The Dr. Hyman Show

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. The RDA, or Recommended Dietary Allowance, for minerals is set to prevent deficiency, not to optimize health. Yet even small amounts of mineral insufficiency can lead to big problems. Unfortunately, the majority of Americans are deficient in the mineral and essential nutrient magnesium. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. James DiNicolantonio, Dr. Todd LePine, and Dr. Elizabeth Boham about the importance of magnesium and selecting the best form of magnesium for your personal needs. Dr. James DiNicolantonio is a Doctor of Pharmacy and a cardiovascular research scientist. He has contributed extensively to health policy and has testified in front of the Canadian Senate regarding the harms of added sugars. He serves as the associate editor of the British Medical Journal’s Open Heart, a journal published in partnership with the British Cardiovascular Society, and is on the editorial advisory boards of several other medical journals. He is the author or coauthor of over 250 publications in the medical literature. He also is the author of five bestselling health books, The Salt Fix, Superfuel, The Longevity Solution, The Immunity Fix, and The Mineral Fix. Dr. Todd LePine graduated from Dartmouth Medical School and is board certified in Internal Medicine, specializing in Integrative Functional Medicine. He is an Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner. Prior to joining The UltraWellness Center, he worked as a physician at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, MA. Dr. LePine’s focus at The UltraWellness Center is to help his patients achieve optimal health and vitality by restoring the natural balance to both the mind and the body. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Mark Hyman Dr. James DiNicolantonio Dr. Todd LePine Dr. Elizabeth Boham

This episode is brought to you by LMNT and Athletic Greens. I often hear from patients, “I’ve hit a stubborn weight-loss plateau; even though I seem to be doing everything right, like eating the right foods and exercising, I’m not losing weight. How can I overcome that obstacle?” While many culprits contribute to weight-loss resistance, I find addressing hormonal imbalances helps many patients lose stubborn weight. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk all about three big hormone disruptors: thyroid, cortisol, and sex hormones. This episode is brought to you by LMNT and Athletic Greens. Right now LMNT is offering my listeners a free sample pack with any purchase. This is a great way to try all eight flavors or share LMNT with a friend. Get yours at DrinkLMNT.com/hyman today. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The effects of excess insulin (3:40 / 1:35) Hypothyroidism or low thyroid function (4:33 / 2:15) Causes of thyroid dysfunction (5:43 / 3:37) Strategies for optimizing thyroid function and weight loss (6:39 / 4:30) Cortisol and resistance to weight loss (11:02 / 8:55) Resetting your nervous system (13:34 / 10:40) Sex-hormone imbalances (15:17 / 13:10) Strategies for balancing sex hormones (18:05 / 15:58) Mentioned in this episode How To Work With Your Doctor To Get What You Need The UltraThyroid Solution

This episode is brought to you by Sunlighten, BiOptimizers, AirDoctor, and Athletic Greens. Humans are a reflection of our environments and what we consume. When it comes to extending our health span—the number of healthy years we exist on this planet—it is critical to pay attention to what we consume, and that means paying attention to what our food consumes. I’m excited to sit down with my good friend, Dr. Jeff Bland, to discuss exciting new research from his recent clinical trial on the impact of phytochemicals on immune system aging and how to utilize the power of nature’s anti-aging wisdom through food. Dr. Bland is the founder of Big Bold Health. Through Big Bold Health, Dr. Bland is advocating for the power of Immuno-Rejuvenation to enhance immunity at a global level, often through the rediscovery of ancient food crops and superfoods. Dr. Bland and his wife, Susan, founded The Institute for Functional Medicine in 1991, and the Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute in 2012. Dr. Bland is the author of The Disease Delusion: Conquering the Causes of Chronic Illness for a Healthier, Longer, and Happier Life, as well as countless additional books and research papers. This episode is brought to you by Sunlighten, BiOptimizers, AirDoctor, and Athletic Greens. Right now, you can save up to $600 on your Sunlighten purchase. Visit Sunlighten.com/mark-hyman and mention my name, Dr. Hyman, to save. BiOptimizers is offering my listeners 10% off Sleep Breakthrough. If you buy two or more you’ll get a free bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough. This is a limited-time offer. Go to sleepbreakthrough.com/hyman and use the code hyman10. Right now, if you go to drhyman.com/filter you can get AirDoctor purifiers for $329. That’s $280 dollars off the normal price. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Learnings about human longevity from plant genetics (9:12 / 5:42) The role of phytochemicals in human health (15:59 / 13:41) The hormetic effects of eating plants (22:10 / 18:10) How Dr. Bland discovered the benefits of Himalayan tartary buckwheat (28:20 / 24:34) The immune system and the aging process (30:30 / 26:37) Inflammation and the aging process (35:31 / 31:30) Rejuvenating our immune system to reverse aging (39:37 / 35:57) Top foods to eat for longevity (57:56 / 53:55) Learn more about the Integrative Healthcare Symposium. Gain access to Integrative Practitioner, the only online interdisciplinary resource and community for integrative healthcare providers, by becoming a Gold member today. Use the code FARMACY10 at checkout for a $10 discount off your annual membership here.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Bioptimizers, and Levels. Brain conditions, such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, autism, Alzheimer’s, and even schizophrenia, are fast becoming one of the largest categories of chronic health concerns. Instead of just relying on the traditional approach of looking at the brain in isolation as the means of healing these conditions, we are learning more and more that when you heal the body, you also heal the mind. In today’s episode, I talk with Dhru Purohit, Dr. Dale Bredesen, and Dr. Todd LePine about the one common factor behind all brain disorders: inflammation. We explore how inflammation may arise from our diets, toxins in our environment, stress, and more. Dhru Purohit is a podcast host, serial entrepreneur, and investor in the health and wellness industry. His podcast, The Dhru Purohit Podcast, is a top 50 global health podcast with over 30 million unique downloads. His interviews focus on the inner workings of the brain and the body and feature the brightest minds in wellness, medicine, and mindset. Dr. Dale Bredesen is internationally recognized as an expert in the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and the author of the New York Times bestsellers The End of Alzheimer's, The End of Alzheimer's Program, and his latest book, The First Survivors of Alzheimer's: How Patients Recovered Life and Hope in Their Own Words. Dr. Todd LePine graduated from Dartmouth Medical School and is board certified in Internal Medicine, specializing in Integrative Functional Medicine. He is an Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner. Prior to joining The UltraWellness Center, he worked as a physician at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, MA. Dr. LePine’s focus at The UltraWellness Center is to help his patients achieve optimal health and vitality by restoring the natural balance to both the mind and the body. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Bioptimizers, and Levels. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. BiOptimizers is offering my listeners 10% off Sleep Breakthrough. If you buy two or more you’ll get a free bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough. This is a limited-time offer. Go to sleepbreakthrough.com/hyman and use the code hyman10. Levels provides real-time feedback on how diet and lifestyle choices impact your metabolic health. Right now, Levels is offering an additional two free months of their annual membership. Learn more at levels.link/HYMAN. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dhru Purohit Dr. Dale Bredesen Dr. Todd LePine

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Mitopure. Our biology is designed to function in very particular ways. With our modern lifestyles, most of us simply aren’t getting enough of the good things we need—the things that are designed to help us thrive. And just as much as we need to cut out the bad, we must increase the good to be able to truly live happy, meaningful, and fully engaged lives. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk all about what we need to increase or add to our lives to create health. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Mitopure. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Mitopure is the first and only clinically tested pure form of a natural gut metabolite called urolithin A that clears damaged mitochondria away from our cells and supports the growth of new, healthy mitochondria. Get 10% off at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10 at checkout. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Using food as medicine (4:04 / 1:44) Principles of the Pegan diet (5:30 / 2:08) How to practice good sleep hygiene (10:26 / 8:07) Exercise and longevity (16:06 / 13:46) My weekly exercise routine (17:50 / 15:30) Building community and a sense of purpose (18:25 / 17:20) Practices for stress management (22:30 / 20:11) Mentioned in this episode Sleep Master Class

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, Pendulum, and Sunlighten. Fasting is a powerful tool for longevity. Not only does it switch on our anti-aging genes, but it also activates the immune system, repairing damaged DNA and clearing away injured cells. It also promotes metabolic flexibility, mental clarity, and sustainable energy levels. Today, I talk with Cynthia Thurlow about how fasting works, identifying the type of fasting that is best for you, and special considerations for women interested in fasting. Cynthia Thurlow is a nurse practitioner, author of the bestselling book Intermittent Fasting Transformation, a 2x TEDx speaker, with her second talk having more than 14 million views, and the host of the Everyday Wellness podcast, a consistent top iTunes podcast in Nutrition. With over 20 years of experience in health and wellness, Cynthia is a globally recognized expert in intermittent fasting and women’s health and has been featured on ABC, FOX5, KTLA, CW, Medium, Entrepreneur, and The Megyn Kelly Show. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, Pendulum, and Sunlighten. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests. Check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets at cozyearth.com with the code MARK40. Pendulum is offering my listeners 20% off their first month of an Akkermansia subscription with code HYMAN at Pendulumlife.com. Right now, save up to $600 on your Sunlighten purchase. Visit Sunlighten.com/mark-hyman and mention my name, Dr. Hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Types of fasting practices and which one is best for you (5:44 / 3:07) Two things everyone can do to dramatically improve their health (11:53 / 9:00) How to start fasting and when you should not fast (22:45 / 18:56) The mechanisms of fasting (28:25 / 24:00) Who should not fast (33:04 / 29:10) Cynthia’s journey to healing her autoimmune disease (37:11 / 33:16) Balancing a fasting practice with muscle maintenance (39:55 / 36:00) Post-menopausal women and hormone therapy (43:17 / 39:30) Improving your sleep (1:00:40 / 56:50) Learn more about Cynthia at cynthiathurlow.com. Get a copy of her book, Intermittent Fasting Transformation. Join the waitlist for her IF:45 Program here. For research mentioned in this episode, please visit the Show Notes section for this episode at drhyman.com.

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our latest Dr. Hyman+ Functional Medicine Deep Dive on anxiety with Dr. Natasha Fallahi. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and Athletic Greens. Many of us turn to food as a form of comfort, whether it’s due to not being able to tolerate difficult feelings or not having other forms of pleasure, and it leads to a dependence on using food to soothe and disconnect from our emotions. What we don’t realize is that emotional eating is natural and inborn, and it’s not a matter of having too little willpower. The good news is there are so many things we can do to break unhealthy patterns and cultivate a different relationship with food. In today’s episode, I talk with Marc David and Lisa Lampanelli about why so many of us find ourselves eating when stricken with tough emotions, why it’s normal, and what to do about it. Marc David, MA, is the bestselling author of the books Nourishing Wisdom: A Mind-Body Approach to Nutrition and Well-Being and The Slow Down Diet: Eating for Pleasure, Energy, and Weight Loss, a frequent speaker and consultant, and host of the celebrated Psychology of Eating Podcast. Marc is also the founder of the Institute for the Psychology of Eating, the world’s only health coaching program devoted to teaching the principles of dynamic eating psychology and mind-body nutrition. You probably recognize Lisa Lampanelli’s name from the world of comedy, where she has had a career spanning more than 30 years. She has numerous tours, Grammy nominations, and national TV guest appearances and specials under her belt. Lisa made national headlines in 2012 when she lost more than 100 pounds with the help of bariatric surgery. The comedian went on to speak with unflinching honesty about her lifelong food and body-image issues and has since gone from insulter to inspirer. Now in her 50s, she’s done a career overhaul and works as a life coach, food and body-image workshop leader, speaker, and storyteller. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and Athletic Greens. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. For a limited time, new subscribers to ButcherBox will receive ground beef FOR LIFE. When you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. To receive this offer, go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Marc David Lisa Lampanelli

This episode is brought to you by InsideTracker and Athletic Greens. Relationships are truly at the core of a long and healthy life. The longest-living and most joyous people in the world all share one common trait: a sense of community. When we have a tribe to lean on, it gives us a sense of belonging, connection, and worth outside of ourselves that can open up a wealth of possibilities for us. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk all about how the strength of our connections with others is the number one key to our longevity. This episode is brought to you by InsideTracker and Athletic Greens. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Our social and psychological environments influence our gene expression, health status, and longevity (5:46 / 1:15) Learnings from the Harvard Study of Adult Development study (7:56 / 5:30) Good relationships keep us healthier and happier (9:07 / 7:11) Simple steps we can take to improve the quality of our relationships (9:46 / 8:40) How I stay connected to my friends (12:16 / 9:49) Mentioned in this episode The Harvard Study of Adult Development My interview with Dr. Robert Waldinger Just One Quality Conversation with a Friend Boosts Daily Well-Being Researchers at Michigan State University combed through data on 2,500 long-term married couples

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, BiOptimizers, Mitopure, and Joovv. Skeletal muscle is the currency of healthy aging; it’s an essential lever in maintaining optimal metabolic health, reducing body fat, and supporting longevity. And a major piece of building and maintaining muscle is protein consumption. Today, I talk with Dr. Don Layman about the science of muscle mass, optimal protein requirements for chronic disease prevention, performance, and much more. Dr. Layman is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He served on the faculty at the University of Illinois from 1977 - 2012. Dr. Layman earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry at Illinois State University and his doctorate in human nutrition and biochemistry at the University of Minnesota. He is recognized for research on protein and amino acids for muscle health related to athletic performance, obesity, diabetes, and cardiometabolic health. Dr. Layman is also a nutrition consultant to the food industry. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, BiOptimizers, Mitopure, and Joovv. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Get 10% off BiOptimizers' Sleep Breakthrough and get a free bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough when you buy two or more. This is a limited-time offer. Go to sleepbreakthrough.com/hyman and use the code hyman10. Get 10% off Mitopure at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10. For a limited time, get an exclusive discount on Joovv’s Generation 3.0 devices (some exclusions apply). Go to Joovv.com/farmacy and use the code FARMACY. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The early work that led Donald to muscle-centric health (5:54 /3:42) Protein, carbohydrates, and insulin resistance (19:43 / 14:04) Why all calories are not equal (29:51 / 26:15) Weight-loss research looking at high-carb, low-protein diets (35:14 / 30:58) High percentages of women in certain age groups don’t eat enough protein (43:15 / 38:57) How our protein needs and metabolism change with age (46:17 / 41:40) Meeting protein needs with a vegan diet (52:37 / 47:08) Protein quality and muscle growth (1:01:29 / 55:25) Healthy aging, muscle, and MTOR (01:10:35 / 1:06:16) How much and when should you eat protein? (1:18:07 / 1:15:35) Me at age 40 vs age 60 Find Don on Twitter @donlayman and learn more through his website, MetabolicTransformation.com.

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our monthly Ask Mark Anything episode. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, and Paleovalley. My job as a Functional Medicine doctor is to be a medical detective—to investigate and address the root causes of problems (not just the symptoms), help people fix the underlying problems that cause their symptoms, and recreate balance in the whole system. Rather than ask “what drug should I use to treat the symptom?” I ask “what is causing the symptom in the first place?” In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. Elizabeth Boham, Dr. Steven Phillips and Dana Parish, and Dhru Purohit about why it’s important to thoroughly investigate to get to the root cause of symptoms. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. Dr. Steven Phillips is a renowned, Yale-trained physician, international lecturer, and media go-to expert. Well-published in the medical literature, he has treated over 20,000 patients with complex, chronic illness from nearly 20 countries. Dr. Phillips experienced firsthand the nightmare of an undiagnosed, serious infection after nearly dying from his own mystery illness. He figured out how to save his own life when 25 doctors could not. Dana Parish developed Lyme-induced heart failure as a result of being improperly diagnosed by some of the “top” doctors in the country—and had her life saved by Dr. Phillips. A chart-topping Sony/ATV singer/songwriter who has written songs for artists like Celine Dion and Idina Menzel, she has become a major voice in the world of chronic illness. Her popular column on Huffington Post has been read by more than one million people globally. Dhru Purohit is a podcast host, serial entrepreneur, and investor in the health and wellness industry. His podcast, The Dhru Purohit Podcast, is a top-50 global health podcast with over 30 million unique downloads. His interviews focus on the inner workings of the brain and the body and feature the brightest minds in wellness, medicine, and mindset. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, and Paleovalley. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Elizabeth Boham Dr. Steven Phillips and Dana Parish Dhru Purohit

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Levels. If you’re like most people, you’re sick of being mixed-up and confounded by conflicting media reports about the latest research on which foods are good or bad for us. You know what I’m talking about: one day eggs are unhealthy, and the next day they are a miracle food. So, should we avoid or embrace eggs in our diet? In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk about research that has both led to and debunked concerns associated with eating eggs. I also talk about the production of a gut metabolite called TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) and how the health of our gut microbiome influences our TMAO levels. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Levels. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. By leveraging biosensors like continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), Levels provides real-time feedback on how diet and lifestyle choices impact your metabolic health. Learn more about Levels by going to levels.link/HYMAN. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The research that laid the foundation for the claim that eggs cause blood clots (3:22 / 1:17) Supplemental choline vs dietary choline (4:57 / 2:50) Follow-up research assessing whether eggs raise TMAO levels and cause blood clots (5:23 / 3:16) Debunking myths around eating eggs and high cholesterol (6:05 / 4:05) How gut health influences TMAO production (8:37 / 5:43) Research discussed in this episode Gut Microbe-Generated TMAO from Dietary Choline Is Prothrombotic in Subjects Dietary Choline Supplements, but Not Eggs, Raise Fasting TMAO Levels in Participants with Normal Renal Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial TMAO Response to a High-Fat High-Sugar Meal Challenge in Generally Healthy United States Adults

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, ButcherBox, and InsideTracker. When we experience stress–or any threat to our well-being–our brain goes on high alert, activating an ancient system designed to protect us from a wide variety of threats and dangers. Unfortunately, modern life is keeping most of us in a state of chronic stress activation. This puts our bodies in an ongoing state of survival mode and sets the stage for burnout, fatigue, and adrenal dysfunction. Today on The Doctor’s Farmacy, I talk with Izabella Wentz all about adrenal dysfunction, how it develops, its common signs and symptoms, and how to support your adrenal function to reverse burnout. Izabella Wentz is an internationally acclaimed thyroid specialist and a licensed pharmacist who has dedicated her career to addressing the root causes of autoimmune thyroid disease after being diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in 2009. She is the author of three books on Hashimoto’s: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Lifestyle Interventions for Finding and Treating the Root Cause, Hashimoto’s Food Pharmacology, and Hashimoto’s Protocol, which became a number one New York Times bestseller. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, ButcherBox, and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now, get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets. Just head over to cozyearth.com and use code MARK40. For a limited time, when you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. Go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The start of Izabella’s personal issues with fatigue (5:07 / 2:34) How our body responds to chronic stress (10:38 / 7:24) Stages of adrenal dysfunction (15:56 / 14:13) Detecting adrenal issues (19:37 / 17:18) Four types of stress (26:18 / 22:14) Gut health and adrenal function (33:00 / 29:00) Why thyroid and adrenal dysfunction is so prevalent, especially in women (36:24 / 32:20) Restoring adrenal function (39:20 / 35:20) Understanding and working with your past trauma and triggers (48:24 / 44:28) Fixing your sleep issues (57:29 / 53:30) Get a copy of Izabella’s new book, Adrenal Transformation Protocol, and check out her free guide, The ABCs of Adrenal Support.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, InsideTracker, and Athletic Greens. Western medicine likes to separate the mind from the body, but the truth is, they couldn’t be more connected. Starting at a young age, many of us face hardships that shape the lens through which we see the world. When left unresolved, adversity and trauma can lead to unhealthy lifestyle choices that directly influence our health. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. Jim Gordon, Lewis Howes, and Dr. Gabor Maté about how trauma can be stored in the body and why putting in the effort to work through it is vital to be a happy and healthy person. Dr. Jim Gordon, author of Transforming Trauma: The Path to Hope and Healing, is a Harvard-educated psychiatrist and the founder and CEO of the nonprofit Center for Mind-Body Medicine in Washington, DC. Dr. Gordon is internationally recognized for using self-awareness, self-care, and group support to heal population-wide psychological trauma. He is a clinical professor at Georgetown Medical School and was chairman (under Presidents Clinton and G.W. Bush) of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy. Lewis Howes is a New York Times bestselling author, keynote speaker, and industry-leading show host. Lewis is a two-sport All-American athlete, former professional football player, and member of the US men’s national handball team. His show The School of Greatness is one of the top podcasts in the world, with over 500 million downloads. He was recognized by the White House and President Obama as one of the top 100 entrepreneurs in the country under 30. A renowned speaker and bestselling author, Dr. Gabor Maté is highly sought after for his expertise on a range of topics including addiction, stress, and childhood development. Dr. Maté has written several bestselling books, including the award-winning In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction, When the Body Says No: Exploring the Stress-Disease Connection, and Scattered: How Attention Deficit Disorder Originates and What You Can Do About It, and has coauthored Hold On to Your Kids: Why Parents Need to Matter More Than Peers. His latest book is The Myth of Normal: Trauma, Illness & Healing in a Toxic Culture. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, InsideTracker, and Athletic Greens. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Jim Gordon Lewis Howes Dr. Gabor Maté

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Certain forms of exercise are more effective than others at optimizing our health, metabolism, and longevity. Our aerobic condition, strength, muscle mass, flexibility, and agility are essential for staying healthy and aging well. One main reason why exercise is so effective at keeping us young is due to its hormetic effects. Strength training is one of the best practices for activating hormesis, and it’s available to everyone. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk all about the benefits of strength training and how to get started. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The hormetic effects of exercise (3:25 / 1:36) What is sarcopenia and what does it have to do with longevity? (4:23 / 2:41) The importance of protein for muscle growth (5:33 / 3:14) The hormetic effects of strength training (9:04 / 7:11) The benefits of strength training (11:18 / 9:23) Tips for incorporating strength training into your exercise routine (12:34 / 10:40) What type of protein is needed for muscle growth (15:19 / 13:27)

This episode is brought to you by Mitopure, Beekeeper’s Naturals, LMNT, and Nordic Naturals. Approximately 20 million people are suffering from prolonged post-covid symptoms, with cases increasing daily. In many people, lingering symptoms are still present (or reoccur) 6 to 9 months after Covid infection. While Covid-19 was originally viewed as a respiratory disease, we’ve now gained a new understanding of its impact on our blood vessels and how that affects the entire body. Among the most common lasting symptoms are fatigue, body aches, difficulty breathing, racing heart, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. My guest today, Dr. Leo Galland, is one of the most incredible resources on Covid and long-Covid syndrome and is someone who has had an immense impact on my own health and my career in Functional Medicine. Dr. Galland is a board-certified internist, an international best-selling author, and one of the founders of Functional Medicine. Since the onset of the pandemic, he has devoted most of his time to research on Covid-19 and to the education of other health practitioners in understanding the biology of the disease. He has created a series of documents and videos on the long Covid syndrome intended for the general public and for health professionals. His latest publication, Long Covid: Prevention and Treatment, is available on his website. This episode is brought to you by Mitopure, Beekeeper’s Naturals, LMNT, and Nordic Naturals. Get 10% off Mitopure at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10 at checkout. I discovered Beekeeper’s Naturals’ Propolis Throat Spray and Nasal Spray and they’ve become some of my favorite ways to ensure I’m getting the right nutrients and compounds for immune integrity. Get 20% off at beekeepersnaturals.com/HYMAN and enter code HYMAN. LMNT is offering my listeners a free sample pack with any purchase. Get yours at DrinkLMNT.com/hyman today. Nordic Naturals omegas are pure concentrated omega-3 fish oil made from 100% wild-caught fish. Shop today at nordic.com and save 20% using code FARMACY. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Illness after recovering from Covid (7:17 / 3:40) The most frequently experienced symptoms after Covid (8:15 / 5:40) The two major neurological problems that occur after Covid (10:11 / 7:44) The prevalence of post-Covid illness (11:58 / 8:32) The length of time it takes the body to recover from Covid (15:55 / 13:28) Does Covid virus remain in the body post-Covid? (19:28 / 14:25) Gut dysbiosis and restoring gut health after Covid (27:51 / 23:10) The web of long Covid (36:36 / 31:33) Treating long Covid with diet and Functional Medicine (58:04 / 53:10) Out-of-the-box treatments for long Covid (1:21:36 / 1:04:04) Learn more about Dr. Galland and his long Covid prevention and treatment at drgalland.com.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, BiOptimizers, and InsideTracker. If you have felt the uncomfortable sensation of your stomach expanding after eating, you are not alone. Up to 30% of Americans experience bloating and distention regularly, which are common symptoms of an imbalance in the gut, and they may even be a sign of other health conditions. Functional Medicine places a high value on a healthy gut and uses a whole-body approach to get to the root cause of bloating. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. Elizabeth Boham, Dr. Todd LePine, and Dr. George Papanicolaou about why so many people experience bloating and the importance of treating it. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. Dr. Todd LePine graduated from Dartmouth Medical School and is board certified in Internal Medicine, specializing in Integrative Functional Medicine. He is an Institute for Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner. Prior to joining The UltraWellness Center, he worked as a physician at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, MA, for 10 years. Dr. LePine’s focus at The UltraWellness Center is to help his patients achieve optimal health and vitality by restoring the natural balance of both the mind and the body. Dr. George Papanicolaou is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and is board certified in Family Medicine from Abington Memorial Hospital. Upon graduation from his residency, he joined the Indian Health Service. In 2000, he founded Cornerstone Family Practice in Rowley, MA. He began training in Functional Medicine through the Institute for Functional Medicine. In 2015, he established Cornerstone Personal Health. Dr. Papanicolaou joined The UltraWellness Center in 2017. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, BiOptimizers, and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. BiOptimizers is offering my listeners 10% off Sleep Breakthrough. If you buy two or more you’ll get a free bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough. This is a limited-time offer. Go to sleepbreakthrough.com/hyman and use the code hyman10. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Elizabeth Boham Dr. Todd LePine Dr. George Papanicolaou

This episode is brought to you by ButcherBox and Rupa Health. Many of us grew up with the message that vegetable oils are safe to use as a heart-healthy alternative over traditional saturated fats. Found at your typical grocery store, these clear, tasteless, and highly refined and processed oils include corn, soybean, canola, safflower, and sunflower oils. These highly unstable, highly inflammatory oils were given a gigantic push by advisory groups we trusted, including the American Heart Association, the National Education Cholesterol Program, the National Institutes of Health—and even our government’s own dietary guidelines. It turns out the truth about oils is not so clear cut. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk all about seed oils, why they shouldn’t be a part of your diet, and the type of fat and oils you should consume instead for optimal health. This episode is brought to you by ButcherBox and Rupa Health. For a limited time, new subscribers to ButcherBox will receive free ground beef FOR LIFE. When you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. To receive this offer, go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? (3:57 / 1:40) Should we cut out all vegetable and seed oils? (6:04 / 4:20) The connection between saturated fat and cholesterol (8:20 / 6:20) The importance of omega-6-to-omega-3 ratios (10:18 / 8:30) Oils I generally recommend avoiding (13:41 / 12:20) Saturated fats I generally recommend eating (14:38 / 12:40) My favorite fats and oils (17:57 / 15:55) Mentioned in this episode Eat Fat, Get Thin Function Health

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, BiOptimizers, and InsideTracker. Cold-water immersion and heat therapy are among the biggest wellness trends of the past few years, but they have a long-standing tradition of being practiced around the world. Today, I’m excited to sit down with Dr. Susanna Søberg to discuss the benefits of cold and heat therapy and how they have the potential to activate our longevity pathways. Dr. Susanna Søberg is a Ph.D. in metabolism and specializes in functional breathing and cold and heat exposure for health optimization. She is the Founder and CEO of The Soeberg Institute, where she teaches how to "stress up to stress down" using natural stressors. Her scientific discoveries have shown the minimum threshold for how much cold and heat we need to reap the health benefits. She is an international author of Winter Swimming, a number-one bestseller on Amazon. Her book has been translated into 13 languages. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, BiOptimizers, and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. Check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets at cozyearth.com. Use the code MARK40. BiOptimizers is offering my listeners 10% off Sleep Breakthrough. If you buy two or more you’ll get a free bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough. This is a limited-time offer. Go to sleepbreakthrough.com/hyman. Use the code hyman10. InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): How hot and cold therapy increases health and longevity (5:08 / 3:19) The physiological effects of cold therapy (11:05 / 8:37) The cognitive and mental health benefits of cold therapy (20:40 / 18:40) How cold therapy activates brown fat (31:06 / 26:50) Cold therapy for pain reduction (37:48 / 33:33) Cold therapy best practices (41:54 / 37:40) Is hot and cold therapy better in tandem? (1:00:49 / 53:30) The physiological effects of hot therapy (1:03:57 / 56:42) How much time should you spend in the sauna? (1:13:30 / 1:09:17) Benefits of infrared saunas and hot baths (1:16:58 / 1:12) Research mentioned in this episode Get a copy of Susanna’s book, Winter Swimming: The Nordic Way Towards a Healthier and Happier Life. Get a 10% discount on her three-week online Thermalist course with code HYMAN at https://www.soeberginstitute.com/course/live-thermalist.

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our latest Dr. Hyman+ Functional Medicine Deep Dive on the intersection of genetics and epigenetics with Dr. Tom Malterre. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. How do we want to show up, especially when things get tough? This is a great question to ask ourselves as many of us have the tendency to fall quickly and easily into patterns that don’t serve us well, often causing more harm than good, both physically and mentally. There are ways we can take back control of our minds, however, so that we can let go of stress and enjoy what most matters in life. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. Elissa Epel, Dr. Susan David, and Gabrielle Bernstein about the power of the mind to create or reduce stress. Elissa Epel, PhD, is an internationally renowned health psychologist who is focusing on how to live well and thrive with existential stress, despite the challenges we face personally and globally. She is a professor at UCSF and the director of UCSF’s Aging, Metabolism, and Emotion Center. She is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and past president of the Academy of Behavioral Medicine and serves on scientific advisory committees for the National Institutes of Health. She is the coauthor of the New York Times bestseller The Telomere Effect. Her latest book is The Stress Prescription: Seven Days to More Joy and Ease. Susan David, PhD, is one of the world’s leading management thinkers and an award-winning Harvard Medical School psychologist. Her Wall Street Journal bestselling book, Emotional Agility, describes the psychological skills critical to thriving in times of complexity and change. Susan’s TED Talk on the topic went viral, with over 1 million views in its first week of release. Susan is the CEO of Evidence Based Psychology, on the faculty at Harvard Medical School, a cofounder of the Institute of Coaching (a Harvard Medical School/McLean affiliate), and on the scientific advisory boards of Thrive Global and Virgin Pulse. Gabrielle Bernstein is the New York Times bestselling author of The Universe Has Your Back and has written six additional bestsellers, including Super Attractor, which launched in September 2019. She was featured on Oprah’s Super Soul Sunday as a “next-generation thought leader,” and the Oprah Winfrey Network chose Gabrielle to be part of the “Super Soul 100,” a dynamic group of 100 trailblazers whose vision and life’s work are bringing a higher level of consciousness to the world. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order at paleovalley.com/hyman. Athletic Greens is offering 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Elissa Epel Dr. Susan David Gabrielle Bernstein

This episode is brought to you by InsideTracker and Athletic Greens. We are amidst a metabolic health and obesity crisis that has taken the world by force, hijacking our biology, creating cellular dysfunction, and ultimately making us overweight, depressed, infertile, and chronically ill. The food industry tries to convince us that all calories are the same and then supports a narrative that blames the victim, insinuating that it’s the individual’s fault they are overweight. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk about how we’ve lost our way when it comes to diet and health care, why fat shaming is never the answer, why weight-loss drugs are not the solution to the obesity epidemic, and much more. This episode is brought to you by InsideTracker and Athletic Greens. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Statistics on the metabolic health and obesity crisis (3:26 / 1:28) How your environment influences your health (4:52 / 2:52) The problematic idea that eating less and exercising more is the key to weight loss (6:15 / 4:22) Why being overweight is not your fault (9:59 / 8:35) Can you be healthy at any weight? (12:23 / 10:26) How Big Food and Big Pharma make money off of our ill health (16:04 / 12:30) The problem with treating obesity with pharmaceutical drugs (17:06 / 15:17) Countering the obesity-as-genetic argument (19:52 / 17:20) Mentioned in this episode FoodFixBook.com FoodFix.org

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Pique, and Levels. I bet most of us can relate to having negative thoughts on repeat, whether we’ve actually stopped to think about it or not. Our minds have been conditioned and can get stuck on auto-pilot, making us feel helpless, unhappy, and lost. Today I’m excited to share a conversation with Mel Robbins, all about breaking free from negative thought patterns and incorporating tools to create self-love. A New York Times bestselling author and self-publishing phenom, Mel’s work includes The High 5 Habit, The 5 Second Rule, and the #1 ranking The Mel Robbins Podcast. Her female-led media company produces provocative, life-changing content, with millions of books sold, billions of video views, six #1 audiobooks, and one of the most viewed TEDx talks in the world. Her work has been translated into 41 languages and has changed the lives of millions of people worldwide. And despite all this, Mel is one of the most down-to-earth and caring people you’ll ever meet—because it was out of necessity that she discovered the tools and research that transformed her life and got her to where she is today. Mel lives in New England with her husband of 26 years and their three kids, but she is and will always be a Midwesterner at heart. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Pique, and Levels. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Take advantage of Pique’s limited-time special offer on your first month's supply of Sun Goddess Matcha. Just head over to piquelife.com/farmacy for 15% off plus free shipping on your first month’s supply. Levels provides real-time feedback on how diet and lifestyle choices impact your metabolic health. Get two free months of Levels by going to levels.link/HYMAN. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Breaking free from a negative inner dialogue (4:22 / 2:36) Who we are at our core (7:50 / 6:22) Deciding who you want to become at any point in life (17:44 / 15:48) How to change your mindset (23:56 / 20:24) The power of acting into the person you want to be (30:08 / 25:25) How to overcome excuses and resistance to change (32:54 / 27:56) Overcoming repetitive thought patterns and negative beliefs (47:08 / 42:21) The benefits of changing your physical environment (57:55 / 52:00) Starting your morning to support the person you want to be (58:35 / 55:50) Hacks to create self-love (1:05:00 / 1:00) Check out The Mel Robbins Podcast.

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our monthly Ask Mark Anything episode. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, and BiOptimizers. For many of us, growing up we were told that eating foods high in fat is bad for you. Many people still believe that eating cholesterol and fat, especially saturated fat, causes heart attacks. Yet recent studies show there is no association between saturated fat consumption and adverse health outcomes like coronary disease or heart attacks. We also don’t hear enough about insulin resistance as a main driver of cardiovascular disease. In today’s episode, I talk with Nina Teicholz and Dr. Aseem Malhotra about the origins of the hypothesis that dietary fat raises cholesterol, subsequently increasing heart disease, and how it caught hold. Nina Teicholz is a science journalist and author of the New York Times bestseller The Big Fat Surprise, which upended the conventional wisdom on dietary fat—especially saturated fat—and spurred a new conversation about whether these fats in fact cause heart disease. Nina is also the founder of the Nutrition Coalition, a nonprofit working to ensure that government nutrition policy is transparent and evidence based—work for which she’s been asked to testify before the US Department of Agriculture and the Canadian Senate. Dr. Aseem Malhotra is an NHS-trained consultant, cardiologist, and visiting professor of evidence-based medicine at the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health in Salvador, Brazil. He is a founding member of Action on Sugar. In 2015, he became the youngest member to be appointed to the board of trustees of the UK health charity The King's Fund. He is a pioneer of the lifestyle medicine movement in the UK and in 2018 was ranked by software company Onalytica as the number one doctor in the world influencing obesity thinking. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, and BiOptimizers. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Magnesium Breakthrough really stands out from the other magnesium supplements out there. BiOptimizers is offering my community 10% off plus special gift with purchase, so just head over to magbreakthrough.com/hyman with code hyman10. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Nina Teicholz Dr. Aseem Malhotra

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Mitopure. Chronic stress has become epidemic in our society where faster is better and we attempt to pack more obligations into our ever-expanding schedules. In the face of chronic stress, insulin increases and your adrenal glands release hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones flood your system, raising your heart rate, increasing your blood pressure, making your blood more likely to clot, damaging your brain’s memory center, increasing belly fat storage, and generally wreaking havoc on your body. So what steps can we take to manage stress? In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I talk about how chronic stress creates hormonal havoc and how to use diet and lifestyle practices to reduce its negative effects. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Mitopure. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Mitopure is the first and only clinically tested pure form of a natural gut metabolite called urolithin A that clears damaged mitochondria away from our cells and supports the growth of new, healthy mitochondria. Get 10% off at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10 at checkout. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The dangers of chronic stress (3:16 / 1:35) How stress affects hormones (4:02 / 2:42) How diet affects our stress response (4:56 / 3:56) The importance of working on your mindset (8:07 / 5:52) Simple techniques to reduce stress (8:52 / 6:37)

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Joovv, and Thrive Market. Excess belly fat, or visceral fat around the organs, is the number-one cause of aging. It drives inflammation, increases the risk of blood clots, changes your hormones and brain chemistry, and more. It’s a recipe for disaster in the body. Not only does belly fat surround the organs, but it’s an organ of its own that can produce dangerous inflammatory cytokines that may lead to a cytokine storm. Today on The Doctor’s Farmacy, I sit down with Dr. William Li to talk about the top foods that can fight harmful fat, improve metabolism, and strengthen our body’s natural defense systems. Dr. William Li is an internationally renowned physician, scientist, and author of the New York Times bestseller Eat to Beat Disease: The New Science of How Your Body Can Heal Itself. His groundbreaking research has led to the development of more than 30 new medical treatments that impact care for more than 70 diseases, including diabetes, blindness, heart disease, and obesity. His TED Talk, Can We Eat to Starve Cancer? has garnered more than 11 million views. He is President and Medical Director of the Angiogenesis Foundation and is leading global initiatives on food as medicine. His newest book, Eat to Beat Your Diet: Burn Fat, Heal Your Metabolism, and Live Longer, was just released. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Joovv, and Thrive Market. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. For a limited time, you’ll get an exclusive discount on Joovv’s Generation 3.0 devices (some exclusions apply). Just go to Joovv.com/farmacy and use the code FARMACY. Join Thrive Market today at thrivemarket.com/hyman to receive $80 off your first order. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Top misconceptions about metabolism (3:53 / 2:05) The four phases of metabolism (9:06 / 7:23) A slow metabolism does not cause body fat—it’s the other way around (11:16 / 9:20) What is metabolism? (14:02 / 12:05) Four things that body fat does (22:14 / 20:22) How brown fat was discovered (30:27 / 20:17) Activating brown fat (33:32 / 29:38) Foods that fire up brown fat (36:56 / 33:12) Health risks of being overweight and underweight (47:28 / 43:22) What Dr. Li eats (53:44 / 50:00) Get a copy of Dr. Li’s book, Eat to Beat Your Diet: Burn Fat, Heal Your Metabolism, and Live Longer.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and Athletic Greens. Depending on what form they take, our relationships with others can either make our lives fulfilling and joyful or stressful and even sad. Everyone has the intention to live well and feel happy, but so many of our choices derail us from those goals. Investing our time and energy into our relationships (even the one we have with ourselves) might be the key. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. Robert Waldinger, Esther Perel, and Angelika Alana about why relationships are so important to our health and how to be the best version of yourself in them. Dr. Robert Waldinger is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development at Massachusetts General Hospital, and cofounder of the Lifespan Research Foundation. Dr. Waldinger received his AB from Harvard College and his MD from Harvard Medical School. He is a practicing psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, and he directs a psychotherapy teaching program for Harvard psychiatry residents. Dr. Waldinger is also a Zen master (roshi) and teaches meditation in New England and around the world. Esther Perel, psychotherapist and New York Times bestselling author, is recognized as one of today’s most insightful and original voices on modern relationships. Fluent in nine languages, she helms a therapy practice in New York City and serves as an organizational consultant for Fortune 500 companies around the world. Her celebrated TED Talks have garnered more than 30 million views and her bestselling books, Mating in Captivity and The State of Affairs, are global phenomena translated into nearly 30 languages. Angelika Alana is the founder and CEO of the Somatic Healing Institute. She has been featured in Vanity Fair, Well+Good, and Modern Luxury. She certifies coaches and facilitators in her transformational body-based healing method. She has traveled and studied extensively in Indonesia, Brazil, Australia, and the UK, and is a massive foodie with her husband Patrick Drake, cofounder of Hello Fresh. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and Athletic Greens. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. For a limited time, new subscribers to ButcherBox will receive two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. To receive this offer, go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Robert Waldinger Esther Perel Angelika Alana

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. It’s no secret that being overweight or obese can increase your risk for numerous health problems, including stroke, some cancers, heart disease, and depression. What many people don’t realize, however, is that we can suffer all these problems even if we’re normal weight or underweight. Scientists have even coined a phrase for this phenomenon: “thin on the outside, fat on the inside,” or TOFI. Instead of being “overweight,” these people are “under-lean” (i.e., they don’t have enough muscle) and have a little extra weight around the middle, or “belly fat.” TOFIs have the metabolic features of a prediabetic obese person: Low muscle mass, inflammation, high triglycerides, low good cholesterol, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I am talking about “skinny fat,” why it can be worse than obesity, and how to address it. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Ninety-three percent of people are metabolically unhealthy (3:03 / 00:56) Risks associated with being TOFI (4:40 / 2:25) Body composition testing (7:06 / 4:55) The first steps to take if you fall into the category of TOFI (8:16 / 6:05) The benefits of strength training (9:25 / 7:11) Addressing food sensitivities (10:40 / 8:28) Stress management techniques (11:00 / 8:47) Additional strategies to address TOFI (11:11 / 9:00) Mentioned in this episode TB12 App 22 Free Workouts You Can Do at Home Right Now

This episode is brought to you by Cozy Earth, InsideTracker, BiOptimizers, and BON CHARGE. We live in a world that claims to be based on science, goodwill, and policies intended to help people. But in reality, these things are often heavily influenced and manipulated by industry, particularly Big Food, Big Pharma, and Big Ag, which have corrupted many institutions, politicians, professional associations, research institutions, and medical schools. And it has, unfortunately, led to mass confusion and illness in the public. Today on The Doctor’s Farmacy, I sit down with Calley Means to talk about how Big Food and Big Pharma are rigging the system and profiting off of our ill health. Calley is the co-founder of TrueMed, a company that enables Americans to buy exercise and healthy food with FSA/HSA dollars. He is also the co-author (with his sister, Dr. Casey Means) of an upcoming book on food-as-medicine. Earlier in his career, he was a consultant for food and pharma companies and is now exposing practices they use to weaponize our institutions of trust. He is a graduate of Stanford and Harvard Business School. This episode is brought to you by Cozy Earth, InsideTracker, BiOptimizers, and BON CHARGE. Cozy Earth makes the most comfortable, temperature-regulating, and nontoxic sheets on the market. Right now, get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets. Just head over to cozyearth.com and use code MARK40. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Magnesium Breakthrough really stands out from the other magnesium supplements out there. BiOptimizers is offering my community 10% off plus special gift with purchase, so just head over to magbreakthrough.com/hyman with code hyman10. BON CHARGE is a holistic wellness brand with a HUGE range of evidence-based products to optimize your life. Right now, my community can go to boncharge.com/HYMAN and use coupon code HYMAN to save 20%. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): How big industry drives corruption (6:08 / 4:35) Calley’s early career experience and how he came to understand the system is rigged (9:06 / 7:24) How Big Food rigs systems of trust (14:02 / 10:50) The weaponization of nutrition research (17:11 / 14:07) Outside funding of medical associations (25:51 / 20:10) Our healthcare system incentivizes sickness (34:34 / 30:00) The recent news about Ozempic, which is being touted as a miracle obesity drug, perfectly encapsulates the rigged system (38:57 / 33:22) Is obesity genetic? (49:55 / 43:50) How we can fix the system (57:58 / 52:55) Food as medicine (1:16:03 / 1:11) Follow Calley on Twitter @calleymeans and on Instagram @calleymeans.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, and Mitopure. There is no other activity you do every day that has more power to change your biology than what you eat. Food carries information molecules, instructions, and code that programs your biology with every bite for better or worse. Food is more than just calories; it is information that controls every aspect of your health. Unfortunately, the Standard American Diet (SAD) comprises over 60 percent ultra-processed food mostly from commodity crops—wheat, corn, and soy—turned into hundreds of thousands of food-like products that bear little resemblance to our evolutionary diet. In this episode, I explore how to use food as our greatest ally for achieving an optimal state of health and healing from states of disease. I discuss what to eat to support every system in the body, what foods you should avoid, why the quality of what you eat matters, and more. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, and Mitopure. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now, InsideTracker is offering my podcast community a super special deal of 31% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Mitopure is the first and only clinically tested pure form of a natural gut metabolite called urolithin A that clears damaged mitochondria away from our cells and supports the growth of new, healthy mitochondria. Get 10% off at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10 at checkout. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: The Pegan Diet: Use Food As Your Farmacy The #1 Thing You Can Do Every Day To Improve Your Health Eat These 5 Superfoods To Enhance Your Brain And Body

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and InsideTracker. We know exactly how to hack our biology in order to live our last years full of energy, vibrancy, independence, and life. Many wonder how I have managed to stay strong, healthy, and youthful at 63 when many of my peers are winding down. So, in today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I am talking all about my personal longevity program. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which is out now. Learn more and order the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Recap of my nine-week Health Bites series on longevity (4:12 / 1:28) Choose the best longevity practices for yourself (7:07 / 4:27) What does Dr. Hyman eat? (7:45 / 4:58) My personal exercise routine (8:33 / 5:46) How I manage my sleep and stress (9:23 / 6:35) How I incorporate good stress: hormesis (10:45 / 7:58) My personal supplement protocol (12:41 / 9:54) Advanced innovations and therapies I’ve tried and use (14:08 / 11:20) Lifestyle practices that support my longevity (15:03 / 12:18)

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, ButcherBox, Sunlighten, and Levels. Are you living your most authentic life? Are you leaning into your purpose or running away from it? Is this the story you want your future self to tell or do you ache for something more? Today on The Doctor’s Farmacy, I sit down with Lewis Howes to talk about how to unlock the power of the mind, eliminate self-sabotaging thoughts, and pursue a meaningful mission in life. Lewis Howes is a New York Times best-selling author, keynote speaker, and industry-leading show host. Lewis is a two-sport All-American athlete, former professional football player, and member of the U.S.A. Men’s National Handball Team. His show The School of Greatness is one of the top podcasts in the world, with over 500 million downloads. He was recognized by the White House and President Obama as one of the top 100 entrepreneurs in the country under 30. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, ButcherBox, Sunlighten, and Levels. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. Check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. When you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you 2 pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. Go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. Right now, you can save up to $600 on your Sunlighten purchase at Sunlighten.com/mark-hyman. Mention my name, Dr. Hyman, to save. Levels provides real-time feedback on how diet and lifestyle choices impact your metabolic health. Learn more about Levels at levels.link/HYMAN. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): How Lewis mastered his own mindset (4:50 / 2:25) What is greatness? (8:02 / 5:25) Self-doubt and the three main fears that cause it (10:15 / 7:40) Lewis’s breakthrough moments and the tools that helped him get there (13:42 / 11:10) Why we need a clear mission for every season of our life (20:56 / 18:20) A powerless mindset vs a greatness mindset (26:58 / 22:20) Emotional tools and support to develop a greatness mindset (32:52 / 28:20) How to reshape our mind and our beliefs (37:34 / 32:44) Unlocking abundance through gratitude (46:53 / 42:16) Overcoming people-pleasing (59:07 / 54:40) Get a copy of Lewis’s new book, The Greatness Mindset. Follow Lewis on Instagram and subscribe to his podcasts, The School of Greatness and The Daily Motivation Show.

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our latest Dr. Hyman+ Functional Medicine Deep Dive on constipation with Dr. Mary Pardee. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, InsideTracker, Athletic Greens, and Nordic Naturals. A healthy liver helps your body clean your blood, combat toxic junk and chemicals in your environment, and much more. It is instrumental in keeping you from getting sick and helping you maintain plenty of energy. Unfortunately, however, 90 million Americans—and a growing number of individuals worldwide—have what is called “fatty liver disease,” which literally means your liver fills with fat. In today’s episode, I answer a question from a listener about how to take care of your liver. I also speak with Dr. Robert Lustig and Dr. Elizabeth Boham about why fatty liver is so prevalent, how to test for it, and how to reverse it. Dr. Robert Lustig is a neuroendocrinologist with expertise in metabolism, obesity, and nutrition. He’s the Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Endocrinology and a member of the Institute for Health Policy Studies at UCSF. He is also one of the leaders of the current “anti-sugar” movement that is changing the food industry, in part through his game-changing books. His latest work is Metabolical: The Lure and the Lies of Processed Food, Nutrition, and Modern Medicine. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, InsideTracker, Athletic Greens, and Nordic Naturals. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Nordic Naturals omegas are pure concentrated omega-3 fish oil made from 100% wild-caught fish. Shop today at nordic.com and save 20% using code FARMACY. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. Mark Hyman Dr. Robert Lustig Dr. Elizabeth Boham

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. You can dramatically increase your healthspan through diet, exercise, and lifestyle, and that’s enough to feel younger for longer! But if you’re interested in taking your longevity protocol to the next level, there are many advanced longevity innovations coming online and giving insight into the future of longevity. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I dive into exciting new advances to optimize health and increase longevity. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which is out now. Learn more and order the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Stem cell therapy (4:50 / 2:45) Exosome therapy (8:05 / 5:50) My own experience using exosomes (9:07 / 6:52) Peptide therapy (11:39 / 9:23) My personal use of peptides (13:34 / 10:07) Regenerative medicine: what it is and my own experience using it (14:03 / 11:48) Mentioned in this episode BioReset Medical

This episode is brought to you by Cozy Earth, InsideTracker, Pendulum, and Pique. When it comes to diet, there's so much changing and conflicting information flying around that it can feel impossible to know where to look for sound advice. Decades of nutritional misguidance, lobbying, and corrupt food policies have only left us more confused when we head to the grocery store. Today on The Doctor’s Farmacy, I talk to Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian about Food Compass, a new food rating system aimed to help determine the general healthfulness of different foods and cut through the confusion when it comes to our food choices. Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian is a cardiologist, Special Advisor to the Provost, Dean for Policy, and Jean Mayer Professor at the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; and Professor of Medicine at Tufts School of Medicine. His work aims to create the science and translation for a food system that is nutritious, equitable, and sustainable. Dr. Mozaffarian has authored more than 500 scientific publications on dietary priorities for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, and on evidence-based policy approaches and innovations to reduce diet-related diseases in the US and globally. He has served in numerous advisory roles, and his work has been featured in a wide array of media outlets. Thomson Reuters has named him as one of the World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds. This episode is brought to you by Cozy Earth, InsideTracker, Pendulum, and Pique. Right now, get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets. Just head over to cozyearth.com and use code MARK40. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Pendulum is offering my listeners 20% off their first month of an Akkermansia subscription with code HYMAN. Just head over to Pendulumlife.com to check it out. Right now you can take advantage of Pique’s limited-time special offer on your first month's supply of their Sun Goddess Matcha. Just head over to piquelife.com/farmacy for 15% off plus free shipping on your first month’s supply. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Challenges and limitations of nutrition research (5:36 / 3:40) Food rating systems (14:02 / 11:50) The Food Compass rating system (26:14 / 19:43) Development and scoring domains of the Food Compass (30:34 / 25:18) Comparing Food Compass to other scoring systems (39:44 / 34:27) Research on how following Food Compass would affect health (41:57 / 36:49) Distinguishing a processed vs ultra-processed food (50:25 / 43:26) Limitations of and areas of controversy with Food Compass (1:00:46 / 55:46) How Food Compass scores cholesterol (1:07:11 / 1:01:54) Mentioned in this episode 2022 Task Force on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health Report

Hey podcast community, Dr. Mark here. My team and I are so excited to offer you a 7 Day Free trial of the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast. For 7 days, you get access to all this and more entirely for free! It's so easy to sign up. Just go click the Try Free button on the Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast page in Apple Podcast. In this teaser episode, you’ll hear a preview of our monthly Ask Mark Anything episode. Want to hear the full episode? Subscribe now. With your 7 day free trial to Apple Podcast, you’ll gain access to audio versions of: - Ad-Free Doctor’s Farmacy Podcast episodes - Exclusive monthly Functional Medicine Deep Dives - Monthly Ask Mark Anything Episodes - Bonus audio content exclusive to Dr. Hyman+ Trying to decide if the Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast is right for you? Email my team at [email protected] with any questions you have. Please note, Dr. Hyman+ subscription for Apple Podcast does not include access to the Dr. Hyman+ site and only includes Dr. Hyman+ in audio content.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Thrive Market, and Nordic Naturals. Our first actions of the day can have profound health benefits. Practices such as getting natural daylight first thing in the morning, eating a breakfast that does not spike blood sugar, and developing a morning routine can give us balanced energy and make us more stress resilient all day. In today’s episode, I talk with Drs. Andrew Huberman, Elizabeth Boham, Casey Means, and Rangan Chatterjee about simple ways to start your day for better health. Dr. Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist and tenured professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He has made numerous important contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity, which is the ability of our nervous system to rewire and learn new behaviors, skills, and cognitive functioning. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. Dr. Casey Means is a Stanford-trained physician, the Chief Medical Officer and cofounder of metabolic health company Levels, an associate editor of the International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention, and a guest lecturer at Stanford University. Dr. Rangan Chatterjee is regarded as one of the most influential doctors in the UK. Host of the number one Apple podcast Feel Better, Live More and presenter of BBC 1’s Doctor in the House, Dr. Chatterjee is the author of five Sunday Times bestselling books, and his TED Talk, “How to Make Diseases Disappear,” has now been viewed over 4.8 million times. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, InsideTracker, Thrive Market, and Nordic Naturals. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Join Thrive Market today at thrivemarket.com/hyman to receive $80 off your first order. Shop Nordic Naturals today at nordic.com and save 20% using code FARMACY. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Andrew Huberman Dr. Elizabeth Boham Dr. Casey Means Dr. Rangan Chatterjee

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and InsideTracker. Obesity rates have climbed by over 400 percent in the last 60 years. More than half of US adults are overweight or obese, and one in five children has been clinically diagnosed with obesity. What the heck is going on to cause this rapid decline in health that’s also impacting our children at such an alarming rate? Today on the podcast, I sit down with my friend and business partner Dhru Purohit for part two of our conversation. We discuss the need for a radical shift in food policy at the federal level, why fixing the food system is a bipartisan issue, and the need for transparency to stop corruption in industry-funded nutrition research and academia in favor of Big Food’s agenda. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Corruption in the food system (3:58 / 00:28) How industry-funded nutrition research yields biased outcomes (9:39 / 6:30) Tufts University’s Food Compass: what it is and why it went viral (17:35 / 14:27) Potential solutions for fixing corruption in the food industry (29:16 / 24:37 Challenges to doing long-term nutritional studies (36:14 / 30:17) My recommendations for eating seed oils (39:58 / 33:10) How the food system has corrupted our taste buds and our biology (45:01 / 44:41) Why the number one risk factor for obesity is not genetics (52:25 / 49:04) Is eating healthy elitist? (1:07:57 / 1:03:40) Overcoming societal division for our well-being (1:16:54 / 1:12:37) Mentioned in This Episode Tamar Haspel’s viral Tweet My new book, Young Forever

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, Joovv, and BiOptimizers. We can’t avoid getting older, but we can reduce biological aging—the internal process that creates all the symptoms of the disease we’ve come to call aging. That means we can be one age chronologically, and another internally. I’m happy to use myself as an example of what we can do to our biology when we take out negative inputs and embrace positive ones: I’m 63 years old but my biological age is 43. We are living in a pivotal time for reframing the intersection of age and health. My passion for this topic combined with the incredible tools I’ve discovered led me to write my new book, Young Forever, so that I could share this life-changing information with others. Today on the podcast, I’m so excited to sit down with my friend and business partner Dhru Purohit to talk about some of the key highlights from my research on longevity. Dhru and I dive into the best way to determine your biological age so that you can begin your own journey of aging backward with measurable data. Functional Medicine provides us with the perfect framework to prevent and heal dis-ease, with the exciting side effect of reduced aging. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, Joovv, and BiOptimizers. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35+ labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now, when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. For a limited time, you can get an exclusive discount on Joovv’s Generation 3.0 devices (some exclusions apply). Just go to Joovv.com/farmacy and use the code FARMACY. BiOptimizers is offering my community 10% off plus special gift with purchase, so just head over to magbreakthrough.com/hyman with code hyman10. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): How to determine your biological age (3:51 / 00:42) Reframing our view of aging (9:44 / 6:32) The Functional Medicine approach to aging (12:01 / 8:59) Three things that accelerate aging (15:28 / 12:12) The ten hallmarks of aging (26:02 / 19:13) My unique approach to aging and longevity (29:39 / 24:31) My view on taking metformin to promote longevity (32:41 / 27:21) My Pegan food pyramid (37:58 / 33:48) Prioritizing exercise, sleep, and good stressors (53:56 / 48:40) Aging well late into life (1:02:42 / 57:10) Mentioned in this episode Pegan Food Pyramid Get a copy of my new book, Young Forever: The Secrets to Living Your Longest, Healthiest Life, here.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and InsideTracker. I focus a lot on the importance of diet and exercise when it comes to health and longevity, but daily habits like good sleep hygiene, healthy stress management, living out of a sense of purpose, prioritizing self-care, and community involvement are just as important. This is because your health and longevity are determined by your individual exposome washing over your genes. In other words, your genes are not your destiny. They load the gun, but your environment pulls the trigger. And this is good news! In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I dive into the importance of sleep, stress management, self-care, community, purpose, and spirit and how to prioritize these things in your life. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which comes out on February 21, 2023. Learn more and preorder the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, ButcherBox, and InsideTracker. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. For a limited time, new subscribers to ButcherBox will receive ground beef FOR LIFE. When you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. To receive this offer, go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Why sleep is critical to health and longevity (4:35 / 2:28) Tips to improve your sleep (7:15 / 4:25) How self-care enhances health and longevity (11:31 / 7:05) What research shows us about the benefits of mindset and self-care (13:19 / 8:40) How to nourish your spirit (14:08 / 9:48) Mentioned in this episode Dr. Hyman’s Free Sleep Master Class

This episode is brought to you by Athletic Greens and BiOptimizers. It’s no surprise that physical movement is one of the best habits you can possibly adopt to live a longer, better life. Exercise (the right dose, type, and frequency) optimizes all biological systems. In fact, combined with the right diet, exercise is the most powerful tool for staying healthy and extending your life. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I dive into exactly how exercise benefits the body, how much is needed, how to incorporate more movement into your life, and much more. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which comes out on February 21, 2023. Learn more and preorder the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Athletic Greens and BiOptimizers. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 20 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Magnesium Breakthrough really stands out from the other magnesium supplements out there. BiOptimizers is offering my community 10% off plus special gift with purchase, so just head over to magbreakthrough.com/hyman with code hyman10. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Physical and psychological benefits of exercise (4:06 / 2:28) Biological systems improved by exercise (5:48 / 3:34) How much exercise is needed to enhance longevity? (7:15 / 4:00) How exercise influences longevity (8:04 / 5:28) What the research says about exercise (10:18 / 6:58) Ways to incorporate more movement into your life (beyond going to the gym) (13:09 / 9:48)

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, BON CHARGE, and Mitopure. If you’ve ever wondered if plant-based meat alternatives are nutritionally equal to real, pasture-raised meats, or if they are truly better for issues like inflammation and cardiovascular health, this is the episode for you. Meat has become such a monolithic topic when, in fact, it’s extremely complex and nuanced. We can’t just say all meat is good or no meat is good, it’s a matter of what types and sources of proteins you’re eating and what the rest of your diet looks like, too. I’m excited to dive into all those complexities today with Dr. Stephan van Vliet, who is a nutrition scientist with metabolomics expertise in the Center for Human Nutrition Studies at Utah State University. Dr. van Vliet’s research is performed at the nexus of agricultural and human health. He routinely collaborates with farmers, ecologists, and agricultural scientists to study critical linkages between agricultural production methods, the nutrient density of food, and human health. His work has been published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Scientific Reports, the Journal of Nutrition, and the Journal of Physiology. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Cozy Earth, BON CHARGE, and Mitopure. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now, get 40% off your Cozy Earth sheets. Just head over to cozyearth.com and use code MARK40. My community can go to boncharge.com/HYMAN and use coupon code HYMAN to save 20% at BON CHARGE. Mitopure is the first and only clinically tested pure form of a natural gut metabolite called urolithin A that clears damaged mitochondria away from our cells and supports the growth of new, healthy mitochondria. Get 10% off at timelinenutrition.com/drhyman and use code DRHYMAN10 at checkout. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Plant-based meat vs grass-fed meat (7:06 / 3:55) How the diet of livestock affects the flavor and phytochemical composition of their meat and milk (22:14 / 16:23) Why the overall composition of your diet matters (29:13 / 23:57) Research looking at grass-fed vs grain-fed bison (33:23 / 27:34) How humans can get unique plant compounds through animal consumption (42:07 / 36:22) Why not all feed-lot feed is equal (44:53 / 38:55) Why cardiac risk from meat consumption may vary depending on the type of meat (48:14 / 42:26) The metabolic health of pasture-raised bison vs feed-lot bison (49:09 / 43:12) Assessing the health of lab-grown meat (57:38 / 53:20) Honoring the wisdom of farmers and indigenous people (1:06:21 / 1:00:30) Please visit the Show Notes section for this episode at drhyman.com.

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. It can be easy to fall into a food rut, eating the same things week in and week out. Consuming a variety of foods not only adds more excitement to your meals, but it’s also essential for expanding the nutritional diversity of your diet. There are thousands of phytochemicals, also called phytonutrients, found in whole foods like vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains, spices, and tea, among many other things. These natural compounds create a variety of colors in our plant foods and signal various benefits. In today’s episode, I talk with Dr. William Li, Dr. Jeffrey Bland, and Dhru Purohit about why having diversity in your diet and eating a range of colorful produce is the ideal way to promote optimal health. Dr. Li is a world-renowned physician, scientist, speaker, and author of Eat to Beat Disease—The New Science of How Your Body Can Heal Itself. He is best known for leading the Angiogenesis Foundation. His groundbreaking work has impacted more than 70 diseases, including cancer, diabetes, blindness, heart disease, and obesity. Dr. Jeff Bland is the founder of Big Bold Health, a company on a mission to transform the way people think about one of nature’s greatest innovations—the immune system. A nutritional biochemist by training, Jeff began in academia as a university professor. Jeff then spent three decades working alongside other pioneers in the natural products industry. In 1991, he and his wife, Susan, founded the Institute for Functional Medicine. In 2012, Jeff founded another educational nonprofit called the Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute. Dhru Purohit is a podcast host, serial entrepreneur, and investor in the health and wellness industry. His podcast, The Dhru Purohit Podcast, is a top 50 global health podcast with over 30 million unique downloads. His interviews focus on the inner workings of the brain and the body and feature the brightest minds in wellness, medicine, and mindset. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now, when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Dr. William Li Dr. Jeffrey Bland Dhru Purohit

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Hormetic stressors are good stressors. These are actions that, in the right dose, have the power to lower inflammation, boost tissue repair and metabolism, and support our mitochondria. It’s like the saying goes: what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. Things like exercise and strength training, hot and cold therapies, light therapy, ozone, and others are all mild stressors that jump-start your body into repair and rejuvenation. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I dive into how adversity and little stresses to your system (i.e., hormesis) activate longevity pathways. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which comes out on February 21, 2023. Learn more and preorder the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 35 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): What is hormesis? (5:14 / 1:45) Healing systems that get activated by hormetic stressors (5:49 / 2:16) The benefits of calorie restriction (7:07 / 3:42) The benefits of heat therapy (9:37 / 6:08) The benefits of cold therapy (10:53 / 7:24) The benefits of exercise (12:18 / 8:48) Additional types of hormesis (14:30 / 9:53)

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, ButcherBox, InsideTracker, BiOptimizers. I bet most of us can relate to having negative thoughts on repeat, whether we’ve actually stopped to think about it or not. Our minds have been conditioned and can get stuck on auto-pilot, making us feel helpless, unhappy, and lost. But just like every other aspect of well-being, we need to exercise our mental patterns to show them positive patterns and avenues for growth and change. My guest on today’s episode of The Doctor’s Farmacy, Yung Pueblo, is a grounded and inspiring guide for how to spend more time with your thoughts and create new patterns. Diego Perez is a meditator and New York Times bestselling author who is widely known on Instagram and various social media networks through his pen name Yung Pueblo. Online he has an audience of nearly 3 million people. His writing focuses on the power of self-healing, creating healthy relationships, and the wisdom that comes when we truly work on knowing ourselves. His books include Inward, Clarity & Connection, and his most recent, Lighter, which was an instant New York Times bestseller. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, ButcherBox, InsideTracker, BiOptimizers. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 20 labs. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. When you sign up today, ButcherBox will send you two pounds of 100% grass-fed, grass-finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription plus $20 off. To receive this offer, go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. Right now InsideTracker is offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. BiOptimizers is offering my community 10% off Magnesium Breakthrough plus a special gift with purchase, so just head over to magbreakthrough.com/hyman with code hyman10. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): The story and inspiration behind Yung Pueblo’s new book, Lighter (6:41 / 2:50) Yung Pueblo’s rock-bottom moment (9:20 / 6:30) The practice that put Yung Pueblo on the path to healing and wisdom (12:52 / 9:52) Why we suffer (16:36 / 14:08) How our perception shapes our reality (24:15 / 21:47) The importance of radical honesty and being honest with yourself (32:16 / 26:33) Developing self-love, acceptance, and worth (38:23 / 32:55) Navigating relationships and conflict (40:34 / 35:24) Building healthy habits and Yung Pueblo’s daily practice (50:53 / 45:02) Allowing yourself to recognize your progress (1:09:12 / 1:03:24) Get a copy of Lighter: Let Go of the Past, Connect with the Present, and Expand the Future here.

This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. A shocking 99 percent of Americans are nutrient deficient, including over 90 percent who are deficient in omega-3 fats and 50 percent who are deficient in magnesium. Add to that chronic stress and a heavily processed diet with foods lacking nutrition, and it’s a recipe for nutrient-deficiency disaster. In today’s episode, I talk with Chris Kresser, Dhru Purohit, and Dr. Elizabeth Boham about why so many of us are nutrient deficient and what to do about it. Chris Kresser MS, L.Ac, is the codirector of the California Center for Functional Medicine, founder of Kresser Institute, creator of ChrisKresser.com, and the New York Times bestselling author of The Paleo Cure and Unconventional Medicine. He is one of the most respected clinicians and educators in the fields of Functional Medicine and ancestral health and has trained over 1,500 clinicians and health coaches in his unique approach. Dhru Purohit is a podcast host, serial entrepreneur, and investor in the health and wellness industry. His podcast, The Dhru Purohit Podcast, is a top 50 global health podcast with over 30 million unique downloads. His interviews focus on the inner workings of the brain and the body and feature the brightest minds in wellness, medicine, and mindset. Dr. Elizabeth Boham is a physician and nutritionist who practices Functional Medicine at The UltraWellness Center in Lenox, MA. Through her practice and lecturing she has helped thousands of people achieve their goals of optimum health and wellness. She witnesses the power of nutrition every day in her practice and is committed to training other physicians to utilize nutrition in healing. This episode is brought to you by Paleovalley, Athletic Greens, and InsideTracker. Paleovalley is offering my listeners 15% off their entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. InsideTracker is a personalized health and wellness platform like no other. Right now they’re offering my community 20% off at insidetracker.com/drhyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here: Chris Kresser Dhru Purohit Dr. Elizabeth Boham

This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. To understand and combat rapid aging, we need to understand what causes aging, chronic diseases, and decline. We call these things the hallmarks of aging—the underlying common pathways or mechanisms of aging. Each hallmark is influenced by the others and affected by various imbalances—too much or too little of certain inputs that can negatively impact the expression and progression of the hallmark. Understanding those interactions and weblike connections is the key to solving the puzzle of aging. In today’s episode of my series I’m calling Health Bites, I dive into the 10 distinct hallmarks of aging and how to address them. What I’ve discovered has blown my mind and changed the way I approach my own health and the health of my patients. I’ve compiled it all into a new book called Young Forever, which comes out on February 21, 2023. Learn more and preorder the book at youngforeverbook.com. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 20 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. AG1 contains 75 high-quality vitamins, minerals, whole-food sourced superfoods, probiotics, and adaptogens to support your entire body. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Here are more details from our interview (audio version / Apple Subscriber version): Disrupted hormonal and nutrient signaling (8:08 / 4:40) DNA damage and mutations (17:38 / 14:12) Telomere shortening (19:19 / 15:52) Damaged proteins (20:32 / 17:04) Epigenetic damage (22:56 / 19:29) Senescent cells (otherwise known as zombie cells) (25:11 / 21:43) Depleted energy and mitochondrial decline (26:44 / 23:17) The link between gut health and longevity (28:33 / 25:07) Stem cell exhaustion (30:38 / 27:14) Inflammaging and dysfunction in immune functioning (32:00 / 28:32)