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Tuvalu, the fourth smallest nation in the world, announced its intention to become the world's first digital country back in 2022. But why, and how? 图瓦卢是世界上第四小的国家，早在 2022 年就宣布打算成为世界上第一个数字国家。但是为什么以及如何实现呢？ Facing the devastating effects of rising sea levels caused by climate change, the nation, made up of three reef islands and six atolls, is rapidly becoming uninhabitable. Tuvalu sits between Hawaii and Australia and is grappling with increasingly dire conditions. In 2022, at high tide, nearly 40% of the capital became submerged, according to the news agency Reuters. A recent assessment by scientists at NASA indicated that "much of the land plus critical infrastructure will sit below the level of the current high tide by 2050". And projections suggest the entire country could be underwater by the year 2100. Global warming has already displaced many of Tuvalu's 11,000 inhabitants, while coral bleaching and coastal erosion continue to degrade the surrounding environment. 面对气候变化造成的海平面上升的破坏性影响，这个由三个礁岛和六个环礁组成的国家正在迅速变得不适合居住。图瓦卢位于夏威夷和澳大利亚之间，正在努力应对日益严峻的形势。据路透社报道，2022 年涨潮时，近 40% 的首都被淹没。美国宇航局科学家最近的一项评估表明，“到 2050 年，大部分土地加上关键基础设施将低于当前高潮水位”。预测显示，到 2100 年，整个国家可能会被淹没。全球变暖已经使图瓦卢 11,000 名居民中的许多人流离失所，而珊瑚白化和海岸侵蚀继续使周围环境恶化。 This is why the government plans to back up the country and rebuild a virtual online replica. The announcement was first made at the UN Climate Change Conference, COP27 by Tuvalu's Minister of Justice, Simon Kofe. He said, "As our land slips below the ocean, we have no choice but to become the world's first digital nation. Our land, our ocean, our culture are the most precious assets of our people". 这就是政府计划支持国家并重建虚拟在线副本的原因。图瓦卢司法部长西蒙·科菲 (Simon Kofe) 在联合国气候变化大会 COP27 上首次宣布了这一消息。他说：“当我们的土地沉入海洋时，我们别无选择，只能成为世界上第一个数字国家。我们的土地、我们的海洋、我们的文化是我们人民最宝贵的资产”。 The country has since been preserving Tuvalu's cultural and historical identity by recording historical documents, maps, family photograph albums, traditional songs, and other cultural practices, all of which will be accessible online. In early 2024, Place, a global non-profit organisation, began mapping the physical features of Funafuti, Tuvalu's capital, using drones and 360-degree cameras. 此后，该国一直通过记录历史文献、地图、家庭相册、传统歌曲和其他文化习俗来保护图瓦卢的文化和历史特征，所有这些都可以在线访问。2024 年初，全球非营利组织 Place 开始使用无人机和 360 度相机绘制图瓦卢首都富纳富提的物理特征。Though moving a country online has legal challenges – international law requires a country to have territory and population, both of which are uncertain in Tuvalu's future. At the same time, critics argue the plan is just for publicity, highlighting the need to reduce emissions. 尽管将一个国家转移到网上存在法律挑战，但国际法要求一个国家拥有领土和人口，而这两者对图瓦卢的未来来说都是不确定的。与此同时，批评者认为该计划只是为了宣传，强调减少排放的必要性。 Whatever happens, a digital twin of the country will help preserve its culture and heritage for generations to come. 无论发生什么，该国的数字孪生都将有助于为子孙后代保护其文化和遗产。 

People living in the area have reported health problems. Some told the Associated Press (AP) that they suffered from itchy skin, sore throat and other difficulties. 居住在该地区的人们报告了健康问题。一些人告诉美联社，他们患有皮肤瘙痒、喉咙痛和其他困难。 The Indonesia-based nonprofit group Satya Bumi sent water, dust and shellfish from the area to a laboratory this year. The group said the results showed dangerous levels of nickel, lead and cadmium. These substances are linked to mining. 总部位于印度尼西亚的非营利组织 Satya Bumi 今年将该地区的水、灰尘和贝类送往实验室。该组织表示，结果显示镍、铅和镉的含量达到危险水平。这些物质与采矿有关。 Kathrin Shilling is an assistant professor and biology researcher at Columbia University in New York City. She studied the lab results. Shilling told the AP, “If people on this island are using the river water as drinking water…you cannot escape basically any of the exposure to those toxic metals.” 凯瑟琳·希林 (Kathrin Shilling) 是纽约市哥伦比亚大学的助理教授和生物学研究员。她研究了实验室结果。希林告诉美联社，“如果这个岛上的人们使用河水作为饮用水……你基本上无法避免接触这些有毒金属。” Kabaena is not the only place affected. To the north, on a larger island, Torobulu is another place where mining damage can be seen.卡巴埃纳并不是唯一受到影响的地方。在北部的一个较大岛屿上，托罗布鲁是另一个可以看到采矿破坏的地方。 The mining problems continue although Indonesia’s constitutional court ruled in March of this year that small islands such as Kabaena should have special protection. However, a researcher from Satya Bumi said the government is still approving mining permits. 尽管印尼宪法法院今年三月裁定卡巴埃纳等小岛应受到特别保护，但采矿问题仍然存在。然而，萨蒂亚布米的一位研究人员表示，政府仍在批准采矿许可证。 The group Mighty Earth said 150 hectares of forest have been cleared on Kabaena since April 1. And it said over half of that was on land controlled by the mining company Tonia Mitra Sejahtera. The company and Indonesia’s Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources did not answer requests for comment from the AP.Mighty Earth 组织表示，自 4 月 1 日以来，卡巴埃纳已有 150 公顷森林被砍伐。该组织表示，其中一半以上位于矿业公司 Tonia Mitra Sejahtera 控制的土地上。该公司和印度尼西亚能源和矿产资源部没有回应美联社的置评请求。 Amiruddin is a 53-year-old fisherman on Kabaena Island. He said the results of the government permits for mining have affected many people. 阿米鲁丁 (Amiruddin) 是卡巴埃纳岛 (Kabaena Island) 的 53 岁渔民。他说，政府采矿许可证的结果影响了很多人。 “All residents here have felt the impact,” he said. “这里的所有居民都感受到了影响，”他说。 

Indonesia has the world’s largest known supply of nickel and major supplies of valuable minerals, including cobalt and bauxite. However, the mining industry there is being criticized for not protecting the environment and some Indonesian island people. 印度尼西亚拥有世界上已知最大的镍供应量以及钴和铝土矿等有价值矿物的主要供应量。然而，那里的采矿业因不保护环境和一些印尼岛民而受到批评。 The Southeast Asian country is involved in mining that produces materials important to the manufacture of stainless steel and electric vehicle batteries, among other things. 这个东南亚国家从事采矿业，生产对制造不锈钢和电动汽车电池等重要的材料。 Indonesia is aiming to expand its mining and processing industries. But the development could face opposition from international and local groups. 印度尼西亚的目标是扩大其采矿和加工业。但这一发展可能会面临国际和当地团体的反对。 Nickel processing centers are becoming more common in parts of Indonesia. Sometimes, the plants are near the sea where many boats line up to carry ore, a mineral combination that contains nickel. Sometimes, these plants are near schools or places where local people fish or farm. 镍加工中心在印度尼西亚部分地区变得越来越普遍。有时，这些工厂靠近大海，许多船只排队运输矿石，这是一种含有镍的矿物组合。有时，这些工厂位于学校或当地人钓鱼或耕种的地方附近。 The World Resources Institute, based in Washington D.C., says from 2001 to 2020, 1.4 million hectares of trees were cut down around the world. Indonesia is estimated to have had the highest loss. 总部位于华盛顿特区的世界资源研究所表示，从 2001 年到 2020 年，世界各地有 140 万公顷的树木被砍伐。据估计，印度尼西亚的损失最高。Amanda Hurowitz is a director with Mighty Earth. The environmental group is also based in Washington, D.C. Hurowitz said that, on the island of Kabaena, mining companies have cleared 3,700 hectares of forest in the last 22 years. 阿曼达·赫洛维茨 (Amanda Hurowitz) 是《强大地球》的导演。该环保组织的总部也位于华盛顿特区。Hurowitz 表示，在卡巴埃纳岛上，采矿公司在过去 22 年里砍伐了 3,700 公顷的森林。 Fishermen who used to fish off the island have said the waters are filled with sediment from the mines. People in farming communities also say they are affected. They say sugar cane, sugar palms and clove trees do not grow well anymore. 曾经在岛上捕鱼的渔民说，水域里充满了矿井的沉积物。农业社区的人们也表示他们受到了影响。他们说甘蔗、糖棕榈和丁香树不再生长得很好。Amal Susanto is a sugar palm farmer. He said: “That’s the effect: The growth of the sugar palm trees will not be as good because of the influence of mining.” Susanto lives in an area where permits have been approved but mining has not yet begun. 阿迈勒·苏珊托 (Amal Susanto) 是一名糖棕榈种植者。他说：“这就是效果：因为采矿的影响，糖棕树的生长不会那么好。” 苏珊托居住的地区已获得许可证，但采矿尚未开始。 

Laiba Rashid is a 22-year-old Pakistani student in a special training program in the city of Lahore. The program, called Women on Wheels (WOW), teaches women how to operate two-wheelers, or motorcycles. Rashid hopes her life will change after she learns how to ride a motorcycle. 莱巴·拉希德 (Laiba Rashid) 是一名 22 岁的巴基斯坦学生，正在拉合尔市参加特殊培训项目。该项目名为“Women on Wheels”（WOW），教女性如何操作两轮车或摩托车。拉希德希望在学会骑摩托车后她的生活会改变。 Although the program is 7 years old, it is still rare to see women ride motorcycles. In the Islamic nation, it is more common to see women driving cars or riding in the back of two-wheelers operated by a male relative. The WOW program is offered free by the Lahore traffic police. 虽然这个节目已经有7年了，但还是很少看到女性骑摩托车的。在伊斯兰国家，更常见的是女性驾驶汽车或乘坐男性亲戚驾驶的两轮车。WOW 计划由拉合尔交警免费提供。 "I hope this will change my life because I am dependent on my brother to pick me up and drop me to college," Rashid said on her first day at WOW.“我希望这会改变我的生活，因为我依赖我的兄弟来接我并送我上大学，”拉希德在 WOW 的第一天说道。 She said she wants to buy a motorcycle to go to college, adding that, before, there were no women drivers in her family. "Now everybody is convinced that women should be independent in their movement to schools, jobs and markets," she said. 她说，她想买一辆摩托车去上大学，并补充说，以前她家里没有女司机。“现在每个人都相信，女性在进入学校、工作和市场时应该独立，”她说。Bushra Iqbal Hussain is a social activist and director of Safe Childhood. Hussain said women driving two-wheelers has been a cultural and religious taboo. But, she said, more women are now changing the culture like they did in the 1980s with regular cars to reduce their dependence on men to move around. 布什拉·伊克巴尔·侯赛因 (Bushra Iqbal Hussain) 是一位社会活动家，也是安全童年组织的主任。侯赛因说，女性驾驶两轮车一直是一种文化和宗教禁忌。但是，她说，现在越来越多的女性正在改变这种文化，就像 20 世纪 80 年代那样，她们使用普通汽车，以减少对男性出行的依赖。 The WOW program has been in operation since 2017. But it has become increasingly popular in recent months as car prices have greatly increased and motorcycles offer a less costly choice. WOW 计划自 2017 年开始实施。但近几个月来，随着汽车价格大幅上涨以及摩托车提供了更便宜的选择，该计划变得越来越受欢迎。 The cheapest four-wheel vehicle in Pakistan costs about $8,265 compared to about $1,345 for a Chinese-made two-wheeler. The average yearly income per person in Pakistan is $1,696. 巴基斯坦最便宜的四轮车售价约为 8,265 美元，而中国制造的两轮车售价约为 1,345 美元。巴基斯坦人均年收入为 1,696 美元。 Sohail Mudassar is a traffic official in Lahore. He said the WOW program has trained at least 6,600 women, and Rashid's group was the 86th since it started. Female trainer Humaira Rafaqat added, "Young women are quick learners because they are enthusiastic and take risks." Sohail Mudassar 是拉合尔的一名交通官员。他说，WOW 项目已经培训了至少 6,600 名女性，拉希德的团队是该项目启动以来的第 86 个团队。女教练胡迈拉·拉法卡特 (Humaira Rafaqat) 补充道：“年轻女性学习速度很快，因为她们充满热情并敢于冒险。”One of them, Ghania Raza, is a 23-year-old who is working toward a doctorate in criminology. She said learning to ride a two-wheeler gave her a deep sense of achievement and empowerment: "It was like breaking a glass ceiling," she said. 其中一名 23 岁的加尼亚·拉扎 (Ghania Raza) 正在攻读犯罪学博士学位。她说，学习骑两轮车给了她一种深深的成就感和力量：“这就像打破了玻璃天花板，”她说。Shumaila Shafiq is a 36-year-old mother of three and a part-time clothing designer. She said she has been riding her husband's motorcycle to the market and other places after training in the program. Shumaila Shafiq 是一位 36 岁的三个孩子的母亲，也是一名兼职服装设计师。她说，在项目培训后，她一直骑着丈夫的摩托车去市场和其他地方。 Shafiq has also designed a short-length abaya for Muslim women to wear while operating a motorcycle. She said the long abaya is dangerous because it may get caught in the wheels of the motorcycle.沙菲克还设计了一款短款长袍，供穆斯林女性在驾驶摩托车时穿着。她说长袍很危险，因为它可能会被摩托车的轮子卡住。 

Every Friday, musician Enes Salman performs the Sevdalinka, an ancient form of love song from Bosnia and Herzegovina. 每周五，音乐家埃内斯·萨尔曼 (Enes Salman) 都会演奏《塞夫达林卡》(Sevdalinka)，这是一种来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的古老情歌。 Sevdalinka was recently included in UNESCO's National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. UNESCO is The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 塞夫达林卡最近被列入联合国教科文组织国家非物质文化遗产名录。联合国教科文组织是联合国教育、科学及文化组织。 Sevdalinka is often called the Balkan Blues. It is a somewhat sad form of urban love song that dates to the 1500s. It is a mix of South Slavic spoken poetry and music of the Ottoman Empire. 塞夫达林卡通常被称为巴尔干蓝调。这是一种有点悲伤的都市情歌，其历史可以追溯到 1500 年代。它融合了南斯拉夫口语诗歌和奥斯曼帝国的音乐。 Salman is among only a few musicians keeping the tradition alive. 萨尔曼是少数保持这一传统的音乐家之一。 "I have been playing and singing Sevdalinka since I was 14," he said before a recent performance. “我从 14 岁起就开始演奏和演唱《塞夫达林卡》，”他在最近的一场演出前说道。Sevdalinka is often performed a cappella. That means it is sung without musical instruments. Sometimes the performer sings with traditional instruments like a lute. This form, or genre, of music has been carried from generation to generation through performances at family gatherings. 塞夫达林卡经常进行无伴奏合唱。这意味着它是在没有乐器的情况下演唱的。有时表演者用鲁特琴等传统乐器唱歌。这种音乐形式或流派通过家庭聚会的表演代代相传。 In recent years, younger musicians have brought modern versions of Sevdalinka to audiences around the world. 近年来，年轻的音乐家将现代版本的塞夫达林卡带给世界各地的观众。 One of them is Damir Imamovic. His father and grandfather were famous Sevdalinka performers. In 2020 and 2021, Imamovic won awards from two world music publications, Songlines and Transglobal, for best European album. 达米尔·伊莫维奇就是其中之一。他的父亲和祖父都是著名的塞夫达林卡表演者。2020年和2021年，伊莫维奇荣获Songlines和Transglobal两家世界音乐出版物颁发的最佳欧洲专辑奖。 Imamovic supports Sevdalinka internationally through his SevdahLab project. The project helped build support for the music's inclusion on UNESCO's World Heritage list. Imamovic 通过他的 SevdahLab 项目在国际上支持 Sevdalinka。该项目为将音乐列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录提供了支持。 "I realized how little the public knows about the Sevdalinka genre and wanted to reveal the story behind that music," he said. “我意识到公众对塞夫达林卡流派知之甚少，因此想揭示这种音乐背后的故事，”他说。Zanin Berbic is a 28-year-old ethno-musicologist. He works as a curator in the music department of Bosnia's Regional Museum in Sarajevo, organizing, protecting, and bringing attention to music. He also plays saz, a long-necked lute used in Ottoman classical music. He said that Sevdalinka tells the story of Bosnia's history. Zanin Berbic 是一位 28 岁的民族音乐学家。他在萨拉热窝波斯尼亚地区博物馆音乐部担任策展人，负责组织、保护音乐并引起人们对音乐的关注。他还演奏萨兹（saz），一种奥斯曼古典音乐中使用的长颈鲁特琴。他说，《塞夫达林卡》讲述了波斯尼亚的历史故事。 Berbic said, "Most of my days I spend either singing or playing Sevdalinka songs or reading or talking about them. Sevdalinka is my life," he said. 贝尔比奇说：“我大部分时间都在唱歌或演奏塞夫达林卡歌曲，或者阅读或谈论它们。塞夫达林卡就是我的生活，”他说。 

An advert will be banned from being put online or played on the television before 9pm if the food item it promotes falls into one of 13 categories, and if analysis of its nutrients, such as salt, fat and sugar, lead to it being classified as less healthy on a government scoring system. 如果宣传的食品属于规定的 13 个品类之内，并且该食品的营养成分，如盐、脂肪和糖，含量分析结果在监管部门的评分系统中被分类为 “不够健康”，那么含有这些食品的广告将被禁止在晚上 9 点前在在线平台或电视频道中播放。 The focus on the product, which was set in legislation passed by the last government, means a fast-food chain, for example, would still be free to advertise without restrictions, as long as it didn't show any of its burgers, fries or other less healthy offerings. 由于上届政府通过的法案只强调了产品本身，因此诸如连锁快餐等商家只要不让汉堡包、薯条或其他不够健康的产品出现在广告中，就依然能够免受限制继续投放广告。 A spokesperson for the Department for Health and Social Care said the ban was clear – that unhealthy food products, which are excessively high in sugar, fat or salt were covered in the restrictions, but that it did not restrict brands from advertising, provided any products they feature met the conditions set. 英国卫生和社会保障部的一名发言人表示，本次禁令明确限制了含有过量糖、脂肪和盐的不健康食品的广告；但并不限制任何品牌打广告，只要它们的广告中出现的食品符合要求。 词汇表banned 禁止classified 分类legislation 法案，立法fast-food chain 连锁快餐restrictions 限制offerings （用于销售的）产品spokesperson 发言人excessively 过量的，过多的feature （在某个内容中）出现，以…为主要组成部分

For a term that's gained ground with millennials and Gen Z, the word 'manifest' actually dates back to the 1300s. Back then it was an adjective meaning 'clear' or 'obvious'. You can spot it in William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, even in the work of Geoffrey Chaucer. Nowadays, 'manifest' has a totally new meaning – the idea that, through the power of belief, we can effectively think a goal into becoming reality. 作为一个在千禧一代和 Z 世代人群中广为普及的流行词汇，“manifest” 这个词实际上最早可以追溯到 14 世纪。在当时，“manifest” 是一个形容词，意思是 “清晰的” 或 “明显的”。你可以在莎士比亚的 “威尼斯商人”、甚至是杰弗里·乔叟的诗集中找到它。现如今，“manifest” 有了一个崭新的意思——相信通过坚定的信念能让目标变为现实。 Although positive thinking, self-affirmation and goal-setting all have beneficial effects, some psychologists have argued manifestation could lead to unrealistic expectations, even obsessive behaviour. Nevertheless, the term has gained traction on social media, and this year on the Cambridge Dictionary website it was looked up almost 130,000 times. 虽然正面思考、自我肯定和目标设定这些做法都具有积极的影响，但心理学家认为 “manifestation” 这种 “相信通过信念能够让目标成为现实的做法” 可能会让人产生不切实际的期望，甚至出现强迫行为。尽管如此，“manifest” 还是在社交媒体上获得了大量的支持和认可。今年，在剑桥词典网站上搜索该词的次数接近 13 万次。 词汇表gained ground 普及dates back 追溯spot 发现self-affirmation 自我肯定goal-setting 目标设定obsessive 强迫性的，着迷的gained traction 获得支持或认可looked up 搜索

"Dinner's ready!" Do you recognise that familiar call for everyone to gather round the table and tuck in? Whether it's a takeaway with friends or a family get-together during holiday seasons, humans have been eating together for thousands of years. But why? “晚饭准备好了！” 您是否记得那个熟悉的号召大家围坐在桌子旁吃饭？无论是与朋友的外卖还是节日期间的家庭聚会，人类一起吃饭的历史已有数千年之久。但为什么？ The discovery of fire may have kickstarted communal eating for our hunter-gatherer ancestors, according to primatologist Richard Wrangham. Cooking a meal all those years ago required a social group – you needed someone to hunt the food, someone to protect the food from thieves or predators, and of course, someone to cook. And once enjoying the feast, evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar speculates that the fire's bright light may have given the humans longer nights and provided great opportunities for bonding over food. 灵长类动物学家理查德·兰厄姆表示，火的发现可能开启了我们以狩猎采集为生的祖先的集体饮食。多年前，做饭需要一个社会团体——你需要有人来寻找食物，有人来保护食物免遭小偷或掠夺者的侵害，当然，还需要有人来做饭。进化心理学家罗宾·邓巴（Robin Dunbar）在享用完这场盛宴后推测，火的明亮光芒可能让人类拥有了更长的夜晚，并为通过食物建立联系提供了绝佳的机会。 But modern humans don't face the same threats as we used to – we can cook and eat a meal by ourselves. So why should we still make group meals a ritual? In Dunbar's 2017 study 'Breaking Bread: the Functions of Social Eating', they found communal eating increased feelings of wellbeing and connectedness with the community. Despite this, the study found a third of weekday evening meals in the UK are eaten in isolation – the main cause being busy work schedules. 但现代人类不再像以前那样面临同样的威胁——我们可以自己做饭、吃饭。那么为什么我们还要把集体聚餐变成一种仪式呢？在 Dunbar 2017 年的研究“Breaking Bread：社交饮食的功能”中，他们发现集体饮食可以增加幸福感以及与社区的联系。尽管如此，研究发现英国工作日晚餐的三分之一是单独吃的——主要原因是繁忙的工作日程。 Today's reality is that having meals together can be difficult. Time management, fussy eaters, and family tensions are all things that can get in the way. But, in an article about overthinking family meals, Susannah Ayre and colleagues write 'Five tips to ease the pressure', including dropping the need for perfection. "There is no shame in reheating a frozen meal" or "eating on a picnic rug in the living room". 今天的现实是一起吃饭可能很困难。时间管理、挑食和家庭关系紧张等因素都可能成为阻碍。但是，在一篇关于过度考虑家庭膳食的文章中，苏珊娜·艾尔和同事写了“缓解压力的五个技巧”，其中包括放弃对完美的需求。“重新加热冷冻食品”或“在客厅的野餐地毯上吃东西”并不丢脸。 Sharing meals may look different today than it did for our ancestors, but the essence stays the same: food is more than just fuel. It can be a way to connect, share stories and strengthen bonds. 今天的分享膳食可能看起来与我们祖先的情况有所不同，但本质是一样的：食物不仅仅是燃料。它可以成为联系、分享故事和加强联系的一种方式。 词汇表gather round 聚到一起tuck in 痛快地吃takeaway 外卖get-together 团聚，聚会communal 群体的，集体的hunter-gatherer 狩猎采集者feast 盛宴bond 建立纽带ritual 仪式wellbeing 身心健康connectedness 连结性，联系感isolation 独立，孤立fussy 挑剔的，难以取悦的tension 矛盾，紧张的关系reheat 再次加热picnic 野餐

The scientists said their new findings on the mixing and mating of the groups suggested the activities happened a little more recently than thought in the past. They believe the contact continued over many generations. 科学家们表示，他们关于这些群体混合和交配的新发现表明，这些活动发生的时间比过去想象的要晚一些。他们相信这种接触持续了好几代人。Priya Moorjani was co-writer of the study appearing in Science. She is an assistant professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. She told Reuters, “Genetic data from these samples really helps us paint a picture in more and more detail.” Priya Moorjani 是发表在《科学》杂志上的这项研究的合著者。她是加州大学伯克利分校分子和细胞生物学助理教授。她告诉路透社，“这些样本的基因数据确实帮助我们越来越详细地描绘了一幅图景。” The team noted that it is difficult to know the exact nature of the interactions between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals based on the examined data. The researchers also could not confirm exactly where the mixing and mating happened. However, they believe it was most likely somewhere in the Middle East. 研究小组指出，根据检查的数据很难了解智人和尼安德特人之间相互作用的确切性质。研究人员也无法确定混合和交配发生的确切位置。然而，他们认为它很可能在中东某个地方。 The researchers noted most modern humans still have genetic material from Neanderthals that accounts for an estimated one to two percent of their DNA. They said modern-day genetic traits linked to skin color, hair color and even nose shape can relate back to the Neanderthals. Our genetic makeup also includes links to another group of human ancestors called Denisovans. 研究人员指出，大多数现代人类仍然拥有来自尼安德特人的遗传物质，估计占其 DNA 的百分之一到百分之二。他们说，与肤色、头发颜色甚至鼻子形状相关的现代遗传特征可以追溯到尼安德特人。我们的基因构成还包括与另一群人类祖先（丹尼索瓦人）的联系。 Moorjani noted that the history of Neanderthals living outside Africa for thousands of years likely gave them a greater ability to deal with climate and diseases in new environments. “Some of their genes may have been beneficial to modern humans,” she added. 穆尔贾尼指出，尼安德特人在非洲以外生活了数千年的历史可能使他们在新环境中应对气候和疾病的能力更强。“它们的一些基因可能对现代人类有益，”她补充道。 Rick Potts is director of the Smithsonian Institution’s Human Origins program. He was not involved in the new research. Potts told The Associated Press he hopes future genetic studies can help scientists learn even more details about the interactions of Neanderthals and modern humans. 里克·波茨 (Rick Potts) 是史密森学会人类起源项目的主任。他没有参与这项新研究。波茨告诉美联社，他希望未来的基因研究能够帮助科学家了解更多关于尼安德特人和现代人类相互作用的细节。 He said, “Out of many really compelling areas of scientific investigation, one of them is: well, who are we?” 他说：“在许多真正引人注目的科学研究领域中，其中之一是：嗯，我们是谁？” 

Scientists have used ancient genes to learn more details about contact between Neanderthals and humans tens of thousands of years ago. 科学家利用古代基因来了解数万年前尼安德特人与人类接触的更多细节。Results of two recent studies estimate the two groups likely met and began mating about 45,000 years ago. 最近两项研究的结果估计，这两个群体很可能在大约 45,000 年前相遇并开始交配。 Modern humans – also known as Homo sapiens – began in Africa hundreds of thousands of years ago and later started spreading to Europe, Asia and other places. Scientists believe that at some point, they met and mated with Neanderthals. The mixing of these groups had a major influence on humans’ genetic code. 现代人类（也称为智人）数十万年前起源于非洲，后来开始传播到欧洲、亚洲和其他地方。科学家认为，在某个时候，他们与尼安德特人相遇并交配。这些群体的混合对人类的遗传密码产生了重大影响。 However, scientists do not know exactly when or how the two groups interacted. But the two new studies provide some additional details about the timing of this contact. 然而，科学家们并不确切知道这两个群体何时或如何相互作用。但这两项新研究提供了有关这次接触时间的一些额外细节。 One group of scientists examined genetic material from three female and three male Homo sapien individuals who lived around 45,000 years ago. Reuters news agency reported that research involved the oldest genes from Homo sapiens ever examined, or sequenced. 一组科学家检查了生活在 45,000 年前的三名女性和三名男性智人的遗传物质。路透社报道称，这项研究涉及迄今为止检查或测序过的智人最古老的基因。 Some of the genes came from bones found in a cave in the central German village of Ranis. Other material came from a woman believed to have lived at around the same time in a cave in a mountainous area of what is now the Czech Republic. 一些基因来自在德国中部拉尼斯村庄的一个洞穴中发现的骨头。其他材料来自一位妇女，据信她大约在同一时期住在现在捷克共和国山区的一个洞穴里。Researchers estimated the period of mixing between Neanderthals and humans at about 49,000 to 45,000 years ago. The findings were recently published in a study in Nature. 研究人员估计尼安德特人和人类的混合时期约为 49,000 至 45,000 年前。该研究结果最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究中。 A second group of researchers examined genetic material from 300 present-day and ancient Homo sapiens. This included 59 individuals who lived between 2,000 and 45,000 years ago. That study, published in the journal Science, estimated the period of mixing at about 50,500 to 43,500 years ago. 第二组研究人员检查了 300 名现代和古代智人的遗传物质。其中包括生活在 2,000 至 45,000 年前的 59 个人。这项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究估计，混合时期约为 50,500 至 43,500 年前。

If keeping the plant looking normal is important, prune each branch or stem individually at uneven heights. It is also possible to cut back one-third of the plant's branches each year for three years. That method would have the least severe effect but requires the most patience. 如果保持植物看起来正常很重要，请在不均匀的高度处单独修剪每个树枝或茎。也可以在三年内每年砍掉三分之一的植物枝条。这种方法的影响最轻，但需要最大的耐心。 Evergreen trees and shrubs should only undergo light pruning such as the shortening of individual branches. Take care to avoid pruning too much or creating holes in evergreen plants and trees. With the exception of yews, they do not regrow from such damage. 常绿树木和灌木只能进行轻微修剪，例如缩短个别树枝。注意避免修剪过多或在常绿植物和树木上留下洞。除紫杉外，它们不会因这种损坏而重新生长。Now that you have taken care of pruning, turn your attention to the soil. 现在您已经完成了修剪工作，接下来将注意力转向土壤。 Test the soil's pH, or its acidity level. Do this to make sure the soil is good for the plants you plan to add. Test kits are available at local garden stores and online. In the United States, a cooperative extension service might provide soil testing and soil-amendment advice for a small cost. Cooperative extension services are part of a Department of Agriculture system that includes some universities. It aims to help farmers and people interested in plants. 测试土壤的 pH 值或酸度水平。这样做可以确保土壤适合您计划添加的植物。测试套件可在当地花园商店和网上购买。在美国，合作推广服务可能会以较低的成本提供土壤测试和土壤改良建议。合作推广服务是农业部系统的一部分，该系统还包括一些大学。它旨在帮助农民和对植物感兴趣的人们。 If the soil is hard, break it up with a machine or hand tools. Finally, spread five to seven centimeters of compost over the area. As it breaks down, nutrients will work their way into the soil. 如果土壤坚硬，请用机器或手动工具将其破碎。最后，在该区域撒上五到七厘米的堆肥。当它分解时，养分会进入土壤。After completing these steps, it will be time to plant your new garden. Choose new trees, shrubs or perennials, that will not grow wildly. Dig holes as deep as their roots but two times as wide and space them out to their expected full-grown sizes. Native plants are good because they need little added water or special care. 完成这些步骤后，就可以种植新花园了。选择不会疯狂生长的新树木、灌木或多年生植物。挖洞的深度与根部一样深，但宽度是其根部的两倍，并将它们间隔到预期的成熟尺寸。本土植物很好，因为它们几乎不需要添加水或特殊护理。 Plant groundcover – short, spreading plants – to cover the ground and keep weeds from growing and the soil from drying out. It might take one or two years, but a step-by-step approach will make gardening a joy again.植物地被植物——矮小的、蔓延的植物——覆盖地面，防止杂草生长和土壤干燥。这可能需要一两年的时间，但循序渐进的方法将使园艺再次成为一种乐趣。 And, perhaps best of all, you will see something beautiful when you look outside from your home. 而且，也许最重要的是，当您从家里向外看时，您会看到一些美丽的东西。 

Drug use among teenagers has continued to drop since the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large national study says.一项大型全国性研究表明，自 COVID-19 大流行初期以来，青少年吸毒人数持续下降。The federally financed Monitoring the Future study has been carried out yearly since 1975. However, the study only started measuring abstinence – the practice of rejecting alcohol or recreational drug use – in 2017.联邦资助的“监测未来”研究自 1975 年以来每年进行一次。然而，该研究直到 2017 年才开始衡量戒酒情况，即拒绝饮酒或消遣性药物的使用。This year’s findings are based on answers from about 24,000 students in grades 8, 10 and 12 in schools across the United States.今年的调查结果基于美国各地学校约 24,000 名 8、10 和 12 年级学生的回答。One major finding: About 66 percent of 12th graders said they had not used alcohol, marijuana, and traditional or electronic cigarettes in the previous 30 days.一项重大发现：约 66% 的 12 年级学生表示，他们在过去 30 天内没有使用酒精、大麻以及传统或电子烟。That share, or proportion, of students is the largest since the yearly study started measuring abstinence.这一比例是自年度研究开始衡量禁欲率以来最大的学生比例。The study is “one of the best, if not the best” source of national data for substance use by teens, said Noah Kreski. Kreski is a Columbia University data analyst who has studied teen drug use.诺亚·克雷斯基 (Noah Kreski) 表示，这项研究是“最好的，即使不是最好的”国家青少年药物使用数据来源。 克雷斯基是哥伦比亚大学的数据分析师，研究青少年吸毒情况。Among 10th graders, 80 percent said they had not used alcohol, marijuana, cigarettes or e-cigarettes recently, another record. Among 8th graders, 90 percent did not use any of them, the same as was reported in the previous study.在十年级学生中，80% 的人表示他们最近没有使用酒精、大麻、香烟或电子烟，这是另一项记录。 在八年级学生中，90% 的学生没有使用任何这些工具，这与之前的研究报告的情况相同。The only major increase found was in the use of nicotine pouches, small, white containers of nicotine which users place in their mouths. About 6 percent of 12th graders said they had used that form of nicotine in the past year, up from about 3 percent in 2023.唯一发现的主要增加是尼古丁袋的使用，这是使用者放入口中的小型白色尼古丁容器。 大约 6% 的 12 年级学生表示，他们在过去一年中使用过这种形式的尼古丁，而 2023 年这一比例约为 3%。Whether that has the makings of a new public health problem is unclear. The University of Michigan’s Richard Miech, who leads the study, said: “It’s hard to know if we’re seeing the start of something, or not.”目前尚不清楚这是否会引发新的公共卫生问题。 领导这项研究的密歇根大学理查德·米奇表示：“很难知道我们是否看到了某些事情的开始。”Early in the pandemic, students across the country were told not to go to schools and to avoid parties or other gatherings. Alcohol and drug use of all kinds dropped likely because use most often happens in friend group settings. Friends often influence each other to use drugs, experts say.在疫情爆发初期，全国各地的学生都被告知不要去学校，并避免参加聚会或其他聚会。 各种酒精和药物的使用可能会下降，因为使用最常发生在朋友群体中。 专家表示，朋友之间经常会影响彼此吸毒。As lockdowns ended, “I think everyone expected at least a partial rebound,” Miech said.随着封锁结束，“我认为每个人都预计至少会有部分反弹，”米奇说。Even before the pandemic, there were decreases in teen cigarette smoking, drinking and the use of several kinds of drugs. Experts suggested that teens were staying home as opposed to spending time in social settings, in which use of illegal substances is more likely.甚至在大流行之前，青少年吸烟、饮酒和使用多种药物的情况就已经减少。 专家建议，青少年呆在家里，而不是花时间在社交场合，因为社交场合更有可能使用非法药物。But marijuana use was not falling before the pandemic. And vaping was increasing. It was only during the pandemic that those activities began to decrease also.但在大流行之前，大麻的使用并没有下降。 电子烟的使用量正在增加。 只是在大流行期间，这些活动也开始减少。Some experts wonder if the pandemic lockdowns had a deeper influence.一些专家想知道大流行的封锁是否产生了更深层次的影响。Miech noted that a lot of teens who experiment with e-cigarettes or drugs start in the 9th grade, sometimes because older children are doing it. But the children who were 9th graders during the lockdowns never picked up the activity. And they never had the opportunity to turn into negative influencers of their younger classmates, he said.米奇指出，许多尝试电子烟或毒品的青少年从九年级开始，有时是因为年龄较大的孩子也在这样做。 但封锁期间九年级的孩子们从未参加过这项活动。 他说，他们从来没有机会成为年轻同学的负面影响者。“The pandemic stopped the cycle of new kids coming in and being recruited to drug use,” Miech said.米奇说：“这场大流行病阻止了新孩子进入并被招募吸毒的循环。”Mental health may also play a part. There were increased reports of depression and anxiety in kids after the pandemic began. Depression is often linked with substance use, but some people with depression and anxiety are very cautious about experimenting with drugs, said Dr. Duncan Clark. Clark is a University of Pittsburgh medical doctor who researches substance use in kids.心理健康也可能发挥一定作用。 大流行开始后，关于儿童抑郁和焦虑的报道有所增加。 邓肯·克拉克博士说，抑郁症通常与药物滥用有关，但一些患有抑郁症和焦虑症的人对尝试药物非常谨慎。 克拉克是匹兹堡大学的一名医生，研究儿童药物滥用问题。“Some teens with anxiety are worried about the effects of substances. They may also be socially inhibited and have less opportunity to use drugs,” Clark said.“一些患有焦虑症的青少年担心药物的影响。 他们也可能受到社交抑制，吸毒的机会较少，”克拉克说。

What is the best way to repair an overgrown garden? 修复杂草丛生的花园的最佳方法是什么？ Garden expert for the Associated Press Jessica Damiano believes she knows the answer. 美联社花园专家杰西卡·达米亚诺相信她知道答案。 Here are some of her suggestions for making big improvements. Planning in the autumn and winter months can help you see something much more beautiful next winter: 以下是她提出的一些重大改进的建议。秋季和冬季的计划可以帮助您在明年冬天看到更美丽的景色：First, take a notebook with you and walk around the garden. Look carefully at each part. Try to decide which plants can be saved, which to throw away, and which ones require attention. Make a list as soon as you can. 首先，带上笔记本，在花园里走走。仔细看每个部分。尝试决定哪些植物可以保留，哪些可以扔掉，哪些需要注意。尽快列一个清单。 Dead plants, weeds and invasive plants should be first to go. If the weather permits, dig them out, removing as much of their root systems as possible. Otherwise, wait until spring to do this before planting. 死去的植物、杂草和入侵植物应该首先被清除。如果天气允许，将它们挖出来，尽可能多地去除根系。否则，请等到春天再进行种植。 Next, remove and give away healthy plants that you do not want. Online groups and neighborhood web pages are places to find people to receive the plants. Many people will even be willing to do the digging if it means getting a free plant. 接下来，移除并放弃您不想要的健康植物。在线群组和社区网页是寻找接收植物的人的地方。如果这意味着获得免费的植物，许多人甚至愿意进行挖掘。 If the garden is full of plants, shrubs, trees and vines that have grown wild, you might need to use a chainsaw or heavy machine. 如果花园里长满了野生植物、灌木、树木和藤蔓，您可能需要使用链锯或重型机器。If there are a lot of weeds or if you want to create new garden beds, you can cover the existing vegetation rather than dig it up. Decide the size and shape of the area you want to make into a new bed. 如果杂草很多或者您想创建新的花园床，您可以覆盖现有的植被而不是将其挖掉。确定您想要制作新床的区域的大小和形状。 Cover that area with cardboard or lots of newspaper. Put about seven centimeters of compost and five centimeters of mulch on top of it. You can start in the autumn and leave it there over the winter until planting time in the spring. 用纸板或大量报纸覆盖该区域。在上面放大约七厘米的堆肥和五厘米的覆盖物。您可以从秋季开始，将其留在那里过冬，直到春季播种。 When it is time to plant, cut holes in the cardboard or paper big enough for the roots of your plants. The covering over the ground will keep most weeds from growing. Some weeds may break through and require pulling or more cardboard, Damiano said. 种植时，在纸板或纸张上切出足够大的孔，以容纳植物的根部。地面上的覆盖物可以防止大多数杂草生长。达米亚诺说，一些杂草可能会突破并需要拔除或更多纸板。Healthy but overgrown or unproductive deciduous shrubs can be brought back to life by pruning. “Deciduous” means that the plants lose their leaves during the winter season. The best time to prune many plants is when their branches are bare in late winter. 健康但杂草丛生或生产力低下的落叶灌木可以通过修剪恢复生机。“落叶”是指植物在冬季落叶。修剪许多植物的最佳时间是在冬末树枝光秃秃的时候。 Choosing a pruning method will require weighing appearance against the time it will take to recover. The fastest and most severe method would be to cut the whole plant down just above ground level. Although extreme, many shrubs can deal with this form of pruning and will bounce back stronger. 选择修剪方法需要权衡外观与恢复所需的时间。最快、最严厉的方法是将整个植物砍倒在地面以上。尽管极端，但许多灌木可以应对这种形式的修剪，并且会反弹得更强。

Nearly half of American teenagers – children ages 13 to 17 - say they are online “constantly” despite concerns about the effects of social media and smartphones on their mental health. 尽管担心社交媒体和智能手机对心理健康的影响，但近一半的美国青少年（13 至 17 岁的儿童）表示，他们“经常”上网。 The information comes from a report that was recently released by the Pew Research Center. 该信息来自皮尤研究中心最近发布的一份报告。 As in past years, YouTube was the most popular platform teenagers used. Around 90 percent said they watched videos on the website, down slightly from 95 percent in 2022. Nearly 75 percent of those questioned said they visit YouTube every day. 与过去几年一样，YouTube 是青少年最常用的平台。大约 90% 的受访者表示他们在网站上观看了视频，略低于 2022 年的 95%。近 75% 的受访者表示他们每天都会访问 YouTube。 There was a small downward change in several popular apps teens used. For example, 63 percent of teens said they used TikTok, down from 67 percent. Snapchat use went to 55 percent from 59 percent. This small decline could be due to pandemic-era restrictions easing up and kids having more time to see friends in person. But the change is probably not big enough to be truly meaningful.青少年使用的几个流行应用程序出现了小幅下降。例如，63% 的青少年表示他们使用 TikTok，低于 67%。Snapchat 的使用率从 59% 上升到 55%。这一小幅下降可能是由于大流行时期限制的放松以及孩子们有更多时间亲自见到朋友。但这种变化可能还不够大，不足以产生真正的意义。X saw the biggest decline among teenage users. Only 17 percent of teenagers said they use X, down from 23 percent in 2022, the year Elon Musk bought the platform. X 在青少年用户中下降幅度最大。只有 17% 的青少年表示他们使用 X，低于 2022 年埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 购买该平台的 23%。 Reddit usage remained the same at 14 percent. About 6 percent of teenagers said they use Threads, Meta’s answer to X that launched in 2023. Reddit 使用率保持不变，为 14%。大约 6% 的青少年表示他们使用 Threads，这是 Meta 对 2023 年推出的 X 的回应。 The report comes as countries around the world try to understand the effects of social media on young people’s well-being. 该报告发布之际，世界各国都在试图了解社交媒体对年轻人福祉的影响。Australia recently passed a law banning children under 16 from social networks. Still, it is unclear how the Australian government will be able to enforce the age limit. It is also unclear whether such a ban will come with unexpected or bad effects, such as isolating some children. 澳大利亚最近通过了一项法律，禁止 16 岁以下儿童使用社交网络。不过，目前尚不清楚澳大利亚政府将如何执行年龄限制。目前还不清楚这样的禁令是否会带来意想不到的或不良的影响，例如隔离一些儿童。 Meta’s messaging service WhatsApp was different in that it saw the number of teenage users increase to 23 percent from 17 percent in 2022. Meta 的消息服务 WhatsApp 的不同之处在于，它的青少年用户数量从 2022 年的 17% 增加到了 23%。 Pew also asked teenagers how often they use different online platforms. A small but notable number said they are on them “almost constantly.” For YouTube, 15 percent reported constant use, for TikTok, 16 percent, and for Snapchat, 13 percent. 皮尤还询问了青少年使用不同在线平台的频率。一小部分但值得注意的人表示，他们“几乎一直”使用它们。15% 的人表示经常使用 YouTube，16% 的人表示经常使用 TikTok，13% 的人表示经常使用 Snapchat。 As in previous public opinion studies, girls were more likely to use TikTok almost constantly while boys went to YouTube. There was no meaningful gender difference in the use of Snapchat, Instagram and Facebook. 与之前的民意研究一样，女孩更有可能经常使用 TikTok，而男孩则更倾向于使用 YouTube。Snapchat、Instagram 和 Facebook 的使用没有显着的性别差异。 Around 25 percent of Black and Hispanic teens said they visit TikTok almost constantly, compared with just 8 percent of white teenagers. 大约 25% 的黑人和西班牙裔青少年表示，他们几乎经常访问 TikTok，而白人青少年的这一比例仅为 8%。 The report was based on a public opinion study of 1,391 U.S. teenagers that ran from September 18 to October 10, 2024. 该报告基于 2024 年 9 月 18 日至 10 月 10 日对 1,391 名美国青少年进行的民意研究。 

Karagianni also told the AP she learned about the Florida-based organization over the internet while she was searching for information on a pony she had rescued. After learning about the group’s activities, she got the idea to start her own operation. 卡拉贾尼还告诉美联社，她在搜索有关她救出的一匹小马的信息时，通过互联网了解到了这个位于佛罗里达州的组织。在了解了该组织的活动后，她萌生了自己创办公司的想法。 “I was touched and I was moved, and I said: ‘OK, we have to bring this to Greece,’” Karagianni said. So, she decided to make changes to her land to be able to care for the horses. She said she turned her property into what she calls a “Magic Garden.” She has everything she needs to care for the horses. She also runs a small restaurant and party area. “我很感动，很感动，我说：‘好吧，我们必须把这个带到希腊，’”卡拉贾尼说。因此，她决定改变她的土地，以便能够照顾马匹。她说她把自己的财产变成了她所谓的“魔法花园”。她拥有照顾马匹所需的一切。她还经营一家小餐厅和派对区。Karagianni launched her Greek group in 2014. She said the organization has served about 12,000 children since it began until the pandemic led to restrictions in 2020. Karagianni 于 2014 年成立了她的希腊组织。她说，该组织自成立以来已为约 12,000 名儿童提供服务，直到 2020 年大流行导致限制。 The pandemic caused financial pressures and Karagianni herself faced a medical problem that hurt her ability to run the group. “I’m just starting to get myself back together again now,” she told the AP. “With a lot of financial difficulties. But what can I do? I’m trying.” 这场大流行造成了财务压力，卡拉贾尼本人也面临着健康问题，损害了她管理该集团的能力。“我现在才刚刚开始重新振作起来，”她告诉美联社。“有很多财务困难。但我能做什么呢？我想。” Karagianni said she had contacted businesses and non-profit groups about financial help but has not been successful. She plans to continue to seek help. “I’m making super-human efforts,” Karagianni said. “I’m doing what I can. But I can’t do it alone,” she added. 卡拉吉安尼说，她已经联系企业和非营利组织寻求经济帮助，但没有成功。她计划继续寻求帮助。“我正在做出超人的努力，”卡拉贾尼说。“我正在尽我所能。但我无法独自做到这一点，”她补充道。 Karagianni said she keeps going because she sees the great benefits the children and adults receive from the animals. 卡拉贾尼说，她之所以坚持下去，是因为她看到了儿童和成人从动物那里得到的巨大好处。At the special needs school, teacher Eleni Volikaki said she sees “incredible” reactions from the children. “It’s like something awakens their senses.” Volikaki noted the horses can often get students to make more progress than with other therapy methods. 在特殊需要学校，老师埃莱妮·沃利卡基 (Eleni Volikaki) 说，她看到孩子们的“难以置信”的反应。“就像有什么东西唤醒了他们的感官。” 沃利卡基指出，与其他治疗方法相比，马通常可以让学生取得更大的进步。“We saw things we didn’t expect,” she said. “We saw children with autism, or children who are generally afraid of animals, coming very close, letting the (horses) get close to them.” Volikaki added. “我们看到了意想不到的事情，”她说。“我们看到患有自闭症的孩子，或者一般害怕动物的孩子，非常靠近，让（马）靠近他们。” 沃利卡基补充道。 

A non-profit group in Greece uses small horses to provide pet therapy to sick and disabled people. But the organization is now considering its future after facing financial difficulties. 希腊的一个非营利组织使用小马为病人和残疾人提供宠物治疗。但在面临财务困难后，该组织现在正在考虑其未来。 The Associated Press (AP) recently met members of the group, called Gentle Carousel Greece. The animals are brought to hospitals and care centers to give joy to the sick or those suffering physical limitations. 美联社 (AP) 最近会见了名为“Gentle Carousel Greek”的组织的成员。这些动物被带到医院和护理中心，为病人或身体受到限制的人带来欢乐。The horses are bred as miniature animals and stand about 72 centimeters tall. They are specially trained to provide comfort to disabled children, sick people, or older adults. 这些马是作为微型动物饲养的，身高约 72 厘米。他们经过专门培训，可以为残疾儿童、病人或老年人提供安慰。 One of the horses was recently brought to a school outside Athens for children with special needs. At the school, nine-year-old Josifina Topa Mazuch seemed drawn to a small, gray horse. She ended up leading the animal down a school hallway. 其中一匹马最近被带到雅典郊外的一所为有特殊需要的儿童开设的学校。在学校，九岁的乔西菲娜·托帕·马祖赫似乎被一匹灰色的小马所吸引。她最终牵着这只动物穿过学校走廊。The horse, named Ivy, stood no taller than the girl’s pink wheelchair. “I really want them to come again,” Josifina told the AP about Ivy and another visiting horse, Calypso. “They made me feel really happy,” she added. 这匹名叫艾薇的马站起来的高度不及女孩的粉红色轮椅。“我真的希望他们再来一次，”乔西菲娜向美联社讲述艾维和另一匹来访的马卡吕普索的情况。“他们让我感到非常高兴，”她补充道。 Ivy and Calypso are two of nine miniature horses provided by the non-profit group. The organization is linked to an American group called Gentle Carousel Miniature Therapy Horses. The U.S. group is based in Ocala, Florida. Ivy 和 Calypso 是该非营利组织提供的九匹微型马中的两匹。该组织与一个名为“温柔旋转木马微型治疗马”的美国组织有联系。该美国集团总部位于佛罗里达州奥卡拉。 The organization said the horses complete at least two years of training. They are taught how to work in confined environments with children and adults with special health needs. Caregivers say the horses provide a form of pet therapy that offers valuable social interactions and new learning experiences. 该组织表示，这些马匹至少完成了两年的训练。他们被教导如何在有限的环境中与有特殊健康需求的儿童和成人一起工作。护理人员表示，马匹提供了一种宠物疗法，可以提供有价值的社交互动和新的学习体验。But the leader of the Greek organization says her group has been financially struggling in recent years. Gentle Carousel Greece is run by 68-year-old Mina Karagianni. She said she now performs most of the group’s duties herself. Karagianni also finances the group and cares for the nine miniature horses, mostly by herself. 但希腊组织的领导人表示，她的组织近年来一直陷入财务困境。Gentle Carousel Greek 由 68 岁的 Mina Karagianni 经营。她说她现在自己履行该小组的大部分职责。卡拉吉安尼还为该团体提供资金，并主要由她自己照顾九匹微型马。 

For many of us, sandwiches are something simple. Something we can take to work or school to avoid having to cook lunch, something we can buy quickly and cheaply. For many of us, we don't even need to stop working to eat them. Sandwiches could possibly be the ultimate convenience food. 对于我们许多人来说，三明治是很简单的事情。我们可以带去上班或上学，以避免做饭，我们可以快速而便宜地购买一些东西。对于我们许多人来说，我们甚至不需要停止工作就能吃它们。三明治可能是最终的方便食品。 But now it seems people are realising that the humble sandwich can be so much more. There's nothing convenient about waiting an hour and paying five times the price of a supermarket sarnie, but that's exactly what customers at one London sandwich shop have been doing. What is it that makes people so keen to get their hands on these £12 sandwiches? 但现在人们似乎开始意识到，不起眼的三明治可以有更多的用途。等待一个小时并支付超市三明治价格五倍的价格并不方便，但这正是伦敦一家三明治店的顾客一直在做的事情。是什么让人们如此热衷于购买这款 12 英镑的三明治？ Firstly, it's the ingredients. As baking has become more popular, good quality bread is both available and expected. The brains behind many of these gourmet sandwich shops are often people who have worked in the kitchens of top, Michelin-starred restaurants. This means that they bring a fine-dining attitude to their sandwiches, sourcing the best and freshest ingredients, combining them in new and creative ways. Secondly, it's the size. Max Halley, owner of a similar sandwich shop, boasts that the sandwiches his shop makes are twice the size of most burgers. 首先，它的成分。随着烘焙变得越来越流行，高品质的面包是可以买到的，也是人们所期待的。许多美味三明治店的幕后主脑往往是曾在顶级米其林星级餐厅厨房工作过的人。这意味着他们为三明治带来了精致的餐饮态度，采购最好、最新鲜的食材，并以新颖和创意的方式将它们组合起来。其次，是尺寸。马克斯·哈雷 (Max Halley) 是一家类似三明治店的老板，他自豪地说，他店里制作的三明治是大多数汉堡的两倍大。 Finally, having sandwiches that look both huge and delicious is perfect for social media. While they may be more expensive than supermarket sandwiches, they are far more accessible than many other dining options. Being enticing, affordable, and trendy is an almost guaranteed way to attract attention online and bring crowds to the shops' doors. That's what's leading some to spend most of their lunch hour queueing up for a bite. 最后，看起来又大又美味的三明治非常适合社交媒体。虽然它们可能比超市三明治更贵，但它们比许多其他餐饮选择更容易获得。诱人、实惠且时尚几乎是在网上吸引注意力并将人群带到商店门口的必然方式。这就是导致一些人将大部分午餐时间花在排队吃饭的原因。 And why not? They might be a bit too expensive to have every day, but taking time away from your desk to eat something that has been thoughtfully prepared from fresh, high-quality ingredients isn't a bad thing. It could be a good alternative to munching on industrially-produced supermarket sandwiches at your desk while staring at a spreadsheet. 为什么不呢？每天吃它们可能有点贵，但从办公桌前抽出时间来吃一些用新鲜、优质食材精心准备的东西并不是一件坏事。它可能是一个很好的选择，可以代替你在办公桌上一边盯着电子表格一边嚼着工业生产的超市三明治。 词汇表convenience food 方便食品humble 普通的convenient 方便的sarnie (英式英语)三明治keen 热衷的，渴望的get your hands on 得到ingredient 原料baking 烘焙expected 期待的gourmet 优质的Michelin-starred 拥有米其林星级的fine-dining 高级餐饮source 采购，从…获取combine 组合，结合boast 夸耀delicious 美味的accessible 容易得到的dining option 餐饮选择enticing 诱人的，有吸引力的trendy 时髦的thoughtfully 精心地

Have you ever dreamt of strolling along the streets of Venice, climbing the Eiffel Tower or flying above the Grand Canyon? It's much easier to take a virtual holiday now than ever before. Doesn't it sound adventurous – travelling to breathtaking destinations around the world while never leaving the comfort of your own home? 您是否曾梦想过漫步在威尼斯的街道、攀登埃菲尔铁塔或飞越大峡谷？现在享受虚拟假期比以往任何时候都容易得多。前往世界各地令人惊叹的目的地而不离开舒适的家，这听起来是不是很冒险？ Digital maps let you roam almost any location on the planet, meaning you can explore the night markets in Bangkok, hover over mountainous regions like the Himalayas or zoom in on tiny islands and imagine you're sunbathing and smelling the sea. Of course, you won't experience the weather and culture in exactly the same way, but at least it's an option. 数字地图让您可以漫游地球上几乎任何地方，这意味着您可以探索曼谷的夜市，盘旋在喜马拉雅山等山区，或者放大小岛屿，想象您正在享受日光浴，闻着大海的味道。当然，您不会以完全相同的方式体验天气和文化，但至少这是一种选择。 If you are a nature lover, it's possible to take an interactive virtual tour, with the option of virtual commentary, of a national park like Yellowstone in the USA. This area has a lot of volcanic activity, so you can watch geysers erupt, see sulphur lakes and virtually hike iconic trails. Their website is full of videos walking you to famous viewpoints like Dragon's Mouth Spring and the cascading waterfall at Upper Falls. And then there are oceanic adventures too. National Geographic offers virtual underwater experiences so you can dive with sharks and other marine life, see coral reefs come alive and explore sunken shipwrecks. 如果您是自然爱好者，可以参加美国黄石国家公园等国家公园的互动虚拟之旅，并可选择虚拟解说。该地区火山活动频繁，因此您可以观看间歇泉喷发、硫磺湖，甚至可以在标志性小径上徒步。他们的网站上有很多视频，带您前往著名的景点，如龙口泉和上瀑布的瀑布。还有海洋冒险。国家地理提供虚拟水下体验，因此您可以与鲨鱼和其他海洋生物一起潜水，观看珊瑚礁的活跃并探索沉没的沉船。 You can now tour many museums and landmarks virtually too, like The British Museum in London. You can explore more than 60 galleries where you'll see priceless artefacts from around the world, like the Rosetta Stone, and famous paintings and sculptures. The Taj Mahal is another place you can visit virtually and at a 360-degree angle, so you can scale heights that would be almost impossible if you were there in person. 您现在也可以虚拟地游览许多博物馆和地标建筑，例如伦敦的大英博物馆。您可以探索 60 多个画廊，在那里您会看到来自世界各地的无价文物，例如罗塞塔石碑以及著名的绘画和雕塑。泰姬陵是另一个您可以以 360 度角度虚拟参观的地方，因此您可以攀登如果您亲自前往的话几乎不可能到达的高度。 They say 'the world is your oyster'. So next time you get the travel bug, try a virtual escape. A shoestring budget is no problem – you can still explore the world, and you don't even need a passport. 他们说“世界是你的牡蛎”。因此，下次当您喜欢旅行时，请尝试虚拟逃脱。预算有限不是问题——您仍然可以探索世界，甚至不需要护照。 词汇表virtual holiday 虚拟假期，通过互联网或虚拟现实技术游玩景点adventurous 充满冒险精神的breathtaking destination 令人惊叹的目的地roam 漫步，闲逛night market 夜市interactive 互动式的commentary 现场解说national park 国家公园geyser 间歇泉sulphur lake 硫磺湖trail 徒步路线viewpoint 观景点tour 游览，参观landmark 地标the world is your oyster “世界是你的牡蛎”，比喻世界任人驰骋，人尽可随心所欲travel bug “旅行虫”，对旅行的强烈兴趣shoestring budget 非常有限的预算passport 护照

The number of private schools across Uganda has increased. The Associated Press (AP) reports that they are now a majority of the country’s schools. But some people with ties to education say placing importance on the profitability of education as a business is worrying. 乌干达各地私立学校的数量有所增加。据美联社 (AP) 报道，目前该国大部分学校都是这样的。但一些与教育相关的人士表示，重视教育作为一项业务的盈利能力令人担忧。 Fagil Mandy is a former inspector of schools. Mandy said there should be standardized rules to make school fees predictable for everyone. 法吉尔·曼迪 (Fagil Mandy) 是一名前学校督学。曼迪说，应该有标准化的规则，让每个人都能预测学费。 It is normal for both private and government-supported schools to request money for many projects. These can include buying a bus or purchasing laboratory equipment. 私立学校和政府支持的学校为许多项目索要资金是很正常的。这些可以包括购买公共汽车或购买实验室设备。Shalom Mirembe is a student who spoke to the AP. Her mother takes care of four children. Her father recently died. 沙洛姆·米伦贝 (Shalom Mirembe) 是一名接受美联社采访的学生。她的母亲照顾四个孩子。她的父亲最近去世了。 The school Mirembe attends near Kampala costs $300 per term. But her mother sends Mirembe to school without paying. She is depending on the mercy of officials. Mirembe 就读于坎帕拉附近的学校，每学期费用为 300 美元。但她的母亲没有付钱就送米伦贝去学校。她依赖官员的怜悯。But Joanita Seguya, a teacher at Wampewo Ntakke Secondary, said schools are taking measures to bar students from school if their parents do not pay. Seguya said of the school’s 2100 students, 400 are from families that struggle to pay fees. 但万佩沃·恩塔克中学 (Wampewo Ntakke secondary) 的老师乔安妮塔·塞古亚 (Joanita Seguya) 表示，学校正在采取措施，如果学生家长不付钱，学校将禁止学生上学。Seguya 说，学校 2100 名学生中，有 400 名来自难以支付学费的家庭。 Twenty-year-old Mirembe is taking her final exams this year. At one point, school officials were going to bar her from school because her mother had failed to pay the fees. But when school administrators found out that her father had died recently, they permitted her to return. Some of her teachers attended the funeral. 二十岁的米伦贝今年即将参加期末考试。有一次，学校官员打算禁止她上学，因为她的母亲没有缴纳学费。但当学校管理人员发现她父亲最近去世后，他们允许她返回。她的一些老师参加了葬礼。But other families are not so fortunate. 但其他家庭就没有这么幸运了。 Moses Serikomawa is jobless with seven children. He said paying $200 in school fees each term is too much when the family lacks food sometimes. But he added, “The children still want to go back to school.” 摩西·塞里科马瓦 (Moses Serikomawa) 失业，有七个孩子。他说，当家里有时缺乏食物时，每学期支付 200 美元的学费太多了。但他补充说，“孩子们仍然想回到学校。” 

The World Bank said last year that 54 percent of adults in Africa south of the Sahara Desert ranked the issue of paying school costs higher than medical or other costs. 世界银行去年表示，撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲 54% 的成年人认为支付学费问题比医疗或其他费用问题更重要。 The aid organization said school fees were the biggest financial worry for 40 percent of people in Uganda. In that country, a top government-supported school reportedly costs $700 for a three-month term. That is a lot of money in a country where yearly economic activity per person was $864 in 2023. 该援助组织表示，学费是 40% 的乌干达人最大的经济担忧。据报道，在那个国家，一所政府支持的顶级学校三个月的学费为 700 美元。对于一个 2023 年人均年经济活动为 864 美元的国家来说，这是一笔巨款。World Bank information shows that African countries in the area also have the highest rates of children out of school in the world. Parents in Uganda report unpredictable increases in the cost of attending school, or tuition, as a cause of tension. Some critics are calling for laws to protect parents from exploitation. 世界银行的信息显示，该地区的非洲国家儿童失学率也是世界上最高的。乌干达的家长们表示，上学费用或学费的不可预测的增加是造成紧张局势的原因之一。一些批评者呼吁制定法律来保护父母免受剥削。 The Equal Opportunities Commission is a government agency that reports on the issues of inequality and discrimination. It released a report in September that called for punishment against government-supported schools that demand fees that are too high. It warned that arbitrarily raising fees can force children to drop out of school. 平等机会委员会是一个报告不平等和歧视问题的政府机构。它在九月份发布了一份报告，呼吁对收费过高的政府支持学校进行惩罚。它警告说，任意提高学费可能会迫使儿童辍学。 The Uganda Bureau of Statistics says that children’s attendance in early grades is about 68 percent. But the percentage falls to 22 percent for secondary school. The main reason given is financial difficulty. 乌干达统计局称，儿童早期年级的出勤率约为 68%。但中学阶段这一比例下降至 22%。给出的主要原因是财务困难。 Uganda has a program of secondary education for all students. It was introduced in 2007. However, schools are not in good condition. The schools usually do not require tuition, but parents must pay for uniforms, textbooks and other costs. 乌干达为所有学生制定了中等教育计划。它于2007年推出。然而，学校状况不佳。学校通常不需要学费，但家长必须支付校服、课本和其他费用。Private schools are more popular but also more costly. Spokesperson for the Ministry of Education Dennis Mugimba said the government is not interested in making rules about prices. Mugimba said setting private school fees is “purely administrative and it is adjusted according to the business environment.” But he said costs linked to “capital development” should not be the responsibility of parents. 私立学校更受欢迎，但成本也更高。教育部发言人丹尼斯·穆金巴 (Dennis Mugimba) 表示，政府对制定价格规则不感兴趣。穆金巴表示，私立学校收费的设定“纯粹是行政性的，会根据商业环境进行调整”。但他表示，与“资本发展”相关的成本不应该由父母承担。 

Takosangba Pongen could see until he was 14 years old. He has been blind for the 13 years since. 塔科桑巴·蓬根直到14岁才恢复视力。此后他已经失明13年了。 But, nobody would know that by watching Pongen perform on the piano. 但是，没有人会通过观看 Pongen 的钢琴演奏来知道这一点。 Pongen said playing the piano helped him after he lost his sight. “It opened a window to see the world. It gives me energy and hope to go forward,” he said. 庞根说，在他失明后，弹钢琴对他有帮助。“它打开了一扇观察世界的窗户。它给了我前进的能量和希望。”他说。 Recently, he performed at the Brillante Piano Festival in Bengaluru, the capital of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. 最近，他在印度南部卡纳塔克邦首府班加罗尔举行的布里兰特钢琴节上演出。Pongen plays by ear. He taught himself to play, assisted by piano play training on YouTube that he began using in 2020. He said he would like to be a professional musician someday. 庞根见机行事。他在 2020 年开始使用的 YouTube 上的钢琴演奏训练的帮助下自学弹奏。他说他希望有一天成为一名专业音乐家。 But he is having difficulty finding a place that teaches piano to people with sight, or vision, problems. 但他很难找到一个向有视力或视力问题的人教钢琴的地方。Pongen first noticed his vision problems at school. He could not see clearly enough to read words on the blackboard in the room. 庞根第一次注意到他的视力问题是在学校。他看不清房间黑板上的字。 Then he remembers having difficulty seeing the small, glass balls called marbles that he liked to play with. 然后他记得很难看到他喜欢玩的称为弹珠的小玻璃球。 A medical operation to treat the problem failed, worsening his vision. By 14, Pongen was blind. 治疗这个问题的医疗手术失败了，他的视力恶化了。14岁时，庞恩双目失明。Pongen says that he sometimes wishes he could see but adds that he also accepts his condition as “God’s plan.” He believes he is meant to serve as a model in how to face difficulty, lending support to others through example.庞根说，他有时希望自己能看见，但他补充说，他也接受自己的状况是“上帝的计划”。他相信自己应该成为如何面对困难的榜样，通过榜样为他人提供支持。 "If a blind man can do it, why can’t others who are fully able,” Pongen said.“如果一个盲人能做到，为什么其他完全有能力的人就不能做到呢？”庞根说。Brillante organizers said they believe in the “power of music as an agent of social development.” Pongen is a part of their “Specially Abled Musicians” program. Brillante 的组织者表示，他们相信“音乐作为社会发展推动者的力量”。Pongen 是他们“特殊能力音乐家”计划的一部分。 He played Nocturne in B Flat Minor, a work written by Frederic Chopin. Pongen said Chopin is one of his favorite writers of music. 他演奏了弗雷德里克·肖邦创作的降B小调夜曲。庞根说肖邦是他最喜欢的音乐作家之一。 “I love music that is expressive and emotional,” he said. “我喜欢富有表现力和情感的音乐，”他说。 Pongen came more than 3,000 kilometers to Bengaluru. He traveled with his sister, Imlibenla, by his side to play at Brillante Festival, the fifth of its kind. His heart was racing, he said, when the program director, Khyochano TCK, presented him to the other musicians. 庞根（Pongen）经过3000多公里来到班加罗尔。他与妹妹伊姆利本拉 (Imlibenla) 一起前往第五届布里兰特音乐节 (Brillante Festival) 演出。他说，当节目总监 Khyochano TCK 将他介绍给其他音乐家时，他的心跳加速。The nervousness returned as his performance time arrived. Pongen said he took a deep breath to calm himself. 当他的表演时间到来时，紧张感又回来了。庞根说，他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。 Then, Imlibenla gently guided him onto the stage. She helped to seat him in front of the piano. 然后，伊姆利本拉轻轻地引导他走上舞台。她帮他坐在钢琴前。 From there, he played beautifully. 从那时起，他打得非常漂亮。 

A Japanese artist who creates detailed designs on fallen leaves says the process gives the leaves new life and also helps keep him healthy. 一位在落叶上进行详细设计的日本艺术家表示，这一过程赋予了树叶新的生命，也有助于保持他的健康。 The artist goes by the name Lito. He did not want to share his full name for personal reasons. Lito likes to cut, or carve, many different leaf designs. Examples of his work include a frog holding an umbrella, animals jumping happily, Japan’s famous Mount Fuji and ocean waves. 这位艺术家的名字叫 Lito。出于个人原因，他不想透露自己的全名。利托喜欢切割或雕刻许多不同的叶子图案。他的作品包括撑伞的青蛙、快乐跳跃的动物、日本著名的富士山和海浪。Lito began making his leaf art in 2020. Now, he has many fans around the world who discovered his designs on social media. Lito 于 2020 年开始创作叶子艺术。现在，他在世界各地拥有许多粉丝，他们在社交媒体上发现了他的设计。 He recently told reporters from The Associated Press that his work also gives him peaceful feelings to help deal with a health issue. The condition Lito struggles with is called attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. People with ADHD can experience difficulties such as mental focus, directing attention and organizing and controlling urges. 他最近告诉美联社记者，他的工作也给他带来平静的感觉，有助于解决健康问题。利托所患的病症被称为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。患有多动症的人可能会遇到精神集中、注意力集中、组织和控制冲动等困难。The 38-year-old Lito said that in addition to helping him deal with his own issues, he hopes his art can give other people enjoyment as well. 38岁的利托表示，除了帮助自己处理自己的问题外，他希望自己的艺术也能给别人带来享受。 Lito likes working at night. In a demonstration of his process, he showed that he first treats several leaves with a chemical to keep them from drying out. Then, he chooses the one he wants to work on and places it on a cutting surface. 利托喜欢在晚上工作。在演示他的过程时，他首先用化学物质处理几片叶子，以防止它们变干。然后，他选择他想要加工的一个并将其放在切割表面上。 He begins by making a design on the leaf with a pen. He then uses a special design knife to cut the leaf. As he works slowly and carefully, one leaf begins to take the shape of a frog carrying an umbrella. 他首先用笔在叶子上进行设计。然后他用一把特殊设计的刀来切割叶子。当他缓慢而小心地工作时，其中一片叶子开始呈现出一只撑着雨伞的青蛙的形状。Some of Lito’s more complex creations on a single leaf can take more than eight hours to complete. He said he likes to finish a leaf in one sitting. His leaf-cutting works include titles such as Scrolls of Frolicking Animals, Leaf Aquarium, and Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji: The Great Wave off Kanagawa. He often uses animals as his subject and each piece includes some of hisown personal elements. 利托在一片叶子上创作的一些更复杂的作品可能需要八个多小时才能完成。他说他喜欢一次吃完一片叶子。他的切叶作品包括《动物嬉戏图卷》、《叶子水族馆》和《富士三十六景：神奈川冲浪里》等。他经常以动物为题材，每件作品都包含一些他自己的个人元素。Since his childhood, Lito says he has had high levels of concentration and patience. But no matter how hard he tried, he felt he could not meet expectations of behavior at school and work. He also struggled to understand others' feelings and to avoid conflict. 利托说，自童年起，他就拥有高度的专注力和耐心。但无论他如何努力，他都觉得自己无法达到学校和工作中行为的期望。他还努力理解他人的感受并避免冲突。After years of difficulty, he went to a hospital at age 30 and was told he has ADHD, a diagnosis he felt explained why he has always done things differently. 经过多年的困难后，他在 30 岁时去了一家医院，被告知自己患有多动症，他认为这一诊断解释了为什么他总是以不同的方式做事。 Lito said he saw no reason to force himself to do things the same way as other people. So, he decided to change his way of living. 利托说，他认为没有理由强迫自己像其他人一样做事。于是，他决定改变自己的生活方式。 In early 2020, Lito learned about the art of leaf cutting. He saw it as the perfect use of his patience and concentration. 2020 年初，Lito 学习了剪叶艺术。他认为这是对他的耐心和专注的完美运用。Word of his skill has spread far across social media, and he has published books on his leaf-cutting work. And almost every month, he holds a showing of his art in different places in Japan. 他的技艺在社交媒体上广为传播，他还出版了有关他的剪叶作品的书籍。几乎每个月，他都会在日本不同的地方举办自己的艺术展。 "If I can make people happy by doing what I am doing, I want to do more. That's my driving force for what's next," Lito said. “如果我能通过做我正在做的事情让人们快乐，我想做更多。这是我下一步的动力，”利托说。

The slender-billed curlew is a shorebird. It breeds in Western Siberia before migrating to the Mediterranean in winter. But there's not been a confirmed sighting since February 1995, when it was spotted in Morocco.细嘴杓鹬是一种滨鸟。这种鸟在西伯利亚西部繁殖，然后迁徙到地中海过冬。但自从 1995 年 2 月在摩洛哥被观察到以来，再也没有对细嘴杓鹬的确认目击报告。Extensive efforts across decades to find evidence of the bird in its breeding and non-breeding ranges have all proved unsuccessful. Its disappearance is a stark warning of the need to tackle the loss and degradation of inland grassland and wetland.几十年来，大量试图在它们的繁殖和非繁殖活动区域内寻找细嘴杓鹬踪迹的努力都以失败告终。细嘴杓鹬的消失对我们是一个严厉的警告，我们必须设法对内陆湿地和草原的退化和消失采取应对措施。词汇表shorebird 滨鸟，生活在海滨的鸟类migrating 迁徙confirmed sighting （对某个生物的）确认目击extensive 大量的，广泛的evidence 证据，踪迹breeding 繁殖ranges 范围，区域proved unsuccessful （某事）以失败告终stark warning 严厉的警告degradation 退化，劣化grassland 草原wetland 湿地

Apple notes that RCS messages “aren’t end-to-end encrypted, which means they’re not protected from a third party reading them while they’re sent between devices.” 苹果指出，RCS 消息“没有进行端到端加密，这意味着它们在设备之间发送时无法防止第三方读取它们。” Samsung, which sells Android smartphones, also indirectly described the issue in a small area at the bottom of a press release last month. Samsung said about RCS, “Encryption only available for Android-to-Android communication.” 销售Android智能手机的三星也在上个月的一份新闻稿底部的一小块区域间接描述了这个问题。三星在谈到 RCS 时表示，“加密仅适用于 Android 到 Android 的通信。”To avoid getting caught out when exchanging texts, experts recommend using encrypted messaging apps. 为了避免在交换文本时被抓住，专家建议使用加密的消息应用程序。Privacy supporters are big fans of Signal, which uses end-to-end encryption on all messages and voice calls. Signal is an app that is run by an independent nonprofit group based in Mountainview, California. It promises never to sell customer data. The group has also made its source code publicly available so that it can be examined by anyone “for security and correctness.” 隐私支持者是 Signal 的忠实粉丝，它对所有消息和语音通话使用端到端加密。Signal 是一款由位于加利福尼亚州山景城的独立非营利组织运营的应用程序。它承诺永远不会出售客户数据。该组织还公开了其源代码，以便任何人都可以检查“安全性和正确性”。 Signal’s encryption method is so respected that it has been included into competitor WhatsApp. Signal 的加密方法如此受人推崇，以至于它已被纳入竞争对手 WhatsApp 中。 End-to-end encryption is also the normal mode for Facebook Messenger, which like WhatsApp is owned by Meta Platforms. 端到端加密也是 Facebook Messenger 的正常模式，与 WhatsApp 一样，Facebook Messenger 也属于 Meta Platforms。Telegram is an app that can be used for one-on-one discussions, group chats and broadcast “channels.” But Telegram does not use end-to-end encryption normally. Users have to turn on end-to-end encryption. And Telegram’s end-to-end encryption does not work with group chats.Telegram 是一款可用于一对一讨论、群聊和广播“频道”的应用程序。但 Telegram 通常不使用端到端加密。用户必须打开端到端加密。而且 Telegram 的端到端加密不适用于群聊。 Cybersecurity experts have warned people against using Telegram for private communications. 网络安全专家警告人们不要使用 Telegram 进行私人通信。Instead of using your phone to make calls through a wireless cellular network, you can make voice calls with Signal and WhatsApp. Both apps encrypt calls with the same technology that they use to encrypt messages. 您可以使用 Signal 和 WhatsApp 拨打语音电话，而不是使用手机通过无线蜂窝网络拨打电话。这两个应用程序都使用与加密消息相同的技术来加密通话。 There are other choices. If you have an iPhone, you can use Facetime for calls, while Android owners can use the Google Fi service. Both are end-to-end encrypted. 还有其他选择。如果您有 iPhone，则可以使用 Facetime 进行通话，而 Android 用户则可以使用 Google Fi 服务。两者都是端到端加密的。However, with all these choices, the person on the other end will also have to have the app. 然而，有了所有这些选择，另一端的人也必须拥有该应用程序。WhatsApp and Signal users can choose the privacy setting they want in the settings. Such choices include hiding an IP address during calls to prevent your general location from being guessed. WhatsApp 和 Signal 用户可以在设置中选择他们想要的隐私设置。此类选择包括在通话期间隐藏 IP 地址，以防止您的大致位置被猜测。 

U.S. cybersecurity officials are advising people to use encryption in their communications after a major hacking campaign. 在一次重大黑客活动之后，美国网络安全官员建议人们在通信中使用加密技术。 Federal officials released a list of security suggestions for U.S. telecommunications companies that were targeted. 联邦官员发布了针对受攻击的美国电信公司的安全建议清单。 The advice includes one suggestion that everyone can use: “Ensure that traffic is end-to-end encrypted to the maximum extent possible.” 该建议包括一项每个人都可以使用的建议：“确保流量在最大程度上进行端到端加密。” End-to-end encryption, also known as E2EE, means that messages are protected so that only the sender and receiver can see them. If anyone else gets the message, all they will see is disordered information that cannot be understood without the key. 端到端加密，也称为 E2EE，意味着消息受到保护，只有发送者和接收者才能看到它们。如果其他人收到该消息，他们将看到的只是无序的信息，没有密钥就无法理解。Law enforcement officials had until now resisted encryption. This resistance is because the encryption means the technology companies themselves will not be able to look at the messages. In addition, the companies will not be able to respond to law enforcement requests to turn the data over. 迄今为止，执法官员一直抵制加密。这种阻力是因为加密意味着科技公司本身将无法查看这些消息。此外，这些公司将无法响应执法部门移交数据的要求。 The Associated Press (AP) recently offered some ways that normal people can use for end-to-end encryption : 美联社 (AP) 最近提供了一些普通人可以使用的端到端加密方法：Officials said the hackers targeted the metadata of a large number of people. That included information on the dates, times and recipients of calls and texts. The hackers also got to see the information from texts from a much smaller number of people. 官员们表示，黑客的目标是大量人员的元数据。其中包括有关电话和短信的日期、时间以及收件人的信息。黑客还从一小部分人的短信中看到了信息。 If you are an iPhone user, information in text messages that you send to someone else who also has an iPhone will be encrypted end-to-end. Look for the blue text bubbles which mean that the messages are encrypted iMessages. 如果您是 iPhone 用户，则您发送给也拥有 iPhone 的其他人的短信中的信息将被端到端加密。查找蓝色文本气泡，这意味着该消息是加密的 iMessage。 The same goes for Android users sending texts through Google Messages. There will be a lock next to the timestamp on each message to show that the encryption is on. Android 用户通过 Google Messages 发送短信也是如此。每条消息的时间戳旁边都会有一个锁，以表明加密已开启。 But there is a weakness. When iPhone and Android users text each other, the messages are encrypted only using Rich Communication Services (RCS). That is a common method for messaging that has replaced the older SMS and MMS methods. 但有一个弱点。当 iPhone 和 Android 用户互相发短信时，消息仅使用丰富通信服务 (RCS) 进行加密。这是一种常见的消息传递方法，已取代旧的 SMS 和 MMS 方法。 

For people in parts of the world with seasons — especially cold ones — winter might seem like a time to rest and to take a break from garden work. 对于世界上有季节的地区的人们来说，尤其是寒冷的季节，冬天似乎是休息和从园艺工作中休息一下的时间。 But it is not, says Associated Press gardening expert Jessica Damiano. 但事实并非如此，美联社园艺专家杰西卡·达米亚诺说。 Autumn and winter are the best times to attend to your garden’s needs and prepare for the next growing season. There is much to do for both outdoor and indoor plants.秋季和冬季是满足花园需求并为下一个生长季节做好准备的最佳时机。室外和室内植物都有很多事情要做。For people who want flowers like tulips in the early spring plant the bulbs that produce them if your soil is not frozen. If you can still dig, plant tulips, daffodils and other bulbs. 对于那些想要在早春开花的人来说，如果你的土壤没有结冰的话，可以种植郁金香等花朵的球茎。如果你还能挖土，就种植郁金香、水仙花和其他球茎植物。 Cover them with about eight centimeters of mulch, leaves or dried grass. This will prevent freezing and melting temperatures from forcing them out of the ground over the winter. 用大约八厘米厚的覆盖物、树叶或干草覆盖它们。这将防止冰冻和融化的温度迫使它们在冬天离开地面。 During winter months, even in more temperate areas, some plants need protection from the cold. These include some fruit trees, like citrus, dahlias and many plants that bloom in the spring. In winter conditions, a cloth cover called burlap can help limit the damaging effects of wind. 在冬季，即使在较温和的地区，一些植物也需要防寒。其中包括一些果树，如柑橘、大丽花和许多在春天开花的植物。在冬季，一种称为粗麻布的布盖可以帮助限制风的破坏性影响。 If snow builds up on the branches of evergreen trees and shrubs, remove it. The heavy weight can damage branches. 如果常绿树木和灌木的树枝上积雪，请将其清除。重物会损坏树枝。Keep a record of plants you mean to move from one place to another in your garden. The notes will guide you in early spring: a time that is best to move plants that bloom early in the season. 记录下您想要从花园中的一个地方移到另一个地方的植物。这些注释将在早春为您提供指导：这是最好移动早开花植物的时间。 if you have extra seeds, consider trading them with gardening friends or at a gardening event. Store and organize seeds for the future in glass containers in cool places without light. Make sure to write down what they are and when they were collected. 如果您有多余的种子，请考虑与园艺朋友或在园艺活动中交换它们。将种子储存和整理在玻璃容器中，存放在阴凉、无光的地方。请务必写下它们是什么以及收集时间。 If insects or diseases were a problem during the growing season, use winter months to read about companion plants that can ease the problem in the coming year. 如果昆虫或疾病在生长季节成为问题，请利用冬季阅读有关可以在来年缓解问题的伴生植物。The cold winter months also affect houseplants. Bring houseplants near a south-facing or west-facing window to get the most sunlight possible. Turn the houseplants about one fourth of a turn each time you water them. This will support more even growth. 寒冷的冬季也会影响室内植物。将室内植物放在朝南或朝西的窗户附近，以获得尽可能多的阳光。每次浇水时，将室内植物转动约四分之一圈。这将支持更均匀的增长。 If you are buying poinsettias for the holidays, be sure to examine them for whiteflies before bringing them home. If you do not, you could bring home insects. 如果您在假期购买一品红，请务必在带回家之前检查它们是否有粉虱。如果你不这样做，你可能会把昆虫带回家。 If you plant Amaryllis bulbs indoors now, they will bloom during the coldest months of the winter. Plant them with their pointed ends reaching out of the potting soil and place them in a warm, sunny spot, watering them well. 如果你现在在室内种植孤挺花球茎，它们会在冬天最冷的几个月里开花。将它们的尖端伸出盆栽土壤中，然后将它们放在温暖、阳光充足的地方，并充分浇水。 After they bloom, keep them in a cooler place to extend the life of their flowers but keep them away from children and pets. Amaryllis bulbs are poisonous to eat. 开花后，将它们放在阴凉的地方，以延长花朵的寿命，但要远离儿童和宠物。孤挺花球茎食用有毒。Damiano also advises to remember that non-migrating birds need food because most of their food sources are gone during the winter months. High quality birdseed and water can help. 达米亚诺还建议记住，非迁徙鸟类需要食物，因为它们的大部分食物来源在冬季都会消失。高品质的鸟食和水可以提供帮助。 These same birds will repay the effort by feeding on thousands of insects that threaten your garden during the warm growing season. 这些鸟儿会在温暖的生长季节以数千种威胁您花园的昆虫为食来回报您的努力。 

Haqdoost is happy with how easily and quickly things are getting done under the new administration. Haqdoost 对新政府领导下的工作进展顺利且迅速感到满意。 “House prices have risen by almost 40 percent,” he said. “In the last three years, we have sold almost 400 properties. It wasn’t like that before.”“房价上涨了近 40%，”他说。“在过去的三年里，我们已经出售了近 400 处房产。以前不是这样的。”Business is good for Haqdoost. He employs 1200 workers, including women who only deal with female buyers. Haqdoost 的生意很好。他雇佣了 1200 名员工，其中包括只与女性买家打交道的女性。 Haqdoost said most purchasers bring their wives along because women often make decisions when it comes to real estate purchases — even in a nation that critics say oppresses women. “They decide whether to buy the house or not,” he said. 哈克杜斯特表示，大多数购房者都会带着妻子一起去，因为在购买房地产时，女性往往会做出决定——即使在一个批评者认为压迫女性的国家也是如此。“他们决定是否买房子，”他说。 Afghans often host visiting friends or family in their homes. So wealthy buyers want houses with a garden, gym, swimming pool, rooms for visitors and at least one kitchen. 阿富汗人经常在家中接待来访的朋友或家人。因此，富有的买家希望房屋带有花园、健身房、游泳池、访客房间和至少一个厨房。Since most of Haqdoost’s buyers are from overseas, their tastes are influencing the homes. They want houses with central heating, double-pane windows and elevators, and things like dining tables and beds. 由于 Haqdoost 的大多数买家来自海外，他们的品味正在影响着房屋。他们想要有中央供暖系统、双层玻璃窗、电梯以及餐桌和床之类的东西的房子。Kabul’s population was around 500,000 in the year 2000. Now it is more than 5 million. To make Kabul more livable, city officials are busy building and repairing roads, putting in streetlights, planting trees and removing trash. They are also developing plans for less costly housing and increased home ownership. 2000年，喀布尔人口约为50万。现在已超过500万。为了让喀布尔变得更加宜居，市政府官员正忙于修建和维修道路、安装路灯、植树和清除垃圾。他们还正在制定降低住房成本和增加住房拥有率的计划。 Just outside of Kabul, Arash Asad is trying to sell his uncle’s property, which sits on around 4,000 square meters of land. He wants to sell the property for $800,000. 就在喀布尔郊外，阿拉什·阿萨德 (Arash Asad) 正试图出售他叔叔的房产，该房产占地约 4,000 平方米。他想以 80 万美元的价格出售该房产。“People think this country has no jobs and no economy,” Asad said. “But Afghans have made their money, illegally or legally, over the years. You wouldn’t believe it.” “人们认为这个国家没有就业机会，也没有经济，”阿萨德说。“但多年来，阿富汗人通过非法或合法方式赚钱了。你不会相信的。”

The capital city of Kabul, Afghanistan, has seen big changes in its high-end housing market. Peace, it seems, is driving up property prices. 阿富汗首都喀布尔的高端住宅市场发生了巨大变化。和平似乎正在推高房地产价格。 Omidullah, a real estate agent, is selling a white-and-gold house with nine bedrooms and nine bathrooms in the Afghan capital. The house is on the market for $450,000, a surprising number in a country where more than half of the population depends on humanitarian aid to survive. 房地产经纪人奥米杜拉正在阿富汗首都出售一栋拥有九间卧室和九间浴室的白色和金色房屋。这所房子的市场售价为 45 万美元，对于一个一半以上人口依靠人道主义援助生存的国家来说，这个数字令人惊讶。 Most Afghans do not have bank accounts. And it is rare to borrow money from banks to buy property. Yet the offers are coming in.大多数阿富汗人没有银行账户。从银行借钱购买房产的情况也很少见。然而优惠仍在到来。 “It’s a myth that Afghans don’t have money,” Omidullah said. “We have very big businessmen who have big businesses abroad. There are houses here worth millions of dollars.” “阿富汗人没有钱是一个神话，”奥米杜拉说。“我们有非常大的商人，他们在国外拥有大生意。这里的房子价值数百万美元。”People who spent years living and working abroad are returning home. They are drawn by the country’s much-improved security and stability after years of war and destruction. Those returning include Afghans escaping deportation campaigns in Iran and Pakistan. 在国外生活和工作多年的人们正在回国。他们被该国在经历多年战争和破坏后大大改善的安全和稳定所吸引。返回的人包括逃离伊朗和巴基斯坦驱逐行动的阿富汗人。 Banks rarely have enough money for lending. So, Afghans buy properties with their own money or employ what is called “geerawi.” It is when someone provides a fixed amount to a property owner in return for living in his place. And the person stays until the property owner returns the money. 银行很少有足够的资金来放贷。因此，阿富汗人用自己的钱购买房产或雇用所谓的“geerawi”。这是指有人向业主提供固定金额，以换取在他的地方居住。这个人会一直留下来，直到业主归还钱为止。 Before the Taliban takeover, people were afraid to invest in Kabul, said another real estate agent, Ghulam Mohammed Haqdoost. 另一位房地产经纪人古拉姆·穆罕默德·哈克杜斯特 (Ghulam Mohammed Haqdoost) 表示，在塔利班接管之前，人们不敢在喀布尔投资。But the Taliban have created better conditions for the property market. The city is less violent since the Taliban changed from an insurgency to a government. Foreign forces left the country, although armored vehicles, checkpoints and military buildings remain common sights. 但塔利班为房地产市场创造了更好的条件。自从塔利班从叛乱分子转变为政府以来，这座城市的暴力事件有所减少。尽管装甲车、检查站和军事建筑仍然常见，但外国军队已撤离该国。The Taliban have promised to end corruption and establish order. That means no more dealing with militia chiefs or paying officials for land purchases or building projects. 塔利班承诺结束腐败并建立秩序。这意味着不再需要与民兵首领打交道，也不再需要向官员支付土地购买或建筑项目的费用。

James Chatters is a professor of Earth, Environment and Society at Canada’s McMaster University. He helped lead the research. Chatters said in a statement that centering on mammoths “helps explain how Clovis people could spread throughout North America and into South America in just a few hundred years.” 詹姆斯·查特斯 (James Chatters) 是加拿大麦克马斯特大学地球、环境与社会教授。他帮助领导了这项研究。查特斯在一份声明中表示，以猛犸象为中心“有助于解释克洛维斯人如何在短短几百年内传播到整个北美并进入南美洲。” The scientists estimated the woman mostly ate meat from a group of animals called megafauna, the largest creatures that existed at the time. The study showed megafauna made up about 96 percent of her diet, with mammoth accounting for about 40 percent of the total. 科学家估计，这名妇女主要吃的是一种叫做巨型动物的动物的肉，这是当时存在的最大的生物。研究显示，巨型动物约占她饮食的 96%，其中猛犸象约占总量的 40%。 Chatters said one mammoth could support “a dependent community of children, care-giving women, and less mobile elders for days or even weeks while the hunters sought their next kill." Mammoths stood to about four meters tall at the shoulder and weighed as much as 11 tons.查特斯说，一头猛犸象可以支撑“一个由儿童、照顾妇女和行动不便的老人组成的依赖社区数天甚至数周，而猎人则寻找下一次猎物。”猛犸象的肩高约四米，体重也同样重。为11吨。 Chatters said the Clovis people were known to be highly skilled hunters with a 10,000-year history of hunting megafauna over wide areas of territory. He added that the great dependence of the Clovis on megafauna likely led to the pressures that later caused the extinction of large ice age animals. 查特斯说，克洛维斯人以狩猎技术高超而闻名，拥有一万年在大片领土上捕猎巨型动物的历史。他补充说，克洛维斯人对巨型动物的高度依赖可能导致了后来导致大型冰河时期动物灭绝的压力。 Chatters noted the latest finding supports past studies that provided "indirect evidence” that Clovis people mainly depended on mammoths and other large animals for food. This evidence included examinations of different artifacts – such as stone tools or the ancient remains of large animals, he said. 查特斯指出，最新发现支持了过去的研究，这些研究提供了克洛维斯人主要依赖猛犸象和其他大型动物作为食物的“间接证据”。他说，这些证据包括对不同文物的检查，例如石器或大型动物的古代遗骸。。 Ben Potter was also a co-writer of the study. He is an archeologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Potter told Reuters, "These results also help us understand megafauna extinctions at the end of the last Ice Age.” He added the findings suggest that humans may have played a more important part in the extinctions than is sometimes thought. 本·波特也是该研究的合著者。他是阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校的考古学家。波特告诉路透社，“这些结果也有助于我们了解上一个冰河时代末期巨型动物的灭绝情况。” 他补充说，研究结果表明，人类在物种灭绝中所扮演的角色可能比有时想象的更重要。 

A new study finds that the first humans to live in North America depended heavily on mammoths and other large animals for food. 一项新的研究发现，最早生活在北美的人类严重依赖猛犸象和其他大型动物作为食物。 The finding is based on examinations of the diet of a woman who lived about 13,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. She belonged to a culture called the Clovis. They were among the first Native Americans to arrive on the continent. 这一发现是基于对一位生活在大约 13,000 年前最后一个冰河时期的女性的饮食检查得出的。她属于一种叫做克洛维斯的文化。他们是第一批到达非洲大陆的美洲原住民之一。 The woman was still breast-feeding her 18-month-old son when he died. The boy’s remains were discovered back in 1968 in an ancient burial ground in the western U.S. state of Montana. Scientists examined his bones to learn more about his mother’s diet. 当她18个月大的儿子去世时，这名妇女仍在哺乳。1968 年，男孩的遗体在美国西部蒙大拿州的一个古老墓地中被发现。科学家们检查了他的骨头，以更多地了解他母亲的饮食。 They found that the woman ate mostly meat from mammoths and other very large animals. The finding supports scientific theories that Clovis people specialized in hunting large animals instead of seeking plants or small animals to eat. 他们发现该女子主要吃猛犸象和其他大型动物的肉。这一发现支持了克洛维斯人专门狩猎大型动物而不是寻找植物或小动物作为食物的科学理论。 At the time the Clovis people lived, large animals like mammoths lived in areas covering the Americas, as well as parts of northern Asia. The researchers noted that mammoths traveled very long distances during this period. This made them a target for migrating humans seeking protein-rich foods to eat. 在克洛维斯人生活的时代，猛犸象等大型动物生活在美洲以及北亚部分地区。研究人员指出，猛犸象在此期间迁移了很长的距离。这使它们成为寻求富含蛋白质食物的迁徙人类的目标。 The team examined isotope data collected from the boy’s bones to estimate the Clovis woman’s dietary intake. An isotope is a kind of atom that has a different atomic weight than similar atoms, but the same chemical structure. The isotope experiments centered on the elements carbon and nitrogen. 研究小组检查了从男孩骨骼中收集的同位素数据，以估计克洛维斯妇女的饮食摄入量。同位素是一种原子量与相似原子不同但化学结构相同的原子。同位素实验以碳和氮元素为中心。 Mat Wooller is a professor and director of the Alaska Stable Isotope center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. He was a co-writer of the study describing the research in the publication Science Advances. 马特·伍勒 (Mat Wooller) 是阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校阿拉斯加稳定同位素中心的教授兼主任。他是该研究的合著者，该研究在《科学进展》杂志上描述了该研究。 Wooller told Reuters news agency isotope examinations can provide “a chemical fingerprint” of parts of an ancient human’s diet. "We are all made of elements, like carbon and nitrogen, and so is our food," he said.伍勒告诉路透社，同位素检查可以提供古代人类饮食部分的“化学指纹”。“我们都是由碳和氮等元素组成的，我们的食物也是如此，”他说。 

“If you set a priority for yourself ... you can make the time,” Deleveaux said. “如果你为自己设定优先事项……你就能腾出时间，”德莱沃说。 With one breathing exercise, she breaths in through one nostril and then out through the other. She uses a thumb or forefinger to hold one nostril closed at a time. 在一次呼吸练习中，她通过一个鼻孔吸气，然后通过另一个鼻孔呼气。她用拇指或食指一次闭合一个鼻孔。 “It relaxes my mind. It makes my mind so full of ease. It brings you back to the present moment,” she added. “它让我的心情放松。这让我的心里充满了轻松。它会让你回到当下，”她补充道。 To get ahead of anxiety before starting her workday, sales representative Lindsay Carlisle of Michigan does breathing exercises with her seven-year-old daughter during their drive to school. They breathe in for seven counts, hold their breath for five, and then breathe out for seven counts. They repeat this several times. 为了在开始工作日之前消除焦虑，密歇根州的销售代表 Lindsay Carlisle 在开车去学校的路上与她 7 岁的女儿一起进行呼吸练习。他们吸气数七下，屏住呼吸五下，然后呼气七下。他们重复了几次。 “Throughout that process, my shoulders start to drop on their own, and it really is calming,” Carlisle said. “在整个过程中，我的肩膀开始自行下垂，这真的很平静，”卡莱尔说。Suze Yalof Schwartz was an overworked magazine editor when her mother-in-law taught her a three-minute meditation method. 苏兹·亚洛夫·施瓦茨 (Suze Yalof Schwartz) 是一名过度劳累的杂志编辑，她的婆婆教她三分钟冥想方法。 Yalof Schwartz says it changed her life. She left her career and founded Unplug Meditation, a Santa Monica, California, company with a meditation studio, an app, and programs for corporate customers. 亚洛夫·施瓦茨说这改变了她的生活。她放弃了自己的职业生涯，创立了 Unplug Meditation，这是一家位于加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡的公司，拥有冥想工作室、应用程序和面向企业客户的项目。 “When we slow down our breath, we send a signal to our brain that everything’s OK, even when it’s not,” she said.“当我们放慢呼吸时，我们会向大脑发出一个信号，表明一切都很好，即使情况并非如此，”她说。 Another 16-second breathing exercise is called box breathing. You breathe in for four counts, hold for four, breathe out for four counts and hold for another four. Yalof Schwartz has taught it to people in stressful jobs including firefighters, police and doctors.另一种 16 秒呼吸练习称为箱式呼吸。吸气数四下，屏住四下，呼气四下，再屏住四下。亚洛夫·施瓦茨（Yalof Schwartz）向消防员、警察和医生等从事高压力工作的人传授了这一方法。 “It is the best thing that you can do at work before you have a meeting, before you send out an email that you wish you didn’t send, before you have a difficult conversation, because it just calms you down, gets rid of your negative energy,” she said. “这是你在工作中可以做的最好的事情，在你开会之前，在你发送一封你希望没有发送的电子邮件之前，在你进行一场艰难的谈话之前，因为它只会让你平静下来，摆脱困境 你的负能量，”她说。 Employers such as Coca-Cola, Mattel and Netflix have used Unplug Meditation to teach breathing or meditation.可口可乐、美泰和 Netflix 等雇主已使用 Unplug Meditation 来教授呼吸或冥想。 It is not always easy for workers to find space for deep breathing exercises. For example, salespeople often work alongside their customers. Yalof Schwartz suggests doing breathing exercises when making a sale or organizing items. 对于工人来说，找到进行深呼吸练习的空间并不总是那么容易。例如，销售人员经常与客户一起工作。亚洛夫·施瓦茨建议在销售或整理物品时进行呼吸练习。 Carlisle, the sales representative, sets a timer on her phone telling her to breathe deeply. She also keeps a note near her computer that simply says “Breathe.” 销售代表卡莱尔在手机上设置了一个计时器，告诉她深呼吸。她还在电脑旁边放了一张纸条，上面写着“呼吸”。 “The anxiety is always going to be there,” Carlisle said. “But at least I know I have one small tool. ... It sounds so simple and silly, but it works.” “焦虑总是存在的，”卡莱尔说。“但至少我知道我有一个小工具。......这听起来很简单又愚蠢，但它确实有效。” 

At Myosin Marketing in Austin, Texas, the group employee meeting begins with an uncommon activity for a workplace. The members gather on Zoom and the head of the company, Sean Clayton, leads them through a deep-breathing exercise. 在德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的 Myosin Marketing，集团员工会议以一项在工作场所中不常见的活动开始。成员们聚集在 Zoom 上，公司负责人肖恩·克莱顿 (Sean Clayton) 带领他们进行深呼吸练习。 Clayton says the activity helps his employees relax and to be willing to take creative risks. 克莱顿说，这项活动可以帮助他的员工放松并愿意承担创造性的风险。 “At first they thought it was really weird,” he said, adding that most people turned off their cameras. But, after a couple of weeks, there was a change. The employees said the deep breathing felt good. “一开始他们觉得这真的很奇怪，”他说，并补充说大多数人都关掉了相机。但是，几周后，情况发生了变化。员工们表示，深呼吸的感觉很好。Studies show that deep breathing can be an effective way to reduce tension, or stress, at work. But people may not think about their breathing while on the job. 研究表明，深呼吸是减轻工作紧张或压力的有效方法。但人们在工作时可能不会考虑自己的呼吸。 Workers who sit at computers for long periods tend to take shallow breaths as their shoulders slowly rise. Workers who spend the day on their feet in retail or health care may be too busy to center their attention on breathing. 长时间坐在电脑前的员工往往会在肩膀慢慢抬起时呼吸浅。零售业或医疗保健行业的工人可能太忙，无法将注意力集中在呼吸上。 But there is good reason to stop what you are doing and take deep breaths, research suggests. 但研究表明，有充分的理由停止你正在做的事情并深呼吸。 Long-lasting stress can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Experts at the American Heart Association say it can be as harmful as secondhand smoke. Research suggests deep-breathing exercises can lower a person’s blood pressure and reduce anxiety.长期的压力会增加患心脏病和中风的风险。美国心脏协会的专家表示，它与二手烟一样有害。研究表明深呼吸练习可以降低人的血压并减少焦虑。There are many benefits to deep breathing. For starters, it is free. It can be done anywhere. And unlike a 30-minute meditation practice, most deep breathing exercises do not take much time.深呼吸有很多好处。对于初学者来说，它是免费的。它可以在任何地方完成。与 30 分钟的冥想练习不同，大多数深呼吸练习不需要太多时间。Also, it gives you something to focus on – your breathing. Experts say that this can help to calm racing thoughts. 此外，它还可以让您专注于呼吸。专家表示，这有助于平息急躁的思绪。Focusing on breathing for one to five minutes can help you clear your mind and let you “get back to focusing on the one thing you want to accomplish,” said Glenn Levine. He is a heart and blood system doctor and professor at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. 格伦·莱文说，专注于呼吸一到五分钟可以帮助你理清思绪，让你“重新专注于你想要完成的一件事”。他是德克萨斯州休斯顿贝勒医学院的心脏和血液系统医生兼教授。 A good way to do deep breathing exercises is outside, Levine said. However, if that is not possible, doing them at a desk works.莱文说，在户外进行深呼吸练习的一个好方法。然而，如果不可能的话，在办公桌上做也是可行的。 “Instead of focusing on the screen or work, just focus on your breathing. If possible,” Levine said, “close your eyes.” “不要专注于屏幕或工作，只需专注于呼吸。如果可能的话，”莱文说，“闭上眼睛。” Even very busy people can find time for daily breathing exercises. 即使非常忙碌的人也可以抽出时间进行日常呼吸练习。 Lisa Marie Deleveaux is a marketing professional and mother of five. She lost her job several months ago and has struggled to find a new one. Deleveaux wakes early most mornings before her children, to do breathing exercises. 丽莎·玛丽·德莱沃 (Lisa Marie Deleveaux) 是一名营销专业人士，也是五个孩子的母亲。她几个月前失业了，一直在努力寻找新工作。大多数早晨，德莱沃都会比孩子们早起床，进行呼吸练习。

The world's first wooden satellite was launched into space on Tuesday, soaring its way towards the International Space Station. Developed by a team at Kyoto University, the palm-sized box, named LignoSat was crafted from a magnolia tree. 世界上第一颗木质外壳的卫星于本周二发射升空，飞向了国际空间站。这颗人造卫星由京都大学的一个团队研发，是一个只有手掌大小的盒子，被叫做 “木质卫星（LignoSat）”，是用一棵木兰属的乔木制成。 It will spend six months in orbit 400km above the Earth, where temperatures fluctuate from -100C to 100C, testing to see if wood could be a feasible space-grade material. Researchers say with no water or oxygen to rot or inflame it, wood is much more durable in space than it is on Earth.这颗人造卫星将在距地表 400 公里的轨道上运行六个月，从而检测木材是否是一种可行的太空材料，因为那里的温度在零下 100 摄氏度到 100 摄氏度之间波动。研究人员说，由于太空中没有水或氧气来使其腐烂或燃烧，木材在太空中远比在地球上更加坚固耐用。 And when the mission is over, the decommissioned satellite will burn up on its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. With no screws or glue, it will emit far fewer pollutants than ordinary metal satellites. Scientists hope it's the first step in a 50-year plan to build timber houses on the Moon and Mars.本次任务结束后，退役的卫星将在重返地球大气层时烧尽。由于没有使用任何螺丝或胶水，它将比普通的金属人造卫星排放的污染物更少。科学家们希望这次实验能够成为一项在月球和火星上建造木质房屋的 50 年计划的第一步。 词汇表soaring 向高处飞magnolia 木兰属的fluctuate 波动，起伏不定feasible 可行的rot 使…腐烂inflame 使…燃烧decommissioned 退役的pollutants 污染物timber 木材

Have you ever bumped into someone and their name just doesn't come to you? Or, you walk into a room and suddenly can't recall why you're there? Being forgetful can be really annoying, sometimes even embarrassing. But what if I told you that there are actually good reasons for our memories fading away? 您是否曾经遇到过某人，但您却想不起他的名字？或者，您走进一个房间，突然想不起自己为什么在那里？健忘真的很烦人，有时甚至令人尴尬。但如果我告诉你，我们的记忆消失实际上有充分的理由呢？ In a BBC interview, neuroscientist Charan Ranganath uses a hoarding analogy. We don't tend to store everything we've ever owned in our house. Similarly, we don't need to store all our memories either. He says, "If we didn't forget anything, we'd be hoarding memories, and you'd never be able to find what you want, when you want it." For example, you don't need to remember the hotel number weeks after you've left the hotel or memorise all the faces you pass on the street. 在接受英国广播公司 (BBC) 采访时，神经科学家查兰·兰加纳特 (Charan Ranganath) 使用了囤积的比喻。我们不倾向于将我们曾经拥有的所有东西都存放在家里。同样，我们也不需要存储所有的记忆。他说：“如果我们不忘记任何事情，我们就会囤积记忆，而当你想要的时候，你永远无法找到你想要的东西。” 例如，您不需要在离开酒店几周后记住酒店号码或记住您在街上经过的所有面孔。 We also need to be able to forget things in order to update our memories with new information. Imagine you get used to the same school timetable or work schedule for a whole year, but the next year, you have new procedures or routines. Your brain needs to be flexible and forget irrelevant details in order to handle the new information. Or, maybe it's been 10 years since you last saw a distant relative. It's likely their face has changed a lot since then, so that memory needs to be updated as well. 我们还需要能够忘记事情，以便用新信息更新我们的记忆。想象一下，您一整年都习惯了相同的学校时间表或工作时间表，但明年，您就有了新的程序或惯例。你的大脑需要灵活并忘记不相关的细节才能处理新信息。或者，也许你已经有十年没有见到远房亲戚了。从那以后他们的脸很可能发生了很大的变化，所以记忆也需要更新。 And, if you've ever been convinced that you know a word, but it just doesn't pop into your head, you're not alone. This tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon may suggest that some things are not fully forgotten, just currently inaccessible. Those with a higher level of knowledge are more affected by this, according to studies such as 'Impact of knowledge and age on tip-of-the-tongue rates', because their brains have to sort through more information to find the word. 而且，如果您曾经确信自己认识一个单词，但它只是没有出现在您的脑海中，那么您并不孤单。这种舌尖现象可能表明有些事情并没有完全被遗忘，只是目前无法访问。根据“知识和年龄对舌尖率的影响”等研究，那些知识水平较高的人受此影响更大，因为他们的大脑必须整理更多信息才能找到单词。 Memories are sometimes compared to a cliff: once they have crumbled, they are lost and cannot be retrieved. However, in their article 'Forgetfulness: Why your mind going blank can be a benefit', Sanjay Sarma and Luke Yoquinto write that forgetting, it seems, is "less like a cliff slowly collapsing into the sea, and more like a house deep in the woods that becomes harder and harder to find". 记忆有时被比作悬崖：一旦崩塌，它们就会消失，无法挽回。然而，桑杰·萨尔马（Sanjay Sarma）和卢克·约昆托（Luke Yoquinto）在他们的文章《健忘：为什么你的大脑一片空白会带来好处》中写道，遗忘似乎“不像是慢慢塌陷到大海中的悬崖，而更像是一座深藏在大海中的房子”。树林变得越来越难找到”。 词汇表come to (someone) 突然被…想起、记起recall 回想起，记起forgetful 健忘的fade away 渐渐消失neuroscientist 神经科学家hoard 囤积，贮藏store 保存，储存memorise 记住，记忆update 更新flexible 灵活的，弹性的pop into 出现tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon 话到嘴边却想不起来的现象sort through 筛选，整理retrieve 重新取回，找回go blank （想法）一片空白

While the older generation enjoys island life, their children have moved to the city after going there to attend school. 老一辈人享受海岛生活，而他们的孩子则在上学后搬到了城市。 This has left an aging population. The island's youngest residents are in their 50s. Conservation experts worry about the island's future. No one is permitted to move to the island from the city. In 2001, the government said the island was safe from changes until changes are required for development. 这导致了人口老龄化。岛上最年轻的居民只有50多岁。保护专家担心该岛的未来。任何人都不允许从城市搬到岛上。2001年，政府表示，在开发需要改变之前，该岛不会受到任何改变。 At the height of its popularity, almost 4,000 people lived on the island. They worked in granite quarries and on farms. But the largest quarry closed in 1970. Then, many people moved to the city where a policy to develop industry grew the economy and covered a once-struggling nation in new developments, roads and factories. 在其鼎盛时期，岛上居住着近 4,000 人。他们在花岗岩采石场和农场工作。但最大的采石场于 1970 年关闭。随后，许多人搬到了这座城市，那里的工业发展政策促进了经济增长，并为这个曾经陷入困境的国家带来了新的发展、道路和工厂。Each June for the past nine years, Singaporean officials have celebrated "Ubin Day." The goal is to help people value and love the island's heritage and ecosystem, the National Parks Board says on its website.过去九年来，每年六月，新加坡官员都会庆祝“乌敏日”。国家公园委员会在其网站上表示，其目标是帮助人们重视和热爱该岛的遗产和生态系统。 Games and enrichment booths mark the celebration. So do plans for the island's future. 游戏和丰富摊位标志着庆祝活动。该岛的未来计划也是如此。 In 1991, the government stopped a plan to extend the subway to the island. Now there are talks about saving the island for future generations. But there will come a day when no one will live there anymore.1991年，政府叫停了将地铁延伸到岛上的计划。现在正在讨论为子孙后代拯救这个岛屿。但有一天，那里将不再有人居住。 "The old people have died off, one by one…,” said Chu. He told Reuters that young people do not want to stay. “老人已经一一去世了……”楚说。他告诉路透社，年轻人不想留下来。 Koh said she hoped officials would let more people stay in guesthouses. "Not the high-end ones but the kampung-type," she added, using the Malay term for a village. Koh说，她希望官员能让更多人入住宾馆。“不是高端的，而是甘榜式的，”她补充道，用马来语来形容村庄。Lim Csye See is a 69-year-old who runs a bicycle rental shop. Lim said he did not want the island to become like Sentosa, Singapore’s theme park island which is crowded with costly hotels and homes.Lim Csye See 是一位 69 岁的老人，经营一家自行车租赁店。林说，他不希望该岛变得像新加坡的主题公园岛圣淘沙那样，那里挤满了昂贵的酒店和住宅。 "If this place becomes like Sentosa, then that's the end," said Lim. “如果这个地方变得像圣淘沙一样，那就结束了，”林说。 

A short boat ride from the wealthy city-state of Singapore is something rare – a small, quiet island. 距离富裕的城邦新加坡只有很短的船程，这是一个罕见的小而安静的岛屿。 People living on Pulau Ubin still talk about the arrival of solar power 11 years ago. They call it a “miracle.” 生活在乌敏岛上的人们至今仍谈论着十一年前太阳能的到来。他们称之为“奇迹”。Although the electricity was expensive, Chu Yok Choon said he loved the convenience. He could just press a button, and a pump would send water to his home from the village well. Until 2013, Chu had to carry water from the well by hand and use generators to provide electricity. 尽管电费昂贵，但朱育春说他喜欢这种便利。他只需按一下按钮，水泵就会从村里的井里把水送到他家。直到2013年，朱先生还得用手从井里打水，并用发电机提供电力。 Chu is one of 30 people living on Pulau Ubin. The island measures only 10 square kilometers. He spoke to Reuters recently and compared life on the island to life in Singapore, or as he calls it, the mainland. Chu是居住在乌敏岛的30人之一。该岛面积只有10平方公里。他最近接受路透社采访，并将岛上的生活与新加坡（或者他所说的大陆）的生活进行了比较。 "Life on the mainland doesn't feel natural," said the 79-year-old. "Life here is quieter." “大陆的生活感觉不太自然，”这位 79 岁的老人说。“这里的生活比较安静。”Pulau Ubin includes forest areas and wetlands. The wetlands were once under threat from development until the plans were postponed. 乌敏岛包括森林地区和湿地。湿地一度受到开发的威胁，直到计划被推迟。 The island offers visitors walks along thick greenery and lakes that were formed from rock quarries. They can ride bicycles on roads free of vehicles and eat seafood meals by the water's edge. 岛上的游客可以沿着茂密的绿色植物和采石场形成的湖泊散步。他们可以在没有车辆的道路上骑自行车，在水边吃海鲜大餐。 For those living in Singapore, the island is an escape. It can be reached in about 10 minutes by ferry. But for those who live on the island, those ferry rides can be inconvenient. Trips to the mainland to buy food and other necessities can be delayed. 对于居住在新加坡的人来说，这座岛屿是一个逃离喧嚣的地方。乘坐渡轮约10分钟即可到达。但对于住在岛上的人来说，乘坐渡轮可能会很不方便。前往大陆购买食物和其他必需品的行程可能会被推迟。 Also, ferries can be costly. For visits to the city, Chu said he would have to wait until the ferry filled up with 12 passengers. Each person pays $3. This cost is similar to Singapore's public transportation. But if he is in a hurry, he would have to pay $36 for the whole boat. 此外，渡轮也可能很贵。朱说，要前往这座城市，他必须等到渡轮载满 12 名乘客。每人支付3美元。这个费用与新加坡的公共交通类似。但如果他赶时间，他就得为整艘船支付 36 美元。Still, the residents stay. They say they are enjoying a life different from the busy, stressful conditions in the city. 尽管如此，居民还是留下来了。他们说，他们正在享受一种不同于城市忙碌、压力的生活。 "The energy is so fantastic," said 54-year-old Koh Bee Choo. She lives in a house on top of wooden supports that extends out over the water. “能量真是太棒了，”54 岁的 Koh Bee Choo 说道。她住在一所房子里，房子的顶部有木支撑，延伸到水面上。"I go for morning walks and I absorb the energy in the jungle," added Koh. She lived in Singapore for nearly five years but returned to the island to run a bicycle rental shop. “我早上去散步，吸收丛林中的能量，”Koh 补充道。她在新加坡生活了近五年，然后回到岛上经营一家自行车租赁店。 

Sampayo, too, communicates her worldview through her textiles. Though she does not paint, she embroiders, and each thread tells a tale from home. Sampayo 也通过纺织品传达她的世界观。虽然她不画画，但她会刺绣，每一根线都讲述着一个家乡的故事。 “Each plant has a spirit,” said the healer, pointing to the leaves embroidered in the cloth. “And medicinal plants come from God.” “每种植物都有灵魂，”治疗师指着布上绣的叶子说道。“而药用植物来自上帝。” The plants painted by Silvano also bear meaning. One of them represents pure love. Another represents a wise man. And another, a serpent. 西尔瓦诺画的植物也具有意义。其中之一代表纯洁的爱情。另一个代表智者。还有一条，一条蛇。“The anaconda is special for us,” Silvano said. “It’s our protector, like a god that cares for us and provides food and water.” “水蚺对我们来说很特别，”西尔瓦诺说。“它是我们的保护者，就像神一样关心我们并提供食物和水。” In ancient times, she said, her people believed that the sun was their father, and the anacondas were their guardians. Colonization brought Catholicism and their worldview changed. 她说，在远古时代，她的人民相信太阳是他们的父亲，而水蟒是他们的守护者。殖民带来了天主教，他们的世界观也发生了变化。 “Nowadays we have different religions...but we respect our other beliefs too,” Silvano said. “现在我们有不同的宗教......但我们也尊重我们的其他信仰，”西尔瓦诺说。For many years, after her father took her to Lima hoping for a better future, she thought of her time in the jungle. Life in Paoyhan was not easy, but she learned to be strong at a young age. 多年来，当她的父亲带她去利马希望有更美好的未来时，她一直想起自己在丛林中的时光。宝涵的生活并不好过，但她从小就学会了坚强。“When we encounter difficult times, we overcome them with our therapy: designing, painting, singing,” Silvano said. “We have a song that is melodic and heals our soul, and another one that is inspiring and brings us joy.” “当我们遇到困难时，我们会通过设计、绘画、唱歌等疗法来克服它们，”西尔瓦诺说。“我们有一首歌旋律优美，治愈我们的灵魂，另一首歌鼓舞人心，给我们带来欢乐。” Few Shipibo girls are told to study or make a living of their own, Silvano said. Instead, they are taught to wait for a husband. And once married, they are taught to deal with problems, difficulties, or bad treatment. 西尔瓦诺说，很少有希皮博女孩被告知要自己学习或谋生。相反，她们被教导要等待丈夫。一旦结婚，他们就会被教导如何处理问题、困难或不良待遇。“Even though we suffer, people tell us: Take it, he’s the father of your children. Take it, he is your husband,” Silvano said. “But deep inside, we are wounded. So what do we do? We sing.” “尽管我们很痛苦，但人们告诉我们：接受吧，他是你们孩子的父亲。接受吧，他是你的丈夫。”西尔瓦诺说道。“但在内心深处，我们受伤了。那么我们该怎么办呢？我们唱歌。” The lesson is taught by mothers to daughters: If you are hurt at home, grab your cloth, your brush and leave. Go far away, alone, and sit. Connect with your kené and paint. And while you paint, sing. 母亲们给女儿们上的一课是：如果你在家里受伤了，拿起你的布、你的刷子就走。独自走远，坐下。与您的 kené 联系并进行绘画。当你画画的时候，唱歌。 “That’s our healing,” Silvano said. “Through our songs, our kenés, we are free.” “这就是我们的治愈方法，”西尔瓦诺说。“通过我们的歌曲、我们的肯尼斯，我们获得了自由。” 

The 36-year-old Peruvian artist Sadith Silvano makes creations born of ancient songs. 36 岁的秘鲁艺术家 Sadith Silvano 的创作源自古老的歌曲。 Brush in hand, eyes on the cloth, the Peruvian woman paints as she sings. And through her voice, her ancestors speak. 这位秘鲁妇女手里拿着画笔，眼睛盯着布料，边唱歌边画画。她的祖先通过她的声音说话。 “When we paint, we listen to the inspiration that comes from the music and connect to nature, to our elders,” said Silvano. “当我们绘画时，我们聆听来自音乐的灵感，并与自然、我们的长辈建立联系，”西尔瓦诺说。 The artist now lives and works in Lima, Peru, where she moved 20 years ago from Paoyhan. It is a Shipibo-Konibo Indigenous community located in the Amazon. 这位艺术家二十年前从保伊汉搬到了秘鲁利马，现在生活和工作在秘鲁利马。这是位于亚马逊地区的希皮博-科尼博土著社区。“These pieces are sacred,” she added. “We bless our work with the energy of our songs.” “这些作品是神圣的，”她补充道。“我们用歌曲的能量来祝福我们的工作。” Official data says close to 33,000 Shipibo-Konibo people live in Peru. They are believed to come from the surroundings of the Uyacali river. Many moved to urban areas like Cantagallo, the Lima neighborhood where Silvano lives. 官方数据显示，秘鲁有近 33,000 名希皮博-科尼博人。据信它们来自乌亚卡利河周围地区。许多人搬到了城市地区，比如西尔瓦诺居住的利马社区坎塔加洛。 Hand-painted textiles like the ones she makes have slowly gained recognition. Known as “kené,” these works were declared part of the “Cultural Heritage of the Nation” by the Peruvian government in 2008.像她制作的手绘纺织品慢慢获得了认可。这些被称为“kené”的作品于 2008 年被秘鲁政府宣布为“国家文化遗产”的一部分。 Each kené is special, Shipibo craftswomen say. Every design speaks of a woman’s community, her worldview and beliefs. Shipibo 女工匠说，每件 kené 都很特别。每件设计都讲述了女性的社区、她的世界观和信仰。 “Every design tells a story,” Silvano said while dressed in traditional clothing. “It is a way in which a Shipibo woman distinguishes herself.”“每一个设计都讲述一个故事，”身着传统服装的西尔瓦诺说道。“这是 Shipibo 女性与众不同的一种方式。” Paoyhan, where Silvano was born, is far from Lima. To get there requires an airplane flight and a 12-hour boat trip. 西尔瓦诺出生的保伊汉距离利马很远。到达那里需要乘坐飞机和 12 小时的船程。 In her hometown, locals rarely speak languages other than Shipibo. Doors and windows there have no locks. 在她的家乡，当地人很少说除什皮博以外的语言。那里的门窗都没有锁。Adela Sampayo, a 48-year-old healer who was born not too far from Paoyhan, moved to Cantagallo in 2000. Adela Sampayo 是一位 48 岁的治疗师，出生在离 Paoyhan 不远的地方，2000 年搬到了坎塔加洛。 But she says that all her skills come from the Amazon River area. 但她说她所有的技能都来自亚马逊河地区。 “Since I was a little girl, my mom treated me with traditional medicine,” said Sampayo. “She gave me plants to become stronger, to avoid getting sick, to be courageous,” she added. “That’s how the energy of the plants started growing inside me.” “从我还是个小女孩的时候起，我妈妈就用传统药物治疗我，”桑帕约说。“她给了我植物让我变得更强壮、避免生病、变得勇敢，”她补充道。“这就是植物的能量开始在我体内生长的方式。” 

Scientists say ancient footprints left in wet dirt on a Kenyan lakeside suggest that two early human ancestors were neighbors about 1.5 million years ago. 科学家表示，肯尼亚湖畔湿泥土中留下的古代脚印表明，大约 150 万年前，两个早期人类祖先是邻居。 Two separate species made the sets of footprints “within a matter of hours, or at most days,” said paleontologist Louise Leakey, a writer of the research published recently in the journal Science. Paleontologists study fossils to learn about the history of life on Earth. 最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这项研究的作者、古生物学家路易丝·利基 (Louise Leakey) 说，两个不同的物种“在几个小时内，或者最多几天内”就留下了这组脚印。古生物学家研究化石是为了了解地球上生命的历史。Scientists already knew from earlier fossil finds that these two extinct lines of human development – called Homo erectus and Paranthropus boisei – lived about the same time in the Turkana Basin. 科学家们从早期的化石发现中已经知道，这两个已灭绝的人类进化谱系——直立人和博伊西傍人——大约同时生活在图尔卡纳盆地。 But dating fossils is not exact. “It’s plus or minus a few thousand years,” said paleontologist William Harcourt-Smith of Lehman College and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. He was not involved in the study 但化石年代测定并不准确。“这正负了几千年，”纽约雷曼学院和美国自然历史博物馆的古生物学家威廉·哈考特·史密斯说。他没有参与这项研究 Yet with fossil footprints, “there’s an actual moment in time preserved,” he said. “It’s an amazing discovery.” 然而，有了化石足迹，“就保存了一个真实的时间点，”他说。“这是一个惊人的发现。” Researchers found the fossil footprints in 2021 in what is today Koobi Fora, Kenya, said Leaky, who is based at Stony Brook University in New York. 纽约石溪大学的 Leaky 表示，研究人员于 2021 年在今天的肯尼亚库比福拉发现了化石足迹。 Study co-writer Kevin Hatala is a paleoanthropologist at Chatham University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He said the two species likely knew of each other’s existence whether they left the prints at the same time or a day or two apart. 研究合著者凯文·哈塔拉是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡查塔姆大学的古人类学家。他说，这两个物种很可能知道彼此的存在，无论它们是同时留下的脚印还是相隔一两天留下的脚印。 “They probably saw each other, probably knew each other was there and probably influenced each other in some way,” Hatala said. 哈塔拉说：“他们可能见过对方，可能知道对方在那里，并且可能以某种方式互相影响。” Scientists were able to tell the difference between the two species because of the shape of the footprints. The shape of each informed researchers about the structure of the foot and how it was being used at the time. 由于脚印的形状，科学家们能够区分这两个物种。每个脚的形状都让研究人员了解脚的结构以及当时的使用方式。 Homo erectus appeared to be walking similarly to how modern humans walk – striking the ground heel first, then moving weight over the ball of the foot and toes and pushing off again. 直立人的行走方式似乎与现代人的行走方式类似——脚跟先着地，然后将重量转移到脚掌和脚趾上，然后再次推出。 The other species, which was also walking upright, was moving “in a different way from anything else we’ve seen before, anywhere else,” said co-writer Erin Marie Williams-Hatala, a human development anatomist at Chatham. 另一种物种也是直立行走，其移动方式“与我们之前在其他地方见过的任何其他物种都不同”，查塔姆人类发育解剖学家、合著者艾琳·玛丽·威廉姆斯-哈塔拉（Erin Marie Williams-Hatala）说。 Among other details, the footprints suggest greater ability of movement in their big toe, compared to Homo erectus or modern humans, said Hatala. 哈塔拉说，除其他细节外，这些脚印表明，与直立人或现代人类相比，他们的大脚趾具有更强的运动能力。 Our common primate ancestors probably had hands and feet fit for grasping branches. But, over time, the feet of human ancestors developed to permit walking upright, researchers say. 我们共同的灵长类祖先可能有适合抓握树枝的手和脚。但研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，人类祖先的脚进化到可以直立行走。 The new study adds to a growing amount of research that suggests the change to walking on two feet did not happen at a single moment, in a single way. 越来越多的研究表明，双脚行走的改变并不是在某一时刻以单一方式发生的，这项新研究是对这一结果的补充。 Instead, there may have been a number of ways that early humans learned to walk, run and slide on prehistoric muddy hills. 相反，早期人类可能通过多种方式学会了在史前泥泞的山丘上行走、跑步和滑行。 “It turns out, there are different gait mechanics – different ways of being bipedal,” said Harcourt-Smith. “事实证明，存在不同的步态机制——双足行走的不同方式，”哈考特-史密斯说。 

A new study reports that more than 800 million adults have diabetes worldwide. And more than half of those aged over 30 who have the condition are not receiving treatment. 一项新研究报告称，全球有超过 8 亿成年人患有糖尿病。超过一半的 30 岁以上患有这种疾病的人没有接受治疗。 Diabetes is a disease in which your blood sugar level is too high. If untreated, it can damage the heart, blood vessels, nerves and other organs.糖尿病是一种血糖水平过高的疾病。如果不及时治疗，可能会损害心脏、血管、神经和其他器官。 The study, recently published in the publication Lancet, found that around 828 million people aged 18 and older had diabetes worldwide in 2022. Among those 30 and older, the study said 445 million, or 59 percent, were not receiving treatment. 这项最近发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的研究发现，到 2022 年，全球 18 岁及以上的人约有 8.28 亿患有糖尿病。研究称，在 30 岁及以上的人中，有 4.45 亿人（即 59%）没有接受治疗。 The study was done by the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration and the World Health Organization (WHO). It is the first worldwide evaluation based on more than 1,000 studies involving more than 140 million people. 该研究由非传染性疾病风险因素协作组织和世界卫生组织 (WHO) 共同完成。这是首次基于 1,000 多项研究（涉及超过 1.4 亿人）的全球评估。The WHO estimated that the number of people living with diabetes worldwide rose from 200 million in 1990 to about 830 million in 2022. The study’s researchers say the increase has been caused largely by rising cases in low- and middle-income countries. Treatments in those countries have not kept up with the rise, while the situation has improved in some higher-income countries. 世界卫生组织估计，全球糖尿病患者人数从 1990 年的 2 亿增加到 2022 年的约 8.3 亿。该研究的研究人员表示，这一增长主要是由于低收入和中等收入国家的病例增加造成的。这些国家的治疗水平没有跟上增长的步伐，而一些高收入国家的情况有所改善。 WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement that the increase shown in the study was shocking. “To bring the global diabetes epidemic under control, countries must urgently take action," he said. Those actions should include policies supporting healthy diets and physical activity, as well as health systems that can prevent, identify and treat the condition. 世卫组织总干事谭德塞博士在一份声明中表示，研究显示的增长令人震惊。他说：“为了控制全球糖尿病流行，各国必须紧急采取行动。”这些行动应包括支持健康饮食和身体活动的政策，以及能够预防、识别和治疗这种疾病的卫生系统。Jean Claude Mbanya is a professor at the University of Yaounde I in Cameroon. He said that in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, only 5-10 percent of those estimated to have diabetes were getting treatment. He added that treating diabetes, either with insulin or drugs, can be costly. "A huge number (are) at risk of serious health complications," he said. 让·克洛德·姆巴尼亚 (Jean Claude Mbanya) 是喀麦隆雅温得第一大学的教授。他说，在撒哈拉以南非洲的部分地区，估计患有糖尿病的人中只有 5-10% 正在接受治疗。他补充说，用胰岛素或药物治疗糖尿病可能会花费昂贵。“很多人面临严重健康并发症的风险，”他说。 Some of the largest improvements, 25 to 37 percentage points, happened in countries in Latin America, central and western Europe, Canada, South Korea, Russia, Seychelles, and Jordan. 拉丁美洲、中欧和西欧、加拿大、韩国、俄罗斯、塞舌尔和约旦等国家的进步最大，提高了 25 至 37 个百分点。 The WHO says the number of deaths caused by diabetes has been increasing since 2000. In 2021, the disease was the direct cause of 1.6 million deaths. 世界卫生组织表示，自2000年以来，糖尿病导致的死亡人数一直在增加。2021年，该疾病是导致160万人死亡的直接原因。The health agency says symptoms of diabetes may happen suddenly or take many years to be noticed. They include: 卫生机构表示，糖尿病的症状可能会突然出现，也可能需要很多年才能被注意到。它们包括：feeling very thirsty感觉很渴needing to urinate more often than usual需要比平常更频繁地小便blurred vision视力模糊feeling tired感觉疲倦losing weight减肥The best way to prevent or delay the illness, the WHO says, is to make lifestyle changes. For example: 世界卫生组织表示，预防或延缓疾病的最佳方法是改变生活方式。例如：keeping a healthy body weight保持健康的体重staying active with at least 150 minutes of exercise each week保持活跃，每周至少锻炼 150 分钟 eating a healthy diet and avoiding sugar and saturated fat健康饮食，避免糖和饱和脂肪not smoking tobacco.不吸烟。

The archaeologists found the site under the jungle canopy in the southeastern state of Campeche by accident during an internet search. A PhD student spotted a radar survey posted by an environmental organisation that could peer through thick vegetation. 考古学家们在一次互联网搜索中意外地在丛林树冠下发现了这处位于墨西哥东南部坎佩切州的遗址。一名博士生注意到了一个环境监测组织发布的雷达测绘图，这个雷达可以透过茂密的植被进行勘测。 Using archaeological tools, the researchers were able to see evidence of nearly 7,000 buildings and a huge city they called Valeriana. Valeriana had temple pyramids, plazas, houses, causeways and reservoirs, and may have been home to up to 50,000 people in the 9th century. Luke Auld-Thomas from Tulane University says it reveals the complexity of Mayan society. 借由考古学工具，研究人员能看到近七千栋建筑物以及一座巨大的城市存在的证据，他们把这座城市称为瓦莱里亚纳（Valeriana）。瓦莱里亚纳建有许多神庙金字塔、广场、房屋、堤道和蓄水池，并且在公元九世纪时可能有 5 万人居住在此。杜兰大学的卢克·奥尔德-托马斯表示这座城市展现了玛雅社会的复杂性。 But war, climate change and the Spanish invasion led to the demise of most Mayans. Their descendants still live in the region today, their ancient cities buried beneath their feet.但是，战争、气候变化和西班牙的入侵导致了大多数玛雅人的死亡。玛雅人的后代如今依然生活在这个地区。他们古老的城市已经被掩埋在了他们脚下。词汇表archaeologists 考古学家jungle canopy 丛林树冠spotted 注意到，发现了peer through 透过…看plazas 广场causeways 堤道reservoirs 蓄水池demise 死亡descendants 后代buried 掩埋

That email you didn't send, the calculation you misread, the realisation that the deadline was yesterday... all followed by a sinking feeling, a quickening of the breath and the realisation that it's your fault. Fear not! Handled well, a mistake at work can become a great opportunity. 你没有发送的那封电子邮件，你误读的计算，意识到截止日期是昨天......所有这些都伴随着一种沮丧的感觉，呼吸加快，并意识到这是你的错。 不要害怕！ 如果处理得当，工作中的错误可以成为一个很好的机会。 Start by owning up to it. It may be tempting to cover up a mistake, but any deception is unlikely to last for long and could delay attempts to put right the problem. And that's next – try to resolve the problems that you've created. Being proactive and coming to your manager with suggestions is likely to help you regain trust. Psychologists tell us that we tend to have a negativity bias – we are more likely to remember negative things. This is why executive coach Dina Denham Smith tells us we need to make our progress in fixing the issue clear and visible. It's also important to apologise. Showing genuine remorse demonstrates that we can take ownership of our blunders. 首先要承认这一点。 掩盖错误可能很诱人，但任何欺骗都不太可能持续很长时间，并且可能会延迟纠正问题的尝试。 接下来就是尝试解决你所造成的问题。 积极主动并向经理提出建议可能会帮助您重新获得信任。 心理学家告诉我们，我们往往有消极偏见——我们更有可能记住消极的事情。 这就是为什么执行教练迪娜·德纳姆·史密斯告诉我们，我们需要让解决问题的进展变得清晰可见。 道歉也很重要。 表现出真正的悔恨表明我们可以承担自己的错误。 As well as looking at how we make amends for our mix-ups to other people, we also need to be honest with ourselves. Removing emotion is important. Shame from making a mistake can cloud our judgement when deciding how to respond. It can also affect our perception of the mistake's seriousness – it's easy to exaggerate how bad something really is. Everyone makes mistakes. What's really important is how we address them. It's important to be reflective. Consider if there's an underlying cause for the mistake, and how to prevent future slip-ups. It can also be useful to seek advice from someone who's had similar experiences in the past. Combined with our own reflections, this can be a powerful way to grow in our job and be more successful. 除了考虑如何弥补对他人的误解之外，我们还需要对自己诚实。 消除情绪很重要。 犯错误所带来的羞耻感会影响我们在决定如何应对时的判断力。 它还会影响我们对错误严重性的看法——很容易夸大事情的严重程度。 每个人都会犯错误。 真正重要的是我们如何解决这些问题。 反思很重要。 考虑是否存在导致错误的根本原因，以及如何防止将来出现失误。 向过去有过类似经历的人寻求建议也很有用。 结合我们自己的反思，这可能是我们工作成长和取得更大成功的有力途径。 Academics Jasmine Virhia and Grace Lordan highlight research showing that workplaces which replace fear and blame around mistakes with opportunities for self-reflection are more psychologically safe. This allows people to learn from their mistakes, grow their skills, improve processes and ultimately productivity. Handled in the right way, by both employees and employers, mistakes can become a powerful tool for improvement. 学者 Jasmine Virhia 和 Grace Lordan 强调研究表明，用自我反思的机会取代对错误的恐惧和责备的工作场所在心理上更安全。 这使人们能够从错误中吸取教训，提高技能，改进流程并最终提高生产力。 如果员工和雇主都以正确的方式处理错误，错误可以成为改进的有力工具。词汇表deadline 截止日期sinking feeling 对即将发生的坏事的担忧和不安quickening 加速fault 过错，责任own up 承认或坦白（错误）cover up 掩盖deception 欺骗put right 纠正resolve 解决proactive 积极的，主动的regain trust 重获信任negativity bias 消极偏见，更倾向于关注和记忆负面的事情remorse 悔恨，自责take ownership 承担责任和义务blunder 愚蠢的错误make amends 做出弥补mix-up 错误cloud one's judgement 影响某人的判断perception 认知，看法address 处理，解决reflective 自省的，反思的underlying 根本的，潜在的slip-up 失误reflection 反思，深思

Police suspected someone was stealing shoes from a children’s school in southwestern Japan. But a security camera caught the thief in action. It was a weasel! 警方怀疑有人从日本西南部的一所儿童学校偷鞋子。但监控摄像头捕捉到了小偷的行动。那是一只黄鼠狼！ The small animal with a long body and short legs usually hunts for rats and rabbits. But this one was hunting for children’s shoes. 这种身体长、腿短的小动物通常捕食老鼠和兔子。但这是在寻找童鞋。 After the children’s shoes began disappearing, police put in place three security cameras in the school in Fukuoka in southern Japan. Soon after, recorded video showed a weasel with a small shoe in its mouth. 童鞋开始失踪后，警方在日本南部福冈的学校安装了三个安全摄像头。不久之后，录制的视频显示一只黄鼠狼嘴里叼着一只小鞋子。 “It’s great it turned out not to be a human being,” Deputy Police Chief Hiroaki Inada told The Associated Press recently. Teachers and parents had feared the thief could be a person with mental health problems. “很高兴它不是人类，”副警察局长稻田弘明最近告诉美联社。老师和家长担心小偷可能是一个有心理健康问题的人。 Japanese often take their shoes off before entering homes. The shoes that disappeared were all slip-ons the children wore indoors, stored in special spaces near the door. 日本人进屋前经常脱鞋。消失的鞋子都是孩子们在室内穿的懒人鞋，存放在靠近门的特殊空间里。 Weasels are known to hide items. People who keep weasels as pets give them toys so they can hide them. 黄鼠狼以隐藏物品而闻名。饲养黄鼠狼作为宠物的人会给它们玩具，这样它们就可以隐藏它们。 The weasel moved shoes around and took 15 of them before police were called. Six more were taken the following day. The weasel returned to steal one more shoe. The video of that theft was seen the next day. 黄鼠狼四处移动鞋子，并在报警之前拿走了其中的 15 只鞋子。第二天，又有六人被带走。黄鼠狼又回来偷了一只鞋子。第二天就看到了那次盗窃的视频。 The shoe-loving weasel only took the white indoor shoes made of canvas, likely because they are light to carry. 喜欢穿鞋的黄鼠狼只穿了白色的帆布室内鞋，可能是因为它们携带起来很轻。 “We were so relieved,” the school’s kindergarten director Yoshihide Saito told Japanese broadcaster RKB Mainichi Broadcasting. “我们松了一口气，”该校幼儿园园长斋藤义秀 (Yoshihide Saito) 告诉日本广播公司 RKB Mainichi Broadcasting。 The children got a good laugh when they saw the weasel in the video. 当孩子们看到视频中的黄鼠狼时，哈哈大笑。 Although the stolen shoes were never found, the remaining shoes are now safely behind netting that covers the storage spaces. 尽管被盗的鞋子从未被发现，但剩余的鞋子现在安全地位于覆盖存储空间的网后面。 The weasel, which is believed to be wild, is still on the loose. 这只黄鼠狼被认为是野生的，但仍然逍遥法外。 

Since its start in 2012, GivingTuesday, the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, has become one of the biggest money-raising days of the year for nonprofits in the United States. 自 2012 年启动以来，GivingTuesday（感恩节后的星期二）已成为美国非营利组织一年中最大的筹款日之一。 In 2022 and 2023, GivingTuesday raised $3.1 billion for charity, or aid, organizations, as estimated by GivingTuesday. 据 GivingTuesday 估计，2022 年和 2023 年，GivingTuesday 为慈善机构或援助组织筹集了 31 亿美元。 This year, GivingTuesday is on December 3. 今年的 GivingTuesday 是 12 月 3 日。The #GivingTuesday hashtag started as a project of the 92nd Street Y in New York City in 2012. It became an independent organization in 2020. It has grown into a worldwide organization of local groups that support giving in their communities, often on different dates that have local importance, like holidays. #GivingTuesday 标签最初是 2012 年纽约市第 92 街 Y 的一个项目。它于 2020 年成为一个独立组织。它已发展成为一个由本地团体组成的全球性组织，这些团体支持在其社区中进行捐赠，通常在不同的日期进行捐赠。具有当地的重要性，例如假期。 Now, GivingTuesday, the nonprofit, also gathers researchers studying everyday giving. It also collects data from wide sources like payment processors, crowdfunding sites, employee giving software and organizations that offer charitable giving. 现在，非营利组织 GivingTuesday 也聚集了研究日常捐赠的研究人员。它还从支付处理商、众筹网站、员工捐赠软件和提供慈善捐赠的组织等广泛来源收集数据。For nonprofits, the point of GivingTuesday is to raise money and engage their supporters. Many nonprofits will organize fundraising campaigns with email and mail appeals that arrive on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving. 对于非营利组织来说，GivingTuesday 的目的是筹集资金并吸引支持者。许多非营利组织将通过电子邮件和邮寄呼吁组织筹款活动，这些呼吁将于感恩节后的周二送达。 Nonprofits do not have to be linked in any way with GivingTuesday, the organization, to run a fundraising campaign. GivingTuesday will still provide them with graphics and advice. In that way, it remains a grassroots effort with groups and donors taking part as they like. 非营利组织无需与 GivingTuesday 组织有任何联系即可开展筹款活动。GivingTuesday 仍将为他们提供图表和建议。这样，它仍然是一项基层努力，团体和捐助者可以随意参与。GivingTuesday has grown far beyond its early days when it mainly pushed for giving on social media. The day has become a well-known event that seeks to center charitable giving and volunteering in the U.S. and around the world. GivingTuesday 的发展远远超出了其早期主要推动社交媒体捐赠的时代。这一天已成为一项众所周知的活动，旨在集中美国和世界各地的慈善捐赠和志愿服务。 For years, GivingTuesday has been a major focus of fundraising for nonprofits, with many seeking to organize matching donations from major donors. It is the beginning of the end-of-year fundraising race as nonprofits seek to reach their budget targets for the following year.多年来，GivingTuesday 一直是非营利组织筹款的主要焦点，许多组织都寻求组织主要捐助者的匹配捐款。这是年终筹款竞赛的开始，非营利组织力求达到下一年的预算目标。 Donations on GivingTuesday in 2022 and 2023 reached $3.1 billion, an increase from $2.7 billion in 2021. While that is a lot to raise in a single day, the trend last year was flat and fewer donors were giving. The organization says that is a worrying sign. 2022 年和 2023 年 GivingTuesday 的捐款额达到 31 亿美元，比 2021 年的 27 亿美元有所增加。虽然一天之内筹集的资金数额很大，但去年的趋势持平，而且捐款人也减少了。该组织表示，这是一个令人担忧的迹象。 

The astronomers say 2024 PT5 should head back to Earth in the coming weeks. It is expected to pass as close as 1.8 million kilometers from Earth in January. The moon stays at a distance of about 384,000 kilometers from our planet, NASA explains. 天文学家表示 2024 PT5 应该会在未来几周内返回地球。预计一月份它将距离地球近 180 万公里。NASA 解释说，月球距地球约 384,000 公里。The asteroid will then move farther into the solar system while orbiting the sun. Scientists say the next time the object is expected to make another close move toward Earth is in 2055. 然后，小行星将在绕太阳运行的同时进一步进入太阳系。科学家表示，预计该物体下次再次靠近地球是在 2055 年。 Raul de la Fuente Marcos told the AP that 2024 PT5 was first identified in August and began its move toward Earth in late September. He said the object’s path was similar to the shape of a horseshoe. 劳尔·德拉·富恩特·马科斯 (Raul de la Fuente Marcos) 告诉美联社，2024 PT5 于 8 月首次被发现，并于 9 月下旬开始向地球移动。他说该物体的路径类似于马蹄铁的形状。 De la Fuente Marcos noted that by the time the asteroid returns in January, it will be moving at more than double the speed from September. Current data suggests that during its 2055 visit, it will again make a temporary and partial circle around Earth. 德拉富恩特马科斯指出，当小行星在一月份返回时，其移动速度将是九月份的两倍多。目前的数据表明，在 2055 年访问期间，它将再次绕地球进行暂时的部分环绕。 NASA said teams at its Center for Near Earth Object Studies had continually followed the movements of 2024 PT5. It is normal for NASA and its international partners to continuously search the skies for near-Earth objects. Such objects include asteroids and comets that come within 50 million kilometers of Earth’s orbit.NASA 表示，其近地天体研究中心的团队一直在持续跟踪 2024 年 PT5 的动向。美国宇航局及其国际合作伙伴不断在天空中寻找近地天体是很正常的。此类天体包括距地球轨道 5000 万公里以内的小行星和彗星。 The search system, called ATLAS, involves four different telescopes. Two of them are based in Hawaii. Another operates in Chile and the other sits in South Africa. NASA explains that ATLAS is designed to search the whole sky several times each night looking for moving objects. 这个名为 ATLAS 的搜索系统涉及四个不同的望远镜。其中两人位于夏威夷。另一个在智利运营，另一个位于南非。NASA 解释说，ATLAS 的设计目的是每晚多次搜索整个天空，寻找移动物体。 The space agency says it will use its large Goldstone Solar System Radar observer – which sits in Barstow, California – to follow 2024 PT5 when it again is pulled toward Earth’s orbit in 2025. 该航天局表示，将使用位于加利福尼亚州巴斯托的大型戈德斯通太阳系雷达观测器来跟踪 2024 PT5，届时 2025 年它将再次被拉向地球轨道。

An asteroid that moved closer to Earth’s orbit in recent months is now moving away from our planet as gravity pulls it back toward the sun. 近几个月来，一颗小行星靠近地球轨道，现在由于重力将其拉回太阳而远离我们的星球。 The asteroid is small – about 10 meters long – and never presented any threat to Earth. But the object, known as 2024 PT5, was recently pulled closer to our planet by Earth’s gravitational forces. 这颗小行星很小——大约10米长——并且从未对地球构成任何威胁。但这个被称为 2024 PT5 的物体最近被地球引力拉近了。 Scientists sometimes call such objects “mini-moons.” This is because they behave similarly to the permanent moon orbiting Earth when they are captured by gravity. But they are much smaller and stay only temporarily in Earth’s orbit. 科学家有时将此类物体称为“迷你卫星”。这是因为当它们被重力捕获时，它们的行为类似于绕地球运行的永久月球。但它们要小得多，并且只能暂时停留在地球轨道上。 The American space agency NASA said it does not consider 2024 PT5 a mini-moon because it was never expected to be fully captured by Earth’s gravity. But NASA has described the small asteroid as “an interesting object” that is worthy of study. Such asteroids are considered near-Earth objects. 美国航天局 NASA 表示，它不认为 2024 PT5 是一个迷你月球，因为从未预计它会被地球引力完全捕获。但美国宇航局将这颗小行星描述为“一个有趣的物体”，值得研究。此类小行星被认为是近地天体。 The space agency noted that similarities between the asteroid’s motion and that of Earth suggest the object could be a large piece of rock that broke off from the moon’s surface after an asteroid strike in the distant past. 该航天局指出，小行星的运动与地球的运动之间的相似之处表明，该物体可能是很久以前小行星撞击后从月球表面脱落的一大块岩石。 The object was first observed on August 7 by two astronomer brothers from Spain’s Complutense University of Madrid – Carlos de la Fuente Marcos and Raúl de la Fuente Marcos. They identified the asteroid through observations made by a telescope in South Africa. 8月7日，来自西班牙马德里康普顿斯大学的两位天文学家兄弟卡洛斯·德拉富恩特·马科斯（Carlos de la Fuente Marcos）和劳尔·德拉富恩特·马科斯（Raúl de la Fuente Marcos）首次观测到了该天体。他们通过南非的望远镜观测发现了这颗小行星。 The Spanish astronomers said it appeared 2024 PT5 is part of a group of near-Earth objects within the Arjuna asteroid belt. They wrote that asteroids in this belt are believed to be “surrounding the path followed by the Earth-moon system.”西班牙天文学家表示，2024 PT5 似乎是阿朱那小行星带内一组近地天体的一部分。他们写道，这条带中的小行星被认为“围绕着地月系统所遵循的路径”。 The Associated Press reported the astronomers had used telescopes in the Spanish Canary Islands, off the coast of northwestern Africa, to make hundreds of observations. The object is currently more than 3.5 million kilometers from Earth. Only powerful telescopes can see the asteroid because of its small size and low brightness. 美联社报道称，天文学家在非洲西北部海岸的西班牙加那利群岛使用望远镜进行了数百次观测。该物体目前距离地球超过350万公里。由于小行星体积小、亮度低，只有强大的望远镜才能看到它。 

To keep the workouts fun, they also might include fun games and activities from childhood. In Edmonton, they play snow games in winter and water games in summer. The games help to lower inhibitions. This helps people make connections, said Jason Shaw. He is co-leader of the Indianapolis, Indiana group. 为了保持锻炼的乐趣，它们还可能包括童年时期的有趣游戏和活动。在埃德蒙顿，他们冬天玩雪上游戏，夏天玩水上游戏。游戏有助于降低压抑感。杰森·肖说，这有助于人们建立联系。他是印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯集团的联合领导人。 “Nobody (is) cool at November Project,” he said. “没有人对十一月项目很酷，”他说。 Shaw said groups recognize members’ milestones. People can earn prizes for reaching different goals. 肖说，团体承认成员的里程碑。人们可以通过实现不同的目标来获得奖励。 To find out if a November Project group is near you, go to their website at November-Project.com. Building community and making friends is another big part of the project. So, each group is active on social media. 要了解您附近是否有 11 月项目小组，请访问他们的网站：Novell-Project.com。建立社区和结交朋友是该项目的另一个重要部分。因此，每个群体在社交媒体上都很活跃。 If you do not have a November Project nearby, you can find another type of outdoor exercise group. Or start your own. 如果您附近没有十一月项目，您可以寻找另一种类型的户外运动团体。或者开始你自己的。 The November Project organizers offer a few suggestions on how to work out during colder months. 十一月项目组织者提供了一些关于如何在寒冷月份锻炼的建议。Find workout friends. At the center of the project, is accountability. Members promise to show up. There is a sense of letting down your teammates if you do not show up, said Mandaric, who moved to Boston from Serbia to row crew for Northeastern University. (Rowing crew is a type of boat racing.) 寻找锻炼的朋友。该项目的核心是问责制。成员们承诺一定会出席。从塞尔维亚搬到波士顿为东北大学划船的曼达里克说，如果你不出现，就会有一种让队友失望的感觉。（赛艇队是赛艇运动的一种。）There is no such thing as bad weather, just bad clothing, said Shaw, the leader from Indianapolis. He suggests wearing clothing next to your skin that removes sweat. This will help keep you warm and dry. Avoid cotton, he warned. It keeps sweat in contact with your body and will make you colder. 来自印第安纳波利斯的领导人肖说，没有坏天气，只有坏衣服。他建议穿贴身的衣服以去除汗水。这将帮助您保持温暖和干燥。他警告说，避免使用棉花。它会让汗水与你的身体接触，让你感觉更冷。 Also, add a top layer that protects against bad weather. On its webpage, the November Project leaders for Washington, DC say workouts are not cancelled for weather. 另外，添加顶层以防止恶劣天气的影响。华盛顿特区十一月项目负责人在其网页上表示，锻炼不会因为天气而取消。Promise yourself to exercise on the same days and times for a month. Create a routine. This will make it easier to stick to an exercise routine, says Mandaric.承诺自己在一个月的同一天和同一时间进行锻炼。创建一个例程。曼达里克说，这会让你更容易坚持锻炼习惯。And make sure to have fun. Exercise does not have to be hard or serious. 并确保玩得开心。锻炼不一定要很辛苦或很严肃。 Smith, the member from Edmonton, Alberta, says she enjoys the social part of the November Project the most. She calls it “a chosen family.” They came together because they had fun exercising. She said. “You can have fun and get fit.” 来自艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿的会员史密斯表示，她最喜欢十一月项目的社交部分。她称之为“一个被选择的家庭”。他们聚在一起是因为锻炼很有趣。她说。“你可以享受乐趣并保持健康。”

In Edmonton, Alberta, the sun had yet to come up. The temperature was more than 20 degrees below zero. In the dark and cold, Tanis Smith was ready to run up and down hundreds of stairs among the trees in the Saskatchewan River Valley. 在阿尔伯塔省的埃德蒙顿，太阳还没有升起。气温零下二十多度。在黑暗和寒冷中，坦尼斯·史密斯准备在萨斯喀彻温河谷的树林中跑上跑下数百级楼梯。 And Smith was not alone. Ten people joined her for the activity. All were wearing several layers of clothing to keep warm. 史密斯并不孤单。有十个人参加了她的活动。所有人都穿着几层衣服来保暖。 “You're pretty much just putting everything you own on,” said Smith, an accountant. “If you look at the pictures, you don’t know who you are unless you remember what you were wearing.” “你几乎只是把你拥有的一切都投入其中，”会计师史密斯说。“如果你看照片，你不知道自己是谁，除非你记得自己穿什么。” Since that winter back in 2013, Smith has rarely missed a workout with a group called November Project.自 2013 年那个冬天以来，史密斯很少缺席一个名为“十一月项目”的团体的训练。November Project is a network of free outdoor group exercise classes that started in Boston, Massachusetts. No matter the weather, members get out of bed before sunrise at least once a week and go outdoors for group exercise. 十一月项目是一个免费户外团体锻炼课程网络，始于马萨诸塞州波士顿。无论天气如何，会员每周至少一次在日出前起床，到户外进行集体锻炼。 November Project is part exercise, part fun, and part community. It is a model for exercising outdoors, especially in the winter. 十一月项目一半是锻炼，一半是乐趣，一半是社区。它是户外锻炼的典范，尤其是在冬天。 It started in 2011, when two friends agreed to exercise every morning for the month of November. They were looking for accountability and motivation to help them stick to an exercise routine. 它始于 2011 年，当时两个朋友同意在 11 月份每天早上锻炼身体。他们正在寻找责任感和动力来帮助他们坚持锻炼。 By the end of that first month, they had invited others to join them. Soon, their meetings were bringing in almost forty people. And it became a year-round project. 到第一个月结束时，他们已经邀请了其他人加入他们。很快，他们的会议就吸引了近四十人。这成为了一个全年项目。“A party is better when there’s more people around. We would talk to anybody who would listen,” said Bojan Mandaric. He created the project with friend, Brogan Graham. “当周围的人越多时，聚会就越好。我们会与任何愿意倾听的人交谈，”博扬·曼达里克说。他与朋友布罗根·格雷厄姆 (Brogan Graham) 一起创建了这个项目。 Then, as people moved to other cities, they took the idea with them. So, the November Project grew. Now, there are 52 groups in eight countries, including 44 in the United States and Canada. 然后，当人们搬到其他城市时，他们也带着这个想法。因此，十一月项目不断发展。目前，共有 52 个团体分布在 8 个国家，其中美国和加拿大有 44 个团体。People of all ages and fitness levels join the workouts. Some groups begin with something called “The Bounce.” They chant and jump at the same time to bring the group together. Those who feel inhibited, do not have to do this. 所有年龄段和健身水平的人都参加锻炼。有些团体从“弹跳”开始。他们一边喊着一边跳跃，让大家团结在一起。那些感到压抑的人不必这样做。 Most classes include running and body weight exercises like squats. The project also uses the surroundings of the location. So, for example, some places include running up steps in an outdoor sports stadium. Currently in D.C., members meet on Wednesdays to run up the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. 大多数课程都包括跑步和深蹲等自重练习。该项目还利用了该地点的周围环境。例如，有些地方在户外体育场内设有台阶。目前在华盛顿，成员们每周三聚集在林肯纪念堂的台阶上。 

The archaeologists found the site under the jungle canopy in the southeastern state of Campeche by accident during an internet search. A PhD student spotted a radar survey posted by an environmental organisation that could peer through thick vegetation.考古学家们在一次互联网搜索中意外地在丛林树冠下发现了这处位于墨西哥东南部坎佩切州的遗址。一名博士生注意到了一个环境监测组织发布的雷达测绘图，这个雷达可以透过茂密的植被进行勘测。 Using archaeological tools, the researchers were able to see evidence of nearly 7,000 buildings and a huge city they called Valeriana. Valeriana had temple pyramids, plazas, houses, causeways and reservoirs, and may have been home to up to 50,000 people in the 9th century. Luke Auld-Thomas from Tulane University says it reveals the complexity of Mayan society. 借由考古学工具，研究人员能看到近七千栋建筑物以及一座巨大的城市存在的证据，他们把这座城市称为瓦莱里亚纳（Valeriana）。瓦莱里亚纳建有许多神庙金字塔、广场、房屋、堤道和蓄水池，并且在公元九世纪时可能有 5 万人居住在此。杜兰大学的卢克·奥尔德-托马斯表示这座城市展现了玛雅社会的复杂性。 But war, climate change and the Spanish invasion led to the demise of most Mayans. Their descendants still live in the region today, their ancient cities buried beneath their feet. 但是，战争、气候变化和西班牙的入侵导致了大多数玛雅人的死亡。玛雅人的后代如今依然生活在这个地区。他们古老的城市已经被掩埋在了他们脚下。 词汇表archaeologists 考古学家jungle canopy 丛林树冠spotted 注意到，发现了peer through 透过…看plazas 广场causeways 堤道reservoirs 蓄水池demise 死亡descendants 后代buried 掩埋

Think of the wisest person you know. What is it that makes them wise? What qualities do they have? Does wisdom mean the same for you as it does for me? All cultures value wisdom, but not all cultures agree on its definition. For some, the focus is on intelligence, while others emphasise compassionate love for others. In some cultures, a spiritual component is required to be considered wise. Are there any aspects of wisdom that all cultures can agree on? 想想你认识的最聪明的人。是什么让他们变得聪明？他们有什么品质？智慧对你和对我来说意义相同吗？所有文化都重视智慧，但并非所有文化都认同智慧的定义。对于一些人来说，重点是智力，而另一些人则强调对他人的同情心。在某些文化中，需要精神成分才能被认为是明智的。智慧的某些方面是否是所有文化都能达成共识的？ A group of 34 researchers from all over the world and from fields like psychology, philosophy and anthropology got together to explore 'Dimensions of wisdom perception across twelve countries on five continents'. The study found two characteristics that everyone – from urban university students in Peru to villagers in rural India – associated with wisdom. 来自世界各地心理学、哲学和人类学等领域的 34 名研究人员齐聚一堂，探索“五大洲 12 个国家的智慧感知维度”。研究发现，从秘鲁城市大学生到印度农村村民，每个人都与智慧相关的两个特征。The first quality a wise person must have is 'socio-emotional awareness'. This is about the ability to understand others' point of view and really care about their thoughts and feelings. However, this person must also have the second quality: 'reflective orientation', which is about using logic and past experience to make judgements. If you are mindlessly driven by emotions and don't think before you act, then you are unlikely to be perceived as wise. So, if you want to be wise, learn to both keep your cool and put yourself in others' shoes. 智者必须具备的首要品质是“社会情感意识”。这是关于理解他人观点并真正关心他们的想法和感受的能力。然而，这个人还必须具备第二个品质：“反思导向”，即运用逻辑和过去的经验来做出判断。如果你盲目地受情绪驱使，行动前不思考，那么你就不太可能被认为是明智的。所以，如果你想变得明智，就要学会保持冷静并设身处地为别人着想。 But, while this study helps us build a more unified definition of wisdom, the world is vast and cultures vary hugely. In 'The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom', the authors make an apple pie analogy, comparing pie to wisdom. Imagine your grandmother makes your favourite apple pie – she represents the wisdom you think is best. Now, imagine you take this apple pie to the Amazon rainforest, where apples don't grow. For the locals, the pie isn't as good as their own traditional desserts; they've grown up with different flavours and ingredients, just as different cultures have developed their own wisdom traditions. Ultimately, the way wisdom is experienced, shared, and valued depends on the cultural ingredients involved.但是，虽然这项研究帮助我们对智慧建立了一个更加统一的定义，但世界广阔，文化差异巨大。在《剑桥智慧手册》中，作者用苹果派来比喻，将馅饼与智慧进行比较。想象一下你的祖母做了你最喜欢的苹果派——她代表了你认为最好的智慧。现在，想象一下您将这个苹果派带到亚马逊雨林，那里不长苹果。对于当地人来说，馅饼不如他们自己的传统甜点；他们是在不同的口味和成分下长大的，就像不同的文化发展了自己的智慧传统一样。最终，智慧的体验、分享和价值方式取决于所涉及的文化成分。 词汇表quality （人的）品质compassionate 有同情心的spiritual 精神上的，心灵的anthropology 人类学perception 认知characteristic 特征awareness 意识，认知point of view 观点reflective 反思的logic 逻辑judgment 判断mindlessly 盲目地perceive 认为，视为keep one's cool 保持冷静put oneself in others' shoes 从他人的角度看问题