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Squirming in their seat, glancing around the room and never looking you in the eye. We think we know when someone is lying to us, but do we really? 在座位上蠕动，环视房间，却从不看你的眼睛。 我们认为我们知道有人在对我们撒谎，但我们真的知道吗？ A study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Review showed that people's ability to tell if someone is lying to them is little better than 50%. Interestingly, other research suggests that we are actually quite good at unconsciously spotting liars, but our conscious thoughts overrule this. Forensic Scientist R. Edward Geiselman points out that training in recognising liars doesn't always help, saying "quick, inadequate training sessions lead people to over-analyse and to do worse than if they go with their gut reactions". 发表在《人格与社会心理学评论》上的一项研究表明，人们判断某人是否对他们撒谎的能力仅略高于 50%。 有趣的是，其他研究表明，我们实际上很擅长无意识地识别说谎者，但我们的有意识思维却推翻了这一点。 法医科学家 R. Edward Geiselman 指出，识别说谎者的培训并不总是有帮助，他说，“快速、不充分的培训课程会导致人们过度分析，结果比跟随直觉反应更糟糕”。 One reason for this may be 'truth bias'. Experts have suggested that we are usually biased to believe that people are telling us the truth, at least in most contexts. Another reason that might make us bad at identifying liars is that there are a number of myths around body language and lying. Many of us believe that liars are unlikely to look us in the eye or will fidget in their seat. However, this isn't necessarily the case. Professor of psychology Kevin Colwell suggests that liars often work hard to disguise these behaviours. It may be that not looking away, or sitting more still than usual, are actually the giveaways that someone is not telling the truth. 造成这种情况的原因之一可能是“真相偏见”。 专家表示，我们通常会偏向于相信人们告诉我们的是事实，至少在大多数情况下是这样。 另一个可能让我们不擅长识别说谎者的原因是，关于肢体语言和谎言存在着许多误区。 我们中的许多人都认为，说谎者不太可能直视我们的眼睛，也不会在座位上坐立不安。 然而，情况并非一定如此。 心理学教授凯文·科尔韦尔表示，说谎者常常努力掩饰这些行为。 没有移开视线，或者比平时更安静地坐着，实际上可能表明某人没有说实话。 To see how someone's behaviour really changes as they lie, many experts recommend observing people talking about things known to be true. This allows us to establish a baseline of their normal behaviours while speaking. Any differences to this baseline behaviour could show that someone is lying. This is why it's much harder to lie to people who know us well. 为了了解某人在撒谎时行为有何变化，许多专家建议观察人们谈论已知的真实事情。 这使我们能够建立他们说话时正常行为的基线。 与此基线行为的任何差异都可能表明有人在撒谎。 这就是为什么对熟悉我们的人撒谎要困难得多。 As liars may be working hard to conceal their behaviours, some psychologists have suggested increasing the effort needed for this by asking them to tell their story backwards. When faced with this increased cognitive load, any behavioural tell-tale signs are magnified.由于说谎者可能会努力隐藏自己的行为，一些心理学家建议通过要求他们倒着讲述自己的故事来加大这方面的努力。 当面对这种增加的认知负荷时，任何行为迹象都会被放大。 It can be hard to spot liars. We are likely to trust people, and behaviours can be hidden, but if we know someone well, and if someone is working too hard to stick to their story, it's possible to see through people who are not telling the truth. 很难发现说谎者。 我们可能会信任别人，行为也可能会被隐藏，但如果我们很了解某人，并且如果某人非常努力地坚持自己的故事，就有可能识破那些没有说实话的人。词汇表squirm 扭来扭去glance 扫视look someone in the eye 直视某人的眼睛，与某人坦诚相视unconsciously 无意识地spot 看出，发现conscious 有意识的over-analyse 过度分析gut reaction 直觉，本能反应truth bias “取真偏好”，人们更倾向于相信他人所言为真的现象biased 偏向的，倾向于fidget 动来动去disguise 掩饰giveaway 让（某人）露马脚的事情behaviour 行为establish 确立，建立baseline 基准，基线conceal 隐藏，掩盖cognitive load 认知负荷behavioural 行为上的tell-tale sign 暴露隐藏行为的迹象，端倪stick to 坚持see through 看穿，识破

Historic covered bridges in the United States are under threat by the use of the modern technology GPS. 美国历史悠久的廊桥正受到现代 GPS 技术的使用的威胁。 GPS is short for Global Positioning System. The satellite system tells people who use map applications what roads to use to go from one place to another. GPS 是全球定位系统的缩写。 卫星系统告诉使用地图应用程序的人们从一个地方到另一个地方要使用哪些道路。 The historic bridges usually have signs, including flashing lights, to warn trucks that are too tall or too heavy not to cross. But some truck drivers do not follow the warnings and crash into the bridge. They say the GPS directed them onto the bridge. Many times, the drivers are using systems made for cars instead of large trucks. 历史悠久的桥梁通常设有标志，包括闪烁的灯光，警告过高或过重的卡车不要通过。 但一些卡车司机没有遵守警告，撞上了桥。 他们说 GPS 引导他们到了桥上。 很多时候，司机使用的是为汽车而不是大型卡车设计的系统。 In the northeastern state of Vermont, Lyndon town officials say the 146-year-old Miller’s Bridge has been hit more than 20 times. 在佛蒙特州东北部，林登镇官员表示，已有 146 年历史的米勒桥已被撞击超过 20 次。 Justin Smith is an administrator for Lyndon. “GPS is the most general excuse that is given by drivers that do hit the bridge,” he said. Drivers can face a fine of $5,000 from the town, plus payments to the state. But he added that the real problem is drivers simply not thinking about their actions. 贾斯汀·史密斯 (Justin Smith) 是林登 (Lyndon) 的管理员。 “GPS 是撞桥司机给出的最普遍的借口，”他说。 司机可能会面临镇政府 5,000 美元的罚款，另外还要向州政府缴纳罚款。 但他补充说，真正的问题是司机根本没有考虑自己的行为。 Jack Harris is the head of Lyndon’s police. He said that the bridge had to be closed twice for major repairs. Each time, it took several months to finish the job. 杰克·哈里斯是林登警察局局长。 他说，这座桥曾两次因大修而关闭。 每次都需要几个月的时间才能完成。 In 2019, a truck hit the bridge supports. Engineering and repair costs were nearly $100,000, said Smith. 2019年，一辆卡车撞上了桥梁支架。 史密斯说，工程和维修成本接近 10 万美元。 About half the time, the town gets its money back through the drivers’ insurance — if it catches them. Many drivers simply drive away without telling officials about the accident. A nearby security camera aimed at the bridge has helped officials find some drivers. 大约一半的情况下，该镇会通过司机的保险拿回钱——如果他们被抓到的话。 许多司机只是开车离开，没有告诉官员这起事故。 附近的一个针对大桥的安全摄像头帮助官员找到了一些司机。“They will claim that they didn’t know they hit it and yet you’ll see the truck stop in the middle of the bridge and they’ll look up to see that they’re hitting the bridge,” Police Chief Harris said. 警察局长哈里斯说：“他们会声称他们不知道自己撞到了桥，但你会看到卡车停在桥中间，他们抬头一看就会发现自己撞到了桥。” Bill Caswell is president of the National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges. He said trucks have damaged many covered bridges in Vermont and other states like Illinois and Ohio. 比尔·卡斯韦尔 (Bill Caswell) 是国家廊桥保护协会主席。 他说，卡车损坏了佛蒙特州以及伊利诺伊州和俄亥俄州等其他州的许多廊桥。 Caswell said trucks hit a covered bridge in Cobb County, Georgia, so many times that officials put metal barriers at each end of it. The bridge also has warning signs and flashing lights.卡斯韦尔说，卡车多次撞上佐治亚州科布县的一座廊桥，官员们在桥的两端都设置了金属屏障。 桥上还设有警告标志和闪光灯。 “Even with all the warnings, the barriers are still struck,” Caswell wrote to The Associated Press. “But the bridge is now protected.” 卡斯韦尔在给美联社的信中写道：“尽管发出了所有警告，障碍仍然存在。” “但这座桥现在受到了保护。” Back in Lyndon, the town is looking at plans to put a steel beam in front of the bridge. The beam would force trucks that are too tall to come to a stop.回到林登，该镇正在考虑在桥前放置一根钢梁的计划。 横梁会迫使太高的卡车无法停下来。 A Google spokesperson said their Google Maps' app is made for drivers of cars and small trucks. The spokesperson added that drivers of larger vehicles should use different systems. 谷歌发言人表示，他们的谷歌地图应用程序是为汽车和小型卡车司机设计的。 该发言人补充说，大型车辆的驾驶员应该使用不同的系统。 Apple also has a “Maps” app. The company did not answer an Associated Press email asking for comment. 苹果还有一个“地图”应用程序。 该公司没有回复美联社要求置评的电子邮件。 In Lyndon, there are different ideas in town about what to do, said Smith, the administrator. 管理员史密斯说，在林登，镇上对于该做什么有不同的想法。 “Some people obviously want to see something that protects the bridge so we can keep it in place,” he said. “Others are like: ‘It’s time to take it off and set it on the side and put a more standard bridge in.” “有些人显然希望看到一些可以保护桥梁的东西，这样我们就可以将其保持在适当

South Korean researchers have combined cow muscle cells with rice grains. They say the new rice is an important step towards a sustainable, less costly source of protein. The researchers suggested it could replace the meat of farmed cattle, or beef. 韩国研究人员将牛肌肉细胞与米粒结合起来。 他们表示，新大米是迈向可持续、成本更低的蛋白质来源的重要一步。 研究人员建议它可以替代养殖牛的肉或牛肉。 Professor Jinkee Hong of Yonsei University led the research. Hong said the “beef rice” is the first product of its kind. The results of the research were recently published in Matter. 延世大学的 Jinkee Hong 教授领导了这项研究。 洪说，“牛肉饭”是同类产品中的首创。 该研究结果最近发表在《Matter》杂志上。 The beef rice uses grain particles as the base for growing animal muscle and fat cells. 牛肉饭以谷物颗粒作为生长动物肌肉和脂肪细胞的基础。 The researchers treated rice grains with chemicals called enzymes to create an environment for cell growth. They added cells from cattle to create the final product, which is a combination, or hybrid, of the two. The result looks like a grain of rice with a pink color. 研究人员用一种叫做酶的化学物质处理米粒，为细胞生长创造一个环境。 他们添加了来自牛的细胞来创造最终产品，这是两者的组合或混合体。 结果看起来像一粒粉红色的米粒。Companies around the world have launched efforts to develop meat that is grown in a laboratory. One of the latest attempts involves plant-based chicken and eel meat developed from soybean that is sold in Singapore. 世界各地的公司都在努力开发实验室培育的肉类。 最新的尝试之一涉及由大豆制成的植物鸡肉和鳗鱼肉，并在新加坡销售。 Hong’s team said rice has an added gain in terms of safety compared to soy or nuts because fewer people have allergic reactions to it. Hong的团队表示，与大豆或坚果相比，大米的安全性更高，因为对大米产生过敏反应的人更少。 He said that if it is developed into food products, “cultured beef rice could serve as a sustainable protein source.” He added that it would be good in environments where traditional animal farming is too difficult. 他说，如果将其开发成食品，“培养牛肉米可以作为可持续的蛋白质来源。” 他补充说，这对于传统畜牧业太困难的环境来说是件好事。 The beef rice contains around eight percent more protein and seven percent more fat than normal rice. Hong noted the protein is 18 percent animal based. That makes it a good source of important nutrients needed by humans called essential amino acids. 牛肉饭比普通大米含有大约百分之八的蛋白质和百分之七的脂肪。 Hong 指出，该蛋白质 18% 是动物蛋白。 这使其成为人类所需的重要营养素（称为必需氨基酸）的良好来源。Beef rice costs about two dollars per kilogram. Hong said it results in the release of less carbon gas than traditional cattle raising. He said that it could compete with other products in stores. 牛肉饭每公斤大约两美元。 洪说，与传统养牛相比，这种方法释放的碳气体更少。 他说它可以与商店里的其他产品竞争。 Hong said there are still some problems in production. And, he added, it will not be easy to get people to accept its taste and how it feels in the mouth, or its texture. 洪说，生产中还存在一些问题。 而且，他补充说，让人们接受它的味道、口感或质地并不容易。 Keum Dong-kyu recently ate the beef rice at a restaurant in the Korean capital Seoul. He praised the new idea. 最近，金东奎在韩国首都首尔的一家餐厅吃了牛肉饭。 他对这个新想法表示赞赏。 Keum said, “But honestly, I don't think it can replicate the juiciness or texture of real beef.” Keum 说：“但说实话，我认为它无法复制真正牛肉的多汁性或质地。” Christian Krammel, who is from Germany, expressed hope for the future. 来自德国的克里斯蒂安·克拉梅尔表达了对未来的希望。 Krammel said, “Now, it does not compare to beef yet, but as I see the research is in early stages, I would say it's a great way forward.” 克拉梅尔说：“现在，它还无法与牛肉相比，但据我所知，这项研究还处于早期阶段，我想说这是一个很好的前进方向。” 

Only one in five of those who apply to the University of Cambridge is offered a place. Currently there is an admissions quota of at least 69% of places for state-educated pupils. Now, Cambridge is looking at using a more sophisticated set of measures, including whether an applicant has received free school meals and looking at individual exam results in the context of where their school is. 在每年申请剑桥大学的学生当中，只有五分之一的人能获得入学名额。目前，剑桥大学的招生计划中要求至少有69%的学生都是接受公立学校教育的学生。现在，剑桥大学正在考虑使用一套更复杂的衡量标准，包括查看申请者是否获得过免费校餐，以及综合申请者所在学校的情况来评估其个人的考试成绩。 Mike Nicholson, the director of admissions, told the BBC with many students achieving top grades, the university needed to make more subtle choices. Every university has to produce plans to show how they ensure fair and equal admissions for disadvantaged students. The Office for Students, which regulates England's universities, says it doesn't require a target for places for state pupils, but expected sustained work with schools by the most selective universities to raise the attainment of disadvantaged pupils. 剑桥大学招生办主任迈克·尼科尔森告诉英国广播公司，由于取得优异成绩的学生人数众多，因此大学需要做出更谨慎而细致的选择。每一所大学都必须制定招生计划，公开说明如何确保弱势学生能获得公平而平等的录取机会。负责管理英格兰大学的英国学生事务办公室表示，他们不要求大学为公立学校学生设定入学名额指标，但希望录取选拔最严格的顶尖大学能与各生源学校持续合作，提高弱势学生的学业成就。 Cambridge has been criticised for recruiting almost half its students from London and the South East, including from grammar schools which have a more privileged intake. The current vice chancellor, Deborah Prentice, has made clear she would like to encourage more applications from the brightest students across the North of England. 剑桥大学近一半的学生都来自伦敦和英格兰东南部的学校，包括文法学校，文法学校学生的家庭条件往往比较优越，因此受到批评。现任校长黛博拉·普伦蒂斯明确表示，她希望鼓励更多来自英格兰北部最优秀的学生申请剑桥大学。 词汇表admissions 录取，入学quota 定额，配额state-educated 接受公立学校教育的measures （判断的）标准disadvantaged 弱势的，条件困难的target 指标，目标selective 筛选条件严格的attainment 成就recruiting 招收grammar schools 文法学校brightest 最聪明的

Heartbreak has inspired thousands of songs, books and films, and, however much we try to avoid it, is something we are all likely to experience at some point in our lives. But what exactly is heartbreak, and how does it affect us? 心碎激发了数以千计的歌曲、书籍和电影的灵感，无论我们如何努力避免它，我们都可能在生命中的某个时刻经历过。 但心碎到底是什么？它对我们有何影响？ Heartbreak often occurs after a breakup, bereavement or the loss of a family member or friend. When this happens, we experience grief, which heartbreak is a form of. And it doesn't just have emotional effects – it affects us physically too. The word 'heartbreak' comes from the physical response to loss, described on BBC's The Why Factor as feeling like someone is 'physically squeezing the heart', though our hearts don't experience any real damage. Psychologist Guy Winch told the BBC that, although we tend to feel pain viscerally, the pain of heartbreak actually comes from the brain, and is a by-product of love. 心碎通常发生在分手、丧亲或失去家人或朋友之后。 当这种情况发生时，我们会感到悲伤，而心碎就是其中的一种形式。 它不仅会影响情绪，还会影响我们的身体。 “心碎”这个词来自于对失去亲人的身体反应，BBC 的《为什么因素》将其描述为感觉有人在“身体上挤压心脏”，尽管我们的心脏并没有受到任何真正的伤害。 心理学家盖伊·温奇（Guy Winch）告诉BBC，虽然我们往往会感受到内心的痛苦，但心碎的痛苦实际上来自大脑，是爱情的副产品。 The emotional pain may be understandable, but why do we experience such physical pain? According to Florence Williams, author of Heartbreak: A Personal and Scientific Journey, when you connect with someone on an intimate level, your bodies can actually sync up. Cortisol levels and respiration rates can align, and heartbeats might regulate during sleep. When that partner is no longer there, our body reacts negatively to this change, causing us pain. The reason for this is evolutionary, Williams says. The nervous system acts as though it is under threat because, as social animals, we feel far more comfortable and safe with others than when alone. Therefore, the symptoms of heartbreak are a perfectly natural response, however hard they may be to cope with. 情感上的痛苦也许可以理解，但为什么我们会经历这样的身体上的痛苦呢？ 根据《心碎：个人和科学之旅》一书的作者弗洛伦斯·威廉姆斯的说法，当你与某人建立亲密的联系时，你们的身体实际上可以同步。 皮质醇水平和呼吸频率可以保持一致，并且心跳可以在睡眠期间调节。 当那个伴侣不再存在时，我们的身体会对这种变化做出负面反应，导致我们疼痛。 威廉姆斯说，这是进化的原因。 神经系统表现得好像受到了威胁，因为作为社会性动物，我们与他人在一起比独处时感觉更舒适和安全。 因此，心碎的症状是一种完全自然的反应，无论它们可能很难应对。 So, if you have a broken heart, what can you do? Healthline suggests you should take time to grieve, reconnect with yourself, and surround yourself with supportive friends. 那么，如果你的心受伤了，你能做什么呢？ Healthline 建议您花些时间悲伤，与自己重新建立联系，并与支持自己的朋友在一起。词汇表heartbreak 心碎，过度伤心breakup （一段关系的）破裂bereavement 亲友丧亡loss 丧失，失去grief （尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛emotional 情绪上的，情感上的physical response 身体反应damage 损伤，损害viscerally 发自内心地by-product 附带产生的后果intimate 亲近的，亲密的sync up 同步cortisol level 皮质醇水平，氢化可的松水平respiration rate 呼吸速率heartbeat 心跳nervous system 神经系统under threat 受到威胁grieve （尤指因某人去世而）悲伤，伤心reconnect 重新建立良好的联系，重新了解supportive 给予帮助的，给予支持的

The number of marriages in South Korea rose in 2023 for the first time in more than ten years. 2023年，韩国结婚人数十多年来首次上升。 The increase came after the pandemic which forced some couples to delay marriage plans. But the data did not point to a continued increase in the aging country. 这一增长是在大流行迫使一些夫妇推迟结婚计划之后发生的。 但数据并未表明老龄化国家持续增加。 The small rise in marriages last year comes as its fertility rate continued to decrease. South Korea’s fertility rate, or the average number of children born per woman, is already the world’s lowest. It is falling because women are concerned about their careers, the cost of raising children, or are deciding not to have babies. 去年结婚人数小幅上升之际，生育率持续下降。 韩国的生育率，或者说每个女性平均生育的孩子数量，已经是世界上最低的。 该数字正在下降，因为女性担心自己的职业、抚养孩子的成本，或者决定不生孩子。 Government data showed a total of 193,657 couples got married last year. That is up 1.0 percent from 191,690 a year earlier. It is the first increase since 2011. 政府数据显示，去年共有 193,657 对夫妇结婚。 这比去年同期的 191,690 人增加了 1.0%。 这是自2011年以来的首次增长。 That compares with a 0.4 percent drop in 2022. That was when South Korea started to ease restrictions on social gatherings put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. The restrictions saw the number of marriages decrease 9.8 percent in 2021 and 10.7 percent in 2020. 相比之下，2022 年下降了 0.4%。当时韩国开始放宽 COVID-19 大流行期间对社交聚会的限制。 这些限制导致 2021 年结婚数量下降 9.8%，2020 年下降 10.7%。 The 2023 number of marriages, however, remains well below the 239,159 marriages seen in 2019. And that compares to a yearly number of more than 320,000 recorded 10 years earlier. 然而，2023 年的结婚人数仍远低于 2019 年的 239,159 桩婚姻。相比之下，10 年前记录的每年结婚人数超过 320,000 桩。 A government official said that couples delaying marriage was a reason for more marriages in the second half of 2022 and the first half of 2023. 一位政府官员表示，夫妇推迟结婚是2022年下半年和2023年上半年结婚人数增加的一个原因。 "In the second half of 2023, however, marriages fell year-on-year, indicating that people who had been delaying marriage due to COVID-19 have now mostly got married," the official told reporters. 这位官员告诉记者：“然而，2023年下半年，结婚人数同比下降，这表明因COVID-19而推迟结婚的人现在大多已经结婚了。” The 2023 increase was also well below the increases seen in nearby China. Marriages in China rose 12.4 percent last year. That happened as more couples got married after delays caused by the pandemic. 2023 年的增幅也远低于邻近中国的增幅。 去年中国的结婚人数增长了12.4%。 随着越来越多的夫妇因大流行造成的延误而结婚，这种情况发生了。 Most South Koreans say high housing costs are the biggest reason for getting married. Many also see marriage as the first step before having a baby in the Asian country. 大多数韩国人表示，高昂的住房成本是结婚的最大原因。 许多人还认为结婚是在这个亚洲国家生孩子之前的第一步。 The Yonhap news agency reported a recent study of 500 South Koreans aged between 19 and 23. It showed that 50.4 percent of those asked did not plan on getting married or having children. 韩联社最近报道了一项针对 500 名 19 岁至 23 岁韩国人的研究。结果显示，50.4% 的受访者没有结婚或生孩子的计划。 The government says it will take “extraordinary measure” to deal the low birth rate. Political parties are promising public housing and easier loans for young South Koreans ahead of the April legislative election. 政府表示将采取“非常措施”解决低出生率问题。 在四月立法选举之前，各政党承诺为韩国年轻人提供公共住房和更宽松的贷款。 Marriages with a foreign national greatly increased for a second year, increasing 18.3 percent to 19,717. 与外国人结婚的人数连续第二年大幅增加，增加了 18.3%，达到 19,717 人。 

March 20 is the United Nations' International Day of Happiness. 3月20日是联合国国际幸福日。 For many years, northern European countries, especially Finland, have been named among the happiest countries on Earth. The United States has never made it into the top 10. 多年来，北欧国家，尤其是芬兰，一直被评为地球上最幸福的国家之一。美国从未进入过前十名。 But California state lawmaker Anthony Rendon is hoping he can do something about happiness in the most populous American state. 但加利福尼亚州议员安东尼·伦登希望他能为这个美国人口最多的州的幸福做点什么。 In his free time, Rendon likes to stay away from the workplace and spend time with his 4-year-old daughter at his home near Los Angeles. Recently, he took her ice skating and to an indoor play area. He said those are the “things that make me happy.” 在空闲时间，伦登喜欢远离工作场所，在洛杉矶附近的家中与 4 岁的女儿共度时光。最近，他带她滑冰，去了室内游乐区。他说这些是“让我快乐的事情”。 As one of the longest-serving leaders in the California legislature, Rendon is now trying to make happiness more central to policymaking in his last year in office. He created a first-in-the-nation group to study the issue of happiness. The group is called the Select Committee on Happiness and Public Policy Outcomes. 作为加州立法机关任职时间最长的领导人之一，伦登现在正努力让幸福在他任期的最后一年中成为政策制定的核心。他创建了一个全国首个研究幸福问题的小组。该小组被称为幸福和公共政策成果特别委员会。 Rendon said it would be “silly” for lawmakers to not study how they can make people happier. “Because if we have everybody clothed, everybody housed, everybody has a job and they’re miserable, then we’ve failed at what we’re trying to do,” he said. 伦登表示，立法者如果不研究如何让人们更幸福，那将是“愚蠢的”。“因为如果我们让每个人都有衣服穿，每个人都有住处，每个人都有工作，但他们都很痛苦，那么我们就失败了，”他说。In California, three-quarters of adults say they are “very happy” or “pretty happy.” Twenty-six percent say they are “not too happy.” The numbers come from a September 2023 study by the Public Policy Institute of California. The study also says Californians without a post-high school degree and those who earn less money are generally less happy than those with more education and more money. 在加利福尼亚州，四分之三的成年人表示他们“非常快乐”或“相当快乐”。百分之二十六的人表示他们“不太高兴”。这些数字来自加州公共政策研究所 2023 年 9 月的一项研究。该研究还表示，没有高中以上学历的加州人和收入较少的人通常比那些受过更多教育、有更多钱的人更不快乐。 The idea of considering happiness in public policy is not new. 在公共政策中考虑幸福的想法并不新鲜。 The South Asian nation of Bhutan sets happiness as a goal of its public policy. The country asks its people about their level of happiness for what is called the Gross National Happiness Index. Officials then work to increase happiness by providing citizens with free health care and education. They also work to protect things like cultural traditions and the country’s forests. 南亚国家不丹将幸福作为其公共政策的目标。该国询问其人民的幸福水平，即所谓的国民幸福指数。然后，官员们努力通过为公民提供免费医疗保健和教育来增加幸福感。他们还致力于保护文化传统和国家森林等。 Phuntsho Norbu is consul general of Bhutan to the United States. Norbu said the government cannot make every person happy. But he said the government should “create the right conditions” to help people find happiness. 平措诺布 (Phuntsho Norbu) 是不丹驻美国总领事。诺布说，政府不可能让每个人都幸福。但他表示，政府应该“创造适当的条件”来帮助人们找到幸福。 In California, lawmakers recently heard from experts about the things that make people happy and how public officials can support people’s happiness. 在加利福尼亚州，立法者最近听取了专家关于让人们幸福的事情以及公职人员如何支持人们幸福的建议。Meliksah Demir is a professor of happiness at California State University, Sacramento. Demir said research shows that leisure activities, social relationships and life situations affect a person’s happiness. He added that public officials can help by investing in mental health resources, adding green spaces and teaching about the value of happiness early on in schools. 梅利克萨·德米尔 (Meliksah Demir) 是加州州立大学萨克拉门托分校的幸福学教授。德米尔说，研究表明休闲活动、社会关系和生活状况会影响一个人的幸福感。他补充说，公职人员可以通过投资心理健康资源、增加绿色空间以及在学校早期教授幸福的价值来提供帮助。 Rendon said California is behind many parts of the world in looking at happiness in policymaking. He said he wanted to create the happiness committee after seeing a yearly report on happiness by the United Nations. 伦登说，在政策制定中关注幸福感方面，加州落后于世界许多地区。他说，在看到联合国关于幸福的年度报告后，他想成立幸福委员会。 Last year’s happiness report said that the way people view the effectiveness of government can influence their happiness. The United States was 15th in the world happiness ranking based on a three-year average from 2020 to 2022. Scandinavian countries, including Finland and Iceland, ranked the highest. 去年的幸福报告称，人们对政府有效性的看法会影响他们的幸福感。根据2020年至2022年三年的平均值，美国在世界幸福排名中排名第15位。包括芬兰和冰岛在内的斯堪的纳维亚国家排名最高。 Kristina Bas Hamilton is a long-time labor supporter in California. “Government’s role is to provide for its people,” Bas Hamilton said. “The goal is to have happy citizens. That’s the goal of all public policy.” 克里斯蒂娜·巴斯·汉密尔顿 (Kristina Bas Hamilton) 是加利福尼亚州的长期劳工支持者。“政府的作用是为人民提供服务，”巴斯·汉密尔顿说。“我们的目标是拥有幸福的公民。这是所有公共政策的目标。”

A recently released report from European scientists says there are 16,000 chemicals in plastic materials around the world. 欧洲科学家最近发布的一份报告称，全球塑料材料中含有 16,000 种化学物质。 The report said not enough is known about the safety of all those chemicals. They estimate that about 25 percent of these chemicals are possibly harmful to human health or the environment. 报告称，人们对所有这些化学品的安全性了解还不够。他们估计，这些化学物质中约有 25% 可能对人类健康或环境有害。 The Norwegian Research Council supported the creation of the report. It was released as officials are negotiating a United Nations treaty on plastic pollution. The U.N. estimates 400 million metric tons of plastic waste are produced every year. 挪威研究委员会支持该报告的编写。该报告发布之际，官员们正在就联合国塑料污染条约进行谈判。联合国估计每年产生 4 亿吨塑料垃圾。 Jane Muncke helped write the report. She is with the Swiss nonprofit Food Packaging Forum. She said to deal with plastic pollution, people must look at the “full life cycle of plastics.” 简·蒙克帮助撰写了这份报告。她是瑞士非营利食品包装论坛的成员。她说，要解决塑料污染，人们必须着眼于“塑料的整个生命周期”。 Researchers fear chemicals from plastics can spread into water and food. 研究人员担心塑料中的化学物质会扩散到水和食物中。 Muncke said, "We're finding hundreds, if not thousands, of plastic chemicals in people now and some of them have been linked to adverse health outcomes.” 蒙克说：“我们现在在人们体内发现了数百甚至数千种塑料化学物质，其中一些与不良健康结果有关。” Activists say such effects include possible harm to the reproductive system and cardiovascular disease. 活动人士表示，这种影响包括可能对生殖系统造成伤害和心血管疾病。 Martin Wagner is the lead writer of the study. He is an environmental scientist at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He said researchers find hundreds, if not thousands, of chemicals in everyday products when they look for them. 马丁·瓦格纳是这项研究的主要作者。他是挪威科技大学的环境科学家。他说，研究人员在日常产品中寻找数百甚至数千种化学物质。Kimberly Wise White is with the American Chemistry Council, an industry group. She said the findings “ignore real-world exposures.” She added the findings “paint an incomplete picture” for policy makers and the public. The plastics industry has said any worldwide treaty should support recycling and re-use of plastic. 金伯利·怀斯·怀特 (Kimberly Wise White) 是美国化学理事会（一个行业组织）的成员。她表示，研究结果“忽略了现实世界的风险”。她补充说，调查结果为政策制定者和公众“描绘了一幅不完整的图景”。塑料行业表示，任何全球条约都应支持塑料的回收和再利用。 But the writers of the recent report said that only dealing with plastic waste does not go far enough. They said there is a need for more information on chemicals in plastics, including recycled products. About 25 percent of the chemicals found lacked information on their chemical identity, the report said. 但最近报告的作者表示，仅处理塑料垃圾还不够。他们表示，需要更多有关塑料中化学物质（包括回收产品）的信息。报告称，大约 25% 的发现化学品缺乏化学成分信息。Wagner said the problem “is the chemical complexity of plastics.” He is a leading member of the Scientists’ Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty. It is an organization of scientists and experts seeking to advise the plastics treaty process. 瓦格纳表示，问题“在于塑料的化学复杂性”。他是有效塑料条约科学家联盟的主要成员。它是一个由科学家和专家组成的组织，致力于为塑料条约进程提供建议。 Wagner said, "Often producers don't really know which kind of chemicals they have in their products and that comes from very complex value chains." 瓦格纳说：“生产商通常并不真正知道他们的产品中含有哪种化学物质，而且这些化学物质来自非常复杂的价值链。” Six percent of the chemicals found in plastics are regulated internationally. Wagner said that without regulations, there is no reason for companies to identify what is in the plastics. 塑料中 6% 的化学物质受到国际监管。瓦格纳表示，如果没有法规，公司就没有理由识别塑料中的成分。 Last year, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) said there were around 13,000 chemicals in plastics. 去年，联合国环境规划署 (UNEP) 表示，塑料中含有约 13,000 种化学物质。 Negotiations will continue in Ottawa, Canada. The aim is to finish a version of a treaty by December in the South Korean city of Busan.谈判将在加拿大渥太华继续进行。目标是在 12 月之前在韩国釜山完成条约版本。 

"A good book is easy to find." That is the message on a sign at Hernando Guanlao's home in the Makati area of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. “一本好书很容易找到。” 这是菲律宾首都马尼拉马卡蒂地区埃尔南多·关老家中的一块牌子上写的信息。Guanlao has turned his home into a free public library. Visitors can borrow the books inside for free. 关老把他的家变成了免费的公共图书馆。游客可以免费借阅里面的书籍。Guanlao says he hopes his library will inspire people to read, especially the young. The 72-year-old told reporters that his library includes books that all students can enjoy – from young children in Kindergarten to older students in grade 12. 关老说，他希望他的图书馆能够激发人们，尤其是年轻人的阅读热情。这位 72 岁的老人告诉记者，他的图书馆里有所有学生都可以喜欢的书籍——从幼儿园的幼儿到 12 年级的高年级学生。Guanlao says his library has books for readers of all interests. He spoke to reporters at his home, which is filled with thousands of available books. 关老说，他的图书馆有适合各种兴趣读者的书籍。他在自己的家里接受记者采访，家里摆满了数千本可用书籍。He calls his library Reading Club 2000. It contains many different kinds of books, or genres. 他把他的图书馆称为“阅读俱乐部 2000”。里面有许多不同种类或类型的书籍。Genre is a group of artistic, musical, or literary works that share a particular style, form, or content. Some genres in literature are poetry, non-fiction (or real stories), and fiction (or imaginary stories). Then there are “sub-genres” such as cookbooks, science fiction, and mystery, to name just a few. 流派是一组具有特定风格、形式或内容的艺术、音乐或文学作品。文学的一些类型是诗歌、非小说类（或真实故事）和小说（或虚构故事）。还有一些“子类型”，例如烹饪书、科幻小说和悬疑小说等等。Guanlao added, "There are also spiritual books for those who are looking for religious knowledge, hardbound and softbound books, autobiographies, and many different genres that one can enjoy, all for free.” 关老补充道：“还有宗教类的灵性书籍，精装本、软装本、自传等多种类型的书籍都可以免费阅读。”He started his library more than 20 years ago when he set 50 books on the walkway in front of his home. Guanlao's collection has grown greatly over the years -- thanks to a continuous supply of books from donors. 20 多年前，他在自家门前的人行道上放置了 50 本书，由此建立了自己的图书馆。多年来，由于捐赠者源源不断地提供书籍，关老的藏书不断增加。Speaking of donors, he said, "They just leave boxes of books outside my house.” He has also started donating books himself. He sends reading materials to public schools in far-away communities.谈到捐赠者，他说：“他们只是把一箱箱书留在我家外面。” 他自己也开始捐赠书籍，向偏远社区的公立学校发送阅读材料。Guanlao’s efforts come at a time when reading ability among students in the Philippines remains low. The Program for International Student Assessment reports that reading scores in the Philippines are among the lowest in the world. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development runs that program. 关老的努力正值菲律宾学生的阅读能力仍然较低之际。国际学生评估计划报告称，菲律宾的阅读成绩是世界上最低的。经济合作与发展组织负责执行该计划。Students in the Philippines are also facing learning delays in math and science. 菲律宾的学生在数学和科学方面也面临着学习延迟的问题。Guanlao is firm about his goals: "My mission is to give away used and donated books to others at no cost,” he said, “and to promote education through literature." 关老对自己的目标很坚定：“我的使命是免费向他人赠送二手书和捐赠的书籍，”他说，“并通过文学促进教育。”

What do you get when you cross the sports of rodeo with skiing? An extreme winter sport called skijoring. 当牛仔竞技运动与滑雪运动交叉时，你会得到什么？一项称为滑雪的极限冬季运动。 The competition involves riding horses that tow skiers by rope over jumps and around barriers. At the same time, competitors try to lance round targets with a baton, a special stick for the purpose. 比赛涉及骑马，用绳子牵引滑雪者越过障碍物和障碍物。与此同时，参赛者尝试用警棍（一种专用的棍子）刺穿目标。 Skijoring is a winter sport that celebrates the combination of rodeo and ski culture in the U.S. Mountain West. 滑雪是一项冬季运动，旨在庆祝美国西部山区牛仔竞技与滑雪文化的结合。 Horses — and sometimes dogs, snowmobiles and even cars — tow skiers by rope at speeds as high as 64 kilometers per hour. Skiers can go over jumps as high as 2.4 meters. 马——有时还有狗、雪地摩托，甚至汽车——用绳索牵引滑雪者，速度高达每小时 64 公里。滑雪者可以越过高达2.4米的跳台。 One of the most popular skijoring races in the country takes place in Leadville, Colorado. The event, called “The Granddaddy of ’em All,” has been a tradition there since 1949. 美国最受欢迎的滑雪比赛之一在科罗拉多州莱德维尔举行。这项活动被称为“所有人的祖父”，自 1949 年以来一直是那里的传统。 “It’s just the pure adrenaline that gets me to do it,” said Nick Burri. He is one of the competitors and said teams get along with each other. “Getting these two different groups of people together with the riders and the skiers…we mesh pretty well.” “纯粹是肾上腺素让我这么做，”尼克·布里说。他是参赛者之一，并表示团队之间相处融洽。“将这两类不同的人与骑手和滑雪者聚集在一起……我们配合得很好。” Internet reports say skijoring takes its name from the Norwegian word skikjoring, which means “ski driving.” It started as a way to get around in Scandinavia and became popular in Europe’s Alps Mountains around 1900. 互联网报道称，滑雪运动的名字来源于挪威语“skikjoring”，意思是“滑雪驾驶”。它最初是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一种出行方式，并于 1900 年左右在欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉流行起来。 Today's sport is dangerous, and injuries are common among riders and skiers alike. One of the first riders in the Leadville race earlier this month fell off his horse and had to be helped off the track. 当今的运动非常危险，骑手和滑雪者受伤很常见。本月早些时候，莱德维尔比赛的第一批骑手之一从马上摔下来，不得不在有人帮助下离开赛道。Burri did well in the competition although he was skiing with a separated shoulder that he suffered in a fall during a race two weeks earlier. 布里在比赛中表现出色，尽管他在两周前的一次比赛中摔倒时肩部分离。Savannah McCarthy has been a competitive skijorer since she was 12 years old. She said she experiences a nervous energy before she rides her horse for a race. But once she is speeding down the course, her world goes silent. Savannah McCarthy 从 12 岁起就一直是一名竞技滑雪运动员。她说，在骑马参加比赛之前，她会感到紧张。但一旦她加快速度，她的世界就变得安静了。 “I don't hear a thing when I'm running,” she said. “When it's happening, you really don't have time to think about anything.” McCarthy is a 24-year-old financial worker from Durango, Colorado. She has won the Leadville race nine times. “我跑步时什么也听不到，”她说。“当它发生时，你真的没有时间考虑任何事情。” 麦卡锡是一位来自科罗拉多州杜兰戈的 24 岁金融工作者。她曾九次赢得莱德维尔比赛。 Loren Zhimanskova is head of Skijor USA, which helps organize races across the country. She said skijoring is becoming more popular because of social media. She hopes it will one day be an event in the Winter Olympics. Skijoring is especially popular in Poland and Switzerland, as well as in the U.S. states of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana. Lorenzhimanskova 是 Skijor USA 的负责人，该组织帮助组织全国各地的比赛。她说，由于社交媒体，滑雪运动变得越来越流行。她希望有一天这将成为冬季奥运会的一项比赛项目。滑雪运动在波兰和瑞士以及美国科罗拉多州、怀俄明州和蒙大拿州尤其受欢迎。 Five years ago, the sport had about 350 teams of riders, skiers, and horses in the U.S., she said. Now, about 1,000 teams are competing, and the number of races has increased from about 15 a year to more than 30. 她说，五年前，这项运动在美国大约有 350 个由骑手、滑雪者和马匹组成的队伍。现在，大约有1000支队伍参加比赛，比赛数量也从每年约15场增加到30多场。 But getting the sport into the Olympics has proven difficult. 但事实证明，让这项运动进入奥运会是很困难的。 There is no official governing body. It has no clear set of rules. And there is no system that would permit riders to take part in the Winter Games. In addition, every course is different, and every race has its own special traditions. 没有正式的管理机构。它没有明确的规则。而且没有任何系统允许骑手参加冬季奥运会。此外，每个球场都不同，每个种族都有自己特殊的传统。Zhimanskova is pushing to include skijoring as a non-competitive demonstration sport. She said it could also be included in the torch relay at the 2034 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. 日曼斯科娃正在推动将滑雪运动纳入一项非竞技性表演运动。她表示，它也可能被纳入 2034 年犹他州盐湖城冬季奥运会的火炬传递中。 “Everyone loves snow...and then you add horses to that,” Zhimanskova said. “I mean, all the elements that go into a skijoring event, in my opinion, are really feel-good elements,” she added. “每个人都喜欢雪......然后你还可以添加马，”日曼斯科娃说。“我的意思是，在我看来，滑雪活动中的所有元素都是真正让人感觉良好的元素，”她补充道。 

Artificial intelligence (AI) is adding to the threat of election disinformation worldwide. 人工智能 (AI) 正在加剧全球选举虚假信息的威胁。 The technology makes it easy for anyone with a smartphone and an imagination to create fake – but convincing – content aimed at fooling voters. 这项技术使任何拥有智能手机和想象力的人都可以轻松创建虚假但令人信服的内容，旨在愚弄选民。 Just a few years ago, fake photos, videos or audio required teams of people with time, skill and money. Now, free and low-cost generative artificial intelligence services from companies like Google and OpenAI permit people to create high-quality “deepfakes” with just a simple text entry. 就在几年前，伪造照片、视频或音频需要有时间、技能和金钱的团队。 现在，谷歌和 OpenAI 等公司提供的免费且低成本的生成人工智能服务允许人们只需输入简单的文本即可创建高质量的“深度赝品”。A wave of AI deepfakes tied to elections in Europe and Asia has already appeared on social media for months. It served as a warning for more than 50 countries having elections this year. 与欧洲和亚洲选举相关的人工智能深度造假浪潮已经在社交媒体上出现了几个月。 这给今年即将举行选举的 50 多个国家敲响了警钟。 Some recent examples of AI deepfakes include: 最近的一些人工智能深度伪造的例子包括： — A video of Moldova’s pro-Western president throwing her support behind a political party friendly to Russia. ——摩尔多瓦亲西方总统支持一个对俄罗斯友好的政党的视频。 — Audio of Slovakia’s liberal party leader discussing changing ballots and raising the price of beer. — 斯洛伐克自由党领导人讨论改变选票和提高啤酒价格的音频。 — A video of an opposition lawmaker in Bangladesh — a conservative Muslim majority nation — wearing a bikini. — 孟加拉国（一个保守的穆斯林占多数的国家）一名反对派议员穿着比基尼的视频。 The question is no longer whether AI deepfakes could affect elections, but how influential they will be, said Henry Ajder, who runs a business advisory company called Latent Space Advisory in Britain. 英国经营一家名为 Latent Space Advisory 的商业咨询公司的亨利·阿杰德 (Henry Ajder) 表示，问题不再是人工智能深度假货是否会影响选举，而是它们的影响力有多大。 “You don’t need to look far to see some people ... being clearly confused as to whether something is real or not,” Ajder said. “你不需要看太远就能看到有些人……显然对某件事是真是假感到困惑，”阿杰德说。As the U.S. presidential race comes closer, Christopher Wray, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a warning about the growing threat of generative AI. He said the technology makes it easy for foreign groups to attempt to have a bad influence on elections. 随着美国总统竞选的临近，美国联邦调查局局长克里斯托弗·雷（Christopher Wray）就生成式人工智能日益增长的威胁发出了警告。 他说，这项技术使外国团体很容易试图对选举产生不良影响。 With AI deepfakes, a candidate’s image can be made much worse or much better. Voters can be moved toward or away from candidates — or even to avoid the polls altogether. But perhaps the greatest threat to democracy, experts say, is that the growth of AI deepfakes could hurt the public’s trust in what they see and hear. 借助人工智能深度伪造技术，候选人的形象可能会变得更糟或更好。 选民可能会倾向于或远离候选人，甚至完全避免投票。 但专家表示，对民主的最大威胁也许是人工智能深度假货的增长可能会损害公众对其所见所闻的信任。 The complexity of the technology makes it hard to find out who is behind AI deepfakes. Experts say governments and companies are not yet capable of stopping the problem. 该技术的复杂性使得很难找出人工智能深度造假的幕后黑手。 专家表示，政府和企业尚无能力阻止这一问题。 The world’s biggest tech companies recently — and voluntarily — signed an agreement to prevent AI tools from disrupting elections. For example, the company that owns Instagram and Facebook has said it will start labeling deepfakes that appear on its services. 全球最大的科技公司最近自愿签署了一项协议，以防止人工智能工具扰乱选举。 例如，拥有 Instagram 和 Facebook 的公司表示将开始为其服务中出现的深度伪造品贴上标签。 But deepfakes are harder to limit on apps like Telegram, which did not sign the voluntary agreement. Telegram uses encrypted messages that can be difficult to uncover. 但像 Telegram 这样的应用程序，深度造假就更难受到限制，因为 Telegram 没有签署自愿协议。 Telegram 使用难以破解的加密消息。Some experts worry that efforts to limit AI deepfakes could lead to unplanned results. 一些专家担心，限制人工智能深度造假的努力可能会导致意想不到的结果。 Tim Harper is an expert at the Center for Democracy and Technology in Washington, DC. He said sometimes well-meaning governments or companies might crush the “very thin” line between political commentary and an “illegitimate attempt to smear a candidate.” 蒂姆·哈珀是华盛顿特区民主与技术中心的专家。 他表示，有时善意的政府或公司可能会打破政治评论与“非法抹黑候选人的企图”之间的“非常细微”的界限。 Major generative AI services have rules to limit political disinformation. But experts say it is too easy to defeat the restrictions or use other services. 主要的生成人工智能服务都有限制政治虚假信息的规则。 但专家表示，打破这些限制或使用其他服务太容易了。 AI software is not the only threat. 人工智能软件并不是唯一的威胁。 Candidates themselves could try to fool voters by claiming events that show them in bad situations were manufactured by AI. 候选人自己可以声称那些表现出他们处境糟糕的事件是人工智能制造的，以此来愚弄选民。 Lisa Reppell is a researcher at the International Foundation for Electoral Systems in Arlington, Virginia. 丽莎·雷佩尔 (Lisa Reppell) 是弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿国际选举制度基金会的研究员。 She said, “A world in which everything is suspect — and so everyone gets to choose what they believe — is also a world that’s really challenging for…democracy.” 她说：“一个一切都受到怀疑的世界——因此每个人都可以选择自己的信仰——这对民主来

The supernova was visible from Earth for four months, shining with the power of a hundred million Suns. There was so much debris that even the most powerful telescopes could not confirm what remained at its heart. 曾经长达四个月之久，人们可以在地球上看到这颗超新星，它发出的光芒亮度相当于一亿个太阳。由于恒星爆炸产生大量碎片，即便是用最强大的望远镜进行观测，也无法确认超新星爆炸后的残骸中心是什么。But that's now changed with new data from Nasa's James Webb Space Telescope. That shows that the remnant is a neutron star, which is a dead star's collapsed core and made of the densest material in the Universe. 但美国国家航空航天局詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜的新观测数据给出了这个问题的答案。新数据表明恒星爆炸的残余物是一颗中子星，它是一颗死亡恒星坍塌的核心，由宇宙中密度最大的物质构成。 The discovery will confirm the theories of what [happens] to giant stars when they reach the end of their lives. That's important because supernovas are responsible for the spread of life-giving elements across the Universe, and the new data will help refine our understanding of how this happens. It will also give astronomers an opportunity to study a 'baby' neutron star and learn how they evolve over time. 这一发现将证实巨星到达生命尽头时的最终归宿与现有理论相符。证实这一点很重要，因为超新星起到将支持生命必需的元素向宇宙空间扩散的作用，而新的数据将完善我们对这一过程的理解。新的数据还将为天文学家提供一个研究 “婴儿” 中子星的机会，并掌握它们随着时间的推移进行演变的方式。 词汇表supernova 超新星debris 碎片，残骸telescopes 望远镜remnant 残余物neutron star 中子星collapsed core 坍塌的核心densest 密度最大的elements 元素astronomers 天文学家evolve 演变，演化

'Going for a walk' is a popular pastime among older and younger generations alike because of its well-known benefits for our physical and mental health. But you may be surprised to hear that meandering through pretty streets or hiking along mountainous ridges have not always been considered leisure activities, according to Daniel Gale, a researcher of pedestrianism. “散步”是老一辈和年轻一代都流行的消遣方式，因为它对我们的身心健康有众所周知的好处。 但步行行为研究员丹尼尔·盖尔 (Daniel Gale) 表示，你可能会惊讶地发现，蜿蜒穿过美丽的街道或沿着山脊徒步旅行并不总是被视为休闲活动。 He says that in Britain, walking for fun "wasn't really a thing" until the 1780s. Before that, it was just something people did out of necessity, and some people associated it with criminal activity. But for Charles Dickens, the famous English 19th Century author, marching through London streets and tramping around the countryside was a big part of the creative process; a time to absorb what was going on around him. He walked at an impressive pace of four miles per hour, according to his biography by Peter Ackroyd. 他说，在英国，直到 1780 年代，为了好玩而散步“才真正成为一件事”。 在此之前，这只是人们出于必要而做的事情，有些人将其与犯罪活动联系起来。 但对于英国 19 世纪著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯来说，在伦敦街头游行、在乡村漫步是创作过程的重要组成部分； 一个吸收周围发生的事情的时间。 根据彼得·阿克罗伊德（Peter Ackroyd）为他撰写的传记，他行走的速度令人印象深刻，为每小时四英里。 But if speed-walking isn't your thing, perhaps you can take inspiration from another big-thinking wanderer. 19th Century American writer Henry David Thoreau took a slower approach, preferring to saunter over hills and fields and meander through the woods. He said that he could not preserve his health and spirits, unless he spent four hours a day walking at least. 但如果你不喜欢快走，也许你可以从另一位有远见的流浪者那里获得灵感。 19世纪的美国作家亨利·大卫·梭罗采取了一种缓慢的方式，更喜欢漫步在山丘和田野上，蜿蜒穿过树林。 他说，除非每天至少步行四个小时，否则他无法保持健康和精神。 This idea of taking a stroll to clear your head has survived through to the 21st Century, but has pedestrian etiquette remained the same? A 1780 article for the London Magazine advised pedestrians to avoid things such as loitering in conversation and obstructing people behind you with a "sauntering gait". Nowadays, we could probably add distracted phone-users to that list. 散步来清醒头脑的想法一直延续到了 21 世纪，但行人礼仪还保持不变吗？ 1780 年《伦敦杂志》的一篇文章建议行人避免在谈话中闲逛以及以“漫步步态”妨碍身后的人等行为。 如今，我们或许可以将分心的电话用户添加到该列表中。 In this modern age, when many of us are tied to our desks and to our screens, the simple act of stepping out onto the city pavements, or getting lost in nature, may make all the difference to our wellbeing. Whether you see yourself more as a casual stroller or a purposeful strider, why not build a habit out of it? 在当今时代，当我们许多人都被办公桌和屏幕束缚时，走出城市人行道或迷失在大自然中的简单行为可能会对我们的健康产生重大影响。 无论你认为自己是一个休闲的散步者还是一个有目的的漫步者，为什么不养成一种习惯呢？ 词汇表go for a walk 散步pastime 消遣，娱乐meander 漫步，闲逛hike 远足leisure activity 休闲活动pedestrianism 徒步主义march 行走tramp 长途行走pace 步速speed-walking 快速行走wanderer 四处游走的人saunter 漫步，闲逛stroll 散步，溜达pedestrian etiquette 行人礼仪loiter 游荡，徘徊gait 步态，步法step out 走出去pavement 人行道stroller 散步的人strider 阔步行走的人

In the eastern state of Virginia, employees of the Richmond Wildlife Center are doing their best to act like mother foxes. They started feeding and caring for a baby fox, called a kit, when the young animal became separated from its mother.在弗吉尼亚州东部，里士满野生动物中心的员工正在尽力表现得像狐狸妈妈。 当一只小狐狸与母亲走散后，他们开始喂养和照顾这只小狐狸。The Associated Press reported that a video recently appeared on the center’s page on the social media service Facebook. In the video, Executive Director Melissa Stanley is shown wearing a red fox mask and equipment like rubber gloves. She feeds the young fox in the video. The kit sits on top of a stuffed animal that looks like a fox. It is supposed to look like her mother, Stanley said.美联社报道称，社交媒体服务 Facebook 上该中心的页面最近出现了一段视频。 在视频中，执行董事梅丽莎·斯坦利戴着红狐面具和橡胶手套等装备。 视频中她正在喂小狐狸。 该套件位于一个看起来像狐狸的毛绒动物的顶部。 斯坦利说，它应该看起来像她的母亲。The Facebook post explained why employees were wearing the fox mask to feed the baby animal. It also said workers are avoiding making human sounds and are preventing the kit from seeing its human caregivers. The post said the orphan should not become too close to humans while it is being raised by them. The measures make it more likely that the kit could be returned to the wild.Facebook 的帖子解释了为什么员工戴着狐狸面具来喂养小动物。 它还表示，工作人员正在避免发出人类的声音，并阻止该套件看到它的人类护理人员。 帖子称，孤儿在被人类抚养的过程中不应该与人类走得太近。 这些措施使得该套件更有可能回归野外。Stanley said a man brought the kit to the center on February 29. She said he found the animal on the street while walking his dog in Richmond.斯坦利说，2月29日，一名男子将这个工具箱带到了该中心。她说，他在里士满遛狗时在街上发现了这只动物。Thinking she was a baby cat, the man turned her over to the Richmond Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Richmond SPCA). The Richmond SPCA is a nonprofit organization that takes in cats and dogs without owners and finds them homes.该男子认为她是一只小猫，于是将她交给了里士满防止虐待动物协会（Richmond SPCA）。 里士满防止虐待动物协会是一个非营利组织，专门收留没有主人的猫和狗，并为它们找到家。Wildlife center employees tried to find the kit’s mother and their home, or den. They found the den, but they were told by officials that the foxes had been trapped and removed. Stanley said she thinks the fox kit either fell out of a trap or fell off the back of the trapper’s truck.野生动物中心的工作人员试图找到幼崽的母亲和它们的家或巢穴。 他们找到了巢穴，但官员告诉他们，狐狸已被困住并被移走。 斯坦利说，她认为这只狐狸要么从陷阱里掉下来，要么从捕猎者的卡车后面掉下来。Employees at the wildlife center have been taking turns feeding the kit every two to four hours. They all wear the fox mask while feeding her.野生动物中心的员工每两到四个小时轮流喂一次幼崽。 他们在给她喂食时都戴着狐狸面具。In addition to the large stuffed animal meant to look like the kit’s mother, employees also put a smaller stuffed red fox in her space. She cuddles up to the smaller stuffed animal at the end of the video.除了看起来像幼崽母亲的大型毛绒动物外，员工还在她的空间里放了一只较小的毛绒红狐狸。 在视频的最后，她拥抱着较小的毛绒动物。Stanley said, “The goal is to release the animals back into the wild.” She added that the goal is not to just increase their chances of survival, but to raise them to recognize other animals of their kind. Another goal she said was that the animals should reproduce.斯坦利说：“我们的目标是将这些动物放回野外。” 她补充说，我们的目标不仅仅是增加它们的生存机会，而是培养它们认识同类的其他动物。 她说的另一个目标是动物应该繁殖。The center looked for other red fox kits of the same age and weight at other centers. Employees found three other kits in a center in northern Virginia.该中心在其他中心寻找相同年龄和体重的其他红狐幼崽。 员工在弗吉尼亚州北部的一个中心发现了另外三个工具包。The fox kit will be sent to the Animal Education and Rescue Organization in Virginia. That group plans to release the kits back into the wild together.狐狸套件将被送往弗吉尼亚州的动物教育和救援组织。 该组织计划将这些幼崽一起放回野外。

Math lovers celebrate Pi Day on March 14, or 3/14. Around the world, many people even mark the day by eating a tasty piece of pie. 数学爱好者会在 3 月 14 日（即 3 月 14 日）庆祝圆周率日。 在世界各地，许多人甚至通过吃一块美味的馅饼来纪念这一天。 For those who do not know, pi is a mathematical constant, a value that never changes. It expresses the ratio of a circle’s circumference (the distance around the circle) to its diameter (the distance across the circle, passing through its center.) 对于那些不知道的人来说，圆周率是一个数学常数，一个永远不会改变的值。 它表示圆的周长（围绕圆的距离）与其直径（穿过圆的距离，穿过圆心的距离）的比率。 The approximate value of this mathematical constant is 3.1415926535. But those are just the first 10 digits of pi. The numbers go on infinitely, or forever. 该数学常数的近似值为3.1415926535。 但这些只是 pi 的前 10 位数字。 这些数字无限地持续下去，或者永远持续下去。 Pi can calculate the circumference of a circle by measuring the diameter and multiplying that by the 3.14-plus number. The formula has been used in physics, astronomy, engineering and other fields, dating back thousands of years. Pi 可以通过测量直径并将其乘以 3.14+ 的数字来计算圆的周长。 该公式已被应用于物理学、天文学、工程学等领域，其历史可以追溯到数千年前。 Long before computers, scientists such as Isaac Newton spent many hours calculating decimal places by hand. But today, researchers use computers to come up with trillions of digits for pi. But there is no end. 早在计算机出现之前，艾萨克·牛顿等科学家就花了很多时间手工计算小数位。 但今天，研究人员使用计算机计算出数万亿位的圆周率。 但没有尽头。There are many uses for pi. pi 有很多用途。 The number helps calculate the size of paper rolls used in printers. And it helps decide the necessary size of a container that serves heating and air conditioning systems in buildings of different sizes. 该数字有助于计算打印机中使用的纸卷的尺寸。 它有助于确定为不同规模的建筑物中的供暖和空调系统提供服务的容器的必要尺寸。 Scientists use the number to point an antenna toward a satellite and calculate the orbits and positions of planets and other space bodies. 科学家利用这个数字将天线指向卫星，并计算行星和其他空间物体的轨道和位置。 Scientists with the American space agency NASA use pi to calculate when parachutes should open as a vehicle splashes down on Earth or lands on Mars. 美国航天局 NASA 的科学家使用 pi 来计算当飞行器降落在地球或登陆火星时降落伞应该打开的时间。In 1706, British mathematician William Jones began using the Greek letter pi for the number 3.14… It is the first Greek letter in the words “periphery” and “perimeter.” Both words have similar meanings as circumference. 1706年，英国数学家威廉·琼斯开始使用希腊字母pi来表示数字3.14……它是“外围”和“周长”一词中的第一个希腊字母。 这两个词与周长具有相似的含义。 Pi Day itself dates back to the year 1988. That was when physicist Larry Shaw began celebrations at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco, California. 圆周率日本身可以追溯到 1988 年。当时物理学家拉里·肖 (Larry Shaw) 在加利福尼亚州旧金山的科学博物馆探索博物馆 (Exploratorium) 开始庆祝活动。 The so-called holiday did not gain national recognition until more than 20 years later. In 2009, the U.S. Congress declared every March 14 to be Pi Day as a way to bring more interest in math and science. 这个所谓的节日直到20多年后才得到全国的认可。 2009 年，美国国会宣布每年 3 月 14 日为圆周率日，以提高人们对数学和科学的兴趣。 The San Francisco museum that started the holiday organizes events, including a walk around a circular sign, called the Pi Shrine, 3.14 times. Of course, there is also plenty of pie to eat. 节日开始的旧金山博物馆组织了一些活动，包括绕着一个名为“Pi 神社”的圆形标志散步 3.14 次。 当然，还有很多馅饼可以吃。Many Pi Day events take place at colleges in the United States. For example, Nova Southeastern University (NSU) in Florida holds the “Mental Math Bingo” game with free pizza pies. 许多圆周率日活动在美国的大学举行。 例如，佛罗里达州诺瓦东南大学（NSU）举办“心理数学宾果”游戏，并提供免费披萨饼。 Jason Gershman oversees NSU’s math department. He said, “Every year, Pi Day provides us with a way to celebrate math, have some fun and recognize how important math is in all our lives.” 贾森·格什曼 (Jason Gershman) 负责管理新西伯利亚州立大学 (NSU) 的数学系。 他说：“每年，圆周率日都为我们提供了一种庆祝数学、享受乐趣并认识到数学在我们生活中的重要性的方式。” NASA has its yearly “Pi Day Challenge” online. The space agency offers games and puzzles, such as calculating the orbit of an asteroid or the distance a moon rover would need to travel each day to study a certain lunar area. 美国宇航局 (NASA) 在网上举办了一年一度的“圆周率日挑战”。 该航天局提供游戏和谜题，例如计算小行星的轨道或月球车每天需要行驶以研究月球某个区域的距离。 If you still wonder why Pi Day is such an important day for math lovers, here are two more reasons: Albert Einstein, possibly the world’s best-known scientist, was born on March 14, 1879. And famed physicist Stephen Hawking died on March 14, 2018, at age 76. 如果您仍然想知道为什么圆周率日对数学爱好者来说如此重要，这里还有两个原因：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，可能是世界上最著名的科学家，出生于 1879 年 3 月 14 日。著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金于 3 月 14 日去世 ，2018年，76岁。 Although pi is not a perfect number. Hawking once had this to say: “One of the basic rules of the universe is that nothing is perfect. Perfection simply doesn’t exist. Without imperfection, neither you nor I would exist.” 虽然 pi 不是一个完美数。 霍金曾经说过：“宇宙的基本规则之一就是没有什么是完美的。 完美根本不存在。 如果没有不完美，你和我都不会存在。” 

The American agency that follows the risk of coral bleaching around the world says “the worst bleaching event in the history of the planet may come soon.” 追踪全球珊瑚白化风险的美国机构表示，“地球历史上最严重的白化事件可能很快就会到来。” Those are the words of Derek Manzello, head of NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch. 这是 NOAA 珊瑚礁观察负责人德里克·曼泽洛 (Derek Manzello) 的话。NOAA is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NOAA 是国家海洋和大气管理局。 Manzello said the “entirety” of the Southern Hemisphere is “probably going to bleach this year.” The Southern Hemisphere is currently in summer and suffering from record-breaking water temperatures. 曼泽洛表示，“整个”南半球“今年可能会白化”。南半球目前正值夏季，水温破纪录。 Experts say climate change and the El Nino weather pattern are to blame for the warmer water. 专家表示，气候变化和厄尔尼诺天气模式是造成海水变暖的原因。Corals are small marine organisms that attach to mineral deposits in the ocean. Collections of the animals form ocean structures that support many kinds of sea life. 珊瑚是附着在海洋矿藏上的小型海洋生物。这些动物的集合形成了支持多种海洋生物的海洋结构。Bleaching is the term used by experts who see the once colorful coral turn white when water temperatures rise. It is a sign the animals are dying. 白化是专家们使用的术语，他们发现当水温升高时，曾经色彩缤纷的珊瑚会变成白色。这是动物即将死亡的迹象。 If corals die or go dormant, they can hurt fishing and tourism industries. 如果珊瑚死亡或休眠，就会损害渔业和旅游业。 The last large coral bleaching event around the world took place from 2014 to 2017. At the time, the Great Barrier Reef off Australia lost nearly one-third of its coral. Overall, the world lost 15 percent of its coral. 全球上一次大型珊瑚白化事件发生在2014年至2017年。当时，澳大利亚附近的大堡礁失去了近三分之一的珊瑚。总体而言，世界上 15% 的珊瑚消失了。 Corals get their color from small plants called algae that live inside them. The high temperatures stress the coral and cause them to expel the algae. When that happens, the corals lose their color. The algae help the coral stay healthy and without it, the corals face increasing risk of disease. 珊瑚的颜色来自于生活在珊瑚体内的藻类小植物。高温会给珊瑚带来压力，导致它们驱逐藻类。当这种情况发生时，珊瑚就会失去颜色。藻类帮助珊瑚保持健康，如果没有藻类，珊瑚将面临越来越大的疾病风险。Observers are concerned that 2024’s bleaching will be even worse than the last time. Scientists reported the worst coral bleaching on record in the Caribbean late last year. 观察人士担心，2024 年的白化现象将比上一次更严重。科学家报告称，去年年底加勒比地区出现了有记录以来最严重的珊瑚白化现象。 Manzello said there is coral bleaching “all over the place” in the Southern Hemisphere. He said all of the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching as are reefs in the territory of American Samoa. 曼泽洛说，南半球“到处”都存在珊瑚白化现象。他说，整个大堡礁都在白化，美属萨摩亚境内的珊瑚礁也是如此。 The El Nino weather pattern always brings warmer ocean temperatures. However, the world just experienced one of the warmest 12-month periods on record. In 2023, temperatures were 1.5 degrees Celsius higher than during pre-industrial times. Scientists say a longer period of high temperatures could cause the deaths of 90 percent of the world’s coral. 厄尔尼诺天气模式总是带来温暖的海洋温度。然而，世界刚刚经历了有记录以来最热的 12 个月之一。2023年，气温比工业化前时期高1.5摄氏度。科学家表示，较长时间的高温可能会导致世界上 90% 的珊瑚死亡。Manzello noted that scientists must look at coral in all three major oceans – Atlantic, Pacific and Indian – to call a bleaching event “global.” 曼泽洛指出，科学家必须观察大西洋、太平洋和印度洋三大洋的珊瑚，才能将白化事件称为“全球性”。 Scientists use sea surface temperature data and examine satellite imagery of reefs to measure for bleaching. Based on studies so far, Manzello said the world is “already there.” 科学家利用海面温度数据并检查珊瑚礁的卫星图像来测量珊瑚礁的白化情况。根据迄今为止的研究，曼泽洛表示世界“已经存在”。 A similar study of Indian Ocean coral is continuing. 对印度洋珊瑚的类似研究仍在继续。 Joanne Manning is a spokesperson for the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Manning said the organization has documented extensive bleaching in the Keppels area and Capricorn-Bunker groups. She said the group’s research continues. 乔安妮·曼宁是澳大利亚海洋科学研究所的发言人。曼宁说，该组织记录了吉佩尔地区和摩羯座地堡群的大规模白化现象。她说该小组的研究仍在继续。 

People can react differently to these kinds of situations. Some people may want to jump right in feet first. They may want to take the plunge! 人们对这些情况可能会有不同的反应。有些人可能想先用脚跳。他们可能想冒险一试！ And some people may want to test the waters. They may want to dip their toes in first. 有些人可能想试水。他们可能想先尝试一下。 Which kind of person are you? Well, imagine you are standing on the edge of a lake or swimming pool. You want to get into the water, but you don’t know the water’s temperature. 你是哪一种人？好吧，想象一下您站在湖边或游泳池边。你想进入水中，但你不知道水的温度。 Do you jump right in? If you do, you may be more bold and adventurous. 你直接跳进去吗？如果你这样做，你可能会更加大胆和冒险。 Or do you want to dip a toe into the water before you decide? If so, you may be more cautious and careful. 或者你想先试一下再做决定吗？如果是这样，你可能会更加谨慎和小心。If you dip your toes into something, you start doing it slowly and carefully. You are not sure if you will like it. You want to test the waters before beginning something, or before taking the plunge.如果你把脚趾伸进某件事，你就会开始慢慢地、小心地做。你不确定你是否会喜欢它。在开始某件事或冒险之前，你想先试水一下。 Testing the waters means you get a feel for something before committing to it. For example, if you want to move to a new city, you probably want to test the waters first by going there for a short stay. 试水意味着你在投入某件事之前先感受一下。例如，如果您想搬到一个新城市，您可能想先去那里短暂停留来试水。 Taking the plunge is the opposite of dipping your toes. When you take the plunge, you jump right into something. You do not wait or hesitate. 冒险与踮起脚尖正好相反。当你冒险时，你就会直接跳进某件事中。你不会等待或犹豫。 We use the expression dip your toes in for many situations. You may want to try an activity briefly to find out if you like it first. It can also mean you start something very carefully before becoming involved in something that you are not experienced at. 在很多情况下，我们都会使用“dip your toes in”这个表达方式。您可能想先短暂尝试一项活动，看看您是否喜欢它。这也可能意味着你在参与一些你没有经验的事情之前非常小心地开始做某件事。 Now, let’s hear some of these expressions used in a non-water related situation. 现在，让我们听听在与水无关的情况下使用的一些表达方式。A: Hey, I’m going ballroom dancing this Saturday. Do you want to join me?A：嘿，这周六我要去跳交际舞。你想加入我吗？B: Ballroom dancing? I know nothing about ballroom dancing.B：交际舞？我对交际舞一无所知。A: That's fine! This place I found is perfect for you. Before the dance starts, they give a free class to beginners.A：没关系！我发现这个地方非常适合你。舞蹈开始前，他们为初学者提供免费课程。B: Yeah, I don’t know. Maybe I’ll just go and watch. You know … dip my toes in. I like to know what I’m getting into first.B：是的，我不知道。也许我会去看看。你知道……尝试一下。我想先知道我要做什么。A: Sure. But I promise you … after the first 5 minutes you are going to want to jump in feet first!B：当然可以。但我向你保证……在前 5 分钟后，你会想先跳起来！ 

When visitors come to Paris for the Olympic Games starting in July, they will be entering the territory of France’s most famous street artist: “Invader.” It will be one invasion coming face-to-face with another. 当游客来到巴黎观看七月开始的奥运会时，他们将进入法国最著名的街头艺术家“入侵者”的领地。这将是一次入侵与另一次入侵的面对面。 Like Banksy, the British street artist he is sometimes compared to, Invader does not want his identity to be publicly known. 就像有时被拿来与英国街头艺术家班克斯（Banksy）相比较一样，入侵者也不希望自己的身份被公众知晓。 Sometimes working close to the edge of illegality, Invader comes, does his art, and disappears into the night. He leaves behind mosaics made mostly with small ceramic and glass tiles. 有时，入侵者的工作接近非法的边缘，他来了，完成他的艺术，然后消失在夜色中。他留下了主要由小陶瓷和玻璃砖制成的马赛克。 Many of the mosaics look like the aliens from the Space Invaders video game. Others are very complex portrayals of fruit or, in New York, of Lou Reed and Andy Warhol. 许多马赛克看起来就像电子游戏《太空入侵者》中的外星人。另一些则是对水果的非常复杂的描绘，或者在纽约，对卢·里德和安迪·沃霍尔的描绘。Some of his artworks come from popular culture, including Spiderman, Star Wars, Bugs Bunny, Ninja Turtles, pizza and others. Some artworks suggest deep research, including a portrait of guitarist Django Reinhardt facing the house where he lived, south of Paris in Samois-sur-Seine. 他的一些作品来自流行文化，包括蜘蛛侠、星球大战、兔八哥、忍者神龟、披萨等。一些艺术品表明了深入的研究，包括吉他手姜戈·莱因哈特 (Django Reinhardt) 的肖像，他面对着他居住的房子，位于巴黎南部塞纳河畔萨穆瓦 (Samois-sur-Seine)。 Since the first recorded mosaic of a blue Space Invader went up on a Paris street in 1998, numbered PA_01, Invader has taken over the world. There are now more than 4,000 of his mosaics in cities and towns on all continents except Antarctica. 自从 1998 年第一个有记录的蓝色太空入侵者马赛克出现在巴黎街头（编号 PA_01）以来，入侵者已经占领了世界。目前，除南极洲外，各大洲的城镇中都有他的 4000 多幅马赛克作品。London, Tokyo, Los Angeles and other cities were invaded in 1999; New York and Geneva and more in 2000; Hong Kong in 2001; Berlin, Bangkok, Melbourne. On and on. 1999年伦敦、东京、洛杉矶等城市遭到入侵；2000 年纽约和日内瓦等地；2001年香港；柏林、曼谷、墨尔本。不断地。 The 4,000th mosaic was glued to a brick wall in Potosi, 4,000 meters up in the Bolivian Andes, in 2021. The European Space Agency installed Invader’s Space2 mosaic aboard the International Space Station in 2015. 2021 年，第 4000 个马赛克被粘在玻利维亚安第斯山脉海拔 4000 米高的波托西的砖墙上。欧洲航天局于 2015 年在国际空间站上安装了入侵者 Space2 马赛克。 “‘Anytime, Anywhere’ is the philosophy,” Invader says on his website. “‘随时随地’是我们的理念，”Invader 在他的网站上说道。 In Paris — by far his most invaded area — the artist’s footprint is larger than ever as the Olympics draw closer. 在巴黎——迄今为止他最受侵犯的地区——随着奥运会的临近，这位艺术家的足迹比以往任何时候都更大。A new public showing in a multi-story building has one of his works on its roof, visible via satellite on Google Maps. With a telescope, the show’s visitors can also look across Paris to Invader’s 1,500th mosaic in the city and surrounding areas. 在一座多层建筑中举行的一场新的公开展览中，他的一件作品就在其屋顶上，通过谷歌地图上的卫星可以看到。借助望远镜，参观者还可以俯瞰整个巴黎，看到《入侵者》在城市及周边地区的第 1,500 个马赛克镶嵌画。Announced in February, PA_1500 is glued outside a chimney of the Pompidou Center. Unlike many of his other artworks, Invader got the center’s permission to put the red-and-white Space Invader alien into place. 2 月份宣布，PA_1500 被粘在蓬皮杜中心的烟囱外。与他的许多其他艺术作品不同，《入侵者》获得了该中心的许可，将红白相间的太空入侵者外星人放置到位。 “It’s a symbol. It’s number 1,500. It’s Paris,” said Alexandre Aumis, the building’s security director. He added, “It’s got to be here.” “这是一个象征。数字是 1,500。这是巴黎，”大楼安全总监亚历山大·奥米斯 (Alexandre Aumis) 说道。他补充说：“它必须在这里。” Some of those who know Invader say they are expecting him to spring more surprises for the Olympics, perhaps installing new mosaics related to the Games. 一些了解《入侵者》的人表示，他们期待他为奥运会带来更多惊喜，也许会安装与奥运会相关的新马赛克。 Fabrice Bousteau is the editor of Beaux Arts Magazine. He said, “The invasion is the 15 million people who are going to arrive in Paris for the Olympic Games. It’s a lot. Obviously, there will be Invader fans among them.” 法布里斯·布斯托 (Fabrice Bousteau) 是《美术》杂志的编辑。他说：“入侵是指即将抵达巴黎参加奥运会的 1500 万人。很多。显然，其中会有《入侵者》的粉丝。” Bousteau, who also directed Invader’s latest public showing, added, “So there will be this meeting between two cultures...He will doubtless invade the Games in a different way. I am almost certain.” 布斯托还执导了《入侵者》最新的公开演出，他补充道：“因此，两种文化之间将会有这次相遇……他无疑会以不同的方式入侵奥运会。我几乎可以肯定。” 

The humpback's song sounded so strange and haunting to sailors, they used to think it belonged to ghosts or mythical sea creatures. Now, a study has revealed how the animals produce their complex songs. 座头鲸的鲸歌听起来很奇怪，让水手们难以忘记，他们曾认为这种 “歌声” 来自鬼魂或神话中的海洋生物。现在，一项研究揭示了这些动物唱出复杂 “歌声” 的原理。 Researchers examined the voice boxes of three dead whales: larynxes that were taken from a stranded minke, humpback and a sei whale. Pumping air into the giant U-shaped structures from the whales' throats showed how they vibrate to make a sound when air moves across them. 研究人员检查了三头死鲸体内的 “音箱”，也就是它们的 “喉部”，三头死鲸分别是一头因被搁浅而死亡的小鳁鲸、一头座头鲸和一头塞鲸。研究人员向巨大 U 型结构的鲸鱼喉咙中注入空气，结果发现当空气流过时，这个U型结构通过振动发声。 That's similar to how our vocal folds work, but baleen whales can recycle the air around this specialised vocal anatomy, meaning they can sing while holding their breath without inhaling water. 这些鲸鱼的发声方式与我们声带的发声方式相似，但须鲸可以回收循环利用其体内这种特殊的发声结构周围的空气，这意味着它们可以不吸水而屏住呼吸 “唱歌”。 More analysis showed that the frequency of the whale song overlaps with the noise ships produce, so the sound of human activity in the ocean can interrupt communication that's essential to these animals' lives. 进一步的分析表明，鲸歌的频率与船只行驶时产生的噪音重叠，因此海洋中人类活动的声音会干扰这些鲸鱼生活中至关重要的沟通和交流过程。 词汇表haunting 令人难忘的voice boxes 音箱larynxes 喉头，喉咙stranded 搁浅的vibrate 振动vocal folds 声带baleen 鲸须，有鲸须的anatomy （动植物的）结构inhaling 吸气

Starting a dream job in a new city, winning a place at a prestigious university abroad or being able to travel for an extended period. All fantastic opportunities, but they can leave us feeling sad and alone. What is homesickness and what can we do about it? 在一个新城市开始一份梦想的工作，在国外著名大学获得一席之地，或者能够长期旅行。这些都是绝佳的机会，但它们会让我们感到悲伤和孤独。什么是想家，我们能做些什么呢？ Homesickness is mentioned in Homer's Odyssey – it's nothing new. Common symptoms include sadness, anxiety and irritability. It also can trigger self-protection responses causing people to withdraw from activities and become apathetic and unmotivated. Homesickness can affect anyone, but there are some factors that can make people more resilient when faced by it. Clinical psychologist Christopher Thurber and healthcare professional Edward Walton, tell us that positive previous experiences of being away from home, an optimistic outlook and a settled home background can help people deal better with the condition. Homesickness can also be less severe when someone feels in control of their situation, rather than feeling that they have been forced to move. 荷马的《奥德赛》中提到了思乡——这并不是什么新鲜事。常见症状包括悲伤、焦虑和烦躁。它还会引发自我保护反应，导致人们退出活动并变得冷漠和缺乏动力。想家会影响任何人，但有一些因素可以让人们在面对思乡时更有弹性。临床心理学家克里斯托弗·瑟伯和医疗保健专业人士爱德华·沃尔顿告诉我们，以前离开家的积极经历、乐观的前景和稳定的家庭背景可以帮助人们更好地应对这种情况。当一个人感觉自己可以控制自己的处境，而不是觉得自己被迫搬家时，思乡之情也会减轻一些。Regardless of these factors, homesickness does affect most people who move away from home. Psychologist Nilufar Ahmed recommends that people acknowledge homesickness, accept that it will happen and work through their feelings. Connections are important. Ahmed suggests people seek to fully involve themselves in their new surroundings, to focus on the positives of their new environment, get to know new people, and keep themselves active. She also suggests maintaining contact with home, through video chats or other means, and also to have reminders of home, such as familiar food. However, other psychologists, like Thurber and Walton, remind us that it's important that these connections to home do not prevent people taking up new opportunities. 不管这些因素如何，思乡确实影响着大多数离家出走的人。心理学家尼卢法尔·艾哈迈德建议人们承认思乡之情，接受思乡之情的发生，并通过自己的感受来解决。连接很重要。艾哈迈德建议人们寻求充分融入新环境，关注新环境的积极因素，结识新朋友，并保持活跃。她还建议通过视频聊天或其他方式与家人保持联系，并提供一些关于家乡的回忆，例如熟悉的食物。然而，瑟伯和沃尔顿等其他心理学家提醒我们，重要的是，这些与家庭的联系不会阻止人们接受新的机会。 Some form of homesickness is almost inevitable when we move to a new place. Understanding that this is the case, and taking small steps to lessen the impact, can help us make the most of new opportunities. 当我们搬到一个新地方时，某种形式的思乡几乎是不可避免的。了解这种情况，并采取小步骤来减轻影响，可以帮助我们充分利用新的机会。词汇表abroad 在国外extended period 长期anxiety 焦虑irritability 烦躁，易怒self-protection 自我保护withdraw 脱离，不再参与apathetic 无兴趣的，冷漠的unmotivated 无动力的，没有热情的resilient 适应力强的optimistic outlook 乐观的看法settled 稳定的work through 逐步处理、解决connection （人与人的）联系involve （使）参与surroundings 周围环境active 活跃的maintain contact 保持联系familiar 熟悉的

A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity. People with obesity are considered medically overweight.一项新研究估计，目前全球有超过 10 亿人患有肥胖症。 肥胖者在医学上被认为是超重。 The study, published in the medical publication The Lancet, said that one in eight people are obese. Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022. 这项发表在医学出版物《柳叶刀》上的研究称，八分之一的人患有肥胖症。 研究人员表示，到 2022 年，大约 43% 的成年人体重超重。 Worldwide, obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990, the study found. Among young people aged five to 19, the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period. 研究发现，自 1990 年以来，全球成人肥胖率增加了一倍多。 在5岁至19岁的年轻人中，肥胖率同期增加了四倍。 “A staggering number of people are living with obesity,” declared the lead writer of the study, Majid Ezzati. He is a professor at Imperial College London. 该研究的主要作者马吉德·埃扎蒂 (Majid Ezzati) 表示：“肥胖的人数惊人。” 他是伦敦帝国理工学院的教授。 Severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death. 严重肥胖与一系列健康问题和早逝密切相关。 Researchers used data from more than 3,600 population studies involving 222 million people, The Lancet reported. The study “measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population,” the researchers said. 据《柳叶刀》报道，研究人员使用了 3,600 多项人口研究的数据，涉及 2.22 亿人。 研究人员表示，这项研究“测量了一般人群的代表性样本的身高和体重”。 The World Health Organization (WHO) said in a statement that it shared data with other international researchers and helped to create the report. 世界卫生组织（WHO）在一份声明中表示，它与其他国际研究人员共享数据并帮助编写了这份报告。 WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the study identifies the “importance of preventing and managing obesity from early life to adulthood.”世卫组织总干事谭德塞表示，这项研究确定了“从生命早期到成年预防和管理肥胖的重要性”。 The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022, member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity. So far, 31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan. 世界卫生组织指出，在 2022 年世界卫生大会上，成员国同意了一项抗击肥胖的机构计划。 到目前为止，已有 31 个国家的政府“正在带头”通过实现该计划的目标来减少肥胖。 These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children. In addition, governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies. They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods, to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools. 其中包括政府采取措施，制定新规则，禁止向儿童推销不健康食品和饮料的“有害”行为。 此外，各国政府还致力于改善学校和营养政策。 他们还寻求降低健康食品的价格，以提高公众对健康饮食和锻炼的认识，并加强对学校体育活动的要求。 Imperial College’s Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations. But they are quickly increasing in other countries. He noted that some countries have many underweight people, meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems. 帝国理工学院的埃扎蒂表示，许多富裕国家的肥胖率并未上升。 但在其他国家，这种情况正在迅速增加。 他指出，一些国家有许多体重不足的人，这意味着这些国家面临着他所说的营养问题的“双重负担”。 Francesco Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO. He told reporters, “In the past, we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich. Obesity is a problem of the world.” 弗朗西斯科·布兰卡 (Francesco Branca) 是世界卫生组织营养学主管。 他告诉记者，“过去，我们一直认为肥胖是富人的问题。 肥胖是世界性的问题。”The research represented the first major report on the issue since 2017, with more than 1,500 scientists taking part. That report estimated around 774 million people above the age of five were living with obesity. 该研究是自 2017 年以来第一份关于该问题的重要报告，有 1,500 多名科学家参与。 该报告估计，大约有 7.74 亿五岁以上的人患有肥胖症。 Branca and Ezzati suggested that powerful new obesity drugs – such as Ozempic and Wegovy – could be helpful tools in reducing obesity. But they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.Branca 和 Ezzati 认为，强大的新型肥胖药物（例如 Ozempic 和 Wegovy）可能是减少肥胖的有用工具。 但他们指出，药物的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等。 

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said in a report on Wednesday that public waste creation will greatly increase by 2050. The rise will cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage through biodiversity loss, climate change, and deadly pollution, UNEP reports. 联合国环境规划署 (UNEP) 在周三的一份报告中表示，到 2050 年，公共废物的产生量将大幅增加。环境署报告称，这种增加将因生物多样性丧失、气候变化和致命污染造成数千亿美元的损失。 UNEP’s Global Waste Management Outlook 2024 says worldwide waste creation would greatly increase unless governments take urgent preventative measures. The world’s fastest-growing economies will drive much of the increase in waste. These include some countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa that are already struggling to deal with current public waste levels. 联合国环境规划署的《2024 年全球废物管理展望》称，除非各国政府采取紧急预防措施，否则全球废物产生量将大幅增加。 世界上增长最快的经济体将在很大程度上推动废物的增加。 其中包括亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲的一些国家，这些国家已经在努力应对当前的公共废物水平。 The report predicts municipal solid waste generation will grow from 2.3 billion tonnes in 2023 to 3.8 billion tonnes by 2050. UNEP projected the yearly cost of waste treatment by the middle of the century would rise to $640 billion worldwide. That represents a more than 75 percent increase from 2020. That year, the world produced an estimated 2.1 billion tonnes of public solid waste, which excludes industrial waste. 该报告预测，城市固体废物产生量将从 2023 年的 23 亿吨增加到 2050 年的 38 亿吨。环境署预计，到本世纪中叶，全球每年的废物处理成本将增至 6,400 亿美元。 这比 2020 年增加了 75% 以上。那一年，世界估计产生了 21 亿吨公共固体废物，其中不包括工业废物。 Damage caused by the growing waste would account for about $443 billion of the total cost. 日益增加的废物造成的损失将占总成本约 4,430 亿美元。The report, called Beyond an Age of Waste: Turning Rubbish into a Resource, was released during the U.N. Environment Assembly in Kenya this week. The writers argue that humanity has “moved backwards” over the past ten years. They say humans are creating more waste, more pollution, and more climate changing gases. 这份名为《超越废物时代：将垃圾变成资源》的报告于本周在肯尼亚举行的联合国环境大会期间发布。 作者认为，过去十年来，人类已经“倒退”。 他们说人类正在制造更多的废物、更多的污染和更多改变气候的气体。Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers to such reforms, including weak enforcement systems. 报告称，废物预防措施和改进废物处理可以降低这些成本。 但报告指出，此类改革存在重大障碍，包括执法体系薄弱。 Negotiators are working toward a treaty to deal with the especially damaging and dangerous pollution from plastics. They are beginning a fourth round of talks in April. UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said she is hopeful they will complete the agreement by the end of this year.谈判人员正在努力达成一项条约，以应对塑料造成的极具破坏性和危险的污染。 他们将于四月开始第四轮会谈。 联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森表示，她希望双方能够在今年年底之前完成该协议。Environmentalists and fossil fuel producers continue to disagree about the terms of the agreement. They especially dispute whether the deal should center on reducing plastics production or increasing recycling and re-use. 环保主义者和化石燃料生产商仍然对该协议的条款存在分歧。 他们尤其争论该协议是否应集中于减少塑料产量或增加回收和再利用。 "There is an interest, and especially among the countries that are producing raw polymer, but as I keep telling them, this is not an anti-plastic treaty," Andersen told Reuters, noting there would still be a need for plastics in vehicles and medical equipment. 安德森对路透社表示：“人们有兴趣，特别是那些生产聚合物原料的国家，但正如我不断告诉他们的那样，这不是一项反塑料条约。”他指出，汽车和汽车仍然需要塑料。 医用器材。 Raw polymers are used in the creation of plastic materials. 原始聚合物用于制造塑料材料。 Andersen said she hopes no delegations would work to block progress on the treaty, but instead “find a way forward that actually takes into account the fact that we are drowning in plastic." 安德森表示，她希望没有任何代表团会努力阻止该条约的进展，而是“找到一条真正考虑到我们正被塑料淹没这一事实的前进道路”。 

Our very ancient animal ancestors had tails. Why don’t we have them now?我们非常古老的动物祖先有尾巴。为什么我们现在没有它们？ From the time of Charles Darwin, a scientist from the 1800s who studied evolutionary biology, scientists have questioned why and how this happened. 从 1800 年代研究进化生物学的科学家查尔斯·达尔文 (Charles Darwin) 时代起，科学家们就一直质疑这种现象为何以及如何发生。 The answer is somewhere around 20 million or 25 million years ago. That was the time apes, the group of animals humans are part of, split from another animal group, monkeys. During that split, our branch of the tree of life lost its tail. 答案是大约 2000 万或 2500 万年前。那时，猿猴是人类的动物群体，与另一个动物群体猴子分开。在那次分裂中，我们生命之树的树枝失去了尾巴。Now, scientists have identified at least one of the genetic differences that led to this change. 现在，科学家们已经确定了至少一个导致这一变化的遗传差异。 “We found a single mutation in a very important gene,” said Bo Xia. He is a geneticist at the Broad Institute and helped write the study recently released in the publication Nature. “我们在一个非常重要的基因中发现了一个突变，”夏波说。他是布罗德研究所的遗传学家，并帮助撰写了最近在《自然》杂志上发表的这项研究。 The researchers compared the genomes of six kinds of apes, including humans, and 15 kinds of monkeys with tails to find important differences between the groups. Once they identified an important mutation, they tested their theory by using the gene-editing tool CRISPR. They used it to change the same place in embryos of an animal often used in laboratories, mice. Those mice were born without tails. 研究人员比较了包括人类在内的六种猿类和 15 种有尾巴的猴子的基因组，以发现这些群体之间的重要差异。一旦他们发现了一个重要的突变，他们就使用基因编辑工具 CRISPR 测试了他们的理论。他们用它来改变实验室常用动物——小鼠——胚胎中的同一位置。这些老鼠生来就没有尾巴。 Xia said, however, that other genetic changes may also play a part in losing tails. 不过，夏说，其他基因变化也可能是导致尾巴脱落的原因之一。 Another mystery: Did having no tails help these ape ancestors – and eventually, humans – survive? Or was it just a chance mutation in a population that survived for other reasons? 另一个谜团：没有尾巴是否有助于这些猿类祖先以及最终人类的生存？或者这只是由于其他原因幸存下来的种群中的偶然突变？ “It could be random chance, but it could have brought a big evolutionary advantage,” said Miriam Konkel. She is an evolutionary geneticist at Clemson University, who was not involved in the study. “这可能是随机的机会，但它可能带来巨大的进化优势，”米里亚姆·康克尔说。她是克莱姆森大学的进化遗传学家，没有参与这项研究。As to why having no tails may have helped our ancestors, there are many interesting theories. They include some that link being tailless to learning to walk upright. 至于为什么没有尾巴可能对我们的祖先有帮助，有很多有趣的理论。其中一些将无尾与学习直立行走联系起来。 Rick Potts directs the Human Origins Project of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. He was not involved in the research. Potts suggests being tailless may have been a first step toward some apes standing upright, even before they left the trees. 里克·波茨 (Rick Potts) 是华盛顿特区史密森尼学会人类起源项目的负责人。他没有参与这项研究。波茨认为，无尾可能是一些猿类直立站立的第一步，甚至在它们离开树林之前也是如此。 Not all apes live on the ground today. Orangutans and gibbons are tailless apes that still live in trees. But Potts notes that they move very differently than monkeys, who move along the tops of branches, using their tails for balance. Those apes hang below branches, holding onto the branches with their arms while hanging largely upright. 今天，并非所有猿类都生活在地面上。猩猩和长臂猿是仍然生活在树上的无尾猿。但波茨指出，它们的移动方式与猴子非常不同，猴子沿着树枝顶部移动，用尾巴来保持平衡。这些猿类悬挂在树枝下方，用手臂抓住树枝，同时基本上直立悬挂。 New York University biologist Itai Yanai helped write the study. He said that losing our tails was clearly a large change. But the only way to truly know the reason “would be to invent a time machine,” he said. 纽约大学生物学家 Itai Yanai 帮助撰写了这项研究。他说，失去尾巴显然是一个很大的变化。但他说，真正了解原因的唯一方法“就是发明一台时间机器”。 

Fforest Fawr is an old woodland area with broadleaf trees and important archaeological features, but there are diseased larch trees that need to be removed. They've been individually felled and then dragged out of the forest by a team of four horses. 威尔士大森林是一片古老的林地，这里长有阔叶树，而且极具可用于重要考古研究的特征，但同时也有患病的落叶松需要被清除。这些病树被一一砍倒，然后由一支由四匹马组成的队伍拖出森林。 Horse logging was used for thousands of years before machinery took over. Now, it's making a comeback because it has much less impact on the environment in areas like Fforest Fawr and can even help to fertilise the land.在机器取代伐木工作前，用马运输树木的技术已被沿用了数千年。现在，用马运输树木的方法再度流行，因为它对威尔士大森林等地区的环境影响要远小于机器运输所造成的影响，甚至可以为途经的土地施肥。 Natural Resources Wales, who manage Fforest Fawr, say that horses will be used at other locations in the future. 负责管理威尔士大森林的威尔士自然资源部表示，未来用马运输树木的方法也将被推广到其它地区。 词汇表woodland area 林地区域archaeological features 具有考古价值的特征diseased 患病的，生病的felled 被砍伐，被砍倒dragged 拖，拉horse logging 用马匹运输树木took over 接管，取代making a comeback 再度流行fertilise 施肥

Humans can be poor judges of their own ability. So, you might not be as good, or as bad, as you think you are. Psychologists have found the less expertise you have in something, the more likely you are to overestimate your competence in it. And in a digital era where self-assured social media influencers give you 'life hacks', and face-to-face conversation is more limited, this psychological phenomenon seems important to remember. 人类对自己的能力判断不佳。所以，你可能不像你想象的那么好，也可能不像你想象的那么坏。心理学家发现，你在某件事上的专业知识越少，你就越有可能高估自己在这方面的能力。在数字时代，自信的社交媒体影响者为你提供“生活窍门”，而面对面的对话更加有限，记住这种心理现象似乎很重要。 This concept is called the Dunning-Kruger effect, named after the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 90s, they found a correlation between a person's lack of skills and ability and a lack of awareness of lack of ability. They are ignorant to their own limitations. This plays out in various areas of life, such as in medical diagnosis. For example, Dunning told BBC Radio 4 that, one third of the time, doctors disagree with patients who self-diagnose using internet sources rather than seeing a medical professional. Whether it's judging jokes, logical reasoning, or grammar, the pattern is the same: the less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are. 这个概念被称为邓宁-克鲁格效应，以心理学家大卫·邓宁和贾斯汀·克鲁格的名字命名。早在90年代，他们就发现一个人缺乏技能和能力与缺乏对能力缺乏的认识之间存在关联。他们对自己的局限性一无所知。这体现在生活的各个领域，例如医疗诊断。例如，邓宁告诉 BBC 广播四台，三分之一的情况下，医生不同意患者使用互联网资源进行自我诊断而不是去看医疗专业人员。无论是判断笑话、逻辑推理还是语法，模式都是一样的：你越不熟练，你就越过度自信。 On the flip side is intellectual humility. This means having a modest or low view of your importance or abilities. Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso, Professor of Psychology at Pepperdine University, found that a higher willingness to acknowledge cognitive limitations, and the ability to embrace diverse perspectives, is connected with a more accurate perception of intelligence. 另一方面是知识分子的谦逊。这意味着对自己的重要性或能力持谦虚或低的看法。佩珀代因大学心理学教授伊丽莎白·J·克鲁姆雷-曼库索发现，承认认知局限性的更高意愿以及接受不同观点的能力与对智力的更准确感知有关。 How can we use this knowledge to help us in everyday life? Tenelle Porter, a psychologist at Rowan University, told the BBC that knowing this "opens us up to being intellectually humble, to admitting everything that we don't yet know". And current studies suggest that those with higher intellectual humility are more open to negotiating, compromising and exploring information. 我们如何利用这些知识来帮助我们的日常生活？罗文大学心理学家特内尔·波特告诉英国广播公司，了解这一点“让我们在智力上变得谦虚，承认我们还不知道的一切”。目前的研究表明，那些智力谦逊的人更愿意谈判、妥协和探索信息。 So, embrace the unknown and remember, there's always more to learn. 因此，拥抱未知并记住，总是有更多东西需要学习。词汇表judge 评判者，裁判expertise 专业知识overestimate 高估competence 能力self-assured 自信的phenomenon 现象lack 缺乏ignorant 无知的limitation 局限skilled 有技能的over-confident 过度自信的，自负的intellectual humility 智性谦逊，认识并承认自己能力的局限性modest 谦逊的willingness 意愿perspective 观点，看待问题的角度humble 谦虚的

The pilots started their jet engines on a runway in the United Arab Emirates city of Dubai on Wednesday. But they were not preparing to fly an aircraft. They themselves would fly — in the first-ever “jet suit race.” 周三，飞行员在阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜市的跑道上启动了喷气发动机。 但他们并不准备驾驶飞机。 他们自己也会飞——参加有史以来第一次“喷气服竞赛”。 The seven pilots with jet engines on their backs raced along the tall buildings of Dubai like a scene from the movie Iron Man. 七名背负喷气发动机的飞行员沿着迪拜的高楼大厦飞驰，就像电影《钢铁侠》中的场景。 “The closest analogy would be that dream of flying... and then going wherever your mind is taking you,” said Richard Browning. He is the founder and chief test pilot for Gravity Industries, the company that held the race with Dubai. “最接近的类比是飞行的梦想……然后去任何你想去的地方，”理查德·布朗宁说。 他是举办迪拜比赛的 Gravity Industries 公司的创始人和首席试飞员。 Browning added that the movie created the scene using computer technology, but his company did it “for real.” 布朗宁补充说，这部电影使用计算机技术创建了这个场景，但他的公司是“真实的”。 The pilots wore 1,500-horsepower jet suits for the race. Those engines have more mechanical power than most sports cars and use the same fuel as the Airbus A380 and Boeing 777 passenger jets. 飞行员穿着 1,500 马力的喷气服参加比赛。 这些发动机比大多数跑车具有更多的机械功率，并且使用与空客 A380 和波音 777 客机相同的燃料。 Then came what pilot Issa Kalfon called “the moment of truth.” The engines roared and pilots jumped and leaned forward. And they took off like a helicopter. 然后就是飞行员伊萨·卡尔方所说的“关键时刻”。 发动机轰鸣，飞行员们跳了起来，身体前倾。 他们像直升机一样起飞了。Organizers said they took off from the runway next to the water to enable higher speeds. The jet suit currently can reach speeds of 128 kilometers an hour, Gravity Industries said. It is also safer for the pilots to fly short distances above water. 组织者表示，他们从靠近水边的跑道起飞，以实现更高的速度。 Gravity Industries 表示，这款喷气式飞机目前的速度可达每小时 128 公里。 对于飞行员来说，在水面上短距离飞行也更安全。 Kalfon, who won the race, said he was nervous before his flight. “Everything’s hot, it’s running, the engines are screaming at you,” Kalfon said. But he said the jet suit was safe and easy to handle. 赢得比赛的卡尔丰表示，他在起飞前很紧张。 “一切都很热，它正在运转，引擎在向你尖叫，”卡尔方说。 但他表示，这套喷气式飞机安全且易于操作。 There was one crash during Wednesday’s race. 周三的比赛期间发生了一起车祸。 Emirati pilot Ahmed al-Shehhi smashed into the water, going feet first but immediately came to the surface to give a thumbs-up to rescuers. An announcer described him as having just 12 days of training before the race. 阿联酋飞行员艾哈迈德·谢希 (Ahmed al-Shehhi) 坠入水中，脚先着地，但立即浮出水面，向救援人员竖起大拇指。 一位播音员形容他在赛前只进行了12天的训练。 “It’s pretty amazing to see that they can do this in Dubai, and they have these guys flying over the water,” said Jennifer Ross, an American who lives in Dubai. “It’s kind of like astronauts flying around in space.” 居住在迪拜的美国人詹妮弗·罗斯 (Jennifer Ross) 表示：“看到他们能在迪拜做到这一点，而且他们让这些家伙飞过水面，真是太神奇了。” “这有点像宇航员在太空中飞行。”With its beaches, bars and buildings, Dubai has long been a city known for its love of aviation. The city is home to the world’s busiest airport for international travel. It also has been developing the idea of flying taxis for several years. 凭借其海滩、酒吧和建筑，迪拜长期以来一直是一座因热爱航空而闻名的城市。 该市拥有世界上最繁忙的国际旅行机场。 多年来，该公司一直在开发飞行出租车的想法。There are risks to jet suit travel, however. 然而，乘坐喷气式飞机旅行也存在风险。 In 2020, Vincent Reffet died in a crash during training for a different flying project. He was famous for once flying alongside a two-level Emirates A380 jet. 2020 年，文森特·雷菲特 (Vincent Refet) 在另一个飞行项目的训练期间因坠机事故身亡。 他因曾与两层阿联酋航空 A380 喷气式飞机一起飞行而闻名。 

A group of South Korean rappers in their eighties has become popular in their hometown and beyond. The group raps about farm life and bringing energy to a quiet rural area threatened by shrinking population. 一群八十多岁的韩国说唱歌手在家乡内外走红。 该乐队讲述了农场生活，并为受到人口减少威胁的安静农村地区带来了活力。 The group is called Suni and the Seven princesses. They have become famous in their local area since starting out at a community center last August in Chilgok County. The area is southeast of the capital, Seoul. 这个团体被称为苏尼和七公主。 自从去年八月在漆谷郡的一个社区中心开始，他们就在当地出名了。 该地区位于首都首尔东南部。 "It feels like I'm getting younger...Even if I'm old, I'm excited," said 81-year-old Park Jeom-sun of a recent performance at a school. She is the leader of the group and known as Suni. “感觉自己越来越年轻了……即使我老了，我也很兴奋，”81 岁的朴全善 (Park Jeom-sun) 在谈到最近在一所学校的表演时说道。 她是该组织的领导者，被称为苏妮。 At first, they had a small fan group of 150 people, but the group’s popularity spread. They have been asked to perform in nearby towns and to appear on TV shows. Their videos have gained more than 77,000 views on YouTube. 起初，他们只有一个150人的小粉丝群，但这个群体的知名度不断扩大。 他们被要求在附近的城镇表演并出现在电视节目中。 他们的视频在 YouTube 上的观看次数已超过 77,000 次。Their success comes as South Korea is about to become a “super-ageing” country as early as next year. One fifth of the country’s population is over the age of 65. 他们的成功之际，韩国最早将于明年成为“超级老龄化”国家。 该国五分之一的人口年龄超过 65 岁。 Rural areas like Chilgok are shrinking as young people move away to the cities and fewer of them have children. 随着年轻人搬到城市，而且生孩子的人越来越少，漆谷等农村地区正在萎缩。 Park said, "In the past, it felt like I'm living in a really busy town, but now it's not good. There are no people here anymore." 朴说：“以前，我感觉自己生活在一个非常繁忙的城镇，但现在情况不太好，这里已经没有人了。” Park said she and the group feel like they are reliving their youth when they perform in clothes like funny hats and baggy pants and wear metal jewelry. 帕克说，当她和乐队穿着滑稽的帽子和宽松的裤子并佩戴金属珠宝进行表演时，他们感觉自己正在重温青春。 Their songs tell about rural life with lines like: "Picking chili from a chili farm...Picking watermelon from a watermelon farm. So happy to be back home!" 他们的歌曲讲述了乡村生活，歌词是：“从辣椒农场摘辣椒……从西瓜农场摘西瓜。回家真高兴！” Watermelon and chili are popular crops in the area. 西瓜和辣椒是该地区受欢迎的农作物。 The group members have known each other since they were young. They could not receive an education during the years after the Korean War. In 2016, they all took an adult education class to learn how to read and write the Korean alphabet, Hangul. 小组成员从小就认识。 朝鲜战争结束后的几年里，他们无法接受教育。 2016年，他们都参加了成人教育课程，学习如何读写韩语字母韩文。Last year, Park came across a rap performance on the internet and the group decided to learn rap from their Hangul teacher. They wanted to form a senior group, rapping about rural life. 去年，朴在网上看到了一场说唱表演，小组决定向韩文老师学习说唱。 他们想组建一个老年团体，以说唱方式讲述乡村生活。 Their first performance came at a school play at the same community center where they met for their Hangul classes. 他们的第一次表演是在他们上韩文课的同一个社区中心的学校戏剧中。Inspired by the success of Suni and the Seven Princesses, four other rap groups of older South Koreans have appeared in Chilgok. Some formed with the idea of keeping their minds strong and to not feel alone. 受到孙妮和七公主成功的启发，另外四个由韩国老年人组成的说唱团体也在漆谷出现。 有些人的想法是保持坚强，不感到孤独。 Park's proud 27-year-old granddaughter, Kang Hye-eun, believes her grandmother is the most famous person of Chilgok. Park 骄傲的 27 岁孙女 Kang Hye-eun 认为她的祖母是漆谷最著名的人物。 She said, “I thought only celebrities become popular on social media, but my grandmother is there now.” 她说：“我以为只有名人才会在社交媒体上走红，但现在我的祖母也在那里了。” 

This is the sound of Nasa's Perseverance rover hard at work on the surface of the Red Planet. It landed on Mars 15 months ago. Since then, it's been on the move, trundling more than seven miles across the dry and dusty terrain.这是美国国家航空航天局的 “毅力号” 漫游探测器在火星表面努力工作时的声音。它在15个月前登陆火星。自那以后，它争分夺秒地进行探测任务，已经在干燥多尘的地表上行驶了七英里多。Now it's reached its target: a delta where a river once flowed into a huge lake billions of years ago. Scientists think the sediments there could contain signs of ancient life, possibly microbes that once lived in the Martian waters.现在它到达了目的地：一个三角洲，数十亿年前一条河流曾在这里流入一个大湖。科学家认为，那里的沉积物可能含有古代生命的迹象，有可能是曾经生活在火星水域的微生物。The rover will climb up the front of the delta and search for the most promising rocks, drilling into them to collect samples. And some of these could be heading back to Earth – a future mission is currently being planned to retrieve them.探测器将爬上三角洲的前端，寻找可能与微生物有过接触或被微生物改变的岩石，在它们上面钻孔收集样本。“毅力号” 采集的一些样本可能会被送到地球，目前正在计划一个未来的任务将样本一一取回。词汇表rover 探测器trundling 慢慢地移动dusty 多尘的sediments 沉积物microbes 微生物Martian 火星的drilling 钻孔，打眼

A long-term study in China has shown that a series of changes take place in the brains of people who get Alzheimer’s disease long before they present signs of the sickness. 中国的一项长期研究表明，早在阿尔茨海默病患者出现症状之前，他们的大脑就发生了一系列变化。The large study followed middle-aged and older adults for 20 years. The individuals were examined on a regular basis during that period. The researchers used brain imaging, spinal fluid checks and other tools to collect data. 这项大型研究对中老年人进行了长达 20 年的跟踪调查。 在此期间，这些人定期接受检查。 研究人员使用脑成像、脊髓液检查和其他工具来收集数据。 The researchers reported that the study subjects who later developed Alzheimer’s showed high levels of disease-linked protein in their spinal fluid. The higher levels were recorded as much as 18 years before the patients were identified as having Alzheimer's.研究人员报告说，后来患上阿尔茨海默氏症的研究对象的脊髓液中显示出高水平的疾病相关蛋白。 在患者被确诊患有阿尔茨海默氏症之前 18 年，该水平就出现了较高的记录。 Then every few years, the study detected another so-called biomarker of coming trouble. 然后每隔几年，这项研究就会检测到另一种所谓的即将出现麻烦的生物标志物。 Scientists still do not know exactly how Alzheimer’s forms. The disease slowly destroys the brain, interfering with the ability to think. Alzheimer’s patients develop proteins called beta-amyloid and tau, which over time build up into plaques that block brain processes. 科学家们仍然不知道阿尔茨海默氏症是如何形成的。 这种疾病会慢慢破坏大脑，干扰思考能力。 阿尔茨海默氏症患者体内会产生一种叫做 β-淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白的蛋白质，随着时间的推移，这些蛋白质会形成斑块，阻碍大脑的活动。The new research, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, offers a timeline for how these proteins develop. 这项发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的新研究提供了这些蛋白质如何发育的时间表。 The study’s importance “cannot be overstated,” said Dr. Richard Mayeux, an Alzheimer’s specialist at Columbia University who was not involved in the research. 没有参与这项研究的哥伦比亚大学阿尔茨海默病专家理查德·梅耶克斯博士说，这项研究的重要性“怎么强调都不为过”。“Knowledge of the timing of these physiological events is critical” for testing new ways of treating and maybe even preventing Alzheimer’s, he wrote in a piece published alongside the study report. 他在与研究报告一起发表的一篇文章中写道，“了解这些生理事件发生的时间对于测试治疗甚至预防阿尔茨海默病的新方法至关重要”。 Scientists already knew that in rare, genetic forms of Alzheimer’s that affect young people, a poisonous form of amyloid starts developing about 20 years ahead of symptoms. At some point after that, tau develops as well. 科学家们已经知道，在影响年轻人的罕见阿尔茨海默氏症遗传形式中，有毒的淀粉样蛋白在症状出现前约 20 年就开始形成。 此后的某个时刻，tau 蛋白也会发育。 The new findings show the order of such biomarker changes common to age-related Alzheimer’s. 新发现显示了与年龄相关的阿尔茨海默病常见的生物标志物变化顺序。 Researchers with Beijing’s Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders compared 648 people who were later found with Alzheimer’s to an equal number who remained healthy. The amyloid finding in future Alzheimer’s patients was the main discovery. 北京神经疾病创新中心的研究人员将 648 名后来被发现患有阿尔茨海默病的人与同等数量的健康人进行了比较。 在未来的阿尔茨海默氏症患者中发现的淀粉样蛋白是主要发现。 Differences in tau were found next, followed by a marker of trouble in how neurons communicate. A few years after that, the study found differences in brain shrinkage and cognitive test scores between the two groups. 接下来发现了 tau 蛋白的差异，然后是神经元通讯方式出现问题的标志。 几年后，研究发现两组之间的大脑萎缩和认知测试分数存在差异。 “The more we know about viable Alzheimer’s treatment targets and when to address them, the better and faster we will be able to develop new therapies and preventions,” said Claire Sexton, director of scientific programs with the Alzheimer’s Association. She noted that blood tests are coming soon that promise to also help by making it easier to find amyloid and tau. “我们对可行的阿尔茨海默病治疗目标以及何时解决这些目标了解得越多，我们就能更好更快地开发新的疗法和预防措施，”阿尔茨海默病协会科学项目主任克莱尔·塞克斯顿说。 她指出，血液测试即将推出，这也有望帮助更容易地找到淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白。 More than 6 million Americans, and millions more worldwide, have Alzheimer’s. There is no cure. 超过 600 万美国人以及全世界数以百万计的人患有阿尔茨海默病。 没有治愈方法。 But last year, Leqembi became the first approved drug that could slow the worsening of early Alzheimer’s for a few months. The drug works by clearing away some of the amyloid protein. Other drugs are being developed to target tau. 但去年，Leqembi 成为第一个获批的药物，可以在几个月内减缓早期阿尔茨海默病的恶化。 该药物的作用是清除一些淀粉样蛋白。 其他针对 tau 蛋白的药物正在开发中。 

Do you remember all those cicada videos from the United States in 2021? 你还记得2021年美国那些蝉视频吗？ Well, prepare for a repeat performance this year. The insect show begins as early as April. 好吧，准备今年重演吧。 昆虫展最早于四月开始。 Two groups of cicadas, brood XIII and brood XIX, are expected to come out from the ground to mate and lay eggs this year. Their appearance in the same year is rare. The last time it happened was 1803. 预计今年会有两组蝉，即第十三窝和第十九窝蝉从地里出来交配并产卵。 他们同年出现的情况实属罕见。 上一次发生这种情况是在 1803 年。Brood XIII is on a 17-year cycle. They will be found in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Kentucky. Brood XIX is on a 13-year cycle. They will come out in an area stretching from Indiana and Illinois southeast to the southern states of Alabama and Georgia. 《巢穴 XIII》以 17 年为一个周期。 它们分布在中西部的伊利诺伊州、爱荷华州、威斯康星州和肯塔基州。 《Brood XIX》以 13 年为一个周期。 他们将出现的地区从印第安纳州和伊利诺伊州东南部延伸到南部的阿拉巴马州和佐治亚州。 Scientists expect more than one trillion cicadas to appear in some small areas where the two broods are close to each other. The insects will begin to climb out of the ground when the soil warms to about 18 degrees Celsius. So they will be seen in warmer southern areas as early as April. It will be closer to summer, sometime in June, before the cicadas arise to the north in Wisconsin, Indiana and other Midwestern states. 科学家预计超过一万亿只蝉会出现在两窝蝉彼此靠近的一些小区域。 当土壤变暖到18摄氏度左右时，昆虫就会开始爬出地面。 因此，最早在四月就可以在温暖的南部地区看到它们。 六月的某个时候，夏天将临近，此时蝉会在威斯康星州、印第安纳州和其他中西部各州的北部出现。 Cicadas are large, noisy insects, from about 2.5 to 5 centimeters long. Like most insects, they have wings. They also have big “bulging” eyes. There are thousands of species of cicada around the world. 蝉是一种大型、吵闹的昆虫，长约 2.5 至 5 厘米。 像大多数昆虫一样，它们有翅膀。 他们还有“凸出”的大眼睛。 世界各地有数千种蝉。 The huge majority of cicada species arise each year, or annually. Then there are the periodicals which arrive after numerous years in the ground. 绝大多数蝉物种每年都会出现。 还有一些在地下多年后才出现的期刊。The periodical cicadas emerge to mate. 周期性蝉出现交配。The male cicadas make a thrumming sound with their wings on their bodies to call for mating. The “singing” appeals to females. The insects mate and leave their fertilized eggs on trees. The resulting young fall to the ground after breaking out of their shells. They dig down into the ground where they live for years, feeding on the liquid that comes from tree roots. 雄性蝉用身体上的翅膀发出嗡嗡的声音，以求交配。 “歌声”对女性有吸引力。 这些昆虫交配并将受精卵留在树上。 由此产生的幼崽破壳后掉落在地上。 它们在生活了多年的地下挖洞，以树根的液体为食。 Seven of the nine known periodical cicadas live in North America. Of the other two groups, one is in India and one is found only on the island country of Fiji. 已知的九种周期性蝉中有七种生活在北美。 另外两组中，一组在印度，一组仅在岛国斐济发现。 Floyd Shockley is an insect scientist, or entomologist, with the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He said this year’s group of cicadas will include four different Magicada species within the XIX brood. 弗洛伊德·肖克利 (Floyd Shockley) 是华盛顿特区史密森尼学会国家自然历史博物馆的一名昆虫科学家或昆虫学家。他说，今年的蝉群将包括 XIX 窝中的四种不同的 Magicada 物种。 The next time brood XIX and brood XIII will come out in the same year will be in 2245. 下一次《巢穴 XIX》和《巢穴 XIII》同年推出是在 2245 年。 

Trying to grow grass in the deserts or other dry places can seem like a losing battle. As a result, many people who live in such climates will use rocks, gravel, or man-made materials as groundcover instead of grass. 尝试在沙漠或其他干燥的地方种草似乎是一场失败的战斗。 因此，许多生活在这种气候下的人会使用岩石、砾石或人造材料作为地被植物，而不是草。 But there are several tough, low-growing groundcovers that perform well in dry climates. They may not be able to survive the foot traffic that fake grass can. But they appeal to environmentally helpful insects and in many cases make your property look better. 但有几种坚韧、生长缓慢的地被植物在干燥气候下表现良好。 它们可能无法像假草那样承受人流。 但它们会吸引对环境有益的昆虫，并且在许多情况下会让您的财产看起来更好。Desert marigold, or Baileya multiradiata, is one such plant. The groundcover has pretty yellow blossoms and silver leaves. They bloom in the spring. The plant requires very little water. However, it lives only one season. People who want desert marigold must plant it every year. 沙漠万寿菊（Baileya multiradiata）就是这样的一种植物。 地被植物有漂亮的黄色花朵和银色叶子。 它们在春天开花。 该植物需要很少的水。 然而，它只活一个季节。 想要沙漠万寿菊的人必须每年种植它。 Gold Mound lantana, known as Lantana camara, is a bushy plant usually just over a half-meter tall. Its yellow flowers bloom on and off from spring through autumn and it has low to moderate water needs. 金丘马缨丹，又名马缨丹，是一种浓密的植物，通常只有半米多高。 它的黄色花朵从春季到秋季断断续续地绽放，对水的需求量较低至中等。 Its relative, trailing lantana, or Lantana montevidensis, grows horizontally. Its purple blossoms brighten the garden year-round. The groundcover has moderate water needs. It favors full sunlight but can survive partial sunlight. 它的亲戚，蔓生马缨丹，或称蒙特维登马缨丹，水平生长。 它的紫色花朵全年照亮花园。 地被植物对水的需求适中。 它喜欢充足的阳光，但也能在部分阳光下生存。 Trailing indigo, or Dalea greggii, is another groundcover that grows well in dry climates. The long-lived plant has blue-gray leaves and pink or purple pea-shaped flowers. It blooms from spring through summer in full or partial sunlight. The plant, which can spread to three meters wide, has very low water needs but could use some watering while in bloom. 拖尾靛蓝（Dalea greggii）是另一种在干燥气候下生长良好的地被植物。 这种长寿的植物有蓝灰色的叶子和粉红色或紫色的豌豆形花朵。 它从春天到夏天在全部或部分阳光下开花。 这种植物可以蔓延至三米宽，对水的需求量非常低，但在开花时可以进行一些浇水。Silverbush, also known as Convolvulus cneorum, is a fast-growing evergreen that, in the desert, blooms for about two weeks in spring. The 60-centimeter-tall plant has yellow-centered white flowers with silver leaves. 银灌木，也称为新旋花，是一种快速生长的常绿植物，在沙漠中，春季开花约两周。 这种植物高 60 厘米，开着黄色中心的白色花朵和银色的叶子。 White evening primrose, Oenothera caespitosa, is usually covered in blooms from spring through summer. But they are only open from late afternoon into morning. The white blossoms develop to light pink, and then darken to deep pinkish-purple. The plant has moderate water needs and performs best in full sun to part shade. 白色月见草（Oenothera caespitosa）通常从春季到夏季都盛开。 但它们只从下午晚些时候开放到早上。 白色的花朵逐渐变成浅粉色，然后变成深粉色紫色。 该植物对水的需求适中，在充足的阳光和部分遮荫下表现最好。Early spring is the best time to plant these groundcovers in desert climates. 早春是在沙漠气候下种植这些地被植物的最佳时机。 Gently loosen the soil to about 30 centimeters deep, removing stones and other hard material to permit a clear path for roots. Give some space between the plants. Add mulch or wood chips to keep soil temperature even, prevent weeds, and help hold water.轻轻地松土至约 30 厘米深，清除石头和其他坚硬物质，为根部留出畅通的路径。 在植物之间留出一些空间。 添加覆盖物或木片以保持土壤温度均匀，防止杂草生长并帮助保持水分。 The best time of day to water the groundcovers is in the morning. To avoid root rot, water the groundcover only when, and as soon as, the soil is completely dry. 一天中给地被植物浇水的最佳时间是早上。 为了避免根部腐烂，只有在土壤完全干燥时才给地被植物浇水。 

This flying reptile soared over the heads of dinosaurs when Scotland was part of a sub-tropical island in the Middle Jurassic period. Scientists found its wings, shoulders, leg and backbone embedded in limestone rock on a beach. Only the skull was missing. To protect it, the fragile fossil was transported from Skye in the researchers' backpacks.在侏罗纪中期，当时苏格兰仍是亚热带岛屿的一部分，这种飞行爬行动物就曾在恐龙头顶上空飞翔。科学家们在一片海滩上的石灰岩中发现了它的翅膀、肩膀、腿部和脊骨部分的化石。只有头骨不见踪影。为了保护它们，这些脆弱的化石被装进研究人员的背包中进行运输。This creature is called Ceoptera meaning mist in Scottish Gaelic. Fossils from this era are extremely rare, and the discovery changes what's known about the flying reptiles. Experts now believe they lived much earlier and had a global distribution. It had been thought that they mostly lived in China. The fossil was found in 2006, but it took years of painstaking work to extract it from the hard rock for classification.这种新发现的翼龙被命名为 “雾翼龙（Ceoptera）”，在苏格兰盖尔语中指 “薄雾”。侏罗纪中期时代的化石极其罕见，这一发现改变了人们对该时期飞行爬行动物的认识。专家们现在认为，翼龙生活的时期比预想得更早，而且它们曾遍布全球各地。早前人们一直认为翼龙大多生活在中国。尽管这些化石于2006年被发现，但考古学家们在经过多年的辛勤工作后才得以将化石从坚硬的岩石中提取出来以对其进行分类。词汇表soared 飞翔，翱翔embedded 嵌入…之中的fossil 化石distribution 分布painstaking 极其仔细的，艰苦的classification 分类

Can you imagine living in a city without roads on the surface? We've already put trains underground successfully, but the idea of building roads underground is now inspiring urban planners and engineers. Bradley Garrett, author of 'Subterranean London', says that there's something magical about things happening out of sight, that it "gives the illusion of seamlessness". So, how might underground roads reshape our cities and redefine the daily commute?你能想象生活在一个没有路面的城市里吗？ 我们已经成功地将火车埋入地下，但在地下修建道路的想法现在正在激发城市规划者和工程师的灵感。 《伦敦地下》一书的作者布拉德利·加勒特 (Bradley Garrett) 表示，在视线之外发生的事情有一些神奇之处，它“给人一种无缝的错觉”。 那么，地下道路将如何重塑我们的城市并重新定义日常通勤？"If you want to revitalise the city centre, you pedestrianise the roads," says Tom Ireland, the director of tunnelling at engineering company Aurecon. Moving roads below the surface can free up space for parks, pavement cafes, and other public amenities, improving the urban environment and mental health of the population. Not only that, it could reduce traffic congestion above ground, and who doesn't want to be freed from noise pollution and the sight of gridlocked traffic? “如果你想振兴市中心，你就需要在道路上修建步行街，”工程公司 Aurecon 的隧道工程总监汤姆·爱尔兰 (Tom Ireland) 说道。 将道路移至地下可以为公园、路边咖啡馆和其他公共设施腾出空间，从而改善城市环境和人们的心理健康。 不仅如此，它还可以减少地面交通拥堵，谁不想摆脱噪音污染和交通拥堵的困扰呢？Underground roads could also make self-driving cars more popular, which are often more energy-efficient, and less prone to collisions. This, in a world trying to reduce its fuel consumption, is appealing. But if driverless cars end up becoming more attractive than public transport, it could actually make traffic worse, because cars take up more space than trains and buses.地下道路还可以让自动驾驶汽车更受欢迎，因为自动驾驶汽车通常更节能，而且更不容易发生碰撞。 在一个努力减少燃料消耗的世界中，这一点很有吸引力。 但如果无人驾驶汽车最终变得比公共交通更有吸引力，它实际上可能会使交通状况变得更糟，因为汽车比火车和公共汽车占用更多的空间。That's not the only drawback that may come with a motorised world beneath our feet. The construction and maintenance of underground infrastructure are both hazardous and energy-intensive processes. On top of that, most people don't like the feeling of confinement you get when you're travelling through underground tunnels, which may affect public perception.这并不是我们脚下的机动世界可能带来的唯一缺点。 地下基础设施的建设和维护既危险又耗能。 最重要的是，大多数人不喜欢穿过地下隧道时的封闭感，这可能会影响公众的看法。Dreams of roadless, car-free cities bring both excitement and scepticism. We may fantasise about cityscapes made for pedestrians, but perhaps getting more people to use public transport rather than private vehicles would be more worth our time and resources.无路、无车城市的梦想既让人兴奋，也让人怀疑。 我们可能会幻想为行人打造的城市景观，但也许让更多的人使用公共交通工具而不是私家车更值得我们花时间和资源。词汇表urban planner 城市规划师the illusion of seamlessness 完美连贯的假象，无缝的错觉commute 上下班往返，通勤pedestrianise 设立步行街free up space 腾出空间public amenities 公共设施congestion 拥堵，堵塞noise pollution 噪声污染gridlocked traffic 交通堵塞self-driving car 自动驾驶汽车energy-efficient 节能的collision（车辆）碰撞，相撞fuel consumption 燃油消耗量，耗油量motorised 机动（化）的infrastructure 基础设施hazardous 危险的energy-intensive 耗能的roadless 无道路的car-free 无车的，车辆禁行的vehicle 车辆，交通工具

Scientists from Kew Gardens described almost 100 plants and fungi that were new to science last year, from a red-flowered orchid that grows on the top of an extinct volcano, to lichens clinging to rocks in Antarctica and a palm tree that thrives underground.邱园的科学家们记录了近100种新发现的植物和真菌，其中包括生长在死火山顶部的红色兰花、附着在南极岩石表面的苔藓和一棵在地下茁壮生长的棕榈树。They say the new species are a reminder of the beauty and wonder of the natural world and also a stark warning of the dangers of biodiversity loss and climate change.科学家们说，这些新物种让我们再次领略到了自然界的美丽与神奇，同时也对生物多样性丧失和气候变化的危险发出了严峻的警告。The scientists are calling for immediate protection for the newly-identified plants and fungi, but say some may have gone extinct even before they were given a formal scientific name.科学家们呼吁应立即对这些新命名的植物和真菌加以保护，但有些科学家说，一些新发现的植物和真菌可能在被给予正式的科学名称之前就已经灭绝了。Around three in four undescribed plants are threatened with extinction. Among them may be new sources of food, medicines and other things useful to humanity.约有四分之三尚未被描述的植物面临灭绝的威胁。而这些植物可能正是新的食物、药品和其它有益人类事物的来源。词汇表fungi 真菌orchid 兰花extinct （火山）不再活跃的，死的lichens 苔藓，地衣clinging to 附着thrives 茁壮生长underground 在地下的stark warning 严峻的警告biodiversity loss 生物多样性丧失newly-identified 新发现的extinct 灭绝的threatened 受到威胁的humanity 人类

Emperor penguins live in extreme conditions, coming together during the height of the Antarctic winter to breed in distinct groupings.帝企鹅生活在极端的气候条件下，它们在南极严冬时期聚集在一起，在各自不同的小群落中繁殖。 These colonies tend to be separated from each other by an average of about 150 miles. Scientists have been using satellites to search the gaps in this spacing for birds they didn't know about, and they found four previously unrecognised nesting sites. 这些帝企鹅群彼此之间的距离平均约为150英里。科学家们一直在使用卫星在这个间隔中寻找仍未被发现的帝企鹅，而他们这次发现了四个以前未被识别的筑巢地。Emperors will only breed on floating sea ice, which is already becoming highly variable and is expected to diminish greatly this century as global temperatures warm.帝企鹅只在浮冰上繁殖，而浮冰量现在时多时少，随着全球气温变暖，预计浮冰面积将会在本世纪大幅减少。词汇表extreme conditions 极端气候条件，极端环境the height of 高峰，极致breed 繁殖groupings 分组，群colonies （动物的）群spacing 间距previously unrecognised 以前未被发现的nesting sites 筑巢地floating 浮动的，漂浮的diminish 减少

The researchers say if you joined up all the hedgerows in England, they would stretch almost ten times around the Earth. Their map, which is based on laser scanning hedges from the air rather than scaling up information from field surveys, gives a more complete picture of the quality and quantity of hedgerows across the country.研究人员们说，如果你把英格兰所有的树篱连起来，得到的长度可以绕地球近十圈。研究人员使用的地图是基于从空中对树篱进行激光扫描绘制而成的，不是靠扩大实地调查得到的信息制成的，因此更全面地反映了英格兰各地树篱的质量及数量。The South West boasts the most hedges, led by Cornwall. Excluding big urban areas such as London and Merseyside, Surrey, Hampshire and Berkshire are the counties with the least.英格兰西南部拥有的树篱数量最多，其中康沃尔郡排在首位。除去伦敦、默西塞德等大城市地区，萨里郡、汉普郡和伯克郡拥有的树篱数量最少。The scientists hope their new data will help restore a vital habitat for wildlife that also stores large amounts of carbon. Thousands of miles of hedgerows have been lost since the 1950s to intensive farming and development. And the government has set ambitious new targets to reverse this decline.科学家们希望新数据将有助于使树篱恢复生机，它不仅是野生动物的重要栖息地，还能吸收并储存大量的碳。自20世纪50年代以来，由于集约型农业和土地开发，数千英里的树篱已经消失不见。为了扭转树篱数量减少的趋势，英国政府已定下一系列重大的生态保护新目标。词汇表joined up 连起来，连接hedgerows （尤指田间或路边的）树篱laser scanning 激光扫描scaling up （按比例）扩大field surveys 野外调查，实地考察boasts 拥有（值得自豪的事物）counties 郡restore 修复，使恢复reverse 扭转

Are you feeling peckish? Maybe it's a while until your next meal, so perhaps now you're thinking about reaching for a brightly coloured packet with something delicious inside. Maybe it's time for a snack. You're not alone, we all do it – but just how much work goes into developing and making the snacks that we all know and love?你觉得饿吗？ 也许距离你的下一顿饭还有一段时间，所以你现在可能正在考虑拿一个颜色鲜艳的小包，里面装着一些美味的东西。 也许是时候吃点零食了。 您并不孤单，我们都这样做 - 但开发和制作我们都知道和喜爱的零食需要付出多少努力？First, companies have to work out what people have an appetite for. Traditionally, they might just have asked people about their snack habits. In today's digital age, apps can ask customers to swipe right on the flavours they fancy. Companies can search the internet for every restaurant menu in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients.首先，公司必须弄清楚人们的兴趣是什么。 传统上，他们可能只是询问人们的零食习惯。 在当今的数字时代，应用程序可以要求顾客向右滑动他们喜欢的口味。 公司可以在互联网上搜索特定市场中每家餐厅的菜单，寻找最新的口味趋势和需求的食材。Snack trends also change over time. When British supermarkets were encouraged to remove unhealthy snacks from the shelves next to where people queue up, companies were quick to provide healthier treats. They can also reflect different histories of migration. One British snack company found that flavours common in South Asian cuisine sold well in the UK, but less so in the US, where there is less of a tradition of Indian food. And demand for more sustainability has led some entrepreneurs to experiment with using insects as an alternative source of protein for snacks. Other brands market themselves as offering a fairer price to the producers of the raw ingredients. 零食趋势也会随着时间而变化。 当英国超市被鼓励从人们排队旁边的货架上撤下不健康的零食时，公司很快就提供了更健康的零食。 它们还可以反映不同的移民历史。 一家英国零食公司发现，南亚美食中常见的口味在英国卖得很好，但在美国却卖得不好，因为美国的印度食品传统较少。 对可持续性的需求促使一些企业家尝试使用昆虫作为零食的蛋白质替代来源。 其他品牌的营销方式是向原材料生产商提供更公平的价格。Of course, what might seem like the perfect idea might not actually be that practical. Ingredients that work well in a restaurant, might not work on a biscuit or crisp. Snacks that contain a lot of fresh ingredients may have too short a shelf life to be a viable product. Some designs might need expensive packaging to protect them, which stops them being profitable.当然，看似完美的想法实际上可能并不那么实用。 适用于餐厅的配料可能不适用于饼干或薯片。 含有大量新鲜成分的零食可能保质期太短，无法成为可行的产品。 有些设计可能需要昂贵的包装来保护它们，这会阻止它们盈利。There are many factors that influence our snacks. Those that are successful reflect our tastes and concerns but can be limited by the manufacturing process.影响我们零食的因素有很多。 那些成功的产品反映了我们的品味和关注点，但可能受到制造工艺的限制。词汇表peckish 有些饿的meal （一顿）饭，餐packet 小包，小袋delicious 美味的have an appetite for 对胃口，爱吃flavour （食物或饮料的）口味，味道menu 菜单taste 味道in-demand ingredient 热门的原料，需求量大的成分treat 零食cuisine 菜肴，烹饪protein 蛋白质raw ingredient 原材料biscuit 饼干crisp 薯片fresh ingredient 新鲜食材shelf life 保质期packaging 包装，包装材料

Now, pretty much everyone has a camera in their back pocket – in the form of a smartphone. It's easy to take hundreds of photos without needing to really consider set up or storage. And it's very hard to imagine that, at one time, capturing an image was an almost impossible process.现在，几乎每个人的后口袋里都有一个相机——以智能手机的形式。 您可以轻松拍摄数百张照片，而无需真正考虑设置或存储。 很难想象，捕捉图像曾经是一个几乎不可能的过程。Going back even before traditional film cameras, there were camera obscuras. These were boxes with a small hole in them. Through one side, an image could be projected onto a wall on the opposite side of the box. However, the picture was upside down, very faint, and couldn't be captured in physical form – a bit like the images we see on modern projectors. In 1839, a French artist managed to work out a way to store and save photographs. He projected the image onto a shiny metal plate treated with chemicals. These images were in black and white. The first colour photo ever taken was of a tartan ribbon. The image was composed of three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, blue or green filter.甚至在传统胶片相机出现之前，就已经有暗箱了。 这些是上面有一个小孔的盒子。 通过一侧，图像可以投影到盒子另一侧的墙上。 然而，图像是颠倒的，非常微弱，无法以物理形式捕捉——有点像我们在现代投影仪上看到的图像。 1839年，一位法国艺术家设法找到了一种存储和保存照片的方法。 他将图像投影到经过化学处理的闪亮金属板上。 这些图像是黑白的。 有史以来拍摄的第一张彩色照片是一条格子呢丝带。 该图像由三张黑白照片组成，每张照片都经过红色、蓝色或绿色滤镜拍摄。So, how did we get from these early photographs to the kind we put into a frame and keep? Before the digital revolution, an image was captured on a negative, and this method is still chosen by some photographers today. A negative is an inverted image on a small strip of glass or plastic film which can then be exposed to light and processed onto photographic paper. When this was the main source of obtaining physical copies of photographs, it was a lengthy process with customers having to take the negatives to a shop and wait for their pictures to be developed.那么，我们是如何从这些早期照片变成我们放入相框并保存的照片的呢？ 在数字革命之前，图像是在底片上拍摄的，如今一些摄影师仍然选择这种方法。 负片是一小片玻璃或塑料胶片上的倒置图像，然后可以将其曝光并冲洗到相纸上。 当这是获取照片实体副本的主要来源时，这是一个漫长的过程，顾客必须将底片带到商店并等待照片冲洗。That was until digital photography came along in the 70s. Digital cameras captured images that could be saved as files and manipulated on a computer. Those are the kind of photos we take today on our phones.直到 70 年代数码摄影出现。 数码相机捕获的图像可以保存为文件并在计算机上进行操作。 这些就是我们今天用手机拍摄的照片。So, don't take the camera in your pocket for granted. It's been years in the making.因此，不要认为口袋里有相机是理所当然的。 它已经酝酿多年了。词汇表smartphone 智能手机set up 设置storage 储存capture 拍摄，捕捉film cameras 胶片相机camera obscura 暗箱project 投映upside down 上下颠倒的faint 虚的，不清晰的projector 投影仪treat （用特殊物质）处理colour photo 彩照filter 滤镜frame 相框digital 数字的negative 底片inverted 颠倒的film 胶卷expose to 暴露于…process 冲洗加工（底片）photographic paper 相纸develop 冲洗（底片）manipulate 处理，修饰

You might have heard of the expression 'a guilty pleasure' – maybe it's the chocolate bar you buy on the way home from work, or the new clothes that you don't really need. It comes from the idea that when we treat ourselves, it can sometimes leave us feeling guilty. Perhaps we don't feel we deserved it, or we don't think it was a responsible way to spend our money. But should we feel like this? Do we really have to feel guilty about treating ourselves?您可能听说过“一种罪恶感的快乐”这个说法——也许是您在下班回家的路上买的巧克力，或者是您并不真正需要的新衣服。 它来自这样的想法：当我们对待自己时，有时会让我们感到内疚。 也许我们觉得我们不应该这样做，或者我们认为这不是一种负责任的花钱方式。 但我们应该有这样的感觉吗？ 我们真的需要为对待自己感到内疚吗？Perhaps not. Psychologists have suggested that buying things for yourself can make you feel better as it provides an opportunity to take control of your situation. It can give you social contact as well as a confidence boost from changes you make to your self-image. It may be that as well as lifting your mood, when you buy a treat, you might just be looking after yourself.也许不是。 心理学家建议，为自己买东西可以让你感觉更好，因为它提供了一个控制自己处境的机会。 它可以为您提供社交联系，并通过您对自我形象的改变来增强自信。 当您购买零食时，除了可以提振心情之外，您也可能只是为了照顾自己。Of course, there are also examples of people turning to destructive behaviour when faced with stressful circumstances. People might spend money that they don't have or turn to dangerous addictions. Psychologist Leon Seltzer considers the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurturing. Self-indulgence can be reckless and have negative consequences, while self-nurturing is taking responsible decisions to satisfy our needs and take care of ourselves in ways that don't have a significant impact.当然，也有一些人在面临压力的情况下转向破坏性行为的例子。 人们可能会花他们没有的钱或者陷入危险的成瘾行为。 心理学家 Leon Seltzer 思考了自我放纵和自我培养之间的区别。 自我放纵可能是鲁莽的，会产生负面后果，而自我培育则是做出负责任的决定，以满足我们的需求，并以不会产生重大影响的方式照顾自己。One stress that people may need to deal with is exam stress. Many universities publish guides with advice for coping with exam stress. Reflecting the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurture, they recommend rewarding yourself for your efforts, doing things that you enjoy and are good at so that you can feel accomplishment and to avoid things that may make you feel worse afterwards.人们可能需要应对的一种压力是考试压力。 许多大学发布了指南，提供应对考试压力的建议。 反映自我放纵和自我培养之间的区别，他们建议奖励自己的努力，做你喜欢和擅长的事情，这样你就能感受到成就感，并避免做那些可能会让你事后感觉更糟的事情。So perhaps, as long as we make responsible decisions, we shouldn't feel guilty about our guilty pleasures.因此，也许只要我们做出负责任的决定，我们就不应该为自己的罪恶感感到内疚。词汇表treat 善待，犒劳deserve 配得上，应得responsible 负责任的social contact 社会联系，社交confidence boost 增强自信，信心的提升self-image 自我形象lift your mood 振作你的精神，让你心情愉快look after 照顾，照料destructive behaviour 自毁行为stressful 有压力的，让人紧张的addiction 成瘾，上瘾self-indulgence 自我放纵，自我纵容self-nurturing 自我呵护，自我照顾reckless 轻率的，不顾后果的consequences 后果satisfy 使满足cope with 应对，处理reward 奖励，奖赏accomplishment 成就

Canada recently announced a two-year limit on the number of foreign students given permission to study in the country. The move is partly to ease a growing housing shortage.加拿大最近宣布对获准在该国学习的外国学生人数实行两年限制。 此举部分是为了缓解日益严重的住房短缺问题。Reuters news agency recently reported on some of the details of the plan:路透社最近报道了该计划的一些细节：Marc Miller is Canada’s immigration minister. Miller said the government led by the Liberal Party of Canada will introduce a temporary, two-year limit on student visas. That will result in about 364,000 student visas in 2024. The government said that is a cut of 35 percent from the year before.马克·米勒是加拿大移民部长。 米勒表示，加拿大自由党领导的政府将对学生签证实行临时的两年限制。 这将导致 2024 年大约有 364,000 个学生签证。政府表示，这比前一年减少了 35%。The new proposals will also set limits on postgraduate work permits issued to foreign students. The new limits will likely cause many postgraduate students to return to their home countries.新提案还将对向外国学生发放的研究生工作许可证设定限制。 新的限制可能会导致许多研究生返回祖国。The permits were formerly seen as an easy path to securing permanent residency. People in master’s or post-doctoral programs will be eligible for a three-year work permit.这些许可证以前被视为获得永久居留权的便捷途径。 硕士或博士后课程的人员将有资格获得三年期的工作许可证。However, people who are married to foreign students in undergraduate and lower-level college programs will no longer be able to receive work permits. The acceptance of new study permit requests in 2025 will be reconsidered at the end of the current year, Miller said.然而，与本科和较低级别大学课程的外国学生结婚的人将不再能够获得工作许可证。 米勒表示，今年年底将重新考虑是否接受 2025 年新的学习许可申请。Canada has become a popular place for international students. It has been easy to receive work permits after finishing study programs in the country. But the increase in international students has led to a shortage of rental homes. This has caused the price of rent to go up. In December, the cost of rent nationwide rose 7.7 percent from a year earlier, government data shows.加拿大已成为国际学生的热门之地。 在该国完成学习课程后很容易获得工作许可。 但国际学生的增加导致出租屋短缺。 这导致租金价格上涨。 政府数据显示，12月份全国租金成本同比上涨7.7%。Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s popularity has decreased partly because of increasing living costs. Opposition Conservative Party leader Pierre Poilievre has taken a lead over Trudeau in public opinion studies. Elections are expected to be held next year.总理贾斯汀·特鲁多的受欢迎程度下降，部分原因是生活成本增加。 反对党保守党领袖皮埃尔·普利耶夫在民意研究中领先于特鲁多。 预计将于明年举行选举。The government has also been concerned about the quality of education offered by some schools.政府还关注一些学校提供的教育质量。Canada’s government says international students bring in about $16.4 billion to the nation’s economy. The new policy will hurt many colleges and universities.加拿大政府表示，国际学生为国家经济带来了约 164 亿加元的收入。 新政策将伤害许多高校。Ontario, the most populous area, or province, has the biggest share of international students. Some businesses, including restaurants and retail industries, have warned that a limit on foreign students will create a shortage of temporary workers.安大略省是人口最多的地区或省，拥有最大比例的国际学生。 包括餐馆和零售业在内的一些企业警告说，对外国学生的限制将导致临时工短缺。For example, restaurants across Canada are dealing with a worker shortage. It is estimated there are nearly 100,000 available jobs. International students made up 4.6 percent of the 1.1 million workers in the food service industry in 2023, an unnamed industry group told Reuters.例如，加拿大各地的餐馆都面临着工人短缺的问题。 据估计，有近10万个就业岗位。 一个未透露姓名的行业组织告诉路透社，到 2023 年，食品服务行业的 110 万从业人员中，国际学生占 4.6%。Canadian banks will gain from the new rules for international students. Each student will be required to have a Guaranteed Investment Certificates (GIC) of more than $15,000. The amount is required for international students to be able to cover living costs. The new GIC is more than double the amount from the earlier policy.加拿大银行将从针对国际学生的新规则中受益。 每个学生都需要拥有超过 15,000 美元的担保投资证书 (GIC)。 国际学生需要这笔金额才能支付生活费用。 新的 GIC 金额是之前保单的两倍多。Many of Canada’s foreign students, about 40 percent, come from India. China coming in second with about 12 percent, official data from 2022 shows.加拿大的许多外国学生（约 40%）来自印度。 2022 年的官方数据显示，中国以约 12% 的比例位居第二。

This report confirms what many people have long suspected. More and more trees are being destroyed as forest fires are getting worse all over the world.这份报告证实了许多人长期以来的猜测：森林大火在世界各地频繁发生，越来越多的树木被烧毁。In 2021, an area the size of Portugal was lost, almost doubling the level of destruction since the turn of the century. Climate change is seen as a key driver of these fires with the rising temperatures creating the drier conditions that make trees susceptible to burning.在2021年，一片面积相当于葡萄牙的森林消失了，树木被烧毁程度几乎是世纪初的两倍。气候变化被视为森林大火发生的主要驱动因素：气温上升造成了更干燥的条件，使树木易于燃烧。Forests in northern areas, including Russia, are warming at a faster rate than the rest of the world. And this leads to longer fire seasons. In tropical locations, such as the Amazon, cutting down trees for agriculture and logging predominate. But the removal of tree cover dries out the land and makes the area more prone to fires.包括俄罗斯在内的北部地区的森林正以比世界其它地区更快的速度升温。这会导致火灾季节变长。在亚马逊等热带地区，农业伐木和木材采伐很常见。然而，去除遮蔽地表的树木使土地变干，该地区因而更容易发生火灾。The researchers say that curbing carbon emissions globally is key to stemming these losses. They say priorities also need to change with too much money currently spent fighting fires, and not enough on planning and preparation.研究人员们表示，抑制全球碳排放是止损的关键。他们说，资金用途的优先次序也需要改变，目前用于灭火的资金太多，而用于规划和准备的资金不足。词汇表doubling 翻一番susceptible 易受伤害的predominate 占主导地位prone 易遭受（问题或疾病）的curbing 抑制，遏制stemming 阻止

In February 1866, Charles Dickens threatened to move away from his part of Kent [in the UK] because of the loss of a Sunday postal service. “I should be so hampered by the proposed restriction” he writes, in a letter made public for the first time, “that I think it would force me to leave this part of the country.”1866年2月，查尔斯·狄更斯因周日邮政服务被取消而扬言要搬离他在英格兰肯特郡居住的区域。“这项拟议的限制将使我受到束缚。” 他在一封首次公开的书信中写道：“我认为这会迫使我搬离这里。”He says he believes his neighbours in Higham would be sorry to lose him. Emily Dunbar, a curator of the Charles Dickens Museum, says the letter is a great example of the author showing self-importance and his awareness of his great fame.他在信中还提到，他认为同住在肯特郡海厄姆的街坊邻居会因失去他而难过。查尔斯·狄更斯博物馆的一位策展人艾米莉·邓巴说，这封信很好地例证了作者所展现的自高自大，并深知自己名声在外。The correspondence going on show is among more than 300 items acquired by the Charles Dickens Museum, with the help of the National Heritage Memorial Fund, Art Fund, Friends of the National Libraries and the Dickens Fellowship.在英国国家遗产纪念基金、英国艺术基金会、英国国家图书馆之友和狄更斯联谊会的帮助下，查尔斯·狄更斯博物馆获得了300多件展品，其中包括首次被展出的11封书信。词汇表threatened 扬言要hampered 阻碍，妨碍made public 公布于众self-importance 自大awareness 意识，知道correspondence 信件

Tickets for the American football Super Bowl game are among the hardest to get in all of sports. Because of that, some websites that buy and re-sell tickets have set prices for the upcoming game in Las Vegas, Nevada at almost $10,000.美式橄榄球超级碗比赛的门票是所有体育赛事中最难获得的门票之一。 因此，一些购买和转售门票的网站将即将在内华达州拉斯维加斯举行的比赛的价格定为近 10,000 美元。The National Football League championship game between the Kansas City Chiefs and San Francisco 49ers is on Sunday, February 11.堪萨斯城酋长队和旧金山 49 人队之间的国家橄榄球联盟冠军赛将于 2 月 11 日星期日举行。The Chiefs won last year’s Super Bowl. They feature star quarterback Patrick Mahomes and Travis Kelce, the boyfriend of singer Taylor Swift. Many people believe Swift will fly to the game after performing in Japan only one day earlier.酋长队赢得了去年的超级碗冠军。 他们的主角是明星四分卫帕特里克·马霍姆斯和歌手泰勒·斯威夫特的男友特拉维斯·凯尔斯。 许多人相信斯威夫特在日本演出仅一天后就会飞去观看比赛。The 49ers are one of the most popular teams in the western part of the U.S. Las Vegas is a busy, tourist city known for its hotels and casinos. It is the first-ever Super Bowl in Las Vegas. For many years, the league did not want to have games in Las Vegas because the city permits sports gambling. That changed when the Oakland Raiders moved to Las Vegas to play in a new stadium before the 2020 season.49 人队是美国西部最受欢迎的球队之一。拉斯维加斯是一座繁忙的旅游城市，以其酒店和赌场而闻名。 这是拉斯维加斯有史以来第一届超级碗比赛。 多年来，联盟不想在拉斯维加斯举行比赛，因为该市允许体育赌博。 当奥克兰突袭者队在 2020 赛季前搬到拉斯维加斯的新体育场进行比赛时，情况发生了变化。The combination of two well-known teams plus a city that many people like to visit means tickets on a website called TickPick are in high demand. They are re-selling for almost double last year’s cost. The Chiefs defeated the Philadelphia Eagles in the Super Bowl last year near Phoenix, Arizona.两支知名球队加上一座很多人喜欢参观的城市，意味着 TickPick 网站上的门票需求量很大。 它们的转售价格几乎是去年的两倍。 去年，酋长队在亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的超级碗比赛中击败了费城老鹰队。Before this year, the Super Bowl with the highest re-sale ticket price was in 2021 when the Tampa Bay Buccaneers defeated the Chiefs in Tampa, Florida. That year, however, tickets were limited because of restrictions connected to the COVID-19 pandemic.今年之前，转售门票价格最高的超级碗是2021年，当时坦帕湾海盗队在佛罗里达州坦帕击败了酋长队。 然而，那一年，由于与 COVID-19 大流行有关的限制，门票受到限制。TickPick said the highest prices for a non-COVID Super Bowl came in 2020 when the Chiefs and 49ers played in Miami, Florida. The average ticket that year was over $6,000. TickPick, however, noted that prices for this year might go down as the game gets closer.TickPick 表示，非新冠疫情期间超级碗的最高票价出现在 2020 年，当时酋长队和 49 人队在佛罗里达州迈阿密比赛。 那一年的平均票价超过6000美元。 不过，TickPick 指出，随着比赛临近，今年的价格可能会下降。Brett Goldberg is the co-CEO for TickPick. In a message to the Associated Press, he wrote: “Location has always impacted demand for a Super Bowl, but Vegas takes things to a whole other level.” He said Las Vegas is already “the entertainment capital of the world.”Brett Goldberg 是 TickPick 的联合首席执行官。 他在给美联社的一封信中写道：“地点总是影响超级碗的需求，但拉斯维加斯将事情提升到了一个全新的水平。” 他说拉斯维加斯已经是“世界娱乐之都”。Sometimes, Goldberg wrote, two successful teams push down demand, because the average fan is tired of seeing them play again. However, he noted prices are high this year because “fans want to experience their team winning a Super Bowl in Vegas.”戈德堡写道，有时，两支成功的球队会降低需求，因为普通球迷厌倦了再次看到他们的比赛。 然而，他指出今年的价格很高，因为“球迷希望体验他们的球队在维加斯赢得超级碗冠军。”StubHub is another ticket-selling website. Prices on that site were over $9,000. StubHub said tickets are selling faster this year than in recent years.StubHub 是另一个售票网站。 该网站上的价格超过 9,000 美元。 StubHub 表示，今年门票的销售速度比近年来更快。“The demand has far surpassed the last time Kansas City and San Francisco met in Miami,” said a spokesperson from StubHub.StubHub 发言人表示：“需求量远远超过了堪萨斯城和旧金山上次在迈阿密相遇时的需求。”

Our brain works by firing off electrical impulses. The team at Boston University used this in order to boost memory.我们的大脑通过发送电脉冲来工作。美国波士顿大学的研究团队就利用了这一原理来提高人们的记忆力。They asked volunteers to wear a cap filled with electrodes, then used precise electrical currents to alter their brainwaves in 20-minute sessions of brain stimulation. These took place every day for four days, and the group's ability to remember a list of words was tested. The results, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, showed improvements in memory lasted at least a month.研究人员让志愿者戴上一顶装满电极的帽子，然后用精确的电流改变其脑电波，对大脑进行每次20分钟的无创刺激。实验连续进行了四天，然后测试了志愿者们记忆一组单词的能力。测试的结果发表在《自然-神经科学》期刊上，志愿者们记忆力改善的效果至少维持了一个月。The researchers were able to boost two types of memory. They improved the volunteers' long-term memory, which is how we can remember our first day at school, and also working memory, which is for the here and now, such as remembering what platform your train's on.研究人员能够提高两种类型的记忆。他们改善了志愿者的长期记忆，就是帮助我们记得第一天上学时的情景的记忆，同时还改善了工作记忆，就是用于记住此时此刻发生的事情的记忆，比如马上要乘坐火车的站台号。The researchers are now investigating whether this technology can be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, when brain cells have already started dying, as well as in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder.研究人员正在研究这项技术能否用于治疗患病时脑细胞已开始萎缩的阿尔茨海默病，以及精神分裂症和强迫症。词汇表firing off 发射，发送electrical impulses 电脉冲boost 提高，改善electrodes 电极electrical currents 电流brainwaves 脑电波stimulation 刺激long-term memory 长期记忆the here and now 此时此刻，当前brain cells 脑细胞schizophrenia 精神分裂症obsessive-compulsive disorder 强迫症

At 30 metres long, weighing 25 tonnes, it's thought this salvage wreck, found in 2002, was built around 1449 from Basque-country wood and was involved in the lucrative wine trade between Portugal and Bristol (UK).这艘沉船于2002年被发现，船身长30米、重25吨 ，人们认为它是在1449年前后用巴斯克地区的木材建成的，这艘船被用于葡萄牙和英国布里斯托之间利润丰厚的葡萄酒贸易活动。Historians believe it fell into the waters around Newport (UK) while being repaired later that century. Its significance is being compared to the wreck of the 16th Century Mary Rose and the 17th Century Vasa ship in Sweden.历史学家们认为，该船在15世纪后期的修缮过程中沉入了英国纽波特附近的水域。它的重要性可以与16世纪的玛丽·罗斯号沉船和17世纪的瑞典战舰瓦萨号相提并论。Since it was found, each one of the 2,500 individual pieces of wood salvage needed to undergo a lengthy process of soaking, waxing and freeze-drying before any reconstruction could take place. And because of the time and capacity constraints, the process has been split between southeast Wales and the south coast of England.自该船被发现以来，打捞出的2500块船骸中的每块碎木都需要经过长时间的浸泡、打蜡和冷冻干燥过程，才能被用于重新拼装的工作。由于时间和拼装能力的限制，该过程被分在威尔士东南部和英格兰南部海岸两地进行。The reassembly could take anywhere between three and ten years, and the hope in Newport is that it can be a major boost for tourism in the city centre, just as the Mary Rose has been for Portsmouth (UK).重新拼装船骸的工作可能会历时三到十年，而纽波特希望这艘船能像英国朴茨茅斯的玛丽·罗斯号一样，对市中心的旅游业产生重大的推动作用。词汇表salvage （沉船）打捞lucrative 利润丰厚的significance 意义，重要性soaking 浸泡waxing 打蜡freeze-drying 冷冻干燥reconstruction 重建，重新拼装reassembly 重新拼装

Elon Musk says his company Neuralink has placed an experimental brain device in a person in the first human test of the technology.埃隆·马斯克表示，他的公司 Neuralink 已经在人体中放置了一个实验性大脑设备，这是该技术的首次人体测试。Neuralink describes the coin-sized device as a “brain-computer interface.” It is designed to be implanted inside the brain through a medical operation.Neuralink 将这种硬币大小的设备描述为“脑机接口”。 它旨在通过医疗手术植入大脑内。Musk announced the news on the social media service he owns, X. The billionaire businessman is also the owner of Tesla and SpaceX. His company Neuralink aims to establish direct communication links between the brain and computers.马斯克在他拥有的社交媒体服务X上宣布了这一消息。这位亿万富翁商人也是特斯拉和SpaceX的所有者。 他的公司 Neuralink 旨在建立大脑和计算机之间的直接通信联系。“The first human received an implant from @Neuralink (Sunday) and is recovering well,” Musk wrote. He added that first results of the implanted device showed “promising neuron spike” activity.“第一个人接受了@Neuralink（周日）的植入，并且恢复良好，”马斯克写道。 他补充说，植入设备的初步结果显示出“有希望的神经元尖峰”活动。A spike is a term for a method neurons use to communicate with each other. The Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary defines a neuron as “a nerve cell that carries messages between your brain and other parts of your body.”尖峰是神经元用来相互交流的一种方法的术语。 《剑桥学习词典》将神经元定义为“在大脑和身体其他部位之间传递信息的神经细胞”。The device includes an extremely small computer and extremely thin wires that connect to a part of the brain that controls intent of movement.该设备包括一台非常小的计算机和非常细的电线，连接到控制运动意图的大脑部分。Neuralink says the implant is designed to treat brain disorders and help serious back injury victims regain body movement. Company officials also say it might be used one day to help blind people see again.Neuralink 表示，该植入物旨在治疗大脑疾病并帮助严重背部受伤的患者恢复身体活动。 公司官员还表示，有一天它可能会被用来帮助盲人重见光明。The company has said an early goal of the brain-computer interface will be to give people the ability to control basic computer tasks using thoughts alone. Musk says that in the future, the device might also be used to improve human intelligence in an effort to keep up with supercomputers and artificial intelligence (AI) technology.该公司表示，脑机接口的早期目标是让人们能够仅使用思想来控制基本的计算机任务。 马斯克表示，未来该设备还可能用于提高人类智力，以跟上超级计算机和人工智能（AI）技术的步伐。The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved human testing of the Neuralink device last May.去年五月，美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 批准了 Neuralink 设备的人体测试。Neuralink reposted Musk's statement about the implant in a message on X.Neuralink 在 X 上的一条消息中转发了马斯克关于植入的声明。

The African violet, a plant from Tanzania that came to the U.S. in the late 1800s, received a special honor from the National Garden Bureau (NGB).非洲紫罗兰是一种来自坦桑尼亚的植物，于 1800 年代末传入美国，获得了国家园林局 (NGB) 的特殊荣誉。The organization named 2024 “The Year of the African Violet.” Other plants, flowers and vegetables for 2024 include: squash, Angelonia, lily, buddleia and hosta. Past years honored amaryllis, orchids and broccoli.该组织将 2024 年命名为“非洲紫罗兰年”。 2024 年的其他植物、花卉和蔬菜包括：南瓜、Angelonia、百合、醉鱼草和玉簪。 过去几年表彰了孤挺花、兰花和西兰花。Jessica Damiano is the garden writer for the Associated Press news service. She recently wrote about the African violet.杰西卡·达米亚诺是美联社新闻机构的花园作家。 她最近写了一篇关于非洲紫罗兰的文章。Damiano said the violet has been one of the most popular house plants in the U.S. since it arrived. She said the plant, however, is not a violet. It only has the name because of its colorful, purple and white leaves.达米亚诺说，紫罗兰自抵达美国以来一直是美国最受欢迎的室内植物之一。 然而她说这种植物不是紫罗兰。 因其叶子颜色鲜艳，紫、白相间而得名。In fact, she noted, they are related to the Saintpaulia genus. They are named for German Walter von Saint Paul.事实上，她指出，它们与非洲堇菜属有关。 它们以德国人沃尔特·冯·圣保罗的名字命名。The popularity of the plant is one reason why the NGB chose the violet as the “houseplant” of the year, said Diane M. Blazek, the organization’s director. She said the plant’s name has appeared over 300,000 times on social media.该组织主任黛安·M·布拉泽克 (Diane M. Blazek) 表示，这种植物的受欢迎程度是 NGB 选择紫罗兰作为年度“室内植物”的原因之一。 她说，该植物的名字在社交媒体上出现了超过 30 万次。Beyond popularity, Blazek noted, the violets are easy to grow and people who breed flowers are working on creating new varieties. Blazek said, “they are coming through the pipeline.”布拉泽克指出，除了受欢迎之外，紫罗兰还很容易种植，花卉培育者正在努力创造新品种。 布拉泽克说：“他们正在通过管道。”Blazek said people once thought of the violets as “Grandma’s plants,” or that they were no longer popular. But, she said, the violet “has not gone out of favor at all.”布拉泽克说，人们曾经认为紫罗兰是“祖母的植物”，或者说它们不再受欢迎。 但是，她说，紫罗兰“根本没有失宠”。The NGB started in 1920. The group aimed to give reliable gardening information to Americans, many of whom had only recently started growing plants at home. The founder was James Burdett. He helped develop the idea of “victory gardens.” The gardens started during World War I as way for Americans to grow some of their own food.NGB 成立于 1920 年。该组织旨在向美国人提供可靠的园艺信息，其中许多人最近才开始在家种植植物。 创始人是詹姆斯·伯德特。 他帮助提出了“胜利花园”的想法。 这些花园始于第一次世界大战期间，供美国人种植自己的食物。Today, the NGB continues the work started by Burdett. It recommends plants, flowers and vegetables each year.如今，NGB 继续开展伯德特发起的工作。 它每年都会推荐植物、花卉和蔬菜。Many people like the African violet because it is easy to grow. It does not need direct sunlight; it does not need too much water and does not need a lot of fertilizer. However, it must receive special care to do extremely well.许多人喜欢非洲紫罗兰，因为它很容易种植。 不需要阳光直射； 它不需要太多的水，也不需要太多的肥料。 然而，它必须得到特别的照顾才能做得非常好。Blazek said the plants like moisture in the air. So, if you live in a very dry place, they might not do well. If you bring them inside during winter, Damiano suggests, you should run a device that adds moisture to the air – a humidifier – before you take them back outside. They need warmth but do not do well in high heat. Be sure to consider your climate before planting them.布拉泽克说，这些植物喜欢空气中的水分。 所以，如果你住在一个非常干燥的地方，它们可能会表现不佳。 达米亚诺建议，如果你在冬天把它们带进屋里，你应该在把它们带回屋外之前先运行一个可以增加空气湿度的设备——加湿器。 它们需要温暖，但在高温下表现不佳。 种植之前一定要考虑你的气候。In spring and summer, Damiano said, if the plants are indoors, place them near a window that faces north or east. That way they do not get too much sun. In the winter, the plants may be placed closer to windows because the sun is not too strong at that time for people who live in mid-northern climates.达米亚诺说，在春季和夏季，如果植物在室内，请将它们放在朝北或朝东的窗户附近。 这样他们就不会受到太多阳光照射。 在冬天，植物可以放置在靠近窗户的地方，因为对于生活在中北部气候的人来说，那时的阳光不太强烈。Feed the plants only every two to three months. Be sure to use a fertilizer for African violets. And do not worry about their roots getting crowded by other plants – they like cozy pots.每两到三个月给植物施肥一次。 一定要为非洲紫罗兰使用肥料。 不用担心它们的根部被其他植物挤满——它们喜欢舒适的花盆。With good care, the violets may show their colors all year.如果照顾得好，紫罗兰可以全年展示其颜色。

Scientists in Berlin announced recently the first successful embryo transfer in a white rhinoceros.柏林的科学家最近宣布首次在白犀牛身上成功进行胚胎移植。The transfer, which occurred in a southern white rhinoceros, offers hope for saving the northern white rhino from completely dying off.这次发生在南方白犀牛身上的转移，为拯救北方白犀牛免于完全灭绝带来了希望。The white rhinoceros includes two different subspecies, the northern and the southern. The last male northern white rhino died in 2018. Only two female members of the subspecies remain. Neither of them can carry a baby.白犀牛包括两个不同的亚种：北方和南方。 最后一头雄性北方白犀牛于 2018 年死亡。该亚种只剩下两只雌性成员。 他们俩都不能带孩子。Southern white rhinos are more numerous.南方白犀牛数量较多。Researchers hope to use eggs and sperm from northern white rhinos to produce embryos that will be put into southern white rhino surrogate mothers.研究人员希望利用北方白犀牛的卵子和精子产生胚胎，并将其放入南方白犀牛代孕母亲体内。A surrogate is something that performs the duties of something else.代理人是履行其他职责的事物。To test the plan, scientists said they transferred the embryo of a southern white rhino into a surrogate southern white rhino mother at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya on September 24, 2023.为了测试该计划，科学家表示，他们于 2023 年 9 月 24 日将南方白犀牛的胚胎转移到肯尼亚奥尔佩杰塔保护区的南方白犀牛代孕母亲体内。However, the research team only learned of the pregnancy after the surrogate mother died of a bacterial infection in November 2023. The embryo was discovered during an examination of the body after death.然而，研究团队直到2023年11月代孕母亲因细菌感染死亡后才得知怀孕的消息。胚胎是在死后检查尸体时发现的。Even with the death, researchers found reasons to be hopeful.即使死亡，研究人员也找到了充满希望的理由。The international BioRescue team, a group backed by the German government, confirmed recently that the operation had produced a successful pregnancy of 70 days, with a well-developed 6.4-centimeter-long male embryo.德国政府支持的国际BioRescue团队最近证实，手术已成功怀孕70天，并拥有发育良好的6.4厘米长的雄性胚胎。"We achieved together something which was not believed to be possible," said Thomas Hildebrandt of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research.莱布尼茨动物园和野生动物研究所的托马斯·希尔德布兰特 (Thomas Hildebrandt) 表示：“我们共同实现了人们认为不可能的事情。”"That is really a milestone to allow us to produce northern white rhino calves in the next two, two and a half years," Hildebrandt said.希尔德布兰特说：“这确实是一个里程碑，让我们能够在未来两年、两年半内培育出北方白犀牛幼崽。”The northern white rhinoceros subspecies has only two known examples left in the world. The Ol-Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya says that Najin, a 34-year-old, and her 23-year-old offspring, Fatu, both cannot naturally reproduce.北方白犀牛亚种世界上仅存两个已知实例。 肯尼亚奥尔佩杰塔自然保护区表示，34 岁的纳金和她 23 岁的后代法图都无法自然繁殖。In 2018, the last male white rhino, Sudan, was 45 when he was euthanized because of age-related problems. He was Najin’s father. Scientists stored his semen and that of four other dead rhinos.2018年，最后一头雄性白犀牛苏丹因年龄相关问题被安乐死，当时它已经45岁了。 他是纳金的父亲。 科学家储存了他的精液和其他四头死去的犀牛的精液。Some conservation groups have argued that it is probably too late to save the northern white rhino using the method known as in vitro fertilization.一些保护组织认为，使用体外受精的方法来拯救北方白犀牛可能为时已晚。The species once lived in Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and Central African Republic, but human conflict has caused the creature to disappear. Critics say the efforts made to save the northern white rhino should instead go to save at-risk species that have a better chance to survive.该物种曾经生活在乍得、苏丹、乌干达、刚果和中非共和国，但人类冲突导致该生物消失。 批评者表示，拯救北方白犀牛的努力应该去拯救那些有更好生存机会的濒危物种。About 20,000 southern white rhinos remain in Africa. That subspecies and another species, the black rhino, are increasing in number after illegal hunting nearly caused their disappearance.非洲仍有约 20,000 头南方白犀牛。 该亚种和另一个物种黑犀牛的数量在非法狩猎几乎导致其消失后正在增加。

Britain’s King Charles was treated recently for a medical condition called enlarged prostate. American Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin recently spent two weeks in a hospital for treatment following an operation for prostate cancer.英国国王查尔斯最近因前列腺肥大而接受治疗。 美国国防部长劳埃德·奥斯汀最近在接受前列腺癌手术后在医院接受了两周的治疗。The 70-year-old Austin did not share any news of his medical condition publicly, at first. He also did not inform President Joe Biden of what the defense department described as a “minimally invasive” operation on Austin’s prostate on December 22.70岁的奥斯汀一开始并没有公开透露任何有关他健康状况的消息。 他也没有向总统乔·拜登通报国防部称 12 月 22 日对奥斯汀前列腺进行的“微创”手术。On January 1, the defense chief developed severe pain and was taken by ambulance to the hospital. He was placed in the intensive care department with an infection linked to the operation. Austin was released two weeks later.1月1日，国防部长出现剧烈疼痛，被救护车送往医院。 由于与手术有关的感染，他被安置在重症监护室。 两周后奥斯汀出院。The delay in informing the president and the public led to widespread criticism. A spokesman for Austin said at the time, “… discussions about (prostate cancer) screening, treatment and support are often deeply personal and private ones.”延迟通知总统和公众引发了广泛的批评。 奥斯汀的一位发言人当时表示，“……有关（前列腺癌）筛查、治疗和支持的讨论往往是非常私人的。”King Charles, however, announced on January 17 that he would undergo a “corrective procedure” for an enlarged prostate. His announcement came on the same day the 75-year-old king learned of his medical condition. On January 29, he left London Clinic after spending the weekend there for treatment.然而，查尔斯国王于 1 月 17 日宣布，他将接受前列腺肥大的“矫正手术”。 在他宣布这一消息的同一天，75 岁的国王得知自己的健康状况。 1月29日，他在伦敦诊所度过周末接受治疗后离开。It is unusual for members of the British royal family to share details about their health. However, King Charles decided to share his news publicly to encourage other men to have their prostates checked as called for by medical experts. The palace said the king sought treatment “in common with thousands of men each year.”英国王室成员很少分享自己的健康细节。 然而，查尔斯国王决定公开分享他的消息，以鼓励其他男性按照医学专家的呼吁检查前列腺。 宫殿表示，国王“每年与数千名男子一样”寻求治疗。The prostate is a small organ of the male reproductive system.前列腺是男性生殖系统的一个小器官。It is about the size and shape of a walnut. It sits below the bladder, an organ that stores urine temporarily.它的大小和形状与核桃差不多。 它位于膀胱下方，膀胱是暂时储存尿液的器官。The prostate helps make semen, the fluid that carries sperm cells required for human reproduction. The prostate surrounds part of the urethra, a tube that carries sperm from the testicles or urine out of the bladder through the penis.前列腺有助于产生精液，精液携带着人类生殖所需的精子细胞。 前列腺包围着尿道的一部分，尿道是一条将睾丸中的精子或尿液通过阴茎从膀胱排出的管道。As a man gets older, the prostate tends to grow larger. Medical experts say it could grow from the size of a walnut to the size of an apricot by the age of 40, and then to the size of a lemon by age 60. The larger prostate then may press against the urethra and cause problems in passing urine.随着男性年龄的增长，前列腺往往会变大。 医学专家表示，到 40 岁时，它可能会从核桃大小长到杏子大小，然后到 60 岁时长到柠檬大小。此时，较大的前列腺可能会压迫尿道，导致排尿困难。 The U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) says men in their 30s and 40s may begin to have problems with passing urine. The agency advises men to seek medical help if they experience any of the four conditions. They are:美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 表示，30 多岁和 40 多岁的男性可能会开始出现排尿问题。 该机构建议男性如果出现上述四种情况中的任何一种，应寻求医疗帮助。 

This study monitored pregnant women who were working in rice fields in The Gambia. They were farming in direct sun for between two to eight hours, often in high humidity.这项研究监测了在冈比亚稻田里工作的孕妇。她们在阳光直射、且经常是高湿度条件下耕作两到八个小时。Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine say as a mother worked in the extreme heat the heart rate of the unborn child increased to dangerous levels. They also found the blood flow to the foetus slowed as the placenta was impacted by the heat.伦敦卫生与热带医学院的研究人员表示，当孕妇在极端高温环境下工作时，胎儿的心率会上升到危险水平。他们还发现，由于胎盘受到高温的影响，流向胎儿的血流减慢。Scientists say this is the first real-world study looking at the impact of extreme heat on pregnant women in low-income countries. They are calling for more research as so many places now face rising temperatures.科学家们称，这是第一次在现实世界中研究极端高温对低收入国家孕妇的影响。他们呼吁开展更多的相关研究，因为许多地方现在都面临着气温上升的问题。词汇表monitored 监测了humidity 湿度heart rate 心率blood flow 血流foetus 胎儿placenta 胎盘real-world 真实环境中的，现实世界中的pregnant 怀孕的