2-hour flight north of the Arctic Circle. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Andrea Mannberg, PhD and Audun Hetland, PhD: https://uit.no/research/care White Heat Project: https://whiteheatproject.com/ Bridger Bowl: https://bridgerbowl.com/ George Loewenstein & Dan Ariely’s paper on hot states vs. cold states: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bdm.501 Seinfeld Morning Guy vs. Night Guy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEe2pN8oksc Max Bazerman “Better, Not Perfect” Episode 196: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/living-happier-by-making-the-world-better-with-max-bazerman/ Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit?usp=sharing Musical Links John Coltrane “Green Dolphin Street”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePScRElDHOY Tom Waits “Tom Traubert’s Blues”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvFyt2kmrZk White Stripes “Seven Nation Army”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKdmdCtPtnQ Monster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_(band) Monster: https://open.spotify.com/artist/0c9qOU7URKA43mMlgJApmV?si=we-OrwjYS4GVksnTwNOt4g The Clash “London Calling”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlLbrID7oDg Folk og Røvere: https://open.spotify.com/artist/5jVLZ3NoJJ5kRcSnYOgSHO Philter: http://open.spotify.com/album/1sbcw2kjPf5ZcLU5n7oGSt Andrea’s “dance song”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9GqMuW9_Z8 Isolation Years (A band from Andrea’s home town): https://open.spotify.com/album/4nNOnikF2OVzBF9BqNxkHb?si=7Tkv4JujTPy99WytOG1H8A The Knife: https://open.spotify.com/album/7lbXNgtug37CDpS7N7NkrL?si=AAwopJtDRQKpUe-EOJAYCw First Aid Kit: https://open.spotify.com/artist/21egYD1eInY6bGFcniCRT1?si=ASWNJUigSPKAjgUkG66DcQ

Joel Weinberger is a Professor of Psychology at the Derner Institute at Adelphi University with Postdoctoral training in motivation at Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and of the American Psychological Association. His research has focused on unconscious processes and worked closely during his post-doc with motivation guru David McClelland. Joel is the founder of the consulting firm Implicit Strategies, where he helps political campaigns, non-profits, and businesses discover what consumers unconsciously think and feel about their candidate, product, or brand. In addition to roughly 100 peer-reviewed articles, his political and business commentaries have appeared in various outlets, including The Huffington Post, Anderson Cooper, and Good Morning America. In addition to writing, teaching, and consulting, Joel is a practicing clinical psychologist. We are here to talk with him about his seminal book, The Unconscious, that we came to because of a generous recommendation from Yale scholar, John Bargh, PhD. We spoke with Joel in late June 2020 and, regrettably, we failed to publish our conversation earlier. So, you’ll hear some references to the 2020 campaign that are asynchronous to where we are today; that said, Joel successfully predicted the outcome of the US Presidential election back in June! Predictions aside, Joel’s encyclopedic knowledge of research on the unconscious is - dare I say - thrilling. We discussed Joel’s admiration for the work of Sigmund Freud, his collaborations with David McClelland, the interplay between the conscious and the unconscious, and research he’s done with his long-time partner, Drew Westen. We covered political campaigns, deniers of the unconscious, and the liberating voice of Sam Cooke. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Joel and happy new year! (And good riddance to 2020!) © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Joel Weinberger, PhD: https://www.adelphi.edu/faculty/profiles/profile.php?PID=0275 “Unconscious: Theory, Research and Clinical Implications”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44658840-the-unconscious?from_search=true&from_srp=true&qid=kvDgbgcuys&rank=1 Mickey Mantle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Mantle David McClelland, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McClelland David McClelland and Joel Weinberger on Implicit vs. Self Attributed: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-03570-001 Sigmund Freud “The Interpretation of Dreams”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Interpretation_of_Dreams Sigmund Freud “The Unconscious”: https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Freud_Unconscious.pdf Drew Westen, “The Political Brain”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/853648.The_Political_Brain Weinberger & Westen “RATS, We Should Have Used Clinton: Subliminal Priming in Political Campaigns”: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00658.x Heddy Lamarr: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr Blues music: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues AJ Jacobs “The Year of Living Biblically”: https://ajjacobs.com/books/the-year-of-living-biblically/ Kwame Christian on Compassionate Curiosity – Episode 178: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/kwame-christian-on-compassionate-curiosity-social-justice-conversations-and-cinnamon-toast-crunch/ Musical Links “Yesterday” by the Beatles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YWyFIzSeXI Sam Cooke “Bring it on Home to Me” (Harlem Version): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYdX4_9VbBA Tedeschi Trucks Band - "Bring It On Home To Me": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwuhY8mbu2s Leadbelly “Goodnight, Irene”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xn50JSI0W-E BB King “The Thrill is Gone”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWLAAzOBoBI

If you’re like the rest of us, your new year’s resolutions don’t last beyond St. Valentine’s Day. That’s okay – it’s normal. The trouble is it’s not what you want. If you WANT success with your resolutions – to accomplish your goals – then listen to this podcast. We’ve broken down the best behavioral science advice into 4 easy-to-follow tips that will help you achieve what it is you’re passionately committed to at the start of the year. We’ve incorporated research from some of the best work in the field is combined with the real-life experiences of our hosts, Kurt Nelson, PhD, and Tim Houlihan. Enjoy and please join us in saying “So long!” to 2020 with our last episode of the year. If you like our work, please give us a super quick rating or take a luxurious minute while you’re waiting for the oven to heat up for your holiday bake and give us a short review. Thank you and we look forward to a better year ahead. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves

Max Bazerman is the Jesse Isidor Strauss Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and is the author of “Better, Not Perfect.” It is the latest in a string of 21 books Max has authored and stands on the platform of hundreds of peer-reviewed papers on decision-making, negotiations, and ethics. Max began by discussing the Myth of the Fixed Pie problem, which is quite common in negotiations. The Myth of the Fixed Pie indicates that we tend to rely on the way a problem is initially framed rather than thinking beyond it. We also talked about the importance of using our time wisely by being conscious of the things and experiences we focus on. Max’s worldview seems to be stitched together with the thread of human kindness. We found him, and our conversation with him, to be incredibly inspiring. Even though we caught up with Max early in the Fall, we felt so much joy and optimism in our conversation, that we decided to conclude 2020 with Max’s take on how much better humanity – not just everyone, but you and I individually, too – can be, if we just pay attention to our decisions We hope you enjoy our conversation with Max and if you liked it, please give us a quick rating or a review. Thanks for a good year, Groovers, and now on to 2021 © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Max Bazerman: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6420 Bazerman “Better, Not Perfect”: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/better-not-perfect-max-h-bazerman?variant=32129879736354 Bazerman “The Power of Noticing”: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Power-of-Noticing/Max-Bazerman/9781476700304 Silver Oak Cabernet – Alexander Valley: https://silveroak.com/shop/category/wine/alexander-valley/ Sam Smith chocolate stout: https://www.samuelsmithsbrewery.co.uk/shop/bottles/stout-bottles/organic-chocolate-stout/ David Messick: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/directory/messick_david_m.aspx Ann Tenbrunsel: https://mendoza.nd.edu/mendoza-directory/profile/?slug=ann-tenbrunsel Mazarin Bhanaji: https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/mahzarin-r-banaji Dolly Chugh: https://www.stern.nyu.edu/faculty/bio/dolly-chugh Chugh “The Person You Want to Be”: http://www.dollychugh.com/book Jeremy Bentham: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bentham/ John Stuart Mill: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill/ Peter Singer: https://petersinger.info/ Josh Greene: https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/joshua-d-greene Greene “Moral Tribes”: https://www.joshua-greene.net/moral-tribes Utilitarianism: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/ Mort Seligman Learned Helplessness Lab: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_helplessness Robert McCollum, Department of Justice: https://casetext.com/case/mccollum-v-secy-of-health-human-servs-1 Matt Meyers: https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO05/20190725/109846/HHRG-116-GO05-Wstate-MyersM-20190725.pdf Kahneman & Tversky: https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/prospect.htm Thaler & Sunstein: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudge_(book) Effective Altruism: https://www.effectivealtruism.org/ Givewell.org: https://www.givewell.org/ David Ricardo – Comparative Advantage: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage Musical Links Aoife O'Donovan“Oh, Mama”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSmZCCtyq3Q Tracy Grammar “If I Needed You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOXSc0N1AH4 Simon & Garfunkel “Sound of Silence”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwP3vPQi0nI Simon & Garfunkel with Andy Williams “Scarborough Fair”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_T7HgZKZjo Scarborough Fair / Canticle - Jadyn Rylee, Sina and Charlotte Zone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAlys2LOX5Q Joan Baez “Blowin in the Wind”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBP59jSU4Ag Tom Rush “No Regrets”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pxEKfEBOWM Carole King “You Make Me Feel Like A Natural Woman”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOyvYnkdEcc Crooked Still “Little Sadie”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uRAHnRoWts

This is THE episode to listen to if you have missed the last 90 episodes. We can all agree that 2020 has been one hell of a year. Many people have been severely impacted by the pandemic, by financial uncertainty, with civil unrest, and the general malaise that the year seemed to have. Many are excited to say, “Good riddance!” The same goes for us, but Kurt and Tim have also used 2020 to surpass several milestones that we’d like to share with you. #1 Best Behavioral Science Podcast as voted by listeners of Habit Weekly (which was very, very cool – thank you to everyone who voted for us – we are humbled!) Global Top 20 Behavioral Science Podcast by Chartable 90 episodes this year (started with Rory at 107, will end with New Year’s Resolutions at 197) 72 unique guests 120 countries download Behavioral Grooves 3rd year in a row of fantastic growth (110% growth this year over last year) 30 episodes dedicated to putting a behavioral science lens on the coronavirus pandemic This episode is a rear-view mirror glance at some of our favorite conversations from 2020. We’ve included great quotes from terrific guests – in their own voices – so you can get a quick feel for what Behavioral Grooves is all about. And we are pushing full steam ahead into 2021 with plans for more remarkable insights from amazing guests, more grooving sessions on topical issues from Kurt and Tim, and a couple of new series that will bring applied behavioral science to you in ways that will enrich your personal and professional life. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Kurt Nelson, PhD: @motivationguru Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan Behavioral Grooves: https://behavioralgrooves.com/ Nudge.It North Conference: https://www.nudgeitnorth.com/ Habit Weekly: https://www.habitweekly.com/ Annie Duke – Episode 176: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/annie-duke-on-how-to-decide/ Max Bazerman – Episode not yet published: Gary Latham – Episode 147: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/gary-latham-phd-goal-setting-prompts-priming-and-skepticism/ Ryan McShane – Episode 191: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/evolving-hr-using-behavioral-science-with-ryan-mcshane/ Chiara Varazzani – Episode 118: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/chiara-varazzani-behavioral-science-needs-more-neuroscience/ Roy Baumeister – Episode 171: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/self-control-belonging-and-why-your-most-dedicated-employees-are-the-ones-to-watch-out-for-with-roy-baumeister/ Eric Oliver – Episode 172: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/how-to-talk-to-your-friends-about-their-conspiracy-theories-with-eric-oliver/ Bill von Hippel – Episode 187: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/bill-von-hippel-on-the-social-leap-context-and-max-weinberg/ Amy Bucher – Episode 192: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/amy-bucher-on-participatory-design-trust-and-engaging-your-audience/ Jessica Mayhew – Episode 179: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/play-reciprocity-and-context-the-keys-to-happy-communities-with-jessica-mayhew/ Eli Finkel – Episode 174: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/secrets-to-a-successful-marriage-with-eli-finkel/ Steve Martin & Joe Marks – Episode 110: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/steve-martin-and-joe-marks-the-messenger-is-the-message/ John Bargh – Episode 155: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/john-bargh-dante-coffee-and-the-unconscious-mind/ Kwame Christian – Episode 178: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/kwame-christian-on-compassionate-curiosity-social-justice-conversations-and-cinnamon-toast-crunch/ Rory Sutherland – Episode 107: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/rory-sutherland-the-opposite-of-a-good-idea-is-a-good-idea/ © 2020 Behavioral Grooves

Pretty much everyone around the world agrees that 2020 was a challenging year and we’re glad it’s all but over. However, 2020 was a year we upped the number of guests (to 90), upped our reading habits (20+ books for the show), and had more authors as guests than in any previous year. In short, Kurt and Tim read a lot of new books. And because we read bunches of them, we’re here to save you time by offering you our view of the top 10 books – 5 from Kurt and 5 from Tim – on behavioral science from 2020. We hope you enjoy them as much as we did – and as always, let us know what you think! For quick reference, here’s our list with links for your enjoyment. And here’s to happy reading in 2021! Top Book List from Kurt “Behave,” by Robert Sapolsky: https://amzn.to/3p5MJWF “Good Habits, Bad Habits,” by Wendy Wood: https://amzn.to/3p6v1lK “Scarcity,” by Eldar Shafir and Sendhil Mullainathan: https://amzn.to/3nsMS62 “Think Like a Rocket Scientist,” Ozan Varol: https://amzn.to/34n8OI7 “Before You Know It,” by John Bargh: https://amzn.to/3r7SbtT Top Book List from Tim “How to Decide,” by Annie Duke: https://amzn.to/38nHsmK “Behavioral Insights,” by Michael Hallsworth and Elspeth Kirkman: https://amzn.to/2WsJ1Kr “Alchemy,” by Rory Sutherland: https://amzn.to/2LEwRfd “Messengers: Who We Listen To, Who We Don’t, and Why,” by Steve Martin & Joe Marks: https://amzn.to/38gRHsH “Unleash Your Primal Brain,” by Tim Ash: https://amzn.to/3gYM1rr Honorable Mentions “Elevate,” by Robert Glazer “Designing for Behavior Change,” by Steve Wendel “Invisible Influences,” by Jonah Berger “White Fragility,” Robin DeAngelo “The All-Or-Nothing Marriage: How the Best Marriages Work,” by Eli Finkel “The Power of Bad,” by Roy Baumeister and John Tierney “Better, Not Perfect,” by Max Bazerman “Time Smart,” by Ashley Whillans “Blindsight: the mostly hidden ways marketing shapes our brains,” by Prince Ghuman and Matt Johnson Thanks for listening and we hope you find your groove with these books! © 2020 Behavioral Grooves

Are the new COVID-19 vaccines are safe? It will probably take time to know for sure; however, this week Kurt and Tim discuss the behavioral aspects of the transition. Kurt was engaged by an article in Bloomberg called “Vaccines May Have Social Side Effects,” by Tyler Cowen, a professor of economics at George Mason University. Professor Cowen raised the idea that the mere presence of vaccines may give people an unwarranted boost in confidence and lead to less mask-wearing and social distancing. In this 8-and-a-half-minute grooving session, we discuss some of the behavioral aspects of the transition. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links “Vaccines May Have social Side Effects”: https://www.startribune.com/vaccines-may-have-social-side-effects/573096121/?refresh=true How a Covid-19 Vaccine Could End Up Helping the Virus Spread: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-11/if-we-re-not-careful-a-vaccine-might-help-covid-19-spread

Amy Bucher, PhD is the Vice President of Behavior Change Design at Mad*Pow and the author of “Engaged” a new book on how to apply behavioral science to the design and development of products. At Mad*Pow, she designs motivating interventions to help people live healthier and happier lives and, in her spare time, knocks 150 books off her reading list every year. (OMG!) Amy was recently recognized as one of 10 behavioral scientists you should know in Forbes magazine. While we did spend a bit of time on the article and her work at Mad*Pow, most of our conversation focused on the book. We talked about motivation and the incredible power that idiosyncratic messaging can have on customers when used properly by marketing and sales. We also discussed participatory design, trust, and how important it is for product developers and marketers to demonstrate trust. She also offered her thoughts on how designers need to do a better job of integrating behavioral science into their products. Some are doing it, but there are lots of opportunities for improvement Amy offered some ideas on this. Lastly, we want to note that Amy wrote that one of the most important reminders for the corporate world: Almost everything a designer makes has behavior change built into it. The smart designers will be thinking about that as they design their products (or enhancements). We hope you enjoy this conversation with Amy as much as we did and hope that this week, you find your groove. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Amy Bucher, PhD: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amybucher/ “Engaged”: https://amzn.to/3BkG1mb “Super Better” by Jane McGonigal: https://amzn.to/2YwILOY “Atomic Habits” by James Clear: https://amzn.to/3ad9Nxn Forbes Article: “Top Behavioral Scientists You Should Know”: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alineholzwarth/2020/10/29/10-behavioral-scientists-you-should-know/?sh=72ddbe3c42e0 Pattern Health: https://pattern.health/ Ran Kivetz, PhD “Idiosyncratic Fit”: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/idiosyncratic-fit-heuristic-effort-advantage-determinant-consumer Peppers & Rogers 1:1 Marketing: https://hbr.org/1999/01/is-your-company-ready-for-one-to-one-marketing McDonald’s milkshake innovation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Stc0beAxavY Adam Hansen: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adhansen/ Bent Handle Snow Shovel: https://www.acehardware.com/departments/lawn-and-garden/snow-removal-and-equipment/snow-shovels-and-pushers/7200439 Musical Links R.E.M. “Losing My Religion”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwtdhWltSIg Michael Stipe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stipe Britney Spears: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-u5WLJ9Yk4 Robyn: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcNo07Xp8aQ The Doves “There Goes The Fear”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SneuvKIkM3A Pulp: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuTMWgOduFM Manchester Orchestra: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ui9umU0C2g Depeche Mode “Personal Jesus”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1xrNaTO1bI

Ryan McShane is the President and CEO of HR Evolution, a consultancy that designs systems that support employee alignment to organizational purpose through HR best practices, organizational development initiatives, and professional development solutions. We discussed a variety of HR related topics including psychological safety, emotional intelligence, and what can be done when it comes to improving the mindset of leaders. Ryan stressed that WIIFM (what’s in it for me) is central to the impetus to change at all levels of the organization. Plus, he offered a particularly cool insight: Change comes about when the pain of staying the same is higher than doing something different. We also discussed how the social contract between the employer and the employee has changed dramatically. And we got to hear Ryan’s rationale for being so optimistic about a future where employers need to put forth extra effort to attract and retain the best and brightest workers. It got us thinking: could the growing gig economy actually offer more value to the employees than the employers? Lastly, we appreciated Ryan’s approach to working through the pandemic and the reminder that intimidation and scare tactics have no place in today’s workplace. Frederick Taylor’s vision of work should be a thing of the past. Period. We hope you enjoy our conversation with this very bright behavioral science practitioner, and as always, let us know what you think! © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Ryan McShane: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryan-mcshane-743382a/ Ryan’s email: [email protected] HR Evolution: https://hrevolutionllc.com/ Zappos: https://www.zappos.com/ US Census Bureau Pulse Surveys: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/household-pulse-survey/data.html Schumann Resonance: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schumann_resonances#:~:text=The%20Schumann%20resonances%20(SR)%20are,Earth's%20surface%20and%20the%20ionosphere. Fredrick Taylor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor Muir Woods: https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm Musical Links Jimi Hendrix at Woodstock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xTHMDrRUKo Grateful Dead “Ripple”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yJmBC7cMTM Nirvana “About a Girl”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_24pJQUj7zg Radio Head “Hail to the Thief”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MdwaUtW_D4 Smashing Pumpkins: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins 432 Hertz Music (Musik): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dg1_DXazvKI JS Bach “Brandenburg Concerto No. 3”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdsyNwUoON0 Linda Diaz “Green Tea Ice Cream”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ursri8GmlW4 “Sunny Side of the Street”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nn3soYbSpS4 Fabiano de Nascimento: https://www.npr.org/2020/07/02/885766987/fabiano-do-nascimento-tiny-desk-home-concert Depeche Mode: http://www.depechemode.com/ Nine Inch Nails: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails Trent Reznor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Reznor

Cornelia Walther has spent most of her professional career with the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Program (WFP). She was the head of communications in large-scale emergencies in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. She earned her PhD in Law and is a certified yoga instructor and her current work is a remarkable amalgam of her studies and her life’s journey. In recent years, she developed POZE as a way of exploring the world to help uncover deeper levels of happiness. (POZE is an opening spiral that can stand for, among a few things, to Pause for a moment, Observe what’s going on around you, Zoom in on yourself, and Experience what is going on in the world.) These are wise and weighty thoughts and we thoroughly enjoyed our conversation with her. We also discussed how we are all interconnected – that your world and my world may be very different, yet we share connections if we only give ourselves the chance to experience them. The hope is that we recognize this connectedness – both at a personal level and at a larger global level – and bring greater meaning and happiness to our lives through this connectedness. One of our favorite lines from our discussion with Cornelia was this: “So driven was I by the craving for some thing or another, that I omitted to savor the beauty of now.” We all need to take a moment, pause, and savor the beauty of now. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Cornelia Walther: https://www.linkedin.com/in/corneliawalther/?originalSubdomain=ht POZE: https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/the-source/blog/blogposts-communicating-research/sdg-interview-cornelia-walther-sustainability-holistic-perspect/17463138 Gary Latham, PhD, Episode 147: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/gary-latham-phd-goal-setting-prompts-priming-and-skepticism/ Creole Language: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creole_language Brad Shuck, PhD, Episode 91: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/brad-shuck-being-ignored-is-worse-than-having-a-stapler-thrown-at-you/ Development, Humanitarian Aid and Social Welfare. Social Change from the Inside Out (May 2020): https://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9783030426095#aboutBook Humanitarian Work, Social Change, and Human behavior. Compassion for Change (June 2020):https://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9783030458775 Development and Connection in times of Covid. Corona’s Call for Conscious Choices (October 2020): https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-53641-1 Social Change from the Inside Out. From Fixation to Foundation. From Competition to Change: https://rdcu.be/b9GrF From Individual wellbeing to collective welfare: https://rb.gy/xsuauh Musical Links Pink “So What”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJfFZqTlWrQ Verdi, “Aida”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3w4I-KElxQ Dvorak, “Symphony of the New World”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_1N6_O254g Beatles, “Don’t Let Me Down”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCtzkaL2t_Y&list=PLf9cCqxaRfcMcL5yU9UZDdNJwkDNbh3ce Depeche Mode, “People Are People”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r1FVmBHbPNg Mariza, “Quem Me Dera”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sze5rpbklM Ayub Ogada, “Kothbiro”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L48PCisRZ7s Giberto Gil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECtYYiHbIcQ Fabiano do Nascimento, “Nana”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4iukkBmDGg Tim Sparks, “Klezmer Medley”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkiCFzWTYRg

Kevin Vallier, PhD is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Bowling Green State University, where he directs their Philosophy, Politics, Economics, and Law programs. Kevin’s interests span a wide spectrum including political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of religion, politics, and economics. He is the author of peer-reviewed book chapters and journal articles, and his recent books include Must Politics Be War? Restoring Our Trust in the Open Society (Oxford UP 2019) and, his newest book, Trust in a Polarized Age (Oxford UP 2020). We focused our discussion on Kevin’s philosophical viewpoint of political issues, traversing the axes of polarization and trust. We spent some time discussing how focusing on progress and process might be good short-term balms for our broken nation. We also asked him about potential solutions to our current situation in the United States and his answers might surprise you. Kevin offered approaches that only a political philosopher might have, and we enjoyed his unique perspective. His best tip for healing our nation’s divides (in the short term) might be as simple as joining a church or non-political non-profit organization to help your community. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Kevin Vallier. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Kevin Vallier, PhD: [email protected] Revolving Door: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolving_door_(politics) Ranked Choice Voting: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranked_voting Trump/Obama Valedictorian Speech: https://time.com/5302250/obama-quote-graduation-speech/ Robert Cialdini, PhD: https://www.influenceatwork.com/robert-cialdini-phd/biography/ Ideas42: https://www.ideas42.org/ Coleman’s Boat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGaz0xKG060 Robber’s Cave Experiment: https://www.simplypsychology.org/robbers-cave.html Nudge.It North: https://www.nudgeitnorth.com/ Musical Links Dolly Parton: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2RBS_U0GoQ Chet Atkins: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6cXqM21KbE Alison Kraus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To1_nOjlLBQ Maynard Ferguson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNbsnBZOwqE Sufjan Stevens: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOvSy3yepd8 Gregorian chant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuK59jQ5bwU Valaam chant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMtyTXDc9Fw Byzantine notation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_music Organum: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGZJ8XQJcmk “Be Thou My Vision”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OUqRUAbl4w

[NOTE: This episode was originally published as a Weekly Grooves podcast. We wanted to share it with our Behavioral Grooves listeners and we hope you enjoy it.] We were inspired by a recent article on CNBC’s website by Cory Steig, called “ ’Psychological safety’ at work improves productivity–here are 4 ways to get it, according to a Harvard expert.” The piece reviews some research on psychology safety that Kurt and I have been focused on for years. Psychological safety is a concept that was identified by Harvard Professor Amy Edmondson from work in the 1990’s. Professor Edmondson defines psychological safety as “a workplace where one feels that one’s voice is welcome with bad news, questions, concerns, half-baked ideas and even mistakes.” One way we experience this is when we feel that the team has my back through both good and bad. Kurt and Tim believe that psychological safety is both undervalued and under-implemented in companies today and we hope listeners can apply some of the key points in this brief discussion to their workplace. ©2020 Weekly Grooves / ©2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Kurt Nelson, PhD: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: [email protected] Psychological Safety at work improves productivity: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/05/why-psychological-safety-is-important-at-work-and-how-to-create-it.html How Making a Mistake in the Interview Could Land You the Job: https://www.vault.com/blogs/interviewing/how-making-a-mistake-in-the-interview-could-land-you-the-job Re:Work – Google shares much of the insights that they learned from Project Aristotle and how to implement those ideals: https://rework.withgoogle.com/print/guides/5721312655835136/ Forbes article by Shane Snow that overviews Psychological Safety and describes what it is and is not – nice summary that helps clarify key aspects of this concept: https://www.forbes.com/sites/shanesnow/2020/05/04/how-psychological-safety-actually-works/#51e147dbf864 How to foster psychological safety in virtual meetings: https://hbr.org/2020/08/how-to-foster-psychological-safety-in-virtual-meetings Elliot Aronson, PhD Coffee Study: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratfall_effect

Bill von Hippel, PhD is an evolutionary psychologist from Alaska who has lived in Australia for more than 20 years. Bill teaches at the University of Queensland and his body of research is so wide we struggled to focus our conversation. We spoke with him about his research into the ways in which our species’ behaviors have evolved over millions of years into the behaviors we see in our present-day lives. His insights are clever, thoughtful, and thought-provoking. We talked about reciprocity, collectivism, and most importantly, how being cooperative and social propelled our species forward well beyond anything else in the animal kingdom. We discussed Bill’s latest book, “The Social Leap.” It’s a groundbreaking thesis that applies evolutionary science to help us understand how major challenges from our past have shaped some of the most fundamental aspects of our being. One of the book’s key lessons is for us to remember that it is our collaboration, our collective abilities as a species, that sets us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. This unique capability for humans to cooperate is an important reminder these days and Bill articulated the evolution of collaboration and competition in memorable terms. We talked about the futility of not trusting your friends and the likely risk of getting lots of false positives from motivated thinking. And we discussed how social context matters when it comes to happiness. Bill explained how we choose our contexts wisely, and we do so to compare ourselves favorably to those around us. In this way, we tend to avoid comparisons with those we wouldn’t compare well to. Lastly, Bill shared an evolutionary perspective that really struck us. He noted that, as we age, we are likely to increase our reliance on stereotypes and that can lead to prejudice. As Bill suggested, to stop ourselves from this unnecessary psychological deterioration, we should slow down our judgments and ask if we’re feeling this way because of that person’s group membership or gender or whatever. Stop, pause, and give it some consideration. Bill was recommended to us by Roy Baumeister and we’re grateful for the introduction as well as Bill’s generous conversation. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Bill and that you go out and find your groove this week. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Bill Von Hippel, PhD: https://psychology.uq.edu.au/profile/3034/bill-von-hippel University of Queensland: https://www.uq.edu.au/ “The Social Leap”: https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-social-leap-william-von-hippel?variant=32207123873826 Peter Singer, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Singer Homo Erectus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_erectus Michael Tomasello, PhD: https://psychandneuro.duke.edu/people/michael-tomasello Seth Stephens-Davidowitz “Everybody Lies”: http://sethsd.com/everybodylies Dan Ariely on comparison: https://theconversation.com/the-decoy-effect-how-you-are-influenced-to-choose-without-really-knowing-it-111259 Ed Diener on “Wealth and happiness across the world”: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20565185/ Embouchure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embouchure#:~:text=Embouchure%20(English%3A%20%2F%CB%88%C9%92,mouthpiece%20of%20a%20brass%20instrument. Musical Links Lynyrd Skynyrd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxIWDmmqZzY Boston: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uc78RnDRQ_4 Israel Kaʻanoʻi Kamakawiwoʻole “Somewhere Over the Rainbow”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_DKWlrA24k Mozart: Sonata in C, K. 545, Allegro: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xeAsc6m35w Keith Moon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5Up-qHTJdY Rush “Tom Sawyer”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrhnhXHVSQg Neal Peart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWRMOJQDiLU Max Weinberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zylXeuWPk9o Led Zeppelin “Stairway to Heaven”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbhCPt6PZIU Bob Dylan “Like a Rolling Stone”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Xz7WfVYxok Al Kooper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZGN7T70rgY Max Weinberg Experience: https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-ott-max-weinberg-springsteen-0413-story.html

World Kindness Day is November 13th and has been celebrated in many countries around the world since 1998. World Kindness Day was developed to promote good deeds in communities and focus on how kindness binds us together. Around the world are efforts to encourage “random acts of kindness” for others and acting in a more kind way. We decided to look at kindness in general through a behavioral science lens. Webster’s definition of “kind” is “of a sympathetic or helpful nature; being gentle.” In other words, kindness is basically doing something nice for someone. A Mother Jones article about World Kindness day, by Daniel King, states, “Don’t worry, kindness is not niceness,” so we looked at how the University of Santa Clara differentiates between KIND and NICE. They used an example of how holding the door for others can be described as either “nice” or “kind.” If the underlying motivation is to create a favorable impression for the purpose of asking for a favor later, then the action can be considered NICE due to its pleasing effect. On the other hand, if the motivation is to spare the other person from extra effort or inconvenience, then the action can be considered KIND (as well as nice) if it pleases the other person. We encourage each and every one of you around the world today to show some act of kindness to a loved one, friend or stranger. And we hope you enjoy this episode. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Science Made Fun: Celebrating World Kindness Day: https://sciencemadefun.net/blog/world-kindness-day/ World Kindness Day: https://worldkindness.org/be-involved/ Mother Jones: Kindness Day is Actually a Day: https://www.motherjones.com/recharge/2020/10/world-kindness-day/ World Kindness Day in Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Kindness_Day Psychology Today: The Importance of Kindness: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/pieces-mind/201712/the-importance-kindness Time: Random Acts of Kindness make Marriage Better: https://time.com/4674982/kindness-compassion-marriage/ Rewards of Kindness Hui, B. P. H., Ng, J. C. K., Berzaghi, E., Cunningham-Amos, L. A., & Kogan, A. (2020). Rewards of kindness? A meta-analysis of the link between prosociality and well-being. Psychological Bulletin.: https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fbul0000298 Psychology Today: Random Acts of Kindness Matter to Your Well Being: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/emotional-nourishment/201711/why-random-acts-kindness-matter-your-well-being Being Kind, Not Nice: https://www.scu.edu/the-big-q/being-nice-vs-being-kind/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CNice%E2%80%9D%20is%20defined%20as%20%E2%80%9C,way%20they%20treat%20each%20other.

[NOTE: This episode was originally published under our sister-podcast, Weekly Grooves. We are republishing it here to share relevant behavioral science information. We hope you enjoy it.] We saw an article in The Atlantic that caught our attention because of its hook into behavioral science: our willingness to believe disinformation. In this week’s episode, we talk about the underlying behavioral science into why we humans are so susceptible to information that is not accurate. What can we do? We can use the OODA loop to interrupt our too-quick decision to simply accept suspicious content: Observe – Orient – Decide – Act. The OODA loop, in a very simplistic manner uses these four elements in this way: to take in and observe the context in which you’re seeing this information; orient yourself with the source in a critical way; make a decision by asking, “if this is from someone I might not trust, would I still believe it?”; and take action by deleting content created to DIS-inform you. And since our podcast is relatively new, we are very interested in knowing how you think we’re doing. Please leave us a review or drop us a line. @THoulihan or @WhatMotivates Disinformation: “False information, which is intended to mislead, especially propaganda issued by a government organization to a rival power or the media.” Misinformation: “False or inaccurate information, especially that which is deliberately intended to deceive.” Conspiracy Theory: “A belief that some covert but influential organization is responsible for a circumstance or event.” © 2020 Weekly Grooves / © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links “The Billion Dollar Disinformation Campaign to Reelect the President,” by McKay Coppins in The Atlantic: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/03/the-2020-disinformation-war/605530/ The Donation of Constantine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donation_of_Constantine The National Enquirer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Enquirer The Daily Mail: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mail The Messenger Effect: https://www.nber.org/papers/w25632.pdf OODA Loop: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop Leveraging the OODA Loop with Digital Analytics to Counter Disinformation, by Jami Carroll (2019): https://search.proquest.com/openview/0a78c42e27ef89dab1bd4969bd6d0974/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=396497 Viktor Frankl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Frankl FactCheck.org: https://www.factcheck.org/ Snopes: https://www.snopes.com/about-snopes/ Gallup Polls Believing in the Media: https://news.gallup.com/poll/267047/americans-trust-mass-media-edges-down.aspx

CORRECTION: In this episode, we incorrectly state that Michael Hallsworth started the BIT North American team. In fact, the BIT North America team was founded in 2015 by Elspeth Kirkman. Under Elspeth’s leadership, the team delivered over 100 trials to cities across the US before she returned to the UK in 2018, which was when Michael Hallsworth came to Brooklyn to manage the group. We regret the error and thank Elizabeth Linos, PhD for calling attention to it. In their book, “Behavioral Insights,” Michael Hallsworth and Elspeth Kirkman took time to think through the critical steps in the design and execution of a behavioral intervention. It’s a framework that could be applied to any significant behavior change you might consider and it comes from a book that Kurt and Tim consider among the best of 2020. Michael Hallsworth is the Managing Director of the North American Behavioral Insights Team and has helped develop frameworks such as MINDSPACE and EAST. He is a thoughtful researcher with outstanding work to his credit; at the same time, he’s quick to point out when his research ideas don’t play out as he expected them to. Elspeth Kirkman helped open the North American BIT unit but is now back in London, where she is responsible for BIT’s work on health, education, and local government. We first featured Elspeth for her work on frameworks and models in Episode 166 and we're so happy to see that she and Michael co-authored what we consider one of the best behavioral science books of 2020. Their book, “Behavioral Insights,” was commissioned and published by MIT Press for their Essential Knowledge Series. The book very explicitly outlines HOW to design and implement a behavior change initiative. Their 10-step model carefully lays out this process and we were extremely happy to see that the first 7 steps are all about design. We discussed ethics and transparency in the way interventions are implemented. These considerations are central to much of the work that they do, especially when it comes to the development of governmental policies. We also discussed rationality and who gets to decide what is rational and what isn’t. This was a particularly powerful concept since we know that humans do a great job defending their actions. To what degree is it rational or rationalizing? Regrettably, due to time constraints, we were not able to chat about music. We’ll save it for next time. Right now, we hope you enjoy our conversation with Elspeth and Michael. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Michael Hallsworth: @mhallsworth Elspeth Kirkman: @karminker “Behavioral Insights”: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/behavioral-insights Menorca Island: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menorca Gerd Gigerenzer: https://www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de/staff/gerd-gigerenzer Dan Ariely, “Predictably Irrational”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictably_Irrational Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit?usp=sharing Eugen Dimant, Episode 169: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/eugen-dimant-phd-what-to-do-about-bad-apples/ NYC Cab Driver Study (Loewenstein, Thaler, Babcock and Camerer): https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/loewenstein/NYCCabdrivers.pdf Behavioral Grooves Episode 41 on Hallsworth: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/michael-hallsworth-from-mindspace-to-east/ Behavioral Grooves 100th Episode: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/the-100th-episode-celebration-in-philadelphia/ Behavioral Grooves Episode 166 on Kirkman: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/elspeth-kirkman-best-models-for-identifying-a-problem/ Nudge.It North: https://www.nudgeitnorth.com/learn Kurt Nelson, PhD: @whatmotivates Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan

[NOTE: This episode was originally published under our sister-podcast, Weekly Grooves. In our effort to share relevant behavioral science information, we are republishing it here. We hope you enjoy it.] Listeners, especially in the United States, are already aware of the debacle from the Iowa Caucuses and how the Iowa Democratic party used a new app to help streamline the caucus results. You’re probably also aware that the processes and technologies failed, and results were not available for days afterwards. The delay has caused a plethora of online conspiracy theories and that’s our topic for this week. In the absence of good data, we make it up. Some of the richest conspiracy theories Kurt and Tim found include: 1.) The Democratic party didn’t like the results that they were seeing, so they were changing them. 2.) The Russians or the Chinese had hacked the app and were messing with us. 3.) The Republicans had hacked the app and were trying to rig the election. 4.) Hillary Clinton had helped build the app and was using it to get back at Sanders. And our all-time favorite conspiracy theory (5.) involves the Illuminati and how they were controlling the outcome. With all this swirling around, Kurt and Tim discuss why it’s humans to engage in conspiracy theories and some of their psychological underpinnings, the personality types that are most prone to believing a conspiracy theory, and what we can do to inoculate ourselves from this sort of thinking. We are reason-seeking machines and are more likely to ask “why” before we fully understand “what” happened. Join us for a quick review of why we experience conspiracy theories in the first place and what we can do about them. © 2020 Weekly Grooves / © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Kurt Nelson, PhD: @WhatMotivates Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan Links Online conspiracy theories flourish after Iowa caucus fiasco: https://apnews.com/8ae0e5172130f81265172fbd3e65094a The Psychology of Conspiracy Theories, 2017, Douglas, Sutton and Cichocka: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0963721417718261 The psychology of conspiracy theories: Why do people believe them, John Grohol PsyD: https://psychcentral.com/blog/the-psychology-of-conspiracy-theories-why-do-people-believe-them/ Closed Belief System: https://issuepedia.org/Closed_belief_system Conspiracy theories: the science behind belief in secret plots, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2013/sep/05/conspiracy-theories-science-belief-secret-plots Fundamental Attribution Error: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_attribution_error Hanlon’s Razor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlon%27s_razor Illuminati: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170809-the-accidental-invention-of-the-illuminati-conspiracy Lantian, A., Muller, D., Nurra, C., Douglas, K. (2017). “‘I know things they don’t know!’: The role of need for uniqueness in belief in conspiracy theories,” Social Psychology, 48, 160-173 Mercier, H. & Sperber, D., “Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory” BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2011) 34, 57–111 doi:10.1017/S0140525X10000968 Motivated Reasoning: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivated_reasoning Oliver, Eric on “Big Brains” Episode 25: https://news.uchicago.edu/podcasts/big-brains/science-conspiracy-theories-and-political-polarization-eric-oliver Pareidolia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareidolia Pattern Recognition: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_(psychology) Pattern Recognition: The Science Behind Conspiracy Theories, Steven Novella: https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/why-do-we-give-into-conspiracy-thinking/ Project Mogul: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Mogul Resulting (Annie Duke): https://www.annieduke.com/how-to-make-the-right-decisions-even-when-you-dont-have-all-the-facts/

Jez Groom and April Vellacott, our guests in this episode, are co-authors of “Ripple - The Big Effects of Small Behavior Changes in Business.” It’s a practical, application-focused romp that uses a behavioral science lens to solve all sorts of real-world problems. Jez Groom is the founder of Cowry Consulting and has established himself as one of the world's leading practitioners in the field. Jez has played instrumental roles in projects like Babies in the Borough – which we featured in Episode 167 – that used murals of babies faces to fight crime, to changing handwashing behavior in a slaughterhouse in Santiago, to using bright pink walls to reduce unsafe behavior on a high-rise construction site in London. He is also an Honorary Research Fellow at the Department of Psychology at City University, London. April Vellacott is the Behavioral Consulting Lead at Cowry. Aside from being a dedicated and experienced practitioner, she holds degrees in Psychology and Behavior Change. Owning the heavy lifting for the book, April stole the show with some of the best lines (see “you can’t make a bucket without bucketloads of money”). We urge you to check out their book as it’s more than just informative, it’s also a pleasure to read. In our conversation with Jez and April, we discussed the salient points from the book, the case study format they used, the very international feel from those case studies, and some of the techniques they’ve used to get business professionals to adopt behavioral science. We also covered a key pillar of their personal and professional missions: to demystify and democratize behavioral science. It’s a terrific conversation and we hope you’ll enjoy it as much as we did. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Jez Groom: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jezgroom/ April Vellacott: https://www.linkedin.com/in/april-vellacott-68b08257/ Cowry Consulting: https://www.cowryconsulting.com/ “Ripple”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49190518-ripple Rory Sutherland: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rorysutherland/ Daniel Levitin “This is Your Brain on Music”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Levitin Adam Hansen: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adhansen/ Diversifi: https://www.diversifiglobal.com/ Episode 167 – Babies in the Borough: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/how-babies-faces-on-shop-doors-can-reduce-crime-with-tara-austin/ Musical Links John Legend “Wild”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=279RNoP5UyU House Music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBJk0Tq3JDU Stormzy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-EW4-B11hw Drill: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_music Flava Flav: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavor_Flav Public Enemy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Enemy Sade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcPc18SG6uA

[NOTE: This episode was originally published under our sister-podcast, Weekly Grooves. In our effort to share relevant behavioral science information, we are republishing it here. We hope you enjoy it.] Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Noah Weiland of The New York Times wrote an article titled, “Study Finds ‘Single Largest Driver’ of Coronavirus Misinformation: Trump.” The article is based on research from the Cornell Alliance for Science that analyzed over 38 million articles around the world on the pandemic. They found that “Mentions of Trump made up nearly 38% of the overall “misinformation conversation,” making the president the largest driver of the “infodemic.” Of the 38 million articles on the pandemic, 1.1 million of them “disseminated, amplified or reported on misinformation related to the pandemic.” The study found 11 topics of misinformation that were prevalent in these articles – ranging from the pandemic being a hoax facilitated by the Democrats to the virus being a deep state or bioweapon of China to the most common one – miracle cures. Kurt and Tim decided to break down the discussion into three parts: 1.) The psychology of misinformation. 2.) The messenger effect and 3.) The psychology behind why Donald Trump might be doing this. © 2020 Weekly Grooves / © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links “Study Finds 'Single Largest Driver' of Coronavirus Misinformation: Trump”: https://news.yahoo.com/study-finds-single-largest-driver-120309389.html CORONAVIRUS MISINFORMATION: Quantifying sources and themes in the COVID-19 ‘infodemic’: https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Evanega-et-al-Coronavirus-misinformationFINAL.pdf What drove the COVID misinformation ‘infodemic’: https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/2020/10/what-drove-the-covid-misinformation-infodemic/ “Messengers: Who We Listen To, Who We Don’t, and Why”: https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/43522604

The presidential election is going full tilt in the United States and we want to emphasize the importance of acting on your constitutional rights if you are eligible to vote here. However, Kurt and Tim’s Behavioral Grooves is in the running for Best Podcast and Best YouTube on Samuel Salzer’s Habit Weekly Annual Awards. We’d love it if you’d take this opportunity to cast a vote in our direction. Thank you! Voting for Habit Weekly: https://samuelsalzer1.typeform.com/to/vDs1cWlD Voting in US Presidential Election: https://www.usa.gov/election

Jessica Mayhew, PhD teaches Biological Anthropology as well as Primate Culture & Cognition at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. She got our attention when her comments about how primates play together are related to the way humans play. Not that that in and of itself is a big surprise, but the way we play and the context we play in are – of course – highly influential in how we play. She reminded us about the important role reciprocity has in the animal kingdom, just as it does among humans. She talked about context and environment and she gave us a couple of key examples. She noted how primate communities that value cooperation with their juveniles end up with adults that cooperate. And the opposite is true as well. Highly competitive groups foster more competitive behaviors in their juveniles. Kinda gets you thinking about human communities, right? Jessica inspires us with her interdisciplinary focus and the way she’s always looking for ways to cross into new fields. That’s why we call her a hedgefox: she’s super deep into primatology, but she also likes to dabble in anthropology and other disciplines as well. And, in a related note, she reminded us that none of us are disconnected from the whole – we are all a part of the same ecosystem, and we can take a lesson from that. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Jessica Mayhew, PhD: https://www.cwu.edu/anthropology/jessica-mayhew Mia Hamm: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Hamm Scottie Pippen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottie_Pippen Jane Goodall: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall Dian Fossey: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey Birutė Galdikas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas “Clue” Movie on Monkey’s Brains: https://getyarn.io/yarn-clip/dff98e0a-f5c1-42f9-9124-478c1e070e37 “Where the Wild Things Play,” by Erik Vance in The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/parenting/animal-behavior-play-games.html Frans de Waal “Mama’s Last Hug”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/45894068-mama-s-last-hug “Homo Ludens”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_Ludens Michael Boden, Episode 136: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/covid-19-crisis-michael-boden-on-how-field-sales-reps-are-adapting-to-the-crisis/ Diversifi: https://www.diversifiglobal.com/ Jez Groom/Cowry Consulting: https://www.cowryconsulting.com/ Minneapolis Uses Opera to Reduce Crime: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2006/04/06/opera-fights-crime-on-block-e Todd Fonseca, Episode 8: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/the-value-of-understanding-microexpressions-for-leaders/ Musical Links Yo-Yo Ma: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uiUHvET_jg Pablo Casals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhcjeZ3o5us Kendrick Lamar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvTRZJ-4EyI Planet Earth II Soundtrack: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpgvmHBpatA

Kwame Christian, Esq. is the author of “Nobody Will Play With Me: How to Use Compassionate Curiosity to Find Confidence in Conflict.” He is the host of two podcasts, “Negotiate Anything” and “Ask With Confidence.” He is a professor at The Ohio State University Law School and is the director of the American Negotiation Institute. Kwame’s educational background combines an undergraduate degree in psychology, a masters in public policy, and a juris doctor. Yup – a classic underachiever. (NOT) Kurt and Tim got to talk to Kwame about the behavioral science hidden in his practical techniques. For instance, we discussed how to be more effective in negotiations by managing our emotions and how to reframe our negotiations as opportunities. He went on to say that negotiations are really “the art of discovery.” We also discussed the decades-old myth of the win-win negotiation – you guessed right: it’s a myth! Kwame also dropped more sound-bite bombs in our conversation than any other guest. There are tons and tons of takeaways from this conversation that you can put to use in your work or home life right away. And if that’s not enough, he’s got the most eclectic musical tastes of any guest on Behavioral Grooves so far. Check it out. We are grateful to our friend Brian Ahearn who introduced us to Kwame in May 2020. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Kwame Christian on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kwamechristian/ Kwame on Twitter: @KwameNegotiates Kwame on Negotiations: https://americannegotiationinstitute.com/ Kwame (and Kai) on Instagram: KwameNegotates Finding Confidence in Conflict: How to Negotiate Anything and Live Your Best Life: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/54736049-finding-confidence-in-conflict Kwame’s Podcast Negotiate Anything: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/negotiate-anything/id1101679010 Kwame’s TED talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6Zg65eK9XU Kwame as Ohio State Law Professor: https://moritzlaw.osu.edu/faculty/kwame-christian/ Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/about/pac-20384610 Matthew Walker, “Why We Sleep”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34466963-why-we-sleep Them-Us-Fit-Action: https://blog.cmbinfo.com/crc-2018-how-to-engage-todays-corporate-research-buyer Musical Links Bob Marley “Wait in Vain”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtgP0EQmWVk Calypso: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpUh5wUBkbM Soca (Soul Calypso): https://medium.com/@jada.steuart/soca-then-and-now-d5674e9f2b0c Reggae: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyscBx0UWkY Dub Step: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQ1txLdu6qg Hip-hop: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4t-BLUi3eAI Rap: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGj3nv36M1o Ska: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Weu3b8Nd40 Smooth Jazz: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--cmYzvVASc AC/DC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC/DC “Under the Graveyard” by Ozzie Osbourne: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuzyA5gDa4E Major Lazer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqeW9_5kURI The Clash “Should I Stay or Should I Go”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGIFublvDes The Police: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4VjsqR5Vbc George Benson “Breezin”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVc5rCl0BIs Grover Washington “Just the Two of Us”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqX7WX6jFdw David Benoit “Lucy and Linus”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOg17QnLGVs Earl Klugh & Bob James: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTOZxnBEPJA Lee Ritenour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMXCSiufPYA The Rippingtons: https://www.rippingtons.com/

Matt Johnson, PhD and Prince Ghuman are the authors of “Blindsight: the mostly hidden ways marketing shapes our brains.” We caught up with them to discuss the book, basketball, ethics, and old school hip hop. Matt is a professor at Hult International Business School and he likes to explore the intersections of neuroscience, psychology, and consumerism in his graduate and undergraduate classes. Prince is also at Hult International Business School where he teaches marketing. He is also the founder of PopNeuro, a firm that helps companies to ethically apply neuroscience to their marketing strategies. In our conversation, Matt and Prince introduced us to a new term in neuromarketing they call mid liminal. Not subliminal, but mid liminal. We also talked about the natural partnership between neuroscience and marketing and we covered one of our favorite linguistic games – the Kiki and Bouba studies. Most importantly, we discussed their views on the ethical application of neuromarketing. We also want to note that Prince and Matt are hosting the World’s First Neuromarketing Certification Bootcamp. It will be held live on December 4th through the 6th of 2020. They will be condensing years of neuroscience and marketing insights into a three-day Bootcamp with the intent of outfitting professionals with the latest tools in neuromarketing. Best yet for those looking to build credibility at work: successfully completing the Bootcamp earns you a certification. They also shared a link to the Bootcamp along with a special code (GROOVES) to save $500 off of the registration fee. Use the link in the notes below and type in GROOVES to receive your discount. Of course, this fantastic discount code is ONLY available to listeners of Behavioral Grooves. We encourage you to check it out as we think these guys have a lot to share. Thanks for listening and we hope you go out and find your groove this week. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Matt Johnson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattjohnsonisme/ Prince Ghuman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/princeghuman/ “Blindsight”: getbook.at/blindsight Neuromarketing Certification Course: https://www.popneuro.com/neuromarketing-bootcamp Special Discount Code: GROOVES Master Classes: https://www.popneuro.com Nick Van Exel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Van_Exel Steph Curry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Curry Klay Thompson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klay_Thompson Wine Shop Study: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232593421_The_Influence_of_In-Store_Music_on_Wine_Selections Kiki and Bouba Effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouba/kiki_effect Phillip Kotler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Kotler OCEAN/BIG 5: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits Cass Sunstein on Ethics: http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/papers/pdf/Sunstein_809.pdf Charlotte Blank on Don’t Be Creepy episode 9: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/dont-be-creepy-data-transparency-with-charlotte-blank/ Porsche: https://www.porsche.com/usa/ Breitling: https://www.breitling.com/us-en/ Purple: https://purple.com/ Serta: https://www.serta.com/ IKEA: https://www.ikea.com/us/en/ Sleep Number Bed: https://www.sleepnumber.com/ Onomatopoeia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBQCgjo1QTU Kurt Nelson, PhD: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: [email protected] Musical Links “Old Town Road” remix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ysFgElQtjI Grandmaster Flash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PobrSpMwKk4 Busy Bee Starski: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busy_Bee_Starski Tribe Called Quest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tribe_Called_Quest Van Morrison: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Morrison The Beatles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYvkICbTZIQ Al Green “Let’s Stay Together”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSu6tcbMOu0 Beatnick Music: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatnik Flora Cash: https://www.floracash.com/ Sea Wolf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF3sOmW6jCA Iron & Wine: http://ironandwine.com/ Angus & Julia Stone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY7MqreuccI Ministry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Fx_IkuTRp0 Debussy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ip64cG7gK4 Hank Williams: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yCQraOX4Bw The Romantics “What I Like About You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rqnw5IfbZOU

Annie Duke first guested on Behavioral Grooves on Episode 31, which was released on September 30, 2018. For some reason, the three of us hit it off and we’ve had the pleasure of each other’s company for several more episodes (more than any other guest). She even asked Kurt and Tim to provide some feedback on an early draft of her latest book. With that background, Kurt and Tim sat down with Annie to talk about the new book (hitting the store shelves on October 13, 2020), the key themes in it, and the decision tools a reader can put to use in their own life. We love it and we hope you get a copy of “How To Decide: Simple Tools for Making Better Choices.” “How To Decide” is really the first of its kind as a book that offers decision tools that the reader can try out through Annie’s guided narrative and exercises. Better decision making can lead to all sorts of improvements in your life, including more happiness, and our guest is all about people living happier lives. As much as we love books describing the neuroscience behind decision making and the behavioral consequences of the biases and heuristics that impact our decisions, we find “How To Decide” to be a fantastic journey into the practical world of the tools to help you make better decisions. To emphasize these principles, Annie talked about the Archer’s Mindset, Free Rolls, and how negative thinking can be a boon to your goal setting and goal achievement. Of course, there’s a mention of Jack White, her musical hero, and lots of pop references from the mind of a certifiable news junkie (at least these days). We hope you enjoy our conversation with Annie, and we ask that you take a moment to subscribe to our Patreon page. For the price of one coffee per month, you can advance our mission to bring insights from thought leaders, researchers and practitioners to those who are curious about behavioral science. We hope you go out and find your groove this week with the help of Annie’s decision-making tools. [Photo of Annie by Jessica Evelynka] © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Annie Duke: https://www.annieduke.com/ “How to Decide: Simple Tools for Making Better Choices”: https://amzn.to/3FraukT Alliance for Decision Making: https://www.alliancefordecisioneducation.org/ False Dichotomy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_dilemma Robert Cialdini, PhD: https://www.robertcialdinibf.com/ Michael Phelps on the Worst Case Scenario: https://www.inc.com/wanda-thibodeaux/michael-phelps-uses-this-mental-trick-to-prepare-for-any-difficult-situation.html Cass Sunstein & Annie Duke on Free Rolling: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3658663 Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit Perry Mason (2020 TV series): https://www.hbo.com/perry-mason Elizabeth Schoenfelt, PhD study: http://www.wku.edu/Dept/Support/AcadAffairs/Spring03/Game.pdf Lantern Group: www.lanterngroup.com BehaviorAlchemy: www.behavioralchemy.com Patreon Site: www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves Musical Links Drake: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_(musician) Jack White: https://www.today.com/popculture/saturday-night-live-jack-white-honor-eddie-van-halen-snl-t193951 The Beatles: https://www.thebeatles.com/

Andy Luttrell, PhD is an assistant professor of psychological science at Ball State University and the podcaster/host of Opinion Science, one of Kurt and Tim’s favorites. Andy’s research centers on people’s opinions, including when and how attitudes change. More importantly, Andy is curious about what happens when people moralize their attitudes and how moral arguments can sometimes be compelling and sometimes backfire. Our conversation focused on these areas and we loved the research Andy presented. We were particularly interested in hearing about how people who based their positions on careful analysis tend to be the ones who open enough to be persuaded with the right argument. So our willingness to be open to a fresh idea is in part based on how strong or weak the arguments were in coming to our own conclusions. We found the research fascinating that indicates that people with weak arguments are harder to persuade to new ideas. That was a head-scratcher. Our discussion also covered some thoughtful positions on the so-called Replication Crisis and Andy’s first-hand experience with replication – and non-replication – was insightful. We also want to remind you that Andy’s podcast, Opinion Science, is one of our favorite podcasts – period. We highly recommend it. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Andy Luttrell, PhD: http://www.andyluttrell.com/ Opinion Science Podcast: http://opinionsciencepodcast.com/episodes/ Richard Petty, PhD: https://psychology.osu.edu/people/petty.1 Arie W. Kruglanski, PhD: Need for Closure: https://psyc.umd.edu/facultyprofile/kruglanski/arie PSA (Public Service Announcement): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_service_announcement Matt Feinberg and Rob Willer on Moral Reframing: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337861541_Moral_reframing_A_technique_for_effective_and_persuasive_communication_across_political_divides Moral Foundations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory Registered Report Experiments: https://www.cos.io/initiatives/registered-reports RadioLab: https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/radiolab 99% Invisible: https://99percentinvisible.org/ Petty, DeMarree, Brinol, Xia, “Documenting individual differences in the propensity to hold attitudes with certainty”: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-45471-001 Musical Links Weird Al Yankovic: https://www.weirdal.com/ Blue Man Group: https://www.blueman.com/ “Robots” Movie Sound Track: https://music.apple.com/us/album/robots-the-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/723430411

Eli Finkel, PhD is a social psychology professor who studies interpersonal attraction, marriage, and how our social relationships influence our goal achievement. He is the author of the bestselling book The All-Or-Nothing Marriage: How the Best Marriages Work and is a professor at Northwestern University, where he has appointments in the psychology department and the Kellogg School of Management. In his role as director of Northwestern’s Relationships and Motivation Lab (RAMLAB), he has published over150 scientific papers and is a contributor to the Op-Ed page of The New York Times. Eli got our attention because his book points to some very important tips about how to make the best of a relationship during a global pandemic. We thought it would be good to check in with him. He also shared a historical perspective on marriage that is instrumental in understanding how marriage got to where it is today and why marriage is so much more complicated, for some people, than it has ever been. Thanks for listening. If you enjoy what you hear there are three things that you can choose to do: first, leave a quick 5-star rating, second, write a brief review, and lastly, you could subscribe on our Patreon site at www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves. Thanks for your help and keep on grooving. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Eli Finkel, PhD: https://elifinkel.com/about-eli “The All or Nothing Marriage”: https://elifinkel.com/allornothingmarriage/ Romeo & Juliet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet Tristan & Isolde: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult Anna Karenina: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina The Scarlet Letter: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter “Wild”: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2305051/ “Eat Pray Love”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat_Pray_Love Netscape Navigator: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape_Navigator eHarmony: https://www.eharmony.com/ Nate Silver “The Signal and The Noise”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13588394-the-signal-and-the-noise John Gottman, PhD: https://www.gottman.com/ Brad Shuck, PhD: https://louisville.edu/education/faculty/shuck Indian Matchmaking: https://www.netflix.com/title/80244565 Musical Links Nirvana “Nevermind”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIGl_qth81c Pearl Jam: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qM0zINtulhM Alice In Chains: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWK0kqjPSVI Red Hot Chili Peppers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlUKcNNmywk Screaming Trees: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE5f561Y1x4 Poison: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCChxBSRo1Y

[NOTE: You may or may not know that Kurt and Tim host a sibling podcast called Weekly Grooves. We thought this was such an important topic that we wanted to share it with the Behavioral Grooves community.] We got a call recently from Eugen Dimant, a friend of ours who is an associate professor in behavioral and decision sciences at the University of Pennsylvania, about how the University of Michigan was trying to let students know that they should only gather in groups of 25 of less. Eugen suggested we tee it up as a topical issue for Weekly Grooves and we readily agreed. It led to a discussion about what colleges are doing to regulate student activites to contain the coronavirus, the punishments involved in breaking those regulations, the environment in which students make deicisons on how to behave, and the importance of proper communication. Also, in this episode we include some of the conversation we had with Eugen, which is a departure from our standard approach and we hope you enjoy it. Eugen’s insights from a sociological perspective make for important reminders in an age when when the words we choose to communicate impacts whether get sick or not people. As always, please let us know what you think and share it with a friend or colleague. © 2020 Weekly Grooves Links Eugen Dimant, PhD: https://www.lps.upenn.edu/degree-programs/mbds/faculty/eugen-dimant University of Michigan Tweet: https://twitter.com/UMich/status/1299069416202739712 University of Alabama outbreaks: https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/29/us/university-of-alabama-covid-19-cases-trnd/index.html

Eric Oliver, PhD is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago. Although the majority of his work is squarely in the realm of how we view our political systems and make political decisions, some of his work echoes moral psychology and sociology, and we find it fascinating. And, frankly, some of it is just downright fun to talk about. Eric’s observations come from more than 20 years of research, dozens of peer-reviewed papers, and he is the author of 5 books on political science. We specifically talked about how liberals and conservatives name their children, the rise of intuitionism, having dinner with a sports star rather than a rock star, and of course, he spoke in-depth about conspiracy theories. Most importantly, he walked us through some key aspects of how to have a conversation with someone who is on the opposite side of the conspiracy-theory belief system and, interestingly enough, it begins with empathy. Listen to the entire episode to hear all his insights and research anecdotes. They’ll put a smile on your face as well as fresh ideas into your brain! We have been fans of his work for some time and are grateful that Eric shared his insights with us. We think you’ll become a fan, too, if you’re not already one. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Eric Oliver, PhD: https://political-science.uchicago.edu/directory/eric-oliver Jonathan Haidt, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Haidt James Frazer, “The Golden Bough”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Bough Katherine Surma on Credulity: https://www.jericoliver.com/uploads/1/1/8/9/118973414/surmaoliver3.5.18-final.pdf Laurie Santos, PhD: The Joe Effect: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GimHHAID_P0 Steve Kerr: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Kerr Colin Kaepernick: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick Charles Manson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson Musical Links LCD Sound System: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqq3BtGrpU8 Kurt Weil: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Weill Phillip Glass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M73x3O7dhmg Keith Richards and Chuck Berry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERVLy-ltjHs

Roy Baumeister, PhD is a world-renowned researcher known for his work on the subjects of willpower, self-control, and self-esteem and how they relate to human morality and success. Most recently, he is the author of The Power of Bad, with John Tierney, which explores how powerful bad experiences can be and how life is better when we seek out the good. We discussed a bit of the new book as well as some of his highly researched topics. Roy’s peer-reviewed papers have been cited more than 200,000 times and he’s published more than 30 books. As one might imagine, our conversation was packed with insights into how we feel, think and act based on the complex ways we view and experience the world. We felt like we were starting a master class when we hit the record button and we love sharing this conversation with you. Suffice it to say, we thoroughly enjoyed our conversation with this pioneer and we hope you do too. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Roy Baumeister, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Baumeister George Loewenstein, PhD: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/people/faculty/george-loewenstein.html “The Power of Bad”: https://roybaumeister.com/books/ Dan Gilbert, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Gilbert_(psychologist) John Gottman, PhD: https://www.gottman.com/author/john-gottman-ph-d/ Suzanne Segerstrom, PhD: https://psychology.as.uky.edu/users/scsege0 Mark Maraven, PhD: https://www.albany.edu/psychology/faculty/mark-muraven John Cacioppo, PhD: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/john-t-cacioppo-pioneer-and-founder-field-social-neuroscience-1951-2018 Musical Links YoYo Ma: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1prweT95Mo0 Louis Armstrong: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmfeKUNDDYs John Coletrane: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsBbM5PIAHk Miles Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqNTltOGh5c Cannonball Adderley: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mN1SwOdbdBU Big Bands: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGq-eCoPSwA Bix Beiderbeck: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW7YYt0F-K4 John McLaughlin: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHbLq694PoU Stan Getz: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqQWVrfjatA Snarky Puppy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk0WRHV_vt8 Ministry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXCh9OhDiCI

Susan Hunt Stevens is the Founder and CEO of WeSpire, a technology platform that helps achieve the company’s goals through better employee engagement. WeSpire delivers applications at scale including sustainability, diversity and inclusion; moreover, they enable employees to be recognized for shaping a welcoming community both inside and outside the firm. We talked to Susan about her observations on the value of building diverse teams, the creation of the psychologically safe workplace, and most importantly, the ethical application of behavioral science. She shared seven simple questions, created by Amy Edmonson, PhD at Harvard, to identify the levels of psychological safety within her client organizations. We encourage you to consider them for yourself. If you make a mistake on this team, it is often held against you. Members of this team are able to bring up problems and tough issues. People on this team sometimes reject others for being different. It is safe to take a risk on this team. It is difficult to ask other members of this team for help. No one on this team would deliberately act in a way that undermines my efforts. Working with members of this team, my unique skills and talents are valued and utilized. Susan’s insightful comments mix a passion for the application of good research and a desire to help build productive, profitable organizations that treat their people with respect. We also want to give a special shout to Emily Wagner for turning us on to Susan’s work. Thank you, Emily! © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Susan Hunt Stevens: https://www.linkedin.com/in/huntstevens/ WeSpire: https://www.wespire.com/ Amy Edmondson, PhD: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6451 Nir Eyal “Hooked”: https://www.nirandfar.com/hooked/ How to Measure Psychological Safety on Your Team: https://www.business2community.com/strategy/measure-psychological-safety-team-01730787 “I Hired a Wife” article: https://medium.com/@chrismorgan_1657/i-hired-a-wife-and-my-career-took-off-16dc8ae481fe Cass Sunstein Ethics Guide: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2526341 Susan Cain “Quiet”: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8520610-quiet Google’s Project Aristotle: https://www.inc.com/michael-schneider/google-thought-they-knew-how-to-create-the-perfect.html Musical Links Irish Step Dancing from Riverdance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B718RsboGEI Drop Kick Murphys: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-64CaD8GXw Abba “Dancing Queen”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFrGuyw1V8s

[NOTE: Republished in its entirety from original episode #104 on December 15, 2019.] Eugen Dimant, PhD is a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Master of Behavioral and Decision Sciences Department and a Senior Research Fellow at the Identity and Conflict Lab, Political Science Department – both at the University of Pennsylvania. His research is rooted in economics and sits at the crossroads of experimental behavioral economics, behavioral ethics, crime, and corruption, with much of his recent work focusing on the ways “bad apples” (people will malintent) can be thwarted. This is also manifest in his research on behavioral contagion of pro- and anti-social behavior among individuals and groups. Because we met up with him presenting a paper at NoBeC, a social norms conference, we also discussed the role of social norms in pro- and anti-social behaviors. We are inspired by Eugen’s work with social nudges and what can be done to minimize the impact of people who are out to corrupt systems and communities. And, we had a great time talking with this incredibly passionate researcher about his wide variety of interests. We are grateful to Eugen for reaching out to us as we were planning our 100th Episode celebration in Philadelphia. He invited us to the University of Pennsylvania’s NoBeC Conference – the Norms and Behavioral Change Conference – that was happening the same days that we were recording our 100th Episode. Eugen, along with his colleague Chris Nave, PhD, helped us arrange conversations with many researchers and speakers at the conference and we are forever grateful. Finally, we invite you to keep listening after our discussion with Eugen to hear Kurt and Tim’s Grooving Session and then the Bonus Track where we recap the key insights from the episode. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves LINKS: Eugen Dimant, PhD: https://www.sas.upenn.edu/lps/graduate/mbds/faculty/eugen-dimant NoBeC (Norms and Behavior Change Conference): https://web.sas.upenn.edu/nobec/ Cristina Bicchieri, PhD: https://upenn.academia.edu/CristinaBicchieri Gary Bolton, PhD: https://personal.utdallas.edu/~gxb122130/ Nudge: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nudge_theory Social Norms: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/social-norms/ Injunctive and Descriptive Norms: https://study.com/academy/lesson/injunctive-and-descriptive-group-norms-definitions-differences-examples.html Pluralistic Ignorance: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralistic_ignorance Peer Effects: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/peer-effects Coleman’s Boat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGaz0xKG060 Chris Nave, PhD: https://www.sas.upenn.edu/lps/graduate/mbds/contact/christopher-nave Bobo Doll Effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobo_doll_experiment Robert Cialdini, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cialdini Kiki and Bouba: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouba/kiki_effect Pollstar: https://www.pollstar.com/ Musical Links Drake: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_(musician) Bushido: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushido_(rapper) U2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2 Ed Sheeran: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sheeran Eagles: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagles_(band) Rolling Stones: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones Fleetwood Mac: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac

Nicole Fisher, DrPH is the president of Health and Human Rights Strategies and is a regular contributor to Forbes magazine on social justice issues. Her piece in Forbes about “The Psychology of Protests” is an excellent analysis of why people take to the streets. Nicole earned a Master’s in Public Health from the University of Chicago, then her Doctorate of Public Health from Chapel Hill, and she was also an Economics Fellow at George Mason University. We felt we could go wide and deep on our conversation with her and that’s exactly what happened. In our discussion, we talked about the need for grace and understanding, a concept called peer permission, the psychology of protests (from a piece that was written prior to George Floyd’s murder and the global outpouring of peaceful dissent throughout the world), and how the heart of the matter with a pandemic is public health. In the Grooving Session, Kurt and Tim also discussed the Peace Prayer of St. Francis and recommended, in the Bonus Track, to consider sidling up to someone you don’t see eye to eye with and learn about how and why they feel the way they do. You just might learn something! We hope you enjoy this episode and we encourage you to take a moment to give us a review as ratings go a long way in introducing us to new listeners. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Nicole Fisher, DrPH: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Fisher Nicole-related links: Health & Human Rights Strategies: https://www.hhrstrategies.com Dr. Nicole Fisher Forbes Column: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicolefisher/ YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYU0m9Esz1rFzx6pqvP0OIA Twitter: https://twitter.com/nic_fisher Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nicfisher/?hl=en Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/nicole.f.fisher Groups and things we chatted about (that I remember...): NOCOVID: https://nocovid.us NPR CodeSwitch: https://www.npr.org/2020/06/16/878963732/why-now-white-people Mythunderstood Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/69yTv2hOdUqmPe6tybNLCy?si=1hFJmcX8SfW5D2oXx1FAww Second Story Books: https://www.secondstorybooks.com/ Chris Graves: https://www.ogilvyconsulting.com/people/chris-graves/ John Barry, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Barry The Prayer of St. Francis: https://www.loyolapress.com/catholic-resources/prayer/traditional-catholic-prayers/saints-prayers/peace-prayer-of-saint-francis/ Sheriff who walked with protesters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6j1k9459pYk

Tara Austin is a strategist and was recently the Chief Strategy Officer for Kindred in London. Many of us know her for her public speaking events, like her presentation at Nudgestock in June 2020, and the amazing work she did with Rory Sutherland, Sam Tatam, and Jez Groom at Ogilvy over many years. We discussed a project she did with Ogilvy Change referred to as the Babies in the Borough. On the heels of the London riots in 2011, Tara wanted to see how a paper she’d read a few years earlier might apply to reduce crime in England. With the help of a master street painter, Ben Eine, the team gathered photos of babies from locals in the neighborhood and had them rendered on the security doors of businesses. After the babies’ faces were added to the shop shutters, the city saw declines in theft, vandalism and public urination year-over-year. We also talked about Edward de Bono, his development of lateral thinking and the six thinking hats. De Bono’s work can help us improve our decision making, which is likely to lead to greater happiness in our lives, and that’s always a win. Thank you for checking out our conversation with Tara, and if you like it, please leave us a review. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Tara Austin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tara-austin-78b2a780/ HOME Creative Consultancy: https://www.homeagency.co.uk/ The Grocer magazine: https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/ Ben Eine, street artist: https://beneine.co.uk/ Pinkie Campaign: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hWxU_ICoHM Edward DeBono, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_de_Bono “Six Thinking Hats”: https://www.debonogroup.com/services/core-programs/six-thinking-hats/ The “Cute Matters” paper is actually “Baby Schema in Infant Faces Induces Cuteness Perception and Motivation for Caretaking in Adults”: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260535/ Glocker, Melanie L et al. “Baby Schema in Infant Faces Induces Cuteness Perception and Motivation for Caretaking in Adults.” Ethology: formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie vol. 115,3 (2009): 257-263. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01603.x Lateral Thinking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_thinking Jaywalking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaywalking Beggar’s Banquet Records: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggars_Banquet_Records Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit Ozan Varol: https://ozanvarol.com/ Musical Links Dolly Parton “9 to 5”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbxUSsFXYo4 The Killers “Human”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIZdjT1472Y Lou Reed “Satellite of Love”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FH2EgYq_NCY U2 “Satellite of Love”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8q1zWNITuyg Gretchen Peters: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r07tGdLpKIQ Loretta Lynn “The Pill”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5DcdONaKSQM Loretta Lynn “Coalminers Daughter”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlHJ9Tp24yY&list=PLsZQ89o7KvqJPUf2oKv8iHDhb25Puqbpd&index=28 “Pan Pipes of the Andes”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNCuRpdemew Spice Girls: “Who Do You Think You Are": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YriinrRGug

Elspeth Kirkman is responsible for BIT’s work on health, education, and local government. Prior to this role, she oversaw the establishment and growth of BIT’s North American office from New York. She has taught behavioral science at Harvard, acts as an expert advisor to a number of global institutions, and serves as a Senior Fellow for Casey Family Programs, advising on the applications of behavioral and decision science to child welfare systems. Prior to joining BIT in 2013, Elspeth was a management consultant working with government clients around the world. Due to some technical challenges, we weren’t able to record a full hour of conversation. However, in the time we had available we discussed how important models can be in helping us solve problems, especially the COM-B model. (COM-B focuses on three aspects of behavior change and they are Capability, Opportunity and Motivation.) We also discussed the central pillars for good application of behavioral science. Elspeth used words like, “context” and “pragmatism” and “actual impact” and it made us happy to hear those words. Finally, we talked about the future of behavioral science and Elspeth laid out a couple of important themes. On one hand, she suggested we study behavioral sciences in order to integrate the findings into the mainstreams of business and government policy. On the other hand, she imagines a future with more crossover of behavioral science with fields like AI and how Quantitative and Qualitative tools might work better together. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Elspeth as much as we did! © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Elspeth Kirkman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elspethkirkman/ And…https://www.bi.team/people/elspeth-kirkman/ Co-Author with Michael Hallsworth: “Behavioral Insights” book: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/behavioral-insights Katy Milkman Episode # 99 “Behavior Change for Good”: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/katy-milkman-behavior-change-for-good/ EAST Framework: https://www.bi.team/publications/east-four-simple-ways-to-apply-behavioural-insights/ COM-B Model: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3096582/ Musical Links Joni Mitchell: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAxjPfWOiqI Smashing Pumpkins: https://www.smashingpumpkins.com/ Violent Femmes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHapDS2fcFE James Taylor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfJWqjoekow Rolling Stones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kl6q_9qZOs Paul Simon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fmf9ZJ_Yn0A David Bowie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ_wnJSRFso Michael Jackson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOnqjkJTMaA U2 “Achtung, Baby”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdXczOeDVbw U2 “Joshua Tree”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOQysQKE8A

Shlomi Ron is the CEO of the Visual Storytelling Institute. He co-founded the institute after 20 years of digital marketing with some of the largest brands in the world. Its purpose is to help business leaders rise above the noise through the power of storytelling and the effectiveness of visual media. Shlomi is an author and his latest book is “Total Acuity: Tales with Marketing Morals.” In it, he offers readers relatable real-world stories that reinforce the powerful visual storytelling principles. We talked to Shlomi in the days just prior to Miami’s 2nd wave in the Coronavirus pandemic about the value that visual storytelling can have on pro-social initiatives such as homelessness. We also discussed the challenges advertisers and brands have at capturing our attention and some tips for accomplishing that. We were also introduced to the concept of Social Semiotics, the way communication tools vary in social settings and context. Links Shlomi Ron: http://www.shlomiron.com Visual Storytelling Institute: http://www.visualstorytell.com 1000 Miami Stories: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/hashtag/?keywords=%231000MiamiStories “Total Acuity: Tales with Marketing Morals”: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07ZCCM11F?ref_=pe_3052080_276849420 Dove Beauty Sketches: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=litXW91UauE Justin Trudeau Pause: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79nHwsqQNBA Audi 3-Hour Ambient Travel Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqYFgqN_q-w Scrubs Television Show on Hand Washing: https://www.deseret.com/entertainment/2020/3/18/21184967/coronavirus-covid-19-scrubs-clip-infection-spreads Death of George Floyd: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/31/us/george-floyd-investigation.html “Visual Grammar: A Design Handbook” by Christian Leborg: https://www.amazon.com/Visual-Grammar-Design-Briefs-Christian/dp/1568985819 Social Semiotics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_semiotics Snapchat Logo: https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/a/ghost-logo-usage Avenue3 Miami 1001 Stories: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRtM2mTjoH8&feature=youtu.be “The Good The Bad & The Ugly”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1PfrmCGFnk Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit?usp=sharing Music vs. Words for Memory: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-13047-013 Call and Response Songs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_and_response_(music) Musical Links Tori Amos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ipCKIxdHTs

Stephen Wendel, PhD is an applied behavioral scientist who studies how digital products can help people take action more effectively. He currently serves as Head of Behavioral Science at Morningstar, leading a team of behavioral scientists and practitioners who conduct original research on saving and investment behavior. Steve has authored “Designing for Behavior Change,” “Improving Employee Benefits,” and “Spiritual Design.” He is also a co-founder of the non-profit Action Design Network that focuses on educating the public on how to apply behavioral research to product development with monthly events in fifteen cities. In our conversation, we talked about epistemic humility, which is a cool concept that was new to both Kurt and Tim. We also discussed a few of our favorite topics including the role of behavioral science in the corporate world, the ethical application of behavioral science, and how important context is to … well, everything. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Steve and encourage you to take a moment to leave a review or check out our Patreon page at www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Stephen Wendell, PhD: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sawendel/ BehavioralTechnology.co: https://www.behavioraltechnology.co/ Stephen Wendell, PhD, “Designing for Behavior Change”: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B089VDCG8C/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=sawendel-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B089VDCG8C&linkId=9eb146b1f7ac7c968bc2bc2c2bdeb6c1#ace-6308736939 Cass Sunstein: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Sunstein Wendy Wood, PhD: https://www.marshall.usc.edu/personnel/wendy-wood Dan Ariely, “Honest Truth About Dishonesty”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Honest_Truth_about_Dishonesty Irish Bohnet, “What Works”: https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674089037 Musical Links Shakira: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUT5rEU6pqM Daddy Yankee: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGIm0-dQd8M Raggaeton: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJXkYF-Oscg Christian Contemporary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjzLN8uYCig Johnny Cash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J5126CibNsk Merle Haggard “She Still Thinks I Still Care”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dx3rS2N8yE

[NOTE: This episode is republished from #50 in January 2019.] Robert Cialdini, PhD is counted among the greatest psychological researchers alive today and his published works have been cited thousands of times. His New York Times best-selling book, Influence, from 1984, is considered a classic for classroom and corporate use alike. He is an ardent author and a passionate professor, and his work has impacted millions. In short, Bob Cialdini has shaped the landscape of how sales and marketing workers do their jobs and how researchers frame their studies. In this episode of Behavioral Grooves, Bob took a few minutes to discuss some of his most underappreciated research and some of the new things he’s working on. We began with a study that used littering as a way to predict, before the polls closed, the outcome of an election by watching how voters treated candidate fliers left on their cars. One of the very elegant aspects of this study was that it required no surveys – merely the observation of behaviors in the parking lots of the polling places. The question the researchers sought to answer was this: How do voters treat the fliers of candidates they favor and of those they oppose? More specifically, do voters keep fliers from candidates they like and litter with the fliers of candidates they dislike? Then, our conversation moved to a line of research that he’d investigated for over a decade: the motivations for pro-social behavior, such as giving to those in need. Bob reminds us that there are many motivators at play when one person helps out another, as when a passerby gives money to some asking for money on the street, but there is one motivator that stands out: egoism. Many of us believe that being charitable is an obligation or is driven by guilt, and while that is true to some degree, Bob’s collective research over more than a dozen years revealed that egoism, that selfish desire to feel good about ourselves, is at the heart of helping others. Then we went a step farther. Bob noted that helping others is more likely to occur when the person in need appears to be in-group or in-tribe. In other words, we’re more likely to be charitable if it appears the person asking for help is “like me.” The primary way we decide if someone is like us is to look at how they’re dressed. What kind of clothes are they wearing? In his studies, Bob found that soccer (football) fans were more likely to assist someone on the street if they were wearing the jersey of their favorite team. It’s unnerving to think that the clothes you wear could determine whether someone helps you or not. In our grooving session, Kurt and Tim discussed the impact of social identity and self-identity. We discussed articles by Michael Hogg and Roy Baumeister. We brought in books by Harvard Professor Teresa Amabile and Dan Levitan’s great treatise on the neurological effects of music. And on music, we chatted about how music makes us feel and we cited Semisonic’s “Closing Time” and Beethoven’s 5th Symphony as examples. Lastly, Bob is interested in hearing from YOU! He’d like listeners to send reports on how the principles of influence are being used in the real world to be included in his next book. If you’d like to be considered for his next work, please send your stories to [email protected] We hope you enjoy our discussion with Bob Cialdini © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Sponsor: The Creative Group, Inc. This episode is brought to you by Creative Group Inc. Kurt and Tim have worked with CGI and have found that their process of co-creation of incentive program provides clients with more robust solutions. Because their incentive and employee engagement programs are co-created, they reflect the truest aspects of the client’s organization and culture. CGI shares our belief that incentives and rewards shouldn’t be used to create brand mercenaries – but instead, should be about creating brand missionaries. Check them out at https://www.creativegroupinc.com/. A Note of Gratitude We are grateful to Bob for sharing his insights with us in this very fun conversation. However, it wouldn’t have happened without the concerted effort of Bobette Gordon. We thank her for her coordination and support to make put make our conversation with Bob a reality. Links Robert Cialdini, PhD and Influence at Work: https://www.influenceatwork.com/ The Principle of Continuation in Gestalt Psychology. The Continuity Principle: http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Gestalt_principles#Continuity_principle Daniel Levitin: This is Your Brain on Music. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Your_Brain_on_Music Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). “The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation,” Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529. Festinger, L. (1954). “A theory of social comparison processes,” Human Relations, 7, 117–140. Hogg, M. A. (2001). “Social categorization, depersonalization, and group behavior. In M. A. Hogg & R. S. Tindale

[NOTE: This episode is republished from #74 in June 2019.] This episode is a discussion on the principle of scarcity. Kurt and Tim attempt to illuminate the power of this very fundamental effect in behavioral science with some real-world examples. Simply put, the scarcity effect is that people want more of those things they can have less of. It’s terribly powerful and is evident in many aspects of our lives. “Sale ends tomorrow” is one of the strongest tools in a marketer’s handbook, and Kurt and Tim discuss that and others and the ways they impact behavior. We also talk about the implications of scarcity and how scarcity helps us prioritize and can actually increase focus in our lives. This episode is the third in our series on the Principles of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini, PhD. The other principles from Cialdini’s work have been discussed in previous episodes and you can check them out at the Behavioral Grooves website. The principle of Reciprocity was overviewed in episode #57 and the principle of Consistency was discussed through the lens of politicians and politics in episode #49. Please check them out if you’re interested in Cialdini’s Persuasion Principles. Also, please leave us a quick rating and review. We benefit greatly from your support and you only have a few minutes left to do it today! © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Principles of Persuasion – Robert Cialdini, PhD: https://www.influenceatwork.com/principles-of-persuasion/ Stephen Worchel, Jerry Lee & Akanbi Adawole, (1975) “Effects of supply and demand on ratings of object value” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5), 906-914. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1976-03817-001 Sendhil Mullainathan& Eldar Shafir, (2013) Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much, Times Books. https://www.amazon.com/Scarcity-Having-Little-Means-Much/dp/0805092641/ref=tmm_hrd_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Tim Urban blog: Wait But Why? https://waitbutwhy.com/ Kurt Nelson: @motivationguru and https://www.linkedin.com/in/kurtwnelson/ Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan and https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-houlihan-b-e/ Check out the Behavioral Grooves website: https://behavioralgrooves.com/

[NOTE: This is a republished episode from #99 in November 2019.] Katy Milkman is no ordinary behavioral scientist. She’s a Professor of Operations, Information and Decisions at Wharton. She has a secondary faculty appointment in the University of Pennsylvania’s Medical School in the Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy. She’s Co-Director, with Angela Duckworth, at the non-profit Behavior Change for Good Initiative. She’s the host of one of our favorite podcasts, called Choiceology, she is in the middle of writing a book, and she’s a Mom and Partner all at the same time! We are grateful to her for taking time to record a conversation with us about her work on temptation bundling, the sorts of projects she’s getting at the Behavior Change for Good organization, and a few tidbits about what her book, coming out in 2021, will have in store for the readers. Most importantly, Katy shared three important pieces of wisdom about behavior change during our conversation: 1. Behavior change is hard – cut yourself some slack. 2. We humans are not built to do the right thing all the time. 3. Just keep trying. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Katy Milkman, PhD: http://www.katherinemilkman.com/ Katy Milkman – Twitter: @katy_milkman Behavior Change for Good: https://bcfg.wharton.upenn.edu/ Choiceology podcast: https://www.schwab.com/resource-center/insights/podcast Temptation Bundling: https://mayooshin.com/temptation-bundling/ Fresh Start Effect: https://faculty.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Dai_Fresh_Start_2014_Mgmt_Sci.pdf Charles Duhigg: https://charlesduhigg.com/ BJ Fogg Maui Habit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L1R7OtJhWs Robert Cialdini, PhD: https://www.robertcialdinibf.com/ Francesca Gino, PhD: https://francescagino.com/ Angela Duckworth, PhD: https://angeladuckworth.com/ Kurt Nelson: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: [email protected]

[NOTE: This episode is republished from #92 in October 2019.] Goals are often misunderstood. Goals are much more than just objectives that are handed down to subordinates. Rather, goals are self-determined in the best cases, and at the very least, are set collaboratively to get the most out of them. We discuss Goal Setting Theory (GST), results from research that Tim conducted, and we address the three key elements that must be included to maximize the effect of the goals: 1. The goals must be perceived as achievable. Without perceived achievability, the goal is not accepted and, therefore, not a goal. 2. There must be some involvement with those who are executing the goals. If the goal is handed down from on high without meaningful participation from the person who’s going to act on it, it’s not a goal. 3. There must be a positive relationship between the goal and the reward (including a perceived assessment of risk). As the risk of achievability increases, so must the perceived value of the reward. This short grooving session also delves into some myths and how to deal with them. Ultimately, we want listeners to come away with a clear understanding of the powerful results than can be obtained with practical and effective use of self-selected goals. Links Zig Ziglar: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zig_Ziglar Goal-Setting Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_setting Edward Locke: https://peakon.com/us/blog/future-work/edwin-locke-goal-setting-theory/ Gary Latham: http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/FacultyAndResearch/Faculty/FacultyBios/Latham Howard Klein: https://fisher.osu.edu/people/klein.12 Ran Kivetz: https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/detail/rk566 George Loewenstein: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/people/faculty/george-loewenstein.html Saurabh Bhargava: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/people/faculty/saurabh-bhargava.html Raghuram Bommaraju: https://www.isb.edu/faculty-research/faculty/directory/bommaraju-raghuram

Caroline Webb, a Senior Advisor at McKinsey, is an executive coach, author, and speaker specializing in insights from behavioral science to improve our lives at work. Her book on that topic, How To Have A Good Day, has been published in 14 languages and in more than 60 countries. One of her past jobs was to contribute to the world economic forecast, and she is fluid in her ability to speak with authority on a wide spectrum of topics. This session was recorded in February 2020 in the early days of the lockdown and we realize Caroline's words of encouragement to identify even the smallest things that we can control stand up well today. We found profound value in her reminder that in times of great upheaval, we can still control our kindness, She spoke with determination on the importance of intentionality and deliberateness in our daily lives, but she tweaked these ideas with a special twist. Caroline noted that ‘batching’ our lives - the use of compartments and guardrails for work, news, work-outs, socializing...etc. - can reduce cognitive load and increase subjective wellbeing. And, as always, we appreciate Caroline’s openness and authenticity in revealing her personal challenges with the lockdown and the uncertainties of the crisis. And with all that serious exchange, we found plenty of times to enjoy a good laugh. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Connect with Kurt and Tim: Kurt Nelson, PhD: @WhatMotivates e-mail: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan e-mail: [email protected] Lantern Group: http://lanterngroup.com/ BehaviorAlchemy: https://www.behavioralchemy.com/ Behavioral Grooves: https://behavioralgrooves.com/ Weekly Grooves: https://weeklygrooves.podbean.com/ Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Patreon Site for Behavioral Grooves: https://www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves General Coronavirus Info: Daily Newsletter Summarizing data from Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/newsroom/newsletters/e-newsletter-sign-up.html CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html Great videos on the science behind this by Dr. Peter Attia – this is the first in a series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNVhLyAlfA4 What is herd immunity?: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615375/what-is-herd-immunity-and-can-it-stop-the-coronavirus/ A list curated by [email protected] https://docs.google.com/document/d/11GLhX7hLf64Bxkdpv5hvYHqOjS1imlcMQFjJBJ-9oUM/edit Coronavirus & Behavioral Science: Selected Links: The Behavioral Sice of Coronavirus: https://behavioralscientist.org/selected-links-the-behavioral-science-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ Why no one is reading your coronavirus email: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/13/opinions/coronavirus-emails-effective-messaging-rogers/index.html Handwashing can stop a virus, so why don’t we do it?: https://behavioralscientist.org/handwashing-can-stop-a-virus-so-why-dont-we-do-it-coronavirus-covid-19/ The behavioral science of handwashing: https://think.ing.com/articles/the-behavioural-science-of-hand-washing/ Ideas 42: The Behavioral Side of COVID-19 here: https://ideas42.org/covid19/ Greater Good: https://twitter.com/GreaterGoodSC How We Can Cope During This Crisis: Tip Sheet from HUMU: https://humu.com/remote-nudges/ Resources for learning at home: https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/resources-learning-home-during-covid-19-school-closures?utm_source=join1440&utm_medium=email&utm_placement=etcetera General Behavioral Science Links: Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Jonathan Haidt – 5 Moral Foundations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory Annie Duke’s “How To Decide”: https://www.amazon.com/How-Decide-Simple-Making-Choices/dp/0593084608 “16 Ways To Promote Hand Washing With Behavioral Science” article by Aline Holzwarth: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alineholzwarth/2020/03/25/handwashing-with-behavioral-science/#261b4b9f768d Aline Holzwarth’s Playlist on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0H5fsQRrqslGdBhhx8d4Aw?si=0jra0rU1Qu2vQNtqjbRvZA Deontological and Consequential Moralities: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/#DeoTheKan Difference between descriptive and injunctive norms: https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/6193/whats-the-difference-between-injunctive-norms-and-descriptive-norms Emotion Research from FinalMile: http://finalmile.in/research/ Pandemic Playbook from FinalMile: https://www.playbookforpandemic.com/ Irrational Labs Bootcamp: https://irrationallabs.com/learn/ “How to Have a Good Day”: https://carolinewebb.co/books/how-to-have-a-good-day/

Margaret Robinson Rutherford, PhD, is a clinical psychologist in private practice with more than twenty-five years of experience treating individuals and couples for depression, anxiety, and relationship issues. She also offers her compassionate and commonsense therapeutic style to the general public through her popular blog and podcasts, with the goal of decreasing the stigma around psychological treatment. Her podcasts and shows on perfectly hidden depression (PHD) have reached thousands, as she sheds light on this overlooked presentation of the disease. She is also the author of PERFECTLY HIDDEN DEPRESSION: How to Break Free from the Perfectionism that Masks Your Depression. We wanted to speak to Margaret about a syndrome she’s identified that is increasingly common during the lockdown. Perfectionism and shame are getting in the way of people living healthy lives, especially now. Also, what may sound like bird sounds and wind chimes in the background are actually the sounds of live birds and wind chimes! Yes, we are living and recording in the natural world. We hope you enjoy our conversation with Dr. Rutherford. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Connect with Kurt and Tim: Kurt Nelson, PhD: @WhatMotivates e-mail: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan e-mail: [email protected] Lantern Group: http://lanterngroup.com/ BehaviorAlchemy: https://www.behavioralchemy.com/ Behavioral Grooves: https://behavioralgrooves.com/ Weekly Grooves: https://weeklygrooves.podbean.com/ Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Patreon Site for Behavioral Grooves: https://www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves General Coronavirus Info: Daily Newsletter Summarizing data from Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/newsroom/newsletters/e-newsletter-sign-up.html CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html Great videos on the science behind this by Dr. Peter Attia – this is the first in a series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNVhLyAlfA4 What is herd immunity?: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615375/what-is-herd-immunity-and-can-it-stop-the-coronavirus/ A list curated by [email protected] https://docs.google.com/document/d/11GLhX7hLf64Bxkdpv5hvYHqOjS1imlcMQFjJBJ-9oUM/edit Coronavirus & Behavioral Science: Selected Links: The Behavioral Sice of Coronavirus: https://behavioralscientist.org/selected-links-the-behavioral-science-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ Why no one is reading your coronavirus email: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/13/opinions/coronavirus-emails-effective-messaging-rogers/index.html Handwashing can stop a virus, so why don’t we do it?: https://behavioralscientist.org/handwashing-can-stop-a-virus-so-why-dont-we-do-it-coronavirus-covid-19/ The behavioral science of handwashing: https://think.ing.com/articles/the-behavioural-science-of-hand-washing/ Ideas 42: The Behavioral Side of COVID-19 here: https://ideas42.org/covid19/ Greater Good: https://twitter.com/GreaterGoodSC How We Can Cope During This Crisis: Tip Sheet from HUMU: https://humu.com/remote-nudges/ Resources for learning at home: https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/resources-learning-home-during-covid-19-school-closures?utm_source=join1440&utm_medium=email&utm_placement=etcetera General Behavioral Science Links: Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Jonathan Haidt – 5 Moral Foundations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory Annie Duke’s “How To Decide”: https://www.amazon.com/How-Decide-Simple-Making-Choices/dp/0593084608 “16 Ways To Promote Hand Washing With Behavioral Science” article by Aline Holzwarth: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alineholzwarth/2020/03/25/handwashing-with-behavioral-science/#261b4b9f768d Aline Holzwarth’s Playlist on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0H5fsQRrqslGdBhhx8d4Aw?si=0jra0rU1Qu2vQNtqjbRvZA Deontological and Consequential Moralities: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/#DeoTheKan Difference between descriptive and injunctive norms: https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/6193/whats-the-difference-between-injunctive-norms-and-descriptive-norms Emotion Research from FinalMile: http://finalmile.in/research/ Pandemic Playbook from FinalMile: https://www.playbookforpandemic.com/ Irrational Labs Bootcamp: https://irrationallabs.com/learn/ "Perfectly Hidden Depression": https://drmargaretrutherford.com/perfectlyhiddendepressionbook/

We saw an article in the Wall Street Journal titled “When Workers Can Live Anywhere, Many Ask: Why Do I Live Here?” and it got us thinking. Millions of white-collar workers have been displaced from their offices and are being told they are on indefinite work-from-home status. And many of those workers are opting to leave the big cities where the virus has been most aggressive. In addition to the temporary exodus to more rural settings, some people are leaving big cities to find permanent solace in the countryside. This got us thinking about how humans are predictably irrational about decisions about their futures. The biases about future happiness go hand in hand with changing where you live. The article that got us thinking about this was written by Rachel Feintzeig and Ben Eisen. Together, they do a great job of assembling data on the movement during the heart of the crisis and notes that even with a major recession hitting the global economy, many people feel the need to move. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links “When Workers Can Live Anywhere, Many Ask: Why Do I Live Here?” from the Wall Street Journal, June 17, 2020: https://www.wsj.com/articles/when-workers-can-live-anywhere-many-ask-why-do-i-live-here-11592386201 “Is It Time to Let Employees Work from Anywhere?” by Prithwiraj (Raj) Choudhury, Barbara Z. Larson and Cirrus Foroughi, August 14, 2019, in HBR: https://hbr.org/2019/08/is-it-time-to-let-employees-work-from-anywhere Remote Work Statistics: Shifting Norms and Expectations from February 2020: https://www.flexjobs.com/blog/post/remote-work-statistics/#:~:text=Remote%20Work%20Is%20Increasing&text=Over%20the%20last%20five%20years,or%203.4%25%20of%20the%20population. “U.S. Workers Discovering Affinity for Remote Work,” Gallup Polls, April 3, 2020: https://news.gallup.com/poll/306695/workers-discovering-affinity-remote-work.aspx Schkade, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1998). Does Living in California Make People Happy? A Focusing Illusion in Judgments of Life Satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9(5), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00066 “The evolution of decision and experienced utilities” by Robson and Samuelson, Theoretical Economics, September 2011: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3982/TE800 Dan Buettner: On Quality of Life, “Thrive”: https://www.wbur.org/npr/131571885/how-to-thrive-dan-buettner-s-secrets-of-happiness Dan Gilbert: On Predicting Future Happiness. https://positivepsychology.com/daniel-gilbert-research/#:~:text=Daniel%20Gilbert%20completed%20his%20Ph,emotional%20state%20in%20the%20future. George Loewenstein, Ted O’Donoghue & Matthew Rabin on Projection Bias: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/loewenstein/projectionbias.pdf

Elizabeth Gilbert, PhD is the Head of Research at PsychologyCompass, a content platform that uses insights from psychology and neuroscience to teach people how to be happier and more productive. She has a PhD in social psychology from the University of Virginia and a postdoctoral fellowship at the Medical University of South Carolina. And she’s been engaged in the replication of studies that were, on one level or another, considered questionable. We talked with Elizabeth about her work on Imaginal Exposure, the process of imagining your worst fears to overcome those very concerns and how they might prove relevant in such uncertain times as these. We also discussed human’s native power of adaptability and the tremendous benefits of making lists - again, the payoff during uncertain times is even greater. Elizabeth’s comments combined her work as a researcher and her role as a mother in the most authentic ways and we thoroughly enjoyed our conversation with her. We hope you will, too. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves

John Bargh, PhD is a Professor of Psychology and Management at Yale University. His name may be familiar because of the replication crisis, but there is so much more to John Bargh than a couple of experiments that were challenged during replication. John has authored more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, chapters in over 30 books, and he founded The ACME lab at Yale in order to research the unconscious and implicit influences on social judgment, motivation, and behavior. Over the years, his research has focused on embodied cognition effects, or how physical experiences (such as washing one’s hands or holding something warm or rough) influence metaphorically related social variables (like how physical warmth leads to feelings of physical warmth, for example). Recently, he’s been focused on how social goals and political attitudes can be influenced by the satisfaction of underlying physical-level motivations; for example, how immunization against the flu virus influences attitudes towards immigration as ‘invaders’ of one’s ‘cultural body.’ We feel fortunate to have such a wide-ranging and fun conversation with John and we’re pleased to share his insights and humor with our listeners. If you’ve not subscribed to our Patreon site, please check it out at www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links John Bargh, PhD: https://psychology.yale.edu/people/john-bargh ACME Lab: https://acmelab.yale.edu/ Bargh & Williams’ Coffee Study: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2008/10/23/322.5901.606.DC1/Williams.SOM.pdf Jeff Simpson, PhD: https://twin-cities.umn.edu/content/faculty-profile-jeffry-simpson John Bowlby, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bowlby Dante Alighieri “The Divine Comedy”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy Priming: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology) Richard Nisbett, PhD: https://lsa.umich.edu/psych/people/emeriti-faculty/nisbett.html Tim Wilson, PhD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Wilson Gary Latham, PhD: https://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/FacultyAndResearch/Faculty/FacultyBios/Latham Peter Gollwitzer, PhD: https://as.nyu.edu/psychology/people/faculty.peter-m-gollwitzer.html Howard Gardner, PhD “The Mind’s New Science”: https://www.amazon.com/Minds-New-Science-Cognitive-Revolution/dp/0465046355 “The Effect of Primed Goals on Employee Performance: Implications for Human Resource Management,” Shantz & Latham: https://www-2.rotman.utoronto.ca/facbios/file/37%20-%20Shantz%20&%20Latham%20HRM%202011.pdf On Diederik Stapel’s bad data: “The case of Diederik Stapel”: https://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2011/12/diederik-stapel Jeff Greenberg, PhD on “Terror Management Theory”: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/terror-management-theory Sigmund Freud: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud William James: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James Susan Fiske, PhD: https://psych.princeton.edu/person/susan-fiske Apocalypse of St. Paul: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Paul The Zeigarnik Effect: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit Feng Shui: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui Chameleon Effect: https://acmelab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/1999_the_chameleon_effect.pdf Lucien Stryk: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucien_Stryk Adam Grant “Pre-Crastination”: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/17/opinion/sunday/why-i-taught-myself-to-procrastinate.html Kristen Berman on Behavioral Grooves – Episode 149: https://behavioralgrooves.com/uncategorized/covid-19-crisis-kristen-berman-on-remote-work-quaranteams-and-marinades/ Wim Hof: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Hof Gary Latham on Behavioral Grooves – Episode 147: https://behavioralgrooves.com/episode/gary-latham-phd-goal-setting-prompts-priming-and-skepticism/ Artist Links King Louie & Bo$$ Woo “Gumbo Mobsters” (Drill): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA1XYIdz3TA&feature=emb_title Jimmy Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Page Robert Plant: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Plant Talking Heads “Fear of Music”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_Music Alan Parsons Project “Sirius (Eye in the Sky)”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkC_oi0ksuw YoYo Ma on Bach Cello Suite No. 1 in G Major Prelude: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1prweT95Mo0

Howard Friedman is a data scientist, health economist, and writer with decades of experience in both the private and public sectors, as well as academia. He is widely known for his work as a statistical modeler and he currently lives in New York City and teaches at Columbia University. Howard's new book, Ultimate Price: The Value We Place on Life, is about how the monetary values assigned to our lives by governments, medical professionals, and insurers can determine who will survive during times of crisis. We talked to Howard about different models for the valuation of human life and how the crisis has revealed many opportunities for improvement. The conversation’s content is sobering, but Howard keeps things light, whenever possible. We hope you’ll enjoy listening as much as we did. © 2020 Behavioral Grooves Links Connect with Kurt and Tim: Kurt Nelson, PhD: @WhatMotivates e-mail: [email protected] Tim Houlihan: @THoulihan e-mail: [email protected] Lantern Group: http://lanterngroup.com/ BehaviorAlchemy: https://www.behavioralchemy.com/ Behavioral Grooves: https://behavioralgrooves.com/ Weekly Grooves: https://weeklygrooves.podbean.com/ Common Biases & Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Patreon Site for Behavioral Grooves: https://www.patreon.com/behavioralgrooves General Coronavirus Info: Daily Newsletter Summarizing data from Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security: http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/newsroom/newsletters/e-newsletter-sign-up.html CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html Great videos on the science behind this by Dr. Peter Attia – this is the first in a series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNVhLyAlfA4 What is herd immunity?: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615375/what-is-herd-immunity-and-can-it-stop-the-coronavirus/ A list curated by [email protected] https://docs.google.com/document/d/11GLhX7hLf64Bxkdpv5hvYHqOjS1imlcMQFjJBJ-9oUM/edit Coronavirus & Behavioral Science: Selected Links: The Behavioral Sice of Coronavirus: https://behavioralscientist.org/selected-links-the-behavioral-science-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19/ Why no one is reading your coronavirus email: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/13/opinions/coronavirus-emails-effective-messaging-rogers/index.html Handwashing can stop a virus, so why don’t we do it?: https://behavioralscientist.org/handwashing-can-stop-a-virus-so-why-dont-we-do-it-coronavirus-covid-19/ The behavioral science of handwashing: https://think.ing.com/articles/the-behavioural-science-of-hand-washing/ Ideas 42: The Behavioral Side of COVID-19 here: https://ideas42.org/covid19/ Greater Good: https://twitter.com/GreaterGoodSC How We Can Cope During This Crisis: Tip Sheet from HUMU: https://humu.com/remote-nudges/ Resources for learning at home: https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/resources-learning-home-during-covid-19-school-closures?utm_source=join1440&utm_medium=email&utm_placement=etcetera General Behavioral Science Links: Common Biases and Heuristics: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XHpBr0VFcaT8wIUpr-9zMIb79dFMgOVFRxIZRybiftI/edit# Jonathan Haidt – 5 Moral Foundations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory Annie Duke’s “How To Decide”: https://www.amazon.com/How-Decide-Simple-Making-Choices/dp/0593084608 “16 Ways To Promote Hand Washing With Behavioral Science” article by Aline Holzwarth: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alineholzwarth/2020/03/25/handwashing-with-behavioral-science/#261b4b9f768d Aline Holzwarth’s Playlist on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0H5fsQRrqslGdBhhx8d4Aw?si=0jra0rU1Qu2vQNtqjbRvZA Deontological and Consequential Moralities: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/#DeoTheKan Difference between descriptive and injunctive norms: https://psychology.stackexchange.com/questions/6193/whats-the-difference-between-injunctive-norms-and-descriptive-norms Emotion Research from FinalMile: http://finalmile.in/research/ Pandemic Playbook from FinalMile: https://www.playbookforpandemic.com/ Irrational Labs Bootcamp: https://irrationallabs.com/learn/ Claire Bidwell Smith “Anxiety: The Missing Stage of Grief”: https://clairebidwellsmith.com/