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This new assessment puts processed meat, such as salami and ham, in the highest category of five possible rankings of cancer-causing agents. And they say that red meat, even if it's not been treated, is in the next highest group, meaning it's probably carcinogenic.世卫的这项新评估将腊肠和火腿等加工类的肉类列为五种最可能的致癌物质类别。他们说即使没有经过处理的红肉，也属于下一个可能具有致癌性的最高组别。Alarming though this sounds, scientists emphasize that eating meat doesn't carry the same cancer risk as smoking cigarettes, for example.这尽管听起来令人担忧，但科学家们强调说吃肉不会带来例如吸烟这样的相同癌症风险。Responding to the international report, Cancer Research UK said there was not much harm in having a bacon bap once in a while. It was more important not to eat too much red or processed meat.英国癌症研究中心在回应这份国际报告时表示，偶尔吃一块培根面包并没有太大害处。 最重要的是记住不要吃太多红肉或加工过的肉。processed meat 加工处里过的肉 I try to avoid eating processed meat like sausages and bacon because they are often high in sodium and preservatives. (我尽量避免食用像香肠和培根这样的加工肉制品，因为它们通常含有高盐和防腐剂。)salami 萨拉米（意大利香肠）I love having salami slices on my pizza. (我喜欢在披萨上加一些意大利腊肠片。)category 种类，类别 The books in this library are organized by category, making it easier to find what you're looking for. (这个图书馆的书籍按照类别进行组织，这样更容易找到你需要的东西。)rankings 排行榜 Our school's basketball team moved up in the rankings after winning the championship. (我们学校的篮球队在赢得冠军后在排名上上升了。)carcinogenic /ˌkɑː.sən.əˈdʒen.ɪk/ 致癌的 It's important to be aware of the ingredients in the products we use, as some may contain carcinogenic substances. (我们使用的产品中可能含有一些致癌物质，所以了解成分非常重要。)alarming 惊人的，吓人的 The increasing pollution levels in the city are alarming and require immediate action. (城市不断上升的污染水平令人担忧，需要立即采取行动。)bap/bæp/ 面包 （松软扁平的面包）In Korea, a popular street food is "bap," which is a steamed rice cake served with various toppings. (在韩国，一种受欢迎的街头食品是“饭团”，它是一种蒸糕，上面配有各种配料。)

Donje Gates is 18 years old and lives in Chicago, Illinois. His family wants him to go to college in the fall. But Gates is thinking about going to a trade school instead. He says he worries about the cost of college and is not sure if it will be valuable to him. Gates was in a group of high school students visiting Chicago’s Malcom X Community College. About 75 percent of the school’s students are women. Like many colleges and universities in the United States, Malcom X is struggling to get more male students to enroll. Women now make up about 58 percent of U.S. college undergraduates. That information comes from the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. The percentage of men in higher education is getting smaller each year.Donje Gates 今年 18 岁，住在伊利诺伊州的芝加哥。他的家人希望他在秋天上大学。但盖茨正在考虑转而去读贸易学校。他说他担心上大学的费用，不确定这对他是否有用。盖茨和一群高中生一起参观了芝加哥的 Malcom X 社区学院。该校大约 75% 的学生是女生。与美国的许多学院和大学一样，Malcom X 正在努力吸引更多男生入学。现在，女生约占美国大学本科生的 58%。该信息来自国家学生信息交换所研究中心。接受高等教育的男生比例正在逐年下降。Now, some universities are making extra efforts to attract and keep male students.For example, leaders at Malcolm X Community College saw that Black men were dropping out at a higher rate than other student groups. To help more Black men stay in school, leaders started a mentoring program. The program connects a teacher or other school employee with two Black male students. The effort has helped. Forty-three percent of Black male students dropped out between the fall of 2021 and the spring of 2022. But 93 percent of the men in the mentoring program stayed in school, said the school’s president, David Sanders. However, Sanders said some men do not want to admit they need academic help. “There’s an expectation for a male,” he said. “He’s supposed to be strong and not show weakness.”现在，一些大学正在加倍努力以吸引和留住男生。例如，马尔科姆 X 社区学院的领导发现黑人男生的辍学率高于其他学生群体。为了帮助更多的黑人男生留在学校，领导者启动了一项辅导计划。该计划将一名教师或其他学校员工与两名黑人男生联系起来。这项努力还是有所帮助的。2021 年秋季至 2022 年春季期间，43% 的黑人男生退学了。但该校校长大卫·桑德斯 (David Sanders) 表示，参与辅导计划的男生中有 93% 留在了学校。然而，桑德斯说，有些人不承认他们需要学术帮助。他说：“那是对男生的期望，他应该是坚强的，而不是脆弱的。”College officials say some ideas about men and boys add to the enrollment difficulties. Berea College is a small private school in the southern U.S. state of Kentucky. It has 18 percent fewer male students now than in 2019. The college is trying to attract more men from nearby areas in the Appalachian Mountains. Rick Childers is a former student at Berea. He now works for the college and leads the school’s Appalachian project. He said many of the male students he meets face the same outdated ideas about masculinity that he did. In that old way of thinking, going to college was not something a strong man would do. Childers said his father would call him “college boy” in a negative way.大学官员说，一些关于男人和男孩的看法加大了入学难度。伯里亚学院是美国南部肯塔基州的一所小的私立学校。它现在的男生比 2019 年减少了 18%。该学院正试图吸引更多来自阿巴拉契亚山脉附近地区的男生。Rick Childers 是 Berea 以前的学生。他现在在学院工作，领导学校的阿巴拉契亚项目。他说，他遇到的许多男生都面临着和他同样的一些关于男子气概的过时的观念。在那种旧的观念里，上大学可不是什么强者会做的事。奇尔德斯说他的父亲会用消极的方式称他为“大学生”。Educators say it is difficult to make college appealing to men who have been told that college is not for them. Educators say another problem is that some officials at colleges and universities do not believe male students need any special help. Ioakim Boutakidis is a professor of child and adolescent studies at California State University Fullerton. He noted that some officials think men already have more advantages than women. As a result, those schools may be less likely to offer special support for male students. Boutakidis said he has tried to get his university to pay attention to male enrollment and academics. But his coworkers, he said, have expressed doubt about the need for more focus on male students. Overall, men of color are less likely to attend college than white men. Because of this, Boutakidis said he thinks schools should focus on men of color first.教育工作者说，大学很难吸收到那些被别人说他们不适合读大学的学生。教育工作者说，另一个问题是，一些高校的官员认为男生不需要任何特别的帮助。Ioakim Boutakidis 是加州州立大学富勒顿分校儿童和青少年研究教授。他指出，一些官员认为男生已经比女生拥有更多优势。因此，这些学校不太可能会为男生提供特殊的支持。Boutakidis 说，他曾试图让他所在的大学关注男生入学和学术方面。但他说，他的同事对是否需要更多地关注男生表示怀疑。总体而言，有色人种男生上大学的可能性低于白人男生。正因为如此，Boutakidis 说他认为学校应该首先关注有色人种。enroll 注册 I plan to enroll in a cooking class to improve my culinary skills.（我计划报名参加烹饪课程，提升我的烹饪技巧。）undergraduate 本科 My sister is an undergraduate studying biology at a prestigious university.（我姐姐是一名本科生，在一所名校学习生物学。）attract 吸引 The stunning artwork in the gallery attracts visitors from all over the world, and its vibrant colors and unique techniques leave a lasting impression on everyone who sees it.（画廊里令人惊叹的艺术品吸引了来自世界各地的游客，其鲜艳的色彩和独特的技巧给所有看到它的人）mentor 导师 I was fortunate to have a mentor who guided me through the early stages of my career.（我很幸运有一位导师在我职业生涯的早期阶段指导我。）masculinity 阳刚之气  The society's traditional view of masculinity is evolving, embracing a more inclusive definition.（社会对男子气概的传统观念正在演变，拥抱更加包容的定义。）adolescent 青春期 The adolescent stage is a crucial period of development and self-discovery.（青少年阶段是一个关键的发展和自我探索时期。）ad

Are worms the heroes we didn't know we needed? Silent, slimy and wriggling, you might think that worms are good for nothing except bait on the end of a fishing rod. However, there is more to the humble worm than meets the eye.蠕虫难道不是我们自己知道所需要的英雄吗？ 它静静的、黏糊糊的、扭来扭去的，你可能会认为蠕虫除了是钓鱼竿的诱饵外，然后就一无是处。 但是，这不起眼的蠕虫远不止这些。The British naturalist Charles Darwin said that no other animal has "played such an important part in the history of the world as these lowly organised creatures". They have lived on Earth for 600 million years and have even survived five mass extinctions. So, what do worms do that is so great?英国博物学家查尔斯达尔文说: 没有其他动物像这些低等组织的生物一样在世界历史上发挥了如此重要的作用。它们在地球上生活了 6 亿年，甚至在五次大灭绝中幸存了下来。那么，蠕虫有什么厉害之处呢？Earthworms literally move the earth, and this is why farmers love them. As they travel, they aerate the soil by loosening, mixing and oxygenating it, which increases the ground's capacity to hold and drain water. They are effectively a small but very efficient plough. But it's not just earthworms that deserve praise.蚯蚓确实移动了地球，这就是农民喜欢它们的原因。当它们移动时，它们通过松土、混合和充氧来使土壤通气，从而增加地面保存和排水的能力。它们实际上是一种小而高效的犁。但值得表扬的不仅仅是蚯蚓。In 2022, a group of scientists at the Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research isolated enzymes found in wax worm saliva which are plastic-eating. These can break down polyethylene, a very common plastic that normally degrades over many years. It's hoped that by producing these enzymes on an industry-level scale, we will have a more environmentally friendly way to reduce plastic pollution.2022 年，玛格丽塔萨拉斯生物研究中心的一组科学家分离出在吃塑料的蜡虫唾液中发现的酶。这些酶可以分解聚乙烯，这是一种非常常见的塑料，通常会在多年后降解。希望能够通过工业级规模来生产这些酶，我们将有一种更环保的方式来减少塑料的污染。And worms are even inspiring the building industry. Bloodworms are small sea creatures which burrow into the mud of the ocean floor. Scientists at the University of California, Santa Barbara have been studying their jaws, which are made up of 10% copper proteins and are so strong that they last the worm's entire five-year lifespan. Because of this research, engineers may start using the jaws as inspiration for the design and manufacture of materials like concrete. So, next time you see a worm, show it a little respect. They really are changing the world!蠕虫甚至启发了建筑业。红虫是钻入海底泥浆中的小型海洋生物。加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校的科学家们一直在研究它们的下颚，它由 10% 的铜蛋白组成，非常坚固，可以维持蠕虫的整个五年寿命。由于这项研究，工程师可能会开始使用下颚的这个灵感来设计和制造一些材料如混凝土。所以，下次您看到蠕虫时，请对它表示一点尊重。他们真的正在改变世界！词汇表worm 蠕虫  I saw a worm crawling on the ground after the rain.slimy 黏糊糊的 Be careful not to step on that slimy slug!wriggling 蠕动着的，扭动着的 The fish was wriggling on the end of my fishing line.bait （鱼）饵 We need to use some fresh bait to attract the fish.humble 不起眼的，普通的 He grew up in a humble little village in the countryside.naturalist 博物学家 My friend is a naturalist who studies birds in the forest.lowly 低等的 She started her career in a lowly position, but now she's the CEO.creature 动物，生物 The ocean is home to a wide variety of fascinating creatures.mass extinction （生物）聚群绝灭 The dinosaur era is known for the mass extinction that occurred.earthworm 蚯蚓 Earthworms are beneficial for the soil as they aerate it.aerate 使（土壤）透气 It's important to aerate the compost pile to speed up decomposition.soil 土壤 The farmer tested the soil to determine its nutrient content.loosen 松动 Use a shovel to loosen the soil before planting the flowers.oxygenate 给…供氧 Plants release oxygen and help to oxygenate the surrounding air.plough 犁 The farmer used a plough to prepare the field for planting.enzyme 酶 Enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion of food in our bodies.wax worm 蜡虫 Wax worms are commonly used as fishing bait.saliva 唾液 The dentist asked me to rinse my mouth and spit out the saliva.plastic-eating 分解塑料的 Scientists are researching plastic-eating bacteria to combat pollution.bloodworm 血虫 Fish are attracted to the movement of bloodworms in the water.burrow 钻，打洞 The rabbit dug a burrow to create a safe shelter.jaws 口部 The shark's jaws are lined with rows of sharp teeth.

Earth is now considered to be in a “danger zone,” a new study says. An international group of scientists called Earth Commission did the study. It appeared in the publication Nature. The researchers report that conditions on Earth have pushed past seven of eight safety limits established by science. The experts say the planet is very sick and all life, humans included, face extreme risks as a result. The study examines climate, air pollution, fertilizer pollution in water, groundwater supplies, fresh surface water, the unbuilt natural environment and the larger human-built environment. The research shows each of those areas have passed into dangerous conditions worldwide. Only air pollution is within the identified safety zone, the scientists report.一项新研究称，地球现在被认为处于“危险地带”。一个名为地球委员会的国际科学家小组进行了这项研究。它出现在《自然》杂志上。研究人员报告说，地球上的条件已经超过了科学规定的八个安全极限中的七个。专家说，地球病得很重，包括人类在内的所有生命都因此面临极端风险。该研究考察了气候、空气污染、水中肥料污染、地下水供应、地表淡水、未建成的自然环境和更大的人造环境。研究表明，这些地区中的每一个都已在全球范围内陷入危险境地。科学家报告说，只有空气污染在确定的安全区内。However, the report notes that air pollution is dangerous at local levels. The study found problem “hot spot” areas throughout the world, much of it from climate change. About two-thirds of Earth does not meet safe levels for freshwater supply, scientists said. Joyeeta Gupta is the Earth Commission co-chair and professor of environment at the University of Amsterdam. She told reporters that if planet Earth went to a medical exam, “our doctor would say that the Earth is really quite sick right now and it … is also affecting the people living on Earth.” But the planet can recover if people make changes, the researchers report. Such reforms would include reducing the use of coal, oil and natural gas and improving treatment of land and water, the scientists said.然而，报告指出，空气污染在地方层面是危险的。该研究发现了世界各地的问题“热点”地区，其中大部分来自气候变化。科学家说，地球上大约三分之二的地区不符合淡水供应的安全水平。 Joyeeta Gupta 是阿姆斯特丹大学地球委员会联合主席和环境学教授。她告诉记者，如果地球去体检，“我们的医生会说，地球现在真的病得很厉害，它……也影响到生活在地球上的人们。”但研究人员报告说，如果人们做出改变，地球就能恢复。科学家说，此类改革将包括减少煤炭、石油和天然气的使用，以及改善土地和水的处理。But “we are moving in the wrong direction on basically all of these,” said study lead author Johan Rockstrom, from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. The team of about 40 scientists created measurable boundaries for each environmental category. They decided the level where it is safe for the planet. The point at which it becomes harmful for groups of people, the researchers called a justice issue. Rockstrom said he thinks of those points as setting up “a safety fence’’ outside of which the risks become higher, but not necessarily disastrous. Rockstrom and other scientists have attempted in the past this type of measuring of Earth’s connected ecosystems. The big difference in this attempt is that scientists also looked at local and area levels and added the idea of justice.但是，“我们基本上在所有这些方面都朝着错误的方向前进，”来自德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的研究主要作者 Johan Rockstrom 说。这个由大约 40 名科学家组成的团队为每个环境类别创建了可测量的界限。他们决定了地球安全的水平。研究人员称它对人群有害的程度称为正义问题。 Rockstrom 说，他认为这些要点是建立“安全围栏”，在围栏之外风险会更高，但不一定是灾难性的。 Rockstrom 和其他科学家过去曾尝试过对地球相连的生态系统进行这种测量。这次尝试的最大不同在于，科学家们还着眼于地方和地区层面，并加入了正义的理念。The justice part includes fairness between young and old generations, different nations and even different species. Frequently, it applies to conditions that harm people more than the planet. An example of that is climate change. The report uses the same boundary of 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming that international leaders agreed upon in the 2015 Paris climate agreement. The world has so far warmed about 1.1 degrees Celsius so it has not crossed that safety fence, Rockstrom and Gupta said. But that does not mean people are not being hurt. “What we are trying to show through our paper is that even at 1 degree Centigrade there is a huge amount of damage taking place,” Gupta said. The planetary safety boundary of 1.5 degrees has not been reached. But the “just” boundary of 1 degree where people are hurt has been.正义部分包括年轻一代和老一代之间、不同国家甚至不同物种之间的公平。通常，它适用于对人类的伤害大于对地球的伤害。这方面的一个例子是气候变化。该报告使用了国际领导人在 2015 年巴黎气候协议中商定的 1.5 摄氏度升温边界。 Rockstrom 和 Gupta 说，到目前为止，世界已经变暖了大约 1.1 摄氏度，因此还没有超过安全栅栏。但这并不意味着人们没有受到伤害。 “我们试图通过我们的论文表明，即使在 1 摄氏度时，也会发生巨大的破坏，”古普塔说。尚未达到 1.5 度的行星安全边界。但是人们受到伤害的 1 度的“公正”边界已经存在Stanford environmental studies head Chris Field was not part of the research. He said he would want even more strict boundaries. “Sustainability and justice are inseparable,” he said.斯坦福大学环境研究负责人克里斯菲尔德没有参与这项研究。他说他想要更严格的界限。 “可持续性和正义是密不可分的，”他说。

From artificial lights to late-night TV and now our smartphones, modern life is often blamed for ruining our sleep. But this study suggests our ancestors didn't get any more sleep than we do.从人造灯到深夜电视，再到现在的智能手机，人们常常指责现代生活破坏了我们的睡眠。 但这项研究表明，我们的祖先并没有比我们睡得更多。The researchers monitored traditional societies in Namibia, Tanzania and Bolivia, where people live like ancient hunter-gatherers once did. They found they slept on average six and a half hours a night.研究人员监测了纳米比亚、坦桑尼亚和玻利维亚的传统社会，那里的人们过着古代狩猎采集者的生活。 他们发现他们平均每晚睡六个半小时。Surprisingly, natural light didn't have as big an influence as was thought. Most people fell asleep hours after sunset. However, temperature was important. The morning's coldest point was when most people woke up. Insomnia was also extremely rare.令人惊讶的是，自然光的影响并没有想象的那么大。 大多数人在日落后几个小时就睡着了。 然而，温度很重要。 早上最冷的时候是大多数人醒来的时候。失眠也极为罕见。词汇表artificial lights 人工照明ruining 破坏traditional 传统的 （这里指古老的、远古社会）hunter-gatherers 依靠狩猎为生的人natural light 自然光insomnia 失眠

A green area of grass called a lawn has been popular in American yards for a long time. But a growing number of gardeners and homeowners now consider the lawn as something that belongs in the past.Dennis Liu of the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation in Durham, North Carolina, said “America is unique in its fixation on the monoculture lawn.” Monoculture is a term that means growing only one species. Now, drought, falling insect populations and other environmental issues could show the need for more kinds of plants in spaces large and small. Some cities are taking steps against lawns. Las Vegas, for example, is banning all grass lawns and requiring their removal.很长一段时间以来，美国院子里流行一种叫做草坪的绿地。但现在越来越多的园丁和房主认为草坪已成为过去。E.O. 的 Dennis Liu。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的威尔逊生物多样性基金会表示，“美国在单一栽培草坪上的执着是独一无二的。”单一栽培是一个术语，意思是只种植一个物种。现在，干旱、昆虫数量下降和其他环境问题可能表明需要在大大小小的空间中种植更多种类的植物。一些城市正在对草坪采取措施。例如，拉斯维加斯禁止所有草坪并要求将其拆除。The city has struggled with water scarcity, an issue that is likely to become worse in the coming years. Other cities are handing out lawn signs with “healthy yard” written on them. The idea is to encourage homeowners who do not use lawn chemicals or cut their grass less often. Many towns are making rules about common tools like gas-powered leaf blowers and mowers, mostly because of noise. In parts of the U.S., people are experimenting with more “eco-friendly” lawns. They are planting seed mixes with native grasses that do not need as much water.这座城市一直在与水资源短缺作斗争，这个问题在未来几年可能会变得更糟。其他城市正在分发写有“健康庭院”的草坪标志。这个想法是为了鼓励不使用草坪化学品或不经常割草的房主。许多城镇正在制定关于气动吹叶机和割草机等常用工具的规定，主要是因为噪音。在美国部分地区，人们正在试验更“环保”的草坪。他们正在种植不需要那么多水的本地草的混合种子。Others are cutting the grass in their lawns less and letting old plant enemies such as dandelions and clover grow. Still others are trying to replace lawns, completely or bit by bit, with garden beds that are friendly for important insects such as bees.These measures can lead to a more natural-looking yard. The pandemic has sped up the move away from lawns. Gardening has grown as a hobby, and many non-gardeners spent more time at home. They are paying more attention to the natural world around them. Alicia Holloway is a University of Georgia Extension agent in Barrow County. She believes that many people realized that their yards cannot just be decorative – something that looks nice but has no use. Holloway said “It has to serve some other purpose, whether food, habitat … pack in as many uses as you can.” She described the change as “a shift in thought.”其他人正在减少草坪上的草，让蒲公英和三叶草等老植物敌人生长。还有一些人正在尝试用对蜜蜂等重要昆虫友好的花园床完全或一点一点地取代草坪。这些措施可以使庭院看起来更自然。大流行加快了人们离开草坪的速度。园艺已经成为一种爱好，许多非园艺爱好者在家里度过了更多的时间。他们更加关注周围的自然世界。 Alicia Holloway 是佐治亚大学巴罗县的推广代理人。她相信很多人都意识到他们的院子不能只是装饰——看起来不错但没有用的东西。 Holloway 说：“它必须有其他用途，无论是食物、栖息地……尽可能多地使用。”她将这种变化描述为“思想的转变”。The American lawn is not disappearing anytime soon. Many homeowner groups still have rules about keeping yards cleanly cut. And lawn service companies offer work aimed at keeping up large grassy areas. Andrew Bray, vice president of government relations for the National Association of Landscape Professionals, a trade group, says lawns are still the most popular choice in the United States. People want neat outdoor spaces for relaxing, playing and entertaining. He says his group supports the goal of making lawn care more environmentally friendly. But, he added, he believes some recent laws, like those against gas-powered blowers and mowers, have created a “fraught political environment.” Fraught is a term that means having a lot of stress or worry.美国草坪不会很快消失。许多房主团体仍然有关于保持院子干净整洁的规定。草坪服务公司提供旨在维护大片草地的工作。行业组织全国景观专业协会政府关系副总裁安德鲁·布雷说，草坪仍然是美国最受欢迎的选择。人们想要整洁的户外空间来放松、玩耍和娱乐。他说他的团队支持使草坪护理更加环保的目标。但是，他补充说，他认为最近的一些法律，例如针对燃气动力鼓风机和割草机的法律，已经造成了“令人担忧的政治环境”。 Fraught 是一个术语，意思是有很多压力或担心。Liu said it is hard to overcome tradition and expectations of neighbors. He added that a lawn looks clean, “and it’s easy to keep doing what you’re doing.” But Liu added: “Once you’ve established a new equilibrium, it’s easier,” and there are good results.刘说，很难克服邻居的传统和期望。他补充说，草坪看起来很干净，“而且很容易继续做你正在做的事情。”但刘补充说：“一旦你建立了新的平衡，就容易多了，”而且有很好的效果。

Rugby is often played in the wealthy areas outside of Zimbabwe’s major cities. Now the sport has moved into poor areas where young women are playing to escape from poverty and early marriage. Organizers of the rugby clubs say playing rugby will not ease their economic struggles. But, they hope it can provide a place for young women to go instead of spending time in the streets. Zimbabwe’s economy is weak. There are fewer jobs than before. And the value of Zimbabwean money is falling fast.橄榄球运动经常在津巴布韦主要城市以外的富裕地区进行。现在这项运动已经进入了贫困地区，年轻女性在这里玩球以摆脱贫困和早婚。橄榄球俱乐部的组织者表示，打橄榄球不会缓解他们的经济困境。但是，他们希望它能为年轻女性提供一个去处，而不是在街上消磨时间。津巴布韦经济疲软。工作比以前少了。津巴布韦货币的价值正在快速下降。The area of Domboshava is only 27 kilometers from Harare, the capital city. It is a center for the transportation of farm produce like vegetables and fruit. But the area is also a center for sex work where young girls would make as little as two dollars.↳ Takudzwa Ngirazi coaches the all-female Zimbiru Academy Rugby Club in Domboshava. He said he wanted the girls "to stay away from the streets.”东博沙瓦地区距首都哈拉雷仅27公里。它是蔬菜和水果等农产品的运输中心。但该地区也是性工作中心，年轻女孩在那里只能赚到两美元。↳ Takudzwa Ngirazi 是 Domboshava 的全女子 Zimbiru 学院橄榄球俱乐部的教练。他说他希望女孩们“远离街头”。Caroline Makari is the 46-year-old team manager. She said, “If (the girls) are training four days a week and they have a game on Saturday, it gives them very little time to think about anything else.” Twenty-year-old Bridget Magasu is one of the players on the Zimbiru team. Most of the young women are from poor families. Many had never touched a rugby ball a few years ago. Now Zimbiru is part of a 15-team league. Magasu spoke with reporters from Reuters during practice at the Zimbiru Primary School in Domboshava. "Rugby has changed my life because I spend most of my time at the ground. This protects me (from) other social ills like drugs and substance abuse,” she said.Caroline Makari 是 46 岁的球队经理。她说，“如果（女孩们）每周训练四天，而她们在周六有一场比赛，那么她们几乎没有时间考虑其他事情。” 20 岁的 Bridget Magasu 是 Zimbiru 队的队员之一。大多数年轻女性来自贫困家庭。许多人几年前从未接触过橄榄球。现在 Zimbiru 是 15 支球队联盟的一部分。 Magasu 在 Domboshava 的 Zimbiru 小学练习期间接受了路透社的记者采访。 “橄榄球改变了我的生活，因为我大部分时间都在球场上度过。这可以保护我（免受）其他社会弊病，如毒品和药物滥用，”她说。Their training sessions include running, passing and fighting for the ball called a “scrum.”Since there is little to no financial support for the teams, all of this is done on a limited budget. The girls eat sugarcane for quick energy during training. "Sometimes during our games, we go with no food. Funding bus fares is also hard for us," Ngirazi said. Four of Zimbiru's players have made it to Zimbabwe’s under-20 and under-18 teams.他们的训练课程包括奔跑、传球和争球，称为“scrum”。由于对团队的财政支持很少甚至没有，所有这些都是在有限的预算下完成的。女孩们在训练期间吃甘蔗以快速补充能量。 “有时在我们的比赛中，我们没有食物。资助公共汽车票价对我们来说也很困难，”Ngirazi 说。津比鲁的四名球员已经进入津巴布韦 20 岁以下和 18 岁以下球队。

The United States is offering ten American lighthouses for new owners. The lighthouses have stood along ocean and lake coasts for generations to help guide and protect ship and boat travel. The General Services Administration (GSA) operates the lighthouse release program. It aims to preserve the properties. Most of the buildings are more than 100 years old. Modern technology, including satellites, means lighthouses are no longer required for navigation, said John Kelly of GSA. And while the Coast Guard often keeps aids to navigation at or near the lighthouses, the structures themselves mostly go unused.美国正在为新主人提供十座美国灯塔。几代人以来，灯塔一直矗立在海洋和湖泊沿岸，帮助引导和保护船只航行。总务管理局 (GSA) 负责执行灯塔发布计划。它的目的是保护财产。大多数建筑物的历史都超过 100 年。 GSA 的约翰·凯利 (John Kelly) 说，包括卫星在内的现代技术意味着导航不再需要灯塔。虽然海岸警卫队经常在灯塔或灯塔附近放置航标，但这些结构本身大多未被使用。Yet the public likes to visit the tall, bright white towers. Many are popular with tourists, and are also subjects of photographs, paintings and other art. The GSA has been changing ownership of lighthouses since Congress passed the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act in 2000. About 150 lighthouses have changed ownership, 80 or so given away and another 70 sold. The program has raised more than $10 million.然而，公众喜欢参观高大、明亮的白色塔楼。许多深受游客欢迎，也是摄影、绘画和其他艺术的题材。自国会于 2000 年通过《国家历史灯塔保护法》以来，GSA 一直在改变灯塔的所有权。大约 150 座灯塔改变了所有权，其中 80 座左右被赠予，另外 70 座被出售。该计划已筹集了超过 1000 万美元。This year, six lighthouses are being offered at no cost to federal, state, or local government agencies, nonprofits, educational organizations, or other groups. New owners must agree and be able to make repairs and preserve the buildings. They also have to make the lighthouses available to the public for educational, recreational, or cultural purposes.↳ The buildings offered include the 10.4-meter tall Plymouth/Gurnet Light in Massachusetts. The eight-sided wooden structure dates to 1842. But, a lighthouse has been at the site since 1768. The site was the first to employ a woman as lighthouse keeper. John Kelly’s personal favorite of the structures is Warwick Neck Light, in Warwick, Rhode Island. The 15.5-meter-tall lighthouse dates to 1827. It was an important navigation tool for sea travelers making their way to Providence, Rhode Island.今年，有六座灯塔免费提供给联邦、州或地方政府机构、非营利组织、教育组织或其他团体。新业主必须同意并能够进行维修和保护建筑物。他们还必须向公众开放灯塔，用于教育、娱乐或文化目的。↳ 提供的建筑物包括马萨诸塞州 10.4 米高的普利茅斯/戈内特灯塔。八面木结构的历史可追溯至 1842 年。但是，自 1768 年以来，这里就有一座灯塔。该地点是第一个雇用女性担任灯塔管理员的地点。 John Kelly 个人最喜欢的结构是位于罗得岛州沃里克的 Warwick Neck Light。这座 15.5 米高的灯塔可追溯至 1827 年。它是海上旅客前往罗德岛普罗维登斯的重要导航工具。Other lighthouses being offered at no cost include Lynde Point Lighthouse in Old Saybrook, Connecticut and Erie Harbor North Pier Lighthouse in Pennsylvania. Nonprofits already care for some of the lighthouses. The groups can request to continue doing so, Kelly said. If a new owner is not found for a lighthouse, it goes on market to be sold for the highest price offered. Four lighthouses are to be sold this year. Cleveland Harbor West Pierhead Light in Ohio is one of them. The 15.5-meter steel tower was built in 1911 and rises above Lake Erie. The property can be reached by boat only but provides an extensive view of Cleveland’s skyline. Some lighthouse owners have made the buildings their private homes and enjoy the unusual living situation. The lighthouses “all have their own interesting history,” Kelly said.其他免费提供的灯塔包括康涅狄格州老塞布鲁克的林德角灯塔和宾夕法尼亚州的伊利港北码头灯塔。非营利组织已经在关注一些灯塔。凯利说，这些团体可以要求继续这样做。如果找不到灯塔的新主人，它就会进入市场以最高价格出售。今年将出售四座灯塔。俄亥俄州的克利夫兰港西码头灯塔就是其中之一。这座 15.5 米高的钢塔建于 1911 年，高耸于伊利湖之上。该物业只能乘船抵达，但可以欣赏到克利夫兰天际线的广阔景色。一些灯塔业主将这些建筑作为自己的私人住宅，享受着不寻常的居住环境。灯塔“都有自己有趣的历史，”凯利说。

The proposed cull will involve the killing of two million feral cats that the Australian government says are decimating many threatened species which the cats prey on.拟议的扑杀行动将涉及杀死 200 万只野猫，澳大利亚政府表示，这些野猫正在消灭许多受威胁的猫科动物捕食物种。Earlier this year Brigitte Bardot, a prominent animal rights campaigner, described the cull as 'animal genocide'. Morrissey has called the cull 'idiocy', adding that wild cats are smaller versions of Cecil, the Lion, which was killed amid much publicity and outrage by an American hunter in Zimbabwe earlier this year.今年早些时候，著名的动物权利活动家碧姬·芭铎 (Brigitte Bardot) 将此次扑杀描述为“动物种族灭绝”。 莫里西称这次捕杀是“愚蠢的”，并补充说野猫是狮子塞西尔的较小版本，塞西尔今年早些时候在津巴布韦被一名美国猎人杀害，引发了广泛的宣传和愤怒。Now Australia's Threatened Species Commissioner Gregory Andrews has written to both – Bardot and Morrissey – explaining the policy. He says feral cats are an invasive species, not native to Australia, and that they've already led to the extinction of at least 27 Australian mammals, including the desert bandicoot and long-eared hopping mouse.现在，澳大利亚濒危物种专员格雷戈里·安德鲁斯 (Gregory Andrews) 已致函 Bardot 和 Morrissey，解释了这项政策。 他说野猫是一种入侵物种，不是澳大利亚本土的，它们已经导致至少 27 种澳大利亚哺乳动物灭绝，包括沙漠袋狸和长耳跳鼠。词汇表cull  （为减少数量）宰杀feral  野生的decimating  大量杀死prey on  捕食animal rights campaigner  保护动物权利人士(animal) genocide  （动物）灭杀，大屠杀outrage  义愤policy  政策，行动extinction  灭绝

Sweden is getting close to becoming the first “smoke-free” country in the European Union (EU). The country of 10.5 million people has had the lowest percentage of smokers in the EU for many years. A country is “smoke-free” if less than five percent of the population smokes daily. Only 6.4 percent of Swedes over the age of 15 were daily smokers in 2019. That was the lowest percentage in the EU. The Eurostat statistics agency says that across the 27 countries of the EU, the average was 18.5 percent. Data from the Public Health Agency of Sweden show that the smoking rate has continued to fall, reaching 5.6 percent last year.瑞典即将成为欧盟 (EU) 中第一个“无烟”国家。这个拥有 1050 万人口的国家多年来一直是欧盟吸烟者比例最低的国家。如果每天吸烟的人口少于 5%，那么这个国家就是“无烟”国家。 2019 年，只有 6.4% 的 15 岁以上瑞典人每天吸烟。这是欧盟中最低的百分比。欧盟统计局表示，在欧盟 27 个国家中，平均比例为 18.5%。瑞典公共卫生署的数据显示，吸烟率持续下降，去年达到5.6%。“We like a healthy way to live, I think that’s the reason,” said Carina Astorsson, who lives in Stockholm. Smoking never interested her, she added, because “I don’t like the smell; I want to take care of my body.” Sweden says its anti-smoking actions improve health in several ways, including a lower rate of lung cancer. Ulrika Arehed is secretary-general of the Swedish Cancer Society. She said Sweden was early to limit smoking in public places such as school playgrounds. Later, the country added smoking bans for outdoor restaurants and bus stations. The country also increased taxes on cigarettes and changed rules on how they can be sold.“我们喜欢健康的生活方式，我认为这就是原因，”住在斯德哥尔摩的 Carina Astorsson 说。她补充说，她从来没有对吸烟感兴趣，因为“我不喜欢它的味道；我要照顾好自己的身体。”瑞典表示，其禁烟行动以多种方式改善健康状况，包括降低肺癌发病率。 Ulrika Arehed 是瑞典癌症协会的秘书长。她说，瑞典很早就开始限制在学校操场等公共场所吸烟。后来，国家在户外餐厅和汽车站增加了禁烟令。该国还提高了香烟税并改变了香烟销售方式的规定。However, other forms of tobacco remain popular in Sweden. Snus is a wet tobacco powder placed in the mouth next to the teeth. Snus makers say their products help reduce cigarette smoking. But health officials say snus is another product that makes people addicted to nicotine, the main drug in tobacco. “It is true that smoking is more harmful than most things you can do, including snus. But…there are many health risks even with snus,” said Arehed.然而，其他形式的烟草在瑞典仍然很受欢迎。鼻烟是一种湿的烟草粉末，放在嘴里靠近牙齿的地方。鼻烟制造商说他们的产品有助于减少吸烟。但卫生官员表示，鼻烟是另一种让人对尼古丁上瘾的产品，尼古丁是烟草中的主要药物。 “的确，吸烟比你能做的大多数事情更有害，包括口含烟。但是……即使使用口含烟也存在许多健康风险，”Arehed 说。Snus is such a popular part of Swedish culture that the country demanded an exemption to the EU’s ban on smokeless tobacco when it joined the EU in 1995. Patrik Hildingsson is a spokesman for Swedish Match, Sweden’s top snus maker. He said officials should urge the tobacco industry to develop less harmful choices to smoking such as snus and e-cigarettes. If snus and similar products are included, the World Health Organization (WHO) notes that more than 20 percent of adults in Sweden use tobacco. This brings Sweden close to the world average.鼻烟在瑞典文化中如此受欢迎，以至于该国在 1995 年加入欧盟时要求豁免欧盟对无烟烟草的禁令。帕特里克希尔丁森是瑞典顶级鼻烟制造商瑞典火柴的发言人。他说，官员们应该敦促烟草业开发对吸烟危害较小的选择，例如口含烟和电子烟。如果包括口含烟和类似产品，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 指出，瑞典 20% 以上的成年人使用烟草。这使瑞典接近世界平均水平。“Switching from one harmful product to another is not a solution,” the WHO said in an email to The Associated Press. Tove Marina Sohlberg is a researcher at Stockholm University’s Department of Public Health Sciences. She said Sweden’s anti-smoking rules have pushed smokers away from public spaces. “We are sending signals to the smokers that this is not accepted by society,” she said. The WHO marked “World No Tobacco Day” on Wednesday.“从一种有害产品转向另一种产品并不是解决方案，”世卫组织在给美联社的电子邮件中说。 Tove Marina Sohlberg 是斯德哥尔摩大学公共卫生科学系的研究员。她说，瑞典的禁烟规定让吸烟者远离公共场所。 “我们正在向吸烟者发出信号，表明社会不接受这种做法，”她说。世界卫生组织于周三纪念“世界无烟日”。

New York City is slowly sinking. With the weight of its tall buildings, streets and people, the city is sinking at an average rate of 1 to 2 millimeters each year, a new study says. The sinking is called “subsidence.” That natural process happens everywhere as ground is compressed. But the study published in the publication Earth's Future in May sought to estimate how the huge weight of the city itself is hurrying things along. More than 1 million buildings are spread across the city’s five boroughs. The research team found that all those structures add up to about 1.5 trillion metric tons of concrete, metal and glass. That is equal to the mass of 4,700 Empire State buildings pressing down on the Earth.纽约市正在慢慢下沉。一项新的研究表明，由于高楼、街道和人群的重量，这座城市每年平均下沉 1 至 2 毫米。下沉称为“沉降”。随着地面被压缩，这种自然过程无处不在。但 5 月份发表在《地球的未来》杂志上的这项研究试图估计这座城市本身的巨大重量是如何推动事情发展的。超过 100 万座建筑物分布在该市的五个行政区。研究小组发现，所有这些结构加起来约有 1.5 万亿公吨的混凝土、金属和玻璃。这相当于 4,700 座帝国大厦压在地球上的质量。The rate of compression is different throughout the city. Midtown Manhattan's tall buildings, or skyscrapers, are largely built on rock, which compresses very little. But some parts of Brooklyn, Queens and downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and sinking faster, the study said. While the process is slow, parts of the city will eventually be under water, said Tom Parsons. He is the lead researcher of the U.S. Geological Survey. Making the problem worse is rising sea level. “The ground is going down, and the water’s coming up. At some point, those two levels will meet,” said Parsons.整个城市的压缩率是不同的。曼哈顿中城的高层建筑或摩天大楼主要建在岩石上，岩石的压缩力很小。但该研究称，布鲁克林、皇后区和曼哈顿市中心的部分地区土壤松散，下沉速度更快。汤姆帕森斯说，虽然这个过程很缓慢，但城市的部分地区最终将被淹没。他是美国地质调查局的首席研究员。使问题更糟的是海平面上升。 “地面在下沉，水在上涨。在某个时候，这两个级别会相遇，”帕森斯说。Parsons and his team of researchers reached their conclusions using satellite imaging, data modeling and mathematical calculations. It will take hundreds of years before New York becomes Venice. The city in Italy is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea. But parts of New York are more at risk. Parsons said that Manhattan is at risk because of the borough’s large weight. “The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only 1 or 2 meters above sea level — it is very close to the waterline, and so it is a deep concern.” The ocean is rising at a similar rate that the land is sinking. So the Earth's changing climate could speed up the process for parts of the city to go under water.帕森斯和他的研究团队通过卫星成像、数据建模和数学计算得出了他们的结论。纽约成为威尼斯需要数百年的时间。意大利的这座城市以沉入亚得里亚海而闻名。但纽约部分地区面临的风险更大。帕森斯表示，曼哈顿正处于危险之中，因为该行政区的权重很大。 “岛南部平均海拔只有1、2米，离吃水线很近，令人深感忧虑。”海洋上升的速度与陆地下沉的速度相似。因此，地球不断变化的气候可能会加速城市部分地区被淹没的过程。“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings…,” Parsons said. "The purpose was to point this out in advance before it becomes a bigger problem.” Already, New York City is at risk of flooding because of large storms. Storms like Sandy in 2012 caused the ocean to expand inland and flooded neighborhoods after a lot of rain. Andrew Kruczkiewicz is a senior researcher at Columbia University’s Climate School, who was not involved in the research. Kruczkiewicz said the study’s findings could help inform policy makers as they plan ways to slow the rising seas. “We can’t sit around and wait..,” he added.“这并不意味着我们应该停止建造建筑物……”帕森斯说。 “目的是在它成为一个更大的问题之前提前指出这一点。”由于大风暴，纽约市已经面临洪水泛滥的风险。像 2012 年的桑迪这样的风暴导致海洋向内陆扩张，并在大量降雨后淹没了社区。Andrew Kruczkiewicz 是哥伦比亚大学气候学院的高级研究员，他不是Kruczkiewicz 说，这项研究的结果可以帮助政策制定者规划减缓海平面上升的方法。“我们不能坐等……”他补充道。New York City is not the only place sinking. San Francisco, California, is also at risk because of pressure on the ground and the area’s active earthquakes. In Indonesia, the government is preparing for a move from Jakarta, which is sinking into the Java Sea. The government is building a new capital being constructed on the higher ground of an entirely different island.纽约市并不是唯一下沉的地方。由于地面压力和该地区的活跃地震，加利福尼亚州旧金山也处于危险之中。在印度尼西亚，政府正准备从正在沉入爪哇海的雅加达转移。政府正在一个完全不同的岛屿的地势较高的地方建造一座新首都。

A recent study says fossil remains of a top meat-eating animal living 250 million years ago, which had only been found in the world’s northern half, also lived in South Africa. The scientists all have links to South Africa. They reported on fossils of a large ancestor to today’s mammals called Inostrancevia. The creature had only been known from fossils found in Russia near the Artic Sea until the new fossils were discovered at a farm in central South Africa. The fossils suggest that Inostrancevia left its native area and moved about 12,000 kilometers over a period of hundreds or thousands of years. During that period, most of the world’s big landmasses were connected in what scientists call Pangea.最近的一项研究表明，生活在 2.5 亿年前的顶级食肉动物的化石遗骸也生活在南非，这种动物仅在世界北半部发现过。这些科学家都与南非有联系。他们报告了今天哺乳动物的大型祖先的化石，称为 Inostrancevia。直到在南非中部的一个农场发现新化石之前，人们只是从俄罗斯靠近北冰洋的化石中才知道这种生物。化石表明，Inostrancevia 离开了它的原生区域，并在数百或数千年的时间里移动了大约 12,000 公里。在那段时期，世界上大部分的大陆地都连接在科学家们称之为盘古大陆的地方。Inostrancevia filled the ecological place of a top meat-eating animal in South Africa that had been missing after four other species had died out. "However, it did not survive there long," said Christian Kammerer. He is a scientist with the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Kammerer studies fossils and was the lead writer of the research published in Current Biology. "They have no living descendants, but they are a member of the larger group called synapsids, which includes mammals as living representatives," Kammerer added. Kammerer noted that Inostrancevia and all of its closest relatives disappeared in the mass extinction called "the Great Dying." The event took place at the end of what Earth scientists, or geologists, call the Permian Period.Inostrancevia 填补了南非一种顶级食肉动物的生态空间，这种动物在其他四种物种灭绝后就消失了。 “然而，它并没有在那里存活太久，”Christian Kammerer 说。他是北卡罗来纳自然科学博物馆的科学家。 Kammerer 研究化石，并且是发表在《当代生物学》(Current Biology) 上的研究的主要作者。 “它们没有现存的后代，但它们是更大的突触类群的成员，其中包括哺乳动物作为现存代表，”Kammerer 补充道。 Kammerer 指出，Inostrancevia 及其所有近亲都在被称为“大灭绝”的大规模灭绝中消失了。该事件发生在地球科学家或地质学家所说的二叠纪末期。Scientists believe that life on Earth was under pressure about 250 million years ago. Some scientists say volcanic activity in today’s Russian area called Siberia warmed Earth temperatures. It caused up to 90 percent of species to die out. Inostrancevia is part of a group of animals called protomammals that combined reptile-like and mammal-like features. It was three to four meters long and had a large, long head with a set of huge teeth it used to kill and eat other animals. If the animals were small enough, Inostrancevia swallowed them whole. Inostrancevia was structured differently from both reptiles and mammals but was usual for protomammals. It carried itself in a way that was neither flat to the ground like reptiles nor standing tall like mammals. It also lacked facial muscles found in mammals and did not produce milk.科学家认为，地球上的生命在大约 2.5 亿年前就处于压力之下。一些科学家说，今天俄罗斯称为西伯利亚的地区的火山活动使地球温度升高。它导致高达 90% 的物种灭绝。 Inostrancevia 是一组称为原始哺乳动物的动物的一部分，它们结合了爬行动物和哺乳动物的特征。它身长三四米，长着一个又大又长的脑袋，上面长着一排巨大的牙齿，用来杀死和吃掉其他动物。如果这些动物足够小，Inostrancevia 就会将它们整个吞下。 Inostrancevia 的结构不同于爬行动物和哺乳动物，但通常用于原始哺乳动物。它的行走方式既不像爬行动物那样平放在地上，也不像哺乳动物那样直立。它还缺乏哺乳动物的面部肌肉，并且不产奶。"Whether these animals were furry or not remains an open question," Kammerer said. The mass extinction happened over about one million years. It led to the rise of dinosaurs during the following Triassic Period. The scientists noted that top meat-eating animals are especially affected by extinction because they require the most food and space. The researchers said they see similarities between the Permian mass extinction and today’s climate change problem.“这些动物是否有毛茸茸仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，”Kammerer 说。大灭绝发生了大约一百万年。它导致了随后的三叠纪时期恐龙的兴起。科学家指出，顶级食肉动物尤其容易受到灭绝的影响，因为它们需要最多的食物和空间。研究人员表示，他们看到了二叠纪大灭绝与当今气候变化问题之间的相似之处。Pia Viglietti is with the Field Museum in Chicago. She helped write the study. She said unlike the animals that came before us during the Permian Period, “we actually have the ability to do something to prevent this kind of ecosystem crisis from happening again.”Pia Viglietti 在芝加哥的菲尔德博物馆工作。她帮助撰写了这项研究。她说，与二叠纪时期出现在我们面前的动物不同，“我们实际上有能力做一些事情来防止这种生态系统危机再次发生。”

In a fast-paced world, where stress and mental fatigue seem commonplace, we're constantly looking for new ways to unwind. Some people take a hot bath, watch a film, go for a run, or listen to slower tempo music to help them relax. But what about the chirrups and whistles of birdsong or other nature sounds? Could they also help people to let go of the tensions of modern life?在快节奏的世界中，压力和精神疲劳似乎司空见惯，我们一直在寻找新的放松方式。 有些人洗热水澡、看电影、跑步或听慢节奏的音乐来帮助他们放松。 但是鸟鸣声或其他自然声音的唧唧声和口哨声呢？ 它们还能帮助人们摆脱现代生活的压力吗？According to a study by King's College London in 2022, seeing or hearing birds could help to boost the mental wellbeing of people. Taking a trip to a place rich in birdlife like parks, forests and canals and encountering birds chirping and warbling to each other in the trees could even help to treat some mental health conditions. And it's not just birds that could have a therapeutic effect on our moods. Another study commissioned by the National Trust compared the effects of woodland sounds with voiced meditation apps. The study found listening to birdsong as well as other woodland sounds like leaves crunching underfoot or the gentle trickle of a stream boosted feelings of relaxation 30% more than an app. Other sounds which may help to chill people out are waves lapping on the shore, gentle breezes, and light rainfall.根据伦敦国王学院 2022 年的一项研究，看到或听到鸟类可以帮助提高人们的心理健康。 去公园、森林和运河等鸟类丰富的地方旅行，遇到鸟儿在树上互相鸣叫甚至可以帮助治疗一些心理健康问题。 不仅仅是鸟类可以对我们的情绪产生治疗作用。 国民托管组织委托进行的另一项研究比较了林地声音与有声冥想应用程序的效果。 研究发现，聆听鸟鸣和其他林地声音（例如树叶在脚下嘎吱嘎吱作响或溪流缓缓流淌）比应用程序更能提升 30% 的放松感。 其他可能有助于让人们冷静下来的声音是拍打海岸的海浪、微风和小雨。However, not all of us live in rural surroundings, and depending on where we live, a trip to the countryside to see birds may not be an option. But could the nature sounds that originate there still help you? According to research by California Polytechnic State University, even a recording of the sounds of birds had a profound effect on people's mood, while other studies saw people listening to soundscapes of the coast and forests with similar outcomes to their wellbeing.然而，并非我们所有人都生活在乡村环境中，根据我们居住的地方，去乡村看鸟可能不是一种选择。 但是，发源于那里的自然声音还能对您有所帮助吗？ 根据加州理工州立大学的研究，即使是鸟叫声的录音也会对人们的情绪产生深远的影响，而其他研究则发现人们聆听海岸和森林的音景对他们的幸福感有类似的影响。So, wherever you live, you can access the wonderful sounds of birds and nature, be it during a stroll through a wood or via some headphones. And maybe listening to the chirps, trills, warbles and whistles of some birds could help you to relax after a long, hard day.因此，无论您住在哪里，无论是在树林中漫步还是通过耳机，您都可以听到鸟儿和大自然的美妙声音。 也许聆听一些鸟儿的唧唧声、颤音、鸣叫声和口哨声可以帮助您在漫长而辛苦的一天之后放松身心。词汇表unwind 放松tempo （音乐的）速度，节奏chirrup （鸟）唧唧叫whistle （鸟）鸣叫birdsong 鸟鸣声wellbeing 健康birdlife 鸟类chirp （鸟）啁啾，唧唧叫warble （鸟）啭鸣therapeutic 使人放松的，有疗效的woodland 树林，林地crunch 发出嘎吱嘎吱的声音trickle 涓涓细流chill out 使（人）放松wave lapping 波浪拍打shore （海、湖、河）岸breeze 微风rainfall 下雨rural 乡村的soundscape 声景trill （鸟）啼啭

Scientists spoke to 6,000 adults in eight European countries and found that while many were able to recall phone numbers from their childhood, fewer could remember their current work numbers, or the contact details of family members.科学家与八个欧洲国家的 6,000 名成年人进行了交谈，发现虽然许多人能够回忆起童年时期的电话号码，但很少有人能记住他们目前的工作电话号码或家庭成员的详细联系方式。About a third turned first to computers to recall information.大约三分之一的人首先求助于计算机来回忆信息。British adults seemed to be the worst affected. Only about half knew their partners' phone numbers, compared with four fifths of Italians.英国成年人似乎受影响最严重。 只有大约一半的人知道伴侣的电话号码，而五分之四的意大利人知道这一点。Researchers say people have become accustomed to using digital devices as extensions of their brains, and that repeatedly looking up information does not create a lasting memory in the same way as simple recollection.研究人员表示，人们已经习惯于使用数字设备作为大脑的延伸，反复查找信息并不会像简单的回忆那样产生持久的记忆。词汇表recall 回想起four fifths 五分之四accustomed to 习惯了，习惯于extensions 延展部分lasting 持久的recollection 记忆

Ever since Mount Everest opened to commercial expeditions in the 1990s, climbers have sought to establish world records on the mountain.自 1990 年代珠穆朗玛峰向商业探险开放以来，登山者一直在寻求在这座山上创造世界纪录。The youngest person to reach the summit was a 13-year-old from the United States. The oldest climber was 80.最年轻的登顶者是来自美国的 13 岁少年。 最年长的登山者是80岁。But now Nepal says it wants to limit climbers to between the ages of 18 and 75 in order to better manage the mountain, which has suffered from overcrowding. It’s also considering banning anyone with disabilities.但现在尼泊尔表示，它希望将登山者的年龄限制在 18 至 75 岁之间，以便更好地管理这座因人满为患而饱受折磨的山峰。 它还在考虑禁止任何残疾人。The Nepalese government makes millions of dollars a year from the Everest climbing industry, but recently it’s come under criticism for poor management.尼泊尔政府每年从珠穆朗玛峰攀登业中赚取数百万美元，但最近因管理不善而受到批评。In 2014 the mountain was closed after 16 sherpas died in an accident. And this year the climbing season was also called off after a massive earthquake triggered an avalanche that killed 18 people.2014 年，16 名夏尔巴协作在事故中丧生后，这座山被关闭。 今年，在一场大地震引发导致 18 人丧生的雪崩后，登山季节也被取消。词汇表commercial expeditions  商业探险sought  寻求summit  巅峰overcrowding  过渡拥挤sherpas  夏尔巴向导called off  取消了triggered  引发avalanche  雪崩

Artist Jasmine Cho paints images of both well-known and forgotten Asian Americans. But she does not use paper or canvas to create her art. She uses cookies.艺术家 Jasmine Cho 描绘了知名和被遗忘的亚裔美国人的形象。 但她不使用纸或画布来创作她的艺术。 她用饼干。Cho, who is also a baker, said the sweet treats “are the perfect platform for education, activism and healing…”Cho 也是一名面包师，他说这些甜点“是教育、行动主义和治愈的完美平台……”The 39-year-old Korean American artist calls herself a “cookie activist.” She said she believes her art comes from a feeling of not belonging when she was young.这位 39 岁的美籍韩裔艺术家称自己为“曲奇活动家”。 她说她相信她的艺术来自于她年轻时没有归属感的感觉。Cho has gained fans over the last several years for her detailed cookie faces. Actors Awkwafina, Daniel Dae Kim and Tamlyn Tomita are among those who have praised her cookie designs.在过去的几年里，Cho 因其精致的曲奇脸而赢得了粉丝。 演员 Awkwafina、Daniel Dae Kim 和 Tamlyn Tomita 都对她的曲奇设计赞不绝口。The city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where Cho has lived since 2009, even honored her with a “Jasmine Cho Day” in 2020.Cho 自 2009 年以来一直居住在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市，甚至在 2020 年为她设立了“Jasmine Cho Day”。Back in 2016, Cho was busy making cookies for her online bakery, Yummyholic. She decorated cookies with faces for a friend’s birthday party. The cookies received attention on social media. Soon, others wanted her cookies, too.早在 2016 年，Cho 就忙着为她的在线面包店 Yummyholic 制作饼干。 她为朋友的生日聚会装饰了人脸饼干。 这些 cookie 在社交媒体上受到关注。 很快，其他人也想要她的饼干。Cho grew up in Southern California and New Mexico. She said she noticed when Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders were not represented in movies, television shows or even history books. It made her question her own sense of belonging in America.Cho 在南加州和新墨西哥州长大。 她说她注意到亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民在电影、电视节目甚至历史书中都没有出现。 这让她质疑自己在美国的归属感。“That was always a pain point for me growing up,” said Cho. “So, I kind of always had this question: ‘I wonder if I could use this point of joy for me to address this pain point?’"“这一直是我成长过程中的一个痛点，”Cho 说。 “所以，我总是有这样一个问题：‘我想知道我是否可以利用这一点快乐来解决这个痛点？’”Cookies, she said, were the answer.她说，饼干就是答案。A few months after making her first cookie faces, Cho held her first showing. She made cookies of Asian American Pittsburgh natives like actor Ming-Na Wen. She also made one of Leah Lizarondo, the founder of 412 Food Rescue. The organization decreases food waste in over 25 cities in the U.S. and Canada by giving unsold food to people in need.在制作第一张曲奇脸几个月后，Cho 举办了她的第一场演出。 她为像演员温明娜这样的亚裔美国人匹兹堡本地人制作饼干。 她还制作了 412 Food Rescue 的创始人 Leah Lizarondo 之一。 该组织通过向有需要的人提供未售出的食物，减少了美国和加拿大超过 25 个城市的食物浪费。Lizarondo remembers how surprised she was to find out that Cho had made her into a cookie face. For the Filipino American, the honor was not a waste of food.Lizarondo 记得当她发现 Cho 把她变成了一张饼干脸时，她是多么的惊讶。 对于这位菲律宾裔美国人来说，这份荣誉并不是浪费食物。“I shared it as widely as I could as I was so proud to be among the people she did cookie portraits of,” Lizarondo said by email.Lizarondo 在电子邮件中说：“我尽可能广泛地分享了它，因为我很自豪能成为她制作饼干肖像的人之一。”Cho said, “It felt like a sort of superpower.” She had an “aha moment” of how to use her great power with great responsibility.Cho 说：“感觉就像一种超能力。” 她有一个“顿悟时刻”，知道如何在承担重大责任的情况下使用她的强大力量。Cho spends between four and six hours on each cookie face. She draws the cookie face by hand, fills it in with icing and then lets it dry.Cho 在每个饼干表面上花费了四到六个小时。 她用手画出曲奇饼的表面，填上糖霜，然后晾干。Her art has taken her to interesting places. In 2019, she wrote and drew images for a children’s book, Role Models Who Look Like Me. In the last few years, she has made over 20 virtual and in-person appearances at universities, schools and other gatherings. She also leads cookie-decorating workshops.她的艺术将她带到了有趣的地方。 2019 年，她为一本儿童读物《长得像我的榜样》创作和绘画。 在过去的几年里，她在大学、学校和其他聚会上进行了 20 多次虚拟和面对面的露面。 她还领导饼干装饰工作坊。Her favorite thing is when young Asian Americans feel empowered by her work.她最喜欢的事情是年轻的亚裔美国人感受到她的工作赋予了力量。“They tell me things like, ‘I learned more in your 15-minute talk than I have in my whole class that’s about Asian American history,’ or something like that,” Cho said.“他们告诉我这样的话，‘我在你 15 分钟的演讲中学到的东西比我在整个班级里学到的关于亚裔美国人历史的东西还多，’或者类似的话，”Cho 说。One of Cho’s cookie faces is an image of Betty Ong, a flight attendant who died in the September 11 terrorist attacks. Ong’s niece found Cho’s creation on Instagram and contacted her.Cho 的一张饼干脸是 Betty Ong 的照片，她是一名在 9 月 11 日恐怖袭击中丧生的空姐。 Ong 的侄女在 Instagram 上找到了 Cho 的作品并联系了她。Cho said, “For a family member to reach out and just thank me for sharing her story in the way that I did ... reminding me of the tenderness that comes with this work, the importance of it."Cho 说：“对于一个家庭成员伸出援手并感谢我以我所做的方式分享她的故事......提醒我这项工作带来的温柔，以及它的重要性。”

There is no doubt that artificial intelligence – or AI – has become an important part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of science fiction: it's an incredible technological breakthrough that has changed the way we live. But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity.毫无疑问，人工智能 - 或 AI - 已经成为我们生活的重要组成部分。 它不再只是科幻小说中的事物：它是一项令人难以置信的技术突破，改变了我们的生活方式。 但有人担心人工智能已经变得过于智能，可能对人类构成威胁。This claim might sound extreme, but a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks. Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop communication app Skype, thinks we should be cautious. And The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, says that there should be a temporary pause in advanced AI development, saying that "AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can pose profound risks to society and humanity."这种说法听起来可能有些极端，但包括特斯拉老板埃隆·马斯克在内的 1000 多名技术专家联名联名的一封信呼吁世界暂停开发更先进的人工智能，因为存在风险。 例如，帮助开发通讯应用程序 Skype 的爱沙尼亚亿万富翁 Jaan Tallinn 认为我们应该谨慎。 非营利组织生命未来研究所 (The Future of Life Institute) 表示，高级人工智能的开发应该暂时暂停，并称“具有人类竞争情报的人工智能系统会对社会和人类构成深远的风险。”This pessimistic outlook is supported by a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a productivity boom. We may argue that AI such as chatbots can help us. State-of-the-art ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And machine learning means computers can learn what to do without being given explicit instructions. The technology is impressive, but as it starts to think for itself, will it outsmart us?这种悲观的前景得到了投资银行高盛的一份报告的支持，该报告称人工智能可以取代相当于 3 亿个全职工作岗位。 但这也可能意味着新的就业机会和生产力的繁荣。 我们可能会争辩说，聊天机器人等人工智能可以帮助我们。 例如，最先进的 ChatGPT 一直在帮助一些学生编写作业。 AI 允许计算机以更人性化的方式思考或行动。 机器学习意味着计算机可以在没有明确指示的情况下学习该做什么。 这项技术令人印象深刻，但当它开始独立思考时，它会比我们聪明吗？Some people are more optimistic. AI advocates say the tech is already delivering real social and economic benefits for people. Meanwhile, the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to "limit the risks" of AI. But he says the technology could save lives, particularly in poorer countries. He says, "Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world's best AIs on its biggest problems." If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future.有些人更乐观。 人工智能倡导者表示，该技术已经为人们带来了真正的社会和经济利益。 与此同时，微软创始人比尔盖茨呼吁政府与业界合作，以“限制人工智能的风险”。 但他表示，这项技术可以挽救生命，尤其是在较贫穷的国家。 他说：“正如世界需要最聪明的人专注于最大的问题一样，我们也需要让世界上最好的人工智能专注于最大的问题。” 如果发生这种情况，也许人类会有未来。词汇表artificial intelligence 人工智能，简称 “AI”science fiction 科幻小说、电影等作品breakthrough 重大进展，突破humanity 人类press pause 按下暂停键，叫停advanced 先进的communication app 通讯应用程序human-competitive 拥有与人类竞争能力的profound 重大的，深刻的replace 取代，代替productivity 生产率chatbot 聊天机器人state-of-the-art 最先进的，应用最新技术的machine learning 机器学习impressive 给人留下深刻印象的outsmart 在智力上胜过，比…更聪明advocate 支持者，提倡者brightest 最聪明的

Happy Birthday To You is the most recognised song in the English language. The melody was composed by two sisters in Kentucky in 1893. Their song evolved into Happy Birthday and was first copyrighted by the Summy Company in 1935. Warner/Chappell bought the rights in 1988 and has been receiving around $2m in royalties a year ever since.祝你生日快乐是英语中最受认可的歌曲。 这首旋律由肯塔基州的两姐妹于 1893 年创作。她们的歌曲后来演变成《生日快乐》，并于 1935 年首次获得 Summy 公司的版权。Warner/Chappell 于 1988 年购买了版权，此后每年收到约 200 万美元的版税 .Two filmmakers planning a documentary about the song brought the legal challenge when Warner/Chappell demanded a fee for its use. They argued as the song was in the public domain, it shouldn't be subject to fees. A judge has now ruled that the Summy Company only ever acquired copyright to the melody, and not the lyrics, and as such, Warner/Chappell don't own the rights.当 Warner/Chappell 要求对这首歌的使用收费时，两位电影制作人计划制作一部关于这首歌的纪录片，这带来了法律挑战。 他们争辩说，由于这首歌属于公共领域，因此不应收取费用。 一名法官现已裁定，Summy 公司仅获得了旋律的版权，而不是歌词，因此，Warner/Chappell 不拥有这些权利。词汇表recognised 被识别出的royalties 版权费documentary 纪录片brought the legal challenge （就版权问题向法庭）提出法律疑问in the public domain 属于公众所有，不受版权保护melody 歌曲lyrics 歌词

The European Union fined Meta a record $1.3 billion for privacy violations Monday. The EU ordered Meta to stop sending users’ personal information to the United States by October. Meta owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp. Ireland's Data Protection Commissioner (DPC) issued the fine. The punishment came after Meta continued to transfer Europeans’ data beyond a 2020 EU court ruling that struck down an EU-U.S. data transfer agreement. The fine is the biggest since the EU's data privacy rules took effect five years ago. Meta promised to appeal and asked courts to suspend the decision. Earlier, the company had warned that its services could end for users in Europe.周一，欧盟因侵犯隐私而对 Meta 处以创纪录的 13 亿美元罚款。欧盟命令 Meta 在 10 月之前停止向美国发送用户的个人信息。Meta 拥有 Facebook、Instagram 和 WhatsApp。爱尔兰的数据保护专员 (DPC) 开出了罚单。惩罚是在 Meta 继续将欧洲人的数据转移到 2020 年欧盟法院的一项裁决之后，该裁决推翻了欧盟-美国。数据传输协议。这是自欧盟数据隐私规则五年前生效以来的最高罚款。Meta 承诺上诉并要求法院中止该决定。此前，该公司曾警告称，其服务可能会终止对欧洲用户的服务。The company said, “There is no immediate disruption to Facebook in Europe.” The decision applies to user information like names, email and IP addresses, messages, viewing history, location data and other information. The company uses the data for targeted online advertisements. Nick Clegg, Meta's president of global affairs, and Jennifer Newstead, the company’s chief legal officer, released a statement. They said the decision was unjust and “sets a dangerous precedent for the countless other companies transferring data between the EU and U.S.” The decision is the latest development in a legal battle that began in 2013. At that time, Austrian lawyer and privacy activist Max Schrems filed a complaint about how Facebook used his data. His complaint came after former U.S. National Security Agency worker Edward Snowden’s disclosure of online surveillance by U.S. security agencies. That included information that Facebook gave to the agencies the personal data of Europeans.该公司表示，“欧洲的 Facebook 不会立即受到干扰。”该决定适用于用户信息，如姓名、电子邮件和 IP 地址、消息、查看历史记录、位置数据和其他信息。该公司将这些数据用于有针对性的在线广告。Meta 全球事务总裁 Nick Clegg 和公司首席法务官 Jennifer Newstead 发表声明。他们表示，这一决定是不公正的，“为无数其他公司在欧盟和美国之间传输数据树立了一个危险的先例。”该决定是 2013 年开始的法律纠纷的最新进展。当时，奥地利律师和隐私活动家 Max Schrems 就 Facebook 如何使用他的数据提出申诉。他的投诉是在前美国国家安全局工作人员爱德华斯诺登披露美国安全机构的在线监控之后提出的。其中包括 Facebook 向这些机构提供的欧洲人个人数据信息。The EU has rules that require social media services to block speech that European officials consider harmful. Europe has passed several rules requiring policing of information and control of users' personal information. In 2020, the EU’s top court struck down an agreement covering EU-U.S. data transfers called the Privacy Shield. The court said the measure did not do enough to protect Europeans from the U.S. government's electronic spying. Europe and the United States signed a deal last year on a different Privacy Shield that Meta could use. The agreement is awaiting approval from European officials.欧盟的规定要求社交媒体服务屏蔽欧洲官员认为有害的言论。欧洲已经通过了几项规则，要求对信息进行监管并控制用户的个人信息。2020 年，欧盟最高法院否决了一项涵盖欧盟与美国的协议。称为隐私盾的数据传输。法院表示，该措施不足以保护欧洲人免受美国政府的电子间谍活动。欧洲和美国去年就 Meta 可以使用的不同隐私盾签署了一项协议。该协议正在等待欧洲官员的批准。The DPC said it gave Meta five months to stop sending European user data to the U.S. It also gave the company six months to change its operations to stop transferring Europeans’ user data to the U.S. If the new privacy agreement takes effect before these deadlines, "our services can continue as they do today without any disruption or impact on users," Meta said. Schrems thinks Meta has “no real chance” of getting the decision overturned. He said there is a good chance the new agreement could be struck down by the EU's top court.DPC 表示，它给了 Meta 五个月的时间来停止将欧洲用户数据发送到美国。它还给了该公司六个月的时间来改变其运营方式，以停止将欧洲人的用户数据传输到美国。如果新的隐私协议在这些截止日期之前生效，“我们的服务可以像今天一样继续，不会对用户造成任何干扰或影响，”Meta 说。Schrems 认为 Meta “没有真正的机会”推翻该决定。他说，欧盟最高法院很有可能否决新协议。"Unless U.S. surveillance laws get fixed, Meta will likely have to keep EU data in the EU,” Schrems said in a statement. Meta warned in its latest earnings report that, without a legal agreement for data transfers, it will stop offering its products and services in Europe. The social media company might have to carry out a costly and complex change to its operations if it has to stop sending user data to the U.S.施雷姆斯在一份声明中说：“除非美国监管法得到修复，否则 Meta 可能不得不将欧盟数据保留在欧盟。”Meta 在其最新的收益报告中警告说，如果没有数据传输的法律协议，它将停止提供其产品如果这家社交媒体公司不得不停止向美国发送用户数据，那么它可能不得不对其运营进行代价高昂且复杂的变革。

Kehinde Wiley is a well-known and influential American artist. His paintings and sculptures are the subject of art shows around the United States. The 46-year-old Wiley seems especially busy right now. His work is currently on display at shows on both the East and West coasts of the U.S. He has another show in Paris, France. And he is expanding artistic bases in Africa. Wiley shot to fame outside of the art world a few years ago, after he painted an official presidential portrait. It was historic. Wiley was the first Black artist to be commissioned for the work. He painted America’s first Black president, Barack Obama.Kehinde Wiley 是一位知名且有影响力的美国艺术家。他的绘画和雕塑是美国各地艺术展的主题。 46 岁的威利现在似乎特别忙。他的作品目前正在美国东海岸和西海岸的展览中展出。他在法国巴黎还有另一场展览。他正在非洲扩大艺术基地。几年前，威利在画了一幅官方总统肖像后在艺术界之外一举成名。这是历史性的。威利是第一位受委托创作该作品的黑人艺术家。他画了美国第一位黑人总统巴拉克奥巴马。In Wiley’s painting, Obama sits in a simple chair, his arms crossed, his body leaned a bit forward. Surrounding him is a colorful explosion of natural elements, like flowers and greenery. It was a powerful and untraditional representation for an historic presidency.Wiley said he is very proud of that work, noting the importance of that time in history. “I wonder if I will ever be able to do anything that lives up to the gravity of that moment,” he said. “Everybody wants to be seen in a number of different contexts ... but I mean, what a great project to be involved in.”在威利的画中，奥巴马坐在一把简易椅子上，双臂交叉，身体略微前倾。他的周围是五颜六色的自然元素，如鲜花和绿色植物。对于一位具有历史意义的总统职位来说，这是一个强有力的、非传统的代表。威利说，他为这项工作感到非常自豪，并指出了那个时代在历史上的重要性。 “我想知道我是否能够做任何符合那一刻重力的事情，”他说。 “每个人都希望在许多不同的背景下被人看到……但我的意思是，参与一个多么伟大的项目。”There is no shortage of new projects for Wiley. In March, Wiley was at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, California, for the U.S opening of Kehinde Wiley: An Archaeology of Silence. It is a powerful mix of some of Wiley’s huge paintings and sculptures that explore anti-Black violence worldwide. The museum has set up quiet spaces for attendees who need a break from the intensity of the show.威利不乏新项目。 3 月，威利 (Wiley) 在加利福尼亚州旧金山的德扬博物馆 (de Young Museum) 参加了 Kehinde Wiley：沉默考古学 (Kehinde Wiley: An Archeology of Silence) 在美国的开幕式。它是 Wiley 探索世界范围内反黑人暴力的一些巨型绘画和雕塑的有力组合。博物馆为需要从紧张的展览中休息的与会者设置了安静的空间。On the other side of the country, Wiley also recently opened his show HAVANA at New York City's art space Sean Kelly. The show centers on circus performers and carnival street dancers in Cuba. In between, the artist traveled to Africa. He is building an artist center in Calabar, Nigeria. Black Rock Nigeria will be his second artist center on the continent. Wiley is also at work on a new portrait show that centers on Black heads of state. That show is to open in September at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris. Wiley describes a kind of rhythm to his moving about the planet, visiting “extraordinary” places. He said he is always “hungry for new experiences." HAVANA, Wiley’s show in New York, closes June 17. San Francisco’s Kehinde Wiley: An Archaeology of Silence will run through October 15.在美国的另一边，Wiley 最近还在纽约市的艺术空间 Sean Kelly 举办了他的 HAVANA 秀。该节目以古巴的马戏团表演者和狂欢节街舞者为中心。在此期间，艺术家前往非洲。他正在尼日利亚卡拉巴尔建立一个艺术家中心。 Black Rock Nigeria 将成为他在非洲大陆的第二个艺术家中心。威利还在筹备一个以黑人国家元首为中心的新肖像展。该展览将于 9 月在巴黎的 Musée du Quai Branly 开幕。威利描述了他在地球上移动、访问“非凡”地方的一种节奏。他说他总是“渴望新的体验。”威利在纽约举办的哈瓦那展览将于 6 月 17 日结束。旧金山的 Kehinde Wiley：沉默的考古学将持续到 10 月 15 日。

Oxford University has predicted that 35% of jobs in the UK workforce are at risk from automation over the next 10 to 20 years. But Deloitte paints an optimistic picture of the way technology has transformed work over the past 15 years. While some jobs have been destroyed by automation – the number of typists is down by 75% - far more have been created.牛津大学预测，在未来 10 到 20 年内，英国劳动力中 35% 的工作将面临自动化的风险。 但德勤对过去 15 年技术改变工作的方式描绘了一幅乐观的图景。 虽然一些工作被自动化摧毁了——打字员的数量减少了 75%——但创造了更多的工作。But as computers and robots learn how to do more tasks once restricted to humans, there is a threat to low-skilled workers. Those earning under £30,000 a year are five times as likely to lose their jobs as people earning over £100,000.但随着计算机和机器人学习如何完成更多曾经仅限于人类的任务，低技能工人面临威胁。 年收入低于 30,000 英镑的人失业的可能性是年收入超过 100,000 英镑的人的五倍。Skills that computers don't possess, such as creativity and social intelligence, will become increasingly valuable in the job market.计算机不具备的技能，如创造力和社交智能，将在就业市场上变得越来越有价值。词汇表predicted 预测，预言workforce 劳动力，劳动人口automation 自动化optimistic 乐观的low-skilled workers 低技能劳动者social intelligence 社会智力，社交智慧

The month of May is the best planting time in many areas in the northern half of the world. Many gardeners are visiting garden centers now to buy plants. Those who have grown plants from seeds indoors may be getting ready to plant them in the garden at about this time. However, seedlings cannot usually go straight from an indoor growing area to outdoor beds and borders without risk. They need to be “hardened off” first.五月是世界北半部许多地区最好的播种时间。许多园丁现在正在参观花园中心购买植物。那些在室内用种子种植植物的人可能会在此时准备在花园里种植它们。然而，幼苗通常不能毫无风险地从室内种植区直接种植到室外床和边界。他们需要先“硬化”。That means slowly introducing the plants to environmental conditions like sunlight, wind, and changes in temperature that they have not yet experienced. If plants are not hardened off enough, they could get burned by the sun or go into shock from more wind exposure or lower temperatures than they are used to. Stressed plants can recover. But the process usually sets their growth back by a few weeks.这意味着慢慢地将植物引入它们尚未经历过的环境条件，如阳光、风和温度变化。如果植物没有足够坚硬，它们可能会被太阳晒伤，或者因比以往更多的风暴露或更低的温度而受到冲击。压力大的植物可以恢复。但这个过程通常会使它们的生长倒退几周。Start hardening your plants by placing them outdoors in a sheltered area that is partly protected from the sun. Do this for increasing periods each day for about a week before planting them in the garden. Protection from the sun is important. Even the window that gets the most sun in your home or an electric growing light cannot compete with the strength of direct sunlight. Choose a day after the danger of frost has passed and when the temperature is above seven degrees Celsius. Place plants outside for an hour, set a timer, and then bring them back inside to a warm spot, under electric plant lights is the best choice. Repeat this on the second day for two hours. Add an hour of outdoor time each day for a week. After that, they can safely be planted in their permanent homes, whether in the ground, a raised bed, or a container.t approved malaria vaccine to African countries as soon as possible.将植物放置在室外部分受阳光照射的遮蔽区域，开始硬化植物。在将它们种植在花园里之前，每天这样做大约一周，增加时间。防晒很重要。即使是家里阳光最多的窗户或电动植物生长灯也无法与直射阳光的强度相抗衡。选择霜冻危险过去后且温度高于七摄氏度的一天。将植物放在室外一个小时，设置一个定时器，然后将它们带回室内温暖的地方，在植物电灯下是最好的选择。第二天重复此操作两个小时。每周增加一个小时的户外时间。之后，它们就可以安全地种植在它们的永久家园中，无论是在地面、高架床还是容器中。Follow the weather and keep an eye on conditions throughout the process. Bring plants inside if rain or severe wind threatens during their outdoor time. Do not be concerned if there is no protection from the sun in your garden. You can harden your plants under an outdoor table, for example. Under large outdoor plants works equally as well. If you have none of those, you can protect your plants from the sun with something like an umbrella. If the weather is not hot, you can even plant your seedlings directly in the ground. Then harden them by covering each individually with a large plastic container with its bottom and top removed. Burying the bottom in a few centimeters of soil will hold the container in place. You can water plants through the pouring hole at the top.关注天气并在整个过程中密切关注情况。如果植物在室外时间受到雨水或强风的威胁，请将植物带入室内。如果您的花园没有防晒措施，请不要担心。例如，您可以在室外桌子下硬化植物。在大型室外植物下也同样有效。如果你没有这些，你可以用雨伞之类的东西保护你的植物免受阳光照射。如果天气不热，您甚至可以将幼苗直接种在地里。然后用一个去掉底部和顶部的大塑料容器分别盖住它们，使它们变硬。将底部埋在几厘米深的土壤中可以将容器固定到位。您可以通过顶部的浇水孔给植物浇水。Remove the container for each day’s hardening-off period. And then set it back into place and secure it into the soil afterward. Watch your plants carefully because high temperatures and strong, direct sunlight might “cook” them. Follow weather conditions and use your best judgement before planting seedlings directly in the garden. If you started plants in a greenhouse, they have already been growing in direct sunlight, so the process is easier. Open the windows for a few hours each day for about a week. Then, move seedlings to a sheltered outdoor area for two hours the first day and four hours the second day. After that, they should be ready to be planted outdoors.在每天的硬化期取出容器。然后将其放回原位，然后将其固定到土壤中。仔细观察你的植物，因为高温和强烈的直射阳光可能会“煮熟”它们。在直接在花园里种植幼苗之前，请遵循天气情况并做出最佳判断。如果您在温室中种植植物，它们已经在阳光直射下生长，所以这个过程会更容易。每天打开窗户几个小时，持续大约一周。然后，第一天将幼苗移至有遮蔽的室外区域两个小时，第二天移至四个小时。之后，他们应该准备好在户外种植。

We're used to tropical storms and hurricanes being given names in other parts of the world often decided by a committee. Now storms in the UK and Ireland that have the potential to cause damage are to get the same treatment but decided by the public.我们已经习惯了热带风暴和飓风在世界其他地方的命名通常是由一个委员会决定的。 现在，英国和爱尔兰可能造成破坏的风暴将获得相同的待遇，但由公众决定。Putting human names to storms rather than numbers or technical terms is intended to avoid confusion and make them easier to remember when severe weather warnings are issued.在风暴中使用人名而不是数字或技术术语是为了避免混淆，并使它们在发布恶劣天气警告时更容易记住。The public will be able to put forward ideas on Twitter and Facebook. The Met Office will compile a definitive list of the most popular suggestions with names in alphabetical order alternating between male and female.公众将能够在 Twitter 和 Facebook 上提出想法。 英国气象局将编制一份最流行建议的最终清单，其中男性和女性的名字按字母顺序交替排列。Names that had previously been associated with storms that caused the loss of life in other parts of the world will not be used.以前与在世界其他地区造成生命损失的风暴相关的名称将不会使用词汇表hurricanes 飓风committee 委员会potential 有可能的，潜在的confusion 搞混，困惑compile 汇编，编辑alphabetical order 按字母顺序

The Kumbh Mela is currently under way at two venues in Maharashtra state with nearly three million Hindus attending.Kumbh Mela 目前正在马哈拉施特拉邦的两个场地举行，有近 300 万印度教徒参加。For any pilgrim its culmination is the so-called royal bath in a river deemed sacred. It's during this bathing, which starts in just under two weeks' time, that selfies are being banned.对于任何朝圣者来说，它的高潮是在被视为神圣的河流中进行所谓的皇家浴。 在不到两周的时间内开始的这次沐浴期间，自拍被禁止。A special investigation team says people get too engrossed with their phone cameras and stop moving for too long. That leads to pushing, and sometimes panic. But an official says selfies will still be allowed on other days so as not to detract from the festive mood.一个特别调查小组表示，人们过于专注于他们的手机摄像头并且停止移动的时间太长。 这会导致推动，有时甚至是恐慌。 但一位官员表示，在其他日子仍将允许自拍，以免影响节日气氛。attending 参与，参加pilgrim 朝圣者selfies 自拍照banned 被禁止engrossed 专注的，全神贯注的panic 惊慌，恐慌局面festive mood 节日的气氛

Fungi play an important role in ecosystems, are a source of food, and make key contributions to the world of medicine. So, why do we know so little about them?真菌在生态系统中发挥着重要作用，是食物的来源，并对医学界做出重要贡献。 那么，为什么我们对它们知之甚少呢？An estimated two million fungal species – more than 90% of all fungi – have yet to be described by science, according to Rebecca Morelle, science reporter for the BBC. In the UK alone, there are thought to be around 25,000 species of fungi – five or six times more than plants. Scientists are trying to find out more about this largely unexplored world, but it is challenging. Dr Martyn Ainsworth, a senior researcher from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London, says: 'We can grow a certain number in the lab, but there is a whole host of fungi that we cannot grow in the lab. This has held back a lot of research.'据 BBC 科学记者 Rebecca Morelle 称，估计有 200 万种真菌（占所有真菌的 90% 以上）尚未被科学描述。 据认为，仅在英国就有大约 25,000 种真菌——比植物多五六倍。 科学家们正试图找到更多关于这个很大程度上未开发的世界的信息，但这具有挑战性。 伦敦基尤皇家植物园的高级研究员 Martyn Ainsworth 博士说：“我们可以在实验室中培养一定数量的真菌，但还有大量的真菌我们无法在实验室中培养。 这阻碍了很多研究。The fact that we know so little about the world of fungi leads many of us to misunderstand them. 'A lot of people are afraid of poisonous mushrooms', says Dr Jassy Drakulic, a plant pathologist, 'but only a very small proportion of the thousands of species of fungi in the world can cause disease'. Most are harmless and often beneficial, called by some 'the hidden helpers of our environment'. Some fungi provide food and shelter for wildlife, help plants absorb water and nutrients and recycle waste and dead matter. Other types of fungi grow on the roots of trees and plants, forming a huge underground network that helps nourish trees. 'Fungi are really the behind-the-scenes team that are doing all the work', adds Dr Ainsworth.我们对真菌世界知之甚少这一事实导致我们中的许多人误解了它们。 “很多人都害怕有毒的蘑菇”，植物病理学家 Jassy Drakulic 博士说，“但在世界上数千种真菌中，只有极小部分会导致疾病”。 大多数是无害的，而且通常是有益的，被一些人称为“我们环境的隐藏帮手”。 一些真菌为野生动物提供食物和住所，帮助植物吸收水分和养分，并回收废物和死物。 其他类型的真菌生长在树木和植物的根部，形成一个巨大的地下网络，有助于滋养树木。 “真菌确实是完成所有工作的幕后团队”，Ainsworth 博士补充道。So, next time you add mushrooms to your dinner, take a painkiller for a headache, or go for a walk through the woods, remember to thank the living things that made it all possible – fungi.因此，下次您在晚餐中加入蘑菇、服用止痛药治疗头痛或在树林中散步时，请记住感谢使这一切成为可能的生物——真菌。词汇表fungi （复数）真菌，真菌类植物ecosystem 生态系统source of 来源make a contribution 作出贡献fungal species 真菌种类unexplored 未经研究的，无人涉足的botanic 植物（学）的lab 实验室a whole host of 许多，大量poisonous 有毒的proportion 部分，比例disease 疾病shelter 栖息地，住所wildlife 野生动植物absorb 吸收nutrient 养分，营养物waste 废物dead matter 枯死物，死亡有机物root 根部nourish 滋养

Hilda Baci is a chef in Lagos, Nigeria. She recently stayed in the kitchen for 100 hours and only took short breaks each hour. She started cooking on May 11 and did not stop until May 15. Baci’s goal was to break the Guinness World Record for longest cooking time. An Indian chef set the current record of 87 hours, 45 minutes in 2019. Baci made classic Nigerian food like soups, stew and meats. She even made Jollof rice, one of the most famous West African meals.Hilda Baci 是尼日利亚拉各斯的一名厨师。她最近在厨房待了 100 个小时，每小时只休息一下。她从 5 月 11 日开始做饭，直到 5 月 15 日才停下来。Baci 的目标是打破最长烹饪时间的吉尼斯世界纪录。一位印度厨师在 2019 年创造了 87 小时 45 分钟的当前记录。Baci 制作了经典的尼日利亚食物，如汤、炖菜和肉类。她甚至做了 Jollof 米饭，这是最著名的西非美食之一。Baci finished her cooking on the night of May 15. Thousands of people were there when she put down her cooking tools at 7:45 at night.Guinness published a tweet about Baci’s effort. It said it knew about her record-breaking attempt but noted that it would need to do a review before “officially confirming a record.” Baci said she wanted to break the cooking record to show the world how determined Nigerian people are. She also said she wanted to make people understand that there are not enough work opportunities for Nigerian women.Baci 在 5 月 15 日晚上完成了她的烹饪。当她在晚上 7 点 45 分放下烹饪工具时，那里有数千人。吉尼斯发布了一条关于 Baci 努力的推文。它说它知道她的破纪录尝试，但指出在“正式确认记录”之前需要进行审查。 Baci 说她想打破烹饪记录，向世界展示尼日利亚人的决心。她还说，她想让人们明白，尼日利亚妇女没有足够的工作机会。She said women “have to go an extra mile to be taken seriously.” Baci added that she wanted to teach the world a little bit about Nigerian food. Thousands of people came past the kitchen to cheer for Baci as she cooked for four days. Many more people watched an online video showing her work.她说，女性“必须付出更多努力才能受到重视”。 Baci 补充说，她想向世界传授一些关于尼日利亚食物的知识。数以千计的人经过厨房为 Baci 连续四天做饭而欢呼。更多人观看了展示她作品的在线视频。Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari used Twitter to say good words about the chef. He praised her “drive, ambition and resilience.” Kingsley Ofoma was there as Baci got close to the 100-hour mark. He got to eat some of her food for free. But he said that was not even the best part of the experience. “The energy here is very high and positive,” he said. “Everybody is having fun.”尼日利亚总统穆罕默杜·布哈里 (Muhammadu Buhari) 在推特上称赞这位厨师。他称赞她的“干劲、雄心和韧性”。当 Baci 接近 100 小时大关时，Kingsley Ofoma 也在场。他必须免费吃一些她的食物。但他说，这甚至不是体验中最好的部分。 “这里的能量非常高且积极，”他说。 “每个人都玩得很开心。”

A genetic analysis revealed that the average household had more than 2,000 species of fungi. The types of fungus found though depended on the home's location, suggesting these minute organisms are drifting in from outside.基因分析显示，平均每个家庭拥有超过 2,000 种真菌。 发现的真菌类型取决于房屋所在的位置，这表明这些微小的生物体是从外面飘进来的。The researchers also discovered an average 7,000 different types of bacteria per household. But the species varied according to whether men or women were the main residents or whether they lived with cats or dogs.研究人员还发现每个家庭平均有 7,000 种不同类型的细菌。 但物种因男性或女性是主要居民或他们是否与猫或狗一起生活而有所不同。Although the study was carried out in the US, the scientists say the findings are also relevant around the world.尽管这项研究是在美国进行的，但科学家们表示，这些发现在世界各地也具有相关性。词汇表genetic analysis 基因分析household 家庭fungi （复数）真菌organisms 生物bacteria （复数）细菌species 物种，种类

Joe Seaman-Graves is the city planner for the small town of Cohoes, New York. He was in search of a less costly way of providing electricity to the town. There was no extra land to build on. But Cohoes does have a nearly 6-hectare water reservoir. Seaman-Graves looked up the term “floating solar” on Google. He was not familiar with the technology, which has long been a popular way to produce clean energy in Asia. Seaman-Graves learned that the town’s water reservoir could hold enough solar panels to power all city buildings. And that would save the city more than $500,000 each year.Joe Seaman-Graves 是纽约 Cohoes 小镇的城市规划师。他正在寻找一种成本较低的方式为该镇供电。没有多余的土地可以建房。但 Cohoes 确实有一个近 6 公顷的水库。 Seaman-Graves 在谷歌上查找了“浮动太阳能”一词。他不熟悉这项技术，这项技术长期以来一直是亚洲生产清洁能源的流行方式。 Seaman-Graves 了解到该镇的水库可以容纳足够的太阳能电池板为所有城市建筑供电。这将为该市每年节省超过 500,000 美元。Floating solar panel projects have seen quick growth as a new form of clean energy in the United States and Asia. Floating solar panes are sought after not just for their clean power, but also because they save water by preventing evaporation. A recent study that appeared in Nature Sustainability found that more than 6,000 cities in 124 countries could produce all of their electricity demand using floating solar. It also found that the panels could save the cities enough water each year to fill 40 million Olympic-sized swimming pools. Zhenzhong Zeng is a professor at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China. He worked on the study. He said American states like Florida, Nevada and California could produce more power with floating solar than they need.漂浮太阳能电池板项目作为一种新型清洁能源在美国和亚洲发展迅速。漂浮式太阳能电池板之所以受到追捧，不仅是因为它们的清洁能源，还因为它们通过防止蒸发来节约用水。最近发表在《自然可持续性》杂志上的一项研究发现，124 个国家/地区的 6,000 多个城市可以使用漂浮太阳能满足其所有电力需求。它还发现，这些面板每年可以为城市节省足够的水来填满 4000 万个奥林匹克规格的游泳池。曾振中是位于中国深圳的南方科技大学教授。他参与了这项研究。他说，佛罗里达州、内华达州和加利福尼亚州等美国各州可以利用漂浮太阳能生产比他们需要的更多的电力。The idea of floating solar is simple: attach panels on structures that float on water. The panels serve as a cover that reduces evaporation to nearly zero. The water keeps the panels cool. This permits them to produce more electricity than land-based panels, which lose efficiency when they get too hot. One of the floating solar farms in the U.S. is the 4.8-megawatt project in Healdsburg, California. It was built by Ciel & Terre. The company has built 270 projects in 30 countries.漂浮太阳能的想法很简单：将面板安装在漂浮在水面上的结构上。这些面板用作将蒸发减少到几乎为零的盖子。水使面板保持凉爽。这使它们能够产生比陆基面板更多的电力，而陆基面板在过热时会失去效率。美国的漂浮太阳能发电场之一是位于加利福尼亚州希尔兹堡的 4.8 兆瓦项目。它由 Ciel & Terre 建造。该公司在 30 个国家建设了 270 个项目。Chris Bartle of Ciel & Terre estimated that floating solar costs 10 to 15 percent more than land solar at first. But the technology saves money long term. Deeper water can increase setup costs, and the technology cannot operate on fast-moving water, on the open ocean or on coastlines with very large waves. Problems can come up if the solar panels cover too much of a water body’s surface. That could change the water temperature and harm underwater life. Researchers are looking into whether the electromagnetic fields from floating panels could affect underwater ecosystems. However, there is no evidence of that yet.Ciel & Terre 的 Chris Bartle 估计，漂浮太阳能最初的成本比陆地太阳能高 10% 到 15%。但这项技术可以长期节省资金。更深的水域会增加设置成本，而且该技术无法在快速流动的水域、开阔的海洋或波浪很大的海岸线上运行。如果太阳能电池板覆盖了过多的水体表面，就会出现问题。这可能会改变水温并危害水下生物。研究人员正在研究浮板的电磁场是否会影响水下生态系统。但是，目前还没有证据表明这一点。In Cohoes, public officials are preparing for the setup of their project later this year. The project will cost an estimated $6.5 million. Seaman-Graves said he believes his town’s floating solar project can serve as an example for other American cities. “We are an environmental justice community and we see a big opportunity for low to moderate income cities to replicate what we’re doing,” he said.在 Cohoes，公职人员正在准备今年晚些时候启动他们的项目。该项目估计将耗资 650 万美元。 Seaman-Graves 说他相信他镇的漂浮太阳能项目可以作为其他美国城市的榜样。 “我们是一个环境正义社区，我们看到了中低收入城市复制我们正在做的事情的巨大机会，”他说。

Life is full of choices, some inconsequential, some really significant. But sometimes it can be hard to make the correct one. What are the obstacles that stand between us and a good outcome? Some of us just find it hard to decide. Alice Boyes, writing for Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be connected to perfectionism, where people attempt to find a perfect solution to any problem and are unable to move forward when they can't find one. It might seem that being indecisive would stop us making the right decision, but in fact it could actually help us make the correct ones.生活充满了选择，有些无关紧要，有些却意义重大。 但有时很难做出正确的选择。 我们与良好结果之间的障碍是什么？我们中的一些人只是觉得很难做出决定。 为哈佛商业评论撰稿的爱丽丝博伊斯告诉我们，这可能与完美主义有关，人们试图为任何问题找到完美的解决方案，但当他们找不到时就无法前进。 犹豫不决似乎会阻止我们做出正确的决定，但实际上它可以帮助我们做出正确的决定。Susan Krauss in Psychology Today reminds us that people often make bad decisions because they base them on preconceptions rather than the context in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive people are more likely to look at different perspectives and use them to come to a better decision. So, it could be that a more significant barrier to making the best choice is our cognitive biases.Susan Krauss 在 Psychology Today 中提醒我们，人们经常会做出错误的决定，因为他们是基于先入之见而不是事情发生的背景。 她强调了研究员 Iris Schneider 的一篇论文，该论文发现优柔寡断的人更有可能看待不同的观点并利用它们做出更好的决定。 因此，做出最佳选择的一个更重要的障碍可能是我们的认知偏见。David Robson, speaking to the BBC's Crowd Science, tells us that intelligence can sometimes stop people making the right decision. People sometimes use intelligence to invent justifications for irrational beliefs. He believes that humility is key to making a good decision. People who can accept that they might be wrong are more likely to consider different viewpoints. He is backed up on this by Jeff Bezos. Tech CEO Jason Fried recalls the Amazon founder saying how the people who were right a lot of the time were the people who often changed their minds. So, maybe rather than indecision, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by our biases that actually stop us making good choices. While humility and indecisiveness could help us pick the best option.David Robson 在接受 BBC 大众科学采访时告诉我们，智慧有时会阻止人们做出正确的决定。 人们有时会使用智慧来为非理性信念辩护。 他认为谦逊是做出正确决定的关键。 能够接受自己可能犯错的人更有可能考虑不同的观点。 杰夫·贝索斯 (Jeff Bezos) 对此表示支持。 Tech CEO Jason Fried 回忆说，亚马逊创始人曾说过，那些在很多时候都是对的人往往是经常改变主意的人。因此，也许不是优柔寡断，而是智慧和果断，加上我们的偏见实际上阻止了我们做出正确的选择。 谦逊和优柔寡断可以帮助我们做出最佳选择。词汇表choice 选择inconsequential 无关紧要的significant 重要的good outcome 好的结果decide 作决定perfectionism 完美主义perfect solution 完美的解决办法indecisive 犹豫不决的preconception 先入之见，成见perspective （思考问题的）角度，观点come to a decision 作出一个决定barrier 障碍cognitive bias 认知偏差justification 辩解，正当理由irrational belief 非理性的看法humility 谦逊change one's mind 改变主意indecisiveness 犹豫不决

A petit basset griffon Vendéen, or PBGV, won top prize at the Westminster Kennel Club dog show in New York City Tuesday. The dog, called Buddy Holly, won the award for best in show. The breed he represents is known for its rabbit-hunting ability. Buddy Holly defeated six other candidates to take the prize at the most famous dog show in the United States. This year’s event was held at the U.S.T.A. Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York.周二，在纽约市威斯敏斯特养犬俱乐部狗展上，一只小巴吉度狮鹫 Vendéen（简称 PBGV）获得了最高奖项。这只名叫 Buddy Holly 的狗获得了最佳表演奖。他代表的品种以其猎兔能力而闻名。 Buddy Holly 击败了其他六位候选人，在美国最著名的狗展上获奖。今年的活动在 U.S.T.A. 举行。纽约比利简金国家网球中心。“I never thought a PBGV would do this,” handler and co-owner Janice Hayes said. “Buddy Holly is the epitome of a show dog. Nothing bothers him.” His competitors included Rummie, a Pekingese that came in second. His owner and handler, David Fitzpatrick, breeds the small dogs. Rummie is, in Fitzpatrick’s words “true to Pekingese type, lots of carriage, presence — everything in one, here.” Winston the French bulldog was also seeking the best in show prize, after coming close last year. An Australian shepherd named Ribbon, an English setter called Cider, a giant schnauzer named Monty and an American Staffordshire terrier called Trouble also were in the final group of competitors.“我从没想过 PBGV 会这样做，”饲养员兼共同所有人 Janice Hayes 说。 “Buddy Holly 是表演犬的典范。什么都难不倒他。”他的竞争对手包括第二名的北京哈巴狗 Rummie。他的主人兼饲养员大卫·菲茨帕特里克 (David Fitzpatrick) 负责饲养这些小型犬。用 Fitzpatrick 的话来说，拉米是“真正的北京人类型，很多举止，风度——一切都在这里。”法国斗牛犬温斯顿在去年接近尾声后，也在寻求最佳表演奖。一只名叫 Ribbon 的澳大利亚牧羊犬、一只名叫 Cider 的英国塞特犬、一只名叫 Monty 的巨型雪纳瑞犬和一只名叫 Trouble 的美国斯塔福德郡梗犬也在最后一组参赛者中。If Buddy Holly was feeling the pressure, he did not show it ahead of the finals. He spent the late day playing with his people and rejecting any proposal that he take a rest before the final competition. “He just screams PBGV,” Hayes said, noting that the breed is independent and full of fun. “Their goal is to make you laugh every day,” she said. The breed began in France. The American Kennel Club says the small hounds are the 154th most common purebreds in the U.S. Buddy Holly has also lived and competed in Britain, Ireland and Australia.如果 Buddy Holly 感到压力，他并没有在决赛前表现出来。他花了最后一天和他的人一起玩，拒绝了任何让他在决赛前休息的提议。 “他只是尖叫着 PBGV，”Hayes 说，并指出该品种是独立的并且充满乐趣。 “他们的目标是让你每天都开怀大笑，”她说。该品种起源于法国。美国养犬俱乐部表示，这种小型猎犬在美国最常见的纯种犬中排名第 154 位。Buddy Holly 也在英国、爱尔兰和澳大利亚生活过并参加过比赛。About 2,500 dogs competed at Westminster this year. The show also includes obedience and agility competitions that are open to mixed-breed dogs. And what is next for Buddy Holly? A good night’s sleep, “upside down, rolling in pillows,” Hayes said. “He just gets to go back to being a dog.”今年大约有 2,500 只狗参加了威斯敏斯特比赛。该节目还包括对混种犬开放的服从性和敏捷性比赛。 Buddy Holly 的下一步是什么？睡个好觉，“倒过来，在枕头里打滚，”海耶斯说。 “他只是变回了一条狗。”

More than 600 million people around the world lack access to clean drinking water and this book has the potential to help.全世界有超过 6 亿人无法获得干净的饮用水，而这本书有可能提供帮助。It's relatively cheap, easy to ship and its pages serve two purposes: firstly, they are printed with instructions on how and why water should be filtered; secondly, they can be torn out and used as filters.它相对便宜，易于运输，其页面有两个用途：首先，它们印有关于如何以及为什么要过滤水的说明；其次，它们可以撕下来用作过滤器。The paper contains nanoparticles of copper or silver, which kill bacteria and the new trial results from water sources in South Africa, Ghana and Bangladesh confirm that on average the paper slashes the bacteria count of contaminated water by well over 99%.该纸含有铜或银纳米粒子，可以杀死细菌，而来自南非、加纳和孟加拉国水源的新试验结果证实，该纸平均可将受污染水的细菌数量减少 99% 以上。词汇表lack 缺乏potential 潜力torn out （从书本里）撕下来 nanoparticles 纳米粒子copper 铜，铜的 silver 银，银的 bacteria 细菌slashes 削减，大幅降低contaminated 受污染的

There is good news for people who hate passwords. Google has added a different way to log in to its services. This new feature employs the use of “passkeys.”Passkeys represent a safer alternative to passwords and texted confirmation codes. Users will not ever see the passkeys directly. Instead, an online service like Gmail will use them to communicate directly with a trusted device such as your phone or computer to log you in. All a person has to do is confirm their identity on the device. This confirmation, also known as verification, can take several forms. It could be a PIN unlock code, a fingerprint or face scan, or a physical security dongle.对于讨厌密码的人来说，这是个好消息。谷歌添加了一种不同的方式来登录其服务。此新功能使用“万能钥匙”。万能钥匙代表比密码和短信确认码更安全的替代方案。用户永远不会直接看到密钥。取而代之的是，像 Gmail 这样的在线服务将使用它们直接与受信任的设备（例如您的手机或计算机）进行通信以让您登录。一个人所要做的就是在设备上确认他们的身份。这种确认，也称为验证，可以采用多种形式。它可以是 PIN 解锁码、指纹或面部扫描，或者物理安全加密狗。Google designed its passkeys to work with different kinds of devices. You can use them on iPhones, Mac and Windows computers as well as Google’s own Android phones.Thanks to smart hackers and human weakness, passwords are just too easy to steal or defeat. And making them more complex just opens the door to users defeating themselves. In short, passwords put security and ease of use directly at odds. In addition to getting around these problems, passkeys have one additional strength over passwords. Passkeys are specific to websites, so hackers cannot steal a passkey from one website and then use it to steal from a person's bank account.谷歌设计了它的密钥以用于不同类型的设备。您可以在 iPhone、Mac 和 Windows 计算机以及 Google 自己的 Android 手机上使用它们。由于聪明的黑客和人性的弱点，密码太容易被窃取或破解。让它们变得更复杂只会为用户打败自己打开大门。简而言之，密码直接将安全性和易用性置于矛盾之中。除了解决这些问题之外，密钥还有一个比密码更强大的优势。密钥是特定于网站的，因此黑客无法从一个网站窃取密钥，然后用它来窃取一个人的银行帐户。The first step to using passkeys is to enable them for your Google account. On any trusted phone or computer, open the browser and sign in to your Google account. Then visit the page g.co/passkeys and select the choice to “start using passkeys.” The passkey feature is now activated for that account. If you are on an Apple device, you will first be asked to set up the Keychain app if you are not already using it. It securely stores passwords and now passkeys as well. The next step is to create the actual passkeys that will connect your trusted device. If you are using an Android phone that is already logged into your Google account, you are most of the way there. Android phones are ready to use passkeys, though you still have to enable the function first.使用密钥的第一步是为您的 Google 帐户启用它们。在任何受信任的手机或计算机上，打开浏览器并登录您的 Google 帐户。然后访问页面 g.co/passkeys 并选择“开始使用密钥”选项。现在已为该帐户激活密钥功能。如果您使用的是 Apple 设备，如果您尚未使用 Keychain 应用程序，系统将首先要求您设置它。它安全地存储密码，现在也存储密钥。下一步是创建将连接您的受信任设备的实际密钥。如果您使用的是已经登录到您的 Google 帐户的 Android 手机，那么您已经完成了大部分工作。 Android 手机已准备好使用密钥，但您仍然需要先启用该功能。On the same Google account page noted above, look for the “Create a passkey” button. Pressing it will open a window and let you create a passkey either on your current device or on another device. There is no wrong choice; the system will simply notify you if that passkey already exists. If you are on a PC that cannot create a passkey, it will open a QR code that you can scan with the cameras on iPhones and Android devices. You may have to move the phone closer until the message “Set up passkey” appears. Tap that and you are on your way.在上面提到的同一 Google 帐户页面上，查找“创建密钥”按钮。按下它将打开一个窗口，让您在当前设备或另一台设备上创建一个密码。没有错误的选择；如果该密钥已经存在，系统将简单地通知您。如果您使用的 PC 无法创建密钥，它将打开一个 QR 码，您可以使用 iPhone 和 Android 设备上的摄像头扫描该二维码。您可能必须将手机移近一些，直到出现“设置密码”消息。点击它，你就在路上了。From that point on, signing into Google will only require you to enter your email address. If you have gotten passkeys set up correctly, you will simply get a message on your phone or other device asking you for your fingerprint, your face or a PIN. Of course, your password is still there. But if passkeys take off, the odds are good you will not be needing it very much. You may even choose to delete it from your account someday.从那时起，登录 Google 将只需要您输入您的电子邮件地址。如果您已正确设置密钥，您将在手机或其他设备上收到一条消息，要求您提供指纹、面部或 PIN。当然，您的密码仍然存在。但是，如果万能钥匙流行起来，您很可能不会非常需要它。您甚至可以选择有一天将其从您的帐户中删除。

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has agreed to study the effects of its dredging operations on sea turtles in the state of Georgia. Dredging is the process of removing sand from waterways. The agency announced its decision Friday. Shortly after, local non-profit group One Hundred Miles withdrew its legal action aimed at stopping dredging. “The Corps has now committed to what we’ve asked for, to go back and review the science,” Catherine Ridley, a vice president of the group, said Monday. She said the science shows that seasonal dredging puts sea turtles at risk. And, she said, it threatens many years of progress in environmental protection in Georgia.美国陆军工程兵团已同意研究其疏浚作业对佐治亚州海龟的影响。疏浚是从水道中清除沙子的过程。该机构周五宣布了其决定。不久之后，当地非营利组织一百英里撤回了旨在停止疏浚的法律行动。该组织副总裁凯瑟琳·里德利 (Catherine Ridley) 周一表示：“军团现在已承诺按照我们的要求，回去审查科学。”她说，科学表明季节性疏浚会使海龟处于危险之中。而且，她说，它威胁到佐治亚州多年来在环境保护方面取得的进展。The now withdrawn legal action began in December of 2022. However, environmentalists have been fighting against dredging since 2021. That year, the Corps announced it would end a policy limiting dredging in shipping areas during nesting season for sea turtles. The seasonal ban had been in place since 1991. The powerful pumps necessary to remove the sand are dangerous. They can hurt and kill the animals. Many female turtles spend the warmer months in areas where the dredging takes place. So the 1991 order ended dredging during those months. Conservationists credit that policy with helping the sea turtle population to recover and grow its numbers. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for keeping shipping waterways clear. It said in a statement, that a fuller study will ensure the public, government and all interested who are involved in the examination. It also said investigators will look at all possible effects of dredging on humans and nature.现已撤回的法律行动于 2022 年 12 月开始。但是，自 2021 年以来，环保主义者一直在反对疏浚。那一年，海军陆战队宣布将终止在海龟筑巢季节限制航运区疏浚的政策。季节性禁令自 1991 年开始实施。清除沙子所需的强力泵很危险。他们可以伤害和杀死动物。许多雌性海龟在进行疏浚的地区度过温暖的月份。因此，1991 年的命令在那几个月结束了疏浚。环保主义者认为这项政策有助于海龟种群的恢复和数量增长。美国陆军工程兵团负责保持航道畅通。它在一份声明中说，更全面的研究将确保公众、政府和所有感兴趣的人参与考试。它还表示，调查人员将研究疏浚对人类和自然的所有可能影响。Since the 1990s, dredging in Georgia and in the states of North and South Carolina, is done from about December to March. Federally protected giant loggerhead sea turtles usually start releasing their eggs in the area in May. Smaller numbers of endangered green and Kemp’s ridley sea turtles do the same. The Corps has argued that seasonal dredging limits are no longer necessary. It says sea turtle populations have recovered enough, noting a National Marine Fisheries Service report from 2020. The report said protected sea turtle populations could withstand the estimated 150 deaths expected from year-round dredging. Army Corps officials also argued that the ban makes it hard for them to get contracts with companies in the industry. And the Corps says that dredging periods timed to protect sea turtles ignore the needs of other animals, like the endangered North Atlantic right whales. Those large ocean animals visit the same waters in the winter. The Army Corps said it does not know how long it will take to complete the newly-announced wide study.自 1990 年代以来，佐治亚州以及北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州的疏浚工作大约在 12 月至次年 3 月进行。受联邦保护的巨型红海龟通常在 5 月开始在该地区产卵。数量较少的濒临灭绝的绿海龟和坎普雷德海龟也有同样的行为。军团认为不再需要季节性疏浚限制。它说海龟种群已经恢复得足够好，并注意到国家海洋渔业局 2020 年的一份报告。该报告称，受保护的海龟种群可以承受全年疏浚造成的估计 150 人死亡。陆军军团官员还辩称，该禁令使他们很难与该行业的公司签订合同。军团表示，为保护海龟而安排的疏浚期忽视了其他动物的需求，比如濒临灭绝的北大西洋露脊鲸。那些大型海洋动物在冬天访问相同的水域。陆军军团表示不知道完成新宣布的广泛研究需要多长时间。

For the first time, a new process that uses the genetic material of three people has resulted in the birth of several babies in Britain. The experimental process has been used before in Mexico and the United States. Britain’s fertility regulator said Wednesday that the parents used a process which was approved with some restrictions in 2015. The story was first reported by The Guardian newspaper. Britain’s Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority said only that fewer than five babies were born as a result of the process. The treatment is supposed to prevent the babies from inheriting rare genetic diseases.第一次，使用三个人的遗传物质的新过程在英国诞生了几个婴儿。该实验过程以前曾在墨西哥和美国使用过。英国生育监管机构周三表示，这对父母使用了一种在 2015 年获得批准但有一些限制的程序。这个故事最先由《卫报》报道。英国人类受精和胚胎学管理局表示，只有不到 5 名婴儿因此出生。这种治疗应该可以防止婴儿遗传罕见的遗传病。The treatment of combining DNA from a mother, father and an egg donor is supposed to help women who have a genetic problem that can be passed to their babies. The problem is in the mitochondria of some women. Mitochondria are parts of some cells in the body that provide energy. However, scientists say the mitochondria in some women can pass genetic problems on to their babies. The genetic defects can cause muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, heart problems and intellectual disabilities. Experts say the genetic problems affect about one in 200 children born in Britain. So far, 32 patients have been given permission to receive the treatment. The process involves doctors taking genetic material from the mother’s egg and then adding it to a donor’s egg. The donor’s egg has healthy mitochondria, but doctors remove the rest of its important DNA. Doctors fertilize the new egg, so it becomes an embryo and they put it into the mother’s womb.结合来自母亲、父亲和卵子捐赠者的 DNA 的治疗应该可以帮助患有可遗传给婴儿的遗传问题的女性。问题出在一些女性的线粒体中。线粒体是体内某些提供能量的细胞的一部分。然而，科学家们表示，一些女性体内的线粒体可以将遗传问题遗传给她们的婴儿。遗传缺陷会导致肌肉萎缩症、癫痫、心脏病和智力障碍。专家说，遗传问题影响了大约每 200 个在英国出生的孩子中的一个。到目前为止，已有 32 名患者获准接受治疗。该过程涉及医生从母亲的卵子中提取遗传物质，然后将其添加到捐赠者的卵子中。捐献者的卵子具有健康的线粒体，但医生会去除其其余的重要 DNA。医生使新卵子受精，使其成为胚胎，然后将其放入母亲的子宫中。Scientists say using this process results in the new embryo having less than one percent of the genetic material from the egg’s donor. Scientists at England’s Newcastle University supervised the treatment. The Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority said Tuesday that it was still “early days” of the treatment. But the government body said it hoped the doctors and scientists who worked on the treatment would soon publish more information. The agency said all women undergoing the treatment must receive approval and must have no other way of preventing disease.科学家们说，使用这个过程会导致新胚胎中只有不到 1% 的来自卵子捐赠者的遗传物质。英国纽卡斯尔大学的科学家监督了治疗。人类受精和胚胎学管理局周二表示，治疗仍处于“早期阶段”。但政府机构表示，希望从事这种治疗的医生和科学家能尽快公布更多信息。该机构表示，所有接受治疗的女性都必须获得批准，并且必须没有其他预防疾病的方法。There are many critics of the treatment. They say there are other ways to prevent disease and the treatment has not been fully tested. Others say this is the first step in creating “designer” babies for parents who want their children to be taller, smarter or have different looks than they do. Robin Lovell-Badge is a stem cell expert at the Francis Crick Institute, a research center in London. Lovell-Badge said the babies need to be followed well into the future.对这种治疗有很多批评。他们说还有其他方法可以预防疾病，而且治疗方法还没有经过全面测试。其他人说，这是为希望自己的孩子更高、更聪明或长得与自己不同的父母创造“设计师”婴儿的第一步。 Robin Lovell-Badge 是伦敦研究中心 Francis Crick Institute 的干细胞专家。 Lovell-Badge 说这些婴儿需要在未来得到很好的跟踪。“It will be interesting to know,” he said, “how well the technique worked…whether the babies are free of disease and whether there is any risk of them developing problems later in life.” One group of scientists published research this year expressing concerns that even a small amount of the problematic DNA from the mother could reproduce as the baby develops in the uterus. Lovell-Badge said scientists do not understand exactly why this happens and more work needs to be done.“知道这项技术的效果如何，”他说，“这将很有趣……婴儿是否没有疾病，以及他们在以后的生活中是否有出现问题的风险。”一组科学家今年发表了一项研究，他们担心随着婴儿在子宫中的发育，即使是来自母亲的少量有问题的 DNA 也会繁殖。 Lovell-Badge 说，科学家们不明白为什么会发生这种情况，需要做更多的工作。

Astronauts have been growing crops in space for years but this is the first time they’ve eaten the produce while still in orbit. It took the crew on the space station 33 days to grow the red romaine lettuce under LED lamps.多年来，宇航员一直在太空种植农作物，但这是他们第一次在轨道上吃到这些农产品。空间站的工作人员花了 33 天时间才在 LED 灯下种植红色长叶莴苣。Before they could eat the leaves they had to wipe them with sanitising cloths and then they added a little oil and vinegar. The verdict: "Good stuff", said one of the crew, saving a few leaves for the two Russian cosmonauts who were on a spacewalk while the feast was happening.在他们吃叶子之前，他们必须用消毒布擦拭它们，然后加入少许油和醋。结论：“好东西”，其中一名机组人员说，为在盛宴举行时正在进行太空行走的两名俄罗斯宇航员留了几片叶子。Nasa believes the experiment will help develop ways of making crews self-sufficient for longer journeys to places such as Mars. For now their judgement: one small bite for a man, one giant leaf for mankind.美国国家航空航天局相信，该实验将有助于开发方法，让宇航员能够自给自足地进行前往火星等地的长途旅行。目前他们的判断是：一个人咬一小口，人类一大片叶子。词汇表crops 农作物produce 农产品sanitising cloths 清洁布feast 丰盛的筵席self-sufficient 自给自足的judgement 判断，结论

It used to be thought that apes could only make noises that were tied to their emotions such as barks of alarm or hoots of excitement. But this strange peeping sound recorded from wild bonobos appears to have more in common with the calls of human babies.过去人们认为，猿类只能发出与其情绪相关的声音，例如惊恐的吠叫或兴奋的叫声。但这种从野生倭黑猩猩身上记录下来的奇怪的窥视声似乎与人类婴儿的叫声更相似。At just three or four months of age, we humans let out growls or squeals that sound the same whether we are happy or distressed. It's up to our parents to figure out what we mean from the context.在只有三四个月大的时候，我们人类发出的咆哮或尖叫声听起来是一样的，无论我们是快乐还是痛苦。这取决于我们的父母从上下文中弄清楚我们的意思。The researchers say it's the same with these bonobos peeps. An identical sound is made in happy or in neutral contexts. So instead of being unique to humans, these flexible calls apparently date back at least six million years to our common ancestor with bonobos and chimpanzees. Dr Zanna Clay from the University of Birmingham said her key observation was that the bonobos separated the sound they were making from how they were feeling.研究人员表示，这些倭黑猩猩的情况也是如此。在快乐或中性的环境中发出相同的声音。因此，这些灵活的叫声并非人类所独有，显然可以追溯到至少六百万年前我们与倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩的共同祖先。伯明翰大学的 Zanna Clay 博士说，她的主要观察是倭黑猩猩将它们发出的声音与它们的感受区分开来。It seems that the flexibility of our own squawks and grunts joins the growing list of abilities that we humans can no longer count as uniquely ours.似乎我们自己的尖叫声和咕噜声的灵活性加入了越来越多的能力列表，我们人类不能再将这些能力视为我们独有的。词汇表barks 吼叫 hoots 叫喊growls 低声的吼叫squeals 长而尖的叫声distressed 烦恼的，痛苦的figure out 弄明白 context 环境，背景common ancestor 共同的祖先squawks （人）大声抱怨、喊叫grunts （人因为不满或烦恼发出的）嘟哝，哼声

When the top secret radio and radar station was established on the headland at Aird Uig 60 years ago, it was part of Nato's early warning system against Soviet submarines and aircraft. Now the Ministry of Defence has no further use for the derelict buildings and the windswept clifftop site.60 年前，当最高机密的无线电和雷达站在艾尔德乌格的岬角上建立时，它是北约针对苏联潜艇和飞机的预警系统的一部分。现在国防部不再使用这些废弃的建筑物和被风吹过的悬崖顶。But local people are convinced the old base could help transform the economy of the area. Where Aird Uig once listened out for possible enemy attack, it's hoped a hydrophone could be placed in the sea to pick up the sound of whales.但当地人相信旧基地可以帮助改变该地区的经济。在 Aird Uig 曾经监听可能的敌人攻击的地方，人们希望可以在海中放置一个水听器来接收鲸鱼的声音。There are plans for a visitor centre, with a dark skies night observatory. Other attractions include unexplored sea caves and cliff climbs which have never been tackled. If it goes ahead, it will be one of Scotland's smallest and most unusual community buy-outs.有一个游客中心的计划，有一个黑暗的天空夜天文台。其他景点包括未开发的海蚀洞和从未涉足的悬崖峭壁。如果它继续进行，它将成为苏格兰最小和最不寻常的社区收购之一。词汇表warning system  警报系统derelict             弃置的，废弃的hydrophone       水中检波器，水中听音器unexplored       未开发的have never been tackled  从未被攻克、被攀登buy-outs           收购

Scientists have been listening out for signals from intelligent civilisations on other worlds for decades, so far with no success. This new initiative is the most ambitious yet. It will survey ten times more of the sky than previous programmes. And over the next ten years, radio telescopes will listen out for broadcasts from a million of the stars closest to the Earth.几十年来，科学家们一直在倾听来自其他世界智慧文明的信号，但迄今为止没有成功。这项新举措是迄今为止最雄心勃勃的。它将比以前的计划多调查十倍的天空。在接下来的十年里，射电望远镜将收听来自离地球最近的一百万颗恒星的广播。The scheme has the support of some of the world's leading space researchers, including Professor Stephen Hawking, who says it's now time to answer one of the biggest questions in science:该计划得到了一些世界领先的太空研究人员的支持，其中包括斯蒂芬霍金教授，他说现在是时候回答科学中最大的问题之一了："Somewhere in the cosmos, perhaps, intelligent life may be watching these lights of ours, aware of what they mean. Or do our lights wander a lifeless cosmos - unseen beacons announcing that here, on one rock, the Universe discovered its existence? There is no bigger question. It's time to commit to finding the answer - to search for life beyond Earth."“也许在宇宙的某个地方，智慧生命可能正在注视着我们的这些光，知道它们的含义。或者我们的光是否在没有生命的宇宙中徘徊——看不见的灯塔宣布宇宙在这里，在一块岩石上发现了它的存在？那里这不是一个更大的问题。现在是致力于寻找答案的时候了——寻找地球以外的生命。”Many scientists believe that there's only a small chance of receiving a signal from aliens from outer space. But if we do, we'll know that humanity is not alone in the universe.许多科学家认为，从外太空接收到外星人信号的可能性很小。但如果我们这样做了，我们就会知道人类在宇宙中并不孤单。词汇表initiative 倡议cosmos 宇宙lifeless 无生命的，死气沉沉的unseen 未被看到的，看不见的beacons （复数）灯塔humanity 人类

For those of us who grew up with the idea that there were nine planets, this is the moment we get to complete the set. Robotic probes have been to all the others - even the distant Uranus and Neptune. Pluto is the last of the familiar nine to get a visit.对于我们这些从小就认为有九颗行星的人来说，这是我们完成这组行星的时刻。 机器人探测器已经到达了所有其他行星——甚至是遥远的天王星和海王星。 冥王星是熟悉的九颗星中最后一颗造访的。Of course, it was demoted to dwarf status in 2006, but this doesn't seem to have dulled anyone's enthusiasm. The New Horizons probe will sweep by at high speed, grabbing as many pictures and other types of science data as it can. Not just of Pluto but also its five moons: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos and Hydra.当然，它在 2006 年被降级为矮人，但这似乎并没有削弱任何人的热情。 新视野号探测器将高速掠过，尽可能多地获取图片和其他类型的科学数据。 不仅是冥王星，还有它的五个卫星：Charon、Styx、Nix、Kerberos 和 Hydra。Unfortunately, the vast distance from Earth makes for very weak radio signals, and it's going to take many months to get all the images back. Nonetheless, the lead researcher, Alan Stern, says we should be prepared for some remarkable discoveries...不幸的是，与地球的遥远距离导致无线电信号非常微弱，要恢复所有图像需要好几个月的时间。 尽管如此，首席研究员艾伦斯特恩表示，我们应该为一些非凡的发现做好准备......I like to say that this is in a sense, a return to the kind of space exploration in the sixties and seventies, when everything was completely new - first mission to Venus, first mission to Mars, first mission to everywhere. And although new missions, for example to the surface of Mars, teach us tremendous amounts, where people say we re-write the textbook. This is an example of not re-writing the textbook - we're gonna write the textbook.我想说，这在某种意义上是回到了六七十年代的那种太空探索，那时一切都是全新的——第一次到金星的任务，第一次到火星的任务，第一次到无处不在的任务。尽管新任务（例如火星表面任务）教会了我们大量知识，但人们说我们重写了教科书。这是一个不重写教科书的例子——我们要写教科书。词汇表complete the set （此处指）证明太阳系确实有九大行星robotic probes 机器探测器familiar 熟知的demoted 被降级dwarf status 矮（星）级别dulled 使降低、失去兴趣grabbing 抓取vast 巨大的remarkable 不同寻常的，非凡的in a sense 从某种程度上，从某种意义上讲mission 任务tremendous 极多的，惊人的

Starting this Friday, eight free wi-fi hotspots will start operating at rest stops all the way up the mountain, including three on the summit. Japanese tourism officials say they will be handing out English instructions to hikers as they head up the trails.从本周五开始，八个免费 Wi-Fi 热点将在上山途中的休息站开始运行，其中三个位于山顶。 日本旅游官员表示，他们将在徒步旅行者前往小径时向他们分发英语说明。They seem to be hoping that photos and videos posted from Japan's highest mountain will spread across the internet bringing lots of free publicity and lots more tourists.他们似乎希望从日本最高峰发布的照片和视频能在互联网上传播，带来大量免费宣传和更多游客。The question for anyone who's been up the mountain is: 'Why does Mount Fuji need more publicity?' In the peak climbing months of July and August, the trails are already jammed with nearly 10,000 people a day. Last year, a record 285,000 people made it to the summit.任何上过山的人都会问：“为什么富士山需要更多宣传？” 在七八月份的攀登高峰期，每天都有近万人挤满小径。 去年，创纪录的 285,000 人成功登顶。词汇表wi-fi hotspots 无限网络热点rest stops 休息站summit 顶峰hikers 徒步旅行者spread across 扩散到某处publicity 宣传jammed 拥挤的，挤满人的

It took three years to complete, and weighs in at an impressive 340 pages, but Sir Howard's report on aviation capacity comes to a simple, single conclusion.这份报告用了三年时间才完成，厚达 340 页，令人印象深刻，但霍华德爵士关于航空能力的报告得出了一个简单、单一的结论。A new runway at Heathrow is the best option for maintaining Britain's connections to the world and providing billions of pounds in economic growth. In a move that is likely to be welcomed by business leaders and greeted with dismay by local residents and environmental groups, Sir Howard said that a third runway at one of the world's busiest airports would provide 70,000 new jobs by 2050.希思罗机场的新跑道是保持英国与世界联系并提供数十亿英镑经济增长的最佳选择。霍华德爵士表示，到 2050 年，世界上最繁忙机场之一的第三条跑道将提供 70,000 个新工作岗位，此举可能会受到商界领袖的欢迎，但也会受到当地居民和环保组织的失望。To mitigate at least some of the controversy the commission's recommendations will surely spark, Sir Howard proposed a number of measures. Night flights will be banned – the government would make a parliamentary pledge not to build a fourth runway and an aviation noise levy would fund insulation for homes and schools. There would also be a legal commitment on air quality.为了至少减轻委员会的建议肯定会引发的一些争议，霍华德爵士提出了一些措施。夜间飞行将被禁止——政府将在议会做出不建造第四条跑道的承诺，航空噪音税将为家庭和学校的隔音提供资金。还将对空气质量作出法律承诺。

Why do farmers grow crops outside in fields when we can stack them vertically? The idea of vertical farming was first proposed in 1999. It was seen as a way to save space, reduce air miles and transform old and abandoned buildings, like warehouses. In 2021, Fortune Business Insights valued the global vertical farming market at 3.47 billion dollars. Now, however, this industry is under threat, partly due to rising energy costs.当我们可以垂直堆放农作物时，为什么农民要在外面的田地里种庄稼？垂直农业的想法于 1999 年首次提出。它被视为一种节省空间、减少飞行里程和改造旧的和废弃的建筑物（如仓库）的方法。 2021年，Fortune Business Insights对全球垂直农业市场的估值为34.7亿美元。然而，现在这个行业正面临威胁，部分原因是能源成本上升。According to the magazine Science Focus, vertical farming gives ten times the yield of conventional outdoor farming. However, in order for crops to grow using this method, plants are placed in a controlled environment, grown not under the Sun, but under LED lights and watered with recycled water pumped on a closed-loop system.据《科学焦点》杂志报道，垂直农业的产量是传统户外农业的十倍。然而，为了使用这种方法种植作物，植物被放置在受控环境中，不是在阳光下生长，而是在 LED 灯下生长，并用在闭环系统中泵送的循环水浇灌。Unfortunately, energy prices have risen across the globe. Therefore, this reliance on electricity has meant the last few years have not been easy for the industry. Cindy van Rijswick, from the Dutch research firm RaboResearch, has estimated that operational costs for a vertical farm are around 15% higher now compared to 18 months ago. Infarm, Europe's largest vertical farming company, made around 500 employees redundant back in November 2022 because they needed to downsize. They blamed higher operating costs due to energy increases as one reason for the layoffs.不幸的是，全球能源价格都在上涨。因此，这种对电力的依赖意味着过去几年对该行业来说并不容易。荷兰研究公司 RaboResearch 的 Cindy van Rijswick 估计，与 18 个月前相比，垂直农场的运营成本现在高出约 15%。早在 2022 年 11 月，欧洲最大的垂直农业公司 Infarm 就裁员了约 500 名员工，因为他们需要缩减规模。他们将裁员的原因之一归咎于能源增加导致的运营成本增加。Another issue related to the cost-of-living crisis and affecting vertical farming is the type of produce grown. This includes herbs such as basil, as well as salad leaves and leafy greens. Compared to traditionally farmed ingredients, like onions and carrots, these products are more expensive so could be less in demand as consumers watch their spending more.So, it seems a future with food grown under LED lights is looking less and less bright.与生活成本危机相关并影响垂直农业的另一个问题是种植的农产品类型。这包括罗勒等香草，以及沙拉叶和绿叶蔬菜。与传统种植的食材（如洋葱和胡萝卜）相比，这些产品价格更高，因此随着消费者更加注意自己的支出，需求可能会减少。因此，在 LED 灯下种植食物的未来似乎越来越不光明。词汇表crop 作物，庄稼field 田地stack 叠放，摞起来vertical farming 垂直农业air mile （食物）里程warehouse 仓库yield 产量controlled environment 受控的环境LED light 发光二极管（LED）灯pump 用泵输送closed-loop 闭环的reliance 依赖operational cost 运营成本make redundant 裁员downsize （公司或组织）减员layoff （因工作岗位不足的）解雇cost-of-living crisis 生活成本危机produce 农产品basil 罗勒salad leaves 拌沙拉常用的菜叶leafy greens 绿叶蔬菜farmed 耕种的，种植的

The 35-year-old woman had to be cut out of her jeans after she lost the feeling in her lower legs, which had become badly swollen.这位 35 岁的女士在她的小腿已经严重肿胀失去知觉后，不得不将她的牛仔裤剪掉。The doctors said the tight jeans had caused a loss of blood supply as well as muscle and nerve damage.医生说紧身牛仔裤导致血液供应中断以及肌肉和神经损伤。The case study, which is published in an online medical journal, says the woman had spent the previous day helping a relative move house and a number of hours squatting as she emptied cupboards, feeling more uncomfortable as the day progressed.该案例研究发表在一份在线医学杂志上，她说前一天帮助一位亲戚搬家，并在清空橱柜时蹲了好几个小时，随着时间的推移，她感到越来越不舒服。The woman was treated in hospital for four days and is now thought to have made a full recovery. 这名妇女在医院接受了四天的治疗，现在被认为已经完全康复。词汇表swollen 肿胀的blood supply 供血muscle 肌肉nerve 神经relative 亲戚squatting 蹲着made a full recovery 完全恢复了健康

Motorists over 70 are considered to be amongst the safest on the road. Many avoid rush-hour and late-night driving and are said to cause fewer accident-related injuries than younger drivers.70 岁以上的驾车者被认为是道路上最安全的人。 许多人避免高峰时间和深夜驾驶，据说与年轻司机相比，事故相关伤害更少。But more of them than ever are being stopped from driving for medical reasons. In 2011 just over 10,000 over-70s were banned because of their health. By last year, that figure had risen by a third to nearly 13,000 drivers.但他们中有比以往任何时候都更多的人因医疗原因被禁止开车。 2011 年，超过 10,000 名 70 岁以上的人因为健康问题被禁止参加。 到去年，这个数字增加了三分之一，达到近 13,000 名司机。The DVLA (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency) says it is not clear why there has been such a surge in the number of older drivers losing their licence on health grounds.DVLA（驾驶员和车辆许可机构）表示，尚不清楚为什么因健康原因失去驾照的年长驾驶员数量激增。词汇表motorists 开车的人群considered 被认为是amongst 其中accident-related 由事故造成的injuries 受伤medical reasons 由于医疗原因banned 禁止health 健康figure 数据clear 明确，清楚surge 猛涨，突然上升licence 驾照on health grounds 基于健康理由

With their waddling gait and lack of flight, penguins have long been an oddity in the bird kingdom. Now zoologists have discovered they're unusual too in their sense of taste.由于走路摇摇晃晃、不会飞，企鹅长期以来一直是鸟类王国中的异类。 现在，动物学家发现它们的味觉也很不寻常。Most birds can't detect sweet things. But penguins have also lost the taste for bitter and umami, or meaty flavours. Scientists think fish would taste of little but salt to a penguin. And because they swallow fish whole they may not be able to discern flavours at all.大多数鸟类无法检测到甜食。 但是企鹅也失去了对苦味和鲜味或肉味的味觉。 科学家们认为，对于企鹅来说，鱼的味道只有咸味。 而且因为他们会吞下整条鱼，所以他们可能根本无法辨别味道。They say the puzzle could be explained by the penguins' evolution in the extreme cold of Antarctica.他们说这个谜题可以用企鹅在南极洲极寒环境中的进化来解释。词汇表waddling (身体)摇摇摆摆的gait 步态lack 缺少flight 飞翔的能力oddity 奇特（现象）bird kingdom 鸟王国zoologists 动物学家detect 尝到bitter 苦味umami 鲜味meaty 肉味whole 整个的，（指整条鱼被吞下）discern 辨别puzzle 谜，难题evolution 进化extreme 极端的

Gardening requires a lot of physical labor. The activity can extend from light exercise to heavy labor. All that bending, lifting, digging, carrying and moving burns calories and builds muscle. But it can also injure the body. A gardener’s back can start to hurt and so can their knees. Even the strongest and healthiest of gardeners can hurt themselves. For people who are less physically fit or who have health conditions that limit movement or cause pain, gardening may seem impossible. But there are ways to grow plants that are gentle on the body says expert Jessica Damiano. She recently provided some advice on the subject in a report for the Associated Press.园艺需要大量的体力劳动。活动可以从轻度运动延伸到重度劳动。所有这些弯曲、举重、挖掘、搬运和移动都可以燃烧卡路里并锻炼肌肉。但它也会伤害身体。园丁的背部可能会开始受伤，膝盖也会受伤。即使是最强壮、最健康的园丁也会伤到自己。对于身体较差或身体状况限制运动或引起疼痛的人来说，园艺似乎是不可能的。但专家杰西卡达米亚诺说，有一些方法可以种植对身体温和的植物。她最近在美联社的一篇报道中就这个问题提出了一些建议。Damiano said she uses heating pads on her neck and lower back for about five minutes before starting to garden. This helps to prepare her muscles for work. A few minutes of gentle stretching helps, too. Try to collect all the tools you will need before settling in to your labor. It is also a good idea to store the heaviest equipment on waist-height shelves for the easiest and safest removal and return. Taking simple care in the way you lift and carry the objects you need can prevent injury. Remember to bend at the knees when lifting bags of mulch. You can stand with your feet as far apart as your shoulders to keep your balance. If bending at all is too difficult, or if you garden while seated, grow plants in raised beds that are as tall as your chair or the middle part of your body. You also can grow plants in towers or on trellises.达米亚诺说，在开始园艺之前，她在脖子和腰部使用加热垫约五分钟。这有助于让她的肌肉为工作做好准备。几分钟的温和拉伸也有帮助。在开始工作之前，尝试收集所有你需要的工具。将最重的设备存放在腰高的架子上也是一个好主意，以便最简单、最安全地取出和归还。举起和搬运所需物品的方式要小心谨慎，这样可以防止受伤。提起覆盖物袋时，请记住弯曲膝盖。您可以站立时双脚分开与肩同远以保持平衡。如果根本无法弯腰，或者如果您坐着进行园艺，请在与您的椅子或身体中部一样高的高架床上种植植物。您也可以在塔中或棚架上种植植物。Use wheelbarrows to transport heavy supplies. It is easy to overestimate your ability to carry heavy loads. The result can lead to injury. When you carry weight on your own, hold heavy objects to your chest, keeping your back as straight as possible. Plant containers can be very heavy. It is best to set containers where you want them before you fill them. Damiano’s flower garden contains mostly perennials. She likes them better than annuals, which need replanting every year. That lessens her work – and bending – a great deal. Plus, perennials, which return year after year, usually cost more at first but, over time, save money because you are not buying new annuals every spring.使用手推车运输重物。很容易高估您承载重物的能力。结果可能导致受伤。当你自己负重时，将重物放在胸前，尽可能保持背部挺直。植物容器可能很重。最好在填充容器之前将其放置在您想要的位置。达米亚诺的花园主要种植多年生植物。她比一年生植物更喜欢它们，一年生植物每年都需要重新种植。这大大减轻了她的工作量和弯曲度。此外，年复一年回归的多年生植物一开始通常会花费更多，但随着时间的推移，您会省钱，因为您不会在每年春天都购买新的一年生植物。Move around on a garden seat with wheels. You also can use pads to protect your knees. If you have hand pain or difficulty holding onto things, many tools now come with improved grips. You can also update your existing tools with grips and wraps made to fit them. Most importantly, take it slow and easy. Limit gardening periods to between 60 and 90 minutes.在带轮子的花园座椅上四处走动。您也可以使用护垫来保护膝盖。如果您有手痛或抓东西困难，现在许多工具都改进了抓握方式。您还可以使用适合它们的把手和包裹来更新现有工具。最重要的是，慢慢来，轻松一点。将园艺时间限制在 60 到 90 分钟之间。

Growth last year was good, but not as good as originally hoped and there are worries that the economy is losing momentum. The British economy is probably still expanding faster than any other major economy, and this is the fastest rate of growth since 2007.去年的增长不错，但不如最初希望的那么好，人们担心经济正在失去动力。 英国经济的扩张速度可能仍高于任何其他主要经济体，这是自 2007 年以来的最快增速。However, that growth is rather patchy. The services sector is once again leading the way. But the construction industry is contracting quite sharply and manufacturing industry is pretty flat.然而，这种增长相当不稳定。 服务业再次领跑。 但是建筑业正在急剧收缩，而制造业则相当平淡。All eyes will now be on the growth rate in the first three months of this year. That could show the economy's expansion is slowing down again or it could be boosted by lower fuel prices. It's too early to say. We'll only know for certain in three months' time, just before the general election.现在所有的目光都将集中在今年前三个月的增长率上。 这可能表明经济扩张正在再次放缓，或者可能受到较低燃料价格的提振。 现在说还为时过早。 三个月后，就在大选之前，我们才能确定。词汇表growth 增长momentum 动力，势头expanding 扩张，发展rate 速度，速率patchy 分布不均衡的services sector 服务行业construction industry 建筑业contracting 缩小， 收缩sharply 大幅度的，急剧的manufacturing industry 制造业flat 停滞的，不景气的all eyes 所有的注意力expansion 扩张，发展boosted 推动

Some American skateboarders are creating new moves by combining longboarding and dance.This version of the activity is already popular in southern California. It has also become popular in cities like Paris, France and Seoul, South Korea.Reporters from The Associated Press recently spoke with some skaters about the unusual activity. The AP described it as bringing together skating and dance -- with a little danger as well.一些美国滑板运动员正在通过结合长板和舞蹈创造新动作。这个版本的活动在南加州已经很流行了。它在法国巴黎和韩国首尔等城市也很受欢迎。美联社记者最近采访了一些滑冰运动员，了解了这一不寻常的活动。美联社将其描述为将滑冰和舞蹈结合在一起——也有一点危险。Hannah Dooling told the AP she often joins friends in Santa Monica, near Los Angeles, where they enjoy longboard dancing and doing tricks.Longboards started out as a way for surfers to keep in shape when they were not in the water. They are longer than traditional skateboards. The added length can be more difficult to move with, but many skaters say they can be more graceful on a longboard.Today, skaters use longboards to make sidewalk turns and bomb hills. They also use them for longboard dancing.汉娜·杜林 (Hannah Dooling) 告诉美联社，她经常和洛杉矶附近的圣莫尼卡 (Santa Monica) 的朋友们一起，在那里他们喜欢跳长板舞和表演技巧。长板最初是冲浪者在不在水中时保持身材的一种方式。它们比传统滑板更长。增加的长度可能更难移动，但许多滑冰者表示他们可以在长板上更加优雅。今天，滑冰者使用长板进行人行道转弯和轰炸山丘。他们还用它们来跳长板舞。Dooling, who is 30 years old, showed off some of her moves during a recent night in an empty parking lot in Santa Monica. She was joined by her 33-year-old friend Yun Huang and Jane Kang and Christie Goodman. Kang and Goodman are both 29.Everyone in the group wore wide-leg pants and flat-bottomed shoes for riding. The friends get together most Saturday and Sunday afternoons if the weather is nice.The meetups are supported by the Dancing Foundation. The non-profit group started with assistance from American technology company Google. The organization was started by Achille Brighton, a 39-year-old software engineer.30 岁的杜林最近的一个晚上在圣塔莫尼卡一个空荡荡的停车场展示了她的一些动作。她 33 岁的朋友 Yun Huang、Jane Kang 和 Christie Goodman 也加入了她的行列。康和古德曼都是 29 岁。一行人都穿着阔腿裤和平底鞋骑行。如果天气好的话，大多数周六和周日的下午，朋友们都会聚在一起。这些聚会得到了舞蹈基金会的支持。这个非营利组织是在美国科技公司谷歌的帮助下开始的。该组织由 39 岁的软件工程师 Achille Brighton 创立。Longboard dance is still quite young. But Brighton told the AP it has already spread worldwide – from southern California to Paris to Seoul. He said those places have public squares and a lot of open spaces where people can watch the skaters.“You don’t need skate parks. You just need roads," Brighton said. "And because you do it in public, you’re out there, people see it. And they’re like, ‘Oh, that’s kind of cool.’”Dooling was one of the first to try longboard dancing. She learned to skate in the northwestern city of Seattle, Washington. Now, she works remotely for the technology company Amazon in Los Angeles. Dooling said she did not know anybody when she first moved to the area with her partner in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through skating, she said, she found a community.长板舞还很年轻。但布赖顿告诉美联社，它已经传播到世界各地——从南加州到巴黎再到首尔。他说那些地方有公共广场和很多空地，人们可以在那里观看滑冰者。“你不需要滑板公园。你只需要道路，”布莱顿说。“而且因为你在公共场合这样做，所以你就在那里，人们会看到它。他们就像，‘哦，那有点酷。’”杜林是最早尝试跳长板舞的人之一。她在华盛顿州西北部城市西雅图学会了滑冰。现在，她在洛杉矶的科技公司亚马逊远程工作。杜林说，在 2021 年 COVID-19 大流行期间，她和伴侣第一次搬到该地区时，她不认识任何人。她说，通过滑冰，她找到了一个社区。Huang, a native of Melbourne, Australia, started skating during the pandemic. Some days, her board and her dog were the only things that would get her outdoors and moving.“We were all kind of depressed from COVID," she told the AP. "I tried meditation before. That didn’t work for me, but I felt like I could really be in the zone with this.”Brighton said he thinks one thing that ties together longboarding and longboard dancing is danger. You might miss a step; you might fall; you might get hurt, he said.“And that’s the exciting bit.”黄，土生土长的澳大利亚墨尔本人，在大流行期间开始滑冰。有时候，她的滑板和她的狗是唯一能让她到户外活动的东西。她告诉美联社：“我们都对 COVID 感到沮丧。”“我以前尝试过冥想。这对我不起作用，但我觉得我真的可以在这个区域。”布莱顿说，他认为将长板运动和长板舞蹈联系在一起的一件事是危险的。您可能会错过一步；你可能会跌倒；你可能会受伤，他说。“那是令人兴奋的一点。”

Buying shampoo can be overwhelming – there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair, while others promise to strengthen and add volume. But are any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all?购买洗发水可能会让人不知所措——品牌众多，价格差异巨大。 一些品牌承诺修复和滋养我们的头发，而另一些品牌则承诺加强和增加头发的体积。 但这些说法都是真的吗？ 我们甚至需要洗发水吗？Since long before shampoo was invented – some say in India – our bodies have been producing sebum – an oil-like substance. Sebum stops our skin from getting dry, manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if left untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become greasy. There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair regularly for aesthetic reasons.早在洗发水发明之前——有人说是在印度——我们的身体就一直在产生皮脂——一种油状物质。 皮脂阻止我们的皮肤变干，管理我们头皮的健康，让我们的头发闪亮。 但它也会积聚污垢，如果长时间未接触，皮脂会使我们的头发变得油腻。 Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic 的毛发学家埃莉诺·理查森 (Eleanore Richardson) 说，从健康的角度来看，让我们的头发油腻并没有什么坏处，但许多人出于审美原因选择定期洗头。And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfactants. They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair, meaning when we rinse away the shampoo, we also wash away the grease and dirt. But, as Laura Waters, who's a Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis in the School of Applied Sciences at Huddersfield University, points out, 'some surfactants work too well' and take the natural oils out of the hair, as well. More expensive shampoos may contain less harsh surfactants, but – adds Laura Waters – the type of shampoo doesn't really matter. 'It's on our hair very briefly and gets washed away'. It's the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair.所以我们伸手去拿洗发水瓶。 洗发水含有一组称为表面活性剂的化学物质。 它们抓住我们头发表面的污垢和油脂，这意味着当我们冲洗掉洗发水时，我们也洗掉了油脂和污垢。 但是，正如哈德斯菲尔德大学应用科学学院药物分析教授劳拉·沃特斯 (Laura Waters) 所指出的那样，“一些表面活性剂效果太好”，而且还会去除头发中的天然油脂。 更昂贵的洗发水可能含有较少的刺激性表面活性剂，但 - 劳拉沃特斯补充道 - 洗发水的类型并不重要。 “它在我们的头发上停留的时间非常短，然后就会被冲走”。 正是我们在洗发后使用的护发素和定型产品对我们头发的质地和触感产生了更大的影响。Of course, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to cleanse it off, creating a vicious circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn't expect it to be a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you're in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo can bring them back to life.当然，我们涂的越多，就越需要清洗，形成恶性循环。 所以，是的，我们似乎确实需要洗发水，但我们也不应期望它是一种灵丹妙药。 最后，下次你在洗发水货架时，请记住头发是由死去的蛋白质细胞组成的，遗憾的是，即使是最昂贵的洗发水也无法让它们起死回生。词汇表brand 品牌repair 修复nourish 滋养strengthen 使强韧，强化volume 数量sebum 皮脂oil-like substance 类似油类物质scalp 头皮shiny 有光泽的greasy 油腻的aesthetic 美观的chemical 化学品surfactant 表面活性剂surface 表层rinse 冲洗，清洗harsh 刺激性强的conditioner 护发素styling product 美发定型产品texture （发）质，质地cleanse 清洁，清洗miracle cure 灵丹妙药

词汇表World Heritage 世界遗产candidates 候选settlements 定居地peatland 泥炭地preservation 保护，维护tentative list 预备名单，暂定名单migratory 迁徙的flyway 迁飞路径In total, there are more than 1,100 World Heritage sites across the globe, including the pyramids and the Great Barrier Reef.全球共有1100多处世界遗产，包括金字塔和大堡礁。The Government has now submitted seven candidates to join this list, including the Zenith of Iron Age Shetland, a collection of three ancient settlements that date back thousands of years, and the Flow Country, a large area of peatland in the north of Scotland.英国政府现已提交了七处候选景点，其中包括铁器时代设得兰天顶遗址，它是一个由三个可追溯到数千年前的古老定居点构成的集群遗址，还包括弗罗湿地区，它是苏格兰北部的一大片泥炭地。If successful, they will join 33 other UK-based heritage sites, including Stonehenge and Hadrian's Wall and receive legal protection and preservation funding.如果申遗成功，这些景点将与巨石阵和哈德良长城等33处位于英国的世界遗产一起获得法律保护和维护资金。The submissions form part of a tentative list published around every ten years by the UK Government and also sees applications for a bird migratory route, which includes part of the north and east of England known as the east Atlantic flyway, the Gracehill Moravian Church settlement in Northern Ireland, and marine parks in the British overseas territory of the Cayman Islands.这个候选名单是英国政府约每十年发布的一份预备名单的一部分，此名单中还包括英格兰北部和东部被称作 “东大西洋迁飞路径” 的候鸟迁徙路线、北爱尔兰格雷斯希尔莫拉维亚教堂定居点和英国海外领地开曼群岛的海洋公园等景点。