Dr. Eric Berg DC

When it comes to vaccine safety and side effects, we’re told to “trust the science.” In this video, we’ll examine vaccine research and uncover why so much vaccine controversy exists. Find out the truth about vaccines! Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 0:00 Introduction: The shocking truth about vaccines 0:36 Medical misinformation explained 1:00 Vaccine funding and conflict of interest 1:30 Vaccine safety studies 5:13 Astroturfing and vaccine controversy Learn to support your immune system naturally with this FREE resource: https://drbrg.co/4fG0yGK Boost immune function with vitamin D! Learn how here: https://drbrg.co/45WiLwp Don't let health jargon confuse you. This comprehensive guide can help: https://drbrg.co/3HJ1Hkj Science typically involves normal discord and disagreement, but when it comes to vaccines, opposing medical authority, such as WHO and CDC, is labeled medical misinformation. These organizations create health policy, but are often influenced by drug companies. We’re constantly told that vaccines are safe, effective, and vital for our health. When most drugs are studied for safety and effectiveness, they're tested against a placebo. Vaccine safety studies for children are not conducted in this manner! Vaccine safety studies often involve one active vaccine being tested against another, both containing adjuvants such as aluminum. No actual placebo-controlled studies have been conducted for childhood vaccines. It is considered harmful to give a placebo to children, rather than a vaccine. There have been many drugs and substances considered safe and effective that were ultimately deemed harmful. Vioxx, Paxil, trans fats, and asbestos are clear examples. Raw data from the initial release of a drug is often kept confidential. Around 87% of all Big Pharma-sponsored studies are unpublished. This means that drug companies can choose to publish only data supporting a drug's safety and effectiveness. Health policy and guidelines are then based on this deceptive information. Astroturfing involves creating fake front groups that pretend to represent public opinion. These groups include Citizens for Patient Safety, Partnership to Protect Patient Health, America's Action Network, and Doctors for America. These groups organize PR action against people like RFK Jr. Disclaimer: Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients, so he can focus on educating people as a full-time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose, and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, prescription, or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. #health #keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle #intermittentfasting #lowcarb Thanks for watching! I hope this increases your awareness about vaccine research, safety, and controversy. I’ll see you in the next video. --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What causes chronic diseases? In this video, we’re going to talk about the biggest chronic disease risk factor contributing to over 90% of chronic diseases. Learn more about the connection between chronic disease and diet, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance in this short video. Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 0:00 Introduction: The #1 cause of chronic disease 0:12 The lie about glucose 0:44 Blood sugar levels after sugar consumption 1:59 The root cause of chronic disease 2:24 Insulin resistance and the dangers of sugar 3:45 Are carbohydrates necessary? 4:01 How to reverse insulin resistance Learn how to do Healthy Keto® the right way with this FREE guide: https://drbrg.co/449XnTz Keto is easier than you think. Use these tips to stay on track: https://drbrg.co/3SOE4sx Learn more about the dangers of sugar here: https://drbrg.co/4n0nxzo Over 90% of chronic disease stems from one lie taught to doctors, dieticians, nutritionists, and personal trainers worldwide. Glucose is the body’s preferred energy source! If glucose is so good for you, why does your body do everything it can to eliminate it from your blood? The average thin person has about 100,000 calories of stored fat and only 1,700 calories of glucose. When you consume sugar, it’s removed from the blood very quickly, and the excess sugar is converted into fat. The body requires a small amount of glucose, but your body can make this small amount. The single root cause of chronic disease is high glucose! Blood sugar spikes create inflammation on the inside of the arteries, leading to chronically high insulin levels to remove the sugar. The body compensates with insulin resistance to slow down the glucose that enters the cells. Early symptoms of insulin resistance include: •Frequent urination at night •Brain fog •Loss of memory •Belly fat •Visual problems •Mood issues •Anxiety •Depression •Excessive hunger/cravings •Heart palpitations •Fluid retention in ankles and feet •Sleep apnea These initial symptoms can ultimately lead to diabetes, dementia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration. People are not taught about the dangers of sugar and carbohydrates. In fact, most people aren’t worried about their high-carbohydrate diet because the food pyramid tells us that we should consume 65% of our calories from carbohydrates. This is a lie! A low-carb diet of less than 30 grams of carbs per day is one of the best things you can do to improve your health. One study showed a 90% success rate of ceasing insulin use in 10 weeks on a low-carb diet! The food industry has created the lie that glucose is the preferred fuel because you can profit the most from refined carbohydrates! Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, age 60, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media. --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is the biggest lie about weight loss and dieting, and it’s been going on for decades! Find out the truth about weight loss and why you may want to ditch the calorie counting for good. Don’t fall for diet lies! Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 0:00 Introduction: The biggest weight loss lie 0:15 The calorie-deficit weight loss myth 0:39 Weight loss myths debunked 1:58 More weight loss facts 3:18 Why diets don’t work 4:24 Debunking diet lies about sugar 5:15 How to lose weight The weight loss industry has convinced the public that losing weight is just a matter of eating fewer calories than you're burning. There is no one bad food, and you can consume “everything in moderation”. These diet lies will not work! All calories are not the same! Let’s look at the hormone insulin, which tells calories where to go. If insulin is high, your carbohydrates will be stored as fat. If it’s low, those calories will be burned. All it takes is a small amount of carbohydrates to raise insulin and prevent your body from burning fat. Cortisol, the stress hormone, can indirectly raise your insulin. It interferes with sleep, when most of your fat burning occurs. Fiber can help buffer a blood sugar spike. Orange juice without the fiber will increase your blood sugar significantly more than whole oranges with fiber. Highly refined industrial starch is classified as a complex carbohydrate. It raises blood sugar significantly more than starch from a whole food source, such as a potato. Different types of fat affect your health in dramatically different ways. Cod liver oil is a potent source of healthy omega-3 fat, while if you were to consume the same amount of Crisco fat, the health effects would be completely opposite. You will not lose weight if your calories don’t satisfy you. Unsustainable diets leave you feeling hungry all the time. The more nutrient-dense a food is, the more satisfying it will be. The source of the calories matters! All of your cells can metabolize glucose, but only the liver can metabolize fructose. Synthetic sugars like high fructose corn syrup can overload your liver and significantly differ from natural sugar sources like honey. If you’re struggling to lose weight, realizing that calorie counting doesn’t work is essential. Healthy Keto® and intermittent fasting can help you lose weight sustainably! --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What 21 Days Without Sugar Does to Your Brain Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 7 Sep 2025 --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Download My FREE guide: First Signs of a Nutrient Deficiency 👉 https://drbrg.co/3UhIEjp Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) Just so you know, my full line of high-quality supplements is available on Amazon — search Dr. Berg Supplements. You might know that vitamin C deficiency could cause a lowered immune system. But do you know about these surprising vitamin C deficiency symptoms? Check out the Dr. Berg Chewable Vitamin C Complex here: 🛒 https://drbrg.co/3ibNL5k OR https://amzn.to/3tWES22 DATA: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352241014000188 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30666502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959991/ The #1 Top Remedy for Dental Plaque, Cavities, and Gingivitis: ▶️ https://youtu.be/950fbVKFwHM 0:00 Introduction: Signs of a vitamin C deficiency 0:10 Commonly known vitamin C deficiency symptoms 0:40 What are vitamins, and what do they do? 1:55 Lesser-known symptoms of vitamin C deficiency 3:20 Foods rich in vitamin C 4:00 Can you get enough vitamin C from juice? 8:02 Learn more about vitamin C! Let's talk about the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency you may have never heard of before. Commonly known vitamin C deficiency symptoms: • Bleeding gums • Fatigue • Loss of collagen • Lowered immune system • Increased risk of biofilms Vitamins are cofactors that work with enzymes. Without vitamins and certain minerals, important enzymes in the body can't work. When you're deficient in vitamin C your body will allocate the vitamin C you have to the essential enzymes, but not all of them. A complete lack of vitamin C is fatal. Lesser-known symptoms of vitamin C deficiency: • Hypochondria • Depression • Perifollicular hyperkeratosis • Anemia • Dry hair • Inflamed veins • Shortness of breath • Problems with adrenaline The best sources of vitamin C are fruits and vegetables. Juice, like apple juice, is not a good source of vitamin C. Juice has too much sugar and is pasteurized, which destroys natural vitamin C. Foods rich in vitamin C: • Berries • Peppers • Sauerkraut • Leafy greens Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, age 57, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan, and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media. Follow Me On Social Media: Facebook: https://bit.ly/FB-DrBerg Instagram: https://bit.ly/IG-DrBerg TikTok: https://bit.ly/TikTok-DrBerg Disclaimer: Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients so he can focus on educating people as a full time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, and prescription or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. #keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle Thanks for watching! I hope this he ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How to NEVER Get Kidney Stones Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 11 Sep 2025 --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get access to my FREE resources 👉 https://drbrg.co/3UAsEdN Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) Just so you know, my full line of high-quality supplements is available on Amazon — search Dr. Berg Supplements. Learn more about distilled water and find out the top reasons to drink distilled water. 0:00 Introduction: Is distilled water healthy? 0:18 What is distilled water? 2:00 Distilled water benefits 3:43 Is distilled water bad for you? 4:50 Can you drink distilled water while fasting? 6:27 Find out how much water to drink! Today we’re going to talk about distilled water—what it is and the top reasons to drink distilled water. Distilled water is basically pure H2O without any impurities, toxins, or minerals. The pH of distilled water is completely neutral, and it has some interesting benefits. If you want to start drinking distilled water, it would be best to make your own. Health benefits of distilled water: 1. It can help remove certain toxins 2. It can help remove deposits of certain minerals from your joints, arteries, and other tissues 3. It can help reduce the risk of kidney stones or gallstones If you drink distilled water, it’s important to put the minerals that you need back into your body. You could do this by taking electrolytes with your distilled water. It’s also crucial to consume foods that are high in minerals. Drinking distilled water while fasting is a great idea because it can help remove toxins from your body. Just be sure to have plenty of electrolytes. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, age 57, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan, and is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media. Follow Me On Social Media: Facebook: https://bit.ly/FB-DrBerg Instagram: https://bit.ly/IG-DrBerg TikTok: https://bit.ly/TikTok-DrBerg Disclaimer: Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients so he can focus on educating people as a full time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, and prescription or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. #keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle Thanks for watching! I hope this helps increase your awareness of the top reasons to drink distilled water. I’ll see you in the next video. --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is snake oil? Is it the most ignored superfood, or just another health scam? In this video, we’ll uncover the truth about snake oil and find out which health scams you should be on the lookout for. Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 0:00 Introduction: The snake oil salesman 2:42 Health scams 4:20 Psychiatric diagnoses and medications 7:00 The benefits of snake oil Discover more natural remedies that actually work with this FREE resource: https://drbrg.co/45YXRgb Learn more about the dangers of seed oils here: https://drbrg.co/47CwIRm These ingredients are marketed as good, but should be avoided: https://drbrg.co/4fPG7au When people think of snake oil, they often think of the snake oil salesman. In the 1800s, people would sell “snake oil” for pain, arthritis, and digestive issues, and developed a bad reputation for peddling products that were fraudulent or didn’t actually work. Clark Stanley is one of the most well-known sellers of snake oil for arthritis. The government tested his snake oil, and it was found that it didn’t contain any snake oil at all. This gave other natural remedies a bad reputation. Real snake oil was shipped from China, where railroad workers used it for arthritis. It was derived from a specific type of Chinese water snake. Health scams like those of the snake oil salesmen of the past seem to still be going on! Big Pharma has been involved in numerous criminal fraud cases, resulting in 100 billion dollar settlements! Many drugs are considered safe and effective, but are suddenly found to be dangerous. The benefits of drugs are exaggerated, and the side effects are minimized. In some cases, as with vaccines, Big Pharma is not liable for harm or negative side effects. So it seems, Big Pharma is the new snake oil salesman! Real snake oil is one of the richest sources of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA. EPA can change pro-inflammatory factors into anti-inflammatory factors. Snake oil benefits include the following: •Potent anti-inflammatory properties •Natural anti-depressant •Decreases risk of heart attack by 25% •Decreases risk of fibrosis •Increases insulin sensitivity •Decreases risk of autoimmunity •Decreases tumors Snake oil can also be used topically! Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, age 60, is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the Director of Dr. Berg Nutritionals and author of the best-selling book The Healthy Keto Plan. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media. Disclaimer: Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients, so he can focus on educating people as a full-time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose, and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, prescription, or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. #health #keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle #intermittentfasting #lowcarb Thanks for watching! ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The #1 BEST Food to Remove FAT from the LIVER Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 21 May 2025 --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Big Magnesium MISTAKE 50%+ People Are Making Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 24 May 2025 --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Shocking Truth About Vaccines Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 23 Aug 2025 --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After watching this interview with Dr. Catherine Shanahan, you’ll want to avoid seed oils forever. In this video, you’ll find out about the dangers of seed oils and the potent effect these toxic oils can have on your health. Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) 0:00 Introduction: The toxic effects of seed oils 0:38 Welcome, Dr. Cate Shanahan! 3:05 Seed oil dangers explained 4:58 How seed oils are made 6:40 The health effects of seed oils 14:05 Seed oils and insulin resistance 16:54 How to avoid seed oils 17:56 Healthy alternatives to seed oil DARK CALORIES BOOK LINK: https://www.amazon.com/Dark-Calories-... Please join me in welcoming Dr. Catherine Shanahan, author of “Dark Calories”. Dr. Shanahan graduated from medical school in 1994. She explains that doctors only learn a limited amount of information about nutrition. Her book “Dark Calories” explains that addressing the root cause of health problems can improve chronic health conditions. Seed oils are problematic because they initiate the formation of toxins. Seed oils are also rancid, and their rancidity often goes undetected. They are unstable fatty acids that have been refined, bleached, deodorized, and lack any nutritional value whatsoever. Seed oils are made with heat and pressure. Through the manufacturing process, toxins continue to develop, multiply, and change. Cooking and reheating with these toxic oils creates more toxins. Seed oils cause oxidation and free radicals, both of which destroy our cellular membranes and cellular health. The good news about seed oils is that removing them from your diet is one of the most powerful things you can do for your health. Dr. Shanahan explains that she knew there was a problem after seeing children with more health problems than their great-grandparents. She then diligently researched what could be causing these health problems: the answer was seed oils. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fats from seed oils can significantly damage the mitochondria and are also stored in fat cells. Seed oil consumption is at the root of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases. Dr. Shanahan recommends olive oil, butter, coconut oil, peanut oil, and sesame oil as alternatives to seed oils. --- ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Mark Richards Website: https://www.myhormonetherapy.com/ Watch this episode next: Reset Your Body in 5 Days (With Zero Food) Book Link: https://www.nobodywantsyouhealthy.com/ Low testosterone levels are at an all-time high! Plastics and other chemicals in the environment are causing low testosterone in men and women, which can have detrimental health consequences. Watch this fascinating interview with Dr. Mark Richards, one of the top experts in testosterone therapy, as we address low testosterone symptoms, causes, and solutions. 0:00 Introduction: Plastics and low testosterone levels 0:26 Side effects of testosterone replacement therapy 1:00 How to increase testosterone with testosterone therapy 4:00 Testosterone injections vs. testosterone pellets 5:13 Testosterone pellet side effects 5:43 Low testosterone levels 7:34 Testosterone therapy for women 8:40 The benefits of testosterone therapy 10:40 Iodine, zinc, and testosterone Dr. Mark Richards Website: https://www.myhormonetherapy.com/ Book Link: https://www.nobodywantsyouhealthy.com/ Please join me in welcoming Dr. Mark Richards, one of the leading experts in testosterone replacement therapy. There are many environmental causes of low testosterone, including plastics, forever chemicals, pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides. If you’ve been exposed to too many chemicals, your cells that make testosterone will be affected! On average, population testosterone levels today are 60% lower than in the 1970s. Many of the negative side effects associated with testosterone therapy, such as heart attack and stroke, have been unfounded and removed from warning labels by the FDA. Testosterone creams only increase testosterone to a therapeutic level about 20% of the time and only for a few hours. Testosterone injections create a massive spike in testosterone, which also increases estrogen, leading to irritability and aggression. Testosterone pellets are compressed pure testosterone placed in the fat tissue through the skin and are highly effective at addressing low testosterone in men and women. In his 17 years of experience, Dr. Richards has found that fat cells effectively absorb testosterone and release it as your body needs it. This allows for a more stable release of testosterone that lasts for 4 months in men and 3 months in women. Testosterone pellets are 100% testosterone made using cholesterol from yams. There are not many side effects associated with testosterone pellets. Disclaimer: Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients, so he can focus on educating people as a full-time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose, and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, prescription, or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. #health #keto #ketodiet #weightloss #ketolifestyle #intermittentfasting #lowcarb Thanks for watching! I hope this increases your awareness about the benefits of testosterone therapy and the epidemic ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices