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"Say cheese!" That's what the person behind the camera might shout when they want you to smile for a photo. 2025 marked the 50th anniversary of digital photography. Steve Sasson, inventor of the first digital camera in 1975, told the BBC that it looked like a 'toaster with a lens' – not like the stylish cameras we see today! By 2005, more people were buying digital cameras than film cameras, which meant that a process which used to be slow and laborious, was now quick and easy.“说奶酪！” 当相机后面的人希望你微笑拍照时，他们可能会这么喊。 2025 年是数码摄影诞生 50 周年。 1975 年第一台数码相机的发明者 Steve Sasson 告诉 BBC，它看起来像一个“带镜头的烤面包机”，与我们今天看到的时尚相机不同！ 到 2005 年，购买数码相机的人比购买胶片相机的人多，这意味着过去缓慢而费力的过程现在变得快速而简单。The 2000s brought a snap-happy era, with people now able to take hundreds, even thousands of photos a year. But what they hadn't quite worked out yet was how to store them. Back then, people used a mishmash of hard drives, USB sticks and CDs – physical storage that was at risk of loss or theft. Later came online photo sharing via social media or free online photo galleries where you can upload photos to 'the cloud'. The problem is that if you chose just one of these options for photo storage, such as an old laptop that's now broken, or a social media website that no longer exists, you may have what's called a 'black hole' in your photographic record, with no photos of life in the noughties. So, what's the advice?2000 年代带来了一个热衷于拍照的时代，人们现在每年可以拍摄数百甚至数千张照片。 但他们还没有弄清楚如何存储它们。 当时，人们使用的是硬盘驱动器、USB 记忆棒和 CD 的混合体，这些物理存储存在丢失或被盗的风险。 后来出现了通过社交媒体或免费在线照片库进行在线照片共享，您可以将照片上传到“云端”。 问题是，如果您只选择其中一种照片存储选项，例如一台已经坏了的旧笔记本电脑，或者一个不再存在的社交媒体网站，您的摄影记录中可能会出现所谓的“黑洞”，没有上世纪九十年代生活的照片。 那么，有什么建议呢？After losing an external hard drive with all her family photos, Cathi Nelson set up The Photo Managers, a company which helps people manage their photo collections. They say the best protection is their '3-2-1' rule of photo storage which involves having three copies of each photo, all in different places. One in the cloud, the second on a hard drive, and a third on a drive in a separate location, like someone else's house. If that sounds like too much work, just make sure your smartphone automatically uploads photos to the cloud, and then spare some time once a month to upload those to a hard drive. And if you're someone who takes hundreds of photos per month, it's also a good idea to regularly curate your camera roll – keep the best ones and delete the rest, so you feel more in control.在丢失了装有所有家庭照片的外部硬盘后，Cathi Nelson 成立了 The Photo Managers，这是一家帮助人们管理照片集的公司。 他们表示，最好的保护是照片存储的“3-2-1”规则，即每张照片都有三份副本，并且都位于不同的地方。 一个在云中，第二个在硬盘上，第三个在单独位置的驱动器上，比如别人的房子。 如果这听起来工作量太大，只需确保您的智能手机自动将照片上传到云端，然后每月抽出一些时间将这些照片上传到硬盘即可。 如果您每月拍摄数百张照片，那么定期管理您的相机胶卷也是一个好主意 - 保留最好的照片并删除其余的，这样您会感觉更有掌控力。The key takeaway here is that each storage method has its pitfalls, so it's better to always use two methods over just one in order to have a backup. Online platforms can be shut down, and hard drives can be lost. Just make sure your memories don't fade into the digital black hole.这里的关键要点是，每种存储方法都有其缺陷，因此最好始终使用两种方法而不是仅使用一种方法来进行备份。 在线平台可能会被关闭，硬盘可能会丢失。 只要确保您的记忆不会消失在数字黑洞中即可。

Producing Cambodian silk ikat is a time-consuming, expensive and difficult process.制作柬埔寨丝绸伊卡特是一个耗时、昂贵且困难的过程。The results are undeniably beautiful. But the challenges in the creation are driving this traditional craft towards extinction.结果无疑是美的。但创作过程中的挑战正将这一传统技艺推向消亡。Keiy Khmer Association with a team of eight weavers in Takeo province is one of the few Cambodian non-profits struggling to preserve this traditional silk ikat handicraft.位于茶胶省的Keiy Khmer Association拥有八名织工团队，是柬埔寨少数致力于保护传统丝绸伊卡特手工艺的非营利组织之一。We use imported dyes and silk. When we create a silk ikat from these materials, it is no longer Cambodian.我们使用进口染料和丝绸，当我们用这些材料制作丝绸伊卡特时，它就不再是柬埔寨风格的了。So I started this association, hoping to create something truly Cambodian by using Cambodian natural dyes from the nests of Khmer lac insects, the bark of prohut tree, malabar tree, and indigo, also known as plae.于是我创办了这个协会，希望利用高棉紫胶虫的巢穴、普罗树皮、马拉巴树皮，以及靛蓝等柬埔寨天然染料，创造出真正具有柬埔寨特色的东西。These are the four primary colors we use to mix and produce textiles and silk ikat.这些是我们用来混合制作纺织品和丝绸伊卡特染织的四种原色。The Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts says very few remaining Cambodians know how to produce traditional Cambodian silk ikat.柬埔寨文化和艺术部表示，目前会制作柬埔寨传统丝绸伊卡特的柬埔寨人已经寥寥无几。If they are old people who know how to bend the silk and tie the knot, that's very good. They are valuable human resources for our country.若是懂得缫丝结绳的老人，那便再好不过了，他们可是我国宝贵的人力资源。But the biggest existential threat is the disappearing natural raw materials.但最大的生存威胁是自然原材料的消失。Before people raised lac insects in Stung Treng province near the Laotian border, but they stopped already.以前人们在靠近老挝边境的上丁省养殖紫胶虫，但现在已经停了下来。Khmer lac may go its thing and malabar trees in various communities are being cut down and thrown away because they think there is no use for the trees.高棉紫胶虫或许能自生自灭，但各社区的马拉巴树却因人们认为其毫无用处而遭砍伐丢弃。

In the late 1920s, Hollywood producers liked coming here to the fancy Millennium Biltmore Hotel to hold business meetings.20世纪20年代末，好莱坞制片人们喜欢来这家豪华的千禧碧丽宫酒店举行商务会议。The story goes that it was here in 1927 that the studio's designer first sketched the outlook of the Oscar Statuette.据说1927年正是在这里，该工作室的设计师首次画出了奥斯卡小金人的草图。During the preliminary session of planning the Oscars, there were a couple of people in conversation talking about this event.在奥斯卡颁奖礼的策划预备会议上，有几个人在交谈中提到了这件事。And this started to scribble on a napkin and kind of draw a design above what is now the Oscar Statuette.一开始只是在餐巾纸上涂鸦，大致画出了如今奥斯卡小金人的设计草图。No one knows where the historical napkin ended up. Director of Marketing at Biltmore Hotel, Ana Segura, believes that was lost nearly hundred years ago.没人知道那张餐巾纸最后去哪里了。碧丽宫酒店营销总监安娜·塞古拉认为那张餐巾纸早在近百年前就已遗失。But the Oscar design endured. And in 1929, the first Academy Awards ceremony took place at the Roosevelt Hotel.但奥斯卡的设计经久不衰。1929年，第一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在罗斯福酒店举行。Yet years later, the ceremony moved to where it all began, the Biltmore Hotel.然而几年后，典礼举办地点转移到了碧丽宫酒店。This hall hosted the ceremony eight times, though back then, it looked a little different.这个大厅曾举办过八次典礼，不过当时它的样子和现在有些不同。This ballroom originally was built to cater to the Oscars with a grand stage.这个宴会厅最初是为了举办奥斯卡颁奖典礼而建造的，里面有一个宏大的舞台。And because of the reconstruction, the hotel went through a renovation, and so they had to downsize the ceiling.由于重建，酒店进行了翻修，因此他们不得不降低天花板的高度。Pompous receptions, breathtakingly beautiful evening gowns and tuxedos, this was the place to see and be seen in legendary old Hollywood.奢华的招待会、美轮美奂的晚礼服和燕尾服，这里曾是传奇老好莱坞名利场中争奇斗艳的秀场。Visitors can still see glimpses of it today on the pictures that adorn the hotel walls.如今，游客们仍能在装饰酒店墙壁的图片中一窥其昔日风采。This picture, that's the one with Walt Disney and Shirley Temple. The beauty about this picture is the Oscar. It's the most iconic because of the Seven Dwarfs nomination.这是华特·迪士尼和秀兰·邓波儿的合影。这张照片的亮点在于那座奥斯卡奖杯。它之所以最具标志性是因为《白雪公主和七个小矮人》的提名。Obviously he got his award, so you have seven little Oscars and then the big Oscar trophy.显然他获得了奖项，所以有七个小奥斯卡奖杯，然后还有一个大的奥斯卡奖杯。But not just Hollywood stars frequented the Biltmore Hotel.但不仅仅是好莱坞明星经常光顾碧丽宫酒店。During prohibition, the time between 1920 and 1933 when the sale and manufacture of alcohol was illegal, this place drew very different crowds.在1920年至1933年禁酒令期间，出售和生产酒是非法的，那时这个地方吸引了许多截然不同的群体。Everyone from gangsters to politicians came here to meet in a secret bar that was hidden behind this wall.从黑帮成员到政客，所有人都曾来到这堵墙后隐藏的秘密酒吧会面。High name profile ranking officials, whether there were government celebrities, it was a combination of just, you know, highly renowned name people .高知名度的高级官员，不管是不是政府政要，都是一些很有名的人。And of course, because of the prohibition era and having such a great time at some point, somebody had to get out and get away, right? And so that was the secret passage.当然，由于禁酒令的存在，人们在某个时刻玩得太过尽兴，总得有人溜出去躲一躲，对吧？于是就有了这条秘密通道。Even today, actors and producers love coming here. Jaime has been a barman here for over half a century.即使在今天，演员和制片人也喜欢来到这里。海曼在这里当酒保已经50多年了。All this time, he's been collecting autographs, pictures and incredible stories.他一直在收集签名、照片，以及许多不可思议的故事。His favorite is about how he met Al Pacino, who decided to take a stroll around the hotel wearing a black cape.他最喜欢讲的是他如何遇见阿尔·帕西诺的，当时阿尔·帕西诺披着一件黑色披风在酒店周围散步。Mr. Pacino, I almost called securities on you. He said why, because look at you. And he said well, I'm rehearsing a play at Aquinas. Oh my god! So later on, I asked him for his autograph.帕西诺先生，我差点叫保安过来。他问为什么，我说因为看看你那副样子。他说他在阿奎那排练一部戏剧。天哪！后来我向他要了签名。The Academy Award ceremony hasn't been held here for years. Its venue of choices has long been Hollywood's Dolby Theatre.奥斯卡颁奖典礼已多年未在此地举办。其首选场地一直是好莱坞的杜比剧院。But to commemorate the early days of Oscars, every February, a special themed party is held within the walls of the legendary Biltmore Hotel .但为了纪念奥斯卡的早期岁月，每年二月，传奇的碧丽宫酒店内都会举办一场特别主题派对。

ECHO was instituted in 1975, and it originally stood for "Every Citizen Has Opportunities".ECHO成立于1975年，全称是"Every Citizen Has Opportunities"。And we provide skill-building, job placement, day support, and transportation to individuals with disabilities.我们还为残疾人提供技能培训、就业安置、日间支持和交通服务。Our mission is to empower each individual to achieve their optimal level of personal, social and economic success.我们的使命是助力每个人在个人、社交及经济层面实现最佳成就。Today, we are working here at MAC Aerospace. We're working on their inventory, which is one of the jobs that we have here for our participants.如今我们在MAC Aerospace工作。我们正在清点他们的库存， 这是我们为参与者准备的工作之一。And we count the inventory, we label it, and if it needs to be re-boxed, we can re-box it as well.我们清点存货，贴上标签，如果需要的话，我们也可以重新装箱。Today, we're counting screws. Everybody has a process. Everybody does it differently.今天，我们要数螺丝钉。每个人都有自己的一套流程。每个人的工作方式都不同。So I have to come in and learn the process, and then I teach the process to the participants.我必须来学习这个过程，然后再把这个过程传授给参与者。They're capable of anything. They can do anything as long as they trained properly. And that's my job.他们什么都能做。只要训练得当，他们就能做任何事。而训练他们就是我的工作。Becky, how's it going? Are you finding every piece? Yeah? So make sure some of the smaller pieces tend to fall at the very bottom.贝基，怎么样了？每个都找到了吗？要确认一些较小的，它们通常会落在最底部。So if you need to, you can take things out and move them around, but I promise you every piece is in there,okay?如果你需要的话，可以把东西拿出来重新摆放，但我保证每一样东西都在里面，好吗？I was in Phoenix, Arizona with my parents until my parents passed away. I moved here in October, last October.在我父母去世之前，我一直和他们待在亚利桑那州的凤凰城。我是去年十月搬到这里的。We currently serve around 207 individuals with disabilities. The assessment center helps determine different aptitudes and interests.我们目前为大约207名残疾人提供服务。评估中心帮助确定人们不同的能力和兴趣。It has a number of different modules, for which we put people through in various industries.它有很多不同的模块， 我们让不同行业的人去体验这些模块。And as you saw, Amy was very good at that. She's quite skilled at rolling napkins, silverware into napkins.如你所见，艾米很擅长这个。她非常熟练于将餐具卷进餐巾里。So for instance, she might be a good fit for our hospitality, our dish washing and restaurant services.因此她可能非常适合接待、洗碗和餐厅服务工作。What is something that's not appropriate to wear to work? A bathing suit or a swim suit not appropriate.什么东西不适合穿去上班？泳衣不适合。Finding a job is a desire and a goal of theirs, not everyone. So a lot of the participants that we work with here in the Academy have expressed a desire to get a job.找工作是他们的愿望和目标，虽然不是每个人都是这样想。我们学院合作的许多参与者都表达了找工作的意愿。So we kind of work on a lot of the soft skills that is required when one gets a job. 我们主要培养一些求职时所需的软技能。

This is a slime mold. Cat Chang is an urban designer. But in her spare time, she likes to examine other life-forms.这是一种黏菌。张凯特是城市设计师。但在业余时间，她喜欢研究其他生命形式。Ever since I was a little girl, I've been interested in the natural world. We're native Hawaiian.从小我就对自然界充满兴趣，我们是夏威夷原住民。Our family and my grandmother would take me around her yard. She would show us all the plants and how you use them.家人和祖母会带我参观她的院子。她会向我们展示所有的植物以及它们的用途。And later when I was interested in learning about fungi, I didn't have anybody to help me with it. Someone suggested iNaturalist to me, and it's on your cell phone.后来我对真菌产生了兴趣，却没有人能在这方面帮助我。有人向我推荐了iNaturist，可以装在手机上。iNaturalist is a joint initiative of National Geographic and the California Academy of Sciences.iNaturalist是美国国家地理学会与加利福尼亚科学院联合发起的项目。Essentially people can take a photo of anything living, plants, animal, fungus, slime mold, put it on the website and other people identify it.本质上，人们可以给任何有生命的东西拍照，比如植物、动物、真菌、黏菌，然后把照片上传到网站上，然后由其他人来识别。The app compares the image with those already in the database to begin the identification process. But ultimately, human experts weigh in.该应用将图像与数据库中已有的图像进行比较以启动识别过程，但最终仍需由人类专家进行判断。The best part of it is there's a community of people that can also participate.最棒的是，还有一个可以参与其中的群体。It's used by scientists to collect data, and actually write papers, as well as just amateur people who are really interested in getting more involved, and caring more about nature.科学家用它来收集数据并撰写论文，同样也有纯粹出于兴趣想更深入参与、更关心自然的业余爱好者使用它。This time of year, I'm particularly looking for salamanders. And I always like to see mammals, they're one of my favorites, and birds of course. I have almost 55,000 observations. It's a lot.每年的这个时候，我特别想找到蝾螈。我一直很喜欢观察哺乳动物，它们是我最喜欢的动物之一，当然还有鸟类。我已经有近55000次观察记录了，这可不少。iNaturalist has observations from every country in the world. Right now, I believe we have over 26 million observations and about 700,000 active users.iNaturalist拥有来自世界各国的观察记录。目前，我认为我们有超过2600万条观测数据和约70万活跃用户。This collaboration across continents led recently to a surprising discovery in California:这种跨大洲的合作最近在加利福尼亚州有了一项惊人的发现：the type of giant sunfish whose normal habitat is thousands of miles to the south, an indication perhaps of a rapidly changing world.一种通常栖息地在数千英里以南的巨型翻车鱼出现在这里，这或许预示着世界正在迅速变化。

Visitors come to the U.S. Botanic Garden to enjoy the variety of plants and the peace and serenity of nature. This woman works nearby.游客们来到美国国家植物园，欣赏种类繁多的植物，感受大自然的宁静与祥和。这位女士在附近工作。Feels like a forest in a city, so I can be thinking about something else that worked for even for 5 minutes, which is sometimes very nice.仿佛置身于城市中的一片森林，让我能短暂地思考其他事情，哪怕只有五分钟，这种感觉有时真的很美妙。Located on the National Mall, the Botanic Garden is made up of 65,000 indoor and outdoor plants, some more than 165 years old.植物园位于国家广场，共有65000株室内和室外植物，其中一些已有超过165年的历史。Inside the conservatory, the greenhouse, there are rooms with plants that thrive in different environments, like this tropical room.在温室里，有适应不同环境的植物生长的房间，比如这个热带植物室。Since its beginning, visitors have been educated about the value of plants.从建园开始，植物园就一直向参观者们展示植物的价值。We still have a very important role to play in educating people about the importance of plants,在向人们普及植物重要性方面，我们仍能发挥非常重要的作用，particularly in urban audiences where people may not have a direct connection to a farm, may not understand where food in particular comes from.尤其是面向城市受众，他们可能没有亲身接触农田，可能不了解食物具体来源。One of the garden's main attractions are the 4,000 orchid plants that come from around the world.植物园的主要景点之一是来自世界各地的4000株兰花。During the annual spring orchid show, a sea of flowers bloom, including some that are endangered.在一年一度的春季兰花展期间，花海绽放，其中不乏一些濒危品种。During the Christmas season, a very popular exhibit showcases toy trains chugging through plants and structures made from plant-based materials.圣诞季期间，一个极受欢迎的展览会展示玩具火车穿梭于由植物材料制成的植物与建筑模型之间。As part of the bicentennial, the newest exhibit "Deeply Rooted, Branching Outward" highlights the scientific exploration of plants, which the garden hopes will give visitors.作为建园二百周年庆典的一部分，最新展览“深深扎根，向外延伸”着重展示了对植物的科学探索，而这正是植物园希望能带给游客的独特体验。So just a greater appreciation for plants, for plant discovery, for plant exploration.我们可以更好地观赏植物，了解植物发现，以及植物探索。The U.S. Botanic Garden is free and open every day, with more than 1 million visitors a year.美国国家植物园每天都免费开放， 每年有100多万游客。It has enlightened its guests for two centuries and will continue to for generations to come. 两个世纪以来，它一直启迪着到访的宾客，并且在未来的世代里还将继续如此。

Researchers with NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, catch a leatherback sea turtle off the coast of California.美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的研究人员在加利福尼亚海岸捕获了一只棱皮龟。The tens of millions of years old species is in serious decline, says ecologist Scott Benson.生态学家斯科特·本森说，这个已存在数千万年的物种正在急剧减少。Estimates are that the population now is about 1400 adult females remaining.据估计，目前成年雌性个体仅剩下约1400只。That's down from literally tens of thousands several decades, a few decades ago.这与几十年前动辄数以万计的数量相比已经减少了。Benson co-authored a new study that says the foraging area used by the leatherback sea turtle saw a population drop of about 80 percent in the past 30 years.本森参与合著的一项新研究指出，过去30年间，棱皮龟觅食区域内的种群数量下降了约80%。He says this is amazing given the species adaptability. The leatherback turtle is an ancient mariner.他说，考虑到该物种的适应能力，这十分令人惊讶。棱皮龟是古老的航海者。They've been around for almost as long as 80 million years in their present form, date back to the time of the dinosaurs.它们以现在的形态存在了近8000万年，其历史可以追溯到恐龙时代。It's not a poorly adapted species. They've been through all kinds of things, meteor strikes, climate changes, you name it.它们并非适应能力差的物种，经历过陨石撞击、气候变化等各种磨难。He says the smaller numbers make the species more vulnerable to outside factors, like international fishing and egg harvesting.他表示数量减少使该物种更容易受到国际捕捞和采集龟蛋等外部因素的影响。Benson's team puts transmitters on turtles so their fishing fleets can avoid them.本森的团队给海龟装上发射器，这样他们的渔船就能避开这些海龟。He says his team is doing what it can to boost the rapidly dwindling numbers.他说他的团队正在尽其所能来使迅速减少的数量回弹。We're down to the remnants right now so any little thing now could potentially disrupt it. So we have just very little time to turn around.剩下的数量不多了，所以现在任何小事都有可能破坏局面。我们能够扭转局面的时间不多了。All seven species of the leatherback are in trouble, but the new study focuses on the western pacific variety,所有七种棱皮龟都面临困境，但这项新研究主要关注西太平洋种群，which migrates more than 11,000 kilometers from Indonesia and the Solomon Islands to the US west coast to feast on jellyfish.它们会从印度尼西亚和所罗门群岛迁徙超过1.1万公里，前往美国西海岸享用水母。NOAA recently released a new action plan calling for greater international cooperation.NOAA最近发布了一项新的行动计划，呼吁加强国际合作。

Research published Monday shows a strong correlation between rising sea surface temperatures and a roughly 50 percent drop worldwide in the total number of open water species in just 40 years.周一发表的研究显示，海洋表层水温上升与全球开放水域物种总量在短短40年内骤减约50%存在显著关联。In geological history this is a blink, so it's just a wink of an eye.在地质史上，这只是一瞬间，不过是一眨眼的工夫。And to see such rapid changes or such changes over occurring so rapidly is something that's astonishing I would say.看到如此迅速的变化，我真的觉得非常震惊。Researcher and ecologist Sebastian Ferse says coral reefs have begun moving north and south toward the poles, a sign they're adapting to warmer waters.研究员兼生态学家锡巴斯琴·费尔斯表示，珊瑚礁已开始向南北两极方向迁移，这一迹象表明它们正在适应变暖的水域。But he questions if the shift can happen fast enough to adjust to the changing climate.但他质疑这种转变是否能足够迅速地适应气候变化。The species that can easily move have largely done so, says researcher Chhaya Chaudhary.研究员恰雅·乔杜里表示，那些容易迁移的物种大部分已经完成了迁徙。We found that almost all the marine species are moving away from the equator.我们发现几乎所有的海洋生物都在离开赤道区域。And they are accumulating in the subtropics and that's where we have higher peak in the species diversity.它们正在亚热带地区积聚，而那里正是物种多样性达到高峰的地方。Conservation scientist Stuart Pimm says the study by the National Academy of Sciences shows broad trends that demand attention.保护科学家斯图亚特·皮姆表示，美国国家科学院的研究揭示了需要引起广泛关注的总体趋势。What we're doing to the planet is causing an enormous amount of disruption in all sorts of ways. And I think we have to get a handle on that.我们对地球的所作所为正在以各种方式造成巨大的破坏。我认为我们必须解决这个问题。Pimm says scientists need more data and details to study growing concerns about the food chain.皮姆说，科学家需要更多的数据和细节来研究人们对食物链日益增长的担忧。Experts say biodiversity is an essential component to nutritional food.专家表示，生物多样性是营养食品的重要组成部分。The World Wildlife Fund says approximately three billion people worldwide rely on proteins, fished, farmed or caught in the water.世界野生动物基金会表示，全球约有30亿人依赖从水中捕捞、养殖或捕获的蛋白质。

How do you fancy being up a mountain at a height of around 3,000 metres with the temperature below zero, snow underfoot, variable weather, racing up and downhill? This is how some athletes will be competing in this year's winter Olympics.爬上海拔3000米左右的高山，零下零下的气温，脚下积雪，天气多变，上坡下坡，你感觉如何？ 这就是一些运动员参加今年冬季奥运会的方式。Skimo, short for ski mountaineering, is the newest winter Olympic sport and will debut at the 2026 games in Milan-Cortina. It combines Alpine skiing with mountaineering and is a race against time where athletes are required to ascend and descend mountainous terrain using skis and other specialised equipment.Skimo 是滑雪登山运动的缩写，是最新的冬季奥运会运动项目，并将在 2026 年米兰-科尔蒂纳奥运会上首次亮相。 它结合了高山滑雪和登山运动，是一场与时间的竞赛，要求运动员使用滑雪板和其他专用装备上下山地。At the Olympics, there will be a relay event, and also asprintcompetition which lasts just a few minutes. Athletes start in a steep uphill section usingclimbingskins. These are detachablegrippystrips you attach to skis to prevent sliding. The athletes then rapidlytransitiontobootpackingwhere skis are carried on a backpack as they run up an incline as fast as possible. There is then atechnicaldownhillcourse full of tight turns andobstacles. Because of all the transitions, races can be won or lost in seconds depending on how smoothly the athletes can switch betweenmodes.奥运会上会有接力赛，还有短跑赛，持续时间只有几分钟。 运动员们使用攀岩皮从陡峭的上坡路段出发。 这些是可拆卸的防滑条，您可以将其固定在滑雪板上以防止滑动。 然后，运动员们迅速过渡到打包靴子，将滑雪板装在背包上，同时尽可能快地跑上斜坡。 然后是充满急转弯和障碍的技术下坡路线。 由于所有的转换，比赛可能会在几秒钟内获胜或失败，这取决于运动员在模式之间切换的顺利程度。One hopeful British qualifier, and a member of the GB Skimo squad, is Iain Innes. Despite the sport being included in the Olympics, which he says is great news, he doesn't think the events accurately represent ski mountaineering. "There is no element of mountaineering whatsoever, as the World Cups and Olympics are held on man-made slopes with berms and jumps and perfectly cut steps on the climbs", he told the British Mountaineering Council.伊恩·英尼斯 (Iain Innes) 是英国 Skimo 队的一员，也是一位充满希望的英国预选赛选手。 尽管这项运动被纳入奥运会，他说这是个好消息，但他认为这些项目并不能准确地代表滑雪登山运动。 他告诉英国登山委员会，“这里没有任何登山元素，因为世界杯和奥运会是在人造斜坡上举行的，这些斜坡上有护堤和跳跃，而且攀登时的台阶也完美切割”。However, inclusion in the Olympics is a positive reflection of the sport's global growth and development. The International Ski Mountaineering Federation (ISMF) oversees the regulation and promotion of the sport and has established a World Cup circuit, as well as continental and World Championships, all of which have helped elevate the sport's standing. So, look out for this extreme sport this year and feel that adrenaline rush.然而，纳入奥运会是这项运动在全球增长和发展的积极反映。 国际滑雪登山联合会（ISMF）负责监督这项运动的监管和推广，并设立了世界杯巡回赛、洲际锦标赛和世界锦标赛，所有这些都有助于提升这项运动的地位。 所以，今年请留意这项极限运动，感受肾上腺素激增的感觉。

Since 2012, the village of Padangtegal in Bali, Indonesia has instructed its residents to sort out their garbage before disposal. Wati does this every day.自2012年以来，印度尼西亚巴厘岛Padangtegal村指导居民在扔垃圾前先进行分类。瓦蒂每天都这么做。When I was little, trees were everywhere. We used to burn our garbage but no longer. Now we live in modern era.小时候，树木随处可见。我们过去常焚烧垃圾，但现在已经不这么做了。如今我们生活在现代社会。We are advised to sort out our garbage based on organic and non-organic category.我们被建议根据有机和无机类别对垃圾进行分类。Padangtegal village is situated at the heart of the popular tourist destination of Ubud, with only 607 families living there.Padangtegal村坐落于热门旅游胜地乌布的中心位置，只有607户人家居住在那里。The village may be small but it produces a great amount of waste. So local authorities built this 4,000 square meter compost house owned by the village.村子虽小，产生的垃圾却不少。于是当地政府建造了这个占地4000平方米、归村集体所有的堆肥站。The compost center only manages waste in Padangtegal village. Only families with their waste sorted out into organic and unorganic groups get collected.堆肥中心只处理Padangtegal村的垃圾。只有将垃圾分类为有机和无机的家庭才能获得垃圾回收服务。Then we process the organic waste in the compost. It's not the law everywhere and it is a bit of a chore.然后我们在堆肥中心处理有机废物。并非每个地方都有这样的规定，而且这有点麻烦。Villages not only spend time and energy sorting out their waste but they also pay a six-dollar fee each month for garbage collection.村民们不仅要花时间和精力进行垃圾分类，每月还要支付六美元的垃圾清运费。So why do they participate? Well, simply because the village chief tells them to.他们为什么要参加呢？仅仅是因为村长让他们参加。My name is I Made Gandra, the chief of Padangtegal village. In Bali, Bundesa or the village chief is the highest ranked leader in the village elected democratically by its people.我叫I Made Gandra，是Padangtegal的村长。在巴厘岛，村长是村里最高级别的领导人，由人民民主选举产生。Whatever decided by the chief is a decision that the people must comply to. This is the eminence of our custom.村长的任何决定，村民都必须遵守。这是我们习俗的显赫之处。Balinese generally reside in traditional villages which have their very own regulations known locally as Pararem and Awig-awig.巴厘岛人通常居住在传统村落里，这些村落拥有当地称为Pararem和Awig-awig的特有规定。Whatever the village chief says is the law of land. If they don't sort the waste out, their garbage won't be picked up.无论村长说什么，那就是当地的规矩。如果他们不把垃圾分类，他们的垃圾就不会被收走。Local officials say that well over half of all the garbage the island produces is organic. So most of it can be composted.当地官员表示，岛上产生的垃圾中远超过半数为有机垃圾，因此大部分垃圾可进行堆肥处理。Practically that means that every day, this village transforms organic waste into one cubic meter of compost. The compost is then sold to local farmers and businesses.实际上这意味着这个村庄每天将有机废物转化成一立方米的堆肥。这些堆肥随后被出售给当地的农民和企业。

This is Yemoga, a winning model for this year's Future City Competition.这是Yemoga，今年未来城市设计大赛的获胜模型。The concept was engineered by a team of middle school students from the Midwest state of Indiana.这一概念是由来自美国中西部印第安纳州的一群中学生提出的。The competition's theme this year-Clean Water: Tap Into Tomorrow-has asked students to focus on creating reliable supplies of clean drinking water.今年比赛的主题是“清洁水源，共创未来”，要求学生专注于创造可靠的清洁饮用水供应。The program ever all pushes students to imagine and build the cities of the future.这个项目一直都在推动学生去想象和构建未来的城市。A judge for the Future City Contest says it taps into the creativity and imagination of students.未来城市设计大赛的一名评委表示，该比赛激发了学生的创造力和想象力。They can talk about how the future should be as they see it right in their mind, and tackling a problem which they know is going to affect the greater population in the future,他们可以畅谈自己心中所设想的未来图景，着手解决必将影响大众的议题，and then being able to use limited resources that they have, and also innovate in terms of technology to creatively solve those problems.运用有限的资源，通过科技创新来创造性地解决这些问题。The international program in its 28th year had 45,000 middle school students, who participated from 1500 schools from more than 40 US regions.这个已有28年历史的国际项目吸引了来自美国40多个地区1500所学校的45000名中学生参与。It's a project that involves a lot of engineering and a lot of different skills, and so there's four different parts to it.这是一个涉及大量工程和多种不同技能的项目，因此它分为四个不同的部分。There's a theme city which is designing a virtual city; there is an essay of 15,000 word essay that you have to write; there's a model that you have to build;设计虚拟主题城市；写一篇15000字论文；制作一个模型；and then there's a presentation which you present at the competition and you answer questions.然后你要在比赛中做一个演讲，并且回答问题。Well over here, we had to ship it here and a lot of the parts fell off when we were here, so we had to work a lot on getting this back on.我们得把它运到这里来，而且很多零件在运输途中都脱落了，所以我们不得不花很大功夫才把它重新装好。The other top five teams include those from the Great Plains, which covers Kansas and the Kansas City metropolitan area, North Carolina, Albany which is the capital of New York, and Idaho.其他排名前五的团队分别来自覆盖堪萨斯州和堪萨斯城的北美大平原地区、北卡罗来纳州、纽约州首府奥尔巴尼以及爱达荷州。Indiana, as the grand prize winner, received $7,500 for its school STEM program and a trip to the US Space Camp. 大奖得主印第安纳州获得了7500美元奖金，用于学校的STEM项目和美国太空营之旅。

New York Times best-selling author Rahaf Harfoush is hosting a discussion on a new social media platform called Clubhouse.《纽约时报》畅销书作家拉哈夫·哈弗什在一个名为Clubhouse的新社交媒体平台上主持一场讨论。She spends at least two to three hours a day there, hosting three weekly shows, co-hosting others and listening to others still.她每天至少在那里待两到三个小时，每周主持三档节目，与他人共同主持其他节目，还会收听其他节目。There are chefs and movie producers and entrepreneurs and artists and writers and athletes.有厨师、电影制片人、企业家、艺术家、作家和运动员。And everybody is like finding their own group, and everyone is thinking about how they can contribute.每个人都在寻找自己的圈子，每个人都在思考如何做出贡献。Harfoush says the most interesting discussions happen in close groups. But even in open rooms, there's plenty to listen to.哈弗什说，最有趣的讨论发生在小圈子里。但即使是在开放的房间里，也有很多东西可以听。Shows hosted by people like Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg or Jared Leto.节目主持人包括埃隆·马斯克、马克·扎克伯格或杰瑞德·莱托。Thanks for inviting me up. It's good to hang with all of you. All right, Vlad, what really happened? Give us the inside scoop.谢谢你邀请我来。和你们大家在一起真好。弗拉德，到底发生了什么？给我们透露点内幕消息。The network is invite only and for now is only available on iPhones.该网络仅限邀请使用，目前仅支持iPhone设备。The platform doesn't allow recorded discussions, unless the speaker gives a special permission to have the talk recorded. However, the users violate the rule way too often.该平台不允许录音讨论，除非发言者特别许可将谈话内容录制下来。然而，用户经常违反规则。In recent weeks, the number of Clubhouse users skyrocketed from 600,000 to eight million, pushing the company's value to one billion dollars.最近几周，Clubhouse用户数量从60万飙升至800万，公司市值也随之攀升至10亿美元。This really enables people to have a real-time audio experience, much like a group chat like over voice.这确实能让人们获得实时音频体验，就像语音群聊一样，But you might be connecting with people you don't know yet, or you might be connecting with existing friends.但你可能是与尚未相识的人建立联系，也可能是与已有的朋友加深交流。Owyang has so far counted almost 30 similar Clubhouse competitors, and by the end of the year, he expects there to be more than a hundred.欧阳迄今为止已统计出近30个类似的Clubhouse竞品，他预计到今年年底数量将超过一百个。One big downside is privacy issues. Users should always assume they're being recorded, but that's not all.一大缺点是隐私问题。用户应始终假设自己正被录音，但这还不是全部。For example, online bullying or misinformation or other nefarious acts, or people just committing scams that could possibly lead people astray,例如，网络欺凌或虚假信息等恶劣行为，又或者是人们实施诈骗，这些都可能会误导他人，let alone false information being spread even by foreign state actors, and from every potential location on the globe.更不用说还有来自全球各地潜在的外国政府行为者散布的虚假信息。For now, Clubhouse is free, but experts say in future the company might consider premium accounts, paid subscriptions and advertising. Clubhouse目前是免费的，但专家表示未来该公司可能会考虑推出付费账户、付费订阅和广告服务。

Driving: do we love it because it's quick and convenient, or is it just that we don't have a choice? Either way, commuting by car is becoming more common across the world. While this could mean that people are getting more mobility and freedom, could it have a cost?驾驶：我们喜欢它是因为它快捷方便，还是只是因为我们别无选择？ 无论哪种方式，开车通勤在世界各地都变得越来越普遍。 虽然这可能意味着人们获得了更多的流动性和自由，但这会带来成本吗？As the number of cars on the road increases, so does congestion. As more people travel by car, more road space is used up. According to the OECD's International Transport Forum, the average person travelling in a car takes up five times as much road space as someone on a bus. This is made worse by the fact that, on average, today's cars are larger than those of the past. Tailbacks and other traffic jams in the UK could be costing £7.5 billion each year in wasted time.随着道路上汽车数量的增加，交通拥堵也随之增加。 随着越来越多的人开车出行，更多的道路空间被占用。 根据经合组织国际交通论坛的数据，乘汽车出行的人平均占用的道路空间是乘坐公共汽车的人的五倍。 平均而言，今天的汽车比过去的汽车更大，这一事实使情况变得更糟。 英国每年因尾随和其他交通拥堵而浪费的时间可能造成 75 亿英镑的损失。It's not just gridlock and wasted time that's the problem. Car dependency has significant health impacts. Air pollution from diesel and petrol cars can cause health problems such as asthma and other respiratory illnesses. Road traffic accidents lead to injuries and fatalities. Additional to this are the long-term problems caused by sedentary lifestyles, leading to poor fitness and obesity. Road-building developments can also split communities, leading people to feel cut off. Where road transport dominates an area, people without access to a car can feel isolated.问题不仅仅是堵塞和浪费时间。 汽车依赖对健康有重大影响。 柴油和汽油汽车造成的空气污染会导致哮喘和其他呼吸道疾病等健康问题。 道路交通事故会导致受伤和死亡。 除此之外，久坐的生活方式也会造成长期问题，导致健康状况不佳和肥胖。 道路建设也会分裂社区，导致人们感到被孤立。 在道路交通占主导地位的地区，无法使用汽车的人们会感到孤立。Cities and countries are sometimes tempted to build new roads to reduce the potential for snarl-ups. However, some experts say that this can cause induced demand where increased road capacity leads to more people driving, and congestion is soon back to its previous level. The other side of this theory is that when road space allocation is taken away from private cars, often congestion won't get any worse. Authorities in some cities, such as Seoul and Utrecht, have demolished motorways, leaving natural features such as streams and rivers in their place. Making drivers pay more is an approach used in cities like London, or Singapore, where ten-year car ownership licenses can cost over £60,000. The increased costs can help reduce the number of cars on the road and make traffic flow faster.城市和国家有时会试图修建新道路以减少出现交通拥堵的可能性。 然而，一些专家表示，这可能会引发需求增加，道路容量增加导致更多人开车，拥堵很快就会恢复到以前的水平。 这一理论的另一面是，当私家车的道路空间分配被取消时，拥堵通常不会变得更糟。 首尔和乌得勒支等一些城市的当局拆除了高速公路，保留了溪流和河流等自然景观。 让司机支付更多费用是伦敦或新加坡等城市采用的一种方法，在这些城市，十年期汽车拥有许可证的费用可能超过 60,000 英镑。 增加的成本可以帮助减少道路上的汽车数量并提高交通流量。

Medical care in the US costs more than it does in any other developed country.美国的医疗费用比任何其他发达国家都要高。That means surviving cancer can empty a patient's bank account.这意味着要想治好癌症可能会掏空患者的银行账户。When Tori Geib got her cancer diagnosis, she thought she would be okay financially.托里·盖布确诊癌症时，她以为自己经济上不会有问题。I just went on what they said to do. And at the time, I had really great private insurance.我只是按照他们说的去做。当时我有非常丰厚的私人保险。Three weeks later, her great private insurance stopped covering her medication.三周后，她丰厚的私人保险不再承保她的药物。I said well, how much will this be just to get through for the month. And they said for the one-month supply it's 11,000 dollars.我说每个月要花多少钱。他们说每个月的药物要花费11000美元。That's about average for new cancer therapy in the US. But to make the situation even worse, it was only one of thirteen drugs Geib needed.这大约是美国新癌症疗法的平均费用水平。但更糟的是，盖布需要十三种药物，而这只是其中一种需要的花销。The astronomical cost of cancer treatment causes many patients in the US to try to save money at the expense of their health.癌症治疗的高昂费用使得许多美国患者以牺牲健康为代价来省钱。One in four cancer patients actually report engaging in some risky behavior to try to save on cost, so either skipping refills of medications or even splitting doses.四分之一的癌症患者报告称为了节省费用而采取了一些冒险行为，比如不按处方买药续服，甚至掰分药剂量服用。A financial counsellor at the Cancer Center helped Geib find a way to pay for her treatment.癌症中心的一名财务顾问帮助盖布找到了支付治疗费用的方法。We've helped over 30,000 patients gain access to grant funding or manufacture assistance program with a total value of over 500 million dollars.我们已帮助超过3万名患者获得补助资金或生产援助计划，总价值超过5亿美元。The hospital also introduced a new program that keeps these expensive medications from going to waste. Patients can now return pills they don't need.医院还推出了一个新项目，防止这些昂贵药物被浪费。患者现在可以退回他们不需要的药片。We put that medication into essentially a repository, where we wait for the next patient that has a financial need, so that we can re-dispense that medication to another cancer patient.我们将这些药物存入一个专门的储存库，等待下一位有经济需求的患者出现，以便再次配药给其他癌症患者。The program helps patients focus on getting well, and not stressing about their finances.该计划帮助患者专注于康复治疗，而不用为财务状况担忧。There's so much stress that goes along with this diagnosis. And you really want to try to minimize that stress along with the cancer.确诊癌症带来了巨大的压力。你真的要努力在对抗癌症的同时将压力降到最低。And this is one thing that has been given to me that I'm so thankful and grateful for.我能够受到这样的帮助，对此我满怀感恩。Kennerly Shah says the goal is to start out small and then to expand the program to cover medications for other diseases.肯纳利·沙阿表示目标是从小规模开始，然后将该计划扩展至覆盖其他疾病的药物。Another goal is to provide a model that other institutions can copy. So more patients can afford their treatments. 另一个目标是提供一个可供其他机构复制的模式，这样更多患者就能负担得起治疗费用。

The clock starts ticking when a mountain sheds its snowy skin. An avalanche covers all in its path.当雪从山坡脱落下来时，时钟便开始倒数计时。雪崩掩埋了沿途的一切。And for those trapped underneath, survival rates drastically drop after three to five minutes.对于那些被困在下面的人来说，三到五分钟后存活率会急剧下降。Rescuers quickly deploy alongside highly trained dogs that prepare their whole lives for this moment.救援人员和训练有素的搜救犬迅速部署，这些搜救犬毕生都在为这一刻做准备。Well, listen, we trained them from a young age. They have a toy they play with. We start hiding it in snow. The dog has its smell.我们从小就训练它们。它们有自己的玩具。我们把玩具藏在雪里。搜救犬能闻到它的味道。We make it harder and harder for the dog to find the toy by closing the air holes above it. It's a game for him.我们通过堵住玩具上方的气孔，让狗狗越来越难找到玩具。这对它来说是个游戏。Ski Patrol say if you're caught in an avalanche, the worst thing to do is panic.滑雪救护队说，如果遭遇雪崩，最糟糕的事情就是惊慌。Stay calm, don't move, try and make the cavity to breathe, but mainly stay calm, so you don't run out of breath, using all the oxygen around your mouth.保持冷静，不要移动，试着让自己有空间呼吸，但关键是要保持冷静， 这样你才不会喘不过气，耗尽嘴边周围的所有氧气。Another tips, get any snow out of your mouth. Following these steps gives rescue dogs like six-year-old Nitro a chance to find you and pull you to safety.另一个建议，把嘴里的雪清理干净。遵循这些步骤能让像六岁的尼特罗这样的搜救犬有机会找到你并将你拖到安全地带。Trainers here stress that a mountain is not an amusement park. They have to think about that we are not in a world Disney, in the Disney park.训练员强调说，山并不是游乐场。搜救犬必须明白，我们不是在迪士尼乐园里。We have to be really careful and just ask to snow patrol, ask everyone about the condition and go with someone who knows the mountains and knows the resorts. It's really, you have to do this.我们必须非常小心，向雪地巡逻队了解情况，并与熟悉山脉和滑雪场的人同行。必须得这样做。Dogs travel by snowmobile or even between skis, but a helicopter makes staging possible in five to ten minutes. If the search is a success, next comes the rescue.搜救犬乘坐雪地摩托甚至是滑雪板行动， 但直升机可以在五到十分钟之内完成部署。如果搜索成功，下一步就是营救。So as soon as we get the victim out, we administer first aid. At the same time, another ski patroller or civilian goes back into the hole with a toy reward for the dog.我们一救出受害者就立即施救。与此同时，另一名滑雪巡逻员或平民会回到山洞中，给狗狗玩具作为奖励。This ski patrol unit carries out 1,500 training exercises each year.这支滑雪救护队每年进行1500次训练演习。The team annually responds to about 10 real-life avalanche emergencies. Most canine rescuers retire at around 10 years old. 该团队每年应对约10次真实发生的雪崩紧急情况。大多数搜救犬会在十岁左右退休。

As a girl Damon Sanatha dreamed of playing rugby professionally, but didn't have the money or access to training.达蒙·萨纳塔小时候梦想成为职业橄榄球运动员，但既没钱也没机会接受训练。Determined that no other girl should be kept from the game, four years ago, she began coaching Sebroco, a women's team in Bingerville.四年前，为了让所有女孩都能参加这项运动，她开始执教班热维尔的一支女子球队Sabroco。Sanatha brought the team to play at the National Institute for Youth and Sports in Marcory, a college in suburban of Abidjan.萨纳塔带领球队前往位于阿比让郊区的马克里国家青年与体育学院进行比赛。I was a former player. I stayed on staff to supervise the girls. I would like the sisters to go as far as possible, ensure that there is a place for girls in this sport.我曾是一名运动员，后来留在队里指导这些女孩。我希望这些女孩能走得更远，确保她们在这项运动中有一席之地。Rugby can be a rough contact sport. But fifteen-year-old Berthe Assista who has a different coach is fine with that.橄榄球是一项激烈的对抗性运动，但15岁的贝尔特·阿西斯塔对此并不介意，她有一位与众不同的教练。I started rugby thanks to my friend. She invited me to come and watch how it is played. On the second day I'd put on athletic clothes to train a little. Since that day I have loved rugby.我开始打橄榄球是因为我的朋友。她邀请我去看橄榄球比赛。第二天，我就穿上运动服进行一些训练。从那天开始，我就爱上了橄榄球。Isabelle Yeboua, secretary of the Ivorian Rugby Federation's women's commission, says it's about time women players are getting recognized.科特迪瓦橄榄球联合会女子委员会秘书伊莎贝尔·耶布瓦表示，现在是时候让女性球员得到认可了。Girls have been training with clubs for a very long time. The rugby federation organizes an annual tournament among clubs.女孩们在俱乐部训练已经很长时间了。橄榄球联合会组织各俱乐部参加年度锦标赛。It's also a showcase to find promising players who can go on to play for the national team.这也是一个发掘有潜力球员的平台，他们未来有望为国家队效力。So we are doing a championship to select the good female players, let them form a team and also participate in international competitions.我们正在举办锦标赛，选拔优秀的女运动员，让她们组成一支队伍，并参加国际比赛。What's clear is that many girls who want to play rugby now can get the chance.很明显，现在很多想打橄榄球的女孩都能得到这个机会。Of 21 official clubs in Ivory Coast, more than half are for females. 在科特迪瓦的21家官方俱乐部中，超过半数面向女性。

This kitchen changes the lives of poor kids in Kenya.这个厨房改变了肯尼亚贫困儿童的生活。Here at Feeding the Future, cooks make some of the food that today will feed as many as ten thousand hungry kids.Feeding the Future的厨师们今天制作的食物，将供多达一万名饥饿的孩子食用。Millions of children in Africa go to school on an empty stomach.数百万非洲儿童饿着肚子上学。A lot of times they make the decision whether to go to school or look for food elsewhere.很多时候，他们需要决定是去学校还是去别的地方找食物。Food for Education strives to solve this problem by providing low-cost nutritious meals so that children are able to stay in school and learn.Food for Education致力于通过提供低成本的营养餐来解决这一问题，从而帮助孩子们能够留在学校继续学习。And here's where lunch goes high-tech with a bright orange bracelet called Tap2Eat, says group founder Wawira Njiru.团队创始人瓦维拉·恩吉鲁表示，在这里午餐实现了高科技化，凭借一款名为“Tap2Eat”的亮橙色手环就能搞定。Tap2Eat is a technology developed by Food for Education that enables parents to contribute fifteen shillings, fifteen cents for every meal.Tap-to-Eat是Food for Education开发的技术，它使得父母只需花费十五先令、十五美分就可以为孩子们购买一份午餐。We use it through mobile money which is quite prevalent in Kenya.我们通过在肯尼亚相当普遍的移动支付使用它。And through that, parents are able to top up easily the fifteen shillings for kids to get lunch with.这样一来，家长们只需充值十五先令就可以让孩子们吃上一顿午餐。And the children once they come to school, just Tap2Eat and get lunch under five seconds.孩子们一到学校，只需要点击一下就可以在五秒内吃上午餐。The school's principal says attendance is up and so too our median test scores.学校校长表示，学生出勤率提高了，考试成绩中位数也提高了。A parent named Lucy says the program changed her family's life.一位名叫露西的家长说，这个项目改变了她家人的生活。When Tap2Eat wasn't available, we suffered a lot. Sometimes your child carries cold food. Sometimes you lack the money and your child has no lunch.以前没有Tap2Eat的时候，我们吃了不少苦头。有时候孩子们只能带冰冷的食物去上学。有时候囊中羞涩，孩子就没有午餐。Food for Education says it uses smart logistics to ensure they produce food sustainable while ensuring local farmers receive a reliable source of income. Food for Education表示，它采用智能物流来确保食品实现可持续生产，同时保证当地农民有稳定的收入来源。

So what I use is, I use organic food grade coconut flakes. I blend that with essential oils, never perfume. We use a kosher, goat's milk, glycerin base.我用的是有机食品级椰片，将其与精油混合，从不添加香精，我们采用符合犹太标准的山羊奶甘油基底。Maxwell Moore is having fun making soap from only the most natural organic ingredients.麦克斯韦·摩尔正乐此不疲地用最天然的有机原料制作肥皂。But it wasn't easy for Moore to return to civilian life in Los Angeles after 16 years of military service including tours in war-torn Iraq and Afghanistan that led him to suffer from PTSD.但对摩尔来说，在经历了16年的兵役，包括在饱受战争蹂躏的伊拉克和阿富汗服役，这使他患上了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）之后，要回到洛杉矶过平民生活并不容易。The VA and they suggested that I should employ my hands, with something that will keep me busy and out of trouble.退伍军人管理局建议我忙碌起来，不惹麻烦。And so they asked me what are you, do you have any hobbies. And I told them and they were like, what do you have any hobbies that aren't dangerous.他们问我有什么爱好吗，我告诉了他们，然后他们问我，你有什么不危险的爱好吗？Well I like to make soap and they said oh you should do that. And so I started doing this and I just got obsessed.我喜欢做肥皂，他们说那你就应该去做肥皂。于是我开始做这件事，然后我就着迷了。Moore's hobby grew beyond just making and selling soap. I was going again to my VA appointments.摩尔的爱好不仅仅是制作和销售肥皂。我又去参加退伍军人管理局的预约了。And this homeless man, I came out of the hospital, and he says, hey I'm giving him spare change.我从医院出来时，这个无家可归的人叫住我，我给了他一些零钱。And I was like you know I don't have any spare change right now, but I've got this hobby. I make soap, do you want some soap?我说，我现在没有多余的零钱，但我有个爱好。我做肥皂，你要肥皂吗？And the guy goes oh yeah lots of soap and I was like really really. He says, yeah I live on the street, you know, I'm dirty.他说，当然了，我需要肥皂。我当时就心想真的吗，他说：我流浪街头，脏兮兮的。Now Moore gives some of his soap for free to the homeless. Don't get me wrong, I love money.现在摩尔把他的部分肥皂免费赠送给无家可归的人。别误会我的意思,我喜欢钱。But if you're making money and you're surrounded by people who are poor, who are sick, who can't take care of themselves, then you're going to get sick, and all the money in the world doesn't matter.但如果你在赚钱，但周围都是穷人、病人、无法自理的人，那么你也会生病，挣再多钱都无济于事。Thousands of orange blossom eucalyptus and grapefruit soap bars. Moore employs other military veterans and single mothers to help them adapt and stay afloat financially.成千上万的橙花桉树和葡萄柚肥皂。摩尔雇佣了其他退伍军人和单身母亲，帮助他们适应生活、维持生计。I was really motivated by the service and sacrifice of my comrades at war. And I felt like those guys are dead and gone unfortunately.战友们的奉献和牺牲真的激励了我。当时的战友不幸离世了。They can't make an impact anymore back here at home. So in some ways I feel like I owe those guys.他们没办法对这里做贡献。在某些方面我觉得我亏欠他们。Stanley who got a bar of soap from Moore during the pandemic is very grateful.斯坦利在大流行期间从摩尔那里得到了一块肥皂，非常感激。No, Santa Fe burnt, my hands are dry so they burn me, but I'm constantly trying to wash my hands as much as I can.不，圣达菲着火了，我的手很干，所以它们让我感觉火辣辣的，但我一直在尽可能多地洗手。While the issue of homelessness in Los Angeles isn't easy to solve, Moore believes in starting with small things, help people stay clean and healthy and the rest will follow. 尽管洛杉矶的无家可归问题不易解决， 但摩尔相信从小事做起，帮助人们保持清洁和健康，其他问题自然会迎刃而解。

Among the at-risk species on this year's list is the Saint Lucia fer de lance, a venomous viper with an image problem. While it's not aggressive, it's highly feared, so is often killed on sight. Conservationists are working to improve perceptions of the creature. Then there's the blackchin guitarfish, which appears to be half ray, half shark.在今年这份名单上的濒危物种包括圣卢西亚矛头蝮，这是一种有形象问题的剧毒蛇类。虽然它攻击性并不强，但人们非常害怕这种蛇，通常一见到就会立即杀死它。自然保护人员正在努力改善人们对这种生物的看法。名单上还包括黑颏犁头鳐，一种看起来一半像鳐鱼、一半像鲨鱼的鱼类。It's not just animals. Wild tulips make the list threatened with extinction in Central Asia due to overgrazing and trampling by livestock.这份名单上并不只有动物。野生郁金香也在这份名单上，这些郁金香在中亚地区因过度放牧和家畜的踩踏已经濒临灭绝。The charity hopes the list will also draw attention to the people working to protect the wildlife, providing a beacon of hope against a bleak outlook.这家慈善机构希望这份名单能吸引人们关注那些致力于保护野生动植物的工作人员，他们为动植物保护当前黯淡的前景点亮了一盏希望之灯。

At the heart of the deep-sea mining controversy is a difficult problem. The world needs critical minerals to tackle climate change but extracting them from the sea floor could cause serious environmental harm. This research by the Natural History Museum and National Oceanography Centre analysed the impact of trial mining in the Pacific Ocean. It found that where the mining vehicle had harvested minerals, the number of animals living in the area was reduced by 37%.在对深海采矿的争议的核心有一个难以回答的问题。世界需要关键的矿物来应对气候变化，但从海底提取这些矿物会造成严重的环境损害。这项由伦敦自然史博物馆和英国国家海洋学中心共同参与的研究分析了在太平洋中试验性采矿的影响。研究发现，在采矿车辆采集了矿物的区域，在此生活的动物的数量减少了 37%。The deep ocean is barely explored, and many scientists worry it harbours vital life that could be lost if mining goes ahead. The mining firm The Metals Company commissioned the research. A spokesperson said they were encouraged by findings that animals outside of the directly mined areas were not affected.海洋深处几乎没有被人类探索过，许多科学家担心深海中藏有重要的生物，而如果开始采矿，这些生物就会消失。采矿公司加拿大金属公司（The Metals Company）委托进行了这项研究。该公司的一位发言人说，金属公司对研究结果感到鼓舞，因为研究发现在直接开采区域外的动物并未受到影响。

Stand outside Chancery Lane Tube station in London and you'll probably notice the regular commuters, trendy cafes and the odd tourist. Look up and you'll see the Staple Inn, built in 1585, and one of the last remaining Tudor timber-framed facades in London. But deep below your feet, there's more history lurking.站在伦敦 Chancery Lane 地铁站外，您可能会注意到定期通勤的人、时尚的咖啡馆和奇怪的游客。 抬头一看，您会看到建于 1585 年的 Staple Inn，也是伦敦仅存的都铎式木结构外墙之一。 但在你的脚下深处，还潜藏着更多的历史。Nestled between Furnival Street and Fulwood Place in this area of London are a network of tunnels even deeper than The London Underground. Built between 1940 and 1942, the tunnels were constructed as part of the war effort as an air-raid shelter, designed to protect civilians and soldiers from bombs dropped in the war. Later in World War Two, the tunnels were occupied by Special Operations Executive and are even believed to have been the inspiration behind Q branch in the James Bond novels. The tunnels are set to open to the public in the near future.伦敦这一地区的弗尼瓦尔街 (Furnival Street) 和富尔伍德广场 (Fulwood Place) 之间有一个比伦敦地铁还要深的隧道网络。 这些隧道建于 1940 年至 1942 年间，是作为战争努力的一部分而建造的，作为防空洞，旨在保护平民和士兵免受战争中投下的炸弹的伤害。 第二次世界大战后期，这些隧道被特别行动执行官占领，甚至被认为是詹姆斯·邦德小说中 Q 分支的灵感来源。 这些隧道将于不久的将来向公众开放。Somewhere that can never open to the public is a secret Victorian street in Bristol. Now considered too dangerous to enter, a local historian climbed down to the street in 1999. He hoped to find gas street lamps, sash window frames and Victorian fire grates frozen in time. Instead, he found thieves had stripped the street, and it was mostly full of rubbish, though some bricked-up shop windows remained. The row of shops was buried in 1879 when a railway was built, and the company raised the road level.布里斯托尔有一条永远无法向公众开放的维多利亚时代秘密街道。 由于现在被认为太危险而无法进入，一位当地历史学家于 1999 年爬到了街上。他希望能找到及时冻结的煤气路灯、推拉窗框和维多利亚时代的炉排。 相反，他发现小偷已经把街道洗劫一空，街上大部分都是垃圾，但一些砖砌的商店橱窗仍然存在。 1879年修建铁路时，这排商店被掩埋，公司提高了道路水平。In Scotland, there is an even older piece of history under foot. Mary King's Close in the centre of Edinburgh is a hidden network of preserved streets and homes from the 1600s. Down under the Royal Mile, the alleyways were once bustling and open-air but also dark and rather smelly. Many Old Town Edinburgh streets in the 1600s consisted of high-tenement buildings where the rich occupied the top stories and the poor lived on the ground floors, which were often flooded with sewage. The streets on Mary King's Close were built over in the 1750s and only re-discovered in 2003 during an archaeological investigation. It's now a tourist attraction, so you can go down and see the streets for yourself.在苏格兰，脚下还有一段更古老的历史。 爱丁堡市中心的玛丽金街 (Mary King's Close) 是一个隐藏的网络，由 1600 年代保存完好的街道和房屋组成。 皇家大道下方的小巷曾经熙熙攘攘，露天，但现在也很黑暗，而且相当臭。 1600年代爱丁堡老城区的许多街道都是高楼大厦，富人住在顶层，穷人住在底层，底层经常被污水淹没。 玛丽金街 (Mary King's Close) 的街道建于 1750 年代，直到 2003 年考古调查中才被重新发现。 现在这里成了旅游景点，可以下去亲自看看街道。So, when you're out and about in the city, admire what's above ground, but also consider the history that could be hiding beneath your feet.  因此，当您在城市中行走时，请欣赏地面上的事物，同时也要考虑一下隐藏在您脚下的历史。  

Since I was a kid I felt like connection with food as it has been always there.从小我就觉得与食物有着不解之缘，因为它始终陪伴在我身边。Ever since I was born. You know my mother always, like, taking care of us.打我出生以来，我的妈妈就一直照顾我们。Cooking the food that I grew up with and doing the things that I do makes me feel really proud, makes me feel proud of the culture, makes me feel proud of, like, where I come from, of my family, of the people that I grew up around.烹饪我从小吃到大的食物，做我一直在做的事情，让我感到无比自豪，让我为自己的文化感到骄傲，也让我为自己的出身、我的家人以及我成长过程中身边的人感到骄傲。Mexico and Mexican people and the culture have so much to offer than what we normally see or perceive.墨西哥、墨西哥人民及其文化所展现出的魅力，远超我们日常的所见与认知。Because of the amount of spices and different types of ingredients that are used in the cuisine, it reminds me of like Thai food or Indian cuisine where it's just so expansive, like there's so much you can do with it.由于这种烹饪中使用的香料种类繁多且配料多样，它让我联想到泰国菜或印度菜，它们的菜品丰富多样，能用这些食材做出很多不同的菜肴。And it's packed with flavor you know. And there's this like rich tradition behind everything that's made.味道非常浓郁，而且每样制作出来的东西背后都有着深厚的传统。It's just, like, a never-ending excitement or motivation to create something new because there's so much Mexican cuisine out there.就像是有一种永无止境的激情和动力，驱使我不断创造新事物，因为有那么多墨西哥美食可供发掘。The signature dish of the restaurant, it's pozole. It has the corn. We boil it with water.这家餐厅的招牌菜是玉米猪肉浓汤，里面有玉米粒，我们用水慢慢煮。We let it cook slowly. We put dry oregano and salt. And we let it cook. And then we also on the side we make salsa that goes on the actual broth.然后就让它慢慢煮着，加入干牛至和盐，然后继续炖煮。然后我们还会在旁制作辣番茄酱，加了这个酱才能算是真正的肉汤。So it has guajillo chilis, garlic, onion. We grind the peppers and then we add it to the pot. We also have some onions we are going to sauté.有瓜吉略辣椒、大蒜、洋葱。我们把辣椒磨碎然后加到锅里。还有一些洋葱要用来煸炒。From there we're going to let it cook, let it continue to cook for a little longer and then we're going to serve it.再继续煮一小段时间，然后就可以上菜了。In my family, actually you know, every time we gather we make pozole.在我的家里，每次团聚就做玉米猪肉浓汤。The food is all prepared here. Everything that they do here is just great. I know that it's well prepared, thoughtfully prepared, and authentically prepared. So, that does it for me.食物都是在这里烹饪的。他们这里做的每一道菜都很好吃。我知道这是精心准备的，也很正宗。我很喜欢这家店。One of the things that I love about the US is that you can eat really good food from all around the world in one place. And I feel like we're doing that.我喜欢美国的一点是，在一个地方可以尝遍世界各地的美食。我认为我们在这样做。We're sharing the beauty of one culture, especially a culture that's recently being attacked. I think it kind of can change the mindset of some people, like appreciation.我们在分享文化的魅力，尤其是近来遭受攻击的文化。我认为这能在某种程度上改变一些人的心态，比如让他们学会欣赏。That the food that we produce it's, it's done with love. It is done with care. It actually it brings you to think that you're in Mexico.我们用爱和真心做好每一道菜。实际上它让你感觉仿佛置身于墨西哥。I just want to help to preserve and continue to offer you know the Mexican heritage, which is the food that we do. It creates a connection with people.我只是想帮忙保留并延续墨西哥的传统，也就是我们所制作的食物。这能让人与人之间建立起联系。You eat together next to somebody and being able to talk about the food and talk about the flavors. And it's a very easy conversation.你们坐在一起吃饭，可以聊聊食物、谈谈味道。这样的对话非常轻松。And it doesn't have to be anything else. But just talk about the food and share a moment. It connects you with people in a very easy way.它不必是别的什么。只需聊聊食物，分享片刻时光。这就能以一种非常轻松的方式让你与他人建立联系。

Saturday from the launch pad at NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi, the aerospace agency tested its space launch system.周六，在美国航空航天局(NASA)位于密西西比州的斯坦尼斯航天中心的发射台上，该航天机构测试了其太空发射系统。Rockets fired for roughly eight minutes, generating 725 metric tons of thrust while guzzling more than 2600 cubic meters of fuel to simulate internal conditions for liftoff.火箭发射持续约八分钟，产生725公吨推力，同时消耗超过2600立方米燃料以模拟升空时的内部环境。The project paired NASA with Boeing in a mission seen as a vital step before a debut unmanned launch later this year under NASA 's Artemis program.该项目是NASA和波音公司合作完成的一项任务，这被视为NASA阿尔忒弥斯计划在今年晚些时候首次无人发射前的重要一步。It's also welcome news, as the space launch system is three years behind schedule and nearly three billion dollars over budget.这也是个好消息，因为太空发射系统已比原计划推迟了三年，预算也超支近三十亿美元。Boeing is also scheduled this year to deliver six new solar arrays to the international space station. Boeing's John Mulholland explains why.波音公司还计划在今年向国际空间站交付六套新型太阳能帆板。波音公司的约翰·马尔霍兰解释了原因。These solar arrays we're going to install are going to be about half the size of the existing solar arrays.我们将安装的这些太阳能帆板大约是现有太阳能帆板的一半大小。We have an international space station, but because of the advances in technology over the years,我们有一个国际空间站，但由于多年来科技的进步，they're going to provide about twice the power in just half of the area that the existing solar arrays cover.新的太阳能帆板将在现有太阳能帆板覆盖面积的一半大小的区域内，提供大约两倍的电力。The arrays will provide electricity, the sustained systems and equipment while augmenting other power to continue experiments in the station's unique microgravity environment.这些阵列将提供电力、持续运行的系统和设备，同时增强其他电源，以便在空间站独特的微重力环境中继续开展实验。China this week announced plans to share access to the lunar samples collected from its recent Chang'e 5 lunar exploration mission.中国本周宣布计划共享其近期嫦娥五号月球探测任务所采集的月球样品。Agency spokesman Pei Zhaoyu: The China International Space Administration encourages international joint research on the Moon's samples.机构发言人裴照宇说：中国国际航天局鼓励对月球样品进行国际联合研究。The purpose is to promote the international sharing of science search results.目的是促进科学研究结果的国际共享。I believe that foreign scientists will have the opportunity to study these Moon samples together with Chinese scientists.我相信外国科学家将有机会和中国科学家一起研究这些月球样本。Pei went on to say that China is open to international cooperation with all countries.裴照宇还表示中国愿与各国开展国际合作。Finally this week two players in the commercial space travel business saw success.本周，商业太空旅行业务的两位参与者终于取得了成功。In California skies, Virgin Galactic's 21-meter LauncherOne rocket reached space after release from beneath the wing of a Boeing 747.在加利福尼亚的天空中， 维珍银河21米长的发射者1号火箭从波音747机翼下释放后进入太空。They carried a cluster of small satellites developed as part of a NASA educational program with universities in the United States.他们携带了一组小型卫星，这些卫星是NASA与美国各大学合作的教育项目的一部分。Meanwhile, Blue Origin's New Shepard reusable launch vehicle made a successful test launch and landing in remote west Texas.与此同时，蓝色起源公司的新雪帕德可重复使用运载火箭在得克萨斯州西部偏远地区成功完成试射并实现着陆。After a brief trip to the Karman Line, the altitude at which space begins, both vehicle and capsule landed back on earth with onboard test dummy Mannequin Skywalker. 在短暂抵达卡门线（即太空起始高度）后，载有测试假人人体模型天行者的飞行器与返回舱一同降落到地球表面。

My name's Michelle Moon. I'm 54 years old. I'm a housekeeper at Days Inn in Harmarville, Pennsylvania and I've been working for this company for over 20 years.我叫米歇尔·穆恩，今年54岁，是宾夕法尼亚州哈马维尔戴斯酒店的一名客房服务员，在这家公司已经工作了20多年。Quite frankly, I like it here. I like my coworkers, sometimes. Far as the clients go that stays here, some is good, some is bad, some is rotten.说实话，我很喜欢这里。有时候，我也喜欢我的同事们。至于这里的房客，有好有坏，有些烂透了。With some people, I'll be wondering. They trashes a room. Do they treat their houses, their places like that? Because they're nasty. But I just keep on going.看到一些房客，我有时候会想，他们把房间弄得一团糟，也是这样对待自己的房子和住处吗？因为他们太邋遢了，但我只管工作。I had no goals when I was younger, really, not really, just surviving day by day, doing whatever I do, whatever I want, and whatever I can. Just day by day thing.我年轻的时候没有什么目标，只是一天天地熬日子，做我该做的、想做的、能做的，就这样日复一日。I had no regrets. Where I'm at is where I'm at. I have no regrets. I love my children and my grandchildren.我没有遗憾，总是随遇而安，我爱我的孩子和孙辈。They're bad as hell, excuse my language, but I love them just the same.他们有时候很调皮，但我非常爱他们。The only thing I would change would be getting my oldest son back.我唯一想改变的就是让我的长子回来。At the age I had him, I wasn't very good. Well, the state didn't think I was very good at it, so they took him.我生他的时候，情况不太好。州政府认为我没能力抚养他，所以他们带走了他。Every time I had to go visit him, I had to sign a paper, my signature.每次我去见他时，都必须在一份文件上签字。So, one of those days, I signed the paper for my visitation to see him.有一天，我签署了探监文件去见他。Next thing I know, I got my visitation taken as well as my son.接下来，我不仅失去了探视权，连儿子也被带走了。I feel like the case worker I had tricked me on signing the papers.我觉得办案人员骗我签了那些文件。And from that day on, I learned to look before I sign. But despite everything else, my son, Jesse, he's with a very good family.从那天起，我学会了先看文件再签字。但不管怎样，我儿子杰西现在寄养的家庭非常好。Right now, I know he's alright. So, that was my only regret. But anything else, I don't regret. I just don't.我知道他一切都好，这是我唯一的遗憾。除此之外，我别无他憾。

Because our employees are experiencing, you know, 20 to 25 percent a day in downtime, due to the internet speed.每天有20%到25%的时间，我们的员工因为网速慢而停工。They're not, you know, being able to effectively do their work as efficiently as possible. We have been waiting for a year now to have fiber brought to us.他们没办法尽可能高效地开展工作。我们已经等了一年，就等着光纤接入。They just say that we're not within their territory and they don't have to provide us service.他们只是说我们不在他们的辖区内，他们不必为我们提供服务。If it's an issue of giving service that's necessary for public safety, then there's a very strong social argument or public argument.如果提供网络事关公众安全，肯定会有强烈的公众要求或社会要求。So, hospitals, the police, homeland defense, perhaps other emergency services that are provided in the area.这个区域的医院、警察、国土安全部和其他应急服务机构肯定都有网络。It's a little bit more difficult to make an argument that then you also need to subsidize internet service to an individual household.但是如果说每家每户都要能联网，那就很困难了。The total package will probably be around 5,000 dollars by the time it's brought to us, installed, and all the fiber and things are done within the building.联网这一整套服务下来可能要花费5000美元左右，从安装、光纤到建筑内部的设置。I want to say packages are going to be around the 80 to 100 dollar range, depending on what speed you get.等设备运到我们这里、安装完毕，并且楼内所有光纤等设施都铺设完毕后，总费用大概在5000美元左右。We will be able to get up to, I want to say, 100 megabits per second or faster.这样我们就能用上100M的网，甚至更快的。Senator Chuck Grassley, we emailed him with just one time.我们给参议员查克·格雷斯利发过一次邮件。I told him about our dream of pursuing, buying this farm property, building a new home out here,我告诉他我们一直追求的梦想，就是买下这个农场，在这里建一个新家，wanting to work from home but was not able to because the internet provider at that point did not have high speed.渴望在家工作却未能如愿，因为当时的网络供应商没有高速宽带。It will happen, I'm just not sure when. But he said this Connect America funding was made available to internet providers through all of Iowa.我们肯定能用上高速网络，就是不知道什么时候。但他说爱荷华州的每个互联网供应商都使用“连接美国基金”。If we plowed fiber to every one of these, you're probably talking several hundred thousand dollars.如果要在每家每户铺设光纤，可能会花费几十万美元。It could be in the million dollars in some of these exchanges just to serve two, three, four or five customers.有时候给两到五个客户提供服务，费用就可能高达数百万美元。At the end of the day, the customers are going to be paying for that in one way or another. It may be through property tax or it may be through service subscription.归根结底，客户无论如何都得为此买单。可能是通过房产税，也可能是通过服务订阅。Now, if it's only relatively high income people who are the subscribers, they're the ones who are then being subsidized by the people who don't buy the service, who are paying through their property tax.如果现在只有高收入人群订阅网络服务，这些人实际上是在接受那些不购买该服务的人的房产税补贴。We currently use the CAF funding, Connect America funds. We've been in that program for several years, been very active in it.我们目前使用CAF资金，我们参与那个项目已有数年之久，一直非常积极地投入其中。And it helps us fund projects like this. Had we not had that funding, I'm not sure we would have been able to reach out and serve all these rural customers. 这帮助我们为类似的项目提供资金。如果没有那笔资金，我不确定我们是否能够接触并服务所有这些农村客户。

I've been coming to Dyker Heights. Well, this is my first time actually, so he's actually taking me on a tour of Dyker Heights.我一直想来戴克高地。实际上这是我第一次来，他正带我参观戴克高地。Yes and I've been here several years. My parents grew up in Brooklyn. So, you know, everybody knows about it from the surrounding area.我在这里待了好几年了。我父母在布鲁克林长大，周边地区的每个人都知道。Ryan was just telling me about a house that you can see from space, so we're on the hunt to find that house that you can see from space. Hot chocolate. Hot chocolate. Wink wink. It's hot chocolate.瑞安刚才告诉我有一栋房子从太空都能看到，所以我们正在寻找那栋从太空可见的房子。热可可。It's really nice and I like, I think the lights are very beautiful.它真的很漂亮，我认为灯光非常漂亮。It's just really nice how everybody decorates and lets everybody come by their properties and watch the lights.每个人都精心装饰自己的住所，还让大家到他们的房子前观赏灯光，这种氛围真的特别美好。Since I'm a little kid. So, I'm 46. So, it's been a long time. So, Lucy Spata, this is her house.我还是个孩子的时候就是如此。现在我46岁了，时间过得真快。这是露西·斯帕达的房子。Well, supposedly, she started this, you know, doing it in an extraordinary way.据说，她以一种非同寻常的方式开始了这件事。And I guess that tradition sort of caught on in the rest of the block and the surrounding houses.我想这个传统在街区的其他部分和周围的房子里也流行起来了。And then it just started, I guess, expanding to the whole neighborhood. So, it's become a destination now.然后我想，它就开始扩展到整个社区了。现在这里已经成了一个热门去处。We've seen busloads of people. They have those big buses coming and there's loads of people on the buses.我们看到一车又一车的人。那些大型巴士一辆接着一辆开来，车上挤满了人。It's pretty wild to see, because, like he said, we've been coming here for so long since we're little, and then to see these giant buses pull up with tourists to come and now it's a tourist attraction. It's wild.看到这一幕真是让人难以置信，就像他说的，我们从小就经常来这里， 现在却看到这些巨大的巴士载着游客到来，这里如今成了一个旅游景点。太疯狂了。What I heard, a lot of people restrained themselves from decorating this year because they didn't want crowds of people outside and stuff like that. They were afraid. 我听说，很多人今年都克制自己不进行装饰了，因为他们不想在外面有一大群人，他们很害怕。

I relish the day after the burn, when I get to come and clean it up and walk away from a black stain.这里烧过稻草后的第二天，我会过来打扫干净，然后远离那片焦黑的痕迹。It's great. I mean, something happened and there's a tiny black stain on the earth where it happened. Very simply, it makes me happy. I love it.太棒了，有事情发生了，事发地点会在地球上留下一个小小的黑色污渍。简单来说，这让我感到快乐。我爱极了。My name is Joe Pachak. I'm an artist. I love to do sculpture.我叫乔·佩查克。我是一位艺术家。我喜欢雕塑。Every year, I make a very large piece of sculpture and on December 21st, at a very important time, Winter Solstice, the beginning of the astronomical year,每年我都会制作一件很大的雕塑，并在12月21日冬至这个重要时刻，也就是天文年的开端，I set fire to it as a spiritual event connected to the science of our relationship between Sun and Earth.将其点燃，以此作为连接太阳与地球关系的科学精神仪式。When you start a new year like that, your spirit is raised.当你以这样的方式开启新的一年时，你的精神会为之振奋。We're seeing a pecked route out that was done a very long time ago.我们看到的是一条很久以前凿出的路线。And I'm counting one two three four five six seven eight nine pecked steps going up right here.一二三四五六七八九，从这里往上爬。Utah is a very rich place for prehistoric culture. It is right on the crest of the earth everywhere. 犹他州是史前文化非常丰富的地方，它恰好位于地球各处之巅。

They are loving companions. And for the blind, these dogs are a lifeline.狗狗是人类忠诚的伴侣。但对于盲人来说，狗狗就是他们的生命线。Lorri Bernson lost her vision 25 years ago and had her current guide dog named Captain for one year.洛丽·伯恩森25年前失明，她现在的导盲犬名为船长，已陪伴她一年。He is so sweet, and so devoted, and so makes me smile. You know, these dogs, they're not just your eyes.它十分贴心，也很忠诚，还总能逗我开心。这些导盲犬可不只是你的眼睛。I mean they become your heart. They become part of your soul. They become part of your being, Because when they're not with you, you notice the difference.它们会走进你的心里，成为你灵魂的一部分，成为你生命的一部分。因为一旦它们不在你身边时，你会察觉到不同。Many dogs are bred and trained here at Guide Dogs of America outside Los Angeles.许多狗狗在洛杉矶郊外的美国导盲犬协会接受培育和训练。Owners and dogs move in tandem step by step, navigating obstacles, including cars.主人与导盲犬步步同行，绕过车辆等障碍物。If a car gets too close to them, and they have what we call a buffer zone. It's anywhere from ten feet to two feet being a very tight buffer zone.如果一辆车离它们太近，就会有所谓的缓冲区。这是一个非常狭窄的缓冲地带，范围从十英尺到两英尺不等。But if a car were to come and break that buffer zone, and the dog feels some uncomfortable, they're gonna stop.但如果一辆车驶来并打破那个缓冲区域，而狗感到不适，它们就会停下。The dogs bred at this facility are mostly labrador retrievers, golden retrievers, or a mix. They are screened to ensure that they have the right temperament.该机构繁育的犬只多为拉布拉多犬、金毛寻回犬或两者的混种。他它们经过筛选以确保具备合适的性情。Guide dogs are allowed to go where other animals are not, boarding airplanes, for example, and trains.导盲犬可以去其他动物不能去的地方，例如飞机和火车。Pamela Metz's guide dog Franklin has been with her for four years.帕梅拉·梅茨的导盲犬富兰克林已陪伴她四年。We travel a lot together, and he's made it easier to travel independently.我们经常一起旅行，有它在，我独自旅行方便多了。Franklin has kept her spirits up since her husband passed away two years ago.自丈夫两年前去世以来，富兰克林一直都让她能够保持心情愉悦。He made me have to get up in the morning to take care of him and the cats, made me have to get up and move, and stay mobile and keep busy.因为富兰克林， 我会早上起来照顾他和猫，会起床走动，一直活动，保持忙碌。Guide Dogs of America recently merged with another organization that provides service animals, Tender Loving Canines Assistance Dogs.美国导盲犬协会最近与另一个提供服务性动物的组织“Tender Loving Canines Assistance Dogs”合并。This assistance dog is working with a trainer and volunteer to learn how to help a child with autism. Other assistance dogs work with disabled veterans.这只辅助犬正在与训练员和志愿者合作，学习如何帮助自闭症儿童。其他辅助犬则服务于残疾退伍军人。Some are trained by and helped prisoners, providing a needed pair of eyes as well as love and companionship有些辅助犬由囚犯训练并向他们提供帮助，从而提供一双所需的“眼睛”以及爱和陪伴。And even in an age when advanced technology is helping the disabled, the role of guide and assistance dogs is only expanding. 即便在先进科技助力残疾人的时代，导盲犬与辅助犬的作用仍在持续扩大。

Do you find yourself getting increasingly irate while scrolling through your social media feed? If so, you may be falling victim to rage bait. According to the Oxford University Press, this is defined as online content deliberately designed to elicit anger or outrage by being frustrating, provocative, or offensive.你是否发现自己会在滑动浏览社交媒体上的信息时变得越来越愤怒？如果是这样的话，那么你很可能是 “rage bait（愤怒诱饵）” 的受害者。牛津大学出版社将这个词定义为 “被刻意设计过的互联网内容，通过使人觉得心烦、受到挑衅或冒犯来引发怒气或愤慨”。Such content is typically posted in order to increase traffic to websites or social media accounts.发布这类内容的目的通常是为了增加网页或社交媒体账号的流量。Shortlisted words were put to a public vote, the results of which help to guide the final decision taken by OUP's language experts.入围的词汇经过公众投票，投票的结果作为参考帮助牛津大学出版社的语言专家们做出最终决定。

Are you worried that you can't keep up with AI? Current artificial intelligence systems can do many tasks much quicker than we can. Does this mean that machines will put us out of work?您是否担心自己跟不上人工智能的发展？ 当前的人工智能系统可以比我们更快地完成许多任务。 这是否意味着机器会让我们失业？Rather than replace our jobs, it may be more likely that AI will transform the way we work. Previous waves of mechanisation and automation did not cause lasting effects to employment rates. However, the skills valued by the economy could change. Research from Goldman Sachs shows some evidence that AI has affected the US job market differently in different sectors. Being adaptable and understanding how AI and humans can best work together in the industry that you work in is likely to become very important.人工智能更有可能改变我们的工作方式，而不是取代我们的工作。 之前的机械化和自动化浪潮并未对就业率产生持久影响。 然而，经济所重视的技能可能会发生变化。 高盛的研究表明，一些证据表明人工智能对美国不同行业就业市场的影响不同。 适应能力并了解人工智能和人类如何在您所从事的行业中最好地合作可能会变得非常重要。Humans and artificial intelligence have different strengths. AI systems are naturally best suited to tasks that are repetitive, involve data and that are very large. Humans usually perform best when skills and qualities such as leadership, empathy and judgement are required. Recent research from MIT's Sloan School of Management identified which tasks were best done by humans, and which were best done by AI. They found that where humans were better, working together with AI boosted performance above that of humans working alone. Creative tasks could be an area where this collaboration is particularly productive. Professor David Stilwell from Cambridge University highlights that AI's creativity is currently at a similar level to an average human. Other research shows that using ideas generated by AI, even bad ones, helps humans to come up with better ideas more quickly.人类和人工智能有不同的优势。 人工智能系统自然最适合重复性、涉及数据且规模非常大的任务。 当需要领导力、同理心和判断力等技能和品质时，人类通常表现最佳。 麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院最近的研究确定了哪些任务最适合由人类完成，哪些任务最适合由人工智能完成。 他们发现，在人类表现更好的地方，与人工智能一起工作的表现比人类单独工作的表现要高。 创造性任务可能是这种协作特别富有成效的领域。 剑桥大学的大卫·史迪威教授强调，人工智能的创造力目前与普通人处于相似的水平。 其他研究表明，使用人工智能产生的想法，即使是糟糕的想法，也可以帮助人类更快地想出更好的想法。Companies need to look at their workflows and processes to see where using AI alone or in collaboration with humans can be more efficient. They can then decide how best to integrate AI into their workflow. Employees should try to learn how best to use AI to support themselves. Being able to do this effectively will help lead to career success.公司需要审视自己的工作流程和流程，看看单独使用人工智能或与人类协作在哪些方面可以更有效。 然后他们可以决定如何最好地将人工智能集成到他们的工作流程中。 员工应该尝试学习如何最好地利用人工智能来支持自己。 能够有效地做到这一点将有助于实现职业成功。

We've been on the bench for over thirty years. For 25 years, we were on television just in Rhode Island. That's it. 我们做法官已经有三十多年了。在过去的二十五年来，我们的节目只在罗得岛州的电视台播出。仅此而已。I get letters every day, people sending me letters saying, "Please continue to treat people with understanding and compassion."我每天都会收到信件，人们在信中写道：“请继续以理解和同情之心对待他人。”And many people, because of my treatment of people who come before my court, send money to my court saying, "Please use this to help someone else."许多人因我对出庭者的态度而向法庭捐款，并附言：“请用这笔钱帮助他人。”I have a letter from a woman named Angie Chesser. And she said, I got a small bonus from where I work and I would like to donate 100 dollars to help somebody else.我收到了一封来自安吉·切瑟女士的信。她说：“我从工作的地方拿到了一笔小额奖金，想捐出100美元来帮助其他人。”And she actually sent cash. So we're gonna use this to help pay for your fine. What do you say about that? I'm speechless.她还真的寄来了现金。我们准备用这笔钱帮你支付罚款。你觉得怎么样？我无话可说。It says that there is an awful lot of kind, wonderful people in life.生活中有非常多善良而美好的人。Many times, even though I am helping people, the city is still getting money, because I have people from all over the world.很多时候，尽管我在帮助人们，但这座城市仍然能获得收益，因为我的客户来自世界各地。I have people from Iraq who sent money, people from France, from Italy, from China, from Russia, all over the world, and the United States, send in checks, saying, "Please use this to help someone else."有来自伊拉克的人寄钱，有来自法国、意大利、中国、俄罗斯的人，还有美国人，他们寄来支票说：“请用这些钱去帮助其他人。”So we have touched the heart of people all over the world. 32 dollars. 32 dollars.我们触动了全世界人民的心。这里有三十二美元。My father was an immigrant from Italy. We were very poor. We had very little material things, but we had a great deal of love in our house.我的父亲是来自意大利的移民。我们非常贫穷。我们拥有的物质财富很少，但家里却充满了无尽的爱。And my dad's vision was always that life would be better for his children. Maybe I climbed the ladder of success.我父亲的愿景始终是让他的孩子们过上更好的生活。也许我已经爬上了成功的阶梯。It is not enough to climb the ladder of success. The key is to leave the ladder down, so that others can climb the ladder, too.仅仅爬上成功的阶梯是不够的，关键在于把梯子放下来，好让他人也能攀登。

The English oak is one of Britain's most iconic trees. Broad and majestic, this tree supports more species than any other native tree in the UK, from blackbirds, to squirrels to butterflies. For centuries it has stood watching the landscapes change and our societies evolve. The question is, can a tree remember, learn and adapt to new environments within its lifetime? Does wisdom lie within its boughs? 英国橡树是英国最具标志性的树木之一。 这棵树宽阔而雄伟，比英国任何其他本土树木都支持更多的物种，从黑鸟、松鼠到蝴蝶。 几个世纪以来，它一直见证着景观的变化和我们社会的演变。 问题是，一棵树在其一生中能否记忆、学习和适应新环境？ 智慧就在它的枝干里吗？ Trees provide a physical record of their life experiences in their growth rings. Dendrochronologists take samples from a tree trunk and are able to see whether a tree has been through a forest fire, periods of drought or a rainy season. But these markings are more than just battle scars. An organisation called Membra studies a number of UK tree species to see how they 'remember' and respond to environmental stress. Their research shows that environmental events do not change the tree's genetic code, but they can change how its genes react, which helps the tree adapt and defend itself against future drought, disease or climate extremes. So, trees don't have conscious memories of events like humans do – they remember through biological, structural changes.树木的年轮提供了它们生命经历的物理记录。  树木年代学家从树干上采集样本，能够判断一棵树是否经历过森林火灾、干旱期或雨季。 但这些标记不仅仅是战斗伤痕。 一个名为 Membra 的组织研究了一些英国树种，以了解它们如何“记忆”并应对环境压力。 他们的研究表明，环境事件不会改变树木的遗传密码，但可以改变其基因的反应方式，这有助于树木适应并防御未来的干旱、疾病或极端气候。 因此，树木不像人类那样对事件有意识的记忆——它们通过生物、结构的变化来记忆。That's a tree's defence in its own lifespan, but can their memories be passed down to future generations? Membra's research found that seedlings were more tolerant to drought when their parents had experienced repeated drought. And in one of the world's largest climate change experiments, published in Nature Climate Change by Richard Norby and colleagues, they pumped extra CO2 into an oak forest. Not only did the trees absorb more CO2, but the offspring of those trees also grew faster and were more resistant to disease, suggesting that tough conditions might make trees' offspring more resilient.那是一棵树在其生命周期中的防御，但它们的记忆能遗传给后代吗？ 曼布拉的研究发现，当父母经历过反复干旱时，幼苗对干旱的耐受性更强。 在理查德·诺比及其同事在《自然气候变化》杂志上发表的世界上最大的气候变化实验之一中，他们向橡树林中注入了额外的二氧化碳。 这些树木不仅吸收了更多的二氧化碳，而且这些树木的后代也生长得更快，对疾病的抵抗力也更强，这表明恶劣的条件可能会让树木的后代更有弹性。What does this all mean? There has been a wave of tree planting schemes throughout the UK, with aims to improve biodiversity and our defence against climate change. Fast-growing and short-lived tree species are often favoured in these schemes to quickly increase tree numbers. But trees that live longer, like oaks, which have a greater memory and resilience, could be a better choice. 这一切意味着什么？ 英国各地掀起了一波植树计划，旨在改善生物多样性和抵御气候变化。 这些计划通常倾向于生长快速且寿命短的树种，以快速增加树木数量。 但寿命较长的树木，如橡树，具有更强的记忆力和恢复力，可能是更好的选择。 

4,000 brain scans of people up to the age of 90 have revealed our brains go through five distinct eras. The first is childhood. This is when the brain is rapidly growing but getting less efficient over time.对 4000 名最大年龄为 90 岁的人的脑部扫描显示出我们的大脑会经历五个不同的阶段。首先是童年期。在这个阶段中，大脑会快速地生长，但效率会逐渐降低。Then, a surprisingly long period of adolescence kicks in, starting at the age of nine and lasting until you're 32 when the brain peaks. You then get the longest stage, adulthood, which lasts three decades.在这之后，一段漫长到令人有些惊讶的青春期就会开始，这段时期从九岁开始一直持续到 32 岁，那时你的大脑会达到最佳状态。然后你会迎来最长的成年期阶段，持续约三十年。Then comes 66 and early ageing. The effects are subtle, but the brain is beginning to fragment as smaller regions work tightly together – it's like a band starting their own solo projects. At 83, this accelerates as we enter the final phase.然后在 66 岁时进入早期衰老阶段。这个阶段的影响并不明显，但大脑会开始逐渐碎片化，更小的区域会开始紧密合作，就像一个乐队中的成员开始推出他们的个人作品一样。到 83 岁时，这个现象会开始加速，大脑进入最后的晚期阶段。

The international team of researchers says ultra-processed foods present too great a danger to health to wait any longer to take action against them.一个国际研究团队称，超加工食品对健康的危害太大，所以必须立即采取行动来应对。They say products containing high levels of saturated fat, salt, sugar and additives are displacing fresh food. Examples include processed meats, crisps, mass-produced bread, ready meals and fizzy drinks.研究人员表示，含有大量饱和脂肪、盐、糖和添加剂的食品正在取代新鲜食物，比如加工肉类、炸薯片、批量生产的面包、即食餐和碳酸饮料。The researchers take aim at a handful of massive food corporations, calling for them to face marketing restrictions and extra taxes.研究人员将矛头指向了少数几家大型食品公司，呼吁对它们施加营销限制并征收额外的税费。

Can you imagine waiting ten years to take the perfect photograph? With phones accessible in our pocket, it's easier than ever to take photos of nature and wildlife, providing we can find it. But what skills do the most successful wildlife photographers have? Talent, patience, curiosity and resilience.你能想象为了拍到一张完美的照片而等待十年吗？如今手机随身携带，只要我们能找到拍摄对象，拍摄自然与野生动物从未如此容易。那么，最成功的野生动物摄影师具备哪些能力呢？天赋、耐心、好奇心以及韧性。The winner of Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2025 was South African wildlife photographer Wim van den Heever. His shot depicts a brown hyena lit up in an abandoned mining town in the Namibian desert and was the culmination of ten years' work. So why was it so difficult to capture? The subject is a shy creature, mostly active at night, and the Namib Desert often succumbs to thick fog, while easterly winds can pile sand up to a metre high. "I had one or two years where cameras just got absolutely trashed," he says.2025 年“年度野生动物摄影师”大奖得主是南非野生动物摄影师温·范·登·希弗（Wim van den Heever）。他的作品拍摄的是一只棕鬣狗，在纳米比亚沙漠的一座废弃矿镇中被灯光照亮，这是他十年努力的结晶。那么，为什么这张照片如此难以拍到？拍摄对象性格羞怯，主要在夜间活动；纳米布沙漠又常常被浓雾笼罩，东风还会将沙子堆积到高达一米。“有一两年的时间，相机简直被彻底毁掉了，”他说。The images captured in this competition are not just stunning, they are also powerful glimpses into the fragile, complex and beautiful ecosystems we share. The picture that won Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2025 is of a longhorn beetle appearing to look out at big logging machinery which is chopping down its habitat. The photographer has cleverly framed the beetle and machinery to be equal in size, which one of the judges commented on. "The photographer has given M. asper authority in this image. It does exactly what a strong photograph should do – it increases our understanding.”本次比赛中的影像不仅令人惊叹，更有力地呈现了我们共同生活其中那些脆弱、复杂而美丽的生态系统。获得 2025 年“年度青年野生动物摄影师”奖的作品，拍摄的是一只长角甲虫，仿佛正注视着正在砍伐其栖息地的大型伐木机械。摄影师巧妙地将甲虫与机械构图成同等大小，这一点得到了评委的评价。“摄影师在这张照片中赋予了 M. asper 一种主导感。这正是优秀摄影作品应有的力量——它加深了我们的理解。”A strong visual can not only provoke the urgency of conservation but can also give us glimpses into the unexpected. This year a Belgian photographer captured a startling image of one of the world's only maritime lions. These big cats moved from their traditional hunting grounds in the Namib Desert in 2017 and have since learnt to hunt fur seals along the Atlantic coast. "The photo shows how resilient these animals are… that they change their habitat to survive," says the photographer, Van Malderen.强有力的视觉影像不仅能唤起人们对自然保护的紧迫感，也能让我们看到意想不到的变化。今年，一位比利时摄影师拍下了一张震撼人心的照片，主角是世界上极少见的海岸狮。这些大型猫科动物于 2017 年离开了它们在纳米布沙漠的传统狩猎地，并逐渐学会沿着大西洋海岸捕食海豹。“这张照片展现了这些动物的顽强生命力……它们为了生存而改变栖息地，”摄影师范·马尔德伦（Van Malderen）说道。What wildlife could you capture? Grab your phone, explore nature and see what you can find.你又能捕捉到怎样的野生动物呢？拿起手机，走进自然，看看你能发现什么。

We're talking about the Volkswagen scandal. Yes, well, let's go back to the beginning. How did it all start? Well, Richard, if you think about it, German products, they have a good reputation, don't they? Especially for engineering, yes.我们在谈论大众汽车丑闻。是的，那我们回到事情的起点吧。一切是如何开始的呢？理查德，如果你仔细想想，德国产品的口碑一直很好，对吧？尤其是在工程技术方面，是的。And I think the motor car industry represents the best of all of that. Yes, they're reliable, well-designed, efficient, highly engineered. Who doesn't want to own a BMW? Or a Mercedes.我认为汽车工业正是这些优点的最佳体现。是的，它们可靠、设计精良、高效，而且工程技术含量极高。谁不想拥有一辆宝马？或者一辆奔驰呢？But in terms of being environmentally friendly, diesel cars have a poor reputation, particularly in the US, where very few are sold. So, yes, so when VW said that it had designed cars with a new clean diesel technology that surpassed the strict US regulations, it filled a huge hole in the market. Yes, so there are fewer fumes, Richard, toxic fumes.但是在环保方面，柴油车的名声并不好，尤其是在美国，柴油车的销量非常少。所以，当大众汽车宣称他们设计出了一种新的清洁柴油技术，能够超越美国严格的环保法规时，这正好填补了市场上的一个巨大空白。是的，这意味着废气更少了，理查德，有毒废气更少了。It's mainly... Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, things like that. OK, but retaining better fuel efficiency and excellent performance. I mean, VW was on to a winner, wasn't it? Sales were soaring.主要是……氮氧化物、一氧化碳之类的东西。好吧，但同时还能保持更好的燃油效率和出色的性能。我的意思是，大众汽车当时似乎找到了制胜法宝，不是吗？销量一路飙升。And, of course, their US advert said, Diesel – it's no longer a dirty word. So, step in John German, a worker for a small, independent, non-profit organisation dedicated to helping reduce vehicle emissions. Yes, he was asked by his European colleague to check the emissions of two diesel VWs because they wanted to carry out on-the-road testing in the US.当然，他们在美国的广告中还说：“柴油——不再是一个肮脏的词。”于是，约翰·杰曼登场了，他在一家小型、独立的非营利组织工作，致力于帮助减少车辆排放。是的，他的一位欧洲同事请他检测两辆大众柴油车的排放情况，因为他们想在美国进行道路实测。So, he took two VW cars and a BMW also for a drive with a probe placed in the exhaust pipe so they could test the vehicle emissions. Yeah, and a portable emission measurement system. And he found out that the VWs massively exceeded the official emissions.于是，他开着两辆大众汽车和一辆宝马上路测试，在排气管中放置了探头，以便检测车辆排放。是的，还使用了一套便携式排放测量系统。结果他发现，大众汽车的排放量远远超过了官方标准。Remembering that we have two German cars here and their reputation for reliability, he thought there was a technical error with his measurement system. So, he did the tests again, he expanded the tests, and this time the cars were driven more than 1,200 miles from San Diego to Seattle. So, what he found was that the VWs, they still exceeded the US standards by up to 35 times.想到这里测试的是两辆德国车，而德国车一向以可靠著称，他以为是自己的测量系统出了技术故障。于是他重新进行了测试，并扩大了测试范围，这一次车辆从圣迭戈一路开到西雅图，行驶了超过1200英里。结果他发现，大众汽车的排放仍然高出美国标准，最高甚至达到了35倍。Although the BMW itself was fine. Was absolutely fine. So, to cut a long story short, we now know that VW had installed a defeat device software that gave inaccurate measurements when the cars were being tested.而宝马本身则完全没有问题，确实是完全合格的。长话短说，我们现在知道，大众汽车安装了一种“作弊装置”软件，在车辆接受检测时会给出不准确的排放数据。But only when they were tested in laboratory conditions, not when they were out on the road. Yeah, somehow the car knows it's being tested, maybe because the steering wheel isn't being turned, or maybe because the outside temperature doesn't change. But once on the road, however, the software doesn't kick in and the true emissions could be detected.但这种情况只发生在实验室条件下的检测中，而不是在实际道路行驶时。是的，不知怎么的，汽车似乎知道自己正在被测试，可能是因为方向盘没有转动，或者因为外界温度没有变化。但一旦上路行驶，这套软件就不会启动，真实的排放情况就暴露出来了。Yeah, so it means for the last two years, there have been far more harmful emissions coming out of these VW cars in America than before. So, VW faces huge fines for breaking the Clear Air Act, plus fines of up to over $37,000 per vehicle in the US. So, is this the end of VW, Richard?是的，这意味着在过去两年里，这些大众汽车在美国排放出了比以前多得多的有害气体。因此，大众汽车因违反《清洁空气法》将面临巨额罚款，而且在美国每辆车的罚款最高可能超过3.7万美元。那么，这会是大众汽车的终结吗，理查德？

Authorities in Hong Kong say the number of people killed in an apartment fire last week has now risen to 151. This as an investigation is pointing to the building's renovation as a catalyst for the tragedy. We're showing you here images released today by the Hong Kong police force showing the interior of an apartment that was destroyed in the fire, giving you a sense of the damage caused by the flames inside with walls blackened, floor to ceiling, and a lifetime of memories reduced to ash.香港当局表示，上周发生的一场公寓火灾的死亡人数现已上升至151人。调查显示，这场悲剧的导火索可能与大楼正在进行的翻修工程有关。我们现在展示的是香港警方今天发布的画面，画面显示了一套在火灾中被彻底烧毁的公寓内部景象，让人直观感受到火焰造成的破坏——墙壁从地板到天花板一片焦黑，一生的记忆化为灰烬。Mary-Anne Demayne joining me now. She's been following this story all morning for us. Those images, Mary-Anne, are just unbelievable, devastating, but really speak to the intensity of this fire.玛丽安·德梅恩现在加入我们。她整个上午都在为我们跟进这条新闻。玛丽安，这些画面令人难以置信、令人心碎，也真实反映了这场火灾的猛烈程度。And now, of course, the investigation looking into everything in terms of overall what happened, but I guess now what needs to be done to keep these buildings or other apartment buildings safe.当然，目前调查正在全面审视事情的来龙去脉，同时也在思考接下来该采取什么措施，才能确保这些大楼以及其他公寓建筑的安全。Yeah, that is the focus of the investigation. Why did these 7 31-story towers go up in flames so quickly, leaving all of that destruction and all of that death in its wake? So they're looking at the materials from the renovation that was underway at these buildings, and according to investigators, all signs point to the nylon meshing there, that green, that's what's left of it anyway, that was surrounding the bamboo scaffolding outside of these buildings, they say did not meet flame retardant standards.是的，这正是调查的重点。为什么这七栋31层高的住宅楼会如此迅速地陷入火海，留下如此严重的破坏和大量人员死亡？因此，调查人员正在检查这些大楼翻修过程中所使用的材料。根据调查结果，所有迹象都指向包裹在大楼外部竹制脚手架上的尼龙防护网——也就是你看到的那种绿色材料，至少这是它残留的部分——这些材料并不符合阻燃标准。In other words, it was not up to the fire safety code, and that's why they say this flame spread so quickly and engulfed these buildings so quickly. On top of that, the renovation was using these foam blocks that they say was blocking the windows. These also led to the fire spreading very quickly outside of this building, led to the glass exploding in the windows, and that helped spread the fire inside the buildings, leading to the images you saw just a few moments ago, those burnt-out units.换句话说，这些材料并不符合消防安全规范，这也是火势迅速蔓延并吞噬整栋大楼的原因之一。除此之外，翻修工程中还使用了泡沫块，这些材料被认为堵住了窗户。这不仅加快了火势在建筑外部的蔓延，还导致窗户玻璃爆裂，从而助长了火焰向建筑内部扩散，最终造成了你刚才看到的那些被烧毁的住宅单元。Now, as a result of this investigation, they've also uncovered that the detectors inside of these buildings weren't working. Many of them anyway may not have alerted these residents, many who were over the age of 65, so when you imagine the chaos and the panic that was happening inside these buildings as the flames were just spreading from building to building, it is quite a horrific scene. Now, looking at this investigation, it has also turned criminal.此外，调查还发现，这些大楼内部的火灾探测器并未正常工作。至少有相当一部分并没有向居民发出警报，而这些居民中，许多人都已超过65岁。可以想象，当火焰在楼与楼之间迅速蔓延时，楼内所发生的混乱与恐慌是多么骇人。随着调查的深入，这起事件也已转为刑事案件。We know that at least 13 people have now been arrested. These are people in connection to the construction company, Prestige Construction and Engineering Company. We're talking people who were scaffolding subcontractors, even engineers, project managers.我们了解到，目前至少已有13人被逮捕，他们都与承建公司——尊贵建筑与工程公司（Prestige Construction and Engineering Company）有关，包括脚手架分包商、工程师，甚至项目经理。They've all been arrested in connection with suspected manslaughter. That's one part of the investigation. They've also suspended 28 projects on area businesses there in Hong Kong connected to this same construction and engineering company.这些人因涉嫌过失杀人而被拘捕，这是调查的一部分内容。同时，当局还暂停了香港地区与这家建筑工程公司有关的28个项目。They're trying to do safety audits to, of course, prevent something like this from happening, but looking at these images, Angie, you can see the big job they have ahead of them. These are buildings that have been around since the 1980s. There are thousands of units here, so a huge impact and a huge job ahead.他们正在进行安全审查，目的当然是防止类似事件再次发生。但安琪，从这些画面中你也能看出，他们面前的任务非常艰巨。这些建筑始建于上世纪80年代，里面有成千上万套住房，因此影响巨大，后续工作量也极为庞大。And it'll be interesting to see as they've expanded that investigation, will it need to be expanded further to the overall construction industry in terms of how that all entails. A very complex recovery effort is underway for the victims. 151 bodies.随着调查的扩大，人们也在关注，是否有必要将调查进一步延伸到整个建筑行业。这对受害者而言，是一项极其复杂的善后与恢复工作。目前已有151具遗体被发现。That number could potentially rise as they try to find more people that were trapped inside those buildings.随着搜寻更多被困在楼内的人员，这个数字还有可能继续上升。Yeah, because despite all of the damage you see on the outside and the inside, the building itself is still very structurally sound. So they are going unit by unit and they are uncovering more bodies, not only inside those units, but also in the stairwells, the hallways and even the roof.是的，因为尽管建筑内外遭受了严重破坏，但整体结构依然相当稳固。因此，搜救人员正逐户逐层展开搜索，陆续发现更多遗体，不仅在住宅单元内，还包括楼梯间、走廊，甚至屋顶。But because these buildings were burning for days until the fire was c

I'm talking to somebody who works for the biggest supermarket in the UK. Hi Alan. Hello there.我正在和一位在英国最大连锁超市工作的人交谈。嗨，艾伦。你好。So, who do you work for? I work for Tesco, which is a British company. It's got supermarkets and stores all over the world. We've got something like 4,000 stores and we are the biggest by market share in the UK.那么，你是为哪家公司工作的呢？我在乐购（Tesco）工作，这是一家英国公司，在世界各地都有超市和门店。我们大约有4000家门店，在英国的市场占有率是最高的。Fantastic. What is your job title? So my job title is Technical Director of the Clothing Division, which is branded F&F. What do you do exactly? So my job really is to help the buyers who choose the products for our customers to get the right quality and to buy from the right factories all over the world.太棒了。你的职位是什么？我的职位是服装事业部的技术总监，我们的服装品牌叫 F&F。那你具体是做什么的呢？我的工作主要是协助采购人员，为顾客选择合适质量的产品，并从全球合适的工厂进行采购。And those buyers are responsible for selecting the products for the UK, Republic of Ireland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary. And so do these buyers obviously then, they go abroad? They do go abroad. They go to the markets themselves to understand what's the difference between somebody in Hungary and somebody in Republic of Ireland.这些采购人员负责为英国、爱尔兰共和国、捷克、斯洛伐克、波兰和匈牙利选择产品。那么他们显然会出国吗？是的，他们会出国，亲自去当地市场，了解匈牙利消费者和爱尔兰消费者之间有什么不同。So they don't sell the same clothing in those supermarkets? Roughly the same, but there are differences. For example, in Central Europe, school children do not wear school uniforms, whereas in the UK they do. So we have to make sure that we're buying the products appropriate for the country.所以在这些超市里卖的衣服并不完全一样吗？大体相同，但还是有差异。比如在中欧地区，学生不穿校服，而在英国学生是要穿校服的。因此，我们必须确保采购的产品适合当地国家的需求。Where do you fit in then? So the buyers know what the customer wants and what me and my team try to help the buyers do is select the right factory in the right country to make the right product. So for example, shirts can be made in China, in Bangladesh, in India and in Turkey. Some of those countries I just mentioned have duty free arrangements for the European Union, some don't.那你的角色是什么呢？采购人员了解顾客想要什么，而我和我的团队要做的，就是帮助他们在合适的国家选择合适的工厂，来生产合适的产品。比如说，衬衫可以在中国、孟加拉国、印度或土耳其生产。我刚提到的这些国家中，有些与欧盟有免关税安排，有些则没有。So to be cost effective, we want to make that shirt in the right country. And also there are regional differences. So for example, India, I think everybody realises are very famous for things like Madras cheques.因此，为了控制成本，我们希望在合适的国家生产这些衬衫。同时，不同地区也有各自的优势。比如说，大家都知道印度以马德拉斯格子布这类面料而闻名。So we would buy Madras cheques from India for shirts, whereas formal shirts, a white shirt, for cost effective reasons, we would go to Bangladesh. You talk about India having a certain reputation for a particular kind of shirt. It also has a rather negative reputation in terms of the factories producing those shirts.所以我们会从印度采购马德拉斯格子布，用来制作衬衫；而正式衬衫，比如白衬衫，出于成本考虑，我们则会选择在孟加拉国生产。你刚才提到印度在某些衬衫方面享有声誉，但在生产这些衬衫的工厂方面，它也有一些负面的名声。How do you go about making sure that you're buying appropriately? So we've got a team of over a hundred what we call production technologists who have approximately 10 factories per person to look after. We make sure before we start dealing with them, they are fully audited and we do two audits. We do a technical audit to make sure a particular factory can make a particular product.那你们是如何确保采购过程是合适、负责任的呢？我们有一个一百多人组成的团队，叫做生产技术人员，每个人大约负责10家工厂。在开始合作之前，我们会确保这些工厂经过全面审计，而且会进行两类审计：一类是技术审计，确保某一家工厂具备生产某种产品的能力。And we also do an ethical audit to make sure the factory is safe, legal, doesn't have any child labour issues. So before we even start, we do two audits and then my team go around the world. They go to these factories regularly to make sure they're making to the quality standards we require.我们还会进行道德审计，确保工厂安全、合法，不存在童工问题。所以在合作开始之前，我们就已经完成了这两项审计。随后，我的团队会走遍全球，定期前往这些工厂，确保他们的生产符合我们要求的质量标准。Some people might be surprised then, Alan, that you do those two audits. Well I think the thing about being the biggest retailer in the UK is that there is a responsibility that comes with that size. We need to actually lead the way in making sure that we don't deal in any unethical way or in any factories that are going to put anybody in harm's way.艾伦，有些人可能会对你们进行这两项审计感到惊讶。嗯，我认为，作为英国最大的零售商，这样的规模本身就意味着一种责任。我们确实需要走在前面，确保我们的经营不涉及任何不道德行为，也不会与任何可能危害他人安全的工厂合作。And that's the point I think we have to try and get across to our consumers. Not that we're preaching, just that we have to actually be... Set an example. Set an example.这正是我认为我们需要向消费者传达的一点。并不是在说教，而是我们必须真正做到——树立榜样。是的，树立榜样。

Over the past three years, Syria's air force has rained death on more than 21,000 civilians. Their bodies ripped apart by exploding barrel bombs. Missiles dropped on homes, businesses, bus stops, even hospitals.在过去三年里，叙利亚空军向两万一千多名平民倾泻了死亡。爆炸的桶装炸弹将他们的身体撕得粉碎，导弹落在民宅、商铺、公交车站，甚至是医院上。These war crimes have been well documented. Not so the part played by the shadowy world of offshore finance. Behind the scenes, companies using offshore tax havens were accused of supplying fuel to the Syrian air force.这些战争罪行早已有大量记录。然而，离岸金融这个阴暗世界所扮演的角色，却鲜少被揭示。在幕后，有人指控，一些利用离岸避税天堂的公司向叙利亚空军供应燃料。In 2014, multiple governments, including the UK and US, issued bans on doing business with these companies. But now, a new global investigation has revealed that a Panamanian firm helped these companies operate, as attacks in Syria continued. That firm, Mossack Fonseca, is a key player in a sprawling, secretive industry that the world's rich and powerful use to hide assets and skirt rules by setting up front companies in far-flung jurisdictions.2014年，包括英国和美国在内的多个政府发布禁令，禁止与这些公司开展业务。但如今，一项新的全球调查披露，在叙利亚空袭仍在持续之际，一家巴拿马公司帮助这些企业继续运作。这家公司名为莫萨克·冯塞卡（Mossack Fonseca），是一个庞大而隐秘行业中的关键角色——世界各地的富豪和权势人物正是通过这个行业，在遥远的司法辖区设立空壳公司，以隐藏资产、规避规则。More than 300 journalists trawled through millions of leaked records from Mossack Fonseca to expose an alarming list of clients involved in bribery, arms deals, tax evasion, financial fraud and drug trafficking. Behind the invoices, emails and paper trails are real victims. In Russia, businessmen kidnapped orphaned girls as young as 13, raped them, then sold them to others for sex.300多名记者翻查了莫萨克·冯塞卡泄露出的数百万份文件，揭露了一份令人震惊的客户名单，其中涉及行贿、军火交易、逃税、金融诈骗和毒品交易。在那些发票、邮件和书面记录背后，是一个个真实的受害者。在俄罗斯，一些商人绑架年仅13岁的孤女，对她们实施强奸，并将她们贩卖给他人进行性剥削。One of the alleged ringleaders was a client of Mossack Fonseca's. When the firm discovered their client was a pedophile, they decided they were not legally obliged to report his offshore business activities to authorities. In Uganda, a company that wanted to sell a prospective oil field paid Mossack Fonseca to help it avoid $400 million in taxes.其中一名被指控的幕后主使正是莫萨克·冯塞卡的客户之一。当该公司发现这名客户是恋童癖者时，他们却认定自己在法律上没有义务向当局报告其离岸商业活动。在乌干达，一家想要出售潜在油田的公司向莫萨克·冯塞卡付费，要求其协助逃避4亿美元的税款。It was simple paperwork. The company's address was changed from one tax haven to another. In a country where one in three people live on less than $1.25 a day, $400 million represents more than the government's annual health budget.这一切只是简单的文书操作——把公司的注册地址从一个避税天堂转移到另一个。在一个每三个人中就有一人每天生活费不足1.25美元的国家，4亿美元相当于政府一整年的医疗卫生预算还要多。Uganda spent years in court trying to force the company to pay its taxes. Meanwhile, hospitals in the shadow of the oil field lacked funds for even the most basic equipment. Patients slept on floors.乌干达政府花了数年时间打官司，试图迫使这家公司缴纳税款。与此同时，油田附近的医院却连最基本的设备都缺乏，病人只能睡在地板上。They were asked to bring their own medical supplies, like sterile gloves and cotton balls. It was a surprise to me because I expected all this equipment to be at the health centre. When all these things are not there, nurses say we cannot work anew.病人被要求自带医疗用品，比如无菌手套和棉球。这让我感到震惊，因为我原以为这些设备本就应该在医疗中心配备齐全。当这些东西都没有时，护士们只能说：我们根本无法开展工作。At times we are forced to leave and return home unattended to. Some women have lost their lives and babies. Uganda ranks among the worst 10 countries in the world for high maternal, newborn and child mortality rates due to a lack of access to good health care.有时，我们被迫离开，让产妇无人照看地回家。一些妇女和婴儿因此失去了生命。由于缺乏良好的医疗服务，乌干达在孕产妇、新生儿和儿童高死亡率方面，位列全球最差的十个国家之一。The offshore industry has recently come under fire for enabling dubious activities like these. But firms like Mossack Fonseca have helped clients continue to operate behind a veil of secrecy. Until this shadowy world is held accountable, international criminals will keep doing business, tax dollars will be dodged and bombs will continue to fall。近年来，离岸金融行业因助长此类可疑活动而备受抨击。但像莫萨克·冯塞卡这样的公司，仍然帮助客户在秘密的掩护下继续运作。只要这个阴暗的世界不被追究责任，跨国犯罪就会持续进行，税款将不断被逃避，炸弹也将继续落下。

We ask… What do the US National Turkey Federation, Spanish grape growers, French wine producers and the British Milk Marketing Board all have in common? The answer is they have all used clever marketing to make us buy things because we think it's traditional to do so. But in actual fact, it's just the result of modern advertising campaigns. If we start first of all, then, Richard, with the French wine producers.我们要问的是……美国国家火鸡联合会、西班牙的葡萄种植者、法国的葡萄酒生产商以及英国牛奶营销委员会，这些机构有什么共同点？答案是：他们都运用了巧妙的营销手段，让我们因为“以为这是传统”而去购买某些东西。但事实上，这些所谓的传统，只是现代广告宣传活动的结果。那么，理查德，我们先从法国的葡萄酒生产商说起吧。Yes, there's an area of France, Beaujolais, they produced the first wine after the season's finished. That particular wine, that Beaujolais, became very popular with the Parisians, didn't it? Yes, but the key moment was in 1985 when they chose the third Thursday in November as the first day this wine could be drunk, the first wine in France to be drunk for that season. Yes, Beaujolais Nouveau Day.是的，法国有一个地方叫博若莱，那里的酒庄会在当季结束后酿造出第一批葡萄酒。这种酒——博若莱葡萄酒——在巴黎人当中变得非常受欢迎，对吧？是的，但关键的时刻是在1985年，当时他们把11月的第三个星期四定为这种酒可以正式开喝的第一天，也就是当季法国第一款可以饮用的葡萄酒。没错，这一天就是“博若莱新酒节”。So the French wine producers, they went out of their way to really promote it as the wine to be drunk on that day. And there was a race to get it into London and who was going to drink the first bottle of that year's Beaujolais. Yes, and now millions of bottles are produced and sold each year.因此，法国的葡萄酒生产商不遗余力地把它宣传成“那一天一定要喝的酒”。甚至还出现了谁能最快把酒运到伦敦、谁能喝到当年第一瓶博若莱新酒的竞赛。是的，如今每年都有数百万瓶博若莱新酒被生产并售出。Now, it's interesting because in the United States, it's promoted as the drink for Thanksgiving, which conveniently falls one week after Beaujolais Nouveau Day. The Thanksgiving originally, well, it's supposed to celebrate the early settlers in America in the 17th century. Yes.有意思的是，在美国，它又被宣传成感恩节的应景饮品，而感恩节恰好在博若莱新酒节之后的一周。感恩节最初呢，据说是为了纪念17世纪来到美洲的早期移民。是的。And people think traditionally you've got to eat turkey and pumpkin pie. But actually Thanksgiving first became a national holiday in the US in the 19th century, which is when turkey and pumpkin pie were beginning to become quite popular. But it didn't really become as the thing to eat on Thanksgiving until the mid-20th century.人们普遍认为，按照传统，感恩节就一定要吃火鸡和南瓜派。但事实上，感恩节是在19世纪才成为美国的全国性节日，而那正是火鸡和南瓜派开始流行的时期。不过，它们真正成为“感恩节必吃食物”，其实要到20世纪中叶才算定型。Yes, that's because new methods of intensive farming allowed the turkey industry to produce huge amounts of cheap turkey. And that's when the US National Turkey Federation, they made turkey the thing to eat for Thanksgiving. Yes, turkey wasn't eaten 400 years ago, nor was pumpkin pie.是的，这是因为集约化养殖的新方法，使火鸡产业能够大量生产价格低廉的火鸡。也正是在那个时候，美国国家火鸡联合会把火鸡塑造成感恩节必吃的食物。没错，400年前人们既不吃火鸡，也不吃南瓜派。OK, Richard, what about the Spanish grape growers? Well, in Spain, the arrival of the new year is traditionally welcomed with a glass of Which is a kind of Spanish version of champagne. And 12 grapes. Now, that doesn't hark back to any pagan or ancestral festivity in Spain.好吧，理查德，那西班牙的葡萄种植者又是怎么回事呢？嗯，在西班牙，人们传统上会用一杯（卡瓦酒，一种西班牙版的香槟）和12颗葡萄来迎接新年的到来。而这种做法，并不源自西班牙任何古老的异教或祖先节庆。But again, it's the skilful marketing campaign. Yes, since just the beginning of the 20th century, Alicante, a big grape-producing area, had a bumper harvest and they just found a creative way to sell off their surplus. And now it's become an ancient tradition.但同样，这又是一次高明的营销活动。是的，在20世纪初，作为重要葡萄产区的阿利坎特迎来了大丰收，于是他们想出了一个有创意的方式来消化多余的葡萄。结果，这个做法如今被当成了一项“古老传统”。OK, finally, Richard, go into any pub in the UK and you'll probably be able to buy a cold meal called a ploughman's lunch. Yes, it's basically a salad made with bread and mainly cheese. However, the specific term, the ploughman's lunch, is believed only to date back to the 1950s.好，最后一个例子，理查德。走进英国的任何一家酒吧，你大概都能点到一种叫“农夫午餐”的冷餐。是的，它基本上就是由面包和主要是奶酪组成的一份沙拉。不过，“农夫午餐”这个具体名称，被认为只追溯到20世纪50年代。When cheese was no longer rationed, the meal was promoted in pubs by the milk marketing board as a way to increase their sales. Quite a snappy title, the ploughman's lunch. Again, it's modern marketing and it's become a tradition.当奶酪不再实行配给制度之后，这种餐食被牛奶营销委员会在酒吧中大力推广，用来提高销量。“农夫午餐”这个名字也相当朗朗上口。再一次，这是现代营销的产物，却最终变成了一种传统。

The business news at the moment is dominated by the falling price in oil. We're looking at some of the reasons behind this. So Richard, falling oil prices, what's it all about? Like any commodity, it's all about supply and demand.目前的商业新闻几乎都被油价下跌所主导。我们正在探讨这背后的一些原因。那么，理查德，油价下跌到底是怎么回事？和任何一种大宗商品一样，这归根结底还是供求关系的问题。So presumably you're saying that demand is going down? Demand is going down because the world economy is slowing, especially China. So therefore there is less demand for oil, so the price goes down. So there's a decrease in demand.所以你的意思是需求在下降？是的，需求在下降，因为全球经济正在放缓，尤其是中国。因此，对石油的需求减少，价格自然就下跌了，也就是说需求出现了下降。So what about supply then? Well, that's the double whammy. That's why the oil price has gone down so much, because there's been a surge in supply. From OPEC countries? No, from the US.那供给方面呢？这就是“双重打击”了。这也是油价大幅下跌的原因，因为供应量激增。是来自欧佩克国家吗？不，是来自美国。The US has doubled its production of oil since 2010. How come they've done that? Well, it's all about fracking. Right.自 2010 年以来，美国的石油产量翻了一番。他们为什么能做到这一点？这主要得益于水力压裂技术。对。They're producing oil from new deposits that they're finding in the US. So that's very successful for them. Successful for them.他们正在从美国本土新发现的油藏中开采石油，这对他们来说非常成功。确实是成功的。But again, it leads to a lower oil price. So how much are we talking about then for a barrel of oil, Richard? Well, from a high of $110 a barrel in 2014, it's now less than $50 a barrel. OK.但这同样也导致了油价下跌。那么现在一桶油大概多少钱呢，理查德？2014 年的时候最高达到每桶 110 美元，而现在已经跌到每桶 50 美元以下了。好。So obviously some of the OPEC countries are panicking about this? Yes, but it's affecting them very differently. Some are really suffering. For instance, Nigeria and Russia, they depend on oil.那么显然，一些欧佩克国家对此感到恐慌了？是的，但这对它们的影响各不相同。有些国家确实在承受巨大压力，比如尼日利亚和俄罗斯，它们高度依赖石油。Right. To keep their economy afloat. They are really suffering.没错。为了维持经济运转。它们确实遭受了严重冲击。What about Saudi Arabia? Well, they've got so much oil and they've got so much reserves of cash and oil that they're hoping to ride the storm out. And they, again, they're hoping that the low oil price will send the American frackers out of business. So it really is a supply and demand issue.那沙特阿拉伯呢？他们拥有大量石油资源，同时也积累了大量的现金和石油储备，希望能够挺过这场风暴。而且他们还希望低油价能把美国的页岩油生产商挤出市场。所以归根结底，这还是一个供需问题。Yes, but there's also another factor on supply, on the supply side, because obviously the sanctions have been lifted against Iran. Which is an oil-producing country. They used to produce an awful lot of oil, and obviously now they're going to be producing more again.是的，但在供应端还有另一个因素，那就是对伊朗的制裁已经被解除。伊朗是一个产油国，过去曾生产大量石油，而现在显然又将重新增加产量。Now that the sanctions have lifted. Exactly. So the outlook is for even lower prices.制裁解除之后。没错。所以前景是油价可能会进一步走低。You say that, Richard, but when I take the car to the garage to be filled up with petrol, the prices are going down. Slowly. Slowly.你是这么说的，理查德，但我把车开去加油站加油时，油价确实在下降，只是很慢，很慢。But why is it not going down at the same speed as the price of oil? Well, I think that's quite simple, really, because petrol companies, they're very, very reluctant to lower their prices, aren't they? And if their competitors aren't lowering their prices, they're not going to be lowering their prices. So prices are coming down. But as always happens, the prices go up quickly, but they come down slowly.但为什么油价没有像原油价格那样快速度下降呢？我觉得原因其实很简单，因为石油公司非常不情愿降价，对吧？如果竞争对手不降价，它们也不会降价。所以价格确实在下降，但一如既往，涨得快，跌得慢。Are there any winners in this scenario? Theoretically, yes. Theoretically, Europe, for instance, which is a net importer of oil, they should like it because, obviously, cheaper oil, it should stimulate the economy. But they're keeping quite quiet about this.在这种情况下有没有赢家呢？理论上是有的。比如欧洲，作为石油净进口地区，按理说应该欢迎油价下跌，因为更便宜的石油有助于刺激经济。但他们对此却相当低调。And obviously China as well. They're a big importer of oil. It should be better for them.当然还有中国，他们也是石油进口大国，油价下跌本应对他们更有利。But they're suffering from their economy as well. So there doesn't seem to be any big winners at the moment. So this is something that's going to be affecting the business world for quite some time to come then?但他们的经济本身也面临压力。因此，目前看来并没有真正的赢家。那么，这是否意味着油价问题还将在相当长的一段时间内持续影响商业世界呢？

Some time between now and 2017, the British government will hold a referendum on whether to leave the European Union. We will give the British people a referendum with a very simple in or out choice. But what does leaving the EU actually mean? There's a few scenarios for what could happen.在现在到 2017 年之间的某个时间，英国政府将举行一次是否退出欧盟的全民公投。英国人民将面对一个非常简单的选择：留下还是离开。但“脱欧”究竟意味着什么？可能出现的情况其实有好几种。The first is total independence. Britain becomes just another country that sells to the EU but doesn't have to follow any of its silly rules. Just like the United States.第一种情况是完全独立。英国将成为一个向欧盟出售商品、但不必遵守欧盟那些“繁琐规则”的普通国家，就像美国一样。This sounds empowered, like Britain is finally releasing itself from the shackles of Eurocrats and Brussels. But what it really means is that Britain would have to negotiate everything it sells to Europe on a case-by-case basis. This type of complicated bargaining leads to real costs.听起来这似乎很振奋人心，仿佛英国终于摆脱了欧盟官僚和布鲁塞尔的束缚。但实际上，这意味着英国出口到欧洲的每一种商品都必须逐项谈判。这种复杂的谈判方式会带来实实在在的成本。US companies pay a 10% tariff on any car they sell in Europe. Tariffs on clothing are 30%. This scenario could cost Britain as much as 14% of its GDP.美国公司在欧洲出售汽车需要支付 10% 的关税，服装的关税则高达 30%。在这种情况下，英国可能会付出高达国内生产总值 14% 的代价。That's as much as Greece lost in the first four years of the financial crisis. Alternatively, Britain could leave the EU but stay in the European Economic Area. Under this scenario, Britain becomes Norway.这相当于希腊在金融危机最初四年中所遭受的损失。另一种选择是，英国退出欧盟，但继续留在欧洲经济区。在这种情况下，英国将变成“挪威模式”。It still buys and sells from Europe, but it's not a member of the club anymore. The only problem is, this doesn't actually get Britain out of European control. Members of the European Economic Area still have to contribute to the EU budget.英国仍然可以与欧洲进行买卖，但不再是“俱乐部”的成员。唯一的问题是，这并没有真正让英国摆脱欧盟的控制。欧洲经济区的成员国仍然需要向欧盟预算出资。And they still have to follow EU regulations on everything they sell in Europe. A lot of the arguments for leaving the EU are about the weird rules that British companies have to follow when they export to Europe. But Britain would still have to follow all those rules, it just wouldn't have a say in making them anymore.而且，他们在向欧洲销售商品时仍然必须遵守欧盟的各项规定。许多脱欧的理由，正是因为英国企业在向欧洲出口时不得不遵循那些“奇怪的规则”。但在这种情况下，英国仍然要遵守所有这些规则，只是再也没有参与制定规则的发言权了。The third option is for Britain to negotiate a special deal. A bilateral trade agreement custom-made for its own economy. Under this scenario, Britain becomes Switzerland.第三种选择是英国谈判一份特殊协议——一项为其自身经济量身定制的双边贸易协定。在这种情况下，英国将成为“瑞士模式”。It's not officially a member of the European Economic Area or the EU, but it still gets all the benefits of selling its goods there. The problem with this scenario, though, is negotiating power. According to Brussels, the market can't be divided up sector by sector.瑞士既不是欧洲经济区成员国，也不是欧盟成员国，但仍然能够享受向欧洲销售商品的各种好处。不过，这种模式的问题在于谈判实力。布鲁塞尔方面认为，市场不能被拆分成一个个行业分别谈判。If you want free trade, you have to agree to open up other parts of your market as well. Including the labor market. This is exactly what happened to Switzerland.如果你想要自由贸易，就必须同意同时开放市场的其他部分，包括劳动力市场。这正是瑞士所经历的情况。In 2014, Swiss voters demanded restrictions on EU migration. But Brussels said no. If Switzerland wanted European trade, they had to take European workers as well.2014 年，瑞士选民要求限制来自欧盟的移民，但布鲁塞尔拒绝了这一要求。如果瑞士想继续与欧洲进行贸易，就必须接受欧洲劳工。Switzerland, as a single country, just didn't have the negotiating power to stand up to 28 European countries at once. Most people who want Britain to leave the EU want freer trade and stricter immigration. But with the EU facing an unprecedented migration crisis, it's unlikely that Britain will get both.作为一个单独的国家，瑞士并没有足够的谈判能力去同时对抗 28 个欧洲国家。大多数希望英国脱欧的人，既想要更自由的贸易，又想要更严格的移民政策。但在欧盟正面临前所未有的移民危机之际，英国同时得到这两点的可能性并不大。Maybe the EU is too rigid and too boring. Maybe it does need to adapt as the world changes around it. Maybe the exact thing it needs is a big, liberal, pragmatic member to push it in that direction and do it from the inside.也许欧盟确实过于僵化、过于乏味。也许它确实需要随着世界的变化而进行调整。也许它真正需要的，正是一个规模大、开放、务实的成员国，从内部推动它朝这个方向改变。I wonder who that could be.我在想，那会是谁呢？

Children, particularly those under the age of seven, seem to develop more aggressive type 1 diabetes than those diagnosed later in life. Researchers at the University of Exeter studied pancreas samples from 250 donors, allowing them to see how the beta cells which produce the hormone insulin formed normally and in type 1.儿童，尤其是七岁以下的儿童，似乎比在年龄更大时诊断出的人 1 型糖尿病发展得更凶猛。埃克塞特大学的研究人员仔细研究了来自 250 名捐赠者的胰腺样本，这让他们得以一窥产生胰岛素这种激素的胰岛 β 细胞在正常人的胰腺和 1 型糖尿病患者的胰腺中形成方式的区别。They showed early in life the beta cells live in small clusters which are easy for the immune system to pick off and destroy. The researchers say it's a really significant finding and that the future was looking much brighter with drugs that can slow the immune system's attack.这些样本显示出在生命早期胰岛 β 细胞会以小团的形式存在，这让免疫系统能够轻易地识别并破坏它们。研究人员称这项发现意义重大，它为糖尿病治疗的未来带来了希望，因为将会有可以减缓免疫系统攻击的药物。

We've all heard advice about good sleep hygiene. No phones or caffeine before bed, and make sure that we get a good eight hours' rest. But is this the best sleep pattern, or have we just been led to it by modern life?我们都听过关于良好睡眠习惯的建议：睡前不要玩手机或摄入咖啡因，并且要确保有充足的八小时睡眠。但这真的是最好的睡眠模式吗？还是说，我们只是被现代生活方式引导成这样的？Artificial light in our houses and streets means that we no longer have to go to bed at sundown. Having a job to go to at a set time in the morning can be the main determining factor on when we decide to rouse ourselves. In past centuries, the time of sunset and sunrise had a much bigger impact on people's days. Historical studies have shown that in many parts of the world it was common for people to sleep in two sections, from dusk until around 11 and then from one in the morning until sunrise. This segmented or biphasal sleep pattern is referred to as far back in history as ancient Greece.家中和街道上的人工照明，使我们不再需要在日落时就上床睡觉。而早晨必须在固定时间上班，往往成为我们决定何时起床的主要因素。在过去的几个世纪里，日落和日出的时间对人们的日常生活影响要大得多。历史研究表明，在世界许多地区，人们普遍采取分两段的睡眠方式：从黄昏睡到大约晚上十一点，再从凌晨一点睡到日出。这种分段式或“双相睡眠”模式，早在古希腊时期的历史记载中就已经出现。So, if modern sleep patterns are in some part due to modern lifestyles and technologies, could segmented sleep patterns be more natural? Some studies suggest that they are. The circadian rhythms that determine when we start to feel drowsy are greatly affected by light. Study participants subjected to 14 hours of complete darkness a day started to develop a biphasal sleeping pattern. As recently as 2017, similar patterns have also been seen in some communities in rural Madagascar that do not have access to electric light.那么，如果现代的睡眠模式在某种程度上是现代生活方式和技术造成的，分段睡眠是否反而更自然呢？一些研究表明，答案是肯定的。决定我们何时开始感到困倦的昼夜节律，会受到光线的强烈影响。研究中，每天处在十四小时完全黑暗环境下的参与者，开始逐渐形成双相睡眠模式。甚至就在2017年，在马达加斯加一些无法使用电灯的农村社区中，也观察到了类似的睡眠模式。They may be more natural, but are these sleeping patterns healthier? Experts caution that the small number of studies carried out means that the risks and benefits of segmented sleeping are not well understood. Nevertheless, some people have found it to be a useful way to find time to be creative. Psychologist Gregg Jacobs suggests that the period of time that people used to spend awake in past centuries could have been used to regulate stress. Other experts remind us that many people find that they wake in the night, and then get anxious at not being able to get back to sleep, which in itself exacerbates any sleeplessness.这种睡眠方式也许更自然，但是否更健康呢？专家提醒，由于相关研究数量有限，分段睡眠的风险和益处仍未被充分了解。尽管如此，一些人发现这种方式能帮助他们腾出时间进行创造性活动。心理学家格雷格·雅各布斯认为，在过去的几个世纪里，人们夜间清醒的那段时间，可能被用来调节压力。其他专家则提醒我们，很多人会在夜里醒来，并因无法再次入睡而感到焦虑，而这种焦虑本身反而会加重失眠。Making use of the awake time to do something restful could help people improve their sleep. If you do want to try it, sleep researcher Mary Carskadon reminds us that we should stay away from bright lights to avoid disturbing our circadian rhythms. You also might want to check that it won't disturb your work and social life too much.如果能善用夜间清醒的时间，去做一些让人放松的事情，或许有助于改善睡眠。如果你想尝试这种方式，睡眠研究员玛丽·卡斯卡登提醒，应当远离强光，以免干扰昼夜节律。同时，你也需要确认这种作息不会对你的工作和社交生活造成太大的影响。

At least 12 homes were either destroyed or damaged when a wildfire swept through a coastal area north of Sydney, local authorities said.当地政府表示，悉尼以北的沿海地区遭遇野火侵袭，至少有 12 所房屋被毁或受损。The blaze broke out in the town of Colwong, New South Wales.这场大火发生在新南威尔士州的科尔旺镇。Scores of wildfires are burning across the state, fueled by soaring temperatures.由于气温飙升，全州有数十处野火正在燃烧。An unnamed local resident said, you had no time to even think, we've lost everything, all we've got left is what we're wearing.一位未透露姓名的当地居民表示：“你根本没有时间思考，我们失去了一切，现在唯一剩下的就是身上穿的这些。”Aerial footage shows several homes ablaze as firefighting helicopters work to extinguish the flames.航拍画面显示，多座房屋正在燃烧，灭火直升机正努力扑灭火势。

Our striker falls out with Liverpool and we meet two furry besties having the time of their lives. Okay, but first this morning, will you be sending a Christmas card to your friends this year where King Charles and Queen Camilla have been showing off their official card?我们的前锋与利物浦闹翻了，而我们也会见到两位毛茸茸的好朋友，正在享受他们人生中最快乐的时光。好了，但首先今早——你今年会给朋友们寄圣诞卡吗？查尔斯国王和卡米拉王后已经展示了他们的官方圣诞卡。It shows the royals on a recent trip to Rome in Italy. The Prince and Princess of Wales have also been getting into the festive spirit along with their children, Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis.卡片上展示的是他们最近前往意大利罗马旅行的照片。威尔士亲王与王妃也和他们的孩子——乔治王子、夏洛特公主和路易王子——一起融入了节日的氛围。They all attended a special Christmas carol service at Westminster Abbey in London.他们全家参加了在伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂举行的一场特别圣诞颂歌活动。Okay, football now and there's been very strong words from Liverpool superstar Mohamed Salah who has hit out saying he's getting all the blame for the team's problems this season.好了，现在说足球。利物浦球星穆罕默德·萨拉赫发表了强烈言论，指责自己成了本赛季球队所有问题的“背锅者”。The striker has been dropped from the team in the club's last three games after Liverpool's bad run in the Premier League and with the transfer window opening soon, he also said he wasn't sure if he would be playing for Liverpool again.由于利物浦在英超表现不佳，这名前锋在球队最近三场比赛中被排除在名单之外。而随着转会窗即将开启，他也表示自己不确定是否会继续为利物浦效力。Well, let's stay with a bit of sport now. The torch for next year's Winter Olympics has arrived in Italy's capital Rome.好吧，我们继续聊体育。明年冬奥会的火炬已经抵达意大利首都罗马。The games take place in the country in February and the flame will now travel on a two-month relay around Italy.冬奥会将于明年二月在意大利举行，火种现在将开始为期两个月的全国接力之旅。The journey will finish in the city of Milan when the torch will enter the famous San Siro football stadium on the evening of the 6th of February, ready for the opening ceremony of the Winter Games.火炬旅程将在米兰结束，2 月 6 日晚上将进入著名的圣西罗足球场，为冬奥会开幕式做好准备。Right, with the end of term just around the corner, not long now, it's time to start thinking about all the Christmas telly we can enjoy. Here's what's coming up.好了，随着学期即将结束，假期就要来了，是时候想想我们能看的圣诞电视节目了。以下是即将播出的内容。Once school has finished and the Christmas holidays begin, my favourite thing to do is get into my festive PJs, grab some top tier snacks and get cosy on the sofa to watch the best of Christmas TV and films.一到放假、圣诞假期开始，我最喜欢做的事就是换上节日睡衣，拿点顶级零食，窝在沙发上看最棒的圣诞节目和电影。Well do not fear, I have you covered. Let's start off with the Scarecrow's Wedding.别担心，我已经帮你准备好了。让我们从《稻草人的婚礼》开始。Harry loved Betty and Betty loved Harry. So Harry said, Betty, my beauty, let's marry. Many of you may have read the book when you were younger.哈里爱贝蒂，贝蒂也爱哈里。所以哈里说：“贝蒂，我的美人儿，我们结婚吧。”很多人小时候可能读过这本书。It's by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler, who also did The Gruffalo. It's going to be on the BBC on Christmas Day.它由朱莉娅·唐纳森和阿克塞尔·舍夫勒创作，他们也是《咕噜牛》的作者。它将在圣诞节当天于 BBC 播出。And also on BBC, do you recognise this yellow bear? Yes, correct, it's Pudsey.另外在 BBC，你认得这只黄色的小熊吗？没错，就是帕德西（Pudsey）。And in an exciting first, the Children in Need mascot will be in a special animation. Pudsey and the Thread of Hope will be on BBC on Christmas Eve. They should be.更令人兴奋的是，“儿童慈善募捐”活动的吉祥物将首次出现在特别动画中。《帕德西与希望之线》将在平安夜于 BBC 播出，绝对值得期待。I love Nina's fake fireplace. Have you been doing that at home? It's cool, isn't it?我喜欢妮娜的假壁炉。你家会这样布置吗？是不是很酷？Now, have you ever met someone and known instantly that you're going to be besties? Well, it looks like Nyle and Shanti got that feeling when they met for the first time at Chester Zoo.你有没有遇到一个人，一见面就知道你们会成为最好的朋友？好吧，看起来奈尔和珊缇在切斯特动物园第一次见面时就有这种感觉。They're both extremely rare Asiatic lions, and they've been brought together to help protect the species from extinction.它们都是极其珍稀的亚洲狮，被带到一起是为了帮助保护这个濒危物种。They love playing together in their new home, which is designed to look like the Indian forest where they usually live in the wild.它们喜欢在新家一起玩耍，而新家被设计得像它们在野外生活的印度森林一样。OK, that's all from me and the TV team for this weekend. Don't forget, there's loads more stories on our website, including plans to explore Mars, musical instruments made out of shells, and a way to send us a photo of your Christmas decorations. Take care.好了，这就是我和电视团队本周末的全部内容。别忘了，我们网站上还有更多故事，包括探索火星的计划、用贝壳制作的乐器，还有一种方式可以让你发送圣诞装饰的照片给我们。保重！

But China discounts energy costs for a chip company by 50%. That's right. They provide free transportation for employees to come out to the factory.但中国会将芯片公司的能源成本打五折。没错。他们还为员工提供免费的上下班交通，让他们去工厂。That's right. I mean, you don't, you can't do that. Our energy cost is more expensive than theirs in the first place.没错。我的意思是，你不能、也做不到这样。首先，我们的能源成本本来就比他们贵。Absolutely. And then they discount it 50%. And so it's probably, we'll probably call it four to eight times the cost.确实如此。然后他们再打五折。所以我们这边的成本可能要高出四到八倍。So tell me, how do you feel about this great competition with China? I mean, the government is putting enormous resources underneath their champion. We don't do that in this country. You know, how do you feel about that?那么告诉我，你怎么看待与中国之间的这场激烈竞争？我的意思是，中国政府在他们的“冠军企业”背后投入了巨大的资源。而在我们国家，我们不会这么做。你怎么看？Well, before I get there, don't let me not answer that question. I'm dying to answer it. But let me handicap the next two layers.好吧，在我回答之前，你别担心，我一定会回答这个问题，我非常想回答。但让我先分析接下来的两个层面。The model layer, the model layer, United States frontier models, our frontier models are unquestionably world class.首先是模型层，模型层。美国的前沿模型，我们的前沿模型毫无疑问是世界一流的。We are probably, call it six months ahead. However, out of the 1.4 million models, most of them are open source. China is well ahead, way ahead on open source.我们大概领先六个月左右。然而，在全球 140 万个模型中，大部分是开源的。而在开源领域，中国遥遥领先，领先得非常明显。Now, the reason why open source is so important is because without open source, startups can't thrive, university researchers can't do research, you can't teach AI, scientists can't use AI.开源之所以如此重要，是因为没有开源，初创企业无法发展，大学研究人员无法研究，你无法教授 AI，科学家也无法使用 AI。Basically, all of the industry around your economy have no ability to fundamentally advance themselves unless you have open source. Without Linux, where would we be? Without Kubernetes, without PyTorch, all of these different types of technologies that made AI thrive are all open source.基本上，除非有开源，否则你经济中的各行业都无法从根本上取得进步。没有 Linux，我们会在哪里？没有 Kubernetes，没有 PyTorch？所有让 AI 繁荣发展的这些技术全都是开源的。They are well ahead of us on open source. And then the layer above that, applications.他们在开源上远远领先我们。接下来，在更上层的是应用层。If you were to do apollof their society and ours, and you ask them, is AI likely to do more good than harm? They're going to say, in their case, 80% would say AI will do more good than harm.如果你在他们的社会和我们的社会做一个调查，问大家：AI 是“利大于弊”还是“弊大于利”？在他们那边，可能有 80% 的人会说 AI 利大于弊。In our case, it'd be the other way around. And so that tells you something that's very, very important.在我们这边，结果则完全相反。所以这说明了一个非常非常重要的事情。Socially, socially, we need to be careful not to describe AI in these science fiction movie ways of describing AI and causing people so much concern.在社会层面上，我们必须谨慎，不能用科幻电影那种方式去描述 AI，导致公众产生巨大的恐惧。We want to be concerned, but we also want to be practical. AI is about automation.我们当然应该保持关注，但也要保持务实。AI 本质上是关于自动化的。And that area, I think that we need to be careful not to fall behind in the application and the diffusion of AI, because in the end, whoever applies the technology first and most wins that industrial revolution.而在这个领域，我认为我们必须小心，不要在 AI 的应用与普及方面落后。因为最终，谁最先、最多地应用这项技术，谁就会赢得那场工业革命。As you know, electricity was invented in the UK, but the United States applied it faster, more broadly, and as a result, look where we are.你知道，电是英国发明的，但美国更快、更广泛地应用了电力技术，因此看看我们今天的发展。And so we have to be a little mindful. And so anyways, I just handicapped that stack.所以我们必须有所警惕。总之，我刚才对这个技术栈做了整体分析。And I don't think it's—it's important when you're looking at AI not to see it as a holistic thing. It's really not about ChatGPT versus DeepSeek.我不认为——重要的是，当你看待 AI 时，不要把它当成一个整体。它并不是 ChatGPT 对 DeepSeek 的简单对比。You have to look at it across all of the stacks and across all of the industries.你必须从所有技术层、所有产业层面去看它。Does that make sense? It's a little bit more complicated than one simple answer.这样说有道理吗？这件事比一个简单的回答要复杂得多。

Unless you're an astronomer, the moment when the star in the center of this image flickers may not seem so exciting.除非你是天文学家，否则画面中央那颗星星闪烁的瞬间可能并不那么令人兴奋。But it marks the passage of an asteroid, space objects which are usually too small and faint to see.但它标志着一颗小行星的掠过，小行星这类太空物体通常太小太暗而难以观测。Those asteroids sometimes pass very close to us. They are detected a few hours, a few days before the flyby.那些小行星有时会离我们非常近，它们通常在飞掠前几小时或几天被探测到。And if we don't follow them up while they're doing the flyby, we will basically lose them.如果我们在它们飞过的时候没有进行追踪，我们就会失去其踪迹。In this case, the critical data came from a new consumer telescope carried in a backpack to a desert in Oman.在这种情况下，关键数据来自一台被装入背包带到阿曼的新型消费级望远镜。Franck Marchis, whose day job at SETI Institute involves working with the world's largest telescopes, designed the eVscope with colleagues at Unistellar to inspire a movement of citizen scientists.弗兰克·马基斯在SETI研究所的日常工作涉及使用全球最大的望远镜，他与Unistellar的同事们共同设计了eVscope，旨在激励全民科学家运动。The goal of the company is to democratize astronomy. I think we are ready for that.公司的目标是使每个人都接触天文学，我认为我们已经准备好了。Advances in technology give the eVscope the power of a room sized telescope while making it much easier to use.技术的进步使Evie望远镜具有房间大小的望远镜的威力，但同时也更易于使用。If you choose a point of interest with the App, the eVscope locates it using a star database as a map.如果用户通过应用程序选择一个兴趣点，eVscope会利用星体数据库作为地图来定位它。A low light sensor enhances faint stars by combining multiple exposures.微光传感器通过组合多次曝光来增强微弱星光。Users can also upload what they're seeing for researchers to analyze.用户还可以上传他们看到的内容，供研究人员分析。So we'd be able to send notification to our users when there is something interesting to observe in the sky, a new comet, a new supernova.当天空中出现值得观测的有趣现象时，比如新彗星或新超新星，我们就能向用户发送通知。We are going to be able to put together all those observations and get the best picture.我们将能够把所有这些观测结果整合起来，从而获得最清晰的全貌。An algorithm will search for the unexpected, like asteroids heading our way.算法会搜索意外情况，比如朝着我们飞来的小行星。Or it could be something even more exotic, like the birth of a civilization trying to communicate with us.也可能是更离奇的东西，比如一个试图与我们交流的文明的诞生。Citizen scientists can have a key role in this new era of space discovery. 全民科学家可以在这个太空发现的新时代发挥关键作用。

Because according to recent polling from Gallup, Americans' trust in mass media has fallen to a record low.因为根据盖洛普最近的民调，美国人对大众媒体的信任度已经降到历史最低点。Millions of Americans, especially young people, have turned from traditional television outlets and newspapers to consume their news from podcasts, blogs, social media, and other independent outlets.数百万美国人，尤其是年轻人，已经不再依赖传统电视和报纸获取新闻，而是转向播客、博客、社交媒体以及其他独立资讯平台。It's essential to our team that we share this message everywhere and adapt this White House to the new media landscape in 2025.对我们团队来说，在各个渠道传达这一信息，并让白宫适应 2025 年的新媒体环境，是至关重要的。To do this, I am excited to announce the following changes will be made to this historic James S. Brady briefing room where Mr. Brady's legacy will endure.为此，我很高兴宣布，我们将对这间历史悠久的詹姆斯·布雷迪简报室进行以下改动，而布雷迪先生的精神将在这里继续传承。

These women own businesses in Accra, work with nonprofits and women in northern Ghana to source raw materials for their goods, such as shea butter.这些女性在阿克拉做生意，与加纳北部的非营利组织和妇女合作，为她们的商品采购原材料，比如乳木果油。The butter extracted from the nut of the African shea tree is a staple in Violet, a MOB's line of Natural Beauty products.从非洲乳木果树坚果中提取的乳木果油是MOB旗下紫罗兰系列天然美妆产品线的主打成分。She says one of their goals is to help women keep the next generation out of poverty.她说，他们的目标之一是帮助妇女使下一代脱贫。So we ensure that they're able to use the profits or the money they get from our purchases to improve their livelihood by doing things like building clinics, taking their children to school and ensuring that they have a job.我们确保他们能够利用从我们购买中获得的利润或资金来改善生活，比如建造诊所、送孩子上学以及确保他们有工作。Mobarika Awudu supports women in the north by buying their handmade fabric to make beds for Accra markets.Mobarika Awudu通过购买北方女性手工制作的布料，为阿克拉市场制作床品来支持她们。Her father came from a small northern village, so she is aware of the many hardships in the region.她的父亲来自北方的一个小村庄，因此她深知该地区的诸多艰辛。She says women's economic independence has become especially important this year as incomes were stretched because of the coronavirus pandemic.她说今年女性的经济独立变得尤为重要，因为新冠疫情导致收入紧张。Some of them are doing well. They have started with weaving alone. Now they have apprentices that they are training as well.他们中有些人做得不错，一开始只是从事织布工作。现在他们还有正在培训的学徒。Especially now that the schools are locked down, most of the girls are now learning how to make a living from weaving.尤其是现在学校停课，大多数女孩都在学习如何通过织布谋生。Threaded Tribes puts a modern twist on traditional fashion to encourage young people to appreciate African style.Threaded Tribes为传统时尚注入现代元素，旨在鼓励年轻人欣赏非洲风格。It sources fabrics from across Africa and works with northern Ghanaian women who do the weaving.该公司从非洲各地采购布料，并与加纳北部的女性织工合作。The fact that they're women makes me happy. I don't think there are barely any men weavers to be honest because they'd be in the farms.和这些女性合作让我很开心。老实说，我认为几乎没有男性织工，因为他们都在农场干活。And even though women be in the farms too, but the weaving is a women business.尽管女性也在农场劳作，但织布是女性的行当。And being a woman in a black area, it's amazing. It's so amazing to be able to do this with women. To be honest, it's great.作为一名黑人社区的女性，能和女性们一起做这件事简直太棒了。说实话，这感觉好极了。While the north produces quality materials, there are few jobs leading young people to move south, many to already crowded cities.北方生产优质原材料，但就业机会却很少，这使得年轻人纷纷南下，许多人涌入本就拥挤的城市。Ghana's business experts say more investment is needed in the north to expand job prospects and to improve working conditions.加纳商业专家表示北部地区需要更多投资以扩大就业前景并改善工作条件。In terms of development, when you look at all the different regions in Ghana, some of the most deprived can be found in north.从发展角度来看，加纳各地中一些最贫困的地区位于北部。So it's only fair that given that they are giving us so much value, at least we give back a bit to ensure that the community also thrives.既然他们给了我们这么多价值，至少我们也应该回馈一些，以确保社区同样蓬勃发展，这才公平。Investing in women, say experts, is one of the best ways to develop local economies, a practice that these Accra business women are only too happy to support. 专家指出，投资女性是发展地方经济最有效的途径之一，阿克拉的这些女企业家们非常乐意支持这一做法。