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The study found the Australian bushfires two years ago were so intense that smoke rose into the atmosphere, causing a complex set of chemical reactions that led to the loss of ozone in the layer that protects the Earth from damaging ultraviolet rays.这项研究发现，两年前的澳大利亚林火非常猛烈，以至于烟雾上升到了大气层，造成一系列复杂的化学反应，导致臭氧的损失，臭氧层是大气中保护地球免受紫外线破坏的气层。Satellite observations suggest a total ozone loss of 1% over the southern hemisphere within the month of March 2020 alone. Not insignificant, given the slow recovery of the ozone layer from damage caused decades ago.卫星观测表明，仅在2020年3月，南半球上空就一共损失了1%的臭氧。鉴于臭氧层几十年前受到破坏后，恢复缓慢，这一数字不容忽视。词汇表bushfires 森林大火complex 复杂的ozone 臭氧ultraviolet rays 紫外线hemisphere （地球的）半球insignificant 微不足道

One side of the planet probably always faces its star. Four other planets, all gas giants, are known to orbit the same star. The planet is found in our Milky Way galaxy, about 41 light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance light travels in a year, or 9.5 trillion kilometers. 行星的一侧可能总是面向其恒星。 已知还有另外四颗行星，都是气态巨行星，绕着同一颗恒星运行。 这颗行星位于我们的银河系中，距地球约 41 光年。 一光年是光一年传播的距离，即 9.5 万亿公里。 The planet’s star is gravitationally tied to another star in the system. Having two stars in the same system is called a binary system. 该行星的恒星通过引力与系统中的另一颗恒星相连。 同一系统中有两颗恒星称为双星系统。 The other star is a red dwarf, the smallest kind of an ordinary star. The distance between these two stars is 1,000 times the distance between Earth and the sun. Light from one star takes six days to reach the other star. 另一颗恒星是红矮星，是最小的普通恒星。 这两颗恒星之间的距离是地球与太阳之间距离的1000倍。 来自一颗恒星的光需要六天才能到达另一颗恒星。 Although the rocky planet does appear to have an atmosphere, scientists say it probably should not even have one. Being so close to its star, any atmosphere should be taken away by the effects of the star. 尽管这颗岩石行星似乎确实有大气层，但科学家表示它可能根本不应该有大气层。 由于距离恒星如此之近，任何大气层都会受到恒星的影响而消失。 But gases dissolved in the planet’s large ocean of molten rock may continue to fill up the atmosphere, Hu said. 但胡说，溶解在地球上巨大的熔岩海洋中的气体可能会继续充满大气层。 “The planet cannot be habitable,” Hu added. That is because it is too hot to have liquid water, which is also considered necessary for life. “这个星球不适合居住，”胡补充道。 这是因为太热了，无法拥有液态水，而液态水也被认为是生命所必需的。 Scientists have found other planets with an atmosphere outside our solar system. But they have all been gaseous planets, not rocky ones. 科学家们在太阳系之外发现了其他拥有大气层的行星。 但它们都是气态行星，而不是岩石行星。 As the James Webb telescope pushes the limits of space exploration, the discovery of a rocky planet with an atmosphere is a sign of progress. 随着詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜突破了太空探索的极限，发现具有大气层的岩石行星是进步的标志。 On Earth, the atmosphere warms the planet. It contains the oxygen people breathe and protects against the effects of the sun. It also creates the pressure needed for liquid water to remain on the planet’s surface. 在地球上，大气层使地球变暖。 它含有人们呼吸的氧气并防止阳光的影响。 它还产生液态水留在地球表面所需的压力。 Brice-Olivier Demory is a scientist at Switzerland’s University of Bern’s Center for Space and Habitability. He helped write the new study. He said, “On Earth, atmosphere is key for life.” He added that the findings create hope that the Webb telescope may one day find cooler planets that could support liquid water on their surface. 布里斯-奥利维耶·德莫里 (Brice-Olivier Demory) 是瑞士伯尔尼大学空间与宜居中心的科学家。 他帮助撰写了这项新研究。 他说：“在地球上，大气是生命的关键。” 他补充说，这些发现带来了希望，韦伯望远镜有一天可能会发现能够在其表面支持液态水的较冷行星。 “But,” he said, “we are not there yet.” “但是，”他说，“我们还没有到那一步。” 

Astronomers have searched for years for rocky planets outside our solar system. They have finally found one with an atmosphere. 天文学家多年来一直在太阳系外寻找岩石行星。 他们终于找到了一个有气氛的人。Scientists believe that a rocky planet with an atmosphere is key to sustaining life. But the planet that astronomers found offers no hope for life. Its surface is made up of molten rock. 科学家认为，具有大气层的岩石行星是维持生命的关键。 但天文学家发现的这颗行星没有生命存在的希望。 它的表面由熔岩组成。 Researchers recently called the planet a “super-Earth.” It is a rocky world much larger than our planet but smaller than the gas giant in our solar system, Neptune. 研究人员最近称这颗行星为“超级地球”。 这是一个岩石世界，比我们的星球大得多，但比太阳系中的气态巨行星海王星小。 The planet orbits extremely close to its star. The star is less bright and smaller than our own. 这颗行星的轨道非常靠近其恒星。 这颗恒星比我们的恒星更暗、更小。 Observations using two devices aboard the James Webb Space Telescope suggest there is an atmosphere. But the atmosphere may not be able to support life. It could be continuously filled up by gases that large areas of molten rock release. 使用詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜上的两个设备进行的观测表明存在大气层。 但大气层可能无法维持生命。 它可以不断地被大面积熔岩释放的气体充满。 Renyu Hu is a planetary scientist with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and California Institute of Technology. He was the lead writer of the study, which appeared recently in the publication Nature. 胡仁宇是美国宇航局喷气推进实验室和加州理工学院的行星科学家。 他是这项研究的主要作者，该研究最近发表在《自然》杂志上。 Hu said, “The atmosphere is likely rich in carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, but can also have other gases such as water vapor and sulfur dioxide.” He added that current observations cannot tell what the exact atmospheric makeup is. 胡说：“大气中可能富含二氧化碳或一氧化碳，但也可能含有其他气体，例如水蒸气和二氧化硫。” 他补充说，目前的观测无法告诉我们确切的大气成分是什么。 The Webb data also did not make clear the thickness of the atmosphere. Hu said it could be as thick as Earth’s or even thicker than that of Venus. Venus has a toxic atmosphere that is the densest in our solar system. 韦伯数据也没有明确大气层的厚度。 胡说，它的厚度可能与地球一样厚，甚至比金星还要厚。 金星的有毒大气层是太阳系中最稠密的。 The planet is called 55 Cancri e. Scientists also call it Janssen. It is about 8.8 times more massive than Earth and about two times as wide. 这颗行星被称为 55 Cancri e。 科学家也称其为詹森。 它的质量约为地球的 8.8 倍，宽度约为地球的两倍。 It orbits its star at one-25th the distance between our solar system’s innermost planet Mercury and the sun. As a result, its surface temperature is about 1,725 degrees Celsius. 它绕恒星运行的距离是太阳系最内层行星水星与太阳之间距离的二十五分之一。 因此，其表面温度约为1725摄氏度。 

A Japanese town hopes to keep out crowds of visitors by building a large barrier to block views of the country’s tallest mountain, Mount Fuji. 日本的一个小镇希望通过建造一个巨大的屏障来阻挡大批游客，以阻挡该国最高峰富士山的景色。 The town is called Fujikawaguchiko. It sits on Japan’s main island of Honshu, southwest of Tokyo. The community is known for having good spots for taking pictures of Mount Fuji. 这个小镇叫做富士河口湖。 它位于东京西南部的日本主岛本州岛。 该社区以拍摄富士山的好地点而闻名。 But some locals and business owners feel there are too many misbehaving tourists. In an effort to reduce the number of visitors, city workers have started building a large black screen to block views of Mount Fuji. 但一些当地人和企业主认为，行为不端的游客太多了。 为了减少游客数量，城市工作人员开始建造一个巨大的黑屏来遮挡富士山的景色。 Michie Motomochi owns a restaurant that serves Japanese sweets near the soon-to-be-blocked photo spot. She told The Associated Press that while she welcomes visitors to the area, “there are many things about their manners that are worrying.”Michie Motomochi 在即将被封锁的拍照点附近拥有一家供应日式甜点的餐厅。 她告诉美联社，虽然她欢迎游客来到该地区，但“他们的举止有很多令人担忧的地方。”Motomochi said she has seen visitors crossing the road in busy traffic, leaving waste on streets, ignoring stop lights and trespassing onto private property. 元持说，她看到游客在繁忙的交通中过马路，在街道上留下垃圾，无视红绿灯，并侵入私人财产。 She noted, however, that about 80 percent of her business is driven by foreign visitors. Tourist numbers have been rising in Japan since restrictions were lifted after the COVID-19 pandemic. 然而她指出，她约 80% 的业务是由外国游客推动的。 自 COVID-19 大流行后取消限制以来，日本的游客人数一直在增加。Motomochi said her neighborhood suddenly became a popular spot for visitors about two years ago. That is when a photo taken in the area went viral on the internet. The photo showed Mount Fuji in the background. But it appeared as though the mountain was sitting on top of a local store called Lawson. 本持说，大约两年前，她的社区突然成为游客的热门景点。 就在那时，一张在该地区拍摄的照片在互联网上疯传。 照片的背景是富士山。 但这座山似乎坐落在当地一家名为劳森的商店的顶部。 Town officials say the photo was widely shared on social media and became known online as “Mt. Fuji Lawson.” Since then, foreign tourists have crowded the neighborhood. 镇官员表示，这张照片在社交媒体上广泛传播，并在网上被称为“山”。 富士劳森。” 从那时起，外国游客就挤满了附近。The town has tried other methods to limit bad behaviors by tourists. The town put up signs in several languages urging visitors not to run into the road. It has provided information about crosswalks. And it even hired security guards 该镇尝试了其他方法来限制游客的不良行为。 镇上竖起了多种语言的标牌，敦促游客不要跑到马路上。 它提供了有关人行横道的信息。 甚至还聘请了保安 The black screen is expected to be completed in the middle of May. It will stand 2.5 meters high and 20 meters long. Officials say the barrier will almost completely block the view of Mount Fuji. 黑屏预计5月中旬完成。 它将高 2.5 米，长 20 米。 官员称，该屏障将几乎完全挡住富士山的视线。 French tourist Anthony Hok told the AP he thinks the screen was an overreaction by city officials. He said the solution seemed “too big” for the problem the town was facing. The 26-year-old visitor suggested setting up road barriers for safety instead of blocking views for pictures. 法国游客安东尼·霍克告诉美联社，他认为该屏幕是市政府官员反应过度。 他说，这个解决方案对于该镇面临的问题来说似乎“太大了”。 这位26岁的游客建议为了安全而设置路障，而不是挡住拍照的视线。But Helen Pull, a 34-year-old visitor from Britain, said she understood the local concerns. She said she had seen tourism “really ramped up” in the country. “I can see why people who live and work here might want to do something about that," Pull added. 但来自英国的 34 岁游客海伦·普尔 (Helen Pull) 表示，她理解当地人的担忧。 她说她看到该国的旅游业“真正蓬勃发展”。 “我可以理解为什么在这里生活和工作的人们可能想为此做点什么，”拉补充道。 Yoshihiko Ogawa runs an old rice shop in the Fujikawaguchiko area. He said overcrowding there had worsened in recent months, with tourists gathering from around 4 or 5 in the morning and talking loudly. Ogawa said crowds in the area also sometimes block his car. 小川义彦在富士河口湖地区经营一家老米店。 他说，近几个月来，那里的拥挤状况进一步恶化，游客从凌晨四五点左右就开始聚集并大声交谈。 小川说，该地区的人群有时也会堵塞他的车。 “We’ve never thought we'd face a situation like this,” Ogawa told the AP. But he added that he was unsure what the right solution might be. “I suppose we all just need to get used to it,” he said. “我们从未想过会面临这样的情况，”小川告诉美联社。 但他补充说，他不确定正确的解决方案是什么。 “我想我们都需要习惯它，”他说。

An American country music star has used artificial intelligence to make music again, years after suffering a stroke. 一位美国乡村音乐明星在中风多年后再次使用人工智能创作音乐。 Randy Travis is 65 years old. He was a popular country music performer in the 1980s and 1990s and won several Grammy awards during his career. But in 2013, he went to the hospital with a heart problem and later had a stroke. The stroke made it hard for Travis to speak. He has not made music since his stroke – until now. 兰迪·特拉维斯今年 65 岁。 他是20世纪80年代和90年代流行的乡村音乐表演者，在他的职业生涯中多次获得格莱美奖。 但2013年，他因心脏病入院，后来中风。 中风使特拉维斯说话变得困难。 自从中风以来，他一直没有创作音乐，直到现在。 On May 3, Travis released a new song with the help of artificial intelligence, or AI. It is called Where That Came From. Nashville, Tennessee songwriters Scotty Emerick and John Scott Sherrill wrote the song. 5月3日，Travis 在人工智能（AI）的帮助下发布了一首新歌。 它的名字叫《从哪里来》。 田纳西州纳什维尔的词曲作者斯科蒂·埃默里克和约翰·斯科特·谢里尔创作了这首歌。 Cris Lacy is co-president of Warner Music Nashville, the company that produces Travis’ music. Lacy said she contacted Travis’ wife Mary and asked “What if we could take Randy’s voice and recreate it using AI?” 克里斯·莱西 (Cris Lacy) 是纳什维尔华纳音乐公司 (Warner Music Nashville) 的联合总裁，该公司为特拉维斯 (Travis) 制作音乐。 莱西说，她联系了特拉维斯的妻子玛丽并询问“如果我们可以采用兰迪的声音并使用人工智能重新创建它怎么办？” “We were all over that, so we were so excited,” Mary Travis said about the chance to hear her husband’s voice in a new song. “All I ever wanted since the day of the stroke was to hear that voice again.” “我们都沉浸在这一切之中，所以我们非常兴奋，”玛丽·特拉维斯谈到有机会在一首新歌中听到她丈夫的声音时说道。 “自从中风那天起，我唯一想要的就是再次听到那个声音。” Lacy talked with computer programmers in London about making an AI system that could recreate Travis’ voice. They produced two models. One model used 12 vocal samples from Travis’ career and the other used 42 samples. There was a lot of material to work with; the singer’s first big record, Storms of Life, came out in 1985. 莱西与伦敦的计算机程序员讨论了如何制作一个可以重现特拉维斯声音的人工智能系统。 他们生产了两种型号。 一个模型使用了 Travis 职业生涯中的 12 个声音样本，另一个模型使用了 42 个样本。 有很多材料可供使用； 这位歌手的第一张大唱片《Storms of Life》于 1985 年发行。Travis’ long-time music producer is Kyle Lehning. He said Where That Came From was a song that fit Travis’ way of singing. When Travis was at the top of his career, he was known for a more traditional kind of country music. It was a contrast to the pop-country songs that were popular in the late 1980s. 特拉维斯的长期音乐制作人是凯尔·莱宁。 他说《Where That Came From》是一首适合特拉维斯演唱方式的歌曲。 当特拉维斯（Travis）处于职业生涯的巅峰时，他以更传统的乡村音乐而闻名。 这与 20 世纪 80 年代末流行的流行乡村歌曲形成鲜明对比。 Lehning talked about the process of making the song. First, another singer recorded the song in what is known as a “demo.” Then the AI system analyzed the song and applied Travis’ voice to it. 莱宁谈到了这首歌的制作过程。 首先，另一位歌手以所谓的“演示”形式录制了这首歌。 然后人工智能系统分析了这首歌并将特拉维斯的声音应用到其中。 “I really wish somebody had been here with a camera,” Lehning said about the experience of watching the computer apply Travis’ voice to the song. “And it was stunning, to me, how good it was … right off the bat.” “我真的希望有人带着相机来到这里，”莱宁谈到观看电脑将特拉维斯的声音应用到歌曲中的经历时说道。 “对我来说，这真是太棒了……立刻就变得多么好。”Lehning said some parts of the sound created by the computer were “not authentic to Randy’s performance.” Lehning worked with Casey Wood, a recording engineer who knew Travis well, to get it right. 莱宁表示，计算机产生的声音的某些部分“与兰迪的表演并不真实”。 莱宁与熟悉特拉维斯的录音工程师凯西·伍德合作，以确保其正确。 The two music professionals used sound parts from both vocal models. They made changes to the speed of some of the sounds. Lehning said Travis is “a laid-back singer,” so they had to slow down some parts. They wanted to keep an “old soul quality” in Travis’ voice. 两位音乐专业人士使用了两位声乐模型的声音部分。 他们改变了一些声音的速度。 莱宁说特拉维斯是“一位悠闲的歌手”，所以他们不得不放慢一些部分的速度。 他们希望特拉维斯的声音保持“古老的灵魂品质”。 Lehning said they were able to improve on the AI version. And Mary Travis said the final version of her husband’s song is much different than what happens when a computer programmer uses AI to create something without permission. Lehning 表示他们能够改进人工智能版本。 玛丽·特拉维斯 (Mary Travis) 表示，她丈夫歌曲的最终版本与计算机程序员未经许可使用人工智能创建某些东西时发生的情况有很大不同。 She called the producers’ and engineers’ work on the project “the human element.” 她将该项目的制作人和工程师的工作称为“人的因素”。 She added that her husband had a thoughtful look on his face when he first heard the song. “I think he went through every emotion there was in those three minutes of just hearing his voice again,” Mary Travis said. 她补充说，当她丈夫第一次听到这首歌时，脸上露出若有所思的表情。 “我认为，在再次听到他的声音的那三分钟里，他经历了所有的情绪，”玛丽·特拉维斯说。

Venice is a fragile jewel faced with rising sea levels from climate change and mass tourism. Of the estimated 30 million visitors a year, around two thirds are day trippers, placing sites under huge strain. 威尼斯就像一颗脆弱的宝石，一方面面临着气候变化导致海平面上升的威胁，同时也需要应对大量游客带来的挑战。每年约有3000万名游客访问威尼斯，约三分之二是当天往返的一日游游客，这给威尼斯带来了游客大批涌入的巨大压力。 词汇表fragile 脆弱的jewel 宝石，比喻威尼斯 “精美绝伦，独一无二”mass tourism （尤指游客数量多的）大众旅游day trippers 一日游游客trial scheme 试行方案discourage 阻止，为…设置障碍descending 涌入critics 批评者，反对者minimal cost 极低的费用fundamental problems 根本问题overtourism “过度旅游”，指游客数量过多Now they'll have to pay €5 to enter the city in a trial scheme in place on specific days over the next few months. The aim, say the authorities, is to discourage crowds descending at certain times, adding that the plan, the first such one in the world, could be extended in duration and price. Critics say the ticket is a minimal cost that will not address Venice's fundamental problems. 现在一项试行方案规定，在未来几个月的特定旅游高峰日，一日游游客们必须支付5欧元才能进城观光。威尼斯官方表示，这样做的目的是阻止人群在特定日子大批涌入威尼斯，并补充说，作为世界上首个推行 “进城费” 的方案，试行收费的时间可能会延长，价格也可能会上调。反对 “进城费” 方案的人说，收费很低，无法解决威尼斯面临的根本问题。 Other cities facing similar overtourism challenges will be watching closely to see if it works. 其它面临类似客流量过大问题的城市将密切关注该试行方案，看它是否奏效。

Dogs are in high demand as pets. In fact, 36% of households in the UK own one, according to the UK Pet Food survey 2024. Our canine pals can be cute, cuddly and loyal friends. But, for many owners, dogs are much more than this – they are a lifeline. 狗作为宠物的需求量很大。 事实上，根据 2024 年英国宠物食品调查，36% 的英国家庭拥有一只狗狗。我们的狗狗朋友可以是可爱、惹人喜爱且忠诚的朋友。 但是，对于许多主人来说，狗的意义远不止于此——它们是生命线。 Assistance dogs provide essential support, increased independence and companionship for disabled people and people with medical conditions – they have even saved lives. There are many different types of assistance dogs out there, from hearing dogs to autism dogs to guide dogs. But what makes the perfect assistance dog? 协助犬为残疾人和患有疾病的人提供必要的支持、增强的独立性和陪伴——它们甚至拯救了生命。 那里有许多不同类型的辅助犬，从助听犬到自闭症犬再到导盲犬。 但什么才是完美的协助犬呢？ Common assistance dog breeds are Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and German shepherds. The most common guide dog in the UK is the golden retriever-Labrador cross, which, according to the Guide Dogs National Centre, has a 'combination of desirable traits'. Guide dogs need to be able to lead a blind or visually impaired person outside and inside, while avoiding distractions and recognising and avoiding obstacles such as changes in elevation, like tree roots, curbs and stairs. With that in mind, training puppies is essential. 常见的辅助犬品种有拉布拉多犬、金毛猎犬和德国牧羊犬。 英国最常见的导盲犬是金毛猎犬和拉布拉多杂交犬，根据国家导盲犬中心的说法，它具有“理想特征的组合”。 导盲犬需要能够在室外和室内引导盲人或视障人士，同时避免分心，识别和避开障碍物，例如海拔变化，如树根、路缘和楼梯。 考虑到这一点，训练小狗是至关重要的。 The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association trains puppies using positive reinforcement, rewarding good behaviour with food, praise and affection. When it comes to hearing dogs, a very important part of their training is sound awareness – alerting their deaf partner to sounds they would otherwise miss, for example a smoke alarm, an alarm clock or a crying baby. Katie Grundy, a puppy trainer at the charity Hearing Dogs for Deaf People, teaches puppies targeting, a technique where the dogs touch a target, like a hand, with their nose for a treat. This teaches hearing dogs how to notify their partner when a sound goes off. 盲人导盲犬协会使用积极强化的方式训练小狗，通过食物、赞美和关爱来奖励良好的行为。 对于听力狗来说，训练的一个非常重要的部分是声音意识——提醒聋哑伙伴注意他们可能会错过的声音，例如烟雾报警器、闹钟或哭闹的婴儿。 凯蒂·格伦迪（Katie Grundy）是慈善机构“聋人助听犬”的小狗训练师，她教小狗瞄准目标，这是一种狗用鼻子触摸目标（例如手）的技巧。 这教会听力狗如何在声音响起时通知其伴侣。 At the end of training, not all pups qualify, but they are put up for adoption and, of course, make excellent lovable pets. 训练结束时，并非所有幼犬都符合资格，但它们会被收养，当然，它们会成为优秀的可爱宠物。 词汇表lifeline 生命线assistance dog 协助犬independence 独立companionship 陪伴，友谊disabled 残疾的medical condition 疾病save lives 救命hearing dog 助听犬autism dog 协助自闭症人士的服务犬guide dog 导盲犬lead 引导blind 失明的visually impaired 视力受损的obstacle 障碍puppy 小狗positive reinforcement 正向强化（奖励或积极回应良好行为的训练方法）sound awareness 声音感知alert 提示，提醒deaf 失聪的，听不见的targeting （动物）通过碰触特定目标物得到奖励treat 奖励或训练狗的食物，零食

American pop music star Madonna performed before an estimated 1.6 million people on Saturday at Brazil’s famous Copacabana Beach. 周六，美国流行音乐明星麦当娜在巴西著名的科帕卡巴纳海滩向估计 160 万人表演。 The outdoor show in Rio de Janeiro was free to attend. 里约热内卢的户外表演免费参加。 The fans turned a long stretch of the coast into a huge dance floor for the last show of Madonna’s Celebration Tour. The series began last October in London. 歌迷们把一段长长的海岸变成了一个巨大的舞池，为麦当娜庆祝巡演的最后一场演出。 该系列于去年十月在伦敦开始。The so-called “Queen of Pop” began Saturday’s show with her 1998 song Nothing Really Matters. Huge cheers rose from the crowd pressed up against the barriers. Other attendees held parties in houses and hotels overlooking the beach. Helicopters and drones flew overhead, and boats floated on the water nearby. 这位所谓的“流行天后”以她 1998 年的歌曲《Nothing Real Matters》拉开了周六的演出的序幕。 挤在护栏上的人群中爆发出巨大的欢呼声。 其他与会者在俯瞰海滩的房屋和酒店举行聚会。 直升机和无人机在头顶飞过，船只漂浮在附近的水面上。 “Here we are in the most beautiful place in the world,” the 65-year-old Madonna told the crowd. Pointing out the ocean, the mountains and the Christ the Redeemer statue overlooking the city, she added: “This place is magic.” “我们现在身处世界上最美丽的地方，”65 岁的麦当娜对人群说道。 她指着海洋、山脉和俯瞰城市的基督救世主雕像补充道：“这个地方很神奇。”Madonna performed her popular songs, including Like A Virgin and Hung Up. For the introduction to another, Like A Prayer, Madonna covered her head in black cloth and held a rosary. 麦当娜表演了她的流行歌曲，包括《Like A Virgin》和《Hung Up》。 在另一首歌曲《Like A Prayer》的介绍中，麦当娜用黑布遮住头，并手持一串念珠。 The star honored those who died of AIDS with the song Live to Tell. Large black and white images of the disease’s victims appeared behind her as she sang. Later, she was joined on stage by Brazilian artists Anitta and Pabllo Vittar. 这位明星用歌曲《Live to Tell》向死于艾滋病的人们致敬。 当她唱歌时，该疾病受害者的大幅黑白图像出现在她身后。 随后，巴西艺术家 Anitta 和 Pabllo Vittar 也与她一起登上舞台。 Rio city officials estimated that 1.6 million people attended the show. Madonna’s official website called the show the biggest ever in her 40-year career. 里约市官员估计有 160 万人观看了演出。 麦当娜的官方网站称这场演出是她40年职业生涯中规模最大的一次。 “Since Madonna arrived here, I’ve been coming every day with this outfit to welcome my idol, my diva, my pop queen,” said 69-year-old retiree Rosemary de Oliveira Bohrer. She wore a gold-colored top and a black cap in a style that Madonna made popular. “自从麦当娜来到这里以来，我每天都穿着这套衣服来欢迎我的偶像、我的天后、我的流行天后，”69 岁的退休人员罗斯玛丽·德奥利维拉·博雷尔 (Rosemary de Oliveira Bohrer) 说道。 她穿着金色上衣和黑色帽子，这种风格是麦当娜流行的。 Eighteen sound towers were spread along the beach to ensure that all attendees could hear the performance. 沿着海滩分布着十八座音塔，以确保所有参加者都能听到表演。Fan Alessandro Augusto flew about 2,500 kilometers, from Brazil’s Ceara state to Rio, to attend the show. Augusto said, “It’s a unique opportunity to see Madonna, who knows if she’ll ever come back.”范·亚历山德罗·奥古斯托 (Alessandro Augusto) 从巴西塞阿拉州飞往里约，飞行约 2500 公里来参加演出。 奥古斯托说：“这是一个见到麦当娜的独特机会，她知道她是否会回来。” “Welcome Queen!” a drink company announced with advertising around the city. Bars and restaurants prepared special alcoholic drinks named after Madonna songs. A shop known for selling Carnival clothing temporarily became a “Madonna” clothing store. “欢迎女王陛下！” 一家饮料公司宣布在城市各处做广告。 酒吧和餐馆准备了以麦当娜歌曲命名的特殊酒精饮料。 一家以销售嘉年华服装而闻名的商店暂时变成了“麦当娜”服装店。Several huge concerts have taken place on Copacabana beach before, including musician Rod Stewart’s 1994 show. It took place on New Year’s Eve as part of the city’s holiday celebration. About 4 million people attended. However, not all necessarily took in the music show. 科帕卡巴纳海滩此前曾举办过几场大型音乐会，其中包括音乐家罗德·斯图尔特 (Rod Stewart) 1994 年的演出。 它发生在除夕夜，作为该市节日庆祝活动的一部分。 约有400万人参加。 然而，并非所有人都一定参加了音乐表演。 And, in 2006, a Rolling Stones concert drew 1.2 million people onto the famed beach, the newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo reported at the time. 据《圣保罗页报》当时报道，2006 年，滚石乐队的一场音乐会吸引了 120 万人来到这片著名的海滩。Madonna fan Ana Beatriz Soares attended the show Saturday. She said Madonna has made her mark across the years. 麦当娜的粉丝安娜·贝阿特丽斯·苏亚雷斯周六出席了演出。 她说麦当娜多年来已经留下了自己的印记。 “Madonna had to run so that today’s pop artists could walk. That’s why she’s important, because she serves as an inspiration for today’s pop divas,” she said. “And that’s 40 years ago. Not 40 days, 40 months. It’s 40 years,” she added. “麦当娜必须跑步，这样今天的流行艺术家才能走路。 这就是为什么她很重要，因为她是当今流行天后的灵感来源，”她说。 “那是 40 年前的事了。 不是40天，是40个月。 40 年了，”她补充道。 

Financial support for climate technology startups in Africa from the private sector is growing. Businesses have raised more than $3.4 billion since 2019. However, the continent requires $277 billion each year to meet its climate goals for 2030. 私营部门对非洲气候技术初创企业的财政支持正在增加。 自 2019 年以来，企业已筹集超过 34 亿美元。然而，非洲大陆每年需要 2770 亿美元才能实现 2030 年的气候目标。 Experts say to receive more money, African countries need to deal with risks such as unexpected currency value changes. And they say investors need to expand into different climate sectors, including flood protection, disaster management and heat management. Investors should also use more kinds of funding methods. 专家表示，为了获得更多资金，非洲国家需要应对货币价值意外变化等风险。 他们表示，投资者需要扩展到不同的气候领域，包括防洪、灾害管理和热量管理。 投资者还应该采用更多种类的融资方式。 Africa: The Big Deal is a financial support database. It says that last year, climate tech startups on the continent raised $1.04 billion. That is a 9 percent increase from the year before and three times what they raised in 2019. That increase comes as overall money for startups in Africa fell last year. Africa: The Big Deal 是一个金融支持数据库。 据称，去年非洲大陆的气候技术初创公司筹集了 10.4 亿美元。 这比前一年增长了 9%，是 2019 年筹集资金的三倍。这一增长是在去年非洲初创企业的总体资金下降的情况下实现的。 The money climate tech startups raised last year was more than one-third of all monies raised by startups in Africa in 2023. It came in second to financial technology, a more established sector. 去年，气候科技初创公司筹集的资金占 2023 年非洲初创公司筹集资金总额的三分之一以上。它位居第二，仅次于更为成熟的金融技术领域。 Venture capital is usually given to business with large risk but great long-term growth possibilities. Startups use it to expand into new markets and to get products and services on the market. 风险投资通常给予风险较大但长期增长潜力巨大的企业。 初创公司利用它来拓展新市场并将产品和服务推向市场。 Even with the noted growth, private sector financing represented only 14 percent of all of Africa’s climate finance from 2019 to 2020. That information comes from a study by Climate Policy Initiative, a finance and policy research organization. 尽管增长显着，但 2019 年至 2020 年，私营部门融资仅占非洲气候融资总额的 14%。该信息来自金融和政策研究组织气候政策倡议的一项研究。 That number is far lower than in other parts of the world. In East Asia and the Pacific, for example, private sector financing represents 39 percent of climate finance. And in Latin America and the Caribbean, it makes up 49 percent. 这个数字远远低于世界其他地区。 例如，在东亚和太平洋地区，私营部门融资占气候融资的 39%。 在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，这一比例为 49%。 Sandy Okoth works at FSD Africa. The non-profit organization receives funding from the British government. Okoth said the low financial support in Africa is linked to investors putting money in areas they are more familiar with, such as renewable energy technology. Less money comes in for “more complex” technology, Okoth said. That includes technology for adapting to climate change, he added. 桑迪·奥科斯 (Sandy Okoth) 在 FSD Africa 工作。 该非营利组织接受英国政府的资助。 奥科斯表示，非洲的财政支持较低与投资者将资金投入他们更熟悉的领域有关，例如可再生能源技术。 奥科斯说，“更复杂”的技术投入的资金更少。 他补充说，这包括适应气候变化的技术。 Wetility is a renewable energy startup based in South Africa. Last year, it secured funding of $48 million, mostly from private equity, to expand its operations. Wetility 是一家位于南非的可再生能源初创公司。 去年，该公司获得了 4800 万美元的资金，主要来自私募股权，用于扩大业务。 The startup provides solar panels for homes and businesses and an online service that permits users to remotely access power usage. It aims to solve the problems of energy access and dependability in southern Africa. 该初创公司为家庭和企业提供太阳能电池板，并提供允许用户远程访问用电情况的在线服务。 它旨在解决南部非洲的能源获取和可靠性问题。 Vincent Maposa is founder and chief executive officer of Wetility. He said, “Private sector financing in African climate is still rather low.” But he added that there is clear growth. Vincent Maposa 是 Wetility 的创始人兼首席执行官。 他说：“非洲气候下的私营部门融资仍然相当低。” 但他补充说，增长明显。 Maëlis Carraro is partner at Catalyst Fund. The Kenya-based venture capital fund supports climate adaption solutions. She urged for more diverse funding, such as mixing private and public sector funding together. Maëlis Carraro 是 Catalyst 基金的合伙人。 总部位于肯尼亚的风险投资基金支持气候适应解决方案。 她敦促提供更加多样化的资金，例如将私人和公共部门的资金混合在一起。 She said one aim of public financing should be to bring more private sector capital into financing climate initiatives. 她表示，公共融资的目标之一应该是吸引更多私营部门资本为气候举措提供融资。 She added, “We need the private sector and the public sector to work together to unlock more financing.” 她补充道，“我们需要私营部门和公共部门共同努力，释放更多资金。” 

Robert Burns is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, perhaps best known for Auld Lang Syne, which is sung across the world on Hogmanay. 罗伯特·彭斯被公认为是苏格兰的民族诗人，他最著名的作品应该就是《友谊地久天长》，这首歌在新年前夜被全世界传唱。The National Trust for Scotland's online portal will allow people to view fragments of one of only six known manuscripts of the poem, dating from 1793.苏格兰国民信托的在线门户网站将允许人们查看这首诗仅存的六份手稿其中之一的碎片，手稿年份可以追溯到1793年。The wedding ring of Burns's wife Jean Armour will also be on show, as will a lock of hair belonging to the woman believed to have inspired the song 'Highland Mary'. A blue monogrammed sock is also featured. It reveals Burns was a size eight.展品还包括彭斯妻子简·阿莫尔的婚戒、一缕头发——据说这缕头发的主人正是启发彭斯创作歌曲《高原玛丽》的那位女士。此外，还有一只织有花押字的蓝色袜子，从这只袜子可以看出，彭斯穿8码的鞋子。词汇表widely regarded 被公认，普遍认为Hogmanay （苏格兰的）除夕，新年前夜online portal 在线门户fragments 碎片manuscripts 手稿lock of hair 一缕头发inspired 启发了，赋予了灵感monogrammed 有花押字的

Over half of American TV viewers now use subtitles whenever they watch TV, according to survey company YouGov. This trend is even more noticeable in viewers under 30. Subtitles have long been used to help people with hearing impairments or to allow people to watch films in a different language, but why has their use become so widespread?据调查公司 YouGov 称，现在超过一半的美国电视观众在看电视时都会使用字幕。 这种趋势在 30 岁以下的观众中更为明显。长期以来，字幕一直被用来帮助听力障碍人士或让人们观看不同语言的电影，但为什么字幕的使用变得如此广泛？The reasons for this are both technical and social. Advances in digital sound production and microphones mean that actors can be more natural in their vocal performance, while at the same time audio directors are able to make more and more dramatic soundscapes. Combined with the much smaller speakers contained in modern TV sets, this can all make dialogue seem unintelligible.造成这种情况的原因既有技术原因，也有社会原因。 数字声音制作和麦克风的进步意味着演员的声乐表演可以更加自然，同时音频导演也能够制作出越来越戏剧性的音景。 再加上现代电视机中包含的小得多的扬声器，这一切都会使对话显得难以理解。Smartphones may play a role. We are used to subtitled social media videos that can be watched without headphones. Smartphones also allow us to watch film and TV in public places where they are not easily audible.  Another social reason could be the increased appetite for programmes in other languages accessible through international streaming services.智能手机可能会发挥一定作用。 我们已经习惯了无需耳机即可观看的带字幕的社交媒体视频。 智能手机还允许我们在不易被听到的公共场所观看电影和电视。 另一个社会原因可能是人们对通过国际流媒体服务访问的其他语言节目的兴趣增加。While some viewers may consider subtitles to be distracting, or worry about the potential for spoilers, they don't just help with unclear audio. A number of studies have suggested that subtitles could help people to increase their vocabulary and boost their listening skills in languages that they do not currently speak.虽然一些观众可能认为字幕会分散注意力，或者担心可能会剧透，但它们不仅仅有助于解决不清楚的音频。 许多研究表明，字幕可以帮助人们增加词汇量并提高他们目前不会说的语言的听力技能。This may be particularly effective when subtitles are in the same language as the audio track of the programme. Same-language subtitles have also been shown to help young children develop their reading skills in their first language, to the point where campaigners have suggested enabling subtitles on all children's programmes by default.当字幕与节目音轨采用相同语言时，这可能特别有效。 同语言字幕也被证明可以帮助幼儿发展母语的阅读技能，以至于活动人士建议默认在所有儿童节目中启用字幕。词汇表viewers 观众hearing impairment 听觉障碍digital sound production 数字声音制作natural 自然的vocal performance 声乐表演audio director 音频导演dramatic soundscape 戏剧化的声景dialogue 对话unintelligible 无法理解的audible 听得见的，可以听到的distracting 分散注意力的spoiler 剧透unclear 不清楚的audio track 音轨same-language subtitles 同语言字幕enable 使…可能

Worobey said the virus likely spreads among the cows due to contact with milking machines, trucks or the shoes of farm workers. It then moves from cow to cow before making its way back to birds. Worobey said birds tested on the same farms as sick cows have a form of the virus with “clear mammalian adaptations.” In other words, the virus shows signs of changing before infecting the bird populations. 沃罗比说，由于接触挤奶机、卡车或农场工人的鞋子，病毒可能在奶牛之间传播。然后它从一头牛转移到另一头牛，最后又回到鸟类身上。沃罗比说，在与病牛相同的农场进行测试的鸟类携带了一种具有“明显的哺乳动物适应性”的病毒。换句话说，病毒在感染鸟类之前就表现出了变化的迹象。 Scientists say the best way to keep the virus from spreading to more cows, and possibly humans, is to test cows as often as possible and follow their movements. 科学家表示，防止病毒传播给更多奶牛（甚至可能是人类）的最佳方法是尽可能频繁地对奶牛进行检测并跟踪它们的活动。 Thomas Friedrich is a virology expert at the University of Wisconsin’s animal medical school. “We need to be able to do greater surveillance so that we know what’s going on.” 托马斯·弗里德里希是威斯康星大学动物医学院的病毒学专家。“我们需要能够进行更大规模的监视，以便我们知道发生了什么。” Worobey said testing for active virus is one thing. But the tests must also look for antibodies, or evidence of past infections.沃罗贝说，检测活性病毒是一回事。但测试还必须寻找抗体或过去感染的证据。 “That is a really accessible and quick way to find out how widespread this is,” he said. 他说：“这是了解这种情况有多普遍的一种非常容易且快速的方法。” Scientists are working to be sure that heating up the milk before it is put into containers for humans to drink is enough to kill the virus. The process is called pasteurization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will have more information about that soon. 科学家们正在努力确保在将牛奶放入容器供人类饮用之前将其加热足以杀死病毒。该过程称为巴氏灭菌。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 将很快提供更多相关信息。 Right now, the FDA recommends humans to avoid raw or unpasteurized milk. Farm workers are also being told to wear masks, wash their hands and change their work clothes often, Aliota said. 目前，美国食品和药物管理局建议人们避免食用生牛奶或未经高温消毒的牛奶。阿利奥塔说，农场工人还被告知要戴口罩、勤洗手并经常更换工作服。 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said 23 people have been tested for the virus so far. One person has tested positive for a mild eye infection. CDC officials are watching for signs of sickness in 44 other people who were in contact with infected animals. 美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，迄今为止已有 23 人接受了病毒检测。一名患者轻度眼部感染检测呈阳性。CDC 官员正在观察另外 44 名接触过受感染动物的人是否有生病迹象。 David O’Connor is a virus expert at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He said that knowing about the virus should not make humans “change anything about how (they) live their daily lives.” 大卫·奥康纳是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的病毒专家。他说，了解这种病毒不应让人类“改变他们的日常生活方式”。 But he said humans should have “increased awareness that something is happening.” 但他表示，人类应该“提高对正在发生的事情的认识”。

The United States plans new rules for the movement of dairy cows between states because of concerns about a bird flu outbreak. 出于对禽流感爆发的担忧，美国计划对各州之间奶牛的流动制定新规则。The virus is called Type A H5N1. It has been found in over 30 different groups of cows across eight states. 该病毒被称为 A 型 H5N1。 已在 8 个州的 30 多个不同的奶牛群中发现了这种病毒。 Some inactive markers of the virus have been found in milk sold in stores. Inactive markers mean the virus is dead and cannot harm humans who drink the milk. 在商店出售的牛奶中发现了一些非活性病毒标记。 不活跃的标记意味着病毒已经死亡，不会伤害喝牛奶的人。 The concern is that the virus could mutate, or change. It could then possibly spread from cows or other animals to humans. Experts, however, believe the risk of that is low. 令人担忧的是病毒可能会变异或改变。 然后它可能从牛或其他动物传播到人类。 然而，专家认为这种风险很低。 After April 29, cows must have been tested and found to not have the virus before they are permitted to be moved between states. 4 月 29 日之后，奶牛必须经过检测并发现没有携带病毒，然后才能获准在各州之间转移。 The virus has been known by scientists to circulate among wild birds. It appears in other animals if they eat sick birds. Some animals that live near the sea have tested positive for the virus, including harbor seals and polar bears. Animals that eat grasses, such as cows and goats, have only recently been found to have the virus. 科学家已知该病毒在野生鸟类中传播。 如果其他动物吃了病鸟，也会出现这种情况。 一些生活在海边的动物的病毒检测呈阳性，包括斑海豹和北极熊。 直到最近才发现牛和山羊等吃草的动物携带这种病毒。Richard Webby is an influenza expert at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Tennessee. He said flu viruses are known for adapting to spread among new animals. Finding the virus in dairy milk raises concerns that it could spread to people, Webby said. 理查德·韦比是田纳西州圣裘德儿童研究医院的流感专家。 他说，众所周知，流感病毒能够适应在新动物之间的传播。 韦比说，在牛奶中发现这种病毒引发了人们对其可能传播给人类的担忧。 Scientists confirmed the virus in cows in March after farmers said their cows were sick. They said the animals’ symptoms included tiredness and low milk production. Some farmers said the milk the sick cows produced was thick and yellow. 三月份，在农民表示他们的奶牛生病后，科学家们证实了奶牛体内存在这种病毒。 他们说，这些动物的症状包括疲倦和产奶量低。 一些农民表示，病牛产出的牛奶又浓又黄。 Matthew Aliota is an animal medicine researcher at the University of Minnesota. He said finding the inactive virus in the milk “suggests this has been going on longer, and is more widespread, than we have previously recognized.” 马修·阿利奥塔（Matthew Aliota）是明尼苏达大学的动物医学研究员。 他说，在牛奶中发现失活病毒“表明这种情况持续的时间比我们之前认识的要长，而且范围更广。” The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently sent out new genetic information about the virus. 美国农业部最近发布了有关该病毒的新基因信息。 Michael Worobey is an evolutionary biologist with the University of Arizona. He said the federal agency information makes him think the virus moved from birds to cows late in 2023. 迈克尔·沃罗贝 (Michael Worobey) 是亚利桑那大学的进化生物学家。 他说，联邦机构的信息让他认为病毒在 2023 年底从鸟类转移到了牛身上。 

Heavy rains and severe flooding have been hitting Kenya since March. They are among the most disastrous rainstorms to hit the East African country in recent years.自三月以来，肯尼亚遭受暴雨和严重洪水袭击。 这是近年来袭击这个东非国家的最具灾难性的暴雨之一。At least 169 people have died from the heavy rains. At least 91 others are missing, the latest government estimates say.至少有169人因暴雨死亡。 政府最新估计称，至少还有 91 人失踪。On Monday, at least 48 people died after water blew through a blocked river tunnel under a railway line in southwestern Kenya.周一，肯尼亚西南部铁路线下一条被堵塞的河流隧道被洪水冲破，造成至少 48 人死亡。The flooding has displaced more than 190,000 people and damaged roads and other structures.洪水导致超过 190,000 人流离失所，道路和其他建筑物受损。Seasonal weather patterns, climate change and other natural weather events all combine to create deadly rainstorms.季节性天气模式、气候变化和其他自然天气事件结合在一起，造成了致命的暴雨。Kenya and some other parts of eastern Africa have two main rainfall periods: the “long rains” season from March to May, and the “short rains” season from October to December.肯尼亚和东非其他一些地区有两个主要降雨期：3月至5月的“长雨”季节和10月至12月的“短雨”季节。The “long rains” season is when most of the country’s average yearly rainfall happens.“长雨”季节是该国年平均降雨量的大部分时间。In its forecast for this year’s “long rains” season, the Kenya Meteorological Department predicted above-average rainfall in many parts of the country. It also warned of flooding, landslides and other harmful effects.肯尼亚气象部门在对今年“长雨”季节的预测中预计，该国许多地区的降雨量将高于平均水平。 它还警告洪水、山体滑坡和其他有害影响。Last year’s “short rains” season saw severe storms in many parts of the country. The meteorological department said Lamu, Mombasa and Garissa areas received nearly three times their long-term average rainfall.去年“短雨”季节，全国多地遭遇严重风暴。 气象部门表示，拉穆、蒙巴萨和加里萨地区的降雨量几乎是长期平均降雨量的三倍。Kenya's rainfall frequency and intensity are affected by a natural climate system called the Indian Ocean Dipole.肯尼亚的降雨频率和强度受到称为印度洋偶极子的自然气候系统的影响。The Indian Ocean Dipole makes the surface of the western Indian Ocean warmer and then colder than the eastern Indian Ocean. It causes heavy rainfall in areas west of the Indian Ocean, such as Kenya, and droughts in Indonesia and Australia.印度洋偶极子使西印度洋的表面比东印度洋先暖后冷。 它导致肯尼亚等印度洋以西地区出现强降雨，并导致印度尼西亚和澳大利亚出现干旱。Joyce Kimutai is a researcher at Imperial College London. She said that, in Kenya’s case, the Indian Ocean Dipole and climate change are likely bringing more severe rainfall and flooding.乔伊斯·基穆泰 (Joyce Kimutai) 是伦敦帝国理工学院的研究员。 她说，就肯尼亚而言，印度洋偶极子和气候变化可能会带来更严重的降雨和洪水。In a study in December last year, Kimutai and other scientists from World Weather Attribution found that human-caused climate change had made last year’s “short rains” season in Kenya and other parts of eastern Africa up to two times more intense.在去年 12 月的一项研究中，Kimutai 和世界天气归因组织的其他科学家发现，人为造成的气候变化使肯尼亚和东非其他地区去年的“短雨”季节强度增加了两倍。It has become more difficult to predict long-term weather in Kenya in recent years. The start and the length of dry and wet seasons have increasingly changed.近年来，预测肯尼亚的长期天气变得更加困难。 旱季和雨季的开始和长度发生了越来越大的变化。The Kenya Meteorological Department expects the “long rains” season to continue into June. In its latest weather report on Monday, the department said it expects heavy rain in six areas of the country. It also predicted flooding in low-lying areas and landslides in hilly areas.肯尼亚气象部门预计“长雨”季节将持续到六月。 该部门在周一最新的天气报告中表示，预计该国六个地区将出现大雨。 它还预测了低洼地区的洪水和丘陵地区的山体滑坡。Flooding in East Africa also has killed more than 150 people in neighboring Tanzania and Somalia. It has also affected hundreds of thousands of people in Ethiopia and Burundi.东非的洪水也导致邻国坦桑尼亚和索马里的 150 多人死亡。 它还影响了埃塞俄比亚和布隆迪的数十万人。

Less than half of Americans say they are getting enough sleep, according to a recent opinion study by the Gallup organization. 盖洛普组织最近的一项民意研究显示，不到一半的美国人表示他们睡眠充足。The poll found that 57 percent of Americans say they would feel better if they could get more sleep. Only 42 percent say they are getting as much sleep as they need. 民意调查发现，57% 的美国人表示，如果能够获得更多睡眠，他们会感觉更好。 只有 42% 的人表示他们的睡眠充足。 Gallup carried out the same kind of study in 2013. That time, the results were different. Fifty-six percent said they got enough sleep, while 43 percent said they did not get enough sleep. 盖洛普在2013年进行了同类研究，但当时的结果有所不同。 56% 的人表示他们睡眠充足，43% 的人表示他们睡眠不足。 Women under the age of 50 were the most likely to report they are not getting enough rest. Only 27 percent of women in that group said they usually get all the sleep they need. 50 岁以下的女性最有可能报告她们没有得到足够的休息。 该群体中只有 27% 的女性表示她们通常能获得所需的全部睡眠。 The poll also asked people to report how many hours of sleep they usually get each night. Only 26 percent said they got eight or more hours. Many sleep experts say adults should aim for eight hours of sleep a night. 该民意调查还要求人们报告他们通常每晚的睡眠时间。 只有 26% 的人表示他们有 8 个小时或更长时间。 许多睡眠专家表示，成年人的目标应该是每晚睡八小时。 Just over half of the respondents reported getting between six and seven hours of sleep a night. And 20 percent said they got five hours or less. That number increased from 2013, when 14 percent of respondents reported getting five hours or less.超过一半的受访者表示每晚睡眠六到七个小时。 20% 的人表示他们的时间不超过五个小时。 这个数字比 2013 年有所增加，当时 14% 的受访者表示工作时间为 5 小时或更少。 Justine Broughal is a self-employed event planner with two small children. She is 31 years old. Her 4-month-old son still wakes up throughout the night. After her 3-year-old daughter goes to bed, she still needs to do some work in the house. That makes it difficult for her to get the sleep she needs. 贾斯汀·布鲁尔 (Justine Broughal) 是一名自营活动策划者，有两个小孩。 她今年 31 岁。 她四个月大的儿子仍然整夜醒来。 3岁的女儿睡觉后，她还需要做一些家务。 这使她很难获得所需的睡眠。 “I really treasure being able to spend time with (my children),” Broughal says. However, she added that it can reduce the amount of time for her to rest and take care of herself. “我真的很珍惜能够与（我的孩子们）共度时光，”布鲁尔说。 然而，她补充说，这会减少她休息和照顾自己的时间。 Claude Fischer is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He said that American culture has valued hard work and productivity since the first European immigrants arrived. He added that the religious beliefs of some groups connected hard work with approval from God. 克劳德·费舍尔是加州大学伯克利分校的社会学教授。 他说，自从第一批欧洲移民抵达以来，美国文化就重视努力工作和生产力。 他补充说，一些群体的宗教信仰将努力工作与上帝的认可联系在一起。 Working hard, he said, “has been a core part of American culture for centuries.” 他说，努力工作“几个世纪以来一直是美国文化的核心部分。” Some Americans also say their busy workdays make them want to stay up late. After a long day of work, spending time at night on social media or watching television can help them lower stress or have some time to themselves. But this reduces the number of hours they can sleep. 一些美国人还表示，忙碌的工作日让他们想熬夜。 经过一整天的工作后，晚上花时间浏览社交媒体或看电视可以帮助他们减轻压力或享受一些独处的时间。 但这会减少他们的睡眠时间。 Liz Meshel has experienced this. The 30-year-old American is temporarily living and doing research in Bulgaria. But she also works a part-time job on U.S. hours to help pay her bills. That means she sometimes works until 10 at night local time. 莉兹·梅舍尔就经历过这一点。 这位30岁的美国人暂时在保加利亚生活和研究。 但她也在美国工作时间做兼职，以帮助支付账单。 这意味着她有时会工作到当地时间晚上 10 点。 When it is close to her bedtime, she said she thinks about the time she did not have for herself during the day. So, she decides to watch television and look at social media instead of getting to sleep earlier. 当临近睡觉时间时，她说她会想起白天没有属于自己的时间。 因此，她决定看电视和浏览社交媒体，而不是早点睡觉。 That, Meshel said, “will always make the problem worse.” 梅舍尔说，这“总是会让问题变得更糟。” 

for example, when the Curiosity rover drives over the area.例如当好奇号火星车驶过该地区时，也可能释放少量甲烷。Pavlov said this theory could help explain why methane levels have only been discovered in the Gale Crater area. It is the only place on Mars where NASA’s Curiosity rover is currently active.巴甫洛夫说，这一理论可以帮助解释为什么只在盖尔陨石坑地区发现了甲烷水平。 这是美国宇航局好奇号火星车目前在火星上唯一活跃的地方。NASA has another rover working on Mars, Perseverance. But it has been exploring the Jezero Crater area on another part of the planet. Jezero Crater is also believed to have contained large water bodies in the distant past. But Perseverance is not equipped with a methane-detecting instrument.美国宇航局还有另一辆火星车“毅力号”正在火星上工作。 但它一直在探索地球另一部分的杰泽罗陨石坑地区。 据信，杰泽罗陨石坑在遥远的过去也曾存在过大型水体。 但毅力号并未配备甲烷检测仪器。Pavlov noted that the latest theory came from his memories of an unrelated experiment carried out in 2017. The experiment involved growing microorganisms in a simulated Martian environment that included frozen soil that contained salt.巴甫洛夫指出，最新的理论来自他对 2017 年进行的一项无关实验的记忆。该实验涉及在模拟火星环境中培养微生物，其中包括含盐的冻土。During that experiment, researchers observed that the collection of soil on top formed an icy, salty crust. Changes in conditions caused the ice to melt, turning the solid material into a gas and leaving the salt behind.在那次实验中，研究人员观察到顶部的土壤聚集形成了冰冷的咸味外壳。 条件的变化导致冰融化，将固体物质变成气体并留下盐。Pavlov’s team tested five samples of frozen soil containing different kinds of salt material commonly found on Mars. A new set of Earth-based experiments was carried out in which the frozen material was exposed to different temperatures and air pressures inside an environment at Goddard that was designed to be like Mars.巴甫洛夫的团队测试了五个冻土样本，其中含有火星上常见的不同种类的盐物质。 进行了一系列新的地球实验，其中将冷冻材料暴露在戈达德的一个设计为类似于火星的环境中的不同温度和气压下。The team was able to repeatedly copy the salt sealing process in Mars-like conditions during laboratory testing. The researchers said they plan to keep carrying out experiments under different conditions and using salt minerals to confirm their theory.该团队能够在实验室测试期间重复复制类似火星条件下的盐密封过程。 研究人员表示，他们计划继续在不同条件下进行实验，并利用盐矿物质来证实他们的理论。But the researchers noted that to carry out more detailed methane investigations, they will likely need a whole new generation of sensitive instruments. These would be designed to measure methane continuously from many places on Mars.但研究人员指出，为了进行更详细的甲烷研究，他们可能需要全新一代的敏感仪器。 这些将被设计用于从火星上的许多地方连续测量甲烷。

Scientists are seeking to find out what is producing the slow release of methane gas on Mars.科学家们正在寻找火星上缓慢释放甲烷气体的原因。Methane often results from biological processes. On Earth, most of the gas comes from living creatures. For this reason, the American space agency NASA has been investigating methane levels on Mars in a search for signs of current or past life. So far, no evidence has been found.甲烷通常来自生物过程。 在地球上，大部分气体来自生物。 出于这个原因，美国宇航局NASA一直在调查火星上的甲烷水平，以寻找当前或过去生命的迹象。 到目前为止，还没有找到任何证据。But a new study is providing fresh details about methane on Mars. NASA’s Curiosity explorer, or rover, has repeatedly measured methane levels on the Martian surface. The rover arrived on Mars in 2012 and has been exploring areas around Gale Crater. This area is believed to have contained a lake at one time and has also shown other evidence of flowing water in the past.但一项新研究提供了有关火星甲烷的新细节。 美国宇航局的好奇号探测器或漫游者多次测量了火星表面的甲烷水平。 该火星车于 2012 年抵达火星，一直在探索盖尔陨石坑周围的区域。 据信该地区曾经有一个湖泊，并且过去还显示出其他流水的证据。NASA says Gale Crater is the only place where methane has been discovered. Even a spacecraft sent to collect data on the Martian atmosphere has not identified the presence of methane. That spacecraft, the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, is operated by the European Space Agency.美国宇航局表示，盖尔陨石坑是唯一发现甲烷的地方。 即使是派去收集火星大气数据的航天器也没有发现甲烷的存在。 该航天器名为 ExoMars 痕量气体轨道飞行器，由欧洲航天局运营。In addition to only being discovered, or detected, around Gale Crater, the observations of methane happen only at night, NASA researchers recently reported. Levels also go up and down during different seasons and at times, rise sharply for short periods.美国宇航局研究人员最近报告说，除了仅在盖尔陨石坑周围发现或探测到甲烷之外，甲烷的观测也只发生在夜间。 水平也会在不同季节上下波动，有时会在短时间内急剧上升。The mysterious methane releases leave scientists considering “a lot of plot twists,” said Curiosity project leader Ashwin Vasavada. But a NASA research group recently proposed a possible explanation for how the gas behaves on Mars.好奇号项目负责人阿什温·瓦萨瓦达 (Ashwin Vasavada) 表示，神秘的甲烷释放让科学家们思考“许多情节曲折”。 但美国宇航局的一个研究小组最近对火星上的气体行为提出了一个可能的解释。The researchers theorize that all detected methane could be trapped, or sealed, underneath hardened pieces of salt in Martian regolith. Regolith describes soil that contains rock and dust that sits on or below the surface.研究人员推测，所有检测到的甲烷都可能被捕获或密封在火星风化层的硬化盐块下面。 风化层描述的是含有岩石和灰尘的土壤，位于地表之上或之下。The scientists say increases in temperature might explain the differences in gas release. During certain seasons or times of day warmer temperatures could weaken the seal on the methane, causing gas to be released.科学家们表示，温度升高可能可以解释气体释放的差异。 在某些季节或一天中的某些时间，气温升高可能会削弱甲烷的密封性，导致气体释放。NASA said the research was led by Alexander Pavlov, a planetary scientist at the agency’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. He said small amounts of methane could also be released when the regolith seal is broken by weight from above美国宇航局表示，这项研究是由该机构马里兰州戈达德太空飞行中心的行星科学家亚历山大·巴甫洛夫领导的。 他说，当风化层密封被上方的重量破坏时。

Human experts spend years roasting and tasting coffee from many places to learn about the beans. They might then combine a coffee bean from Africa with another one from South America to come up with a new blend.人类专家花费数年时间从许多地方烘焙和品尝咖啡，以了解咖啡豆。 然后，他们可能会将非洲的一种咖啡豆与南美的另一种咖啡豆结合起来，制成一种新的混合物。But, a coffee roasting company in Helsinki, Finland is hoping that artificial intelligence, or AI, can help ease the workload.但是，芬兰赫尔辛基的一家咖啡烘焙公司希望人工智能能够帮助减轻工作量。Kaffa Roastery recently launched its “AI-conic” blend at the Helsinki Coffee Festival. The blend is a mixture of four kinds of beans, including Fazenda Pinhal from Brazil. It is the result of a joint project by Kaffa and Elev, a local AI business.Kaffa Roastery 最近在赫尔辛基咖啡节上推出了“AI-conic”混合咖啡。 该混合物由四种咖啡豆混合而成，其中包括来自巴西的 Fazenda Pinhal。 它是 Kaffa 和当地人工智能企业 Elev 联合项目的成果。Elev told The Associated Press that its computer models, similar to ChatGPT and Copilot, created a blend that would “push the boundaries of conventional flavor combinations.”Elev 告诉美联社，其计算机模型与 ChatGPT 和 Copilot 类似，创造了一种混合物，可以“突破传统风味组合的界限”。Svante Hampf is the founder of Kaffa Roastery. He and his partners wanted to do an experiment to see what blend the computer would produce.Svante Hampf 是卡法烘焙工坊的创始人。 他和他的合作伙伴想做一个实验，看看计算机会产生什么混合物。“We basically gave descriptions of all our coffee types and their flavors to AI and instructed it to create a new exciting blend,” Hampf said.“我们基本上向人工智能提供了所有咖啡类型及其口味的描述，并指示它创造出一种新的令人兴奋的混合物，”汉普夫说。The “AI-conic” blend combined beans from Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia and Guatemala. It is described as “a well-balanced blend of sweetness and ripe fruit.”“AI-conic”混合咖啡豆融合了来自巴西、哥伦比亚、埃塞俄比亚和危地马拉的咖啡豆。 它被描述为“甜味和成熟水果的均衡混合”。Hampf said he thought the combination was “somewhat weird.” He was surprised that the AI program chose to make the blend out of four different kinds of beans. Most humans choose only two or three beans.汉普夫说他认为这种组合“有点奇怪”。 他对人工智能程序选择用四种不同种类的豆子进行混合感到惊讶。 大多数人只选择两到三种豆子。However, after the first blind test of the new blend, Kaffa’s coffee experts agreed that the AI-assisted blend was perfect. There was no need to change.然而，在对新混合咖啡进行第一次盲测后，Kaffa 的咖啡专家一致认为人工智能辅助混合咖啡是完美的。 没有必要改变。Elev’s Antti Merilehto said “AI-conic” is an example of “how AI can introduce new perspectives to seasoned professionals.”Elev 的 Antti Merilehto 表示，“AI-conic”是“人工智能如何为经验丰富的专业人士引入新视角”的一个例子。The International Coffee Organization says that the 5.6 million people in Finland drink the most coffee per person in the world. And the roasters at Kaffa said they hope the AI project will help to bring more things to the strong coffee culture in the country.国际咖啡组织表示，芬兰 560 万人的人均咖啡饮用量位居世界第一。 Kaffa 的烘焙师表示，他们希望人工智能项目能够为该国浓厚的咖啡文化带来更多东西。Hampf called it a “first step,” adding, “I think AI has plenty to offer us in the long run. We are particularly impressed of the coffee taste descriptions it created.”汉普夫称其为“第一步”，并补充道，“我认为从长远来看，人工智能可以为我们提供很多东西。 它所创造的咖啡口味描述给我们留下了特别深刻的印象。”

A new, small robotic camera designed to be swallowed for use in medical examinations was recently demonstrated at a conference in Canada. The device called PillBot can be guided through a body remotely, meaning electronically from outside. Its creators hope the device will replace traditional endoscopies. An endoscopy is when a camera attached to a wire is directed down the throat and into a sleeping patient’s stomach.最近在加拿大的一次会议上展示了一种新型小型机器人相机，其设计可被吞咽以用于医学检查。 这种名为 PillBot 的设备可以通过身体远程引导，即从外部以电子方式引导。 它的创造者希望该设备能够取代传统的内窥镜。 内窥镜检查是将连接在电线上的摄像头引导到熟睡患者的喉咙并进入胃部。The company Endiatx based in Hayward, California, developed the device. The research hospital, Mayo Clinic, in Rochester, Minnesota, is a partner in the project.总部位于加利福尼亚州海沃德的 Endiatx 公司开发了该设备。 位于明尼苏达州罗彻斯特的研究医院梅奥诊所是该项目的合作伙伴。The PillBot is designed to be the first motorized endoscopic camera. Here is how developers say it works: A patient does not eat for one day, then swallows the PillBot with lots of water. The PillBot acts like a small submarine controlled by a wireless remote control. When the exam is complete, the body will expel the PillBot in the same way it expels other solid waste.PillBot 被设计为第一台电动内窥镜摄像机。 开发人员介绍其工作原理是这样的：患者一天不进食，然后用大量的水吞下 PillBot。 PillBot 就像一艘由无线遥控器控制的小型潜艇。 检查完成后，身体会像排出其他固体废物一样排出 PillBot。Dr. Vivek Kumbhari is co-founder of the company. He is professor of medicine and chairman of gastroenterology and hepatology at the Mayo Clinic. It is the latest step toward his larger goal of making complex medicine more accessible.Vivek Kumbhari 博士是该公司的联合创始人。 他是梅奥诊所的医学教授兼胃肠病学和肝病学主席。 这是他朝着让复杂医学更容易获得的更大目标迈出的最新一步。If endoscopies can be moved from a hospital setting to a patient’s home, he said, "then I think we have achieved that goal." Use of the device would require fewer medical workers and no anesthesia, he said. The device provides "a safer, more comfortable approach,” he added.他说，如果内窥镜检查可以从医院转移到患者家中，“那么我认为我们已经实现了这一目标。” 他说，使用该设备将需要更少的医务人员，并且不需要麻醉。 他补充说，该设备提供了“一种更安全、更舒适的方法”。Kumbhari also said the technology is more efficient and permits people to get treatment earlier in the progress of a disease.Kumbhari 还表示，该技术更有效，可以让人们在疾病进展的早期得到治疗。Alex Luebke is the co-founder of Endiatx. He said the PillBot can help people in rural areas where medical centers and treatment are lacking.Alex Luebke 是 Endiatx 的联合创始人。 他说 PillBot 可以帮助缺乏医疗中心和治疗的农村地区的人们。"Especially in developing countries, there is no access" to complex medical care, he said. "So being able to have the technology, gather all that information and provide you the solution, even in remote areas - that's the way to do it.”他说，“特别是在发展中国家，无法获得”复杂的医疗服务。 “因此，即使在偏远地区，也能够拥有技术、收集所有信息并为您提供解决方案 - 这就是做到这一点的方法。”The micro-robotic pill is undergoing testing. It could come before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for consideration in the coming months. If approved, the PillBot could be available by 2026.微型机器人药丸正在接受测试。 它可能会在未来几个月内提交美国食品和药物管理局考虑。 如果获得批准，PillBot 可能会在 2026 年上市。Kumbhari hopes the technology can be expanded to the bowels, vascular system, heart, liver, brain and other parts of the body.Kumbhari希望这项技术能够扩展到肠道、血管系统、心脏、肝脏、大脑和身体的其他部位。

International health experts have agreed on a new definition of what it means for a disease to spread “through the air.”国际卫生专家就疾病“通过空气”传播的含义达成了新的定义。The agreement came after the World Health Organization (WHO) cooperated with hundreds of international health experts to explain or clarify the meaning. The WHO said the technical document it issued was the first step towards finding better methods to prevent airborne disease spread.该协议是在世界卫生组织（WHO）与数百名国际卫生专家合作解释或澄清其含义后达成的。 世界卫生组织表示，其发布的技术文件是寻找更好的方法来防止空气传播疾病传播的第一步。The document says the term "through the air" can be used for infectious diseases in which the main spread involves a pathogen traveling through the air or being suspended in the air. The experts said this is similar to the official description of "waterborne" diseases.该文件称，“通过空气”一词可用于主要传播涉及病原体通过空气传播或悬浮在空气中的传染病。 专家表示，这与官方对“水传播”疾病的描述类似。The WHO’s new explanation is an effort to avoid public misunderstandings about how some diseases can be passed through the air or are “airborne.”世界卫生组织的新解释是为了避免公众对某些疾病如何通过空气传播或“空气传播”产生误解。Such misunderstandings happened during the COVID-19 pandemic. The WHO was criticized by many scientists during the early days of COVID-19 in 2020. They accused the U.N. health agency of failing to warn the public early on that the virus could spread through the air.此类误解在 COVID-19 大流行期间发生过。 2020 年 COVID-19 爆发初期，世界卫生组织受到许多科学家的批评。他们指责联合国卫生机构未能及早警告公众该病毒可能通过空气传播。The scientists said this led to too much public guidance centered on handwashing and similar measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. They said this guidance ignored other measures, such as looking at the spread of viruses through ventilation systems.科学家们表示，这导致了太多以洗手和类似措施为中心的公共指导，以防止 COVID-19 的传播。 他们表示，该指南忽略了其他措施，例如观察病毒通过通风系统的传播。By July 2020, the agency said there was "evidence emerging" of airborne spread. Soumya Swaminathan was WHO chief scientist during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Swaminathan began a process to agree on a new definition for airborne disease spread. She later said she thinks the agency should have been more forceful in that message "much earlier."该机构表示，到 2020 年 7 月，“有证据表明”空气传播。 Soumya Swaminathan 在新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 大流行初期担任世卫组织首席科学家。 斯瓦米纳坦开始就空气传播疾病传播的新定义达成一致。 她后来说，她认为该机构应该“更早”更强有力地传达这一信息。Swaminathan’s successor, Jeremy Farrar, recently told Reuters news agency the new definition was about more than COVID-19. He added that at the beginning of the pandemic there was a lack of available evidence. He said experts including the WHO had acted in "good faith." At the time, he headed the Wellcome Trust charity and advised the British government on COVID-19.斯瓦米纳坦的继任者杰里米·法勒 (Jeremy Farrar) 最近告诉路透社，新定义不仅仅涉及 COVID-19。 他补充说，在大流行开始时，缺乏可用的证据。 他说，包括世界卫生组织在内的专家都是本着“善意”行事的。 当时，他是 Wellcome Trust 慈善机构的负责人，并就 COVID-19 向英国政府提供建议。Farrar said the new definition would permit discussions to begin about issues such as ventilation in different kinds of buildings including hospitals and schools. He compared the issue to the realization that blood-borne viruses, like HIV or hepatitis B, could be spread by medics not wearing gloves.法勒表示，新的定义将允许开始讨论医院和学校等不同类型建筑的通风等问题。 他将这个问题与认识到艾滋病毒或乙型肝炎等血源性病毒可能由不戴手套的医务人员传播的认识进行了比较。"When I started out, medical students, nurses, doctors, none of us wore gloves to take blood," Farrar said. "Now it is unthinkable that you wouldn’t wear gloves. But that came because everyone agreed on what the issue was, they agreed on the terminology… [The change, in practice,] came later," he added.“当我刚开始时，医学生、护士、医生，我们都没有戴手套来采血，”法勒说。 “现在，你不戴手套是不可想象的。但这是因为每个人都同意问题是什么，他们就术语达成一致……[实际上，变化]是后来发生的，”他补充道。

For the first time, the public will be able to go on guided tours of Buckingham Palace's East Wing. That includes the famous front facade with a balcony that's been the focus of so many big royal occasions, although visitors won't be able to step out onto the balcony and wave to the tourists below.这将是公众首次能够在导游的带领下参观白金汉宫东翼。可供参观的区域包括宫殿正面著名的标志性阳台，这座阳台是许多重大王室活动的焦点，不过参观者不能像王室那样走上阳台，向下面的游客们挥手。But in July and August, visitors will be able to see many historic rooms in that wing of the palace previously not open to the public as part of an effort to open up more of the royal estate.王室希望能开放更多居所供民众参观，在今年7月和8月，游客们将能够参观白金汉宫东翼许多历史悠久的房间，这些房间此前从未向公众开放。The palace's East Wing, built in the reign of Queen Victoria, was originally funded by selling the Brighton Pavilion. But modern visitors who want the guided tour, plus a visit to the palace's State Rooms, will have to pay £75.白金汉宫东翼建于英国维多利亚女王统治时期，最初修建该区域靠出售布莱顿皇家行宫（又称 “英王阁”）所得的资金。而如今游客如果想参加这个由导游带领的东翼游览活动，包括参观国事厅，就必须支付75英镑的游览费。词汇表facade （大型建筑物的）正立面step out 走出royal estate 王室居所reign 统治时期，君主在位时期funded 由…提供资金State Rooms （白金汉宫）国事厅

We hear family members and teachers telling us to "sit up straight" and "stand tall", but do they say that because an erect posture is more aesthetically pleasing, or is it the key to a pain-free back? It's commonly believed that 'slump' sitting or 'slouch' standing damages our spines. But, is slouching really that bad?我们听到家人和老师告诉我们“坐直”和“站直”，但他们是说因为直立的姿势更美观，还是背部不疼痛的关键？ 人们普遍认为“低头”坐姿或“无精打采”站立会损害我们的脊柱。 但是，驼背真的有那么糟糕吗？Meghan Markowski, physiotherapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital, says that a poor posture can lead to neck pain and back problems. She also links it to other problems like poor balance, headaches and breathing difficulties. Meghan says we should aim for an upright spine position and to avoid flexing and arching our backs. But, if you're a sloucher, there may be some good news coming from the last two decades of research…哈佛大学附属布莱根妇女医院的物理治疗师梅根·马科夫斯基表示，不良姿势会导致颈部疼痛和背部问题。 她还将其与平衡不良、头痛和呼吸困难等其他问题联系起来。 梅根说，我们应该以直立的脊柱姿势为目标，避免弯曲和拱起背部。 但是，如果你是个懒散的人，过去二十年的研究可能会带来一些好消息……In an article called "Sit Up Straight: Time to Re-evaluate", physiotherapist Diane Slater and colleagues review the current research and conclude that there is no strong evidence that slouching aggravates back pain, or even that a perfect posture exists. Instead, they argue that differences in our spinal curvatures are a fact of life, and that our backs are stronger than we think.在一篇名为《坐直：重新评估的时候》的文章中，物理治疗师黛安·斯莱特及其同事回顾了当前的研究，得出的结论是，没有强有力的证据表明弯腰会加重背痛，甚至没有完美的姿势存在。 相反，他们认为我们脊柱弯曲的差异是生活中的事实，而且我们的背部比我们想象的更强壮。So, we're not sure that slouching causes back pain, but have you ever felt like slouching puts you in a worse mood? A 2014 study by Johannes Michalak and colleagues found that depressed participants in a slumped seated position remembered more negative words than positive, but this improved once they sat upright. That means that the way we sit might make us feel more negative. Should we sit up straight and stand tall then?所以，我们不确定弯腰驼背是否会导致背痛，但您是否曾经感觉弯腰驼背会让您的心情变得更糟？ Johannes Michalak 及其同事在 2014 年进行的一项研究发现，抑郁的参与者在弯腰坐姿时记住的消极词汇多于积极词汇，但一旦他们坐直，这种情况就会有所改善。 这意味着我们的坐姿可能会让我们感到更加消极。 那我们是不是应该坐直、站直呢？Something both sides seem to agree on is that we should avoid staying in one static posture throughout the day – we should change positions and stretch. The human spine is designed to be on the move and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of back pain. If you're unable to do this, slouching in front of your computer all day may cause you discomfort, but the evidence tells us it's not actually damaging your spine.双方似乎都同意，我们应该避免整天保持一种静态姿势——我们应该改变姿势并伸展身体。 人类的脊柱是为了移动而设计的，久坐的生活方式会增加背痛的风险。 如果您无法做到这一点，那么整天懒洋洋地坐在电脑前可能会让您感到不适，但证据告诉我们，这实际上并不会损害您的脊柱。词汇表erect posture 昂首挺胸的姿势，腰板挺直的姿势aesthetically pleasing 雅观的，看着舒服的pain-free 无痛的slump sitting 弯腰弓背的坐姿，懒散的坐姿slouch standing 弯腰驼背的站姿spine 脊柱physiotherapist 理疗医师upright 挺直的flex 向后弯曲arch 向后拱sloucher 低头垂肩的人，弯腰驼背的人aggravate 加重，使严重spinal curvature 脊柱弯曲static 静止的on the move 活动的sedentary 久坐不动的discomfort 不适 

Whether it's clubs such as Bury going bust, Derby's current financial problems or the 'big six' wanting to form a breakaway super league, the government's view is football needs protecting, at times from itself.无论是像贝里这样的足球俱乐部面临破产、德比郡目前的财务问题，还是英超 “六大豪门” 想要脱离联赛、单独成立一项超级联赛，面对这些足坛危机，英国政府的看法是：足球需要保护，有时甚至需要保护其免受自身的伤害。It wants English football to have an independent regulator to keep spending under control, and it wants fans to have more of a say in how their club is run – from the location of a new stadium to changes in kit colour. And anyone wanting to own a football club should not only face financial background checks but scrutiny of their integrity.英国政府希望英格兰足球联赛能由一个独立的监管机构来控制支出，并就俱乐部的运营方式，从新球场的地点到球衣颜色的变化等方面，赋予球迷更多的话语权。而任何想要拥有一家足球俱乐部的人，不仅应接受财务背景调查，还应接受审查，以确认其品行端正。These proposals could take time to become law – if they do at all. And they're expected to face opposition from some in the game who fear change could affect the competitive balance or levels of investment.这些提议就算有可能成为正式法规，也需要时间。预计新建议将面临一些足坛人士的反对，他们担心变化可能会影响竞争平衡和投资水平。词汇表going bust 破产，倒闭the 'big six' 英超 “六大豪门” 足球俱乐部regulator 监管机构fans 球迷scrutiny 详细审查integrity 品行端正、诚实opposition 反对意见competitive balance 竞争平衡

An ancient fossil found by a girl and her father on a beach in England belongs to a creature that might have been among the largest animals ever on Earth.一个女孩和她的父亲在英格兰的海滩上发现了一块古老的化石，属于一种可能是地球上最大的动物之一的生物。Researchers said in a recent study that the fossilized bone, called a surangular, was from a reptile called an ichthyosaur that lived in the sea. Based on its size, compared to the same bone in closely related ichthyosaurs, the researchers estimated that the creature was between 22 and 26 meters long. They named it Ichthyotitan severnensis.研究人员在最近的一项研究中表示，这块被称为“苏拉格”的骨骼化石来自一种生活在海中的鱼龙爬行动物。 根据其大小，与密切相关的鱼龙的同一块骨头相比，研究人员估计该生物的长度在 22 至 26 米之间。 他们将其命名为 Ichthyotitan severnensis。That would make it possibly the largest known marine reptile. Its size would be close to the largest whales alive today. The blue whale, considered the largest animal ever to have lived, can reach about 30 meters in length.这将使它可能成为已知最大的海洋爬行动物。 它的大小接近当今现存最大的鲸鱼。 蓝鲸被认为是有史以来最大的动物，体长可达 30 米左右。Marine reptiles lived in the world's oceans at the same time that dinosaurs lived on the land. Ichthyosaurs disappeared 90 million years ago. They came in several sizes. The creatures ate fish and other sea animals.海洋爬行动物生活在世界各地的海洋中，同时恐龙生活在陆地上。 鱼龙在九千万年前就消失了。 它们有多种尺寸。 这些生物吃鱼和其他海洋动物。Ichthyotitan, however, is known only from two jawbones. The jaw forms the lower part of the mouth.然而，鱼泰坦仅通过两块颌骨而被了解。 下颌形成嘴的下部。Ruby Reynolds and her father Justin Reynolds found one of the bones in 2020 at Blue Anchor in Somerset. The other bone is from a different Ichthyotitan individual found in 2016, along the Somerset coast at Lilstock.鲁比·雷诺兹 (Ruby Reynolds) 和她的父亲贾斯汀·雷诺兹 (Justin Reynolds) 于 2020 年在萨默塞特郡的蓝锚发现了其中一根骨头。 另一块骨头来自于 2016 年在利尔斯托克萨默塞特海岸发现的另一个鱼泰坦个体。Dean Lomax was the lead writer of the study published recently in PLOS ONE. Lomax said, "It is quite remarkable to think that gigantic, blue whale-sized ichthyosaurs were swimming in the oceans around the time that dinosaurs were walking on land in what is now the UK (Britain) during the Triassic Period.”Dean Lomax 是最近在 PLOS ONE 上发表的这项研究的主要作者。 洛马克斯说：“在三叠纪时期，在现在的英国，恐龙在陆地上行走的时候，巨大的蓝鲸大小的鱼龙正在海洋中游泳，这是非常值得注意的。”The Triassic Period describes a time over 200 million years ago.三叠纪描述的是两亿多年前的一段时期。Ruby Reynolds was 11 at the time she and her father discovered the fossil surangular bone on the beach. Ruby continued to search the area and found a second piece - much larger than the first - partly buried in the ground. They then contacted Lomax, an ichthyosaur expert, and more parts of the bone were unearthed.鲁比·雷诺兹 (Ruby Reynolds) 和父亲在海滩上发现了角骨化石时，她才 11 岁。 鲁比继续搜寻该地区，发现了第二块——比第一块大得多——部分埋在地下。 随后他们联系了鱼龙专家洛马克斯，更多的骨头部分被挖掘出来。Ruby’s part in the discovery has led to comparisons with Mary Anning. Anning was a 19th century British fossil hunter who, among other things, discovered ichthyosaur fossils when she was 12.鲁比在这一发现中所扮演的角色导致人们将其与玛丽·安宁进行比较。 安宁是一位 19 世纪的英国化石猎人，她在 12 岁时发现了鱼龙化石。"I think Mary Anning was an incredible paleontologist, and it's amazing to be compared to her," Ruby said.“我认为玛丽·安宁是一位令人难以置信的古生物学家，与她相比真是太棒了，”鲁比说。Justin Reynolds added, "It has been an amazing...and fun experience to work with these experts, and we are proud to be part of the team and co-authors of a scientific paper which names a new species and genus.”贾斯汀·雷诺兹补充道：“与这些专家一起工作是一次令人惊叹……且有趣的经历，我们很自豪能够成为该团队的一员以及一篇命名新物种和属的科学论文的合著者。”Fossil collector Paul de la Salle found the 2016 remains now identified as Ichthyotitan.化石收藏家 Paul de la Salle 发现了 2016 年的遗骸，现已确定为鱼泰坦。The big marine reptile was a member of a family of giant ichthyosaurs called Shastasauridae. These creatures lived 13 million years later than other ichthyosaurs. They survived until a world-wide event caused many kinds of animals to disappear about 201 million years ago at the end of the Triassic Period.这种大型海洋爬行动物是巨型鱼龙科沙斯塔龙科的成员。 这些生物比其他鱼龙活得晚 1300 万年。 它们一直存活到大约2.01亿年前三叠纪末期，一场世界范围的事件导致多种动物消失。No other fossils from Ichthyotitan have been discovered. But the researchers have been able to guess at its appearance based on other members of its family, including Shonisaurus from British Columbia, Canada.尚未发现其他鱼泰坦化石。 但研究人员已经能够根据其家族的其他成员（包括来自加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的绍尼龙）来猜测它的外观。Study co-writer Jimmy Waldron used the term humbled – meaning to be made to feel less important or proud – to describe the discoveries.研究报告的合著者吉米·沃尔德伦（Jimmy Waldron）用“谦卑”这个词来形容这些发现，意思是让自己感觉不那么重要或不那么自豪。Waldron said, "Discoveries like this create incredible moments where we become humbled at our size and place in the world.”沃尔德伦说：“这样的发现创造了令人难以置信的时刻，让我们对自己的规模和在世界上的地位感到谦卑。”

As a person of color, I felt this painfully myself.” “作为一个有色人种，我自己也深有体会。”Musandu said he is seeing a demand for his services, but his product is designed to supplement traditional photography not replace it. The goal is to help a buyer make better decisions and reduce product returns and waste.Musandu 表示，他看到了对其服务的需求，但他的产品旨在补充传统摄影，而不是取代它。 目标是帮助买家做出更好的决策并减少产品退货和浪费。In addition, he said, the company creates new jobs for computer programmers, who train the systems that create the models.此外，他说，该公司还为计算机程序员创造了新的就业机会，他们训练创建模型的系统。“If brands are serious about inclusion efforts, they will continue to hire these models of color,” Musandu said.“如果品牌认真对待包容性努力，他们将继续雇用这些有色人种模特，”穆桑杜说。Others in the fashion industry are fully using AI. Cameron Wilson is a former fashion photographer who started a company in Britain called The Diigitals. Wilson, who is white, designed a Black, female model named Shudu in 2017. Wilson was criticized for creating a Black model. But Shudu was used in jobs for companies like Louis Vuitton and BMW. It also helped the human model Alexsandrah. She has worked in fashion shows as a real-life version of the AI model.时尚界的其他人正在充分利用人工智能。 卡梅伦·威尔逊 (Cameron Wilson) 是一位前时尚摄影师，他在英国创办了一家名为 The Diigitals 的公司。 威尔逊是白人，他在 2017 年设计了一位名为 Shudu 的黑人女模特。威尔逊因创造黑人模特而受到批评。 但 Shudu 曾在路易威登和宝马等公司工作过。 它还帮助了人体模型亚历山德拉。 她曾作为现实版的人工智能模特参加时装秀。Alexsandrah said she is proud of her work that has come from The Diigitals. “The future generations can look back at and be like, ‘These are the pioneers,’” she said.Alexsandrah 表示她对 The Diigitals 的作品感到自豪。 “子孙后代回顾过去时会说，‘他们是先驱者’，”她说。Other models are not feeling so good about AI. Yve Edmond works as a “fit model.” She tries on clothes for companies who want to see how their designs fit a real person. She worries that the AI modeling companies are using images and videos of real people to train their systems. She calls that a violation because humans are not being paid for their part in the technology.其他模型对人工智能的感觉不太好。 伊夫·埃德蒙 (Yve Edmond) 是一名“试衣模特”。 她为那些想看看自己的设计是否适合真人的公司试穿衣服。 她担心人工智能建模公司正在使用真人的图像和视频来训练他们的系统。 她称这是一种违规行为，因为人类在技术中的贡献并没有得到报酬。Edmond said she was called for a photo session, but there were no new clothes. She was asked to move her body in certain ways and walk for a recording. The client said it was “research.” Edmond said she felt “swindled.”埃德蒙说，她被要求拍照，但没有新衣服。 她被要求以某种方式移动身体并步行进行录音。 客户说这是“研究”。 埃德蒙说她感觉“被骗了”。Unlike film actors and writers, who went on strike to protest the use of AI without a legal agreement, there are no similar labor groups for models.与电影演员和作家在没有法律协议的情况下罢工抗议人工智能的使用不同，模特界没有类似的劳工组织。Ziff, of Model Alliance, is pushing for labor laws for fashion workers. The state of New York is working on the Fashion Workers Act. The law would include laws related to models who are used in AI. A model would need to give written permission to a company that planned to use AI to create a computer image of the model. The contract would show the pay rate and the length of time that the replica could be used.模特联盟的齐夫正在推动针对时尚工人的劳动法。 纽约州正在制定《时装工人法案》。 该法律将包括与人工智能中使用的模型相关的法律。 模型需要向计划使用人工智能创建模型的计算机图像的公司提供书面许可。 合同将显示复制品的付费率和使用期限。For AI and the fashion business, it is still early. Ziff compared it to a time of lawlessness in the early American West. Alexsandrah said she believes AI is helping her career—with the right rules. But Edmond is not so sure about AI.对于人工智能和时尚行业来说，现在还为时过早。 齐夫将其与美国西部早期无法无天的时期进行了比较。 Alexsandrah 表示，她相信人工智能正在通过正确的规则帮助她的职业生涯。 但埃德蒙对人工智能不太确定。She said Earth has “a person of every shade, every height, every size. Why not find that person and compensate that person?”她说地球上有“各种肤色、各种身高、各种体型的人。 为什么不找到那个人，补偿那个人呢？”

Alexsandrah is a fashion model in London. She has a twin.Alexsandrah 是伦敦的一名时装模特。 她有一个双胞胎。But her twin is not her sister.但她的双胞胎不是她的妹妹。The twin is a product of Artificial Intelligence, or AI.这对双胞胎是人工智能（AI）的产物。Whenever Alexsandrah is not available to work with a photographer, the virtual twin takes her place.每当 Alexsandrah 无法与摄影师合作时，虚拟双胞胎就会取代她的位置。When a company chooses to use the AI Alexsandrah, the real-life version gets paid. Alexsandrah said her AI twin is exactly like her.当一家公司选择使用人工智能 Alexsandrah 时，现实生活中的版本就会获得报酬。 Alexsandrah 说她的人工智能双胞胎和她一模一样。Alexandrah’s twin is an example of how computer images are influencing creative industries.亚历山德拉的双胞胎是计算机图像如何影响创意产业的一个例子。Those in favor of using AI in fashion say the virtual models permit companies to show possible buyers how their clothing looks on people of all shapes and sizes. In the real world, it would be difficult and costly to find a model for every skin color and body shape.那些支持在时尚界使用人工智能的人表示，虚拟模特可以让公司向潜在买家展示他们的衣服穿在各种身材和体型的人身上是什么样子。 在现实世界中，找到适合每种肤色和体型的模特既困难又昂贵。The companies that make clothing say using AI prevents people from buying their products, trying them on at home, and then sending them back if they dislike them. The problem is that AI models can take work away from human models, makeup artists and photographers.服装制造公司表示，使用人工智能可以防止人们购买他们的产品，在家试穿，如果不喜欢就将其退回。 问题在于人工智能模型可能会抢走真人模特、化妆师和摄影师的工作。The fashion industry has often been criticized for using models who are only white or tall or who fit one idea of beauty. Activists for including many groups in fashion say some companies could seem like they are employing minorities when they are just using AI models.时尚界经常因使用白人或高个子模特或符合一种审美观念的模特而受到批评。 支持将许多时尚群体纳入其中的活动人士表示，一些公司在使用人工智能模型时可能看起来像是在雇佣少数群体。Sara Ziff is a former fashion model who started Model Alliance, a nonprofit group for workers’ rights in the fashion industry. Ziff said the use of AI shows there is a difference between the industry’s words and its actions.萨拉·齐夫 (Sara Ziff) 是一名前时装模特，她创办了模特联盟 (Model Alliance)，这是一个致力于时尚行业工人权利的非营利组织。 Ziff 表示，人工智能的使用表明该行业的言行之间存在差异。Levi Strauss is an American clothing company known for its blue jeans. In March 2023, the company said it would be testing AI-generated models from a company in Amsterdam. The aim was to show how its clothing fit people of all sizes. But after criticism, the company said it would not reduce its use of human models.李维斯 (Levi Strauss) 是一家美国服装公司，以其蓝色牛仔裤而闻名。 2023 年 3 月，该公司表示将测试阿姆斯特丹一家公司的人工智能生成模型。 目的是展示其服装如何适合各种身材的人。 但在受到批评后，该公司表示不会减少人体模型的使用。Levi Strauss said it would not “substitute” AI for action toward its “diversity, equity and inclusion goals.”李维·施特劳斯表示，它不会“取代”人工智能来实现其“多元化、公平和包容性目标”。The Associated Press (AP) recently asked some clothing businesses to state their position on the use of AI models. AP asked Target, Kohls, Nieman Marcus, Walmart and Macys. It also asked international companies Temu, Shein and H&M. Some chose not to answer. Others said they do not use AI models. Walmart said it does not use AI models but “suppliers may have a different approach to photography.”美联社（AP）最近要求一些服装企业表明他们对使用人工智能模型的立场。 美联社询问了塔吉特、科尔斯、尼曼·马库斯、沃尔玛和梅西百货。 它还询问了国际公司 Temu、Shein 和 H&M。 有些人选择不回答。 其他人则表示他们不使用人工智能模型。 沃尔玛表示，它不使用人工智能模型，但“供应商可能有不同的摄影方法。”Lalaland.ai creates AI models. Michael Musandu started the company. Musandu grew up in Africa and studied in the Netherlands. He started the company when he saw that not many models looked like him – Black and African.Lalaland.ai 创建人工智能模型。 迈克尔·穆桑杜 (Michael Musandu) 创办了这家公司。 穆桑杜在非洲长大，在荷兰学习。 当他发现没有多少模特像他一样——黑人和非洲人时，他创办了这家公司。“One model does not represent everyone that’s actually shopping and buying a product,” he said. “一个模型并不能代表所有实际购物和购买产品的人，”他说。 

A new study has found that 41 percent of cancer drugs receiving accelerated government approval do not improve survival or quality of life.一项新研究发现，41% 获得政府加速批准的抗癌药物并不能改善生存或生活质量。The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) accelerated approval program aims to get new drugs to patients as quickly as possible. But the effectiveness of the drugs differs.美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 的加速审批计划旨在尽快为患者提供新药。 但药物的功效不同。The program was created in 1992 to speed up the approval of HIV drugs. Today, about 85 percent of accelerated approvals go to cancer drugs.该计划创建于 1992 年，旨在加快艾滋病毒药物的审批速度。 如今，大约 85% 的加速批准用于抗癌药物。The program helps the FDA collect data on early results of approved drugs. In exchange, drug companies are expected to use the data to do additional testing. They are to produce better evidence before drugs receive normal approval.该计划帮助 FDA 收集已批准药物的早期结果数据。 作为交换，制药公司预计将使用这些数据进行额外的测试。 他们将在药物获得正常批准之前提供更好的证据。The new study suggests most cancer drugs given accelerated approval do not improve or extend patients’ lives within five years.这项新研究表明，大多数加速批准的癌症药物在五年内不会改善或延长患者的生命。Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel is a cancer specialist and bioethicist at the University of Pennsylvania. He was not involved in the research.Ezekiel Emanuel 博士是宾夕法尼亚大学的癌症专家和生物伦理学家。 他没有参与这项研究。Emanuel told The Associated Press (AP) he thinks five years should be enough time to examine the effectiveness of new drugs. “Thousands of people are getting those drugs. That seems a mistake if we don’t know whether they work or not," he added.伊曼纽尔告诉美联社（美联社），他认为五年应该有足够的时间来检验新药的有效性。 “成千上万的人正在服用这些药物。 如果我们不知道它们是否有效，那似乎是一个错误，”他补充道。It is up to the FDA or the drug company to withdraw drugs that do not perform well. Sometimes the FDA decides that less clear evidence is good enough to give full approval.FDA 或制药公司有权撤回表现不佳的药物。 有时 FDA 认为不太明确的证据足以给予完全批准。The new study found that between 2013 and 2017, 46 cancer drugs were given accelerated approval. Of those, 63 percent were moved to normal approval. Forty-three percent demonstrated a good medical result in tests.新研究发现，2013年至2017年间，有46种抗癌药物获得加速批准。 其中，63% 转为正常批准。 百分之四十三的人在测试中表现出良好的医疗结果。The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. It was also discussed at the recent meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in San Diego, California.该研究发表在《美国医学会杂志》上。 最近在加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥举行的美国癌症研究协会会议上也讨论了这一问题。Dr. Edward Cliff of Harvard Medical School was a co-writer of the study. He told the AP it is unclear how much cancer patients understand about drugs with accelerated approval. “We raise the question: Is that uncertainty being conveyed to patients?” he said.哈佛医学院的爱德华·克里夫博士是该研究的合著者。 他告诉美联社，目前尚不清楚癌症患者对加速批准药物的了解程度。 “我们提出一个问题：这种不确定性是否传达给了患者？” 他说。Drugs that received accelerated approval may be the only chance for patients with rare or advanced cancers, said Dr. Jennifer Litton. She is with the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. Litton, who was not involved with the study, said it is important for doctors to carefully explain the evidence.Jennifer Litton 博士表示，获得加速批准的药物可能是罕见或晚期癌症患者的唯一机会。 她在德克萨斯州休斯顿的 MD 安德森癌症中心工作。 利顿没有参与这项研究，他说医生仔细解释证据很重要。“It might be shrinking of tumor. It might be how long the tumor stays stable,” Litton said. “You can provide the data you have, but you shouldn’t overpromise.”“这可能是肿瘤缩小了。 这可能是肿瘤保持稳定的时间，”利顿说。 “你可以提供你所拥有的数据，但你不应该过度承诺。”Congress recently changed the program to give the FDA more power and to simplify the process of withdrawing drugs when companies do not meet their commitments.国会最近修改了该计划，赋予 FDA 更多权力，并简化公司未履行承诺时撤回药品的流程。The changes permit the FDA “to withdraw approval for a drug approved under accelerated approval, when appropriate, more quickly,” said FDA spokesperson Cherie Duvall-Jones. The agency can now require that confirmatory tests be started when the agency gives the first approval. This can speed up the process of confirming how effective a drug is, Duvall-Jones said.FDA 发言人 Cherie Duvall-Jones 表示，这些变化允许 FDA“在适当的情况下，更快地撤回对加速审批下批准的药物的批准”。 该机构现在可以要求在首次批准时开始验证性测试。 杜瓦尔-琼斯说，这可以加快确认药物有效性的过程。

It's been quite a 12 months for Taylor Swift. She's in the middle of a record-breaking tour and stole the show at this year's Grammy Awards.对泰勒·斯威夫特来说，过去的12个月可谓异彩纷呈。除了举办破记录的全球巡回演唱会外，她还在今年的格莱美奖颁奖典礼上抢尽风头，大放光彩。Now she's entered the Forbes World's Billionaires List for the first time with an estimated worth of $1.1bn, ranking among the likes of the tech tycoons Jeff Bezos and Sam Altman, who created the AI chatbot, ChatGPT. 现在，泰勒·斯威夫特以11亿美元的财富估值首次登上福布斯全球亿万富豪榜，加入了科技大亨杰夫·贝索斯和人工智能聊天机器人 ChatGPT （聊天生成型预训练变换模型）创始人萨姆·奥尔特曼等人之列。The French luxury goods titan Bernard Arnault and his family topped the chart with an estimated worth of $233bn, followed by Elon Musk, who owns X, formerly Twitter, with $195bn.法国奢侈品巨头伯纳德·阿尔诺及家族以2330亿美元的财富估值位居榜首，排名第二的是埃隆·马斯克，个人财富约为1950亿美元，他是社交媒体平台 “X”（前身为推特）的所有者。词汇表in the middle of 正忙于record-breaking 破纪录的stole the show 大放异彩，抢尽风头Grammy Awards 格莱美奖estimated worth 财富估值ranking （在榜上）排在…the likes of …之类tech tycoons 科技大亨AI chatbot 人工智能聊天机器人topped the chart 位居榜首，排名第一formerly 以前

Have you heard of these dance moves? The lego leg? A clock blender? Helicopter? Don't worry. By the end of the summer, you may know all these words! Paris is preparing to host the Olympic and Paralympic games, and a new sport will be making its debut.您听说过这些舞蹈动作吗？ 乐高腿？ 时钟搅拌机？ 直升机？ 不用担心。 到夏天结束时，你可能会知道所有这些单词！ 巴黎正在准备举办奥运会和残奥会，一项新的运动项目将首次亮相。Breaking is also known as breakdancing. The dance sport is characterised by stylised footwork, acrobatic movements and freezing, where the B-boy or B-girl stops all movement, often upside down and balancing on one hand. From power moves like windmills and head spins, breakdancers really push the limits of physicality and creativity.霹雳舞也称为霹雳舞。 这项舞蹈运动的特点是程式化的步法、杂技动作和冻结，其中 B-boy 或 B-girl 停止所有动作，通常是倒立并用一只手保持平衡。 通过风车和旋转等力量动作，霹雳舞者真正突破了身体素质和创造力的极限。It was in the streets of the Bronx, New York, in the 1970s that breaking emerged as a revolutionary dance form, deeply rooted in hip-hop culture. It's come a long way from there to the world stage in Paris. Athletes from around the world will showcase their skills in one-on-one battles, where each dancer has 60 seconds to impress the judges with their improvisation and proficiency in six criteria: creativity, versatility, performance skills, personality, technique and musicality.20 世纪 70 年代，在纽约布朗克斯的街道上，霹雳舞作为一种革命性的舞蹈形式出现，深深植根于嘻哈文化中。 从那里到巴黎的世界舞台已经走了很长的路。 来自世界各地的运动员将在一对一的比赛中展示他们的技能，每位舞者有 60 秒的时间通过他们的即兴表演和对六个标准的熟练程度给评委留下深刻印象：创造力、多才多艺、表演技巧、个性、技术和音乐性。However, as breaking moves from a lifestyle to a competitive sport, some fear it risks losing its spontaneity and creativity. Thorsten Sufke, President of the Berlin Dance Sport Association, emphasises that breaking is an expression of urban culture, representing the raw energy of the streets, while B-Boy Carl Ferdinand Beccard expresses concerns that the Olympic format may suppress the artistic freedom of breaking, reducing it to a checklist of predefined moves.然而，随着突破从一种生活方式转变为一项竞技运动，一些人担心它可能会失去其自发性和创造力。 柏林舞蹈运动协会主席托尔斯滕·萨夫克 (Thorsten Sufke) 强调霹雳舞是城市文化的一种表达，代表着街道的原始能量，而街舞男孩卡尔·费迪南德·贝卡德 (Carl Ferdinand Beccard) 则担心奥运会形式可能会压制霹雳舞的艺术自由， 将其简化为预定义动作清单。Whichever way you look at it, you can expect thrilling dance performances never before seen at an Olympics this summer.无论从哪个角度来看，今年夏天的奥运会上您都可以期待前所未有的惊心动魄的舞蹈表演。词汇表breaking 霹雳舞stylised 风格化的acrobatic 杂技般的freezing 定格动作B-boy 男霹雳舞者B-girl 女霹雳舞者windmill “风车” 动作head spin 头转动作push the limit 突破极限root 在…扎根hip-hop 嘻哈showcase 展示battle 对抗赛improvisation 即兴表演proficiency 水平，能力versatility 多样性musicality 音乐性spontaneity 自发性predefined 预先明确的，预先设定的move 动作

If you’re in a job performing tedious tasks, you might think that a robot could do the work instead. But perhaps we underestimate how much technology already helps with the activities that we would otherwise have to do.  And as artificial intelligence progresses we might find it replaces us in the workplace altogether.如果您从事的工作是执行繁琐的任务，您可能会认为机器人可以代替这项工作。 但也许我们低估了技术已经对我们本来必须做的活动有多大帮助。 随着人工智能的进步，我们可能会发现它在工作场所完全取代了我们。For now, robotic technology is providing a helping hand for businesses, particularly in manufacturing, assisting humans in performing work more efficiently and sometimes more accurately. For online shopping, for example, robots have become essential in giant warehouses. They sort and move millions of objects of all different shapes and sizes, although humans are still needed to pick and distribute the goods.目前，机器人技术正在为企业（尤其是制造业）提供帮助，帮助人类更高效、有时甚至更准确地完成工作。 例如，对于在线购物，机器人已成为巨型仓库中必不可少的部分。 尽管仍然需要人类来挑选和分发货物，但它们对数以百万计的各种不同形状和大小的物体进行分类和移动。The advancement of robotics in the workplace is good for some businesses; the ones who research, develop, build and use them. The British government estimates that by 2035, artificial intelligence could add around £630bn to the UK economy. But there are still tasks that robots can’t yet do, and that’s the challenge for companies such as Automata. Its co-founder, Suryansh Chandra, told the BBC that his technology will eliminate boring, repetitive jobs that humans don't like and aren't very good at, and also create new ones that are likely to replace them.机器人技术在工作场所的进步对某些企业有利； 研究、开发、构建和使用它们的人。 英国政府估计，到 2035 年，人工智能将为英国经济增加约 6300 亿英镑。 但仍有一些任务是机器人无法完成的，这对 Automata 等公司来说是一个挑战。 其联合创始人苏扬什·钱德拉 (Suryansh Chandra) 告诉 BBC，他的技术将消除人类不喜欢且不擅长的无聊、重复性工作，并创造可能取代它们的新工作。It seems inevitable that robots will eventually be able to do more and more of the jobs that are currently performed by humans, so should we be worried by the rise of the machines? Some experts fear hundreds of thousands of jobs could disappear as robots replace human workers. A report by the OECD suggests that 14% of jobs are "at high risk of automation" and 32% of jobs could be "radically transformed", with the manufacturing sector at the highest risk.机器人最终将能够完成越来越多目前由人类完成的工作似乎是不可避免的，所以我们应该对机器的崛起感到担忧吗？ 一些专家担心，随着机器人取代人类工人，数十万个工作岗位可能会消失。 经合组织的一份报告表明，14%的工作“面临自动化的高风险”，32%的工作可能会“彻底改变”，其中制造业面临的风险最高。But as complete automation is some way off, for now we’ll have to work side-by-side with our robot colleagues - and manage to get along with them before they learn to kick us out of the door!但由于完全自动化还有一段路要走，现在我们必须与我们的机器人同事并肩工作 - 并设法与他们相处，然后他们学会把我们踢出家门！词汇表robot 机器人artificial intelligence 人工智能robotic 像机器人的a helping hand 帮助，助（人）一臂之力efficiently 有效地accurately 准确地essential 必不可少的sort 挑拣，分类distribute 分送advancement 发展robotics 机器人技术research 研究develop 开发eliminate 消除repetitive 重复的inevitable 不可避免的automation 自动化transformed 被彻底改变

United States health officials are warning of an increase in rare bacterial illnesses that can lead to meningitis. It is a serious and often deadly disease in which an outside barrier of the brain or related tissues becomes infected and swollen.美国卫生官员警告称，可能导致脑膜炎的罕见细菌性疾病有所增加。 这是一种严重且往往致命的疾病，大脑或相关组织的外部屏障受到感染和肿胀。The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a warning on March 28 about the increase in one kind of invasive “meningococcal disease” called serogroup Y.美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 于 3 月 28 日发出警告，称一种名为 Y 血清群的侵袭性“脑膜炎球菌病”有所增加。Last year, 422 cases of it were reported in the U.S. — the most in a year since 2014. So far this year, 143 cases have been reported. That means infections are on their way to go above 2023 numbers, the CDC said.去年，美国报告了 422 例此类病例，这是自 2014 年以来最多的一年。今年到目前为止，已报告了 143 例。 CDC 表示，这意味着感染人数将超过 2023 年。Most of the cases last year did not involve meningitis, though at least 17 died. The cases were more common in adults ages 30 to 60, in Black people and those who have HIV, the CDC said.去年的大多数病例并不涉及脑膜炎，但至少有 17 人死亡。 CDC 表示，这些病例在 30 至 60 岁的成年人、黑人和艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见。HIV is a virus that can lead to AIDS, a serious disease that can destroy the body’s natural defense system.艾滋病毒是一种可以导致艾滋病的病毒，艾滋病是一种可以破坏人体自然防御系统的严重疾病。The infection caused by meningococcal disease can lead to symptoms that may include high body temperature, head and upper body pain, nausea, and throwing up脑膜炎球菌病引起的感染可导致体温升高、头部和上半身疼痛、恶心和呕吐等症状The bacteria can also cause an infection in the blood system. That infection could bring cold, tiredness, cold hands and feet, quick breathing, diarrhea, or discoloration of the skin.这种细菌还会引起血液系统感染。 这种感染可能会带来寒冷、疲劳、手脚冰冷、呼吸急促、腹泻或皮肤变色。The infection can be treated with medications like antibiotics. But treatment must be quick to be successful. An estimated 10 to 15 percent of infected people die. And survivors sometimes lose the ability to hear or body parts must be surgically removed感染可以用抗生素等药物治疗。 但治疗必须快速才能成功。 据估计，10% 至 15% 的感染者会死亡。 幸存者有时会失去听力，或者必须通过手术切除身体部位There also are vaccines against meningococcal disease.还有针对脑膜炎球菌病的疫苗。Officials suggest that all children should get a “meningococcal conjugate vaccine” around the age of 11. Since vaccine protection weakens over time, the CDC also suggests a second shot at age 16.官员建议所有儿童在 11 岁左右都应该接种“脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗”。由于疫苗保护作用会随着时间的推移而减弱，CDC 还建议在 16 岁时进行第二次注射。The CDC also suggests the shots for people at higher risk. Higher-risk individuals might include those who live where an outbreak is taking place or those with HIV infection or other kinds of health conditions.疾病预防控制中心还建议高危人群注射疫苗。 高风险人群可能包括居住在疫情爆发地区的人、感染艾滋病毒或患有其他健康问题的人。

Tokyo visitors can now join a special tour of one of the Japanese city's modern wonders: its public toilets.东京游客现在可以参加一次特别游览，参观这座日本城市的现代奇观之一：公共厕所。Penelope Panczuk recently went on the Tokyo Toilet Shuttle for a two-hour visit of artistic public bathrooms.佩内洛普·潘祖克 (Penelope Panczuk) 最近乘坐东京厕所班车，参观了两个小时的艺术公共浴室。Panczuk got the idea after seeing "Perfect Days", the Oscar-nominated film about a toilet cleaner in the city's Shibuya district.潘丘克在观看奥斯卡提名影片《完美的日子》后萌生了这个想法，这部影片讲述了涩谷区厕所清洁工的故事。"In the U.S. or in France where I originally come from, you just don't go," Panczuk said of using public bathrooms.“在美国或我的祖国法国，你就别去，”潘丘克在谈到使用公共浴室时说道。She added that in Tokyo, the bathrooms are "extremely clean, they're very safe and each one is so different it feels like it's a new discovery each time."她补充说，在东京，浴室“非常干净，非常安全，而且每间浴室都如此不同，感觉每次都是一个新发现。”The shuttle began in March with visitors coming to Japan in record numbers. A drop in the value of the Japanese yen has made it less costly for many lovers of Japanese culture to visit for the first time.班车于三月份开始运营，前往日本的游客数量创下了历史新高。 日元贬值使得许多日本文化爱好者首次访问日本的成本降低了。Among Japan's most-loved technological exports in recent years are its toilets produced by TOTO. The devices have cleansing sprays, heated seats, music, and more.日本近年来最受欢迎的技术出口产品之一是TOTO生产的马桶。 这些设备有清洁喷雾、加热座椅、音乐等等。The American animated comedy show South Park recently had a whole program on the toilets. Hip-hop music star DJ Khaled announced on Instagram that he appreciated a gift of four TOTO bowls from the rapper Drake.美国动画喜剧节目《南方公园》最近有一整套关于厕所的节目。 嘻哈音乐明星 DJ Khaled 在 Instagram 上宣布，他很欣赏说唱歌手 Drake 赠送的四个 TOTO 碗礼物。The nonprofit Nippon Foundation started the Tokyo Toilet Project in 2020. It asked creators including Pritzker Prize-winning architect Tadao Ando to develop new toilets. The goal was to increase accessibility and artistry in 17 public toilets in the Shibuya district.非营利组织日本财团于 2020 年启动了东京厕所项目。它要求包括普利兹克奖获得者建筑师安藤忠雄在内的创作者开发新厕所。 目标是提高涩谷区 17 个公厕的无障碍性和艺术性。The project was not meant to be something foreign visitors would want to see. But Shibuya's government saw a chance to increase interest in the area beyond its famous street crossing.该项目并不是外国游客愿意看到的。 但涩谷政府看到了一个机会，可以提高人们对该地区除了著名的十字路口之外的兴趣。"The highlight for visitors is that they can be driven around the less-visited parts of Shibuya and enjoy the entire district while checking out the toilets," said Yumiko Nishi, a tourist association manager for the area.该地区旅游协会经理西由美子 (Yumiko Nishi) 表示：“对游客来说，最大的亮点是他们可以开车游览涩谷人迹罕至的地区，并在检查厕所的同时欣赏整个地区。”People on the tour pay $32.76 to visit nine different toilets, including one with clear walls that turn opaque when users enter. Another is operated by voice commands.参观者支付 32.76 美元参观九个不同的厕所，其中一个厕所的墙壁是透明的，当用户进入时，墙壁就会变得不透明。 另一种是通过语音命令操作。Takao Karino, visiting from Japan's western city of Osaka, wondered at the wide entrance of a facility created by British designer Miles Pennington.从日本西部城市大阪来访的卡里诺高夫 (Takao Karino) 对英国设计师迈尔斯·彭宁顿 (Miles Pennington) 设计的设施的宽阔入口感到惊讶。"There's nothing else like this in Japa" 69-year-old Karino said about the tour. "It's unusual, it's unique, it's honestly brilliant."69 岁的卡里诺 (Karino) 谈到这次巡演时说：“在日本没有其他这样的地方。” “这很不寻常，很独特，确实很出色。”

For hundreds of years, beavers have been absent from Scottish waters. Their reintroduction a decade ago was controversial, particularly among farmers.数百年来，苏格兰水域中一直没有河狸。十年前，重新引入河狸引起了争议，特别是激起了农民的反对。The animals, which are described as ecosystem engineers, create wetlands which support other wildlife, including insects and birds. Their dams can slow the flow of water. In some areas, this has led to flooding and the destruction of crops.河狸被喻为 “生态系统工程师”，它们通过筑坝创造出湿地，湿地为其它野生动物提供了栖息地，包括昆虫和鸟类。河狸筑起的水坝可以减缓水流的速度。但在一些地区，这导致了洪水泛滥、农作物被冲毁。New legislation makes it illegal to destroy established dams and lodges, and to kill beavers without a licence. Some have been issued. The Scottish Wildlife Trust has urged land managers to show restraint while young kits are dependent on their parents, and to use lethal control only when all other measures to control the damage beavers can cause have failed.苏格兰政府新颁布的立法规定，破坏河狸筑成的水坝和巢穴以及无执照宰杀河狸都是违法行为。政府已授予符合规定标准的人员执照，准许他们处理河狸。苏格兰野生动物信托基金会敦促土地管理者在河狸幼崽依赖父母的情况下应有所克制，并且只有在所有其它河狸管控措施均无效的情况下，才考虑使用致命的捕杀措施。词汇表absent 不存在的ecosystem 生态系统wetlands 湿地dams 水坝，堤坝lodges （河狸的）巢穴restraint 克制，控制kits 幼崽lethal control 致命的控制措施，此处指 “捕杀”

Having thousands of photos, songs and films available at our fingertips would have seemed amazing just a few decades ago, but how long will these files last for and be available? Could the digitalisation of cultural artefacts now be putting a time limit on our memories?就在几十年前，拥有数千张照片、歌曲和电影触手可及似乎令人惊叹，但这些文件能持续多久并可用？ 文物的数字化现在是否会对我们的记忆施加时间限制？The materials that phones and computers are made of can decay over time, impacting the data that they store. Images can still be seen in faded photographs, but when digital data degrades, it can quickly make it impossible to even open a file.  Also, as formats and devices become obsolete, it may become impossible to read files from previous decades.手机和电脑的制造材料会随着时间的推移而腐烂，影响它们存储的数据。 在褪色的照片中仍然可以看到图像，但是当数字数据退化时，它很快就会导致甚至无法打开文件。 此外，随着格式和设备的过时，可能无法读取过去几十年的文件。Storing information in the cloud can also present problems. Large companies can still lose data. In 2019, social media platform MySpace admitted losing more than 12 years' worth of users' music uploads. The widespread use of streaming services for music, TV and film means that people no longer own the content that they watch and listen to, they just pay for the right to access it. If streaming companies decide to remove content, or go out of business, users will lose access. 在云中存储信息也会带来问题。 大公司仍然可能丢失数据。 2019 年，社交媒体平台 MySpace 承认丢失了超过 12 年的用户上传音乐。 音乐、电视和电影流媒体服务的广泛使用意味着人们不再拥有他们观看和收听的内容，他们只需支付访问权即可。 如果流媒体公司决定删除内容或停业，用户将失去访问权限。Licencing rather than buying content is an example of how our behaviour towards digital content has changed. Another example is that we take far more pictures than people did in the past. This means that, added to the challenge of keeping our data safe, people have to consider what to preserve and what can be discarded.许可而不是购买内容是我们对数字内容的行为发生变化的一个例子。 另一个例子是我们拍摄的照片比过去的人们多得多。 这意味着，除了保护数据安全的挑战之外，人们还必须考虑保留哪些内容以及可以丢弃哪些内容。So, what can we do? Technology writer Jack Schofield said that "data doesn't really exist unless you have at least two copies of it", so it's important that we keep backup copies of what is important to us – probably more than one. Academic Paul Royster suggests that we should all take time to consider what content we personally believe is worth saving. Perhaps the answer is just to avoid digital altogether. Science and Technology writer Chris Baranaiuk calls for a cultural movement towards buying analogue copies of cultural content.所以，我们能做些什么？ 科技作家杰克·斯科菲尔德 (Jack Schofield) 表示，“除非拥有至少两份副本，否则数据并不真正存在”，因此，我们必须保留对我们重要的内容的备份副本（可能不止一份）。 学者保罗·罗伊斯特建议，我们都应该花时间考虑我们个人认为值得保存的内容。 也许答案就是完全避免数字化。 科技作家克里斯·巴拉奈克（Chris Baranaiuk）呼吁发起一场购买文化内容模拟副本的文化运动。词汇表digitalisation 数字化artefact 人工制品material 材料decay 腐蚀data 数据faded 褪色的degrade 降质format （计算机信息的）格式obsolete 淘汰的，过时的the cloud （网络）云upload 上传的信息streaming service 流媒体服务，在线收听或收看内容的服务content 内容go out of business 倒闭licence 授予preserve 保存，保留discard 扔掉backup copy 备份，备用副本analogue （相对数字而言）实体的

Peru's Andes Mountains might be home to the oldest person ever to have lived — at the age of 124.秘鲁的安第斯山脉可能是有史以来最长寿的人的家乡——享年 124 岁。The South American country’s government has claimed that a man named Marcelino Abad Tolentino from the central area of Huánuco was born in 1900. If the claim is true, he would be the oldest, independently verified human on earth.这个南美国家政府声称，瓦努科中部地区一位名叫马塞利诺·阿巴德·托伦蒂诺 (Marcelino Abad Tolentino) 的男子出生于 1900 年。如果这一说法属实，他将是地球上经独立验证的最年长的人类。Officials said in a statement that Abad “developed a healthy way of life and inner peace, reflected in his good health and friendly personality.” As a result, they said, "This allowed him, with resilience and skill, to overcome 12 decades of life and on April 5th he just blew out 124 candles."官员们在一份声明中表示，阿巴德“养成了健康的生活方式和内心平静，这反映在他良好的健康状况和友善的性格中”。 结果，他们说，“这让他凭借韧性和技巧，克服了12年的生命，并在4月5日吹灭了124支蜡烛。”Peruvian officials say they are helping Abad to contact Guinness World Records for independent verification.秘鲁官员表示，他们正在帮助阿巴德联系吉尼斯世界纪录进行独立核实。In a statement, the organization told Reuters, "Guinness World Records receives many applications from individuals who claim to be the oldest living person." Verifying the claim would involve official documents and other evidence being carefully studied by a team of experts to "prove their achievement beyond doubt."该组织在一份声明中告诉路透社，“吉尼斯世界纪录收到了许多自称是最长寿者的申请。” 验证这一说法需要专家团队仔细研究官方文件和其他证据，以“毫无疑问地证明他们的成就”。Guinness World Records currently lists Britain’s John Tinniswood, a 111-year-old as the oldest living man. The organization lists 117-year-old Maria Branyas Morera of Spain as the old living woman.目前，吉尼斯世界纪录将英国 111 岁的约翰·廷尼斯伍德 (John Tinniswood) 列为在世最年长男性。 该组织将西班牙 117 岁的玛丽亚·布兰亚斯·莫雷拉 (Maria Branyas Morera) 列为在世老人。As for the oldest living person ever, that record belongs to Jeanne Louise Calment of France. She was born on February 21, 1875, and died on August 4, 1997, after living 122 years and 164 days.至于有史以来最长寿的人，这一纪录属于法国的珍妮·路易丝·卡尔门特（Jeanne Louise Calment）。 她出生于1875年2月21日，于1997年8月4日去世，享年122岁零164天。Abad was born in the small town of Chaglla. He lived quietly until the Peruvian government identified him in 2019 and provided him with a pension.阿巴德出生在查格拉小镇。 他一直过着平静的生活，直到 2019 年秘鲁政府确认了他的身份并为他提供了养老金。Abad says his secrets to living a long life include a diet rich in fruits and lamb meat. He also likes to chew coca leaves, a tradition in Peru's Andean communities. The information comes from the pension program that Abad is a part of.阿巴德说，他长寿的秘诀包括富含水果和羊肉的饮食。 他还喜欢咀嚼古柯叶，这是秘鲁安第斯社区的传统。 该信息来自阿巴德所属的养老金计划。On April 5, Abad celebrated his 124th birthday with a cake bearing his likeness at a home for senior citizens where he now lives.4月5日，阿巴德在他现居住的敬老院庆祝了他的124岁生日，并制作了印有他肖像的蛋糕。

American music star Beyoncé released her new album Cowboy Carter last week. The singer said the country music record was born of an earlier experience in which she “did not feel welcomed” by the country music industry. 美国音乐明星碧昂斯上周发行了她的新专辑《Cowboy Carter》。 这位歌手表示，乡村音乐唱片的诞生源于她早期的经历，当时她“没有感受到乡村音乐界的欢迎”。Country music stars Linda Martell and Willie Nelson are among the album’s guest artists. Beyoncé also sings duets with Miley Cyrus and Post Malone and covers the famous Dolly Parton song Jolene. 乡村音乐明星琳达·马爹利和威利·纳尔逊是专辑的客座艺术家之一。 碧昂丝还与麦莉·赛勒斯和波斯特·马龙合唱，并翻唱了著名的多莉·帕顿歌曲《乔琳》。 Experts and fans say Beyoncé's move into country music is a reclaiming and honoring of the legacy of Black Americans within country music and culture. That history, they argue, has gone largely unrecognized in some mainstream music circles. 专家和粉丝表示，碧昂斯涉足乡村音乐是对美国黑人在乡村音乐和文化中的遗产的回收和尊重。 他们认为，这段历史在一些主流音乐圈中基本上没有得到认可。 Many Black musicians try to make it in country music but have trouble being accepted by its mostly white fans. 许多黑人音乐家试图在乡村音乐中崭露头角，但很难被大多数白人粉丝所接受。 Beyoncé said the record is a reaction to her experience from 2016 when she released the song Daddy Lessons. She performed the song with the country group The Chicks at the Country Music Awards. Some country music fans said Beyoncé did not belong place at the event. 碧昂丝表示，这张专辑是对她 2016 年发行歌曲《Daddy Lessons》时经历的回应。 她在乡村音乐奖上与乡村乐队 The Chicks 一起表演了这首歌。 一些乡村音乐迷表示碧昂丝不适合参加这次活动。Beyoncé’s Jolene comes with an introduction from Dolly Parton herself. She speaks about Beyonce’s song Sorry from 2016, saying that it reminded her of the story in Jolene. Parton and Nelson also appear in other parts of the record, introducing songs like a radio DJ. 碧昂丝饰演的乔琳 (Jolene) 附有多莉·帕顿 (Dolly Parton) 本人的介绍。 她谈到碧昂斯 2016 年的歌曲《Sorry》，称这让她想起了《乔琳》中的故事。 帕顿和尼尔森也出现在唱片的其他部分，像电台 DJ 一样介绍歌曲。 Guest artist Linda Martell was the first Black female singer to appear at the famous Nashville, Tennessee, live music site, The Grand Ole’ Opry in 1969. 客座艺术家琳达·马爹利 (Linda Martell) 于 1969 年成为第一位出现在田纳西州纳什维尔著名现场音乐网站 The Grand Ole’ Opry 的黑人女歌手。 In the weeks leading up to the album release, Beyoncé posted images of herself in cowboy hats and other clothing linked to country life. The artist grew up in Houston, Texas, where country music is extremely popular. She has talked in the past about how she is connected to country music and southern culture. 在专辑发行前几周，碧昂斯发布了自己戴着牛仔帽和其他与乡村生活相关的服装的照片。 这位艺术家在德克萨斯州休斯顿长大，那里的乡村音乐非常流行。 她过去曾谈到过她与乡村音乐和南方文化的联系。 She called the new record “a deeper dive into the history of Country music.” 她称这张新唱片“更深入地探讨了乡村音乐的历史”。 Some country music experts say Beyoncé is walking in the footsteps of the Black country singers who came before her. They point to past singers Lesley Riddle and Charley Pride and current singers including Jimmie Allen, Mickey Guyton and Rhiannon Giddens. 一些乡村音乐专家表示，碧昂丝正在追随她之前的黑人乡村歌手的脚步。 他们提到了过去的歌手莱斯利·里德尔（Lesley Riddle）和查理·普莱德（Charley Pride）以及现任歌手包括吉米·艾伦（Jimmie Allen）、米基·盖顿（Mickey Guyton）和莱安农·吉登斯（Rhiannon Giddens）。 She released two songs earlier this year – Texas Hold’em and 16 Carriages – using a clear country “twang” and instruments common to country songs. Texas Hold’em recently reached the top spot on Billboard magazine’s “Hot Country Songs” chart. 她今年早些时候发行了两首歌曲——《德州扑克》和《16 马车》——使用了清晰的乡村“鼻音”和乡村歌曲常见的乐器。 德州扑克最近登上了 Billboard 杂志“热门乡村歌曲”排行榜的榜首。Just before Cowboy Carter came out, Beyoncé made a post on Instagram. She said “I feel honored to be the first Black woman with the number one single on the Hot Country Songs chart.” She went on to say that in the future she hopes people will no longer need to talk about a singer’s race when discussing music. 就在《牛仔卡特》上映之前，碧昂斯在 Instagram 上发了一条帖子。 她说：“我很荣幸成为第一位在热门乡村歌曲排行榜上获得单曲冠军的黑人女性。” 她接着表示，希望未来人们在讨论音乐时不再需要谈论歌手的种族。

They say burning coal, oil and natural gas results in more carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Those two are called “greenhouse gases” because they are said to “trap heat.”他们说，燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气会导致大气中产生更多的二氧化碳和甲烷。 这两种气体被称为“温室气体”，因为据说它们会“滞留热量”。“The trajectory will not change until concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere stop rising,” Francis said. “…We must stop burning fossil fuels, stop deforestation, and grow our food more sustainably as quickly as possible.” Until then, Francis added, expect more broken records.弗朗西斯说：“在大气中温室气体浓度停止上升之前，这一轨迹不会改变。” “……我们必须停止燃烧化石燃料，停止砍伐森林，并尽快以更可持续的方式种植我们的食物。” 弗朗西斯补充说，在那之前，预计会有更多打破记录。The 2015 Paris Agreement is an international plan that sets a goal of limiting the increase of the world’s average temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius or below. Its idea is to keep temperatures as close as possible to “pre-industrial” levels.2015年《巴黎协定》是一项国际计划，设定了将世界平均气温上升限制在1.5摄氏度或以下的目标。 它的想法是使温度尽可能接近“工业化前”水平。Samantha Burgess is deputy director of Copernicus Climate Change Service. She said the new March record temperature was not as high compared to other records. “We’ve had record-breaking months that have been even more unusual,” Burgess said. These include February 2024 and September of 2023.萨曼莎·伯吉斯是哥白尼气候变化服务中心的副主任。 她说，与其他记录相比，三月份的新纪录气温并不高。 “我们已经经历了破纪录的几个月，这更加不寻常，”伯吉斯说。 其中包括 2024 年 2 月和 2023 年 9 月。But Burgess noted, the “trajectory is not in the right direction.”但伯吉斯指出，“发展轨迹并不正确。”For March, Copernicus also reported that global sea surface temperatures averaged 21.07 degrees Celsius. The agency said this was the highest value ever recorded. The temperatures are only for the area between 60 degrees south latitude and 60 degrees north latitude.3月份，哥白尼还报告称，全球海洋表面温度平均为21.07摄氏度。 该机构表示，这是有记录以来的最高值。 气温仅适用于南纬60度至北纬60度之间的地区。The Copernicus’ official said more needs to be done to control world temperatures. “We need more ambitious global action to ensure that we can get to net zero as soon as possible,” Burgess said.哥白尼官员表示，需要采取更多措施来控制世界气温。 伯吉斯说：“我们需要采取更加雄心勃勃的全球行动，以确保我们能够尽快实现净零排放。”

The European Union’s climate agency, Copernicus, says the world’s temperature averaged 14.14 degrees Celsius in March.欧盟气候机构哥白尼表示，3 月份全球平均气温为 14.14 摄氏度。The latest monthly temperature means that Copernicus has reported a record high temperature for 10 months in a row.最新的月度气温意味着哥白尼连续10个月报告高温纪录。Copernicus added that the month was 1.68 degrees warmer than the estimated average for the month of March for the period from 1850 to 1900. The agency calls this period the “pre-industrial” period before oil, gas and coal were used in large amounts.哥白尼补充说，这个月比 1850 年至 1900 年期间 3 月份的估计平均气温高 1.68 度。该机构称这一时期为石油、天然气和煤炭大量使用之前的“前工业化”时期。Since last June, weather agencies have been reporting record high average world temperatures. Some scientists say they are not surprised by the reports.自去年六月以来，气象机构报告的世界平均气温创下历史新高。 一些科学家表示，他们对这些报道并不感到惊讶。This year, a strong El Niño event is affecting weather in many parts of the world. El Niño is an unusually warm current that periodically appears in the southern Pacific Ocean and changes weather in places around the world.今年，强烈的厄尔尼诺现象正在影响世界许多地区的天气。 厄尔尼诺现象是一种异常暖流，周期性出现在南太平洋，并改变世界各地的天气。Jennifer Francis is a scientist with the nonprofit Woodwell Climate Research Center in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. She said the periodic warm current is part of high temperatures: “But its combination with the non-natural marine heat waves made these records so breathtaking.”詹妮弗·弗朗西斯是美国马萨诸塞州非营利组织伍德韦尔气候研究中心的一名科学家。 她说，周期性暖流是高温的一部分：“但它与非自然海洋热浪的结合使这些记录如此令人惊叹。”Francis added that, as the El Niño becomes less intense, the reported temperatures above global averages should go down.弗朗西斯补充说，随着厄尔尼诺现象的强度减弱，报告的高于全球平均水平的气温应该会下降。Climate scientists, like Francis, say that human activity is responsible for the record heat.弗朗西斯等气候科学家表示，人类活动是造成创纪录高温的原因。

As he drives slowly across snow, Nils Mathis Sara drops food on the ground for hundreds of his reindeer to eat. His animals live in Finnmark, the northernmost point of Norway.当尼尔斯·马西斯·萨拉（Nils Mathis Sara）缓慢地驶过雪地时，他将食物撒在地上，供他的数百只驯鹿吃。 他的动物生活在挪威最北端的芬马克郡。But Sara wishes he did not have to feed them.但萨拉希望他不必喂它们。"This is an emergency situation," said the 65-year-old Sara. "I am not supposed to feed them. They are supposed to feed me."“这是紧急情况，”65 岁的萨拉说。 “我不应该喂他们。他们应该喂我。”Sara is Sami, an ethnic group native to the northern areas of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Kola peninsula of Russia.萨拉（Sara）是萨米人，原产于挪威、瑞典、芬兰北部地区和俄罗斯科拉半岛的一个民族。Normally, the reindeer find their own food. They dig through the snow to reach small plants, called lichen, buried below.通常，驯鹿会自己寻找食物。 他们在雪中挖掘，以获取埋在下面的小植物，称为地衣。But every winter for the past ten years, Sara has had to buy food to help the animals live through the cold season. Winter temperatures in the area can drop to as low as minus 40 degrees Celsius.但过去十年里，每年冬天，萨拉都必须购买食物来帮助动物们度过寒冷的季节。 该地区冬季气温可降至-40 摄氏度。Until recently, only snow fell during the winter months in Finnmark. But in recent years, the weather has been warmer, with temperatures sometimes rising above freezing. That means rain, instead of snow, falls on the ground. Then, when the temperature drops, that water turns to ice.直到最近，芬马克郡的冬季才下雪。 但近年来，天气变暖，气温有时会升至冰点以上。 这意味着雨而不是雪落在地上。 然后，当温度下降时，水就会变成冰。The thick ice makes it difficult for the reindeer to reach the lichen. "It is especially hard for the younger reindeer, as their hooves are not strong enough to break through," Sara said.厚厚的冰层使驯鹿很难到达地衣。 “对于年轻的驯鹿来说尤其困难，因为它们的蹄子不够有力，无法突破，”萨拉说。One morning in March, Sara and a family member put down about one and a half metric tons of food for the reindeer. The two men have been doing the same thing every other day since February.三月的一个早晨，萨拉和一名家人为驯鹿准备了大约一吨半的食物。 自二月份以来，这两个人每隔一天就做同样的事情。"I should really be doing this every day, but economically it does not make sense," said Sara.“我真的应该每天都这样做，但从经济上来说，这没有意义，”萨拉说。Feeding the animals can also bring unexpected results.喂养动物也能带来意想不到的结果。Later that day, Sara sees hundreds of reindeer in his reindeer feeding area. But, the reindeer do not belong to him.那天晚些时候，萨拉在他的驯鹿饲养区看到了数百只驯鹿。 但是，驯鹿不属于他。Sara quickly drives over to the herder of the other reindeer. He asks the herder to move the animals out of the area. The reindeer had come to Sara’s area because of the smell of the food Sara had put on the ground.萨拉很快就开车到另一头驯鹿的牧人那里。 他要求牧民将动物移出该地区。 驯鹿来到莎拉所在的地区是因为莎拉放在地上的食物的气味。In addition, reindeer are semi-wild. Normally, herders follow the animals as they look for food under the snow. But feeding the animals makes them slowly become less wild and depend more on humans.此外，驯鹿是半野生的。 通常，牧民会跟随动物在雪下寻找食物。 但喂养动物会让它们慢慢变得不那么狂野，并且更加依赖人类。This makes the Sami people live more like farmers than herders. Sara says this goes against the Sami’s traditional way of living.这使得萨米人的生活更像农民而不是牧民。 萨拉说这违背了萨米人的传统生活方式。"When we feed the reindeer, they change their behavior and become more accustomed to humans," Sara said. "This is not our way."“当我们喂养驯鹿时，它们会改变行为并变得更习惯人类，”萨拉说。 “这不是我们的方式。”

Glenn Cohen of Harvard Law School said, “If you’re really worried about people using your app for mental health services, you want a disclaimer that’s more direct…” He suggested, “This is just for fun.”哈佛法学院的格伦·科恩说：“如果你真的担心人们使用你的应用程序提供心理健康服务，你需要一个更直接的免责声明……”他建议说，“这只是为了好玩。”Still, chatbots are already playing a role due to an ongoing shortage of mental health professionals.尽管如此，由于心理健康专业人员持续短缺，聊天机器人已经发挥了作用。Britain’s National Health Service has begun offering a chatbot called Wysa to help with stress, anxiety and depression among young people.英国国家医疗服务体系已开始提供名为 Wysa 的聊天机器人，以帮助年轻人缓解压力、焦虑和抑郁。This includes those people waiting to see a therapist. Some health insurers, universities, and hospitals in the United States are offering similar programs.这包括那些等待看治疗师的人。 美国的一些健康保险公司、大学和医院也提供类似的计划。Dr. Angela Skrzynski is a family doctor in the American state of New Jersey. When she tells her patients how long it will take to see a therapist, she says they are usually very open to trying a chatbot. Her employer, Virtua Health, offers Woebot to some adult patients.Angela Skrzynski 医生是美国新泽西州的一名家庭医生。 当她告诉患者需要多长时间才能见治疗师时，她说他们通常非常愿意尝试聊天机器人。 她的雇主 Virtua Health 向一些成年患者提供 Woebot。Founded in 2017 by a Stanford-trained psychologist, Woebot does not use AI programs. The chatbot uses thousands of structured language models written by its staff and researchers.Woebot 由一位斯坦福大学培训的心理学家于 2017 年创立，不使用人工智能程序。 该聊天机器人使用由其员工和研究人员编写的数千个结构化语言模型。Woebot founder Alison Darcy says this rules-based model is safer for health care use. The company is testing generative AI models, but Darcy says there have been problems with the technology.Woebot 创始人艾莉森·达西 (Alison Darcy) 表示，这种基于规则的模式对于医疗保健用途来说更安全。 该公司正在测试生成式人工智能模型，但达西表示该技术存在问题。She said, “We couldn’t stop the large language models from… telling someone how they should be thinking, instead of facilitating the person’s process.”她说：“我们无法阻止大型语言模型……告诉某人他们应该如何思考，而不是促进人们的过程。”Woebot’s finding was included in a research paper on AI chatbots published last year in Digital Medicine.Woebot 的发现被收录在去年《数字医学》杂志上发表的一篇关于人工智能聊天机器人的研究论文中。The writers concluded that chatbots could help with depression in a short time. But there was no way to study their long-term effect on mental health.作者得出的结论是，聊天机器人可以在短时间内帮助缓解抑郁症。 但没有办法研究它们对心理健康的长期影响。Ross Koppel of the University of Pennsylvania studies health information technology. He worries these chatbots could be used in place of treatment and medications. Koppel and others would like to see the FDA review and possibly regulate these chatbots.宾夕法尼亚大学的罗斯·科佩尔研究健康信息技术。 他担心这些聊天机器人可以用来代替治疗和药物。 科佩尔和其他人希望看到 FDA 审查并可能监管这些聊天机器人。Dr. Doug Opel works at Seattle Children’s Hospital. He said, “There’s a whole host of questions we need to understand about this technology so we can ultimately do what we’re all here to do: improve kids’ mental and physical health.”道格·欧佩尔医生在西雅图儿童医院工作。 他说：“我们需要了解有关这项技术的一大堆问题，这样我们才能最终完成我们所有人要做的事情：改善孩子的身心健康。”

The mental health chatbot Earkick greets users with a friendly-looking panda that could fit easily in a children’s program.心理健康聊天机器人 Earkick 用一只看起来很友好的熊猫来迎接用户，它很适合儿童节目。When users talk about anxiety, the panda gives the kind of comforting statements that a trained mental health professional, called a therapist, would say. Then it might suggest breathing exercises or give advice on how to deal with stress.当用户谈论焦虑时，熊猫会给出一种安慰性的说法，就像训练有素的心理健康专家（称为治疗师）会说的那样。 然后它可能会建议呼吸练习或提供如何应对压力的建议。Earkick is one of hundreds of free chatbots aimed at dealing with a mental health crisis among young people. But the co-founder of Earkick, Karin Andrea Stephan, says he and the other creators do not “feel comfortable” calling their chatbots a therapy tool.Earkick 是数百个旨在应对年轻人心理健康危机的免费聊天机器人之一。 但 Earkick 的联合创始人 Karin Andrea Stephan 表示，他和其他创作者对于将他们的聊天机器人称为治疗工具感到“不舒服”。Whether these chatbots, or apps, provide a simple self-help tool or mental health treatment is important to the growing digital health industry. Since the apps do not claim to diagnose or treat medical conditions, they do not need approval from the Food and Drug Administration (or FDA).无论这些聊天机器人还是应用程序提供简单的自助工具或心理健康治疗，对于不断发展的数字健康行业都很重要。 由于这些应用程序并不声称可以诊断或治疗医疗状况，因此它们不需要美国食品和药物管理局（或 FDA）的批准。The industry’s position is now coming under more careful examination with recent developments of chatbots powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The technology uses a large amount of data to copy human language.随着人工智能 (AI) 驱动的聊天机器人的最新发展，该行业的地位现在正受到更仔细的审视。 该技术使用大量数据来复制人类语言。The upsides are clear: the chatbots are free; they are available 24 hours a day; and people can use them in private.优点很明显：聊天机器人是免费的； 他们全天 24 小时待命； 人们可以私下使用它们。Now for the downsides: there is limited data that the chatbots improve mental health; and they have not received FDA approval to treat conditions like depression.现在说说缺点：聊天机器人可以改善心理健康的数据有限； 而且它们尚未获得 FDA 批准用于治疗抑郁症等疾病。Vaile Wright is a psychologist and technology director with the American Psychological Association. She said users of these chatbots, “have no way to know whether they’re actually effective.”维尔·赖特 (Vaile Wright) 是美国心理学会的心理学家和技术总监。 她说这些聊天机器人的用户“无法知道它们是否真的有效。”Wright added that the chatbots are not the same as traditional mental health treatment. But, she said, they could help some people with less severe mental and emotional problems.赖特补充说，聊天机器人与传统的心理健康治疗不同。 但是，她说，它们可以帮助一些精神和情感问题不太严重的人。Earkick’s website states that the app does not “provide any form of medical care, medical opinion, diagnosis or treatment.” Some health lawyers say such claims are not enough.Earkick 的网站指出，该应用程序不“提供任何形式的医疗护理、医疗意见、诊断或治疗”。 一些健康律师表示，这样的说法还不够。

West Africa was hit with a severe drought following a humid heat wave that drove temperatures to record levels in February. 西非遭受了严重的干旱，此前潮湿的热浪使2月份的气温达到了创纪录的水平。 Scientists from the World Weather Attribution group say the unusually hot weather was made ten times more likely because of the greenhouse gases humanity has been pumping into the atmosphere. 世界天气归因组织的科学家们表示，由于人类一直向大气中排放温室气体，因此导致出现异常炎热天气的可能性增加了十倍。 Shortages of cocoa have helped drive prices to record highs, and since cocoa is the main ingredient in chocolate, you can expect the prices of people's favourite chocolate treat to rise in the coming months. 因供应短缺，可可豆价格创历史新高，由于可可豆是生产巧克力的主要原料，所以深受人们喜爱的巧克力的价格将在未来几个月上涨。 Some big chocolate companies, including Cadbury and Lindt, have said they have already had to increase prices in response to the cocoa shortage. 包括吉百利和瑞士莲在内的一些大型巧克力品牌公司表示，为了应对可可豆短缺的情况，他们已经不得不提高巧克力的价格。词汇表severe 严重的drought 干旱humid 潮湿的heat wave 热浪drove 推动了record levels 创纪录的水平，历史最高水平greenhouse gases 温室气体pumping 排放，向…注入shortages 短缺

Laughter is a universal language for humans to connect with each other and form social bonds. Even as babies, we giggle when our parents pull funny faces, and then gradually learn to make others laugh as we grow up. But, is it a uniquely human experience? Scientists have observed behaviours in animals that suggest that your pets might be secret jokesters… 笑声是人类相互联系并形成社会纽带的通用语言。 当我们还是婴儿的时候，当我们的父母做鬼脸时，我们就会咯咯地笑，然后随着我们长大，我们逐渐学会让别人笑。 但是，这是人类独特的体验吗？ 科学家观察到的动物行为表明，你的宠物可能是秘密爱开玩笑的人…… Have you ever seen dogs let people come close to their toy, and then playfully run away with it? Biologist Charles Darwin saw this as the dog's version of a practical joke. Marc Bekoff, biology professor at the University of Colorado, also observed dogs playfully teasing each other by approaching slowly and then quickly running away. His work concluded that dogs just want to have fun, and he's also said that animals may goof around as a way to cope with stress. 您是否见过狗让人们靠近它们的玩具，然后顽皮地带着它逃跑？ 生物学家查尔斯·达尔文认为这是狗版的恶作剧。 科罗拉多大学生物学教授马克·贝科夫（Marc Bekoff）也观察到狗会缓慢地接近，然后迅速逃跑，开玩笑地互相戏弄。 他的研究得出的结论是，狗只是想玩得开心，他还表示，动物可能会通过闲逛来应对压力。 In a 2024 study, Isabelle Laumer and colleagues watched four ape species interact with each other and observed 18 distinct teasing behaviours. They saw young apes sneak up behind an adult, poke them to surprise them and then wait and watch the response, behaviour similar to that shown by human children. So, a sense of humour may have appeared early in our evolutionary timeline. 在 2024 年的一项研究中，Isabelle Laumer 及其同事观察了四种猿类之间的相互作用，并观察到了 18 种不同的戏弄行为。 他们看到年幼的猩猩偷偷地走到成年猩猩身后，戳戳它们让它们大吃一惊，然后等待并观察其反应，这种行为与人类儿童的行为类似。 因此，幽默感可能出现在我们进化时间表的早期。 What about laughing? While playing, dogs sometimes produce a breathy snort that could sound like laughter. Dolphins let out sounds of joy when play-fighting. Rats make a joyful squeak similar to a giggle when they are tickled, says Jeffrey Burgdorf, professor at Northwestern University. 笑又怎样？ 玩耍时，狗有时会发出喘息声，听起来像是笑声。 海豚在嬉戏打斗时会发出欢乐的声音。 西北大学教授杰弗里·伯格多夫说，老鼠被挠痒痒时会发出类似于咯咯笑的快乐吱吱声。 But, is a rat's giggle really a sign of a sense of humour? Are the apes in Laumer's study really joking around or just attention-seeking? What would be the evolutionary purpose of animals teasing and pranking? "In humans, humour can serve as like an ice-breaker, removing social barriers and strengthening relationships," says Laumer. "We don't know if it's the same in apes or other animals, but it's possible." 但是，老鼠的咯咯笑真的是幽默感的标志吗？ 劳默研究中的猩猩到底是在开玩笑还是只是在寻求关注？ 动物戏弄和恶作剧的进化目的是什么？ “对于人类来说，幽默就像破冰船一样，可以消除社交障碍并加强人际关系，”劳默说。 “我们不知道猿类或其他动物是否也有同样的情况，但这是有可能的。”词汇表laughter 笑，笑声giggle 咯咯地笑pull a funny face 扮鬼脸make (someone) laugh 逗（某人）笑jokester 喜欢讲笑话或开玩笑的人playfully 闹着玩地practical joke 恶作剧tease 戏弄，招惹have fun 玩乐goof around 瞎胡闹sneak up 悄悄靠近poke （用手指）戳sense of humour 幽默感play-fight 玩耍打闹joyful 高兴的tickle 挠痒痒，胳肢joke around 闹着玩，开玩笑prank 玩笑，恶作剧

Prisoners in the U.S. state of New York have taken legal action against the state corrections department. They started the measure over the state’s decision to lock down prisons during next Monday’s total solar eclipse.纽约州的囚犯已经对该州矫正部门采取了法律行动。他们开始了这一措施，原因是州政府决定在下周的日全食期间封锁监狱。The case was filed last week in a federal court in upstate New York. It argues that the April 8 lockdown violate prisoners’ constitutional rights to practice their faiths by preventing them from taking part in an important religious event.该案件上周在纽约北部的联邦法院提起。它主张4月8日的封锁违反了囚犯们行使宗教信仰的宪法权利，因为这妨碍了他们参加一项重要的宗教活动。Six prisoners with different religious backgrounds brought forward the case at the Woodbourne Correctional Facility in Woodbourne, New York. They include two Christians, two followers of a Cuban-born religious tradition called Santeria, a Muslim as well as an atheist, someone who does not believe in the existence of God.六名有着不同宗教背景的囚犯在纽约州伍德伯恩的伍德伯恩矫正设施提出了这个案件。他们包括两名基督徒、两名古巴出生的圣特里亚教的信徒、一名穆斯林以及一名无神论者，即不相信上帝存在的人。Their legal document, or complaint, says, “A solar eclipse is a rare, natural phenomenon with great religious significance to many.” It says the Bible describes an eclipse-like phenomenon when Jesus Christ was on the cross. Additionally, Islamic works report a similar event when the Prophet Muhammad’s son died.他们的法律文件或投诉称：“日食是一种罕见的、具有重大宗教意义的自然现象。” 它说圣经描述了耶稣基督被钉在十字架上时发生了类似日食的现象。此外，伊斯兰作品报告了先知穆罕默德的儿子死亡时发生了类似的事件。The complaint says that one of the prisoners involved with the case, the atheist, received special permission last month to view the eclipse using state-provided glasses. But that was before the system-wide lockdown was issued.投诉书称，该案件涉及的一名囚犯，即无神论者，上个月获得了使用州提供的眼镜观看日食的特别许可。但那是在全系统封锁发布之前。Four of the other prisoners involved with the case then sought permission but were denied by officials. The officials ruled the solar eclipse is not listed as a holy day for their religions, the complaint says. The sixth prisoner said he never received an answer.案件中其他四名涉案囚犯随后寻求许可，但被官员拒绝。投诉称，官员裁定日食并未列为他们宗教的圣日。第六名囚犯表示他从未收到答复。Thomas Mailey is a corrections department spokesperson. He said the agency does not comment on current court cases. But he said it takes all requests for religious accommodations under consideration. He said those related to viewing the eclipse are currently under review.托马斯·梅利是矫正部门的发言人。他表示该机构不评论当前的法庭案件。但他表示，该机构会考虑所有宗教安排的请求。他说与观看日食有关的请求目前正在审查中。Daniel Martuscello III overseas the department. He issued a message on March 11 saying that all state prisons will operate on a holiday daily plan next Monday.丹尼尔·马图斯塞洛三世负责该部门。他在3月11日发出消息称，所有州监狱将在下周一执行假日日常计划。That means prisoners will remain in their housing areas except for emergency situations in the afternoon, between 18:00 and 21:00 UTC. Those are generally the normal hours for outdoor activities in prisons, the court case says.这意味着囚犯将留在他们的住宿区，除了下午紧急情况下，在18:00到21:00 UTC之间。法庭案件称，这些通常是监狱户外活动的正常时间。There will also be no visitation at more than 20 prisons in the path where the solar eclipse will be strongest, called the path of totality, next Monday. Visitation at other prisons will end at 18:00 UTC.下周一，在日全食最强的路线，即全食路径上的20多所监狱也将暂停探视。其他监狱的探视将在18:00 UTC结束。Martuscello said the department will give out solar eclipse safety glasses for prisoner employees and prisoners at prisons in the path of totality. They are doing this so they can see the eclipse from their work or housing areas.马图塞洛说，该部门将为全食路径上的监狱的囚犯员工和囚犯们提供日全食安全眼镜。他们这样做是为了让他们能从工作或住宿区看到日食。Communities in western and northern areas of the state are expected to have the best viewing of the total eclipse. Those areas include Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, LakePlacid, and Plattsburgh.该州西部和北部地区的社区预计将有最好的日全食观测。这些地区包括水牛城、罗切斯特、锡拉丘兹、普莱西德湖和普拉茨堡。The total eclipse is expected to be seen in those parts of New York around 19:15 UTC. And it will only last for a few minutes as the moon passes between Earth and the sun. It will temporarily block the sun and turn day into night.预计在纽约州这些地区，日全食将在UTC 19:15左右出现。当月球从地球和太阳之间经过时，它将持续几分钟。它将暂时遮挡太阳，将白昼变为黑夜。A total solar eclipse was last seen in the U.S. in 2017 and will not occur in the country again until 2044.美国上次发生日全食是在2017年，直到2044年才会再次出现。

Today we are at the Newseum in Washington D.C. – where the history of free expression is explained and defended. 今天，我们来到华盛顿特区的新闻博物馆——言论自由的历史在这里得到解释和捍卫。 The first printing presses arrived in the United States in the mid-1600s, marking an important step in the history of America’s free press. 第一台印刷机于 1600 年代中期抵达美国，标志着美国新闻自由历史上的重要一步。 A free press is important in democratic society. It allows citizens to speak freely and criticize the country's leaders without fear. Some journalists have even lost their lives for that right. 新闻自由在民主社会中很重要。 它允许公民自由发言并毫无恐惧地批评国家领导人。 一些记者甚至为了这一权利而献出了生命。 But, it can also lead to news that is false. Last year, a fake news story about a Washington pizza restaurant went viral, causing a gunman to open fire at the business. 但是，它也可能导致虚假新闻。 去年，一则关于华盛顿一家披萨店的假新闻在网上疯传，导致一名枪手向该店开枪。 One of the most common terms we hear today is “fake news.” The public and politicians use it to talk about the news reports they do not think are accurate. 我们今天听到的最常见的术语之一是“假新闻”。 公众和政客用它来谈论他们认为不准确的新闻报道。 While people have paid much attention to the term in recent years, the problem is not new. False news reports have been around since modern journalism started. 尽管近年来人们对这个术语给予了很多关注，但这个问题并不新鲜。 自现代新闻业诞生以来，虚假新闻报道就一直存在。 Today, information moves around us in many forms, every hour of every day. Even if we do not seek out news on our own, we often receive it anyway, instantly, on our phones. 如今，信息每时每刻以多种形式在我们周围流动。 即使我们不自己寻找新闻，我们也经常通过手机立即收到新闻。 So how can we manage this mountain of information so that fake news does not mislead us? 那么，我们如何管理这如山的信息，以免假新闻误导我们呢？ We believe this requires news literacy. News literacy is the ability to use critical thinking skills to judge news reports. Are they credible? Can you rely on the reports to be true? 我们认为这需要新闻素养。 新闻素养是运用批判性思维技能来判断新闻报道的能力。 他们可信吗？ 你能相信这些报道是真实的吗？ We use real media examples to teach useful skills and methods to recognize journalism over other kinds of information. We examine the differences between facts and what people report in the media as truth. 我们使用真实的媒体示例来教授有用的技能和方法，以识别新闻和其他类型的信息。 我们研究事实与人们在媒体上报道的真相之间的差异。 The course provides tools to identify real and reliable news sources. And, it demonstrates ways to separate news from opinion. 该课程提供了识别真实可靠新闻来源的工具。 而且，它展示了区分新闻和观点的方法。Professors at Stony Brook University in New York created the News Literacy education program. We will share it with you in simple English on VOA Learning English. 纽约石溪大学的教授们创建了新闻素养教育项目。 我们将在美国之音英语学习频道用简单的英语与您分享。 The need for news literacy is possibly greater now than ever before. Learning this important skill can give us the power to take full control of our own search for the truth. 现在对新闻素养的需求可能比以往任何时候都更大。 学习这项重要技能可以让我们有能力完全掌控自己对真理的探索。Because as we’ve seen many times before, some news presented as truth can actually turn out to be completely false. 因为正如我们之前多次看到的那样，一些看似真实的新闻实际上可能完全是错误的。 

An ongoing bird flu outbreak has killed tens of thousands of seals and sea lions in several parts of the world. 持续爆发的禽流感已导致世界多个地区数以万计的海豹和海狮死亡。 Scientists said the virus’ spread also has caused economic losses at poultry farms and is harming wild birds. 科学家表示，病毒的传播还给家禽养殖场造成了经济损失，并正在伤害野生鸟类。 A worldwide bird flu outbreak began in 2020. It has led to the deaths of millions of domesticated birds and also hit wildlife populations. 2020 年，全球爆发禽流感，导致数百万只家养鸟类死亡，野生动物种群也受到影响。 Health officials have said they do not currently consider the virus a threat to humans. But experts have warned that the continued spread of bird flu could increase the risks to humans. 卫生官员表示，他们目前不认为该病毒对人类构成威胁。 但专家警告说，禽流感的持续传播可能会增加人类面临的风险。 Researchers said seals and sea lions have been affected in areas such as the northeastern state of Maine and the South American nation of Chile. 研究人员表示，东北部缅因州和南美国家智利等地区的海豹和海狮受到了影响。The virus has been identified in seals on both the eastern and western coasts of the United States. At least 300 seals have died from bird flu in New England. Somewhat smaller numbers have died in Washington state’s Puget Sound. 在美国东海岸和西海岸的海豹中都发现了这种病毒。 新英格兰至少有 300 只海豹死于禽流感。 华盛顿州普吉特海湾的死亡人数略少。 Experts said the situation is also severe in South America, where more than 20,000 sea lions have died in Chile and Peru. In addition, thousands of elephant seals have died in Argentina.专家表示，南美洲的情况也很严重，智利和秘鲁已有超过2万只海狮死亡。 此外，阿根廷已有数千只象海豹死亡。 The virus can be controlled in domesticated animals, but it can spread quickly among wildlife and ocean mammals. In South America, for example, seals that have never been infected with the virus have suffered huge losses, said Marcela Uhart. She is director of the Latin America program at the Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center at the University of California, Davis. 该病毒可以在家养动物中得到控制，但可以在野生动物和海洋哺乳动物中迅速传播。 马塞拉·乌哈特说，例如，在南美洲，从未感染过该病毒的海豹遭受了巨大损失。 她是加州大学戴维斯分校凯伦·C·德雷尔野生动物健康中心拉丁美洲项目的主任。 Uhart said, “Once the virus is in wildlife, it spreads like wildfire, as long as there are susceptible animals and species.” She said the movement of animals “spreads the virus to new areas.” 乌哈特说：“病毒一旦进入野生动物体内，只要存在易感动物和物种，它就会像野火一样传播。” 她说动物的活动“将病毒传播到新的地区”。Scientists are still researching how the seals got infected. But Uhart said it is most likely from contact with infected seabirds. She noted the death rates have been high in South America since bird flu arrived late in 2022. Birds in Peru and Chile have died from the virus by the hundreds of thousands since then. 科学家们仍在研究海豹是如何被感染的。 但乌哈特表示，这很可能是由于与受感染的海鸟接触所致。 她指出，自 2022 年末禽流感爆发以来，南美洲的死亡率一直很高。自那时起，秘鲁和智利已有数十万只鸟类死于该病毒。 The worldwide outbreak is continuing, and the virus was even found for the first time in mainland Antarctica in February. Scientists have said bird flu might also have played a part in the deaths of hundreds of endangered Caspian seals in Russia last year. 全球范围内的疫情仍在持续，2月份甚至在南极洲大陆首次发现了该病毒。 科学家表示，去年俄罗斯数百只濒临灭绝的里海海豹死亡也可能与禽流感有关。 The deaths of seals and sea lions can hurt environments where the sea creatures are near the top of the food chain. Seals help keep the ocean in balance by preventing overpopulation of the fish they feed on. 海豹和海狮的死亡可能会损害处于食物链顶端的海洋生物的环境。 海豹通过防止其捕食的鱼类数量过多来帮助保持海洋平衡。 Many of the affected animals – such as South American sea lions and Southern elephant seals – have strong populations. But scientists worry about the possibility the virus could jump to more threatened populations. 许多受影响的动物——例如南美海狮和南象海豹——数量众多。 但科学家担心这种病毒可能会传染给更受威胁的人群。The World Organisation for Animal Health is a Paris-based intergovernmental organization that seeks to provide information about diseases spreading among animals. The group said in a statement the current situation “presents an unprecedented risk of wildlife population collapse, creating an ecological crisis." 世界动物卫生组织是一个总部位于巴黎的政府间组织，致力于提供有关动物间传播疾病的信息。 该组织在一份声明中表示，目前的情况“带来了野生动物数量崩溃的前所未有的风险，从而造成生态危机。” Some scientists and environmental activists say there could be a link between the bird flu outbreak and warming oceans connected to climate change. 一些科学家和环保活动人士表示，禽流感的爆发与气候变化导致的海洋变暖之间可能存在联系。Off northern Chile, warmer sea temperatures reduce the population of smaller fish in the area. This can make sea lions weaker and more likely to catch a disease, said Liesbeth van der Meer. She directs the environmental group Oceana in Chile. 智利北部海域，海水温度升高导致该地区小型鱼类的数量减少。 利斯贝斯·范德梅尔说，这会使海狮变得更虚弱，更容易感染疾病。 她领导着智利的环保组织 Oceana。 Van der Meer said scientists and environmentalists are hopeful that vaccinating poultry will help lessen disease spread. She noted that health officials have also warned humans to avoid any contact with possibly infected animals in the wild. 范德梅尔说，科学家和环保人士希望为家禽接种疫苗将有助于减少疾病传播。 她指出，卫生官员还警告人类避免与野外可能受感染的动物有任何接触。

Bamboo farming is on the rise in Uganda. The strong and fast-growing crop is seen by the East African government as having real growth possibility. 乌干达的竹子种植业正在兴起。 东非政府认为这种强劲且快速生长的作物具有真正的增长潜力。 Along a 3-kilometer stretch of the river Rwizi, environment protection officers recently planted new bamboo seedlings and cleared room for last year's survivors to grow. 最近，环保官员沿着鲁维济河 3 公里长的河段种植了新的竹苗，并为去年的幸存者清理了生长空间。 The river Rwizi is the most important river in western Uganda that includes the major city of Mbarara. A successful bamboo forest would protect the river against sand miners, farmers and others whose activities have long threatened it. 鲁维济河是乌干达西部最重要的河流，包括主要城市姆巴拉拉。 成功的竹林将保护河流免受采砂者、农民和其他人的活动长期威胁河流的侵害。 The National Environment Management Authority estimates that the Rwizi has lost 60 percent of its water collection area over many years. In some areas the river runs as narrow as a stream. 国家环境管理局估计，多年来，鲁维济河已经失去了 60% 的集水面积。 在某些地区，河流像小溪一样狭窄。 “Once bamboo is established, it is almost like a net," said Jeconious Musingwire. He is an environment officer who was the project's technical advisor. “The roots trap everything, including the surface runoff, and stabilize the weaknesses of the banks.” “竹子一旦扎起来，就几乎像一张网，”杰科尼奥斯·穆辛维尔（Jeconious Musingwire）说。他是一名环境官员，也是该项目的技术顾问。“根部捕获了一切，包括地表径流，并稳定了堤岸的弱点。” In Uganda, bamboo can be burned for fuel in rural communities, taking pressure off shrinking forests of eucalyptus and other natural resources. It is a strong plant that can grow almost anywhere. And businesses can turn it into products ranging from furniture to toothpicks. 在乌干达，竹子可以在农村社区燃烧作为燃料，减轻桉树林和其他自然资源萎缩的压力。 它是一种强壮的植物，几乎可以在任何地方生长。 企业可以将其转化为从家具到牙签等各种产品。Some of the bamboo species grown in Uganda are imported from Asia. But many grow wild. One kind has shoots that are smoked and then boiled to make a popular traditional meal in eastern Uganda. 乌干达种植的一些竹子品种是从亚洲进口的。 但许多都是野生的。 其中一种是用烟熏然后煮沸的嫩芽制成乌干达东部流行的传统膳食。 The Ugandan government has set a 10-year policy that calls for planting 300,000 hectares of bamboo. Most of it will be grown on private land by 2029 as part of wider reforestation efforts. 乌干达政府制定了一项为期10年的政策，要求种植30万公顷竹子。 到 2029 年，作为更广泛的重新造林工作的一部分，其中大部分将在私人土地上种植。 That is a high target. The Uganda Bamboo Association, the largest such group with 340 members, has planted only 500 hectares. Even with growing interest in bamboo farming, officials will have to push more farmers in rural parts of Uganda to plant large areas of land with bamboo. 这是一个很高的目标。 乌干达竹子协会是最大的竹子协会，拥有 340 名成员，但种植面积仅为 500 公顷。 即使人们对竹子种植的兴趣日益浓厚，官员们仍不得不推动乌干达农村地区更多的农民种植大片竹子。 A single bamboo pole brings in a little less than a dollar, so farmers need to grow a lot to earn enough. Bamboo promoters are urging them to see a bamboo plantation as the same kind of money-making crop as coffee or tea. Banks are offering bamboo “plantation capital” loans that promise ownership of large forests of bamboo. 一根竹竿的收入不到一美元，因此农民需要大量种植竹竿才能赚到足够的钱。 竹子推广者敦促他们将竹子种植园视为与咖啡或茶一样的赚钱作物。 银行提供竹子“种植园资本”贷款，承诺拥有大片竹林。 Bamboo plants are normally ready for harvesting in three to five years. A well-maintained plantation can be useful for at least 50 years, said Jacob Ogola, a crop production expert working with the large Kitara Farm. He said bamboo is easy to manage, and usually does not need spraying for pests. 竹子通常在三到五年内即可收获。 大型基塔拉农场的农作物生产专家雅各布·奥戈拉 (Jacob Ogola) 表示，维护良好的种植园至少可以使用 50 年。 他说，竹子易于管理，通常不需要喷药防治害虫。 Still, Uganda’s bamboo plantations are not growing fast enough to build an industry around the plant. 尽管如此，乌干达的竹子种植园增长速度还不够快，无法围绕竹子建立产业。 Steve Tusiime owns a bamboo nursery. It has sold fewer than 10,000 seedlings in the past two years. But, Tusiime said, “Bamboo is going to be a game changer in Africa. You can eat bamboo, you can use it to build, you can create an industry for bamboo, you can feed it to your animals, and it can take care of your land.” 史蒂夫·图西梅 (Steve Tusiime) 拥有一个竹子苗圃。 过去两年，它售出了不到10,000株树苗。 但是，Tusiime 说：“竹子将改变非洲的游戏规则。 你可以吃竹子，你可以用它来建造，你可以创造竹子产业，你可以用竹子喂养你的动物，它可以照顾你的土地。” 

Humans have been writing by hand for thousands of years. 人类用手书写已有数千年历史。 Since ancient times, people have used every tool imaginable to share information, do business, and keep records. 自古以来，人们就使用一切可以想象到的工具来共享信息、开展业务和保存记录。 But as computers took over the job and the type-written word became more common, something was lost in the process; namely, the charm and personal nature of a hand-written note or letter. 但随着计算机接管了这项工作，打字文字变得越来越普遍，一些东西在这个过程中丢失了。 即手写便条或信件的魅力和个性。Now, letter writing is making a comeback in the form of artificial intelligence-operated robots. These AI robots can write notes for humans in their own handwriting. 现在，写信正以人工智能操作的机器人的形式卷土重来。 这些人工智能机器人可以用自己的笔迹为人类写笔记。 David Wachs is the head and founder of Handwrytten. He said businesses use his company’s robots for handwritten letters and “thank-you” notes to create a strong and personal connection with those who receive them. David Wachs 是 Handwrytten 的负责人和创始人。 他说，企业使用他公司的机器人来手写信件和“感谢”便条，以与收信人建立牢固的个人联系。 Many non-profit organizations also use handwritten letters to keep donations coming. It helps turn one-time givers, or donors, into yearly givers, Wachs explained. 许多非营利组织还使用手写信件来持续捐款。 沃克斯解释说，它有助于将一次性捐赠者或捐赠者转变为每年一次的捐赠者。 Wachs added, “I think what's old is new again.” 沃克斯补充道：“我认为旧的又是新的。”Automated letter writing is not new. Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. President, often used a polygraph created by British inventor John Isaac Hawkins. Jefferson considered the device the greatest invention of his time. It let him make copies of his letters to keep for his own records. 自动写信并不是什么新鲜事。 美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊经常使用英国发明家约翰·艾萨克·霍金斯发明的测谎仪。 杰斐逊认为该装置是他那个时代最伟大的发明。 这让他可以复印信件作为自己的记录。 Charles Morrill is a historian and professional woodworker who worked as a guide for several years at Monticello, Jefferson’s Virginia home from 1770 until his death in 1826. Morrill said about the polygraph, “Jefferson falls in love with this and it becomes in many ways the hobby of his presidency...He keeps buying machines and exchanges ones that are not quite perfect for the next one that’s a little bit better.” 查尔斯·莫里尔 (Charles Morrill) 是一位历史学家和专业木工，从 1770 年起一直在杰斐逊位于弗吉尼亚州蒙蒂塞洛的家中担任向导数年，直到他于 1826 年去世。莫里尔谈到测谎仪时说道：“杰斐逊爱上了它，它在很多方面都成为了 这是他总统任期内的爱好……他不断购买机器，并将不太完美的机器换成下一台稍微好一点的机器。” The president had more than ten of the devices at one point, Morrill added. Using what he considered wonderful technology, historians say Jefferson went on to write almost 20,000 letters in his lifetime. 莫里尔补充说，总统曾一度拥有十多个设备。 历史学家称，杰斐逊一生中使用他认为出色的技术写了近 20,000 封信。In a January 15, 1809 letter to Charles Willson Peale, who worked with Hawkins to develop and perfect the machine, Jefferson wrote: “The use of the polygraph has spoiled me for the old copying press the copies of which are hardly ever legible,” adding, “I could not, now therefore, live without the Polygraph.” 1809 年 1 月 15 日，杰斐逊在写给与霍金斯一起开发和完善该机器的查尔斯·威尔森·皮尔 (Charles Willson Peale) 的信中写道：“测谎仪的使用让我对老式复印机宠坏了，因为它的复印件几乎无法辨认。” 补充道，“因此，现在我不能没有测谎仪。” Morrill remembered that a visitor once told him, “What is it about you Americans and this new, new thing? Other cultures aren't like this. You Americans are just so absolutely convinced that the next new thing is going to do it; the latest software, the latest computer, the latest phone.” 莫里尔记得，一位访客曾经告诉他：“你们美国人和这个新事物有什么关系？ 其他文化并非如此。 你们美国人绝对相信下一个新事物将会做到这一点； 最新的软件、最新的电脑、最新的手机。” “And I think this kind of begins with Jefferson,” Morrill added. “我认为这要从杰斐逊开始，”莫里尔补充道。Handwriting technology has greatly changed since Jefferson’s time. 自杰斐逊时代以来，手写技术发生了巨大变化。 Wachs says such technology now includes 3D printing and laser cutting, among others. And if users need help thinking of exactly what to write in their notes, they can choose AI to help them create a more effective message. Wachs 表示，此类技术现在包括 3D 打印和激光切割等。 如果用户需要帮助思考到底要在笔记中写什么，他们可以选择人工智能来帮助他们创建更有效的信息。 Whether via the printing press or the polygraph, a computer or a robot, one thing is clear… humans will use whatever tool they have to express themselves through the printed word. 无论是通过印刷机还是测谎仪、计算机还是机器人，有一件事是明确的……人类将使用他们拥有的任何工具通过印刷文字来表达自己。 

Scientists say new research confirms results of an earlier study suggesting the crash of a spacecraft into an asteroid changed the shape of the targeted object. 科学家表示，新的研究证实了早期研究的结果，即航天器撞击小行星改变了目标物体的形状。 The latest research follows another recent study examining the effects of the asteroid strike. NASA crashed its DART spacecraft into the asteroid Dimorphos in 2022 in an area about 11 million kilometers from Earth. 这项最新研究是在最近另一项研究小行星撞击影响的研究之后进行的。 2022 年，美国宇航局 (NASA) 将其 DART 航天器撞向距离地球约 1100 万公里的小行星Dimorphos。 The experiment tested a method for changing the orbit of some asteroids to prevent them from possibly crashing into our planet in the future. 该实验测试了一种改变一些小行星轨道的方法，以防止它们将来可能撞击我们的星球。 NASA has said its studies of the crash showed it was successful because the force of the strike changed the asteroid’s orbit around a larger asteroid called Didymos. Data also showed the strike reduced the orbital period of Dimorphos by 33 minutes. 美国宇航局表示，对这次撞击的研究表明这次撞击是成功的，因为撞击的力量改变了小行星围绕一颗名为“迪迪莫斯”的更大小行星的轨道。 数据还显示，这次撞击使 Dimorphos 的轨道周期缩短了 33 分钟。The team that carried out the most recent research said that in addition to changing the asteroid’s orbit, it appears the crash also changed the shape of Dimorphos. 进行最新研究的团队表示，除了改变了小行星的轨道之外，这次撞击似乎还改变了迪莫佛斯的形状。 This confirms results of the earlier study, which concluded that the crash had likely “completely reshaped” Dimorphos and turned it into a relatively weak collection of “rubble.” The team carrying out that study used a computer simulation system to study the changes to Dimorphos. 这证实了早期研究的结果，该研究得出的结论是，这次碰撞可能“彻底重塑”了 Dimorphos，并将其变成了相对脆弱的“瓦砾”集合。 进行该研究的团队使用计算机模拟系统来研究 Dimorphos 的变化。 The new research suggests that while Dimorphos had a mostly round shape before the crash, it was reshaped by the strike into an object that looks more like a watermelon. The technical term for this kind of shape is triaxial ellipsoid, the scientists said. 新的研究表明，虽然 Dimorphos 在坠机前的形状大部分是圆形的，但它在撞击后被重塑成看起来更像西瓜的物体。 科学家们说，这种形状的技术术语是三轴椭球。Steve Chesley is a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California. He was the co-writer of a study describing the findings that recently appeared in the publication Planetary Science Journal. 史蒂夫·切斯利 (Steve Chesley) 是美国宇航局加利福尼亚州喷气推进实验室 (JPL) 的高级研究科学家。 他是一项研究的合著者，该研究描述了最近发表在《行星科学杂志》上的研究结果。Chesley told Reuters news agency the data studied for the latest research shows Dimorphos is currently a collection of non-solid debris including dust, rocks and other materials. This state means the asteroid’s “strength is quite low,” permitting Dimorphos to reshape more easily than a more solid object. 切斯利告诉路透社，最新研究的数据显示，Dimorphos 目前是非固体碎片的集合，包括灰尘、岩石和其他材料。 这种状态意味着小行星的“强度相当低”，使得 Dimorphos 比更坚固的物体更容易重塑。 The new study’s lead writer was Shantanu Naidu. He told Reuters the asteroid was able to completely reshape because the strike by the asteroid turned much of its material into rubble. 这项新研究的主要作者是尚塔努·奈杜 (Shantanu Naidu)。 他告诉路透社，这颗小行星之所以能够完全重塑，是因为小行星的撞击将其大部分物质变成了碎石。 The researchers based their findings on the shape and orbit of Dimorphos on observations from ground-based telescopes. They looked at how sunlight reflections off the surfaces of the two asteroids changed over time. They also used data from radio waves that hit the objects and images the DART spacecraft captured. 研究人员根据地面望远镜的观测结果得出了 Dimorphos 的形状和轨道的结论。 他们观察了两颗小行星表面的阳光反射随时间的变化。 他们还使用了来自撞击物体的无线电波的数据以及 DART 航天器捕获的图像。 Researchers have said they expect to learn more about the two asteroids in the future.研究人员表示，他们希望将来能更多地了解这两颗小行星。 The European Space Agency's Hera spacecraft plans to launch in October and reach the asteroids by late 2026. ESA says Hera’s cameras and instruments will carry out detailed studies of Dimorphos and Didymos. During the operation, the spacecraft will aim to collect the most data yet on such an asteroid system. 欧洲航天局的 Hera 航天器计划于 10 月发射，并于 2026 年底到达小行星。ESA 表示，Hera 的相机和仪器将对 Dimorphos 和 Didymos 进行详细研究。 在操作过程中，航天器的目标是收集有关此类小行星系统的最多数据。 "We are anxiously awaiting the arrival of ESA's Hera spacecraft, when we will be able to compare our modeled shape with that obtained from Hera imagery,” Chesley said. He added, “We will also learn how much the orbit has changed since we last observed it in 2023." 切斯利说：“我们正在焦急地等待欧空局赫拉航天器的到来，届时我们将能够将我们的模型形状与从赫拉图像中获得的形状进行比较。”他补充说，“我们还将了解自上次以来轨道发生了多少变化 2023 年观测到了这一现象。” 

20 quadrillion sounds like a lot of ants, and it is. To give you an idea, that's two and a half million ants for every human on Earth. 20千万亿听起来像是很多只蚂蚁，事实也确实如此。这就相当于地球上每一个人对应250万只蚂蚁。 To count them at one a second would take 634 million years. So, no one's tried that. 以每秒数一只蚂蚁的速度，要6.34亿年才能数完。所以，没有人尝试过。But the scientists involved in this report have made their estimate by consulting hundreds of studies from different habitats around the world. 然而参与这项研究的科学家们通过查阅世界各地不同蚂蚁栖息地的数百项研究做出了估算。 The study warns that the staggering figure may be an underestimate because of the lack of data from regions including Central Africa and Asia. 该研究提醒，由于缺少包括中非和亚洲等地区的数据，所以尽管这个数字惊人，但可能仍低估了蚂蚁的实际数量。词汇表quadrillion 一千万亿give someone an idea 让某人大致了解情况estimate 估算，估计consulting 查阅staggering 惊人的underestimate 低估