Do you really know?

What is antibiotic-free meat? You may not have realised, but when you’re eating a chicken leg or steak, you may also be consuming antibiotics. That’s still the case despite a growing trend of not using antibiotics, due to the dangers posed by antibiorestistance. Recent research by Food ID found that animals at some American livestock farms tested positive for antibiotics, despite having been labelled as “Raised without Antibiotics”. The findings, which were published in Science magazine, have called into question labelling programs and are a reminder that it’s hard to be sure exactly what’s in the food we eat. How do antibiotics end up in food anyway? How serious are the health risks? Aren’t there rules to limit the use of antibiotics in livestock animals? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is a migraine? What is deep ecology? What is Seinfeld? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the Chernobyl exclusion zone? It’s just over 36 years since the worst nuclear disaster in history. On April 26th 1986, reactor number 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded. Following the accident, an exclusion zone of around 1,000m2 was established by the Soviet army. It covers the areas most affected by radioactive contamination, including the city Prypiat situated 2 miles away. Built in the 1970s to house workers from the nuclear plant, it was seen as a model Soviet metropolis, but became a ghost town when its 50,000 inhabitants were evacuated. Does the exclusion zone still exist today? So can humans go inside the Chernobyl exclusion zone nowadays? What about temporary visits? Will people be able to live in Chernobyl again one day? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the insider-outsider theory? What is stalkerware? Who is Alexei Navalny? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is a migraine? These pulsing headaches are known for affecting quality of life in a high number of people. They’re one of the most common disorders in the world, with the WHO suggesting at least 1 in 7 people have migraines across the world. If you’re lucky enough not to get migraines, don't underestimate how debilitating they can be for some people. They’re far from being simple headaches. What's the difference then? How are migraines treated? Are there any options which don’t involve taking medication? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is deep ecology? What is Seinfeld? What is a troll farm? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is critical thinking? Critical thinking is the intellectual process of evaluating information, thinking clearly and rationally as a guide to belief and action. You could see it as an attitude whereby no statement or piece of information is accepted as true or false, without first being carefully analysed. Simplistic conflations, generalisations and preconceptions are all challenged, as is any kind of statement made without evidence. Critical thinking has its roots in the teachings of ancient Greek philosophers Socrates and Plato. Throughout history, philosophers like Francis Bacon, René Descartes and Emmanuel Kant have used it to create the basis for methodical thought. So how do I go about becoming a critical thinker then? What about religion? Surely it can’t be possible for religious beliefs and critical thinking to coexist, can it? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the postpartum period? What is ketamine? What is burnout? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is The Office? It has gained revived popularity since the dawn of the streaming era, becoming the most watched series on Netflix US in 2020, with 57 billion minutes streamed. But the Office was already a new generation sitcom classic well before making its way onto the platform. The first episode was released on NBC back in May 2005. What made The Office stand out? How did the US version go on to be so successful? What about the other characters? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Seinfeld? What is a troll farm? What is the perineum? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is deep ecology? Today is Earth Day, so let’s talk about a philosophy that promotes the worth of all living beings on our planet, regardless of whether they cater to our human needs. Deep ecology was theorised by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in the 1970. He published his original paper on the subject in a 1973 edition of Inquiry journal. The article was entitled “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movements: A Summary.” It introduced the deep ecology philosophy, and distinguished it from what Naess called shallow environmentalism. Isn’t trying to fight against pollution and the depletion of natural resources a good thing? Is deep ecology a militant movement? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Seinfeld? What is a troll farm? What is the perineum? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is solastalgia? Solastalgia is the distress we feel when our local environment is transformed, mainly due to climate change. These transformations can have an effect on people’s mental health. So are we all doomed to suffer from solastalgia as the earth’s temperature rises? Climate change is so omnipresent in our daily lives, that it can create a certain anxiety. For some people, this gets so intense that they become depressed, like Greta Thunberg after watching a documentary on polar bears. All over the world, climate-related anxiety is increasing. In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Seinfeld? Let’s talk about American TV’s most lucrative sitcom ever, a show which generated over $3bn. To give you some more numbers, it lasted 9 years from 1989 through to 1998, taking in 9 seasons and 180 twenty-three minute episodes. A 2012 poll by Vanity Fair magazine declared Seinfeld the best sitcom of all time, but in Europe, it has never managed to match the success and popularity of other American sitcoms like Friends or How I met your mother. So what’s the show about? Why is it such a cult hit? Why didn’t Seinfeld succeed outside of the United States? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is a troll farm? What is the perineum? Who is Rosalia? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is environmental amnesia? Why are we so slow to become aware of climate change and act against it? The explanation may lie in our brains, which are affected by environmental amnesia. This term was invented in 1999 by American psychologist Peter H. Khan. He theorised that humans were forgetting the history of the environment, or more accurately becoming used to its degradation from generation to generation. I guess it’s hard to ‘forget’ something you’ve never seen yourself! So why does this happen then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is a troll farm? Trolls have been around for as long as the internet, but in recent years they've been getting professionalised. Indeed, companies have actually been set up with the specific aim of creating and spreading fake news online. Such organisations are known as troll farms or troll factories, and Russia has been home to some of the most prominent. Based in the city of St Petersburg, its Internet Research Agency is perhaps the most well-known and influential in the world. More worrying still, these keyboard armies often operate at the behest of governments, for propaganda purposes. Needless to say, since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February, troll farms have been highly active in spreading disinformation. When did troll farms first appear? How did we find out about the Internet Research Agency's actions? How do troll farms operate? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the perineum? Who is Rosalia? What is deepfake democracy? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is the Green New Deal? The Green New Deal is a proposed package of legislation in the United States, designed to tackle climate change. It was introduced by Democrats and could revolutionise the American economy, if it is ever put into practice. If the name “Green New Deal” sounds familiar, it’s likely because it refers to President Roosevelt’s New Deal of the 1930s. That consisted of a series of public works programs and financial reforms, aiming to revive the economy in response to the Great Depression of 1929. To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the perineum? The perineum is a surface region of the body which stretches from the pubic arch to the coccyx. It's actually kind of like a hammock, in that it supports our organs, including the rectum and bladder, as well as the vagina and uterus for women. It's also useful at absorbing impact. When it's fully functional, the perineum tenses and relaxes like any muscle. The problem is it tends to get weaker and droop downwards as we get older, or in other specific cases, like after a pregnancy, or if a person has chronic constipation. There are also risk factors to bear in mind, including being overweight, having allergies or asthma, and regularly carrying heavy loads. How can I know if my perineum is losing its tone? Well I’m in good shape, so I shouldn’t have to worry about my perineum, should I? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Rosalia? What is deepfake democracy? What is environmental racism? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is an ecocide? An ecocide is a term for an act that causes significant damage to the environment or ecosystems. It comes from the Greek word éoikios, meaning home, and the Latin word caedere, meaning kill. In theory individuals, companies and states could be brought to justice for committing such acts. It’s not recognised as a crime in many places, but France is currently looking at passing a law to do just that. The term was first used in the early 1970s in response to strategic deforestation by the American military in Vietnam, carried out with a herbicide called Agent Orange. This was used as a chemical weapon to destroy the forest cover and food resources relied on by Vietnamese guerilla fighters. So what’s caused the French to consider making ecocide a crime? What’s going on elsewhere then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is IQ? What is Fintech? What is GAFAM? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is melatonin? The hormone melatonin is produced naturally by the body at nighttime, in response to darkness. It's nicknamed the sleep hormone due to its role in our Circadian rhythm, getting us ready to go to sleep in the evening. It's secreted by the pineal gland, located at the back of the brain, and then released into the bloodstream. In the morning, another hormone called cortisol takes over and transitions us into wakefulness. Can't you also get melatonin supplements? Great; I’m off to the pharmacy then! In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Rosalia? What is deepfake democracy? What is environmental racism? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is biomass? Biomass is organic matter, mainly coming from plants or animals, used for energy production. European governments consider biomass to be the world’s main source of renewable energy. But some NGOs have refused to agree that biomass is green energy. If petrol is liable to disappear, have we finally found a sustainable alternative? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is carbon footprint? Postponed for a year because of Covid-19, COP26 meets in Scotland from October 31 to November 12. A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by the energy and raw material consumption of a person, organisation or event. It is measured in the volume of CO2 emitted. Per capita emissions in the USA are estimated at around 16 tons per year. That includes CO2 produced directly by an individual’s household, and emissions created by products they consume. The rough split is 70/30 between the two. It’s a bit of a vague calculation though, isn’t it? But it must be pretty darn difficult to place an accurate value on the impact of all living beings in a country? How can I reduce my own footprint? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the metaverse? What is Netflix? What is Tinder? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is war rape? In a report published on 3rd April, international NGO Human Rights Watch made allegations of "war crimes" carried out by Russian soldiers against civilians in occupied areas of Ukraine. These included executions, violence, threats and war rape, which is the subject of today’s episode. Since the start of the war, accounts have begun to emerge, with the truth being brought to light by victims and witnesses. A woman from a village near to Kharkiv told how she had been beaten, cut with a knife and repeatedly raped by a Russian soldier. Why does war lead to more rapes? How far back do the first records of war rape go? How is war rape punished? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Rosalia? What is deepfake democracy? What is environmental racism? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Earth Day falls on 22nd April, and to mark this important date, Do You Really Know is rerunning a series of episodes about environmental issues affecting our planet. Let's take a refresher on some of the terms and concepts you need to be familiar with, in order to understand climate change. Happy listening! What is carbon neutrality? All over the world, states are committing to reaching carbon neutrality in coming decades. That means achieving net zero CO2 emissions, by not emitting more than what planet Earth is able to absorb. If humanity doesn’t manage it, climate change could quickly become irreversible. We’re already feeling the effects of global warming through heatwaves, rising water levels, flooding, mudslides and loss of biodiversity. And it’s only just getting started, unless humanity manages to follow the IPCC’s recommendations to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. That’s what 195 countries signed up for with the 2016 Paris Agreement. One of the main ways of meeting that target is through carbon neutrality. Does that mean we’ll totally stop emitting CO2? How close are we to reaching that balance right now? That’s a lot of work to do, in not a lot of time! How on earth are we going to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050? ? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen the last episodes, you can click here: What is a non-essential shop? What are incels? What is blasphemy? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Rosalia? Following the release of her latest album Motomami, Rosalia Vila Tobella was called a visionary and compared to artists like M.I.A. and Madonna by the Wall Street Journal. It’s fair to say she seems destined to be one of the biggest pop stars of her generation. So let’s take a moment to discuss the career of a singer who is winning critical and popular acclaim with everything she does. How did she get to where she is today? Well, where do you go from there huh?! In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is deepfake democracy? What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is deepfake democracy? On 9th March, opposition leader Yoon Suk Yeol won the 2022 South Korean presidential election. His campaign stood out through a fascinating and creative use of deepfake technology. Think back to our previous episode on the subject of deepfakes. You’ll remember it’s an online media technique which consists of creating realistic but fake visual content through deep learning and artificial intelligence. How was it used in Yoon’s campaign? Was the strategy behind Yoon’s success in the election? Could it also be a threat to democracy? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is dissociative identity disorder? What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is dissociative identity disorder? Still to this day, this psychological condition is most often referred to by its previous name: multiple personality disorder. That’s in particular down to exaggerated representations in popular culture like books, TV or cinema. Some prominent examples are the story of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho or, more recently, Split. Experts have criticised the use of DID as a plot device in such representations, saying they often confuse it with other disorders like psychosis or schizophrenia. They also perpetuate certain myths about people with mental illnesses. These include the idea that they are usually dangerous or have flamboyant personalities. So what is DID really like then? Doesn’t that happen to everyone? Where does it come from? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is environmental racism? What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is environmental racism? We’ve covered a lot of environmental issues on Do You Really Know? so regular listeners will be well aware of how the climate crisis is affecting the whole planet. But it’s important to also note how these problems don’t affect everyone equally. People in developing countries, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, are already feeling the impact on their income, physical health and surrounding environment. That’s despite industrialised countries having contributed far more to global warming overall. What kind of environmental problems are we talking about exactly? Do you have any concrete examples? What about on an international level? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What are plant milks? Who is Scrooge McDuck? What is permafrost? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What are plant milks? Plant milks have been all the rage for a number of years now, and they’re gradually taking up more and more space on supermarket shelves, to the detriment of animal milks. In 2020, British shoppers spent £100m more on plant milks compared to the previous year, according to research from Mintel. That was a rise of over 30%, demonstrating their growing popularity. But these products aren’t really milks, are they? Are they really better from a nutritional point of view? Is it true that plant milks are better for the environment? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Scrooge McDuck? What is permafrost? What is survivalism? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is HAARP ? The acronym HAARP stands for High Frequency Auroral Research Program. It’s an American research project dedicated to analysing the ionosphere. HAARP is funded by the American armed forces, and has been the target of conspiracy theorists since the 1990s. They believe the program is responsible for natural disasters and mind-controlling radio waves. The ionmmm osphere is a layer of the Earth’s upper atmosphere, from around 37 miles to 620 miles in altitude. Its characteristics are complex and varied due to solar activity. It is of interest to scientists studying the atmosphere, as well as armed forces, as it plays an important role in radio wave propagation. In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who are the Red Hot Chili Peppers? What is survivalism? What is Swedish neutrality? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is hay fever? The start of spring is often synonymous with the appearance of hay fever and you may have already started feeling the first signs. Also known as seasonal allergic rhinitis, it’s caused by exposure to certain pollen in the air. Hay fever affects over 15% of the population according to New Scientist magazine, and incidence has reached as high as 30% among adults in the UK. Furthermore, it seems to be becoming more and more common, due to factors like global warming and atmospheric pollution which are increasing pollen concentration. How can you recognise hay fever? What can be done to reduce symptoms? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Scrooge McDuck? What is permafrost? What is survivalism? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Scrooge McDuck? In 2022, the richest, brightest and wiliest of all ducks is celebrating the 75th anniversary of his creation. Uncle Scrooge is one of the most well-known Disney characters, and brings back childhood memories of watching cartoons for many of us. What's so unique about Scrooge McDuck? When did Disney create the Scrooge character? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who are the Red Hot Chili Peppers? What is survivalism? What is Swedish neutrality? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is permafrost? Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for two years or more. It’s made up of soil, rocks and sand, and held together by ice. In some places, this ground layer formed over 100,000 years ago, and can reach several miles in depth. Around 24% of land in the Northern Hemisphere has permafrost underneath it, according to the US National Snow and Ice Data Center. It’s mostly found in Arctic countries, in places like Russia, Canada and Alaska. As planet Earth’s climate warms, this permafrost is thawing, an alarming situation which is already having a dramatic impact. What’s happening to the permafrost then? How does that affect the rest of us who don’t live in those regions? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is survivalism? What is Swedish neutrality? What is the Ukrainian International Legion? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who are the Red Hot Chili Peppers? With their new album Unlimited Love having been released on 1st April, let’s talk about the famous Californian funk rock group. The band has cited many influences, and they have been associated with a number of musical genres, including funk rock, alternative rock and rap rock. The Red Hot Chili Peppers unique style is precisely one of their distinctive characteristics. So where does the name come from? Why did the band members change so often? How would you describe the Red Hot Chili Peppers musical style? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Swedish neutrality? What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Who is Sonic? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is survivalism? This social movement is all about proactively preparing for a wide range of emergencies. You could call it a pessimistic outlook, thinking it’s necessary to prepare for the worst. But there are more and more survivalists out there, with profiles and political views that vary radically. Survivalism first emerged in 1960s America, when against the backdrop of the Cold War, and the apparent threat of nuclear conflict between the United States and Russia. Many books on survival were published, some of which went on to become bestsellers. Economic crises and major tragedies only led to the movement growing further through to the early 2000s. Are survivalists those weirdos who lock themselves up in bunkers armed to the teeth with weapons? Are we really going to put all those people in the same basket? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Swedish neutrality? What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Who is Sonic? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Swedish neutrality? Sweden’s neutrality policy is well-known in the field of international relations. It has allowed the country to go over two centuries without being at war. That makes it the nation which has had the longest period of peace. So Sweden isn’t part of any military alliance, and doesn’t take sides when wars break out. Other European countries like Austria and Switzerland also take a similar position, although it’s certainly being put to the test by Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. How did Sweden’s neutrality start out? How can Sweden remain neutral while being a member of the EU? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Who is Sonic? What is sign singing? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is conversion therapy? Boris Johnson's UK government on March 31, 2022 dropped its ban on conversion therapies, which claim to change a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. In the midst of the scandal surrounding pedocriminality within the Catholic Church, conversion therapies have been voted to be banned in France on October 5, 2021. Conversion therapy, also known as homotherapy, is a pseudoscientific practice that seeks to convert homosexuals to heterosexuality, or at least encourage them to be abstinent. Largely pushed by religious groups, this kind of therapy is still growing in Europe and America. The practices are not only ineffective, but can also be dangerous. OK so it’s mainly a thing in religious or conservative countries, is it? So does it actually work? Can you change someone’s sexual orientation? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Who is Sonic? What is sign singing? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the Blue Marble? It’s been fifty years since humans last went to the moon, as part of the Apollo 17 space mission. The mission also brought one of the world’s most iconic and widely reproduced photographs, the Blue Marble. It was taken by one of the crew members using a Hasselblad Data Camera on 7th December 1972 capturing Planet Earth from over 25,000 miles away. How did it get the name? So are you saying no one has managed to take a similar picture since 1972? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Who is Sonic? What is sign singing? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the Ukrainian International Legion? Since the invasion of Ukraine began on 24th February 2022, governments have been reluctant to send troops into the warzone, despite expressing outrage at Russian aggression. Nevertheless, media reports have shed light on the thousands of foreign citizens, mostly men, leaving worried families behind to travel to Ukraine. On the ground, they’re fighting, providing first aid and helping displaced people leave the country. In the days following the start of the invasion, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky created the country’s International Legion and appealed to foreign nationals to join. Where are all these volunteer soldiers coming from? So why are they risking their lives for a war not involving their home country? Are volunteers actually allowed to leave their home country to go to war? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Sonic? What is sign singing? What is temporary protection? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Sonic? As fast and cocky as ever before, Sonic is set to return to cinema screens this week with the release of Sonic 2. We all know that the small blue hedgehog originally started out as a video game star. So just how did the face of Japanese game studio SEGA end up becoming such a major figure in pop culture? Tell me about Sonic the Hedgehog’s beginnings. How was he created? Was the first game well received? How did Sonic manage to survive that setback? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is sign singing? What is temporary protection? What are the Minsk Agreements? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is sign singing? Deafness is known for being an invisible disability, which can lead to exclusion and loneliness. According to a Human Rights Watch article from 2019, 70 million deaf people across the world use sign language to communicate. Well sign singers take that one step further, by adapting song lyrics into sign language for the deaf and hard of hearing. How do sign singers translate music? Where does it come from? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is temporary protection? What are the Minsk Agreements? What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is temporary protection? According to United Nations estimates from just over a week ago, more than 10 million Ukrainians have fled their homes since the start of the Russian invasion in February 2022. 3.4 million of them have left Ukraine, with 90% being women and children given that all men under 60 are required to stay and defend their country. It’s been described as the “fastest growing refugee crisis since the Second World War”, by the UN’s High Commissioner for Refugees. What rights and provisions does it grant? Is this a new EU policy then? What about refugees from elsewhere? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What are the Minsk Agreements? What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? What is myopia? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What are the Minsk Agreements? The main aim of the 2014 and 2015 Minsk Agreements was to prevent war in Europe, but they were repeatedly breached over the years, and eventually became obsolete when Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022. Fighting broke out in Ukraine’s Donbas region in early 2014, opposing pro-Russian separatists and the Ukrainian army. How did the Agreements come to be signed? What was actually in the agreements? Are we saying the Agreements no longer stand then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? What is myopia? What is nuclear deterrence? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Alexei Navalny? Alexei Navalny was sentenced on Tuesday 22 March 2022 to an additional nine years in prison after being found guilty of fraud and contempt of court. In late March 2021, Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny began a hunger strike in his prison cell. A few weeks later he was transferred to a prison hospital, with his allies declaring he was “close to dying”. Thousands of protesters took to the streets of Moscow, St Petersburg and over 40 other cities. Police arrested over 1700 people. At the same time, UN human rights experts called for Navalny to be evacuated from the country. They said his life was in “serious danger” due to harsh prison conditions and inadequate medical care. What can you tell me about Navalny’s background? What’s happened to Navalny since the Novichok poisoning? Will international pressure have any impact? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Wagner Group? What is the Azov Battalion? What is Crimea? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is an oil shock? The day Russian forces invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the price of crude oil surged over the $100 a barrel mark for the first time since 2014. Soon, economic sanctions would be announced against Russia, with buyers shunning exports from the world’s third largest oil producing country. For over a century, oil has been both a fuel and a barometer for the world economy. But it can also be a double-edged sword as Western countries found out in the 1970s. At the start of the 1970s, the post-war boom was coming to an end. From 1971 onwards, things started going downhill, and oil ended up being at the heart of an unprecedented economic and geopolitical crisis. How did the 1973 crisis come around? How did the oil-dependent Western countries react? What is the current situation, given Russia’s invasion of Ukraine? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? What is myopia? What is nuclear deterrence? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? According to the World Health Organisation, harmful use of alcohol accounts for 3 million deaths each year. Indeed, it’s the third leading cause of preventable death, and causes a large burden for societies across the world. Of course regular alcohol consumption doesn’t always kill, but it can lead to other health problems, including neurological disorders. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is one such example. It’s the combination of Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome. Both are linked to vitamin B1 deficiency. What are the symptoms of this syndrome? How does it develop? Are there any forms of treatment? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is myopia? What is nuclear deterrence? What is the Wagner Group? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is myopia? According to a 2019 study from the Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science journal, almost 60% of all humans will have some form of myopia by 2050. That means as many as 5 billion people will be short-sighted, unable to clearly see objects more than 5 yards away. And that’s not at all; already one in three people suffer from myopia, a figure which rises to nearly 50% in some parts of east Asia! Some observers have labelled myopia an epidemic and researchers believe the increase is largely linked to lifestyle factors. We’re spending less time outdoors and more time on intense close up viewing activities. I thought myopia was a hereditary condition What does daylight have to do with it? Is myopia a serious condition? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is nuclear deterrence? What is the Wagner Group? What is the Azov Battalion? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is nuclear deterrence? Three days after his army invaded Ukraine, Russian president Vladimir Putin announced he was raising his country’s military nuclear deterrence threat level. He justified the move by citing the economic sanctions placed on Russia by the West, as well as what he called “aggressive statements” from NATO. Isn’t the idea of deterrence forces a contradiction? Which countries actually have nuclear weapons? Which countries actually have nuclear weapons? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Wagner Group? What is the Azov Battalion? What is Crimea? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the Wagner Group? In late February 2022, The Times revealed that members of Russian paramilitary Wagner Group had been sent to Ukrainian capital Kyiv with the mission of assassinating president Volodymyr Zelensky. Indeed, Zelensky himself claimed that he was the number one target during a speech on 25th February, just a day after the Russian invasion had begun. The Times said 400 private military contractors from the secretive organisation had arrived in Kyiv in January, flown in from Africa. And just last Sunday, Ukraine’s defense ministry warned that further mercenaries had been sent in to target the country’s political and military leaders. What is the group’s background? Who’s behind the Wagner Group? Is the Wagner group known outside of Russia? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Azov Battalion? What is Crimea? What is Truth Social? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is the Azov Battalion? You’ve more than likely seen images of these Ukrainian fighters on social media since the Russian invasion began in late February. They can be recognised by their tattoos and Nazi emblems on their uniforms. The battalion takes its name from the Sea of Azov which is bounded by Ukraine and Russia. The neo-Nazi group are battling at the heart of the Ukrainian army, which has led to Vladimir Putin justifying Russian aggression by saying he wants to “denazify” Ukraine. Many see this as a pretext, especially when you consider that his Ukrainian counterpart Volodylyr Zelensky is himself Jewish. Is the Battalion part of the Ukrainian army then? So are they really neo Nazis? What role is the Azov Battalion playing in the ongoing conflict? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Truth Social? Who is Andy Warhol? What is NATO? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Wikileaks? On December 10th, a UK court ruled that Wikileaks founder Julian Assange could be extradited to the United States. The Australian is currently being held on remand in Belmarsh Prison for breaching the terms of his bail, but he also faces long-standing espionnage charges from the US. Those relate to the publication of secret documents on US army activity in Afghanistan, over a decade ago. That would lead to the former hacker being labelled as the US’ public enemy number one by some observers. When was Wikileaks actually created? How did the video come to light? Did Wikileaks continue to publish during that time? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Andy Warhol? What is NATO? Who is Batman? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Crimea? Crimea is a peninsula which belongs to Ukraine and lies on the Black Sea. It has a population of over 2 million people and its surface area is comparable to that of Belgium at over 10,000 square miles. To the east, it is separated from the Russian Tamar Peninsula by the Kerch Strait. According to a 2014 census carried out by Russia, 59% of Crimeans identify as Russian, compared to just 22% of Ukrainians. The rest of the population belong to the nomadic Turkish-speaking community of Tatar Muslims, who Stalin deported en masse in 1944. Between 80% and 90% of people currently living in Crimea are Russian speakers. So was the peninsula originally a Russian territory? Why is Crimea at the heart of the Russia-Ukraine conflict? How did things escalate from then? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is Truth Social? Who is Andy Warhol? What is NATO? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is Truth Social? On February 22nd, Trump Media & Technology Group launched its own social network called Truth Social, with the platform having first been announced in October 2021. Former US president Donald Trump is hoping it will be a springboard for his 2024 election campaign. Why did Trump launch his own social network then? Is Truth Social really an open platform for users to say what they want, without having their views suppressed? How successful has the Truth Social launch been so far? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: Who is Andy Warhol? What is NATO? Who is Batman? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Andy Warhol? Ryan Murphy, the creator behind hit series such as Glee and American Horror Story, has now tackled a legendary figure of pop culture through his latest project. Docuseries The Andy Warhol Diaries went live on Netflix on the 9th of March. Viewers can explore the fascinating story of American artist Andy Warhol, a man who was certainly a leading figure in pop art, and is credited by many with inventing it. Active in the second half of the 20th century, he worked with many iconic celebrities, such as Michael Jackson and Marilyn Monroe, and left a lasting influence on the art industry, for better and for worse! How would you describe Andy Warhol’s artwork? Is it true Warhol was obsessed with celebrity? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Kintsugi philosophy? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is Cinderella complex? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is emotional labour? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What is NATO? The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is an international alliance between Western countries. It was created in 1949, just a few years after the end of World War II, bringing together 12 member states from Europe and North America. The founding treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, is a political and military agreement to jointly protect the land and population of member states and thus ensure lasting peace. What’s the idea behind the NATO alliance? What’s the link with the EU then? Why has NATO been discussed so much since the Russian invasion of Ukraine began? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Kintsugi philosophy? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is Cinderella complex? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is emotional labour? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who is Batman? The Batman hit UK cinemas on March 4th, the latest in a long line of big screen appearances for the Dark Knight. The franchise has proved hugely successful. But you may be surprised to know that Batman nearly didn’t survive his early years as a comic book character. How was Batman created? Are we saying Batman used violence? How did publishers get around the issue? In under 3 minutes, we answer your questions! To listen to the last episodes, you can click here: What is the Kintsugi philosophy? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is Cinderella complex? [WOMEN'S DAY] What is emotional labour? A podcast written and realised by Joseph Chance. In partnership with upday UK. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices