PsycHacks

When I was younger, I used to believe that my mind was a laboratory sealed off from the rest of the world. As long as I didn't speak or act on my thoughts, I believed that I was at liberty to think whatever I wanted within the privacy of my own mind. However, I've come to understand that thoughts aren't nearly as private as I believed. In this episode, I'll discuss two ways our thoughts tend to betray ourselves to others inadvertently. To improve your communication and relationships, it's important to learn to control your mind.

Many of you are probably aware that in several Romance languages the verb "esperar" means both "to hope" and "to wait" -- which always seemed a bit odd to me. However, the more I thought about it, the more I realized that the two concepts have more in common than first appears. In this episode, I'll discuss how all real hoping involves waiting, but not all waiting involves real hoping. If you're not waiting in the right place, then any hope you may feel is unjustified -- irrespective of what you might be telling yourself. Make sure you're standing in the right line.

Right now, I'm playing through the surprising excellent "Guardians of the Galaxy" video game for the PlayStation 5. Among all of the first rate performances, I've been particularly charmed by Jason Cavalier's portrayal of Drax the Destroyer. In this pop psychology episode of PsycHacks, I'm going to offer a brief character analysis of Drax, focusing on two of his more admirable traits: his relationship to challenge and his attitude toward death. Check the game out for yourself and let me know what you think.

I experience anger as a voice in my head that tells me things. And those things that it tells me are lies. Anger is a deceiver. It offers the feeling of power in exchange for my self-control -- which actually renders me powerless in the face of my provoker. Anger is a useful servant, but a terrible master. The trick is to learn to yoke the power of anger to constructive, intentional action. Do this and even great achievements are possible.

The title of this episode is the last line in a poem by Percy Shelley, called "Ode to the West Wind." The question is obviously rhetorical, as Spring has followed Winter as an inevitability since the dawn of time. I like to keep this line in mind when I'm moving through challenging times. The darker it gets, the closer I approach the return of the light. There is no need for fear or panic: when Winter comes, Spring is never far behind.

What is love? I've developed my own unique answer to this question. I call it my parts of speech model of love, and I'd like share it with you today. Basically, with greater awareness and understanding, the nature of love evolves: from noun to verb to adverb. In this episode, I'll briefly discuss each stage, emphasizing the characteristics of its highest form: adverbial love. Happy Valentine's Day!

One of my all-time favorite writers is Haruki Murakami, and my personal favorite among his many excellent works is the imaginative and underrated "Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World." In this book is a fantastic line, which just so happens to be the title of this episode: a good craftsman has one scar. Why might this be the case? In this episode, I'll break down the surprising wisdom contained within such a simple phrase.

It's hard to keep your cool when things don't go your way. As someone who used to get angry a lot, I've had to work hard to overcome my tendency to lose my temper. In this episode, I'll discuss one strategy that has helped me to stay frosty in provocative situations. I call it the price of peace. By quantifying the amount of money you would need to receive in order to abide in anger against your will, you can set an anger threshold for the various losses, frustrations, and disappointments that are subject to happening in life.

There's a Jewish parable that I love. A family goes to temple to make offerings to God by placing objects of value on the altar. However, the youngest child is distraught because he has nothing -- and so has nothing to give. So he decides to recite the alphabet, as it's all that he knows. According to the parable, this was the offering that was prized most highly by God. In this episode, I'll discuss why.

I like this phrase: "wanting is free." And I'm going to explain why in this episode. When others want things from you, it's important to remember that "wanting is free." That is, it cost them absolutely nothing to want those things. So there's no harm or loss that results from turning them down. And when you yourself want something, it's important to remember the same thing. That is, wanting is free...but getting is expensive. If you want to start getting what you want, then you have to be willing to spend resources, broadly defined.

Speech is magic. By uttering the appropriate sequence of sounds you can literally conjure things into existence within others' consciousness. In light of this, you can refine your capacity to speak what you want into being. In this episode, I'll discuss two tricks to doing this effectively. The first is to use your words to trap yourself successfully, and the second is to refrain from speaking what you don't want to occur. These are simple spells, but quite unbreakable.

Over the course of my clinical experience, I've helped many people -- including those who were actively in the process of dying -- with their death anxiety. Among other things, I've discovered that death anxiety tends to be more prevalent among younger people than older people. In this episode, I'll discuss why that might be the case and propose a method for coping with this type of anxiety by drawing on the wisdom of Greek mythology.

The beginning of a new year is a time for people to set goals for the next twelve months. Unfortunately, many good-intentioned resolutions fail, often due to a lack of discipline. In this episode, I will discuss an easy and surefire way to ensure your own compliance with any new habit you're attempting to cultivate. The catch? No one likes doing it. However, it's precisely this aversion that functionally guarantees success. I'm almost certain it will work for you.

The baseball great Pete Rose has been permanently banned from the sport for betting on the outcome of his team's games while he was a manager. However, his defense is -- and has always been -- that he only bet on his team to win. Therefore, his incentives as an individual gambler and team manager were aligned. Controversy aside, I love the idea of betting on yourself. Not only does it exhibit the confidence that -- all things being equal -- you believe that you can win, but it also increases focus and motivation by getting "skin in the game."

Over the past two years, there have been wide-spread, systematic attempts to restrict, suppress, and censor misinformation and lies. Unfortunately, this approach is problematic, because the suppression of dialogue that reveals truth is actually much more dangerous than the dissemination of lies. While circulating lies can certainly cause harm, it's not really possible for them to gain a foothold in the collective consciousness if the truth is also circulating. And the best way to facilitate the emergence of truth is by preserving the free exchange of information and ideas.

In a scarcity mentality, we lose what we cling to in fear because we believe it to be preferable to the nothingness we assume would take its place. Developing an abundance mentality necessitates that we cultivate greater trust in the universe to provide opportunities to fulfill our needs and desires. In this episode, I discuss an example of scarcity mentality in my own history and how I learned to have faith in abundance.

The town liar lies. That what the town liar does. If you go to the town liar to hear the truth, it's your own fault if your feelings get hurt over being lied to. Much of the frustration and disappointment we're subject to experiencing with respect to the behavior of others boils down to our refusal to accept certain aspects of reality. In this episode, I'll discuss tactics for dismantling the cognitive distortions that can sometimes prevent us from seeing clearly.

One of my personal pet peeves is indirect communication. This is because, as a communication strategy, it often seeks to protect the indirect communicator at the expense of the other party. After all, if you never actually ask for something, you can never be rejected, can you? In this episode, I'll discuss a simple, practical tactic you can use to retrain your indirectly communicating partner: the honest clarifying question.

The general conceptualization of heaven is that it is a place of unremitting pleasure and comfort. However, it doesn't take much effort to understand that such an arrangement would likely prove unsatisfactory in the long run. In this episode, I discuss a personal conceptualization of heaven: as a series of challenges which we are pre-destined to overcome, but which present the plausible possibility of failure. We can't not win, but we must be made to believe we can lose for our own good.

Occasionally, I'm confronted with the reality of needing to have a conversation with someone that I don't particularly want to have. And this can contribute to feelings of anxiety and dread. A tactic that I've developed to get through these situations is to simply "say my line." I pretend that I'm an actor who simply needs to say his line on cue in order for the plot to progress forward. I don't need to be charming or witty or attractive. I just need to move my mouth in order to do my part.

All other things being equal, the older you get, the harder it becomes to make new friends. So how do you go about forming new friendships as an adult? I'll examine this question through the lens of "Persona 5," and excellent JRPG. In turns out this game has a fairly accurate blueprint on how to progress from casual acquaintance to intimate confidant. The keys are time, shared interests, and reciprocal self-disclosure.

Control isn't the basis of a loving, long-term relationship, because control is ultimately disrespectful and unsustainable. The key to a respectful and enduring relationship is to hold the other like sand: not too loose, but definitely not too tight. Like sand, the tighter you attempt to hold others, the more they will slip through your fingers. Gentle support keeps more sand in your hands for longer periods of time.

It's often the case that the solution to some of our most long-standing and intractable problems is incredibly simple. However, we are subject to creating unnecessary complexity as a defense mechanism in order to embed the problem in our lives. Much of my work as a therapist is the gradual and systematic dismantling of such unnecessary complexity to arrive at greater simplicity. This reveals two truths about simplicity: it isn't easy and it's a sign of mastery.

One of the paradoxes of the human experience is that we are all both very, very big and very, very small at the same time. Humility is knowing one's proper size. This means that it is not simply an attitude to be cultivated in those who are more self-important than they really are. Humility must also be nurtured in those who -- in believing they are smaller than they really are -- withdraw from life and self-realization. Humility means understanding that you are not incapable of realizing your potential.

In a previous episode, "Be a ruthless gardener," I spoke on the importance of pulling up the negative thoughts that can proliferate in your consciousness like weeds without pity or remorse. However, if you do not attend to the soil -- the conditions from which the thoughts emerge -- you will likely be doing a lot of gardening in your life. By attending to your well-being and surrounding yourself with supportive relationships, you might not have to do as much work in the long run.

The most popular belief concerning the origin of mental illness is that it is caused by imbalances in individual brain chemistry. However, there is actually little empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. A theory with more robust support is the stress-diathesis model, which basically states that psychological issues emerge when sufficient stressors converge on an individual to diminish their natural resilience. I will discuss further in this episode.

If someone in your life has become unjustifiably critical, disrespectful, or unappreciative, it might be time -- at least for a little while -- to give them the gift of your absence. The key to doing this is to leave the relationship before you feel no longer capable of giving your best. When you do this, people might actually miss you and remember why they were in a relationship with you to begin with. However, if you complain and attack before leaving, then others will only feel relief when you're gone.

The key to doing something you fear is cultivating a larger fear of not doing it. In this episode, I'll discuss this principle using an anecdote from my personal life about overcoming my approach anxiety. By remembering how badly I would feel after avoiding my goal, I was finally able to move forward in spite of my fear. This is a tactic that is widely generalizable.

In the course of my clinical practice, I often talk with folks who struggle with discipline. They know what they "should" do, but -- when the time comes to act -- they find it difficult to resist the pull of learned behavior. In this episode, I briefly discuss the key to discipline, which I call "channeling your inner postman." See your commitment as a duty imposed upon you with the full force of a contractual obligation and surrender to that structure. Feelings have nothing to do with it.

I speak to many stressed-out, burned-out folks in my clinical practice. And a common refrain from them all is that they're "too busy to rest." Supporting this statement is an underlying proposition that rest is a waste of time. However, this is a false and ineffective belief. Rather than view rest as "unproductive," I would like you to consider that it is an essential component of long-term success. I discuss more in this episode.

Nowadays, it's very common for people to seek after passion in their work. Its absence is considered problematic and troubling. However, the origin of this word reveals the absurdity of this search: "passion" means "suffering." Consequently, those who seek after passion are not only inadvertently chasing after pain, but they are subject to discarding "passion-less" opportunities for stability and prosperity, as well. I'll discuss further in this episode.

Most of us are in a process of becoming with respect to our professional development, as a career can take decades to construct. Therefore, it's extremely important that you examine whether you're on the right path to success before investing years of your life toward a given end-goal. And the easiest way for most people to do this is to ask: "do I want my boss's job?" Does the person occupying that position seem happy and fulfilled? If not, why do you believe you will be different?

As we move through life, it's almost inevitable that someone will become angry or upset with us in response to our behavior. However, hurt feels are not -- in and of themselves -- proof of transgression. If your own examination indicates that the behavior in question does not conflict with your moral or ethical beliefs, do not apologize. This can be taken as a confession of guilt and justify additional punishments from the aggrieved party.

The idiom "to take offense" reveals a fundamental truth on the matter, namely: offense is taken, not given. Those who have had the misfortune of having an enemy -- someone who is acting deliberately provocative -- know that they can control their reactions, so as not to give the provoker the satisfaction. This indicates that we have agency in the decision to become offended -- and also that we needn't necessarily assume responsibility when someone else has decided to become so.

People often say that relationships require compromise. However, in practice, this often amounts to the negotiated unhappiness of both parties. This is because the heart of compromise is always quid pro quo: I'll give up what I want now, and you'll give up your right to what you want later. An alternative to compromise is sacrifice, in which individuals choose to change in order to secure future benefit to themselves. Unlike compromise, there is no expectation that you will receive future consideration from your partner. It is inherently selfish -- but it preserves the freedom and dignity of the relationship.

People want what other people want. This is because the interest of others generally serves as a proxy validation of the variable under study. And to the extent that validation is delegated across a diverse and independent network, this is actually a pretty reliable heuristic. In this episode, I'll discuss an anecdote on the topic from my personal experience and explain its relevance in professional negotiations.

An approach-avoid conflict occurs when we want a relationship with a particular person at the same time that we are repelled by certain aversive or unwanted characteristics of that person. We don't want to give up what we want, but we also don't want to go after what we want. People can experience a great deal of emotional distress as a result of this ambivalence. In this episode, I'll discuss two tips for resolving these contradictory impulses: prioritizing what is over what could be, and making decisions "for now."

Many folks I talk to experience existential uncertainty. Not only are they unsure as to why they exist, but they often doubt that they should. In this episode, I extend the Disneyland metaphor used in a previous talk ("Life is like Disneyland") in order to argue that your existence is already justified by virtue of the very fact of that existence. It's very hard to sneak into Disneyland; it's even harder to sneak into being. So if you're in the park, you must have a ticket.

We're all subject to passing through moments of extreme difficulty, when nothing seems to be going our way. In those times, it's very important to maintain a humble vantage point and to temporarily lower your conditions for victory. Seek out small wins and resist the temptation to judge yourself for doing so. Small wins are like the stars: they don't provide a lot of light, but it would be really dark without them.

Humans need structure. This is because structure provides the opportunity for goal-directed behavior, which is one of the primary factors responsible for meaning and purpose. The issue is that externally-imposed structure is much easier for people to surrender to than is internally-imposed structure -- though the former is typically less fulfilling than the latter. In this episode, I'll discuss methods for improving your ability to create the structure that you can surrender to.

When we're faced with an important decision, it's a good idea to perform due diligence: to collect information relevant to the situation and to forecast probable outcomes. However, the results of this analysis alone are never sufficient to produce the actual decision. This is because decision is an act of the will, and more closely aligned with emotion than with reason. The highest to which the rational mind can attain is the calculation of odds ratios associated with certain outcomes given specific assumptions. Understanding the limits of rational thought will help improve your decision-making process.

Other people have what we want, but may not give it to us. In this way, other people are both an opportunity to be seized and a problem to be solved. So what is the most effective way of dealing with them? Karen Horney's "Three Trends" model provides us with an excellent lens through which to view potential paths forward. According to her theory, we can either move toward others, move against others, or move away from others. In this episode, I'll briefly discuss each of these interpersonal strategies.

Over a long enough time line, the vast majority of us will experience a lapse in discipline that will cause us to fail to live up to our standards for ourselves. While this is already sufficiently aversive, we typically make matters worse by denying ourselves the pleasure inherent in the lapse -- which is often the only consolation of the problematic behavior. So if you're going to cheat, indulge. At least allow yourself to enjoy the fleeting experience. And if you can't bring yourself to do so, perhaps you will be more motivated to stay disciplined.

High-stakes situations can be nerve-wracking. Among other things, this is due to the fact that the outcome is still uncertain. Under such circumstances, people are subject to tensing up and succumbing to fear -- both of which are generally ineffective mind states. To defend against this, cultivate the belief that you've already won and your opponent just hasn't realized it yet. This will allow you to act coolly and confidently -- which will increase your chances of success.

Though I speak with many successful and accomplished people, I often hear from them that they were happiest back when they were hungry and striving. This is a dirty little secret about people: they're generally more satisfied climbing a mountain than perched on its summit. This is the "gift of becoming" -- and it's the quickest route to increasing your happiness and satisfaction.

Trying to change the weather is an exhausting, expensive, and ultimately futile endeavor. Rather than attempting to alter circumstances at that scale to suit your ends, focus on becoming a more skillful sailor. A skillful sailor can use most prevailing conditions to achieve his goals by responding with flexibility and mastery. In this episode, I discuss tendencies to internalize and externalize in the context of this metaphor.

Many of the issues folks struggle with today have their origins in the distant past in their families of origin. At that time, children unconsciously adopted coping strategies and defense mechanisms in order to face their circumstances, most of which were outside of their control. Their suffering was generally not their fault. However, now that these same folks are grown up, it is their responsibility to address. Why? Because they are the only ones with the ability to respond to the wounding.

The aperture through which we view a problem is very important. If it's too large, we are subject to becoming overwhelmed, which frustrates constructive action. Rather than attempt to plan out all of the steps to a goal that can take months or years to achieve, focus on the making the next right move. What can you do today to move the ball further down the field? By limiting yourself to what is immediately available, you will be more likely to take action, which will accelerate progress toward your goal.

The critical inner voice is a phenomenon that most of us experience from time to time; however, it can be incessantly cruel in the case of depressives. The critical inner voice is generally understood to be an introject of a parent's perceived negative attitudes toward the child. With this in mind, the first step toward mitigating the effect of this voice is to make it ego-alien, to consider it as something that's in you, but not of you.