英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

As winter takes its icy grip, and we head outside into a cold and crisp morning, we might be dreaming of warmer and sunnier days that lie ahead. Although, for many, summer might give us the most clement weather, our changing climate might mean that our chilly winter season becomes a thing of the past. So maybe we should enjoy it while we can.随着冬天的冰冷，我们走到外面进入一个寒冷而清爽的早晨，我们可能梦想着未来更温暖、更阳光的日子。尽管对许多人来说，夏天可能会给我们带来最温和的天气，但我们不断变化的气候可能意味着我们寒冷的冬季将成为过去。所以也许我们应该尽可能地享受它。Last year, the World Meteorological Organization found that the Earth continued to endure a period of significant heating, making it one of the three hottest years on record. The most notable warmth was in the Siberian Arctic, where temperatures were 5°C above average. The evidence shows that much of this climate warming is driven by human activity.去年，世界气象组织发现地球继续经历一段显着升温的时期，使其成为有记录以来最热的三个年份之一。最显着的温暖出现在西伯利亚北极地区，那里的温度比平均水平高 5°C。证据表明，这种气候变暖在很大程度上是由人类活动驱动的。With a shift in meteorological conditions, we’re likely to see more record-breaking temperatures, where, in certain places, summers will be scorching hot and winters mild. This means for some, snowy winters could become a thing of the past. In the UK, a series of projections, based on accelerating global emissions, found that the average coldest day would not drop below freezing point. Dr Lizzie Kendon, a senior Met Office scientist, told the BBC: “It could mean the end of sledging, snowmen and snowball fights… the overarching picture is warmer, wetter winters; hotter, drier summers.” She’s described this as ‘a wake-up call’.随着气象条件的变化，我们可能会看到更多破纪录的气温，在某些地方，夏天会很热，冬天会很温和。这意味着对一些人来说，下雪的冬天可能会成为过去。在英国，基于全球排放加速的一系列预测发现，平均最冷日不会降至冰点以下。气象局高级科学家莉齐·肯登博士告诉 BBC：“这可能意味着雪橇、雪人和打雪仗的结束……总体情况是更温暖、更潮湿的冬天；夏天更热、更干燥。”她将此描述为“敲响警钟”。Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the obvious way to slow the rate of change in our climate. Some nations are promising to do this, but already we’re experiencing less snowfall and fewer frosty mornings. And on a bigger scale, glaciers are melting. According to modelling by Aberystwyth University in the UK, up to 92% of glaciers in the Alps could be lost by the end of the century due to climate change. So, if you’re lucky enough to be looking out on a winter wonderland, get outside and make the most of it before it melts.减少温室气体排放是减缓气候变化速度的明显方法。一些国家承诺这样做，但我们已经在经历更少的降雪和更少的霜冻早晨。在更大的范围内，冰川正在融化。根据英国阿伯里斯特威斯大学的模型，到本世纪末，由于气候变化，阿尔卑斯山多达 92% 的冰川可能会消失。所以，如果你有幸看到了一个冬季仙境，那就到外面去，在它融化之前充分利用它。词汇表icy grip 冰冷刺骨crisp 干冷的clement 温和的chilly 冷飕飕的heating 升温warmth 温暖temperature 温度climate warming 气候变暖meteorological conditions 气象条件record-breaking temperatures 破记录的气温scorching 灼热的，炎热的mild 温和的snowy 下雪的，多雪的global emissions 全球排放freezing point 冰点sledging 滑雪橇snowman 雪人snowball fight 打雪仗greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放snowfall 降雪frosty 霜冻的glacier 冰川melt 融化winter wonderland 冬日仙境

Have you got any gadgets hanging around your home that you no longer want or use? Between us, we have millions of bits of tech stockpiled in drawers that could be given a new lease of life.你家里有没有你不再想要或不再使用的小玩意儿？在我们之间，我们有数以百万计的技术储存在抽屉里，可以赋予新的生命。Part of the problem for our unloved gadgets is that many become obsolete quickly because their software doesn’t get updated. Other items are left unused because they’re broken or they’ve become superseded by a fancy new version. Many of these items are electronics, but despite them appearing to be past their sell-by date, they don’t need to end up in landfill.对于我们不受欢迎的小工具来说，部分问题在于，许多小工具很快就会过时，因为它们的软件没有得到更新。其他物品因损坏或已被花哨的新版本取代而未使用。这些物品中有许多是电子产品，但尽管它们似乎已经过了保质期，但它们最终不需要进入垃圾填埋场。There are several ways to make the most of our unwanted gadgets. Recycling is the obvious solution. Materials used to make them can be extracted and reused in other things. As an example, Elisabeth Ratcliffe from the Royal Society of Chemistry told the BBC: “There are about thirty different elements just in a smartphone, and many of them are very rare.” These can be used in touch screens and solar panels.有几种方法可以充分利用我们不需要的小工具。回收是显而易见的解决方案。用于制造它们的材料可以提取并在其他事物中重复使用。例如，英国皇家化学学会的伊丽莎白·拉特克利夫告诉 BBC：“仅在智能手机中就有大约 30 种不同的元素，其中许多非常罕见。”这些可用于触摸屏和太阳能电池板。Probably the best antidote to our throwaway culture is to repair our broken tech. This takes patience and skill, which can be learnt at repair clubs and repair cafés –free meeting places where you’ll find tools and materials to help you make any repairs you need. In the UK, the interest in mending our stuff and giving it a new life is reflected by the popularity of a TV series called The Repair Shop, where craftspeople rescue and resurrect items their owners thought were beyond saving.可能对我们的一次性文化最好的解毒剂是修复我们损坏的技术。这需要耐心和技巧，可以在维修俱乐部和维修咖啡馆学习——免费的聚会场所，在那里您可以找到工具和材料来帮助您进行所需的任何维修。在英国，修补我们的东西并赋予它新生命的兴趣反映在一部名为“修理店”的电视连续剧的流行中，工匠们在其中拯救并复活了他们的主人认为无法挽救的物品。A final option for your discarded gadgets is to upcycle them. You can breathe new life into unwanted stuff by transforming it into valuable pieces or collectable retroitems. These could be sold on, meaning you can make some cash from your junk and create much needed space in your home!您丢弃的小工具的最后一个选择是升级它们。您可以通过将其转化为有价值的物品或可收藏的复古物品，为不需要的东西注入新的活力。这些可以出售，这意味着您可以从垃圾中赚取一些现金，并在家中创造急需的空间！词汇表stockpile 囤积a new lease of life 使用寿命延长obsolete 废弃的，淘汰的unused 闲置的superseded 被取代electronics 电子产品past (their) sell-by date 不再为人所用（原意：过了保质期）landfill 垃圾填埋场recycling 回收利用extracted 被提取element 部件antidote 缓解办法，对抗手段throwaway culture 一次性文化repair 维修，修复tool 工具，器具repair（名词） 修理，修补mend 修理，修补craftspeople 手艺人，工匠resurrect 恢复，重新使用discarded 废弃的，丢弃的upcycle 升级再造，改造breathe new life into something 赋予生机，注入活力transform 使…大变样junk 破烂，垃圾

We are all aware of the damaging pollution that’s created by driving petrol and diesel vehicles. Many of the world’s cities are clogged with traffic, creating fumes containing gases such as nitrogen oxides. The solution for a cleaner, greener future could be electric vehicles. But how optimistic should we be?我们都知道驾驶汽油和柴油车辆会造成破坏性污染。世界上许多城市都被交通堵塞，产生含有氮氧化物等气体的烟雾。实现更清洁、更环保的未来的解决方案可能是电动汽车。但是我们应该乐观到什么程度呢？There was much excitement last year when the UK government announced it will ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030. But is that easier said than done? The road to global traffic being totally electric is still a long way off. Currently, battery life is an issue – a fully charged battery won’t take you as far as a full tank of petrol. There are also limited numbers of charging points to plug an EV into.去年，当英国政府宣布将从 2030 年起禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车时，人们非常兴奋。但这说起来容易做起来难吗？通往全球交通完全电动化的道路还有很长的路要走。目前，电池寿命是一个问题——充满电的电池不会带你走满油箱。插入电动汽车的充电点数量也有限。Of course, technology is always improving. Some of the biggest tech companies, like Google and Tesla, are spending huge amounts of money developing electric cars. And most of the big car manufacturers are now making them too. Colin Herron, a consultant on low-carbon vehicle technology, told the BBC: “The big leap forward will come with solid state batteries, which will appear first in mobile phones and laptops before they progress to cars.” These will charge more quickly and give cars a bigger range.当然，技术总是在进步。一些最大的科技公司，如谷歌和特斯拉，正在投入巨资开发电动汽车。大多数大型汽车制造商现在也在制造它们。低碳汽车技术顾问科林赫伦告诉 BBC：“固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，固态电池将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑中，然后再发展为汽车。”这些将更快地充电并为汽车提供更大的续航里程。Cost is another issue that may deter people switching to electric power. But some countries offer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds of measures have made Norway the country with the most electric cars per capita at more than thirty electric cars per 1000 inhabitants.成本是另一个可能阻止人们转向电力的问题。但一些国家提供激励措施，例如通过降低进口税来降低价格，以及不收取道路税和停车费。有些还为电动汽车提供专用车道，超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车。这些措施使挪威成为人均电动汽车最多的国家，每 1000 名居民拥有超过 30 辆电动汽车。But Colin Herron warns that ‘electric motoring’ doesn’t mean a zero-carbon future. “It’s emission-free motoring, but the car has to be built, the battery has to be built, and the electricity does come from somewhere.” Maybe it’s time to think about making fewer journeys or using public transport.但科林赫伦警告说，“电动汽车”并不意味着零碳的未来。 “这是无排放的汽车，但必须制造汽车，制造电池，而且电力确实来自某个地方。”也许是时候考虑减少旅行或使用公共交通工具了。词汇表pollution 污染petrol 汽油diesel 柴油vehicle 车辆，交通工具traffic 交通量fumes （有害的）气体，烟雾nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物electric vehicle (EV) 电动汽车battery life 电池使用时间，电池寿命tank （盛放液体或气体的）容器，罐，箱charging point 充电桩range 行驶距离electric power 电力road tax 公路税parking 停车lane 车道jam 交通堵塞electric motoring 电动车zero-carbon 净零排放emission-free 零排放，无排放的public transport 公共交通

What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or creepy crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause an irrational reaction that can’t be controlled – something we call a phobia. It occurs when someone develops an exaggerated or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.什么是让你害怕的东西：蛇、蜘蛛或令人毛骨悚然的爬行动物？或者，也许你有恐高症或去看牙医。虽然我们中的一些人只是对这些事情感到害怕或有点紧张，但对其他人来说，它可能会导致无法控制的非理性反应——我们称之为恐惧症。当某人对某种情况或物体产生一种夸大或不切实际的危险感时，就会发生这种情况。Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain alerts us to the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often rationalise the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Mansell told the BBC: “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains – we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says: “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognising a threat and preparing your body for fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.有时，了解事物可能带来的危险是件好事。我们的大脑提醒我们注意可能存在的风险，但随后我们经常将风险合理化并克服它们。临床心理学家沃伦·曼塞尔告诉 BBC：“我们的恐惧根深蒂固，我们不需要学会害怕像蛇或蜘蛛这样的动物。”但恐惧症比恐惧更强烈。沃伦说：“大脑中一个叫做杏仁核的区域正在识别威胁并让你的身体为战斗或逃跑做好准备。”患有恐惧症时，你的呼吸变得更快，你的脉搏加快，你出汗，你的血液中含有更多的葡萄糖，增加了你的能量，你的大脑无法控制这些反应。But where does a phobia come from? Speaking to the BBC, Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says: “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you have learnt from your own experience.” Or a trauma from a past event that comes back to haunt you.但是恐惧症从何而来？恐惧和恐惧症专家劳伦·罗森伯格在接受 BBC 采访时说：“恐惧症通常是来自更高权威的复制行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西。”或者来自过去事件的创伤再次困扰着你。There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia – triggered by being away from home, social anxiety disorder – feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia – fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioural therapy is one option, where you gradually get used to whatever it is you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，例如广场恐惧症 - 由远离家乡引发，社交焦虑症 - 在社交场合感到焦虑，以及 iatrophobia - 对医生的恐惧。但是如何才能克服呢？认知行为疗法是一种选择，在这种疗法中，您会逐渐习惯于恐惧的一切。 Lauren Rosenburg 说她喜欢与人们合作以清除他们的潜意识记忆并帮助他们呼吸。但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图避免你害怕的事情可能会使情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是个好主意。词汇表scare （使）害怕a fear of 对…害怕irrational 不理智的，荒唐的sense of danger 危机感rationalise 合理地解释overcome 克服，战胜hard-wired 根植于，天生的amygdala 杏仁核（产生、识别、调节情绪的脑部组织）threat 威胁，恐吓fight or flight 战斗或逃跑，或战或退breathing 呼吸pulse 脉搏sweat 出汗，流汗trauma 精神或心理创伤haunt 长期困扰，（使）经常苦恼agoraphobia 恐旷症trigger 引起，引发（坏事）social anxiety disorder 社交焦虑症，社交焦虑障碍iatrophobia 医生恐惧症cognitive behavioural therap

Warning! This article could be bad for your health! As many of us endure the long, cold winter, we are tempted to tuck into some filling and fattening foods. This is sometimes because it helps us to keep warm and to give us energy, but often it’s because we need something to cheer us up. And, for a short while at least, it makes us feel better – which is why we call it ‘comfort food’.警告！这篇文章可能对您的健康有害！当我们中的许多人忍受漫长而寒冷的冬天时，我们很想吃一些填充和增肥的食物。这有时是因为它可以帮助我们保持温暖并给我们能量，但通常是因为我们需要一些东西来让我们振作起来。而且，至少在短时间内，它让我们感觉更好——这就是我们称之为“舒适食品”的原因。The type of food that makes us feel good varies from person to person – it depends on your palate and the association you have with particular tastes, textures and smells. But probably the most universally popular edible comforter is the biscuit. It’s thought this go-to snack often brings back happy memories of childhood and family, as well as giving us that all-important sugary pick-me-up.让我们感觉良好的食物类型因人而异——这取决于您的味觉以及您与特定口味、质地和气味的关联。但可能最普遍流行的可食用被子是饼干。人们认为，这种首选小吃通常会唤起童年和家庭的美好回忆，并让我们获得最重要的含糖提神。Moving on from the sweet and sugary snacks, famous chef and food writer Mary Berry knows about the kind of meals that warm us up and give us comfort in the winter. She told BBC Food magazine: “I think it becomes natural to think about comfort food as soon as the weather chills and the nights become darker.” She suggests soup and warming foods as feel-good winter treats.从甜食和含糖零食开始，著名厨师和美食作家玛丽·贝瑞 (Mary Berry) 知道哪些食物能让我们在冬天暖和起来，让我们感到舒适。她告诉 BBC 食品杂志：“我认为，一旦天气变冷，夜晚变得更黑，就会很自然地想到舒适的食物。”她建议将汤和热食作为冬季款待。The other thing about comforting dishes like mac and cheese, noodles or pizza is they don’t require culinary skills in the kitchen; they are easy to make so you can get your fix of feel-good food quickly. However, we often feel so good that we eat too much, and even though we know the ingredients are high in carbohydrates, sugar or salt, we continue to pig out. Psychologist Shira Gabriel told the BBC: “We feel guilty because we don’t realise that what’s happening is our minds [are] finding a way to trigger a really positive emotion and they’re making us eat that food to do so.”像通心粉和奶酪、面条或披萨这样的菜肴的另一件事是它们不需要厨房的烹饪技巧。它们很容易制作，因此您可以快速找到让您感觉良好的食物。然而，我们经常感觉很好，以至于吃得太多，即使我们知道这些成分中碳水化合物、糖或盐的含量很高，我们还是继续贪吃。心理学家希拉加布里埃尔告诉英国广播公司：“我们感到内疚，因为我们没有意识到正在发生的事情是我们的大脑[正在]找到一种方法来引发一种真正的积极情绪，而他们让我们吃这种食物来做到这一点。”Maybe we should take comfort from the fact that eating certain food just makes us feel happy. But, for some people, eating any kind of food brings joy, warmth, happiness and comfort.也许我们应该从吃某些食物会让我们感到快乐这一事实中得到安慰。但是，对于一些人来说，吃任何一种食物都会带来快乐、温暖、幸福和舒适。词汇表tuck into 痛快地吃，尽情地吃filling 容易填饱肚子的，易使人饱的fattening 使人发胖的comfort food 安慰食物，开心食品palate 味觉taste 味道texture （食品）质地smell 气味edible 可食用的snack 零食sugary 含糖的，甜的sweet 甜的chef 厨师soup 汤warming foods 温性食物dishes 菜品mac and cheese 奶酪通心面noodles 面条pizza 比萨饼culinary skills 烹饪技术carbohydrate 碳水化合物salt 盐to pig out 大吃大喝，狼吞虎咽

As the saying goes, ‘time waits for no man’. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it. Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments. But if timekeeping is not what you’re good at, don’t stress. There might be a good reason for your lack of punctuality.俗话说，‘时间不等人’。时间总是与我们作对，我们无法阻止它。也许这就是为什么我们中的一些人总是约会迟到的原因。但如果计时不是你擅长的，不要紧张。你不守时可能有充分的理由。People’s attitudes to being on time vary. Some clock-watch and make sure they’re bang on time for a meeting. It is, after all, rude to be late, and if you can make it on time, why can’t everyone else? But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have available. However, when your schedule doesn’t run to plan, your punctuality inevitably slips.人们对准时的态度各不相同。一些时钟手表，并确保他们准时开会。毕竟迟到是不礼貌的，如果你能准时赶到，为什么其他人就不能呢？但是，如果像我一样，你想让每一秒都很重要，你可能会尝试尽可能多地挤进你有空的时间。但是，当您的日程安排没有按计划进行时，您的准时性不可避免地会下降。People who lack promptness have been described as ‘time benders’. Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “they’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.” They assume their journey to an appointment will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time!缺乏及时性的人被描述为“时间扭曲者”。作家格蕾丝·帕西（Grace Pacie）告诉 BBC，“他们是不想迟到的人，但他们对早起有一种奇怪的抵抗力，而且他们没有足够的时间。”他们认为他们的约会之旅总是会顺利进行，而且火车总是准时！Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative – even if sometimes wrong. Writing for the BBC, Laura Clarke says: “Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a penchant for thrill-seeking, experts say. It is also possible people are late so not to be conspicuous and to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.对不守时的人的看法几乎总是消极的——即使有时是错误的。劳拉·克拉克为 BBC 撰稿时说：“一直迟到可能不是你的错。它可能是你的类型。专家说，准时挑战者通常具有共同的性格特征，例如乐观、自我控制水平低、焦虑或喜欢寻求刺激。也有可能人们迟到了，所以不要太显眼，避免焦急地等待其他人出现。Maybe us latecomers should make more of an effort and follow the advice I heard to not ‘try’ to be on time but ‘decide’ to be on time. But I know if a meeting or a deadline really matters, then I’ll be there. Otherwise relax, even if others are cursing you!也许我们后来者应该更加努力，并遵循我听到的建议，不要“尝试”准时，而是“决定”准时。但我知道如果会议或截止日期真的很重要，那么我会在那里。否则放松，即使别人在诅咒你！词汇表time waits for no man 时不我待running late 迟到timekeeping 守时be on time 准时clock-watch 不停地看表bang on time 非常准时，正好准时make every second count 争分夺秒schedule 日程安排表promptness 准时，及时time bender “弯曲时间的人”，总想在有限时间内做过多的事，从而导致经常迟到的人unpunctual 不准时的punctually-challenged 不守时的人penchant 倾向conspicuous 显眼的latecomer 迟到的人deadline 截止日期，最后期限

While giant sharks are more common sea monsters in films, jellyfish also pose a major threat in real life – with some able to kill people with their stings. And the potential danger they cause doesn’t stop there, with reports of them attacking salmon farms, shutting down power stations and incapacitating warships. There are even some scientists in Australia researching whether box jellyfish could ultimately destroy our oceans – so could devouring them be a possible solution?虽然巨型鲨鱼在电影中是更常见的海怪，但水母在现实生活中也构成了重大威胁——有些能够用刺痛杀死人。他们造成的潜在危险并不止于此，有报道称他们袭击了鲑鱼养殖场，关闭了发电站并使军舰失去能力。甚至澳大利亚的一些科学家也在研究箱形水母是否最终会破坏我们的海洋——那么吞噬它们是否可能是一种解决方案？The huge number of jellyfish in our oceans means that if we did start eating them, there is already a large supply of these potential morsels to be dined on. Also, some people argue that due to their reproductive cycle, jellyfish are actually a sustainable food source. Removing a jellyfish from the ocean doesn’t stop new ones being born. This is because they are spawned from polyps on the seabed. In some ways, you can compare them to apples. When you take an apple from a tree, the tree still goes on to produce more apples.我们海洋中数量庞大的水母意味着，如果我们真的开始食用它们，那么已经有大量这些潜在的食物可供食用。此外，有些人认为，由于它们的繁殖周期，水母实际上是一种可持续的食物来源。从海洋中清除水母并不能阻止新水母的诞生。这是因为它们是从海床上的息肉中产生的。在某些方面，您可以将它们与苹果进行比较。当你从树上摘下一个苹果时，这棵树仍然会结出更多的苹果。What about their nutritional value? Jellyfish contain 36 calories per ounce, which puts it on a par with iceberg lettuce. However, unlike lettuce, it is full of protein, making it potentially a great diet food. And indeed, in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia, they are already consumed, often raw, fried or chopped up as part of a salad. The demand for these animals, combined with their numbers, means that selling jellyfish is becoming an ever more lucrative business.它们的营养价值如何？水母每盎司含有 36 卡路里的热量，与卷心莴苣相当。然而，与生菜不同，它富含蛋白质，使其成为潜在的减肥食品。事实上，在世界许多地方，特别是在亚洲，它们已经被食用，通常是生吃、油炸或切碎作为沙拉的一部分。对这些动物的需求，再加上它们的数量，意味着出售水母正在成为一项更有利可图的业务。But what do they taste like? While some say they are flavourless, others describe them as having a salty taste. This could be due to their absorbent nature, which also leads them to being often served in a sauce. As for the texture, some people negatively compare the experience to eating gristle.但它们的味道如何？虽然有人说它们没有味道，但也有人说它们有咸味。这可能是由于它们的吸收性，这也导致它们经常被放在酱汁中。至于质地，有些人将这种体验比作吃软骨。So, the next time you fancy chowing down on some fish, you might look at jellyfish as a sustainable alternative. They might not be the tastiest thing you’ve ever eaten, but it beats fleeing the sea to avoid being stung.因此，下次您想吃一些鱼时，您可能会将水母视为一种可持续的替代品。它们可能不是你吃过的最美味的东西，但它胜过逃离大海以避免被蜇伤。词汇表jellyfish 水母，海蜇salmon 三文鱼，鲑鱼devour 吞食morsel 少量食物dine on 吃，食用sustainable food source 可持续的食物来源nutritional value 营养价值calorie 卡路里（热量单位）iceberg lettuce 冰山生菜，结球生菜protein 蛋白质diet food 减肥食品consume （大量地）吃，喝raw 生的（食物）fried 油炒的chop up 切成小块salad 沙拉flavourless 无味的salty 咸的sauce 调味酱汁texture 口感gristle 软骨chow down 大快朵颐

There are people living in almost every corner of our crowded planet. From the tops of mountains to deep underground, we’ve always been able to find habitable places to make a home. But with space at a premium, we’ve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.在我们这个拥挤的星球上，几乎每个角落都有人居住。从山顶到地下深处，我们总能找到适合居住的地方来安家。但是由于空间非常宝贵，我们已经开始更深入地寻找居住的地方。Throughout history, people have been fascinated by the idea of living underwater. More recently, the effects of human activity on the land have led some to look to the oceans for natural resources. Oceanographers and architects have looked at designing vessels, labs and underwater habitats to enable people to live and work in a submerged world. But, while dreams of an aquatic city have remained a fantasy, how close are we to making our home on the seabed a reality?纵观历史，人们一直对生活在水下的想法着迷。最近，人类活动对陆地的影响导致一些人向海洋寻找自然资源。海洋学家和建筑师一直在研究设计船只、实验室和水下栖息地，以使人们能够在水下世界中生活和工作。但是，虽然水上城市的梦想仍然是一个幻想，但我们离让我们在海底的家成为现实还有多远？The pioneer of undersea living was Ian Koblick, sometimes described as an ‘aquanaut’. He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a hundred people. He even opened La Chalupa, once the largest and most advanced underwater habitat and research facility in the world.海底生活的先驱是伊恩·科布里克（Ian Koblick），有时被描述为“水手”。他声称已经存在技术来创建支持多达一百人的水下殖民地。他甚至开设了 La Chalupa，它曾经是世界上最大、最先进的水下栖息地和研究设施。A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, it’s a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed. It’s got a tower running through it to the surface, providing space for homes, offices and even an amusement park for five thousand residents. Masaki Takeuchi from the company told the BBC: “Our idea is to connect the sea surface and the deep sea vertically, and that way we believe that we can utilise the capability of the deep sea.”一个更近期和雄心勃勃的水下城市设计是海洋螺旋。由日本清水公司设计，它是一个巨大的透明球体，附着在海床上。它有一座塔楼穿过它到达地表，为住宅、办公室甚至可以容纳五千名居民的游乐园提供空间。该公司的 Masaki Takeuchi 告诉 BBC：“我们的想法是垂直连接海面和深海，这样我们相信我们可以利用深海的能力。”Of course, there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis. And living underwater would have major effects on the human body, especially as there is an increase in atmospheric pressure which could lead to the bends. So, maybe it’s too soon to be packing our bags and setting up a new life three thousand metres under the sea!当然，建设海洋大都市也存在工程挑战。生活在水下会对人体产生重大影响，特别是因为大气压力增加可能导致弯曲。所以，也许现在收拾行囊，在三千米的海底开始新的生活还为时过早！词汇表underground 在地面以下的habitable 可居住的，适于居住的underwater 在海面下的ocean 海洋oceanographer 海洋学家architect 建筑师vessel 船，舰habitat 栖息地submerged 潜入水中的aquatic city 水中都市the seabed 海床，海底undersea living 水下生活aquanaut 海底实验室工作人员the sea surface 海面the deep sea 深海vertically 垂直地oceanic metropolis 海洋大都市

We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great workout for the body – it builds endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. If you don’t mind getting wet, it can be fun too. But who would enjoy swimming in water that’s ice cold? Well, many people are taking the plunge, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.我们都知道游泳对健康的好处。它为身体提供了很好的锻炼——它可以增强耐力、肌肉力量和心血管健康。如果你不介意弄湿，它也可以很有趣。但是谁会喜欢在冰冷的水中游泳呢？好吧，许多人都在冒险，因为有证据表明它实际上对我们有好处。Cold-water swimming – sometimes called wild swimming – involves swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body, but many participants say they get used to it. A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind. As well as being good exercise, spending time outdoors and by water improves wellbeing.冷水游泳——有时也称为野外游泳——包括在池塘、河流和大海等自然区域游泳。跳进去会给身体带来短暂的剧烈震动，但许多参与者说他们已经习惯了。冷浸可能会唤醒你，但研究发现它对你的身心有更大的好处。除了进行良好的锻炼外，在户外和水上消磨时间还可以改善健康。There is much evidence, mostly anecdotal, that suggests cold-water swimming has cured certain health conditions. One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by taking a plunge in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC “the immersion of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.”有很多证据（主要是轶事）表明冷水游泳已经治愈了某些健康状况。一名手术后持续疼痛的男子声称，他通过在冰冷的开放水中跳水而痊愈。另一位游泳运动员桑德里亚·西蒙斯 (Sandria Simons) 告诉 BBC，“将身体浸入冰冷的咸水中，如果你愿意，就感觉自己与大自然融为一体，真是太棒了。”But what is it that people are gaining from this chilly experience? Doctors say getting into cold water evokes a stress response, but the more you do it, your reaction to stress is reduced. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. But there are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise. Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps ‘cross-adaptation’, where one form of stress prepares the body for another. For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitude.但是，人们从这种寒冷的经历中获得了什么？医生说，进入冷水会引起压力反应，但你做的越多，你对压力的反应就会减少。它也被认为具有很强的抗炎作用。但这种减压运动有更大的好处。一些专家认为，冷水游泳有助于“交叉适应”，一种形式的压力可以让身体为另一种形式的压力做好准备。例如，它还有助于减轻在高海拔地区锻炼的压力。So, if you’re convinced that this is for you, take advice: approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher!所以，如果你确信这是给你的，请接受建议：小心接近它，和朋友一起游泳，也许从夏天开始，那时水温更高！词汇表workout （身体）锻炼，训练endurance 忍耐力muscle strength 肌肉力量cardiovascular fitness 心血管健康take the plunge 决定运动，冒险尝试wild swimming 野外游泳pond 池塘a short sharp shock 短暂而剧烈的冲击dip 游泳wellbeing 健康open water 开放水域immersion 浸泡at one with nature 与自然融为一体stress response 应激反应anti-inflammatory 消炎的，抗炎的cross-adaptation 交叉适应

Are you a movie­goer? If, like me, you’re a fan of film, then there’s no better place to watch something than on the big screen at the cinema. You enter the dark auditorium and take your seat, ready to be entertained. But while you engross yourself in some movie magic, many others are now getting their film fix at home.你是影迷吗？如果像我一样，您是电影迷，那么没有比在电影院的大屏幕上观看电影更好的地方了。您进入黑暗的礼堂并坐下，准备好接受娱乐。但是，当您全神贯注于一些电影魔术时，许多其他人现在正在家里修复他们的电影。Over the last few years, cinemas have seen a resurgence. Customers have been enticed by comfortable seats, and lots of choice of things to watch. Multiplexes in particular can screen up to twenty films at the same time, catering for all different tastes. In addition, 3D and even 4D movies can give the audience an extra immersive experience. So, what’s not to like about a trip to the cinema?在过去的几年里，电影院出现了复苏。舒适的座椅和丰富的观看选择吸引了顾客。特别是多厅可以同时放映多达 20 部电影，满足所有不同的口味。此外，3D甚至4D电影都能给观众带来额外的身临其境的体验。那么，去电影院有什么不喜欢的呢？One answer to that question is convenience. Rather than going out, it’s so much easier to stay in and watch a romcom or action movie on a high-definition TV screen via a streaming service such as Netflix or Amazon Prime. There’s plenty of choice, and it’s relatively cheap as well. But, personally, I find there are too many distractions, and watching at home is not such an event. I miss the trailers too!这个问题的一个答案是方便。比起出去，呆在家里通过 Netflix 或 Amazon Prime 等流媒体服务在高清电视屏幕上观看浪漫喜剧或动作电影要容易得多。有很多选择，而且相对便宜。但是，就我个人而言，我发现有太多的干扰，在家观看并不是这样的事情。我也想念预告片！But the coronavirus pandemic has put the future of cinemas under the spotlight. Some have had to close because of reduced ticket sales.  And in the UK, it’s brought about a surge in TV watching and online streaming, according to media watchdog, Ofcom. It also found that half of UK adults will keep and continue using their new streaming subscriptions.但是冠状病毒大流行使电影院的未来成为人们关注的焦点。由于门票销售减少，一些不得不关闭。据媒体监管机构 Ofcom 称，在英国，它带来了电视观看和在线流媒体的激增。它还发现，一半的英国成年人将继续使用他们新的流媒体订阅。This isn’t great news for cinemas. They rely on the release of a big blockbuster to bring the crowds back, but the launch of new films, such as James Bond: No Time To Die, are being delayed. And Disney has released its $200m blockbuster, Mulan, online instead of in movie theatres. But John Fithian, from the National Association of Theatre Owners, told Variety magazine: “This idea of waiting out the pandemic to make your movies more profitable doesn’t make sense to me. There won’t be as much of an industry left to play your movies in if you do that.”这对电影院来说不是什么好消息。他们依靠一部大片的上映来吸引观众，但新电影的上映，例如詹姆斯邦德：没时间死，却被推迟了。迪士尼已经在网上而不是电影院上映了其价值 2 亿美元的大片《花木兰》。但来自全国影院所有者协会的约翰·菲斯安告诉《综艺》杂志：“这种等待大流行让你的电影更有利可图的想法对我来说没有意义。如果你这样做，将不会有那么多的行业可以播放你的电影。”词汇表moviegoer 常去电影院看电影的人the big screen 大银幕cinema 电影院auditorium 影厅，礼堂engross 使…全神贯注film fix 需要看电影的渴望multiplexes 多放映厅电影院screen 放映，播出audience 观众immersive experience 沉浸式体验romcom 浪漫喜剧action movie 动作片high-definition 高分辨率的，高清的streaming service 在线收看服务trailer 电影预告片online streaming 在线播放subscription 付费订阅服务release 发行，上映blockbuster 大片movie theatre 电影院

There are some sounds most of us acknowledge are irritating – the crunching of crisps, the humming of the air conditioning or a screaming baby. These noises, for many people, act as a mere inconvenience that can distract us from the task at hand. However, there are some amongst us who have a much more severe response to these noises. The question we ask today is: has a noise ever made you feel so angry that you could explode with rage? If the answer is yes, you may be suffering from misophonia.我们大多数人都承认有些声音很烦人——薯片的嘎吱声、空调的嗡嗡声或婴儿的尖叫声。对许多人来说，这些噪音只是一种不便，可以分散我们手头任务的注意力。然而，我们当中有些人对这些噪音的反应要严重得多。我们今天要问的问题是：有没有声音让你感到愤怒到气得要爆炸？如果答案是肯定的，您可能患有恐音症。The word ‘misophonia’ literally means ‘a hatred of sound’ and is sometimes called Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome. There are some experts who doubt the existence of the condition. However, for those who claim to suffer from it, the experience can be traumatic. Certain sounds trigger intense emotional or psychological responses that may seem over the top compared with a non-sufferer’s complaints.“恐音症”这个词的字面意思是“对声音的仇恨”，有时被称为选择性声音敏感综合症。有一些专家怀疑这种情况的存在。然而，对于那些声称遭受它的人来说，这种经历可能是创伤性的。某些声音会引发强烈的情绪或心理反应，与非患者的抱怨相比，这些反应可能显得过于夸张。The sound of a loved one chewing their food could trigger a sufferer’s anxiety levels, or cause them to panic. It may even activate their fight-or-flight reflexes, making them want to flee. In extreme cases, that feeling of panic may result in intense bouts of fury and end up with sufferers going berserk.亲人咀嚼食物的声音可能会引发患者的焦虑程度，或引起他们的恐慌。它甚至可能激活他们的战斗或逃跑反应，使他们想要逃跑。在极端情况下，这种恐慌感可能会导致强烈的愤怒情绪，最终导致患者发狂。Sadly, there’s no known cure. Tinnitus retraining therapy, which helps people tolerate noises, may aid sufferers, while cognitive behavioural therapy and counselling could also help people manage the condition. According to James Cartreine, a clinical psychiatrist, the condition can lead to isolation. Sufferers use coping strategies that include avoiding places with lots of noises, like restaurants, or moving away when they feel like lashing out at someone due to their breathing.可悲的是，没有已知的治疗方法。耳鸣再训练疗法可以帮助人们忍受噪音，可能会帮助患者，而认知行为疗法和咨询也可以帮助人们控制病情。根据临床精神病学家詹姆斯卡特雷纳的说法，这种情况可能导致孤立。患者使用的应对策略包括避免去有很多噪音的地方，比如餐馆，或者当他们因为呼吸而想对某人猛烈抨击时离开。So, the next time you see someone fly into a rage because of a sound that is driving them crazy, it may be due to a difficult condition they are trying to manage, and not just because they loathe a certain sound.所以，下次你看到有人因为某种让他们发疯的声音而大发雷霆时，可能是因为他们正试图应对困难的情况，而不仅仅是因为他们讨厌某种声音。词汇表irritating 令人厌烦的crunching 嘎吱地咬嚼声humming 嗡嗡声screaming 尖叫的noise 噪音rage 暴怒，狂怒hatred 憎恨Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome 选择性声音敏感综合症traumatic 造成精神创伤的，痛苦难忘的trigger 引起anxiety 焦虑，不安panic 使…惊慌fight-or-flight 战斗或逃跑，或战或退fury 狂怒berserk 发狂的，暴跳如雷的lash out 发怒，斥责drive somebody crazy 使某人发疯、恼怒loathe 憎恨，厌恶

Are you a tea drinker? If so, you’re not alone. Every day around the world millions of cups of this popular brew are drunk, and it’s been that way for thousands of years. The oldest discovered tea is from the Han Dynasty, dating from 206BC to 220AD. But it’s thought that the tea trend really took off during the Tang Dynasty in the 8th Century, when it became China’s national drink. Now, Turkey, the Republic of Ireland and the UK are believed to be the biggest tea-drinking nations, per capita.你是一个喝茶的人吗？如果是这样，你并不孤单。全世界每天都有数百万杯这种流行的啤酒被喝掉，几千年来一直如此。发现的最古老的茶来自汉代，可追溯到公元前 206 年至公元 220 年。但人们认为，茶的风潮在 8 世纪唐代才真正兴起，成为中国的国饮。现在，土耳其、爱尔兰共和国和英国被认为是人均最大的饮茶国家。Tea is consumed in many ways – slurped, sipped or glugged. It can be poured from pots, infused or brewed in the cup using tea bags – and it’s this latter process that is causing concern. Research last year found some premium tea bags might be leaving billions of microscopic plastic particles in the cup.  Scientists from McGill University in Montreal found that some ‘plastic’ tea bags shed high levels of microplastics into water. However, The World Health Organization says such particles in drinking water do not appear to pose a risk.茶的消费方式有很多种——啜饮、啜饮或吞咽。它可以从罐子里倒出来，用茶包泡在杯子里或泡在杯子里——正是后一种过程引起了人们的关注。去年的研究发现，一些优质茶包可能会在杯子中留下数十亿个微小的塑料颗粒。蒙特利尔麦吉尔大学的科学家发现，一些“塑料”茶包会将大量微塑料排放到水中。然而，世界卫生组织表示，饮用水中的此类颗粒似乎不会构成风险。Most tea bags are made from paper, with a small amount of plastic used to seal them shut – made from oil. This has led to debate about whether they can be recycled, but many are still composted. However, gardener Mike Armitage has told the BBC that the plastic contained in the soil could be washed into streams and rivers and ultimately out to sea.大多数茶包是用纸做的，用少量的塑料来密封它们——用油做的。这引发了关于它们是否可以回收的争论，但许多仍然是堆肥。然而，园丁迈克·阿米蒂奇告诉 BBC，土壤中的塑料可能会被冲入溪流和河流，最终流入大海。Unilever, the owners of the tea brand PG Tips, said their tea bags are made with a small amount of plastic – used to seal them – and that they are suitable for composting. And the brand Yorkshire Tea said their bags do contain 25% polypropylene, but they were “actively developing plant-based and biodegradable alternatives”.茶叶品牌 PG Tips 的所有者联合利华表示，他们的茶包是用少量塑料制成的——用来密封它们——它们适合堆肥。约克郡茶品牌表示，他们的袋子确实含有 25% 的聚丙烯，但他们“正在积极开发基于植物和可生物降解的替代品”。While tea bag manufacturers might be doing their bit to reduce plastic pollution, it could be a good time to switch your favourite beverage to coffee, or if that isn’t your cup of tea then try using loose-leaf tea, which can have a better flavour.虽然茶包制造商可能会尽其所能减少塑料污染，但现在可能是将您最喜欢的饮料换成咖啡的好时机，或者如果这不是您的一杯茶，那么请尝试使用散叶茶，它可以更好的味道。词汇表tea drinker 喜欢喝茶的人brew 茶drink 饮品consume 喝，饮用slurp 咕嘟咕嘟地喝sip 小口喝，抿glug 大口喝pour 倒pot 壶infused 泡（茶）brewed 冲泡tea bag 茶包premium 高级的，优质的microplastics 微塑料drinking water 饮用水compost 把…制成堆肥polypropylene 聚丙烯biodegradable 可生物降解的beverage 饮料not be someone’s cup of tea 非某人所好，不合某人的心意loose-leaf tea 散装茶叶

Many of us ponder what lies in outer space. When we look up at the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and occasionally a distant planet. But one thing we don’t see is the millions of pieces of junk filling up space. It’s this debris that’s causing problems for the existing technology that’s up there and which we rely on.我们中的许多人都在思考外层空间的内容。当我们仰望夜空时，我们会看到星星，移动卫星的闪烁，偶尔还有一颗遥远的行星。但我们看不到的一件事是数百万块垃圾填满了空间。正是这些碎片给我们所依赖的现有技术带来了问题。The amount of space junk is increasing. Over the last few decades, satellites and rockets have been launched into space, littering the cosmos as they go. It’s estimated there are now millions of discarded pieces of metal and other materials in orbit – everything from old rocket segments to accidentally dropped astronaut tools, and even flecks of paint. The fear is that if we don’t start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant threat to active satellites. Nobu Okada, Chief Executive of Astroscale – a company working on ways to clean up space junk – says hitting “even a small paint fleck… has enough power to blow up other satellites.”太空垃圾的数量正在增加。在过去的几十年里，卫星和火箭被发射到太空中，随处可见的垃圾。据估计，现在轨道上有数百万件废弃的金属和其他材料——从旧火箭部件到意外掉落的宇航员工具，甚至是油漆斑点。令人担忧的是，如果我们不尽快开始将这些垃圾带出天空，它将成为对活动卫星的重大威胁。致力于清理太空垃圾的公司 Astroscale 的首席执行官 Nobu Okada 表示，“即使是一个小的油漆斑点……也有足够的力量炸毁其他卫星。”Several ideas are being looked at to capturethe debris floating around in space. In 2018, the RemoveDebris spacecraft carried out various experiments, including testing a net that could snare a satellite and firing a harpoon at a target in orbit to try to catch it.正在研究几种想法来捕捉漂浮在太空中的碎片。 2018 年，RemoveDebris 航天器进行了各种实验，包括测试可以诱捕卫星的网，并向轨道上的目标发射鱼叉以试图捕捉它。This year the UK Space Agency is helping to fund new approaches to tracking satellites and debris in space. Jacob Geer from UKSA told the BBC: “Space surveillance and tracking is one of the key things we can do to keep safe those satellites we rely on now, and to make sure certain orbits don’t become inaccessible for future generations because there’s too much debris in them.”今年，英国航天局正在帮助资助追踪太空卫星和碎片的新方法。来自 UKSA 的 Jacob Geer 告诉 BBC：“太空监视和跟踪是我们可以做的关键事情之一，以确保我们现在依赖的那些卫星的安全，并确保某些轨道不会因为有太多里面有碎片。”It’s clear that a solution is needed so a celestial deep clean can take place. But looking to the future, like any litter problem, we need to look at ways of creating less – and that shouldn’t be the stuff of science fiction.很明显，需要一种解决方案才能进行天体深层清洁。但展望未来，就像任何垃圾问题一样，我们需要寻找减少创造的方法——这不应该是科幻小说的内容。词汇表outer space 外层空间，太空twinkle 闪烁，闪耀satellite 人造卫星junk 废弃的旧东西，垃圾debris 碎片，残片rocket 火箭launch 发射litter 丢弃垃圾the cosmos 宇宙orbit （天体围绕行星或恒星运行的）轨道segment （事物的） 部分，段astronaut 宇航员float 漂浮spacecraft 宇宙飞船snare 用罗网捕捉space surveillance and tracking 宇宙空间监视跟踪系统celestial 天空的，天外的deep clean 深层清洁science fiction 科幻小说，科幻电影

If there is one thing in life that we could choose not to experience, it is the death of someone we love. Losing a friend or family member is heartbreaking and hard to accept, but how we deal with it, and how we ‘move on’, varies from person to person.如果生活中有一件事是我们可以选择不经历的，那就是我们所爱的人的死。失去朋友或家人令人心碎且难以接受，但我们如何处理它，以及我们如何“继续前进”，因人而异。Death is, of course, inevitable, but sometimes we feel the passing of a loved one has come too soon. Our first reaction is to grieve, and even though we may soon be encouraged to accept closure and let go, the grieving can last a while. But grief is a very natural, human response to loss and can take the form of many unexpected emotions, from shock to guilt, anger and disbelief.死亡当然是不可避免的，但有时我们会觉得亲人的去世来得太早了。我们的第一反应是悲伤，尽管我们可能很快会被鼓励接受关闭并放手，但悲伤可能会持续一段时间。但悲伤是一种非常自然的人类对失去的反应，可以采取许多意想不到的情绪形式，从震惊到内疚、愤怒和怀疑。When someone dies, we may be tempted to put on a brave face and hide our feelings. But experts say that this is the time to talk about feelings – even cry and sob and show people you are suffering. There’s nothing wrong with trying to keep the memory of the deceased alive. You can talk to them in your head, write them a letter or share memories with other people who knew them.当有人去世时，我们可能会试图装出勇敢的面孔并隐藏我们的感受。但专家说，现在是谈论感受的时候了——甚至哭泣和抽泣，向人们展示你正在受苦。试图让死者的记忆保持活力并没有错。您可以在脑海中与他们交谈，给他们写信或与其他认识他们的人分享回忆。Some people have chosen to make a more permanent reminder of someone by getting a memorial tattoo. Dr John Troyer from Bath University told the BBC: “You can have a continuing bond with the dead… I think it’s a very important way for people to come to terms that someone’s left.”有些人选择通过获得纪念纹身来更永久地提醒某人。巴斯大学的约翰·特洛耶博士告诉 BBC：“你可以与死者保持持续的联系……我认为这是人们接受某人离开的一种非常重要的方式。”Whatever approach you take to grieving and to keeping someone’s memory alive, eventually the physical aching and pain caused by the loss of a loved one will subside. But the memories of that person and the times we shared can stay with us forever, and talking about them and expressing your feelings is all part of the healing process. But as singer and songwriter Patti Smith told the BBC: “Loss is something that we never get over.”无论您采取何种方法来悲伤和保持对某人的记忆，最终因失去亲人而造成的身体疼痛和痛苦都会消退。但是那个人的记忆和我们共享的时光可以永远留在我们身边，谈论他们并表达你的感受是治愈过程的一部分。但正如歌手兼词曲作者帕蒂史密斯告诉 BBC 的那样：“失去是我们永远无法克服的事情。”词汇表lose 失去heartbreaking 令人心碎的move on 接受现实，继续向前inevitable 不可避免的，必然发生的passing 逝世grieve （因某人过世而）伤心，悲痛closure 解脱，宽慰let go 放手grief 悲痛，悲哀disbelief 怀疑，不相信put on a brave face 强装勇敢，假装不在乎sob 抽泣suffer 受苦，经历（坏事）memory 记忆，回忆the deceased 去世的人，亡故者memorial 纪念性的，追悼的come to terms (with something) 逐渐接受loved one 亲人，家人healing process 治愈过程

For many white-collar workers around the world, the recent pandemic has meant having to work from home. Their usual office location has been out of bounds. This means different working practices, which have advantages and disadvantages for employees. But the big question is, will they ever see their offices again?对于世界各地的许多白领来说，最近的大流行意味着不得不在家工作。他们通常的办公地点已经超出了界限。这意味着不同的工作实践，这对员工有利也有弊。但最大的问题是，他们还会再见到他们的办公室吗？Home working has made people realise what tasks they can perform at home, rather than enduring a commute to the office to do the same thing. It has given them more time with the family; they’ve been sleeping better and have saved money by not travelling or buying lunches on the go. And recent research suggests the majority of people working from home are just as productive.在家工作使人们意识到他们可以在家中执行哪些任务，而不是忍受通勤到办公室做同样的事情。这让他们有更多的时间与家人在一起；他们睡得更好，并且通过不旅行或在旅途中购买午餐来省钱。最近的研究表明，大多数在家工作的人同样富有成效。For some people, this could be a permanent arrangement. In the UK, fifty of the biggest employers questioned by the BBC, have said they have no plans to return all staff to the office full-time in the near future. Of course, one main reason is that firms couldn’t see a way of accommodating large numbers of staff while social distancing regulations were still in place. But the BBC also heard from some smaller businesses who are deciding to abandon their offices altogether.对于某些人来说，这可能是一种永久性的安排。在英国，接受 BBC 调查的 50 家最大雇主都表示，他们没有计划在不久的将来让所有员工全职回到办公室。当然，一个主要原因是，在社会疏离规定仍然存在的情况下，公司看不到一种容纳大量员工的方法。但 BBC 也收到了一些小企业的消息，他们决定完全放弃办公室。Other bigger companies are also looking at shutting offices to save money as many jobs can be performed remotely. Peter Cheese, head of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, told the BBC: “We’re at a moment of real change in the world of work, driven by big existential crises.”其他较大的公司也在考虑关闭办公室以节省资金，因为许多工作可以远程执行。英国特许人事与发展研究所所长彼得·奇斯告诉 BBC：“在巨大的生存危机的推动下，我们正处于工作世界真正发生变化的时刻。”But this isn’t great news for everyone. Some employees can feel isolated at home, and there’s less opportunity to network or learn from other people, especially if they’re a new recruit. Also, city centres may suffer most from a change in working habits. Shops and cafes rely on the footfall of office workers, and without them, they face closure. The future is still uncertain, which is why it may be too early to say where our desks will be permanently located. But the office of the future may be your home.但这对每个人来说都不是好消息。一些员工在家中可能会感到孤立，并且很少有机会与他人建立联系或向他人学习，特别是如果他们是新员工。此外，城市中心可能因工作习惯的改变而受到最大影响。商店和咖啡馆依赖上班族的客流量，没有他们，他们将面临倒闭。未来仍然不确定，这就是为什么现在说我们的办公桌将永久设在哪里还为时过早。但未来的办公室可能就是你的家。词汇表white-collar worker 白领工人，从事脑力劳动的人work from home 居家办公out of bounds 禁止入内working practice 工作惯例employee 员工home working 在家工作task 工作，任务commute 上下班往返，通勤productive 有效率的permanent arrangement 长久之计employer 雇主staff 全体员工full-time 全日制的，全天的firm 公司social distancing 社交距离business 商业机构remotely 远程地existential 生存的，存在的network 建立人脉new recruit 新员工

Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product? These endorsements might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy?您是否曾经在社交媒体上看到您最喜欢的名人谈论产品？这些认可可能不是完全随机的，实际上被视为营销过程的重要组成部分。问题是：社交媒体影响者如何“影响”你购买的东西？Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, make us susceptible to being ‘socially influenced’. Companies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we admire to hawk or launch a product. So, what do these endorsements actually do?人类对地位和交朋友的渴望，加上我们需要属于一个群体，使我们容易受到“社会影响”。公司经常利用这种与我们钦佩的名人拥有相似生活方式的愿望来兜售或推出产品。那么，这些代言实际上是做什么的呢？Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create engaging content that not only adheres to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.首先，它们可以用来建立品牌知名度。社交媒体影响者应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的了解，因此可以创建引人入胜的内容，这些内容不仅符合品牌形象，而且可以激发他们的追随者对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣。Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to InMoment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. A popular celebrity can target key demographics and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.其次，影响者可以改善公司或产品与其客户群的关系。根据 InMoment 的 2018 年美国零售客户忠诚度趋势报告，77% 的买家对品牌忠诚度已超过十年。 60% 的千禧一代也是如此。受欢迎的名人可以针对关键人口统计数据并谈论或发布有关产品的博客，这可以与消费者建立即时和持久的联系。Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be sceptical about what we are seeing.最后，影响者可以通过看似“公正的意见”来改善客户的购买习惯。与传统广告相比，我们更有可能对“同行推荐”做出回应，这意味着我们将影响者视为“朋友”这一事实可以使我们不太可能对所看到的内容持怀疑态度。So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.因此，下次您看到名人谈论产品时，您可能要考虑这可能是一种精心设计的营销策略，旨在针对您的核心需求。如果您发现自己正在仔细阅读您在社交媒体上看到的产品，那么您很可能受到了影响。词汇表social media 社交媒体celebrity 名人endorsement 名人代言，名人为某商品做广告marketing 营销，推销social media influencers 网络红人hawk 兜售brand awareness 品牌意识，品牌认知engaging content 吸引人的内容brand image 品牌形象customer base 客户群customer loyalty 客户忠诚度demographic （顾客）族群blog 写博客bond 联系，纽带buying habit 购买习惯peer recommendation 朋友的推荐，熟人的推荐

It sounds like something from the realms of science fiction – a space expedition into the vast expanse of space, heading towards the Red Planet. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on terra firma, the question we ask today is: why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?这听起来像是科幻小说领域的东西——太空探险进入广阔的太空，前往红色星球。虽然我们还没有准备好将一个人送上地球，但我们今天要问的问题是：为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣？The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, and the US landed on the Moon first. Now it appears that Mars is the celestial body of desire. While the kudos and bragging rights to be the first nation to touchdown is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.太空竞赛见证了美国和苏联在太空飞行中争夺第一。苏联比其他任何人都更早地发布了人造卫星 Sputnik 1，美国首先登上了月球。现在看来，火星是欲望的天体。虽然作为第一个达阵国家的荣誉和吹牛的权利是一个明显的吸引力，但我们想要到达那里还有其他原因。One of these could be the survival of our species. You only have to look at the fossilised remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there’s always the concept of terraforming – changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.其中之一可能是我们物种的生存。你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。虽然火星还没有合适的条件将其称为家园，但始终存在地球化的概念——改变行星的环境以满足我们的需求。However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of altering habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.然而，并非所有人都同意。领先的天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森 (Neil deGrasse Tyson) 曾表示，当我们可以简单地改造地球时，由于我们对地球造成的破坏而改变另一颗行星的可居住性的概念是没有意义的。It seems the main reason at the moment is the search for extraterrestrial life. It has long been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here, but was transferred via asteroid from Mars.目前看来主要原因是寻找外星生命。长期以来，人们一直认为，火星曾经充满了生命。现在看起来已经死了，潜在的化石可以回答关于我们自己和我们星球进化的问题。一种理论是，我们星球上的细菌生命并不是从这里开始的，而是通过小行星从火星转移过来的。One benefit championed by scientists like Neil deGrasse Tyson is that landing on Mars may inspire more people to become interested in science and astronomy. Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.Neil deGrasse Tyson 等科学家倡导的一项好处是，登陆火星可能会激发更多人对科学和天文学产生兴趣。当然，激励新一代探访星空的理由就足够了。词汇表science fiction 科幻小说space expedition 宇宙探险vast expanse 广阔的区域the Red Planet 火星terra firma 陆地space race 太空竞赛spaceflight 宇宙飞行artificial satellite 人造卫星celestial body 天体touchdown 着陆species 物种habitable 适于居住的terraforming （外星环境）地球化astrophysicist 天体物理学家habitability 可居住性Earth 地球extraterrestrial 地球外的bacterial life 细菌生命体asteroid 小行星astronomy 天文学

Humiliation. Many of us have experienced it, right? That horrific feeling of just wanting the ground to open up and swallow us. It’s an awful sensation when someone decides to belittle us and make us feel small. But what is humiliation, and how can we move on from it?屈辱。我们很多人都经历过，对吧？那种只希望地面打开并吞没我们的可怕感觉。当有人决定贬低我们并让我们感到渺小时，这是一种可怕的感觉。但什么是屈辱，我们如何才能摆脱它？Humiliation is quite often compared to the feeling of shame. However, the fundamental difference is that we feel shame is deserved, while humiliation is not. It has more in common with bullying and harassment. Neel Burton M.D says that humiliation results from undermining claims that you have made, such as “I’m good at my job”, and challenges your authority to make such claims in future.羞辱常常与羞耻感相提并论。然而，根本的区别在于我们感到羞耻是应得的，而屈辱则不是。它与欺凌和骚扰有更多的共同点。尼尔伯顿医学博士说，羞辱是由于破坏了你所做的声明，例如“我擅长我的工作”，并挑战你在未来提出此类声明的权力。Imagine your colleague shocks you by unfairly calling you out on your work during a meeting with your boss. Or your friend may demean you by questioning your expertise in a hobby or interest in front of your other friends.  The presence of others is the key factor in humiliation – a public dressing-down. It also has so many forms and uses in society. Public humiliation is often said to act as a crime deterrent, while it also has a place in comedy. You may enjoy watching a celebrity being roasted: a humiliation designed to highlight faults for comedic effect.想象一下，你的同事在与你的老板开会时不公平地叫你工作，这让你感到震惊。或者你的朋友可能会在你的其他朋友面前质疑你在爱好或兴趣方面的专业知识，从而贬低你。他人的在场是羞辱的关键因素——公开打扮。它在社会上也有很多形式和用途。公开羞辱通常被认为是一种犯罪威慑，同时它在喜剧中也有一席之地。您可能会喜欢看名人被烤：一种耻辱，旨在突出喜剧效果的缺点。So, how can you deal with it? According to psychologist Robert J. Sternberg, there are a few steps you can take. First, you must accept the humiliation and realise you’re not the only one who has felt like this – talk to others who have experienced it and move on. Also, don’t immediately try and strike back for ‘round 2’ – often humiliation isn't personal.那么，你该如何处理呢？根据心理学家 Robert J. Sternberg 的说法，您可以采取一些步骤。首先，你必须接受屈辱，并意识到你不是唯一一个有这种感觉的人——与经历过的人交谈并继续前进。此外，不要立即尝试反击“第 2 轮”——羞辱通常不是针对个人的。Lastly, resilience seems to be crucial. Some people say: “What doesn’t kill you only makes you stronger”. While humiliation probably won’t kill you, it can hurt. Why not use the degradation as motivation to become a better worker or learn more about that hobby or interest? It could be an opportunity to start investing more in doing something you love. That way it may have an unexpected benefit.最后，韧性似乎至关重要。有人说：“杀不死你的只会让你更强大”。虽然羞辱可能不会杀死你，但它会伤害你。为什么不将退化作为成为更好工人或更多地了解该爱好或兴趣的动力呢？这可能是一个开始更多投资于做你喜欢的事情的机会。这样，它可能会带来意想不到的好处。词汇表horrific 极其可怕的wanting the ground to open up and swallow sb 某人想找个地缝钻进去awful 糟糕的，极坏的belittle 轻视，贬低make sb feel small 让某人感到渺小shame 羞耻，惭愧bullying 恃强欺弱的行为harassment 骚扰行为undermine 削弱信心，损害call sb out 批评demean 贬低，羞辱dressing-down 训斥roasted 被严厉批评fault 缺点，过错move on 接受现实，继续前行strike back 回击resilience 面对逆境顽强的韧性degradation 丢脸，屈辱

It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?很好分享，对吧？我们从小就被告知要分享我们的玩具，不要自私。我们也生活在一个鼓励讨论我们的感受的时代。但是什么时候一切都变得太多了？随着新的热潮一直在流行，比如挑战舞蹈和把枕头当裙子，问题是：什么时候分享会成为社交媒体上的过度分享？What is oversharing? The term has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have divulged intimate details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?什么是过度分享？该术语已与社交媒体相关联，但并非该平台独有。想象一下你去参加一个聚会，你遇到了一个人。在五分钟内，他们泄露了他们生活的私密细节。根据婚姻治疗师卡罗琳科尔的说法，虽然我们中的一些人可能会试图逃避这些人，但这种过度分享的形式可能来自与某人联系的强烈愿望。但这如何转化为社交媒体？Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally perceived as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.网络心理学讲师克里斯托弗·汉德博士说，人们披露的细节越多，我们在出现问题时表达的同情就越少。这可能是因为我们认为我们分享的负面经历越多，就会吸引我们自己的负面经历。似乎通过过度分享来寻求同情的想法通常被认为是消极的，而不是实际上可能是寻求帮助的呼声。However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become – provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoiding whining and being negative online. We should also steer clear of showing off, bragging or flexing, as it’s now known – especially about our love lives. It makes sense – if your date is going ‘that well’, would you really have time to share a photo with text?然而，汉德博士的研究似乎也表明，我们在平台上发布的内容越多，我们就越具有社会吸引力——前提是我们发布的帖子是积极的。早在 2015 年，Gwendolyn Seidman 博士就说过，我们应该避免在网上发牢骚和消极。我们还应该避免炫耀、吹牛或炫耀，正如现在所知——尤其是关于我们的爱情生活。这是有道理的——如果你的约会“那么顺利”，你真的有时间分享一张带文字的照片吗？So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your gripes about your lack of money really are too much.那么，你怎么知道你是否过度分享？好吧，为什么不问问现实生活中的朋友。如果您关于早餐的帖子或您对缺钱的抱怨真的太多，他们可能会非常乐意告诉您。词汇表share 分享craze 风行一时的东西，时尚trend （一段时间内在社交媒体或网站上）被多次提及，流传oversharing 过度分享social media 社交媒体platform 平台divulge 泄露intimate details 隐私connect 与…建立良好关系cyberpsychology 网络心理学disclose 公开，透露sympathy 同情心sadfishing 博同情，“卖惨”cry for help 大声求援，求助的表示post （动词）发布（信息）posts （名词）网站上公布的信息，帖子bang out 匆匆发出whining 抱怨，发牢骚showing off 炫耀bragging 吹嘘flexing 显摆，炫耀in real life 现实生活中

We are all aware of climate change and how it is threatening our planet. Industrialisation, our disposable culture and population growth are some of the reasons why we are seeing average temperatures rise and more extreme weather events. And scientists are finding more evidence that the situation is getting worse.我们都知道气候变化以及它如何威胁我们的星球。工业化、我们的一次性文化和人口增长是我们看到平均气温上升和更多极端天气事件的一些原因。科学家们正在发现更多证据表明情况正在恶化。The rise in global temperatures is the most important thing that experts analyse. They say keeping it below 1.5 centigrade will avoid the worst climate impacts. But The World Meteorological Organisation says there’s a 20% possibility the critical mark will be broken in any one year before 2024 – and there’s a 70% chance it will be broken in one or more months in those five years.全球气温上升是专家分析的最重要的事情。他们说将温度保持在 1.5 摄氏度以下将避免最严重的气候影响。但世界气象组织表示，在 2024 年之前的任何一年内，有 20% 的可能性会打破临界标记——在这五年内，有 70% 的可能性会在一个月或几个月内被打破。This isn’t great news for the Arctic, where the impact will be greatest: warming by twice the global average this year. Temperatures in the Siberian Arctic reached record averages in June – one area reached more than 30C. This heat helped to fan wildfires, which in turn released 59 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, in Western Europe, experts predict over the next five years rising sea levels will cause more storms.这对北极来说不是什么好消息，那里的影响将是最大的：今年的变暖幅度是全球平均水平的两倍。西伯利亚北极地区的气温在 6 月达到创纪录的平均水平——一个地区达到了 30 摄氏度以上。这种热量有助于引发野火，进而释放出 5900 万吨二氧化碳。与此同时，在西欧，专家预测未来五年海平面上升将引发更多风暴。But these events should not surprise us. Professor Martin Siegert from Imperial College London told the BBC this is “in line with predictions of global warming going back decades now. We don’t really need further confirmation of this problem, but here it is anyway.” He thinks if you change the weather in the Arctic you are likely to see the effects ripple out around the world.但这些事件不应该让我们感到惊讶。伦敦帝国理工学院的 Martin Siegert 教授告诉 BBC，这“与几十年前全球变暖的预测一致。我们真的不需要进一步确认这个问题，但无论如何它就是这样。”他认为，如果你改变北极的天气，你很可能会看到影响波及全世界。We know that carbon emissions from human activities is partly to blame for our warming planet, but it seems measures to reduce this are not having much effect. The BBC’s Justin Rowlatt writing about the effects of events in the Arctic, says: “Climate scientists simply don’t know for certain what those effects are likely to be, but climate models suggest they will lead to more extreme weather events – heatwaves and severe storms.”我们知道，人类活动产生的碳排放是地球变暖的部分原因，但减少碳排放的措施似乎收效甚微。 BBC 的贾斯汀·罗拉特 (Justin Rowlatt) 在撰写有关北极事件影响的文章时说：“气候科学家根本无法确定这些影响可能是什么，但气候模型表明它们将导致更极端的天气事件——热浪和严重的风暴。”词汇表threaten 威胁planet 地球industrialisation 工业化disposable culture 一次性文化average temperature 平均温度extreme weather 极端天气global temperatures 全球气温centigrade 摄氏度climate impacts 气候变化的影响The World Meteorological Organisation 世界气象组织the Arctic 北极圈the Siberian Arctic 西伯利亚北极地区heat 热度，高温fan 引起，激起carbon dioxide 二氧化碳rising sea levels 海平面上升global warming 全球气候变暖ripple out 蔓延carbon emissions 碳排放heatwave 热浪，酷热期severe storm 强烈风暴

We all need to eat, and when we go to buy food at the supermarket, we’re spoilt for choice in the range of items available that can be turned into a delicious meal. But we often purchase food that’s been mass-produced and that’s travelled many miles before it ends up on our plate. So for some, growing their own food is a better option – and it tastes good too!我们都需要吃饭，当我们去超市买食物时，我们会被各种各样的可以变成美味佳肴的物品宠坏了。但我们经常购买大量生产的食物，而且这些食物经过了许多英里的路程才最终出现在我们的盘子里。所以对一些人来说，自己种食物是一个更好的选择——而且味道也很好！From growing vegetables in little pots on your balcony to tending to a small plot of land, called allotments, there are many ways to produce home-grown food. Allotments are a typically British idea, and they give people with a small or no garden, a space to plant and nurture fruit and vegetables. It can be backbreaking work digging, weeding and watering the soil, but the result is fresh, organically grown produce, contributing to our ‘five-a-day’ diet.从在阳台上的小花盆里种植蔬菜到照料一小块土地（称为分配地），有很多方法可以生产自产食物。分配是典型的英国理念，它们为拥有小花园或没有花园的人们提供种植和培育水果和蔬菜的空间。挖掘、除草和浇水可能是一项艰巨的工作，但结果是新鲜的有机种植农产品，有助于我们的“一天五餐”饮食。The recent Covid-19 pandemic lockdown means demand for allotments has seen a renaissance. Miriam Dobson from the University of Sheffield told the BBC that people with allotments have been spending a lot of their time on their plots, growing plenty of fresh fruit and veg – which, at times, have been challenging to source in supermarkets. She says “Coronavirus has… highlighted to people the fragility inherent within our globalised food system. In a time of crisis, interest in self-sufficiency rises.”最近的 Covid-19 大流行封锁意味着对分配的需求已经复苏。谢菲尔德大学的 Miriam Dobson 告诉 BBC，有分配的人一直在他们的地块上花费大量时间，种植大量新鲜水果和蔬菜——有时很难从超市采购。她说：“冠状病毒……向人们强调了我们全球化食品系统固有的脆弱性。在危机时期，人们对自给自足的兴趣上升。”But for those with limited space, a solution to grow your own veg lies closer to home – using pots. Once you can lay your hands on some compost, you can plant seeds. Sheila Brand lives in a third-floor flat in Rotterdam. She has managed to grow tomatoes and aubergines and is already harvesting raspberries. She told the BBC watching the plants grow “is very exciting: 'Oh it's got a new leaf!' ”但是对于那些空间有限的人来说，种植自己的蔬菜的解决方案就在离家更近的地方——使用花盆。一旦你可以把手放在堆肥上，你就可以播种了。希拉布兰德住在鹿特丹三楼的公寓里。她已经成功地种植了西红柿和茄子，并且已经在收获覆盆子。她告诉英国广播公司，看着植物生长“非常令人兴奋：‘哦，它长出了一片新叶子！’ ”As well as the benefits of saving money and enjoying tasty food, gardener Mark Ridsdill-Smith says “growing your own from a balcony or window ledge not only improves your wellbeing and immediate environment, you can actually grow a lot of veg.” So, maybe it’s time for us all to get planting and develop our green fingers!园丁 Mark Ridsdill-Smith 说，除了省钱和享用美味食物的好处外，“从阳台或窗台上种植自己的蔬菜不仅可以改善您的幸福感和周围的环境，实际上您还可以种植很多蔬菜。”所以，也许是时候让我们所有人种植和发展我们的绿色手指了！词汇表mass-produced 大批生产的pot 花盆tend 照料plot 小块土地allotment 份地，（可租来种菜、水果、花）小块土地plant 种植，栽种nurture 养育，培植backbreaking 使人筋疲力尽的，非常辛苦的digging 挖掘weeding 除杂草watering 浇水organically grown 有机种植的produce 农产品，食品fruit and veg 水果和蔬菜self-sufficiency 自给自足compost 堆肥seed 种子harvest 收获，得到green fingers 种植技能

Have you ever wondered why your brother or sister doesn’t look exactly like you despite having the same family tree? If you think that’s odd, even stranger is the idea that you and your sibling may have very different ancestry genes. You have the same parents, and therefore the exact same ancestors, but somehow your DNA tests come back with very different results. How is this even possible?你有没有想过为什么你的兄弟姐妹虽然有相同的家谱，但看起来并不像你？如果你觉得这很奇怪，更奇怪的是你和你的兄弟姐妹可能有非常不同的祖先基因。你有相同的父母，因此有完全相同的祖先，但不知何故，你的 DNA 测试得出的结果却大不相同。这怎么可能？Children inherit half of their DNA from each parent, via the sperm from the father and the egg from the mother. Our bodies contain 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs. However, each reproductive cell has only 23 individual chromosomes. When the bodies of our forbearers created their sex cells, the cells engaged in genetic reshuffling, meaning each of the 23 chromosomes is a unique combination of an original pair. This process is also called genetic recombination.孩子通过父亲的精子和母亲的卵子从父母双方那里继承一半的 DNA。我们的身体包含 46 条染色体，或 23 对。然而，每个生殖细胞只有 23 条独立的染色体。当我们的祖先的身体创造出它们的性细胞时，这些细胞会进行基因重组，这意味着 23 条染色体中的每一条都是原始一对的独特组合。这个过程也称为基因重组。This is why Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty, a scientist who studies fish to help explain the evolution of human beings and our planet, says that your sister could be 10% more 'French' than you, despite having the same primogenitors. And the further you go back in your lineage, the more confusing it can be.这就是为什么研究鱼类以帮助解释人类和地球进化的科学家 Prosanta Chakrabarty 博士说，尽管有相同的始祖细胞，但你的妹妹可能比你多 10% 的“法国人”。而且你越往前追溯你的血统，它就越混乱。You inherit 25% of each grandparent's DNA. However, this process of recombination means that inevitably some of their genetic make-up will be lost along the way. This could mean that the genes you inherited from your grandparent, could be completely different to those your cousin received.你继承了每个祖父母 25% 的 DNA。然而，这种重组过程意味着它们的一些基因组成不可避免地会在此过程中丢失。这可能意味着您从祖父母那里继承的基因可能与您堂兄收到的基因完全不同。Those studying genealogy should also be aware that modern DNA testing might not give you an accurate idea of your ancestry as it is tested against a current, but incomplete database. Many of the genetic samples come from North America and Western Europe. The genes passed down from your ancestors is sampled and matched with people who originated from a certain area. However, without enough samples from the Middle East or Africa, the results may be inaccurate.那些研究家谱的人还应该意识到，现代 DNA 测试可能无法让您准确了解您的祖先，因为它是针对当前但不完整的数据库进行测试的。许多基因样本来自北美和西欧。从您的祖先传下来的基因被采样并与来自某个地区的人进行匹配。但是，如果没有来自中东或非洲的足够样本，结果可能不准确。Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty says that only 1% of our genetic make-up is unique to us, and that it is an incomplete mash-up of our ancestors'. So, the next time someone says you look a bit like you're from a certain country, you may well be. But it might not show up in your tests.Prosanta Chakrabarty 博士说，我们的基因构成中只有 1% 是我们独有的，而且它是我们祖先的不完全混搭。所以，下次有人说你看起来有点像来自某个国家时，你很可能是。但它可能不会出现在您的测试中。词汇表genes 基因ancestors 祖先，祖宗inherit 经遗传而得sperm 精子egg 卵子chromosome 染色体reproductive cell 生殖细胞forbearers 祖先genetic reshuffling 基因重组genetic recombination 基因重组primogenitor 祖先，始祖lineage 血统，家系genetic makeup 基因组成genealogy 家谱学originate 起源于，来自

For sports fans, there’s nothing better than watching a live event on TV or at a sports venue. But there’s nothing worse than that event being called off because of bad weather. Bad light, a waterlogged pitch or excessive heat can cause matches to be postponed. But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.对于体育迷来说，没有什么比在电视或体育场馆观看现场赛事更好的了。但没有什么比因为恶劣天气而取消该活动更糟糕的了。光线不好、球场浸水或过热都可能导致比赛推迟。但根据最新研究，未来极端天气可能会比以往任何时候都更扰乱体育赛事日程。In one sport, golf, major tournaments like The Open, are already predicted to be victims of our changing climate. In the UK, an organisation called The Climate Coalition says that golf courses such as St Andrews could be under water by the end of the century if sea levels rise even slightly. It told the BBC that its research predicts "cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea."在一项运动中，高尔夫、公开赛等大型赛事已经被预测为气候变化的受害者。在英国，一个名为“气候联盟”的组织表示，如果海平面稍微上升，到本世纪末，圣安德鲁斯等高尔夫球场可能会被淹没。它告诉英国广播公司，它的研究预测“足球比赛被取消，板球场被淹，高尔夫球场坍塌入海”。The threat to sporting fixtures from climate change has been further highlighted in a new report, commissioned by the Rapid Transition Alliance. Writing about this for the BBC, Matt McGrath says that "By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can expect flooding every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue from ticket sales.快速过渡联盟委托的一份新报告进一步强调了气候变化对体育赛事的威胁。Matt McGrath 为 BBC 撰写有关此事的文章说：“到 2050 年，据估计，几乎四分之一的英格兰足球联赛场地每年都会发生洪水。”这将意味着比赛次数减少，观看精彩比赛的机会减少，门票销售收入减少。Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40C over the next decade.随着印度、澳大利亚和西印度群岛等地气温升高，板球在全球范围内也面临着巨大挑战。报告称，阿德莱德和珀斯的体育场在未来十年温度超过 40 摄氏度的天数将增加 60%。Of course, we know that the solution lies with reducing our carbon footprint. We could travel less to attend sports events, and reduce our waste when we do go. But this latest report finds that sports leaders are generally failing to address the issue seriously. However, because sport is universally popular and can be very influential, maybe it should be players, teams and their sponsors who promote a carbon-neutral message to help protect sporting venues - before it’s 'game over'.当然，我们知道解决方案在于减少我们的碳足迹。我们可以减少参加体育赛事的旅行，并减少我们去时的浪费。但这份最新报告发现，体育领袖普遍未能认真解决这个问题。然而，由于体育运动普遍流行并且可能非常有影响力，也许应该由球员、球队和他们的赞助商来宣传碳中和信息，以帮助保护体育场馆——在“比赛结束”之前。词汇表fan 爱好者，…迷event 项目venue 场地pitch 足球场，运动场地match 比赛sporting calendar 体育赛事日历golf 高尔夫球tournament 锦标赛The Open 英国高尔夫球公开赛golf course 高尔夫球场cricket ground 板球场fixture 体育赛事，体育活动football league 足球联赛the beautiful game 足球stadium 体育场player 运动员sponsor 赞助商game over 不可逆转的，没有希望的（原指 “比赛结束”）

You might have heard the term 'brand loyalty'. As we enter a 5th generation of console releases, with Sony's PS5 and Microsoft's Xbox series X due to hit our shelves this year, once more psychologists are predicting a wave of purchases based on fidelity.您可能听说过“品牌忠诚度”一词。随着我们进入第五代游戏机版本，索尼的 PS5 和微软的 Xbox 系列 X 将于今年上架，心理学家再次预测基于保真度的购买浪潮。But why do people feel compelled to stick with brands? Writer Carol M. Bopp describes brand loyalty as a positive feeling that consumers identify with a certain product or company.  This also draws on the idea of brand awareness: the extent to which customers are familiar with the logo or values of a brand, goods or a service.但为什么人们会觉得有必要坚持品牌呢？作家 Carol M. Bopp 将品牌忠诚度描述为消费者认同某种产品或公司的积极感觉。这也借鉴了品牌知名度的概念：客户对品牌、商品或服务的标志或价值的熟悉程度。Huge companies pump millions into marketing and advertising, using analytics to determine who is their ICP, or ideal customer profile. It’s no surprise that the ads which pop up on social media somehow feel targeted at or tailored for you. This is because companies spend a lot of time and money analysing who is most likely to become loyal customers.大型公司将数百万美元投入营销和广告，使用分析来确定谁是他们的 ICP 或理想的客户档案。毫不奇怪，在社交媒体上弹出的广告以某种方式针对您或为您量身定制。这是因为公司花费大量时间和金钱来分析谁最有可能成为忠实客户。This extends to the supermarkets. Many believe that the more expensive branded products are much better than the supermarkets’ own brand. Money-saving experts like Martin Lewis, encourage us to give up the premium or branded products and buy the value versions.这延伸到超市。许多人认为，更昂贵的品牌产品比超市的自有品牌要好得多。像马丁刘易斯这样的省钱专家鼓励我们放弃高级或品牌产品并购买超值版本。So, are we really brand loyal? Companies certainly want us to be. But there are those who believe it's more to do with brand habit – that feeling of comfort you get from buying the same product over and over again. Once we’re familiar with a brand and we know that it's OK, we don't feel compelled to try anything else.那么，我们真的对品牌忠诚吗？公司当然希望我们成为。但是有些人认为这更多地与品牌习惯有关——你通过一遍又一遍地购买相同的产品而获得的舒适感。一旦我们熟悉了一个品牌并且我们知道它没问题，我们就不会觉得有必要尝试其他任何东西。So, the next time you find yourself buying your favourite brand, it might not be down to brand loyalty, but rather to habit, or even that you have been targeted by a specific company through tailored ads.因此，下次您发现自己购买自己喜欢的品牌时，可能不是品牌忠诚度，而是习惯，甚至是特定公司通过量身定制的广告锁定了您。词汇表brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度hit the (our) shelves 摆上货架fidelity 忠诚brand awareness 品牌认知logo 商标values 价值观goods 商品，货物service 服务advertising 广告analytics （数据）分析方法ICP (ideal customer profile) 理想客户特征ad 广告targeted 定向的，有目标的tailored 特制的，定制的own brand （商店的）自有品牌premium 高级的，优质的branded product 品牌产品brand habit 品牌习惯

Sleeping is important, but we all know that, right? Many people have experienced strange sleeping patterns, weird dreams and a feeling of restlessness and drowsiness during the coronavirus lockdown, despite a good night’s sleep. So what sort of things can help you to improve your sleep?睡眠很重要，但我们都知道，对吧？尽管睡得很好，但在冠状病毒封锁期间，许多人经历了奇怪的睡眠模式、奇怪的梦以及不安和嗜睡的感觉。那么什么样的东西可以帮助你改善睡眠呢？There's a plethora of myths related to sleep, some of which can be quite damaging for our health. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously claimed that she only hit the sack for five hours a night. But according to experts this is detrimental to health. Likewise, kipping in front of the TV is another thing to avoid. The bright lights can prevent you from entering deep sleep.有很多与睡眠有关的神话，其中一些可能对我们的健康造成相当大的损害。英国前首相玛格丽特·撒切尔 (Margaret Thatcher) 曾声称她每晚只上麻袋五个小时。但据专家称，这对健康有害。同样，在电视机前踢腿是另一件要避免的事情。明亮的灯光可以防止您进入深度睡眠。From a young age we're told to count sheep to help us to nod off, with some choosing to stay in bed to battle with insomnia. However, some experts advise getting up and doing something mindless, like folding socks, to help us get in the mood to catch forty winks.从小我们就被告知要数羊来帮助我们打瞌睡，有些人选择留在床上与失眠作斗争。然而，一些专家建议起床做一些无意识的事情，比如折叠袜子，以帮助我们有心情捕捉四十个眨眼。Psychologist Seth J. Gillihan PhD recommends walking to help in the battle against insomnia. He talks about a sleep study published in the journal Sleep Health which suggests that those who walk slightly more will experience better quality and duration of sleep. Watching what you eat or drink can also improve the amount of REM, or rapid eye movement you experience.心理学家 Seth J. Gillihan 博士建议步行帮助对抗失眠。他谈到发表在《睡眠健康》杂志上的一项睡眠研究，该研究表明，走路稍微多一点的人会体验到更好的睡眠质量和持续时间。观察你吃的或喝的东西也可以改善快速眼动的数量，或者你经历的快速眼动。If you're a snorer, you might also want to take note. While most snoring is harmless, it could be a sign of sleep apnoea, with people suffering from the condition more likely to have strokes or heart attacks, irregular heartbeats or high blood pressure.如果您是打鼾者，您可能还需要注意。虽然大多数打鼾是无害的，但它可能是睡眠呼吸暂停的征兆，患有这种疾病的人更容易中风或心脏病发作、心律不齐或高血压。Finally, a decent nap, or even a power nap, can help you to be more alert, calm and focussed. So while there are some good tips like exercising or folding socks to help us get a good night's sleep, sometimes a good afternoon's sleep can help us tackle the day ahead.最后，一个体面的小睡，甚至是一个强力的小睡，可以帮助你更加警觉、平静和专注。因此，虽然有一些很好的技巧，比如锻炼或折叠袜子来帮助我们睡个好觉，但有时午后的好睡眠可以帮助我们应对未来的一天。词汇表sleeping patterns 睡眠规律restlessness 焦躁不安，躁动drowsiness 睡意朦胧，昏昏欲睡hit the sack 上床睡觉kip 睡觉，打盹deep sleep 深度睡眠count sheep 数绵羊nod off 打瞌睡insomnia 失眠catch forty winks 打盹，小睡REM（rapid eye movement） 快速眼动睡眠snorer 睡觉打呼噜的人sleep apnoea 睡眠呼吸暂停nap 小睡， 打盹power nap 能量盹a good night's sleep 睡个好觉

For many of us, there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book. Whether it’s a gripping crime story or a biography of someone’s amazing life, it’s good to read a book to switch off from the distractions of everyday life and help us relax. Maybe that’s why some of them are actually being prescribed as a remedy to sickness.对于我们中的许多人来说，没有什么比埋头在一本好书中更好的了。无论是扣人心弦的犯罪故事还是某人精彩人生的传记，阅读一本书以摆脱日常生活的干扰并帮助我们放松是件好事。也许这就是为什么其中一些实际上被规定为治疗疾病的原因。It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can ‘broaden the mind’. A good novel can make us happy or sad, or make us cry as we empathise with characters. The power of books was recognised a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, tackling topics from depression to dementia to chronic pain. It called this ‘bibliotherapy’ and it’s become so successful that it's about to be extended to children as well.阅读对我们有好处似乎很明显。它可以是教育性的，而且，正如一些人所说，它可以“拓宽思维”。一部好小说可以让我们快乐或悲伤，或者让我们在同情人物时哭泣。几年前，英国慈善机构阅读机构认识到书籍的力量，该机构发布了一份医生可以提供给患者的书籍清单，涉及从抑郁症到痴呆症再到慢性疼痛的主题。它称之为“阅读疗法”，它变得如此成功，以至于它也即将扩展到儿童。Professor Philip Davis studies the effects of literature at Liverpool University and is author of a book called Reading for Life. He studies people in reading groups and found that it’s reading literature – written work thought to have artistic merit, that has the best effect. He told the BBC that when reading something for pleasure, “…the brain begins to work from different parts, from a different hemisphere and it gets excited, it gets pre-emotional – and you can see the brain coming to life.”菲利普戴维斯教授在利物浦大学研究文学的影响，并着有一本名为“终身阅读”的书。他研究阅读小组中的人，发现阅读文学——被认为具有艺术价值的书面作品，效果最好。他告诉 BBC，当为了愉悦而阅读某些东西时，“……大脑开始从不同的部分，从不同的半球开始工作，它变得兴奋，变得情绪化——你可以看到大脑开始活跃起来。”Of course, it’s easy in our smartphone generation to ditch a good book and fiddle with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health. It's thought they can help you set targets and find focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation you've been anxious about for weeks from someone else's perspective.当然，在我们的智能手机一代中，很容易放弃一本好书，转而使用我们的手机。但打开平装本可能是一种帮助促进或维持我们心理健康的简单方法。人们认为它们可以帮助您设定目标并找到焦点。他们可能会让你从别人的角度看到你已经焦虑了数周的尴尬情况。If you’re not an avid reader it can be hard to know where to begin. If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal, you could to read book reviews, visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be hooked! And if you still love your technology, you could always use an e-reader.如果您不是狂热的读者，可能很难知道从哪里开始。如果阅读机构的书单没有吸引力，您可以阅读书评、访问图书馆或书店或询问朋友。一旦你找到了正确的文字，你会被迷住的！如果您仍然热爱您的技术，您可以随时使用电子阅读器。词汇表gripping 扣人心弦的，引人入胜的crime story 犯罪故事biography 传记educational 有教育意义的broaden the mind 拓宽思路novel 小说characters 人物，角色bibliotherapy 阅读疗法literature 文学，文学作品artistic merit 艺术价值ditch 丢弃paperback 平装书mental health 心里健康perspective （思考问题的）角度，观点avid reader 书迷book reviews 书评library 图书馆text 文字hooked 入迷的，上瘾的e-reader 电子阅读器

When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable-looking creatures appear docile and friendly, so it’s no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the devastating bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia earlier this year. Luckily, many survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials.当你想到一只可爱、毛茸茸的野生动物时，你经常会想到一只考拉。这些长相可爱的生物看起来温顺友好，因此在今年早些时候摧毁澳大利亚部分地区的毁灭性丛林大火之后，人们担心该物种的未来也就不足为奇了。幸运的是，许多人幸存下来，这让我们有机会继续了解更多关于这些有袋动物的信息。Australia’s native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are under constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. It’s thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of this year’s bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology have been used to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because, as The Australian Koala Foundation estimates, there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild.澳大利亚本土和独特的野生动物，如袋鼠、鸭嘴兽和考拉，不断受到人类活动和自然灾害的威胁。据认为，今年的丛林大火导致至少有 10 亿只动物丧生。最近，无人机和热成像技术已被用来跟踪他们的运动，以帮助他们保持安全。保护这些独特的物种很重要，因为正如澳大利亚考拉基金会估计的那样，现在野外可能只有 43,000 只考拉。So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so ‘cool’? Maybe we envy their ability to sleep for up to 22 hours day! Or could it be their laid-back appearance due to the fact that they are herbivores and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves, which take a lot of time and energy to digest.那么，考拉有什么特别之处，又是什么让它们如此“酷”呢？也许我们羡慕他们一天能睡上 22 小时！或者可能是因为它们是草食动物，主要以多汁的桉树叶为食，需要大量的时间和精力来消化，所以它们看起来悠闲自在。What is amazing is that because they often live in a dry and hot environment, they drink very little water. So, how do they survive? Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick running water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called "stemflow". Valentina Mella, the lead author of the research and an ethnologist from the University of Sydney, told the BBC: "I think the main message is that behavioural observations in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to truly understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us."令人惊奇的是，由于他们经常生活在干燥炎热的环境中，他们喝的水很少。那么，它们是如何生存的呢？好吧，科学家们发现，这些野生哺乳动物在下雨时会舔掉树干光滑表面的流水。这种现象被称为“茎流”。该研究的主要作者、悉尼大学的民族学家瓦伦蒂娜·梅拉告诉 BBC：“我认为主要信息是，野外的行为观察对于确定什么是正常的和什么是不寻常的，以及真正了解动物需要什么。如果我们仔细观察它们，它们会告诉我们的。”So, despite the word ‘koala’ meaning 'no drink' or 'no water' in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these sleepy creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if we’re to encourage them to flourish, we need to conserve their habitat.因此，尽管“考拉”一词在土著语言中的意思是“不喝水”或“不喝水”，但似乎即使是这些昏昏欲睡的生物有时也需要喝水。如果我们要鼓励它们繁衍生息，我们就需要保护它们的栖息地。词汇表creature 动物species 物种bushfire 林火marsupials 有袋（目）动物kangaroo 袋鼠platypus 鸭嘴兽track 追踪laid-back 悠闲的，懒散的herbivore 食草动物eucalyptus leaf 桉树叶digest 消化environment 环境mammal 哺乳动物trunk 树干phenomenon 现象ethnologist 民族学者，人种学家Aboriginal 澳大利亚土著的flourish 茁壮成长conserve 保护habitat 栖息地

In a time when many people around the globe are in lockdown and unable to attend the gym, emphasis has been placed on home exercising. Fears of a sedentary life and piling on the pounds are forcing many to find novel ways to move the body and stretch their muscles. You don’t need to pump iron or have expensive equipment like rowing and cycling machines to help you stay fit.在全球许多人处于封锁状态且无法参加健身房的时代，人们将重点放在了家庭锻炼上。对久坐生活和体重增加的恐惧迫使许多人寻找新的方法来移动身体和伸展肌肉。您不需要用泵打铁或使用划船机和自行车机等昂贵的设备来帮助您保持健康。Exercising is not just important for your body, but also your mind. A study by Dr. Andrea Dunn at the Cooper Research Institute in Dallas, Texas found patients who did daily 35-minute walks per week experienced a 47% reduction in their depression levels.锻炼不仅对你的身体很重要，对你的头脑也很重要。德克萨斯州达拉斯库珀研究所的 Andrea Dunn 博士进行的一项研究发现，每周每天步行 35 分钟的患者的抑郁水平降低了 47%。Cardiovascular exercise, often simply called cardio, is designed to keep your heart rate up, which in turn will strengthen your heart and improve your general fitness. Many of us are turning to activities like skipping with an old rope, or watching one of the many ‘fitness experts’ who produce exercise videos online.心血管运动，通常简称为有氧运动，旨在保持您的心率加快，从而增强您的心脏并改善您的整体健康状况。我们中的许多人正在转向诸如用旧绳子跳绳之类的活动，或者观看在线制作运动视频的众多“健身专家”之一。Walking is another great aerobic activity to help you increase your blood circulation. There are many affordable pedometers which can be worn like a watch and used to track your steps, heart rate, sleeping patterns and even your blood oxygenation levels. You don’t even have to step outside, with many simply power walking or jogging round there gardens or up and down their hallways.步行是另一种有助于增加血液循环的有氧运动。有许多经济实惠的计步器可以像手表一样佩戴，用于跟踪您的步数、心率、睡眠模式，甚至是您的血氧水平。你甚至不必走到外面，许多人只是简单地在花园里或在走廊里上下行走或慢跑。Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, which in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury. Finally, strength and resistance training can be done at home by simply lifting bags of rice or boxes instead of heavy weights in the gym.练习瑜伽或太极拳可以帮助我们保持身体柔软，从而减轻关节疼痛并帮助保护我们免受伤害。最后，可以在家中进行力量和阻力训练，只需举起一袋袋米饭或盒子，而不是在健身房里举重物。There are many ways to help us stay mobile, and indeed these online exercise routines can be carried over in our lives long after lockdown is lifted. For those of us who moan about our busy lives stopping us from hitting the gym, ten minutes a day with a rope or a bag of rice may not only help our fitness, but our mental health too.有很多方法可以帮助我们保持移动，事实上，这些在线锻炼程序可以在解除锁定后的很长时间内延续到我们的生活中。对于我们这些抱怨我们忙碌的生活阻止我们去健身房的人来说，每天十分钟用一根绳子或一袋米可能不仅有助于我们的健身，也有助于我们的心理健康。词汇表sedentary life 缺少运动的生活，久坐不动的生活piling on the pounds 体重增加stretch 伸展，舒展pump iron 举重cardiovascular 心血管的cardio 有氧运动，可提高心跳频率的运动heart rate 心率general fitness 整体身体素质skipping 跳绳aerobic 增氧的blood circulation 血液循环pedometer 计步器sleeping pattern 睡眠习惯blood oxygenation 血氧power walking 快步走jogging 慢跑supple 灵活的joint pain 关节疼痛resistance training 抗阻训练hit the gym 去健身房

Feeling hungry? If you’re feeling peckish or famished, what’s the easiest way to satisfy your hunger? Many of us will reach for a takeaway menu and order some delicious – but possibly unhealthy – food.  And our increasingly busy and hectic lives add to our need to buy ready-made food on the go or delivered to home.感觉饿了？如果您感到饥饿或饥饿，那么满足饥饿感的最简单方法是什么？我们中的许多人会伸手去拿一份外卖菜单，点一些美味但可能不健康的食物。我们日益忙碌和忙碌的生活增加了我们在旅途中购买现成食品或送货上门的需求。Eating options are endless, and new technology means we can feed our cravings at the push of a button. Takeaway delivery apps make ordering food quick and convenient, and during the recent coronavirus crisis, it provided a lifeline to those stuck at home with nothing to cook or who lacked the skills to prepare a meal for themselves. It’s estimated that in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60,000 restaurants.  Amelia Brophy, Head of UK Data Products at YouGov, told the BBC that its research “suggests that the frequency of takeaways ordered is expected to increase in the future.”饮食选择无穷无尽，新技术意味着我们只需按一下按钮就可以满足我们的渴望。外卖应用程序使订购食物变得快捷方便，在最近的冠状病毒危机期间，它为那些被困在家里无事可做或缺乏自己准备饭菜技能的人提供了一条生命线。据估计，仅在英国，人们每天吃掉 300 万份外卖，三大外卖应用程序一起提供了来自 60,000 家餐厅的 100 种美食选择。YouGov 的英国数据产品负责人 Amelia Brophy 告诉 BBC，其研究“表明，未来订购外卖的频率预计会增加”。It’s no wonder we are tempted to skip the grocery shopping, bypass the kitchen, and tuck into something that someone else has prepared.  But ordering a deep crust pizza, a spicy curry or a box of noodles, can come at a price both financially and to our health. Eating too much processed and unhealthy fast food has some effect on obesity and the risk of developing certain metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. A few years ago, The BBC Good Food Nation Survey found that most people ate fast food on average two days per week. But, in the 16 to 20-year-old category, one in six ate fast food at least twice a day.难怪我们很想跳过杂货店购物，绕过厨房，吃别人准备的东西。但是，点一份厚皮披萨、一份辣咖喱或一盒面条，无论是在经济上还是对我们的健康都是有代价的。吃太多加工和不健康的快餐对肥胖和患某些代谢和心血管疾病的风险有一定的影响。几年前，BBC 美食国家调查发现，大多数人平均每周吃两天快餐。但是，在 16 至 20 岁的人群中，六分之一的人每天至少吃两次快餐。Of course, reducing salt, sugar and fat is one way to make takeaway food healthier, as well as offering smaller portion sizes. But the best advice you might want to take away from this Takeaway English is to find a recipe book and try making your own nutritious meal. And if you haven’t got time, try ordering a healthier alternative from the menu.当然，减少盐、糖和脂肪是使外卖食品更健康以及提供更小份量的一种方法。但是，您可能想从这本外卖英语中获得的最佳建议是找一本食谱书并尝试自己制作营养餐。如果您没有时间，请尝试从菜单中订购更健康的替代品。词汇表peckish 有点饿的，微饿的famished 非常饥饿的hunger 饥饿感menu 菜单ready-made 现成的，预先做好的craving 难以抑制的渴求cook 做饭meal 餐食，一顿饭cuisine 美食grocery 食品杂货tuck into 尽情地吃，痛快地吃deep crust pizza 深盘比萨spicy 辣的curry 咖喱noodles 面条processed 经过加工的obesity 肥胖fast food 快餐portion （食物）一份recipe book 食谱nutritious 有营养的

What makes you cry? Being moved by a soppy or sad movie, waving a loved one off, or getting emotional after splitting up with your partner can all cause tears to roll down our faces.  We all have the power to cry, but is that a good thing?是什么让你哭泣？被一部烂片或悲伤的电影所感动，挥手离开所爱的人，或者在与伴侣分手后变得情绪激动，都会让我们泪流满面。我们都有哭泣的力量，但这是一件好事吗？When you think about it, shedding tears from your eyes is an odd thing to do. But it seems to be an automatic reaction when we get sad, upset or even when we’re very happy. What triggers this reaction differs from person to person. However, the feeling is the same – your cheeks puff up, your eyes tighten and before you know it, tears are streaming down your face. Some of us may sniffle a little while others might cry like a baby – and some people suggest that it’s women who cry more than men.当你想到它时，从你的眼睛里流下眼泪是一件很奇怪的事情。但当我们感到悲伤、沮丧甚至是非常高兴时，这似乎是一种自动反应。引发这种反应的原因因人而异。然而，感觉是一样的——你的脸颊鼓起，你的眼睛紧闭，不知不觉中，泪水顺着你的脸流了下来。我们中的一些人可能会抽泣一点，而另一些人可能会像婴儿一样哭泣——有些人认为女性比男性哭得更多。A study in the UK in 2017 found that women admitted that they cry 72 times a year. This was, on average, more than men. Writing for the BBC, Adam Rutherford says “according to pretty much every study done, women do cry more than men, and this result has been consistent since we’ve been looking.” But does this mean men don’t get as upset or emotional as women, or are they just more embarrassed about showing their true feelings? The debate continues.2017 年英国的一项研究发现，女性承认她们每年哭泣 72 次。平均而言，这比男性多。为 BBC 撰稿的亚当·卢瑟福说：“根据几乎所有的研究，女性确实比男性更容易哭泣，而且自从我们一直在寻找这个结果以来，这一结果一直是一致的。”但这是否意味着男人不像女人那样心烦意乱或情绪激动，或者他们只是更尴尬地表达自己的真实感受？辩论仍在继续。One place where we experience emotional and tearful outbursts is in the workplace. This can be somewhere where emotions run high – someone might be stressed, their workload might be too much, and, as therapist, Joanna Cross told the BBC, “crying is often a build-up of frustration and undealt-with situations and it’s a bit of a final straw moment.” She describes how someone might start weeping when they’re just asked to make a cup of tea because, “actually that’s often a backlog of situations.”我们经历情感和泪流满面的地方之一是在工作场所。这可能是情绪高涨的地方——某人可能会感到压力，他们的工作量可能太大，而且，正如治疗师乔安娜克罗斯告诉 BBC 的那样，“哭泣通常是挫折感和未处理情况的累积，它是一种有点像最后一根稻草。”她描述了当某人被要求泡一杯茶时，他们可能会开始哭泣，因为“实际上这通常是积压的情况。”But crying in the office or elsewhere can be cathartic: it can actually make you feel better.  Maybe it dissolves or clears the negative or sad feelings you’ve had. Bawling your eyes out shows others how you feel, so perhaps it’s a crying shame that more of us, particularly men, don’t cry more often.但在办公室或其他地方哭可能是一种宣泄：它实际上可以让你感觉更好。也许它会化解或清除你曾经有过的负面或悲伤的感觉。哭出来告诉别人你的感受，所以我们中的更多人，尤其是男人，不经常哭泣也许是一种哭泣的耻辱。词汇表moved 被感动的soppy 伤感的emotional 情绪激动的shed tears 流泪upset 沮丧的，难过的trigger 引起（坏事）stream 涌出cry like a baby 像婴儿一样哭泣，哭泣embarrassed 害羞的true feelings 真情实感tearful 含泪的，流泪的outburst （情感）爆发emotions run high 情绪波动大，情绪高涨frustration 挫折，沮丧(the) final straw 最后一根稻草，使人最终崩溃的一击weep 哭泣，流泪cathartic 情感宣泄的bawl your eyes out 痛哭流涕It’s a crying shame 不像话，不应该

‘Life is for living’, according to the well-used expression: What we choose to do is up to us. That may not be completely true, but there is no harm in dreaming about what we’d like to achieve in our life. Many of us write a list of things we’d like to do before we die – often called a bucket list.“生活就是为了生活”，这句话用得很好：我们选择做什么取决于我们自己。这可能并不完全正确，但梦想我们想要在生活中实现什么并没有什么坏处。我们中的许多人都会在死前写下我们想做的事情的清单——通常被称为遗愿清单。Bucket lists have been called ‘the greatest hits of your life’ and have helped some people overcome anxiety which would have stopped them following their dreams.  Some of us may choose to write one to fill our life with exciting and new experiences – from skydiving to swimming with sharks – the list is unlimited.遗愿清单被称为“你一生中最伟大的打击”，并帮助一些人克服了焦虑，这些焦虑会阻止他们追随自己的梦想。我们中的一些人可能会选择写一篇来让我们的生活充满令人兴奋和新的体验——从跳伞到与鲨鱼一起游泳——这份清单是无限的。This is something the BBC radio programme All In The Mind has been looking at. It heard from a blogger called Annette White who said she made a promise to live her bucket list which “continuously pushes the comfort zone to its limits and beyond it.” Such a list can be exciting and can indeed help you plan your life and give you focus. When the BBC reporter Helen Fawkes knew she was suffering from incurable ovarian cancer, she took comfort in drawing up a bucket list -although she called it her ‘list for living’ because these were things for making the most of life. Sadly, she was not able to achieve all of her 50 things before she died at the age of 45.这是 BBC 广播节目 All In The Mind 一直在关注的内容。它是从一位名叫安妮特怀特的博主那里听到的，她说她承诺要遵守她的遗愿清单，“不断将舒适区推向极限并超越它”。这样的清单可能会令人兴奋，并且确实可以帮助您规划生活并让您专注。当 BBC 记者 Helen Fawkes 知道她患有无法治愈的卵巢癌时，她欣慰地制定了一份遗愿清单——尽管她称其为“生活清单”，因为这些是充分利用生活的东西。可悲的是，在她 45 岁去世之前，她未能完成她所有的 50 件事。Creating a bucket list can certainly give us hope, but some people have argued it can be used as a coping strategy to try to control something uncontrollable – death. Clinical psychologist Linda Blair told the BBC that she was “not really in favour of bucket lists… [they] take you away from the chance to be spontaneous.” It’s probably true that a list can encourage people to follow someone else’s idea of the perfect life. And also, following a fixed list of goals makes you less impulsive - your aims and wishes might change as you approach the day when you finally kick the bucket.创建一个遗愿清单当然可以给我们带来希望，但有些人认为它可以作为一种应对策略来尝试控制无法控制的事情——死亡。临床心理学家琳达·布莱尔告诉 BBC，她“并不真正支持遗愿清单……[它们] 会让你失去自发的机会。”清单可以鼓励人们追随别人对完美生活的想法，这可能是真的。而且，遵循固定的目标清单会让你不那么冲动——当你接近你最终踢桶的那一天时，你的目标和愿望可能会发生变化。But why not at least dream of what we would like to do? Why not reach for the stars, even if we only reach the sky? Whether we want to plan it or just see what happens, we don’t know what tomorrow will bring, so maybe we should live for today.但为什么不至少梦想我们想做的事呢？即使我们只能到达天空，为什么不伸手去摘星星呢？无论我们是想计划还是只是看看会发生什么，我们都不知道明天会带来什么，所以也许我们应该为今天而活。词汇表life is for living 活出精彩bucket list 人生愿望清单anxiety 焦虑experience 经历skydiving 跳伞运动comfort zone 舒适区to its limits 到……最大限度focus 专注的重点，中心take comfort 从……中得到安慰coping strategy 应对策略uncontrollable 无法控制的in favour of 支持，赞同spontaneous 自发的，本能的goal 目标impulsive 冲动的kick the bucket 死亡reach for the stars 追求难以实现的东西live for today 活在当下

We’ve all heard cats meow and hiss, but why do they purr? There are a number of theories out there - from the commonly held belief that they are simply happy, to British comedian Eddie Izzard’s light-hearted suggestion that they are impersonating a drill.我们都听过猫叫和嘶嘶声，但它们为什么会发出咕噜声？那里有许多理论 - 从普遍认为他们只是快乐的信念，到英国喜剧演员 Eddie Izzard 的轻松建议，他们正在冒充演习。While they do purr when tickled or caressed to show their appreciation for attention, cats also make the noise when not in our company. The purring noise is a consistent pulsing sound that occurs while they both inhale and exhale breath. The word ‘purr’ is a great example of onomatopoeia and refers to the constant noise which ranges in frequency between 25 and 150 hertz.虽然它们在挠痒痒或爱抚时会发出咕噜声以表达对关注的感激之情，但猫不在我们公司时也会发出声音。呼噜声是一种持续的脉冲声，在他们吸气和呼气时发生。“purr”这个词是拟声词的一个很好的例子，指的是频率范围在 25 到 150 赫兹之间的恒定噪声。For a long time, scientists debated how cats purred. Most people believe that the cat’s brain signals the laryngeal muscles to vibrate and function like a valve, opening and closing the space between the vocal cords. What triggers this reaction is debated. Some argue that the cat intends to purr, while others say it may be due to endorphins released by the brain as a reaction to pleasure, or pain.长期以来，科学家们一直在争论猫是如何发出咕噜声的。大多数人认为，猫的大脑向喉部肌肉发出信号，使其像阀门一样振动和发挥作用，打开和关闭声带之间的空间。引发这种反应的原因尚有争议。一些人认为猫会发出咕噜声，而另一些人则认为这可能是由于大脑释放内啡肽作为对快乐或疼痛的反应。According to Leslie A. Lyons, an assistant professor at the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of California, cats often purr while stressed, such as when they head to the vets or are recovering from an injury. So what are the potential benefits of this ‘drilling’ sound? Some scientists believe the vibrations that ripple through the cats’ bodies may actually promote muscle development, heal bones and injuries, ease breathing and lessen pain. It could even help to soothe discomfort in a similar way to a child sucking their thumb.根据加州大学兽医学院助理教授 Leslie A. Lyons 的说法，猫经常在压力大时发出咕噜声，例如当它们去看兽医或从受伤中恢复时。那么这种“钻孔”声音的潜在好处是什么？一些科学家认为，通过猫的身体产生的振动实际上可能会促进肌肉发育，治愈骨骼和受伤，缓解呼吸并减轻疼痛。它甚至可以帮助缓解不适，就像孩子吮吸拇指一样。So, the purring of a cat may have more uses than just telling you they’re enjoying attention. It’s also important to remember that not all cats can purr. Some bigger felines, like lions, can’t, and only roar. So, the next time you hear a roar, it probably isn’t your pussy cat, and you might need to run.所以，猫的呼噜声可能不仅仅告诉你它们正在享受关注。同样重要的是要记住，并非所有的猫都会发出咕噜声。一些较大的猫科动物，如狮子，不能，只能咆哮。所以，下次你听到咆哮声时，它可能不是你的猫，你可能需要逃跑。词汇表meow 猫叫声，喵喵叫hiss 嘶嘶声purr （猫发出的）咕噜声pulsing 脉冲的inhale 吸气exhale 呼气，吐出气onomatopoeia 象声词，拟声词frequency （声波的）频率hertz 赫兹laryngeal 喉部的vibrate 震动，颤抖vocal cords 声带endorphin 内啡肽，安多芬vibration 持续震动ripple （声音）传播起伏roar 吼叫

Most of us dream of meeting that special someone. For lack of a better phrase, that Prince or Princess Charming who will sweep us off our feet. But to quote the old adage from Shakespeare, “The course of true love never did run smooth.” Sometimes our dream partner may have an unfortunate surprise to share with us – they may not live in the same town, city, country, or even on the same continent as you.我们大多数人都梦想遇到那个特别的人。找不到比这更好的词组了，那就是让我们大吃一惊的王子或白马公主。但引用莎士比亚的那句古老格言，“真爱的道路从来都不是一帆风顺的。”有时，我们梦寐以求的伴侣可能会与我们分享一个不幸的惊喜——他们可能与您不在同一个城镇、城市、国家，甚至不在同一个大陆。And so some crazy lovebirds decide to enter into a long-distance relationship. We live in a time when the internet facilitates easier interaction with your cherished and treasured potential life partner. However, according to the many people who have been in long-distance relationships, there are certain pitfalls that you need to be aware of to enjoy a committed and monogamous relationship over the wires of the net.于是一些疯狂的情侣决定开始一段异地恋。我们生活在一个互联网促进与您珍爱的潜在生活伴侣更轻松互动的时代。然而，根据许多处于异地恋关系的人的说法，您需要注意一些陷阱，才能在网络上享受忠诚和一夫一妻制的关系。Many people are put off by the very idea of it. A lack of intimacy and companionship can act as a deterrent for some, but for those who embrace a digital distance relationship, they must accept that at times they may feel lonely. Many of us dream of that inseparable bond, often named as ‘soulmates’, and here are three tips to help you navigate this potentially tricky form of dating.许多人被它的想法所推迟。缺乏亲密感和陪伴对某些人来说可能是一种威慑，但对于那些拥抱数字距离关系的人来说，他们必须接受有时他们可能会感到孤独的事实。我们中的许多人都梦想着这种不可分割的纽带，通常被称为“灵魂伴侣”，这里有三个技巧可以帮助您驾驭这种可能很棘手的约会形式。Firstly, there needs to be trust. Being faithful is a prerequisite in most relationships, but you also need to be able to trust yourself not to stray. Part of the challenge is dealing with loneliness. Also, maintaining a level of self-sufficiency and setting goals is another way to help you cope. Not only does it mean you keep your independence, but also gives you more to talk about with your partner. Lastly, you need a plan – dates when you will see each other again, or where the relationship will lead to: perhaps even marriage.首先，要有信任。在大多数关系中，忠诚是一个先决条件，但你也需要能够相信自己不会迷路。部分挑战是处理孤独感。此外，保持一定程度的自给自足和设定目标是帮助您应对的另一种方式。这不仅意味着您保持独立，而且还让您有更多与伴侣交谈的机会。最后，你需要一个计划——你们将再次见面的日期，或者这段关系将走向何方：甚至可能是婚姻。So, long-distance relationships are potentially a difficult situation, but if you do meet Mr or Mrs Right, and they live far away, there are some steps you can take to make life a little easier.所以，异地恋可能是一个困难的情况，但如果你确实遇到了先生或太太，而且他们住在很远的地方，你可以采取一些措施来让生活变得更轻松一些。词汇表special someone 特别的那个人，生命中重要的那个人Prince /Princess Charming 白马王子、白雪公主，理想的另一半adage 格言dream partner 理想的伴侣lovebirds 情侣，恋人cherished 珍爱的treasured 心爱的life partner 终身伴侣pitfall 陷阱committed 忠诚的monogamous 一夫一妻制的intimacy 亲昵的言行companionship 陪伴deterrent 威慑作用inseparable 亲密无间的prerequisite 先决条件self-sufficiency 自给自足，自我满足Mr / Mrs Right 意中人，理想伴侣

It affects one in six people in England each week, according to UK charity Mind. That's the ratio of people who report experiencing a common mental health problem, such as depression. Whether temporarily down in the dumps, or chronically depressed, many rely on anti-depressants to lift their dejected mood. But, they have a cost – one ex-user told the BBC that they felt they were in a "chemical fog" and were desperate to stop. If medication is a last resort, what alternatives are there when you're feeling truly blue?据英国慈善机构 Mind 称，它每周影响英格兰六分之一的人。这是报告遇到常见心理健康问题（例如抑郁症）的人的比例。无论是暂时情绪低落，还是长期抑郁，许多人都依靠抗抑郁药来缓解他们沮丧的情绪。但是，他们是有代价的——一位前用户告诉 BBC，他们觉得自己处于“化学迷雾”中，迫切希望停下来。如果药物是最后的手段，当你感到真正的忧郁时，还有什么选择？What about cold-water swimming to combat melancholy? One participant, known as Sarah, took part in the 2016 BBC One series The Doctor Who Gave Up Drugs. She had been taking anti-depressants since the age of 17. Two years after the show, she is off all medication and still swimming – something a recent British Medical Journal report believes may be an effective treatment for depression. Apart from the exercise and companionship of swimmers, the cold water puts the body under stress. With repeated immersions, the body better adapts not just to this physical stress, but mental stress, including the psychological problems of life that lead to low spirits.用冷水游泳来对抗忧郁症怎么样？一位名叫 Sarah 的参与者参加了 2016 年 BBC One 系列节目《戒毒医生》。她从 17 岁开始服用抗抑郁药。演出结束两年后，她停止了所有药物治疗，仍在游泳——英国医学杂志最近的一份报告认为，这可能是治疗抑郁症的有效方法。除了游泳者的锻炼和陪伴外，冷水还会使身体承受压力。通过反复沉浸，身体不仅可以更好地适应这种身体压力，还可以适应精神压力，包括导致情绪低落的生活心理问题。Susan Calman relies on kindness to brighten her mood. The 43-year-old comedian and author encourages others to use altruism to improve the lives of those around them. "It can be as simple as holding open a door for someone, or giving someone a compliment, or buying someone a packet of crisps while they're feeling down," she tells the BBC. In fact, anything that uplifts. "If we all started to be a bit kinder then maybe we could start seeing the world as a better place. It's really about kindness and then from that, just finding that happiness," she says.苏珊卡尔曼依靠善意来点亮她的心情。这位 43 岁的喜剧演员和作家鼓励其他人利用利他主义来改善周围人的生活。“这可以很简单，比如为某人打开一扇门，或者称赞某人，或者在某人情绪低落时给他们买一包薯片，”她告诉 BBC。事实上，任何可以提升的东西。“如果我们都开始变得更友善一点，那么也许我们可以开始将世界视为一个更美好的地方。这真的是关于善良，然后从中找到幸福，”她说。Or you could talk about it. Woebot is a chatbot designed to support people dealing with problems by teaching coping strategies. "There's a reason why good therapeutic approaches are conversational. It just asks the right questions so you can figure it out," Alison Darcy, founder of Woebot, tells the BBC. One user, Nick Impson, explained that Woebot relieves the potential trust issues that can occur when talking to a stranger, even a qualified one.或者你可以谈谈它。Woebot 是一个聊天机器人，旨在通过教授应对策略来支持人们处理问题。“好的治疗方法是对话式的，这是有原因的。它只是提出正确的问题，这样你才能弄清楚，”Woebot 的创始人艾莉森·达西告诉 BBC。一位用户 Nick Impson 解释说，Woebot 可以缓解与陌生人（甚至是合格的人）交谈时可能发生的潜在信任问题。Feeling despondent happens to everyone. When it does, you might want to try one of these methods and see if it works for you. We hope you'll be feeling as right as rain again in no time. 每个人都会感到沮丧。当它发生时，您可能想尝试其中一种方法，看看它是否适合您。我们希望你很快就会感觉像下雨一样。词汇表depression 抑郁症down in the dumps 情绪低落depressed 感到抑郁的anti-depressant 抗抑郁药lift your mood 改善你的情绪dejected 失意的feel blue 闷闷不乐melancholy 忧伤、忧郁medication 药物companionship 同伴情谊stress 压力、紧张low spirits 气馁，精神不振brighten your mood 让你的心情好起来altruism 无私的精神feeling down 心情沮丧uplift 鼓舞support 给予（精神）帮助、支持coping strategy 应对策略therapeutic approach 治疗性手段despondent 消沉的as right as rain 一切良好，没事的

The average worldwide commute is around 40 minutes. But UK workers are travelling 54 minutes and Londoners commute approximately 80 minutes by car and over two hours by train every day, according to the UK Department of Transport. Drawing on all that travelling experience, what can these commuters teach us about how best to behave during all that time spent in cars, trains, and buses?非洲联盟的最高卫生官员希望尽快向非洲国家提供世界上第一个获得批准的疟疾疫全球平均通勤时间约为 40 分钟。但根据英国交通部的数据，英国工人每天出行 54 分钟，伦敦人每天大约需要 80 分钟的车程和两个多小时的火车通勤时间。借助所有这些旅行经验，这些通勤者能教给我们什么关于在汽车、火车和公共汽车中度过的所有时间中如何表现得最好的信息？First of all, travel etiquette is important. A recent BBC article asked its readers to describe which of their fellow commuters' actions constituted bad manners. Top answers included taking too loudly, eating stinky food and putting feet up on the seats. Several respondents even mentioned a fellow train passenger clipping their toenails in the carriage. Their reactions on this boorish behaviour included feeling disgusted, perplexed and appalled. 首先，旅行礼仪很重要。最近 BBC 的一篇文章要求其读者描述他们的通勤伙伴中的哪些行为构成了不礼貌的行为。最佳答案包括大声喧哗、吃发臭的食物和把脚放在座位上。一些受访者甚至提到了一位火车乘客在车厢里剪脚趾甲。他们对这种粗鲁行为的反应包括感到厌恶、困惑和震惊。A more controversial activity is doing make-up. Opinions varied on whether this was impolite or inconsiderate. One reader said he was so offended by this conduct, he had to change carriages. However, the idea that make-up should be applied in private is an outdated concept, says professional make-up artist Nic Chapman and one half of beauty brand, Pixiwoo. "We are not ashamed of wearing make-up," she told the BBC. Dilruba Khanom told the BBC "I do admire a woman's confidence to not give two hoots and slap on the face."一个更有争议的活动是化妆。对于这是否不礼貌或不体谅他人，意见不一。一位读者说他被这种行为冒犯了，他不得不换车。然而，专业化妆师 Nic Chapman 和美妆品牌 Pixiwoo 的一半表示，认为应该私下化妆的想法已经过时。“我们并不以化妆为耻，”她告诉 BBC。Dilruba Khanom 对 BBC 说：“我很钦佩一个女人的自信，不叫两声耳光。”But a long commute isn't just about negative experiences. Many UK commuters turned to innovative activities to better make use of their time on transport. 37-year-old Ben Yallop, who manages international judicial relations at the Royal Courts of Justice, used his daily three-hour trip to write and self-publish two novels. He started "jotting down ideas" for a series of them. "I've done almost all my research, plotting and writing on the train," he tells the BBC. Alternatively, 24-year-old Amy Dickett uses her 90-minute trip to photograph fellow commuters for her Commute Blog. She snaps a picture and asks them to tell her something surprising about themselves. "Usually they are surprised but glad to have some entertainment on an otherwise boring journey. Often the people around us join in and will ask their own questions," she told the BBC.但长途通勤不仅仅是负面体验。许多英国通勤者转向创新活动，以更好地利用他们的交通时间。37 岁的本·亚洛普 (Ben Yallop) 在皇家法院管理国际司法关系，他利用每天三小时的旅行来撰写和自行出版两本小说。他开始为其中的一系列“记下想法”。“我在火车上完成了几乎所有的研究、绘图和写作，”他告诉 BBC。或者，24 岁的艾米·迪克特（Amy Dickett）利用她 90 分钟的行程为她的通勤博客拍摄其他通勤者。她拍了一张照片，让他们告诉她一些关于他们自己的令人惊讶的事情。“通常他们很惊讶，但很高兴在原本无聊的旅程中获得一些娱乐。我们周围的人通常会加入并提出他们自己的问题，”她告诉 BBC。So, no matter where or how long your journey is, take a leaf from the UK commuter's book. Don't antagonise your fellow passengers and rather than staring into space – use your time creatively.因此，无论您的旅程在哪里或多长时间，请从英国通勤者的书中学习。不要激怒你的同行乘客，也不要盯着太空看——创造性地利用你的时间。词汇表etiquette 礼仪、礼节bad manners 不礼貌，不文明clip （用指甲刀）剪toenail 脚趾甲boorish 粗鲁的disgusted 厌恶的，恶心的perplexed 困惑的appalled 目瞪口呆的impolite 无礼的inconsiderate 不考虑他人的conduct 行为ashamed 羞耻的not give two hoots 完全不在乎slap on the face 化妆self-publish 自费出版jot down ideas 随手记下想法blog 博客snap a picture 拍一张照片antagonise 引起…的反感

What do you do with old stuff? That top you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and it's been hanging in your wardrobe ever since. You could throw it away, but that seems wasteful – after all it's still perfectly usable. So, what to do? In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop.你用旧东西做什么？例如，你三年前为派对买的那件上衣。你穿过它一次，从那以后它就一直挂在你的衣橱里。你可以把它扔掉，但这似乎很浪费——毕竟它仍然完全可用。那么该怎么办？在英国，我们可能会把它带到慈善商店。The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th Century. The Salvation Army, a UK charity, was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the impoverished and needy with affordable clothes. This was followed by charities such as the British Red Cross, who also relieved hardship and raised money for the war effort during World War Two. The modern form we know today was opened in 1947 by Oxfam.19世纪英国出现了第一家慈善商店。英国慈善机构救世军是最早开设二手服装店的机构之一，为贫困和有需要的人提供负担得起的衣服。紧随其后的是英国红十字会等慈善机构，他们也为二战期间的战争纾困并筹集资金。我们今天所知的现代形式是由乐施会于 1947 年开放的。These days, charity shops are a common sight with around 11,200 shops across the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. During business hours any member of the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop – clothes, books, electronics, furniture. Most charity shops will take anything. These items are checked for wear and tear and if found still serviceable, priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price.据慈善零售协会称，如今，慈善商店很常见，全英国约有 11,200 家商店。在工作时间，任何公众都可以将他们不需要的物品捐赠给慈善商店——衣服、书籍、电子产品、家具。大多数慈善商店会采取任何措施。检查这些物品的磨损情况，如果发现仍然可以使用，则定价以大幅折扣价出售。For many, this is a win-win situation. To the charity, it means a valuable source of revenue, which they can use to pursue their charitable aim. To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply, items and clothes. Though previously owned, they are durable. To the donator, it declutters and may help to assuage consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case to yourself that you are doing good, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause [and] you are saving stuff from landfill,” Clare Press, fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the Guardian. Indeed, approximately £140 million worth of clothing alone goes into landfill each year, according to UK charity WRAP, the Waste and Resources Action Programme.对许多人来说，这是一个双赢的局面。对于慈善机构来说，这意味着一个宝贵的收入来源，他们可以用它来追求他们的慈善目标。对消费者来说，它提供了购买通常非常便宜的物品和衣服的机会。虽然以前拥有，但它们很耐用。对于捐赠者来说，它可以整理并可能有助于减轻消费者的内疚感。“你可以很好地证明自己做得很好，因为你所做的是为了慈善事业 [并且] 你正在从垃圾填埋场拯救东西，”时尚记者和可持续风格倡导者 Clare Press 告诉监护人。事实上，根据英国慈善机构 WRAP（废物和资源行动计划）的数据，每年仅价值 1.4 亿英镑的衣物就被送往垃圾填埋场。There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. On more than one occasion a buyer has purchased something very cheaply, only to later discover its true value – such as a screen print bought for 99p and later found to be by English artist Ben Nicholson. It sold at auction for £4,200. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop – after all, charity begins at home!有时买家也有隐藏的宝藏。不止一次，买家以非常便宜的价格购买了某样东西，但后来才发现它的真正价值——例如以 99 便士购买的丝网印刷品，后来发现是英国艺术家本·尼科尔森 (Ben Nicholson) 之手。它在拍卖会上以 4,200 英镑的价格售出。因此，下次您需要摆脱某些东西时，请考虑到慈善商店——毕竟，慈善始于家庭！词汇表throw away 扔掉wasteful 浪费的usable 能用的charity shop 慈善商店second-hand 二手的impoverished 贫困的needy 穷苦的，贫寒的relieve hardship 解困donate 捐出unwanted 不需要的，多余的wear and tear 磨损serviceable 可以使用的previously owned 二手的durable 耐用的declutter 清理（多余的物品）do good 做好事charitable cause 慈善事业sustainable 可持续的hidden treasure 隐藏的宝藏charity begins at home 好事从身边做起

When you've got to go, you've got to go. At least that's the old saying! It refers to the often inconvenient need for a person to visit the toilet. It can happen to us all. There you are, out and about - when suddenly your bladder informs you that you need to spend a penny. The logical thing to do is tie a knot in it until you get to your destination, but what if you're busting? That's when you head straight to the nearest public lavatory. But in the UK, that might prove tough.该走的时候，就该走。至少这是一句老话！它是指一个人经常不方便上厕所的需要。它可能发生在我们所有人身上。你在那里，到处走走——突然你的膀胱告诉你，你需要花一分钱。合乎逻辑的做法是在你到达目的地之前打个结，但如果你失败了怎么办？那是你直接前往最近的公共厕所的时候。但在英国，这可能会很艰难。Public loos in the UK appear to be going down the toilet. At least 673 public restrooms across the UK have not been maintained by their councils since 2010, according to figures obtained by the BBC under the Freedom of Information Act. That means there are 13% fewer places where a person can have a tinkle. Why is this?英国的公共厕所似乎正在下厕所。根据英国广播公司根据《信息自由法》获得的数据，自 2010 年以来，英国至少有 673 个公共厕所没有得到其议会的维护。这意味着一个人可以发出叮当声的地方减少了 13%。为什么是这样？It's a combination of two factors. Councils in the UK are facing enormous pressure to reduce spending. By 2020, they will have experienced a 54% reduction in funding from central government, according to the UK's Local Government Association. Secondly, there is no legal requirement for a local authority to provide a location to relieve yourself. As a result, toilet upkeep often gets 'flushed' to save money. Many councils have handed over the running of some toilets to parish councils, private companies or community groups.这是两个因素的结合。英国的议会正面临着削减开支的巨大压力。根据英国地方政府协会的数据，到 2020 年，他们将从中央政府获得的资金减少 54%。其次，地方当局没有法律要求提供一个地方来缓解自己。结果，厕所保养经常被“冲水”以节省资金。许多议会已将一些厕所的运营权移交给教区议会、私营公司或社区团体。Councils have a 'moral responsibility' to provide access to public toilets, Raymond Martin of the British Toilet Association told the BBC. And it would seem that they know it, too. Despite closures, many councils have backed schemes to allow the public to use private business facilities to do their business. The City of London has run a community toilet scheme since 2012, giving the public free access to their toilets during trading hours, and Derry City and Strabane District Council's Community Toilet Scheme offers businesses in their remit a financial incentive to allow the public to powder their noses. In addition, Network Rail, owner and operator of the railway infrastructure in Britain, has plans in the pipeline to scrap entry fees at all of its station toilets from 2019.英国厕所协会的雷蒙德·马丁告诉 BBC，议会有“道德责任”提供公共厕所。他们似乎也知道这一点。尽管关闭，但许多议会支持允许公众使用私人商业设施开展业务的计划。伦敦金融城自 2012 年开始实施社区厕所计划，允许公众在交易时间免费使用厕所，德里市和斯特拉班区议会的社区厕所计划在其职权范围内为企业提供经济激励，允许公众在他们的厕所上撒粉。鼻子。此外，英国铁路基础设施的所有者和运营商 Network Rail 计划从 2019 年起取消其所有车站厕所的入场费。So it seems all hope is not lost. Despite the fact that council-run public toilet numbers are down, there are alternatives available. Rather than having to cross your legs, look around. You can always find somewhere that will let you polish the porcelain.所以似乎所有的希望都没有失去。尽管市议会运营的公共厕所数量减少了，但仍有替代方案可用。与其交叉双腿，不如环顾四周。你总能找到能让你擦亮瓷器的地方。词汇表go 上厕所（口语）toilet 卫生间bladder 膀胱spend a penny 去卫生间方便一下tie a knot in it 忍着（口语）busting 急着想上厕所public lavatory 公共卫生间loo 厕所（口语）go down the toilet 打水漂，毁了（此处是双关用法）restroom 公共洗手间have a tinkle 小便（儿童用语）relieve yourself 解手（礼貌说法）flush 付诸东流，抛弃do your business 这里指上厕所powder your nose 如厕（委婉说法）in the pipeline 在酝酿中，在筹备中cross your legs （因憋着想上厕所而）交叉双腿polish the porcelain 上厕所

'Kids these days, eh?' Three simple words that try to summarise many a misunderstanding across a generational divide. On one side, the older generation – stuffy, antiquated, and oppressive. On the other, the younger generation – rebellious, ignorant and disobedient, and lacking in self-control. Or at least that's what popular stereotypes would have us believe. That said, every generation is different in one way or another to the next. But if recent figures are anything to go by, juveniles may actually be improving upon their elders' behaviour.“现在的孩子们，嗯？”三个简单的词试图概括代沟中的许多误解。一方面，老一代——闷闷不乐、过时、压抑。另一方面，年轻一代——叛逆、无知、不听话、缺乏自制力。或者至少这是流行的刻板印象让我们相信的。也就是说，每一代人都以一种或另一种方式与下一代不同。但如果最近的数据可以作为参考，那么青少年实际上可能正在改善他们长辈的行为。British 16–24 year olds are drinking less alcohol and smoking less, according to a recent report from the UK Office for National Statistics.  From 2005 to 2017 the number of British adolescents and young adults who had drunk alcohol the week prior to being interviewed declined from 60% to 50%. This is mirrored by their consumption of cigarettes, which dropped from 28.5% to 19.9% for the same period. 根据英国国家统计局最近的一份报告，英国 16 至 24 岁的人正在减少饮酒和吸烟。从 2005 年到 2017 年，在接受采访前一周饮酒的英国青少年和年轻人的数量从 60% 下降到 50%。这反映在他们的香烟消费量上，同期从 28.5% 下降到 19.9%。One possible reason for this youth's sagacity could lie in the cultural shift away from these behaviours – something they can thank their forebears for. Campaigns and adverts on the dangers of smoking and drinking have been persevering. For example, the Department of Transport's Think! campaign to raise awareness of the dangers of drink-driving, or the Department of Health's Change4Life campaign promoting the benefits of healthy food and exercise. And while, for their predecessors these behaviours may have become ingrained, it seems young people are taking these messages to heart.这个年轻人睿智的一个可能原因可能在于从这些行为中发生的文化转变——他们可以感谢他们的祖先。关于吸烟和饮酒危害的运动和广告一直在坚持。例如，交通部的 Think!提高人们对酒后驾驶危害的认识的运动，或卫生部的 Change4Life 运动，宣传健康食品和锻炼的好处。虽然，对于他们的前辈来说，这些行为可能已经根深蒂固，但年轻人似乎将这些信息铭记于心。Another explanation could be based in youth's natural delinquency. "Young people are rebelling against the older generations' chosen methods of rebellion," says Dr James Nicholls, Director of Research and Policy Development at Alcohol Research UK, speaking to the Guardian. In other words, if the older generation's method of rebellion from their parents was to drink, smoke and act anti-socially, then their offspring's is to refrain.另一种解释可能是基于青少年的自然犯罪。“年轻人正在反抗老一代人选择的反叛方法，”英国酒精研究中心的研究和政策制定主任詹姆斯尼科尔斯博士在接受《卫报》采访时说。换言之，如果说老一辈背叛父母的方式是酗酒、抽烟和反社会，那么他们的后代就是克制。Whether or not this will continue, only time will tell. As these under-25s go through life, they may buck their current trend, and turn to the behaviour of their ancestors. However, they may stick to their guns and continue to be sensible. If this is indeed the case then a more interesting question arises. How will their youth react? 这是否会继续下去，只有时间会证明一切。随着这些 25 岁以下的人度过一生，他们可能会逆势而上，转向他们祖先的行为。但是，他们可能会坚持自己的立场并继续保持理智。如果情况确实如此，那么就会出现一个更有趣的问题。他们的青春会有什么反应？词汇表generational divide 代沟stuffy 保守的，一本正经的antiquated 过时的oppressive 压抑的rebellious 离经叛道的ignorant 无知的disobedient 不听话的juvenile 青少年elder 长辈adolescent （青春期的）青少年young adult （二十岁前后的）年轻人sagacity 睿智cultural shift 文化变迁forebear 先辈persevering 长久不懈的predecessor 上一代人ingrained 根深蒂固的delinquency （青少年）违法行为offspring 后代buck a trend 逆势而上stick to your guns 坚持己见

The course of true love never did run smooth, Lysander tells us in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Wise words many, would say. In the fast-paced world of modern life, it can be difficult to meet anyone, let alone our soulmate. Fortunately, there's an app for that, though wooing a potential partner is still up to you. 真爱的道路从来都不是一帆风顺的，Lysander 在莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》中告诉我们。明智的话很多，会说。在快节奏的现代生活中，遇到任何人都很难，更不用说我们的知己了。幸运的是，有一个应用程序可以解决这个问题，尽管吸引潜在的合作伙伴仍然取决于你。Dating apps like Tinder, Bumble and Chappy have been around for a good few years and statistics prove their ongoing popularity. Tinder claims to get 1.6 billion swipes per day. A study conducted by globaldatinginsights.com, analysts of the online dating industry, found that lonely hearts in the UK spent 10 hours a week using them to find someone to go out with. And finally, a 2018 YouGov survey conducted on behalf of BBC Radio 1 Newsbeat found that of over 2000 16-34-year-olds, nearly half had used a dating app at some point.Tinder、Bumble 和 Chappy 等约会应用已经存在了好几年，统计数据证明了它们的持续受欢迎程度。Tinder 声称每天有 16 亿次滑动。在线约会行业的分析师 globaldatinginsights.com 进行的一项研究发现，在英国，孤独的心每周要花 10 个小时来寻找约会对象。最后，代表 BBC Radio 1 Newsbeat 进行的 2018 年 YouGov 调查发现，在 2000 多名 16-34 岁的人群中，近一半曾在某个时候使用过约会应用程序。That said, the very same survey found that only 17% had met their current beau on an app. And 37% said that using an app was their least preferred method to find a potential mate to take out, for a fling or otherwise.也就是说，同一项调查发现，只有 17% 的人在应用程序上遇到了他们现在的男友。37% 的人表示，使用应用程序是他们最不喜欢的寻找潜在伴侣的方法，无论是为了约会还是其他方式。One possible reason for this comes from one respondent, 26-year-old Jordan. He believes that dating apps create issues with self-doubt and anxiety. "You're judged for the person you are on screen and not for the person you are," he told the BBC. As people open themselves up to more rejection, it can lead to feelings of depression, says relationship psychologist Madeleine Mason Roantree. Indeed, Jordan says he's been judged on dating apps for being "too young, too old and too fat."一个可能的原因来自一位 26 岁的受访者乔丹。他认为约会应用程序会产生自我怀疑和焦虑的问题。“评判你是因为你在屏幕上的那个人，而不是你这个人，”他告诉 BBC。关系心理学家马德琳·梅森·罗安特里说，随着人们对更多的拒绝敞开心扉，这可能会导致抑郁感。事实上，乔丹说他在约会应用程序上被评判为“太年轻、太老和太胖”。Deception can be another issue, with profiles often stretching the truth. Twenty-year-old Emma told Newsbeat about meeting a suitor whose height matched hers on their profiles, only to find he was a foot shorter in reality. Twenty-four-year-old Mikey believes dating apps are "quite Catfish-y" after meeting someone whose profile picture did not match their appearance.欺骗可能是另一个问题，个人资料通常会夸大事实。20 岁的 Emma 告诉 Newsbeat，她遇到了一个身高与她的个人资料相符的求婚者，却发现他实际上比她矮了一英尺。24 岁的 Mikey 在遇到个人资料图片与他们的外表不符的人后，认为约会应用程序“相当鲶鱼式”。So does this mean that dating apps are a waste of time? It depends. Over 25% of those asked by YouGov might not agree. They were going steady or had tied the knot as a result of a dating app. A happily ever after might only be round the corner, but one way to find out is to swipe right and see.那么这是否意味着约会应用程序是在浪费时间？这取决于。YouGov 询问的受访者中超过 25% 的人可能不同意。由于约会应用程序，他们变得稳定或喜结连理。从此幸福快乐可能只是在拐角处，但找出答案的一种方法是向右滑动并查看。词汇表true love 真爱soulmate 知己woo 追求dating app 交友软件swipe 滑屏lonely hearts 寂寞心灵，寻求另一半的人go out with 与（某人）交往beau 男友mate 配偶fling 短暂的交往self-doubt 自我怀疑anxiety 焦虑rejection 拒绝（给予爱）deception 欺骗profile 个人简介suitor 追求者catfish 在网络上制造虚假身份go steady 确定恋爱关系tie the knot 结婚happily ever after 从此幸福地生活

Grey hair can be the beginning of the end. A silver signal that youth and beauty are fading and only old age remains. And while grey at 60 may not be surprising, many start to turn prematurely as young as 20. If we want to hide it, modern haircare products allow us to easily cover up our natural grey and preserve our youth a little longer. But these days, many people – and women in particular, are ditching the dye to show their natural colours. Why?白发可以是结束的开始。一个银色的信号，表明青春和美丽正在消退，只剩下老年。虽然 60 岁的白发可能并不令人惊讶，但许多人在 20 岁时就开始过早变白。如果我们想隐藏它，现代护发产品可以让我们轻松掩盖我们的天然白发，并让我们的青春保持更长时间。但如今，许多人——尤其是女性，正在抛弃染料以展现她们的自然色彩。为什么？"Research has shown that our hair follicle production can be influenced by factors such as hormones and stress, but some people have a genetic predisposition to lose pigment or go bald more than others," says a report on the BBC website. In addition, Prof Desmond Tobin, a hair and skin pigmentation specialist at the University of Bradford in the UK, says that it is normal for people with a European background to start greying in their early 20s. Research which he participated in found that different races have different average ageing rates - with African and East-Asian backgrounds tending to whiten later.“研究表明，我们的毛囊生成会受到激素和压力等因素的影响，但有些人有遗传倾向，比其他人更容易失去色素或秃顶，”英国广播公司网站上的一份报告说。此外，英国布拉德福德大学的头发和皮肤色素沉着专家德斯蒙德托宾教授表示，具有欧洲背景的人在 20 岁出头开始变白是正常的。他参与的研究发现，不同种族的平均老龄化率不同——非洲和东亚背景的人后来趋于变白。For many men, going grey may not be a big deal. It's now seen as a sign of sophistication, says UK newspaper Metro. It uses adjectives such as rugged, unique and fashionable. But for many women, these qualities don't seem to apply. Kate Dinota, a New Yorker who started turning grey when she was seven, states that the everyday woman feels a pressure not to age. At 28 and after 14 years, she decided to stop dying her hair and let her grey hair show. And she's not alone.对于许多男人来说，变灰可能没什么大不了的。英国报纸 Metro 说，它现在被视为成熟的标志。它使用了坚固、独特和时尚等形容词。但对于许多女性来说，这些品质似乎并不适用。纽约人凯特·迪诺塔 (Kate Dinota) 七岁时就开始变白，她表示，普通女性感到不老的压力。在 28 岁和 14 年后，她决定停止染发，让她的白发显露出来。而且她并不孤单。Since 2008, worldwide search interest in 'grey hair' has increased dramatically, Google Trends shows. This may have been driven by celebrities such as Ariana Grande and Lady Gaga, who have both had silver locks. "People are torturing their hair to get the look," says renowned hair colourist Rita Hazan, who has worked with celebrities such as Beyoncé and Mariah Carey. Indeed, this trend was what persuaded 30-year-old Stephanie Tunchez from Texas to stop dying her natural hair two-and-a-half years ago. People were paying money to achieve a look she had already.谷歌趋势显示，自 2008 年以来，全球对“白发”的搜索兴趣急剧增加。这可能是由 Ariana Grande 和 Lady Gaga 等名人推动的，他们都拥有银锁。曾与碧昂丝和玛丽亚凯莉等名人合作过的著名染发师丽塔哈赞说：“人们正在折磨他们的头发以获得外观。”事实上，正是这种趋势说服了来自德克萨斯州的 30 岁的 Stephanie Tunchez 在两年半前停止染发她的天然头发。人们付钱来获得她已经拥有的外观。But to many women, the transition is not an easy one. Indeed, Kate experienced doubt from others with her initial decision. "People were like, 'Are you sure? What about your career? You're so young?' Like that seems silly," she reports. She believes there needs to be better representation of grey-haired women of all ages. In this way it is hoped that, like many men, women will feel more confident about letting it show and will feel more comfortable going grey gracefully.但对许多女性来说，转型并非易事。事实上，凯特最初的决定遭到了其他人的质疑。“人们就像，'你确定吗？你的职业生涯怎么样？你这么年轻？'那样看起来很傻，”她报告说。她认为需要更好地代表各个年龄段的白发女性。通过这种方式，希望像许多男人一样，女性会更加自信地让它展现出来，并且会更加舒适地优雅地变灰。词汇表youth 青春fade 逐渐消失old age 老年prematurely 过早地cover up 遮盖、掩盖preserve 留住pigment （头发的）色素ageing 变老的，衰老的whiten 使变白sophistication （处事）成熟老练rugged 坚毅粗犷的unique 独特的fashionable 时尚的dye 染色locks （头发）缕get the look 以获得想要的造型hair colourist 染发师

This summer, the UK, and much of the northern hemisphere, has experienced a heatwave – a sustained period of roasting temperatures and scorching sunshine. While many welcome the Sun and warmth, too much can be dangerous to health. So what are the best ways to keep cool?今年夏天，英国和北半球的大部分地区都经历了热浪——持续的高温和烈日。虽然许多人欢迎阳光和温暖，但太多可能对健康有害。那么保持凉爽的最佳方法是什么？Firstly, avoiding exposure is a good idea, says the UK Met office. This means not going out in direct sunlight, or, where possible, sticking to shadows and shade. This also means that covering up is a good idea. Wear loose, airy clothing, which fully covers the body, as well as a hat and sunglasses. In addition, a parasol could provide valuable protection. Finally, the UK's National Health Service recommends not going out between 11 in the morning and three in the afternoon if you are vulnerable to the Sun.首先，避免暴露是一个好主意，英国气象局表示。这意味着不要在阳光直射下外出，或者在可能的情况下坚持阴影和阴影。这也意味着掩盖是个好主意。穿宽松、透气的衣服，完全覆盖身体，戴上帽子和太阳镜。此外，阳伞可以提供有价值的保护。最后，如果您容易受到阳光的照射，英国国家卫生服务局建议您不要在上午 11 点到下午 3 点之间外出。Staying hydrated is another excellent idea. The human body is approximately 60% water, which on a hot day, can be depleted through sweat. If this water is not replenished, dehydration can occur. The US Geological Survey's water science school recommends drinking three litres a day for an adult male, and 2.3 litres for an adult female, though this varies according to circumstance. You should also avoid alcohol, which dehydrates the body.保持水分是另一个好主意。人体大约有 60% 的水分，在炎热的天气里，可以通过汗水消耗掉。如果不补充这种水，就会发生脱水。美国地质调查局的水科学学校建议成年男性每天喝 3 升，成年女性每天喝 2.3 升，不过具体情况会有所不同。您还应该避免饮酒，这会使身体脱水。Whether at home or at work, steps should be taken to reduce temperatures indoors, too. Blinds, curtains and shades should be closed and windows opened to allow the building to ventilate. This is especially important at night while you sleep. The UK Met office says "night cooling is important as it allows the body to recuperate."无论是在家中还是在工作中，也应采取措施降低室内温度。百叶窗、窗帘和窗帘应关闭并打开窗户以使建筑物通风。这在晚上睡觉时尤其重要。英国气象局表示“夜间降温很重要，因为它可以让身体恢复健康。”Finally, for those working outside, extra precautions should be taken. In addition to staying covered and drinking water, high-factor sunscreen should be worn to stop sunburn and the possible development of skin cancer. In addition, those who perform physical tasks in the Sun should be careful of heatstroke, which, according to the UK Met Office, can be fatal.最后，对于那些在外面工作的人，应该采取额外的预防措施。除了保持遮盖和喝水外，还应涂抹高因子防晒霜以防止晒伤和可能发生的皮肤癌。此外，那些在阳光下进行体力劳动的人应该小心中暑，据英国气象局称，这可能是致命的。For many, summer is a well-loved period of warmth and outdoor activity, but as the old saying goes, everything in moderation. That said, as long as people remember the basics and look after themselves, there is no reason why a prolonged heatwave can't become the summer that everyone remembers.对许多人来说，夏天是温暖和户外活动的好时期，但正如老话所说，一切都要适度。话虽如此，只要人们牢记基础并照顾好自己，长时间的热浪就没有理由不能成为每个人都记得的夏天。词汇表heatwave 热浪roasting 炙热的，灼热的scorching 酷热的cool 凉爽的exposure （身体）接触阳光direct sunlight 直射光shadow 阴影shade 阴凉处cover up 遮盖airy 轻盈透气的parasol 遮阳伞hydrated （身体）水分充足的sweat 汗dehydration （身体）脱水dehydrate 使…脱水blinds 百叶窗shades 卷帘ventilate 给…通风high-factor sunscreen 高倍数防晒霜heatstroke 中暑

Have you ever had a summer job? For many young people, summer is a heady period where education stops and fun begins. That said, holidays, festivals and time spent with friends cost money. And the very group who have the time to capitalise on the fun summer has to offer may not have the funds to do so. The solution? A summer job.你有过暑期工作吗？对于许多年轻人来说，夏天是一个令人兴奋的时期，教育停止，乐趣开始。也就是说，假期、节日和与朋友共度的时间都是花钱的。而那些有时间利用暑假所提供的乐趣的群体可能没有资金这样做。解决方案？一份暑期工作。The concept of cash-strapped students and younger members of society being gainfully employed over the summer period is not a new one. And there are opportunities out there for those who want to earn. For me it was tending bar at a bowling alley. Vacancies can range from roles as mundane as fry cook, to seasonal work at a theme park, or a cushy job with comfortable conditions. In many cases, the jobs only pay minimum wage, which may only tide you over. But the money is not the only thing that's gained.在暑假期间，资金短缺的学生和年轻的社会成员获得有酬就业的概念并不是一个新概念。对于那些想要赚钱的人来说，那里有机会。对我来说，这是在保龄球馆照看酒吧。职位空缺的范围从普通的油炸厨师到主题公园的季节性工作，或者条件舒适的轻松工作。在许多情况下，这些工作只支付最低工资，这可能只会让你渡过难关。但钱并不是唯一获得的东西。"Summer and Saturday jobs prepare young people for successful careers in later life, teaching vital 'soft skills'," says UK Work and Pensions secretary Ester McVey in the Daily Mail. Indeed, when talking about their experiences of summer jobs, people asked for a BBC News article said they got "invaluable training" and learnt skills such as punctuality, tolerance, and the importance of hard graft. These opportunities are thought to be so important that the UK government has placed 20,000 summer job vacancies on a dedicated portal on its Find a Job website. “夏季和周六的工作让年轻人为日后的成功事业做好准备，教授重要的‘软技能’，”英国工作和养老金大臣埃斯特麦克维在《每日邮报》中说。事实上，当谈到他们的暑期工作经历时，人们要求 BBC 新闻报道称他们接受了“无价的培训”，并学到了诸如守时、宽容和努力贪污的重要性等技能。这些机会被认为非常重要，以至于英国政府在其 Find a Job 网站的专门门户网站上放置了 20,000 个暑期职位空缺。This move comes at a time of apparent need. The percentage of young people working while studying has more than halved since 1997, falling from 42% to 18% in 2014. Those are the findings of a UK government report on the death of the Saturday job. Ester McVey believes this is because young people are choosing to focus more on education rather than earning extra money. But that isn't the only problem. It isn't always easy to get a job, as 20-year-old Liberty O'Hagan, a student from Worthing, found. She told the BBC employers see summer workers as a waste of training resources since they inevitably return to university. Not to mention, by working all summer, you may feel you have missed out on the experiences and opportunities your friends have had – travelling and having fun.此举是在明显需要的时候出现的。自 1997 年以来，在学习期间工作的年轻人比例减少了一半以上，从 42% 下降到 2014 年的 18%。这些是英国政府关于周六工作死亡的报告的结果。Ester McVey 认为这是因为年轻人选择更多地关注教育而不是赚取额外的钱。但这不是唯一的问题。20 岁的沃辛学生 Liberty O'Hagan 发现，找工作并不总是那么容易。她告诉 BBC 雇主认为暑期工是在浪费培训资源，因为他们不可避免地要重返大学。更不用说，整个夏天都在工作，你可能会觉得自己错过了朋友们所拥有的经验和机会——旅行和玩乐。While a summer job may not be a dream job, it can teach you things for "a successful future," says Ester McVey in a piece for the Telegraph. What students may consider a means to an end, can, in fact, become a worthwhile career-making endeavour.虽然暑期工作可能不是梦寐以求的工作，但它可以教会你“成功的未来”，Ester McVey 在《每日电讯报》的一篇文章中说。学生可能认为达到目的的手段，实际上可以成为一种有价值的职业发展努力。词汇表capitalise on 从…获利funds 资金cash-strapped 缺钱的gainfully employed 被高薪聘用tend bar 做酒吧招待vacancy 职位空缺mundane 单调的，千篇一律的seasonal work 季节性工作cushy 轻松的、安逸的minimum wage 法定最低工资tide you over 帮助你渡过难关soft skills 软技能，指沟通、社交技能punctuality 守时tolerance 宽容、容忍hard graft 苦工、繁重的工作training 训练worthwhile 有价值的endeavour 努力

Business meetings are, arguably, a necessary part of any organisation where people work collectively to accomplish a goal. But badly managed, meetings can be unproductive, boring and feel like a complete waste of time. In a recent survey conducted by governance technology firm eShare, it was found that the average UK employee spends over 10 hours weekly preparing for and attending meetings – approximately 50% of which they consider unnecessary. However, there are theories that technology could improve things. 可以说，商务会议是人们集体工作以实现目标的任何组织的必要组成部分。但是如果管理不善，会议可能会毫无成效、乏味，而且感觉完全是在浪费时间。治理技术公司 eShare 最近进行的一项调查发现，英国员工平均每周花费超过 10 小时准备和参加会议——他们认为其中大约 50% 是不必要的。然而，有理论认为技术可以改善事物。It's "very feasible" for an AI to be able to recognise when one person is hijacking a meeting, or if a circular discussion keeps returning to a single issue, says James Campanini, from videoconferencing company, BlueJeans. "If no new points are made after a while, the AI could suggest to wrap up," says Cynthia Rudin, a computer science professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. But AI isn’t quite there yet.视频会议公司 BlueJeans 的詹姆斯·坎帕尼尼 (James Campanini) 表示，人工智能能够识别出一个人何时劫持了会议，或者循环讨论是否不断回到一个问题，这是“非常可行的”。麻省理工学院计算机科学教授 Cynthia Rudin 说：“如果一段时间后没有提出新观点，人工智能可能会建议结束。”但人工智能还没有完全成熟。"If AI can do most of the mundane and drudgery work during business meetings, that leaves more space for humans to think about strategy and vision," believes Niki Iliadis at the Big Innovation centre, London, an innovation hub in AI. This seems to be true. The prefecture of Osaka in Japan started using an AI as a minute taker to transcribe and summarise the 450 annual cabinet meetings. It has halved the time needed to produce summaries and cut staff overtime, claims the prefecture.“如果人工智能可以在商务会议期间完成大部分单调乏味的工作，那么就会为人类提供更多思考战略和愿景的空间，”人工智能创新中心伦敦大创新中心的 Niki Iliadis 认为。这似乎是真的。日本大阪府开始使用人工智能作为记录员来转录和总结 450 次年度内阁会议。该县声称，它已将制作摘要所需的时间减少了一半，并削减了员工加班时间。AI can also help with the matter of attendance. If a meeting with irrelevant subject matter is called, or if it's an an inconvenient time, an AI could be used to decide who should attend the meeting and when it should be, says Elise Keith from Lucid Meetings, a US-based meeting management platform.人工智能还可以帮助解决出勤问题。总部位于美国的会议管理平台 Lucid Meetings 的 Elise Keith 说，如果召集了一个主题不相关的会议，或者如果这是一个不方便的时间，人工智能可以用来决定谁应该参加会议以及应该在什么时候参加会议。.Finally, one Stockholm start-up, Mentimeter, allows meeting  attendees to give anonymous feedback about a discussion. Using the software, participants can make open-ended responses, submit comments or vote in multiple-choice quizzes. This has "fundamentally changed the dynamics of a presentation," says Austin Broad from financial services firm AFH Wealth Management.最后，斯德哥尔摩的一家初创公司 Mentimeter 允许与会者就讨论提供匿名反馈。使用该软件，参与者可以做出开放式回答、提交评论或在多项选择测验中投票。金融服务公司 AFH Wealth Management 的 Austin Broad 说，这“从根本上改变了演示文稿的动态”。While tools that can create agendas, send meeting invitations, distribute the minutes, and keep track of action items should improve effectiveness, they are still in development. Let's hope that if or when they do arrive, they will meet our expectations.虽然可以创建议程、发送会议邀请、分发会议记录和跟踪行动项目的工具应该会提高效率，但它们仍在开发中。让我们希望，如果或当他们真的到达时，他们会满足我们的期望。词汇表badly managed 管理糟糕的，无序的unproductive 无效的，收益很小的a complete waste of time 完全浪费时间attend 参加hijack 控制，把持（不属于其本人的东西）circular discussion 巡回无效的讨论videoconference 可视会议wrap up 结束，画上句号strategy 策略vision （企业）愿景minute taker 会议记录员transcribe 记录下summarise 总结，概述attendee 参加者presentation 报告，演讲agenda 会议议程meeting invitation 会议邀请the minutes 会议记录action item 行动方案

The noble tree house – all natural materials, sturdy construction, aloof from the troubles of the world. In a more dangerous time in human history, their position above the ground would protect the dweller against environmental difficulties and possible predators. As modern construction has improved, these arboreal residences have become less of a practical dwelling and more of a children's novelty - a secret den erected in many a back garden. But now, these fun shelters are appealing to adults too and many are booking themselves in for a few nights among the treetops.高贵的树屋——全天然材料，坚固的结构，远离尘世的烦恼。在人类历史上一个更加危险的时期，它们在地面上的位置将保护居民免受环境困难和可能的捕食者的影响。随着现代建筑的改进，这些树栖住宅已不再是实用的住宅，而更像是儿童的新奇事物——在许多后花园中竖立的秘密巢穴。但现在，这些有趣的避难所也吸引了成年人，许多人都在树梢上预订了几个晚上。These tree house hotels can be found From Europe to Australia. Best of all, they come in a variety of interesting designs! From the traditional 'four walls and a roof' habitation, such as at TreeHouse Point, in Washington, North America, to the more artistic Nothofagus Hotel in Chilean Patagonia, whose twelve-sided walls make it look like a beehive. If that doesn't appeal, how about a tree pod?从欧洲到澳大利亚都可以找到这些树屋酒店。最重要的是，它们有各种有趣的设计！从传统的“四墙一屋顶”住宅，如北美华盛顿的 TreeHouse Point，到智利巴塔哥尼亚更具艺术气息的 Nothofagus Hotel，其十二面墙使其看起来像一个蜂巢。如果这不吸引人，那么树荚怎么样？The Free Spirit Spheres resort on Vancouver Island in Canada allows guests to stay in one of three yellow spheres, which are suspended from trees. The company was founded in 1998 by Tom Chudleigh, who hand built the pods from cedar wood and fibre glass, and then added fixtures and fittings. Not only are they as safe as houses, they're popular! Visitor numbers have probably doubled in the past five years, Mr Chudleigh tells the BBC.位于加拿大温哥华岛的 Free Spirit Spheres 度假村允许客人入住三个悬挂在树上的黄色球体之一。该公司由 Tom Chudleigh 于 1998 年创立，他用雪松木和玻璃纤维手工制作豆荚，然后添加了固定装置和配件。它们不仅像房子一样安全，而且很受欢迎！查德利先生告诉 BBC，过去五年来游客人数可能翻了一番。Digs which are original seem to be a big draw. In Sweden, at the Treehotel, numbers have also risen. "In 2010, we had four rooms and around 1,500 guests a year. Today we have seven rooms and nearly 5,000 guests," Kent Lindvall explains. Mr Lindvall co-owns the Treehotel with his wife Britta Lindvall. Each of the domiciles there was designed by an architect, who was asked to make use of the light and surroundings. Their abodes include a mirrored cube, a bird's nest and a UFO.原创的挖掘似乎是一个很大的吸引力。在瑞典，Treehotel 的人数也有所增加。“2010 年，我们有四个房间，每年约有 1,500 名客人。今天我们有七个房间和近 5,000 名客人，”Kent Lindvall 解释道。Lindvall 先生与他的妻子 Britta Lindvall 共同拥有 Treehotel。那里的每个住所都是由一位建筑师设计的，他被要求利用光线和周围环境。他们的住所包括一个镜面立方体、一个鸟巢和一个不明飞行物。And how about an office? Microsoft, hoping to give its employees thinking space, has commissioned a three-building structure from Pete Nelson, tree house book author and designer and builder of tree houses. "Studies show people can work better in nature. They are more productive," says Mr Nelson.办公室怎么样？微软希望为其员工提供思考空间，已委托树屋书籍作者、树屋设计师和建造者皮特纳尔逊建造了一座三栋建筑。“研究表明，人们可以在大自然中更好地工作。他们更有生产力，”尼尔森先生说。If you've no head for heights, then maybe a tree house getaway isn't going to be your home away from home. But the sense of adventure, the novelty of the setting and the opportunity to return to nature has given an increasing number of tree house-staying adults something to write home about.如果您没有攀登高峰，那么也许树屋度假不会成为您的家外之家。但是冒险的感觉、环境的新颖性和回归自然的机会，让越来越多的树屋住宿的成年人有一些值得写回家的东西。词汇表construction 构造dweller 城市、城镇居民residence 住宅dwelling 住所，房屋den 简易房shelter 临时住所habitation 住所pod（通常为圆形的）简易小屋fixture 固定装置fitting 可拆除的装置（如炉灶或柜子）as safe as houses 非常安全的digs 借宿的地方domicile 住宅abode 住所structure 大型建筑物home away from home 家外之家，宾至如归的地方

By now, most of us will have heard of GMOs. In case you haven't, GMO stands for genetically-modified organism. This basically means that an organism has had a foreign genetic sequence introduced into it. In theory, this gives the organism certain advantages – it may become hardier by developing a resistance to disease, or in the case of GM food, may be bigger and require fewer nutrients to develop.到目前为止，我们大多数人都会听说过转基因生物。如果你还没有，GMO 代表转基因生物。这基本上意味着一个有机体已经引入了一个外来基因序列。从理论上讲，这给有机体带来了一定的优势——它可能会因为对疾病产生抵抗力而变得更强壮，或者在转基因食品的情况下，它可能更大，需要更少的营养来发育。GM organisms have been used for a while. Scientists in the UK are trialling a GM wheat which allegedly yields40% more crop in greenhouse conditions. GM hens, which are able to lay eggs from different poultry breeds, have been used by scientists in Edinburgh to conserve rare birds by storing their stem cells in a seed bank. And more recently, scientists in China used information from the genome of a plant to increase the production of a key malaria drug, helping to meet the large global demand.转基因生物已经使用了一段时间。英国科学家正在试验一种转基因小麦，据称这种小麦在温室条件下的产量增加了 40%。能够从不同家禽品种产卵的转基因母鸡已被爱丁堡的科学家用来通过将干细胞储存在种子库中来保护稀有鸟类。最近，中国的科学家利用植物基因组的信息来增加一种关键疟疾药物的产量，帮助满足全球的巨大需求。But now scientists at the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute have created GE pigs which are allegedly immune to one of the world's costliest livestock diseases. GE stands for gene editing. Unlike GM, gene editing merely alters the DNA of the creature. In this case, a small region of pig DNA was deleted, preventing contraction of the PRRS virus, or Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus.但现在爱丁堡大学罗斯林研究所的科学家们已经创造出转基因猪，据称这些猪对世界上最昂贵的牲畜疾病之一具有免疫力。GE代表基因编辑。与转基因不同，基因编辑仅仅改变了生物的 DNA。在这种情况下，猪的一小部分 DNA 被删除，从而防止了 PRRS 病毒或猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒的收缩。The virus causes breathing problems and death, but even after the GE pigs were exposed to it, none have become ill. And the effect is permanent, so the resistance will be passed on through natural breeding. Tests so far showed that the animals are not weakened in any other way by the process, claims Research leader Dr Christine Tait-Burkard. "The main thing that this edit will do is benefit animal welfare because the animals will not get a devastating disease."这种病毒会导致呼吸困难和死亡，但即使在转基因猪暴露于病毒之后，也没有人生病。而且效果是永久性的，所以抵抗力会通过自然繁殖传递。研究负责人克里斯汀·泰特-伯卡德博士声称，迄今为止的测试表明，这些动物并没有因为这个过程而以任何其他方式被削弱。“这次编辑将做的主要事情是有利于动物福利，因为动物不会患上毁灭性疾病。”However, critics have argued that the creature's welfare will actually suffer because of this. Helen Browning of the Soil Association believes this only addresses the symptom of the problem and not the root cause. "It is not encouraging companies to change the way they keep their pigs so they don't become diseased in the first place", she says.然而，批评人士认为，这种生物的福利实际上会因此受到影响。土壤协会的海伦布朗宁认为，这只能解决问题的症状，而不是根本原因。她说：“这并不是在鼓励公司改变养猪的方式，以免它们一开始就生病。”Regardless, this is an experiment and while the technique appears to work, it is several years away from regulation and implementation. “On top of that, only if these studies are successful and the public are accepting, would we integrate these gene edits into commercial breeding stocks," Dr Tait-Burkard told the BBC.  So it seems we may have a while yet.无论如何，这是一个实验，虽然该技术似乎有效，但距离监管和实施还有几年的时间。“最重要的是，只有当这些研究成功并且公众接受时，我们才会将这些基因编辑整合到商业育种中，”Tait-Burkard 博士告诉 BBC。所以看来我们可能还有一段时间。词汇表genetically-modified 转基因的organism 生物体genetic sequence 基因序列hardy 强壮的resistance to disease 抗病nutrient 营养物，养分trial 试验stem cell 干细胞genome 染色体组，基因组drug 药物immune 有免疫力的DNA 脱氧核糖核酸contract a virus 感染一种病毒reproductive 繁殖respiratory 呼吸的syndrome 综合症expose to (a virus) 感染（一种病毒）pass on 传下去，遗传给...symptom 症状

If you asked me to dance, I'd probably freeze on the spot. I lack rhythm and coordination and some people say I have two left feet! But with some persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to take to the dance floor and shake some moves – and that, apparently, is only natural.如果你让我跳舞，我可能会当场僵住。我缺乏节奏和协调，有人说我有两只左脚！但有了一些说服力和荷兰人的勇气，我可能会想去舞池摇晃一些动作——显然，这是很自然的。Experts have found as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us to survive as a species.专家们发现，跳舞不仅有趣，还可能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。Evolutionary anthropologist Bronwyn Tarr from the University of Oxford has been telling the BBC World Service CrowdScience programme that when we dance with others, we are rewarded with feel-good endorphins that change how we feel about ourselves and those around us.牛津大学的进化人类学家 Bronwyn Tarr 告诉 BBC World Service CrowdScience 节目，当我们与他人共舞时，我们会获得感觉良好的内啡肽，这种内啡肽会改变我们对自己和周围人的感觉。Dancing alone is one thing but it's dancing as a group that makes our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones and is likely to lead to profound social effects. It's being in-sync with others that makes us happy. She says that "dancing fosters social closeness between people. It helps us build social connections and communities. In our past, those social connections would have been critical for surviving."独自跳舞是一回事，但作为一个集体跳舞，它会让我们的大脑用一种感觉良好的荷尔蒙鸡尾酒来奖励我们，并且可能会产生深远的社会影响。与他人保持同步使我们感到高兴。她说，“跳舞促进了人与人之间的社会亲密关系。它帮助我们建立社会联系和社区。在我们过去，这些社会联系对于生存至关重要。”You certainly need the right kind of music to help you shimmy, boogie or even twerk, but once you get the right beat and get into the groove with others, it can be an uplifting experience. Even my cringeworthy dad dancing makes me feel good sometimes. And in Swindon in the UK, this 'style' of dancing has been taken to a new level, where babies, attached to their fathers' chests in a sling, have been dancing with the aim of increasing the bond between parent and child.你当然需要合适的音乐来帮助你摇摆、布吉甚至扭动，但是一旦你获得了正确的节拍并与其他人一起进入节奏，这可能是一种令人振奋的体验。即使是我令人畏惧的爸爸跳舞有时也让我感觉很好。在英国的斯温顿，这种“风格”的舞蹈被提升到了一个新的水平，婴儿们用吊带系在父亲的胸前，一直在跳舞，目的是增加父母和孩子之间的联系。Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health. In Wales there have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes to people who are unwell. The Arts Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits. And Bronwyn Tarr says "more and more we're actually discovering that your longevity – your life expectancy – is predicted by the social connections that you have… still today it's something we should do more of."舞蹈也是保持健康和改善心理健康的好方法。在威尔士，有人呼吁医生为身体不适的人开舞蹈课。威尔士艺术委员会声称有许多健康益处。Bronwyn Tarr 说：“我们实际上越来越多地发现，你的寿命——你的预期寿命——是由你所拥有的社会关系所预测的……今天仍然是我们应该做更多的事情。”It could be part of being an uptight Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer. Look at other nationalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart of their cultural identity. And in Brazil at Carnival time, people let their hair down by dancing together day and night. They seem to be having a good time – so maybe I should get on my feet and dance!这可能是作为一个紧张的英国人的一部分，这让我成为一个不情愿的舞者。看看其他民族，例如古巴人，舞蹈是他们文化认同的核心。在狂欢节期间的巴西，人们日夜一起跳舞，让头发垂下。他们似乎玩得很开心——所以也许我应该站起来跳舞！词汇表rhythm 节奏感coordination 协调性two left feet “两只左脚”，跳舞时舞步笨拙Dutch courage 借酒壮胆，酒后之勇shake some moves 扭动几下evolutionary anthropologist 人类进化学家endorphin 内啡呔hormone 荷尔蒙in-sync 与…同步的foster 培养，促进social connection 社会关系shimmy 跳希米舞（抖动肩部和臀部的舞蹈）boogie 跟着流行乐跳舞twerk 抖臀get into the groove 进入理想状态uplifting 令人精神焕发的dad dancing “爸爸式舞姿”（较笨拙、过时的舞步）bond 纽带prescribe（医生）开（药）longevity 长寿cultural identity 文化认同let one’s hair down 放松，尽情享受

It's good to have friends that we can talk to and share our thoughts and opinions with. More importantly, they're people we can ask for help or advice. But recently it seems, many of us are developing a new relationship with a mystery person that we'll never meet!有朋友可以交谈并分享我们的想法和意见是很好的。更重要的是，他们是我们可以寻求帮助或建议的人。但最近似乎，我们中的许多人正在与一个我们永远不会见面的神秘人发展新的关系！I'm talking about virtual assistants or bots. These are pieces of software that we can talk to and it can talk back to us. Examples include Apple’s Siri, Google’s Assistant, Amazon’s Alexa and Microsoft’s Cortana. It might be on your phone or computer or even a smart speaker in your home. They are changing the way we interact with technology - instead of typing on a computer keyboard or tapping on a tablet, we can now speak and a voice will answer.我说的是虚拟助手或机器人。这些是我们可以与之交谈的软件，它可以与我们交谈。例子包括苹果的 Siri、谷歌的助手、亚马逊的 Alexa 和微软的 Cortana。它可能在您的手机或计算机上，甚至可能是您家中的智能扬声器。它们正在改变我们与技术互动的方式——我们现在可以说话，语音会回答，而不是在电脑键盘上打字或敲击平板电脑。The people behind these voices are called conversation designers. Tom Hewitson is one of them. He told the BBC "this is kind of changing [computers] into like an agent. They’re an active participant in the interaction and in guiding you to make the right decision." So he's saying this cutting-edge technology has the ability to think for itself and make its own decisions.这些声音背后的人被称为对话设计师。汤姆·休伊特森就是其中之一。他告诉 BBC，“这有点像把 [计算机] 变成了一个代理。它们是互动的积极参与者，并指导你做出正确的决定。”所以他说这种尖端技术有能力独立思考并做出自己的决定。It is a scary thought that this virtual voice can think for you – will it stop us using our own brains and will we lose the ability to write things down or type? They are certainly clever, helping you to book train tickets, give you the latest weather news or even tell you a joke. But are they really your new best friend?这个虚拟声音可以为你思考，这是一个可怕的想法——它会阻止我们使用自己的大脑，我们会失去写下或打字的能力吗？他们当然很聪明，可以帮助您预订火车票，为您提供最新的天气新闻，甚至给您讲笑话。但他们真的是你最好的新朋友吗？One thing we can't do yet is to make chit-chat or small talk with it. We have to alter the way we speak. As Tom Hewitson says "We will develop our own kind of vernacular for speaking with machines that will be subtly different from how we speak to other people… It can be much more brusque and to the point."我们还不能做的一件事是与它闲聊或闲聊。我们必须改变我们说话的方式。正如 Tom Hewitson 所说：“我们将开发自己的语言来与机器交谈，这将与我们与其他人交谈的方式略有不同……它可以更加直截了当和切中要害。”But there's no doubt this technology will soon be commonplace in our lives. This year Google Duplex was revealed, described by the company as artificial intelligence "for accomplishing real-world tasks over the phone". It's a type of chatbot that will allow you to, for example, chat to your hairdresser about when they can fit you in for a cut. Other companies are working on similar things. But before they perfect this new technology, don't forget who your real friends are!但毫无疑问，这项技术很快就会在我们的生活中变得司空见惯。今年 Google Duplex 被披露，该公司将其描述为“通过电话完成现实世界任务”的人工智能。这是一种聊天机器人，例如，您可以与理发师聊天，了解他们何时适合您进行剪裁。其他公司也在做类似的事情。但在他们完善这项新技术之前，不要忘记你真正的朋友是谁！词汇表virtual assistant 虚拟助手bot（能自动执行搜索任务的）网上机器人程序software 软件smart speaker 智能扬声器interact 交流，互动conversation designer 对话设计师agent (=something that causes change) 作用剂，动因cutting-edge 最新的，尖端的think for itself 独立思考chit-chat 聊天，闲谈small talk 闲聊vernacular 方言，白话brusque 无礼的，唐突的commonplace 司空见惯的事情artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能real-world task 现实生活中的真实任务chatbot 聊天机器人

The first thing sold online was a CD. It sold in 1994 for $12.48. In 1995, Amazon launched its online bookshop, and later that year the online auction site that would become eBay sold its first item. Fast-forward to the modern day and online shopping is huge business. In contrast to the recent UK announcements that many high-profile retail chains and department stores need to close retail outlets to save money, online shopping is thriving. In fact, the UK Office for National Statistics reported that growth in online sales has continued "year-on-year" and stands at just under 20% in April 2018. But why?网上卖的第一件东西是一张CD。它于 1994 年以 12.48 美元的价格售出。1995 年，亚马逊推出了其在线书店，同年晚些时候，后来成为 eBay 的在线拍卖网站出售了它的第一件商品。快进到现代，网上购物是一项巨大的业务。与英国最近宣布许多知名零售连锁店和百货公司需要关闭零售店以节省资金的公告形成鲜明对比的是，网上购物正在蓬勃发展。事实上，英国国家统计局报告称，在线销售额的增长持续“同比”增长，2018 年 4 月略低于 20%。但为什么呢？Maybe it's the convenience. Online shopping allows you to find what you need from the comfort of your own home. Then there's the variety. The discerning shopper is able to select from a wide range of products from all over the world – whereas physical shops suffer from a more limited choice. Better yet, with more sophisticated search parameters available, consumers are now better able to specify exactly what they want, and in some cases, even modify products to create bespoke items.可能是方便吧。网上购物可以让您在舒适的家中找到您需要的东西。然后是品种。挑剔的购物者能够从来自世界各地的各种产品中进行选择——而实体店的选择则更为有限。更好的是，有了更复杂的搜索参数，消费者现在能够更好地准确指定他们想要的东西，在某些情况下，甚至可以修改产品以创建定制项目。Online companies are getting better at targeted advertising too. Our browsing history and prior purchases are run through algorithms, which generate advertisements that more closely link consumers to the products companies believe we would like to buy. And since these products are not physically on display in a shop, the company saves money on overheads like rent and electricity. This allows them offer their products at a more reasonable price.在线公司也在有针对性的广告方面做得更好。我们的浏览历史和之前的购买是通过算法运行的，这些算法生成的广告更紧密地将消费者与公司认为我们想购买的产品联系起来。由于这些产品并未在商店中实际展示，因此该公司可以节省租金和电费等间接费用。这使他们能够以更合理的价格提供产品。Then there's the reassurance. These days, the majority of online retailers offer a safe, convenient returns policy, often at no shipping cost to the buyer – just print out the returns label, affix it to the packaging the item was sent in and receive a full refund. Not only that, but hassle-free complaints procedures and policies mean that if your item is damaged, incorrect or even unwanted, the company can be easily notified and action taken. 然后是安心。如今，大多数在线零售商都提供安全、便捷的退货政策，通常无需向买家支付运费——只需打印退货标签，将其贴在商品寄出的包装上即可获得全额退款。不仅如此，无忧的投诉程序和政策意味着，如果您的物品损坏、不正确甚至不需要，公司可以很容易地得到通知并采取行动。Many people still enjoy the experience of buying in a real shop. The dialogue and customer service received from staff and special events that may be taking place in store can be big pulls. However, the "year-on-year" growth in the online retail sector, as observed by the UK Office for National Statistics, seems to imply that online retail is here to stay and will continue to be a major avenue to shopping for many customers.许多人仍然喜欢在实体店购物的体验。从员工那里获得的对话和客户服务以及店内可能发生的特殊活动可能会产生很大的吸引力。然而，根据英国国家统计局的观察，在线零售行业的“同比”增长似乎意味着在线零售将继续存在并将继续成为许多客户购物的主要途径.词汇表auction 拍卖会chain 连锁（店）department store 百货商店retail outlet 零售商店discerning shopper 眼光敏锐的客户a range of products 一系列产品limited choice 有限的选择consumer 消费者bespoke 定制的targeted advertising 定向广告prior purchase 早前购买的物品on display 展示reasonable price 合理的价格returns policy 退货规定shipping cost 运费full refund 全额退款hassle-free 毫无麻烦的complaints procedure 投诉程序customer service 客户服务

Whether it’s studying for exams, working on a project or struggling with a dissertation, we’ve all been under immense stress at some point. When it gets a bit overwhelming, we can reach a level of exhaustion that is unprecedented – the dreaded burnout. However, that feeling of exhaustion is not just physical; it can be mental as well.无论是准备考试、做项目还是写论文，我们都曾在某些时候承受过巨大的压力。当它变得有点压倒性时，我们会达到前所未有的疲惫程度——可怕的倦怠。然而，这种疲惫感不仅仅是身体上的；它也可以是精神上的。According to ‘Psychology Today’, burnout isn’t just caused by working long hours; it is more about prolonged or repeated exposure to a stressful situation. The result can be feelings of cynicism, depression and lethargy. A feeling of loss of control in a work scenario can create a conflict with the sense of self – which can lead to burnout. Suffering from burnout can stifle our creativity and productivity. Ironically, this means that striving to be more efficient can result in a reduction in our productivity.根据“今日心理学”，倦怠不仅仅是由于长时间工作造成的；它更多的是关于长期或反复暴露于压力情况。结果可能是愤世嫉俗、抑郁和嗜睡的感觉。在工作场景中失去控制的感觉会与自我意识产生冲突——这会导致倦怠。精疲力竭会扼杀我们的创造力和生产力。具有讽刺意味的是，这意味着努力提高效率可能会降低我们的生产力。But what can we do to avoid the evils of burnout? Well, there are some tips that may help you. Psychologist Albert Bandura’s idea of self-efficacy – which is the theory that you should believe in your ability to complete a task at hand - may assist you. A feeling that the task is achievable and that you are capable of succeeding means that a difficult task might be less gruelling.但是我们能做些什么来避免倦怠的危害呢？好吧，有一些提示可能会对您有所帮助。心理学家阿尔伯特班杜拉的自我效能观念——即你应该相信自己有能力完成手头任务的理论——可能会对你有所帮助。任务是可以完成的并且你有能力成功的感觉意味着一项艰巨的任务可能不那么累人。Finding ways to express your creative side may help. Not everyone has creative aspects to their jobs, and, therefore, they need to find other outlets. They could paint, write or take part in local theatre. All of this may help to detach them from the overwhelming stress that may exist in their working life.寻找表达创意的方式可能会有所帮助。并非每个人的工作都具有创造性，因此，他们需要寻找其他出路。他们可以绘画、写作或参加当地的剧院。所有这些都可能有助于他们摆脱工作生活中可能存在的巨大压力。Looking after yourself and your surroundings can also be beneficial. The consequence is that you are surrounded by a cleaner and more positive environment. This, in turn, leads to another tip, which is to have healthy and positive thoughts. Being negative can be incredibly draining. Having a positive mental attitude towards everything you do means that you may feel more capable as well.照顾好自己和周围的环境也是有益的。结果是你被一个更清洁、更积极的环境所包围。这反过来又引出了另一个技巧，那就是要有健康和积极的想法。消极会令人难以置信地消耗精力。对你所做的每一件事都保持积极的心态意味着你也会觉得自己更有能力。Burnout is a common condition associated with the pressures of the modern world. It’s not just a physical condition; it has psychological effects that can impact heavily on your work and life in general. Taking steps to avoid burning out can benefit not just us, but our bosses and families.倦怠是与现代世界的压力相关的常见状况。这不仅仅是身体状况；它具有心理影响，总体上会严重影响您的工作和生活。采取措施避免精疲力竭不仅可以使我们受益，还可以使我们的老板和家人受益。词汇表stress 压力overwhelming 难以承受的unprecedented 空前的dreaded 令人畏惧的，可怕的，prolonged 长期的，持续很久的cynicism 愤世嫉俗，冷嘲热讽depression 抑郁，惆怅lethargy 无精打采sense of self 自我感知stifle 扼杀strive 奋斗，努力self-efficacy 自我效能achievable （工作或任务）可完成的capable 有能力的gruelling 折磨人的，使人精疲力尽的outlet 施展的机会beneficial 有益的draining 使人心力交瘁的positive mental attitude 积极心态

We all know what a dog means when it wags its tail – it means they’re happy, right? Well, maybe not according to leading animal psychologists who analyse what a dog may be or may not be feeling.  There may be more of a tale in the movements of a dog’s tail than most of us think.我们都知道狗摇尾巴意味着什么——这意味着它们很高兴，对吧？好吧，也许不是根据分析狗可能是或可能不是感觉的主要动物心理学家的说法。狗尾巴的运动可能比我们大多数人想象的更多。Most of us agree that it would probably make life whole lot easier and fun if dogs could actually converse rather than bark with us, but sadly they have not yet evolved to develop that skill. There are some obvious signs of what your pooch is thinking. For example, growling could show aggression, scratching at the door could mean a call of nature, and rolling on their backs could show submission.我们大多数人都同意，如果狗真的可以和我们交谈而不是吠叫，它可能会让生活变得更加轻松和有趣，但遗憾的是它们还没有进化到发展这种技能。有一些明显的迹象表明你的狗在想什么。例如，咆哮可能表示攻击性，抓门可能意味着自然的呼唤，而在他们的背上滚动可能表示屈服。However, in the opinions of experts like Stanley Coren, professor of psychology at the University of British Colombia, your canine companion may be trying to tell you much more with the movements and position of their tails. For example, a broad wag is a friendly sign and can mean that the dog is pleased.然而，在不列颠哥伦比亚大学心理学教授 Stanley Coren 等专家的意见中，您的犬类伴侣可能试图通过尾巴的运动和位置告诉您更多信息。例如，大摇摆是一个友好的标志，可能意味着狗很高兴。If you see the tail drooping,it may be a sign that the animal is in a state of stress and anxiety. That’s according to Josie F. Turner, a journalist specialised in animal welfare. This is especially obvious if there are whines coming from them, or they are trying to hide. It may be time to get them on the leash and take them for that precious ‘w-word’ – walkies. Most dog owners know never to say that word in the vicinity of their four-legged friend, or they will get overly excited forcing you to take them out.如果你看到尾巴下垂，这可能表明动物处于压力和焦虑状态。这是专门研究动物福利的记者乔西·特纳 (Josie F. Turner) 所说的。如果他们发出抱怨，或者他们试图隐藏，这一点尤其明显。或许是时候让他们系好安全带，把他们带到那个珍贵的“w-word”——随身听了。大多数狗主人都知道永远不要在他们的四足朋友附近说这个词，否则他们会过度兴奋，迫使你把它们带出去。A horizontal tail with slight movements may be a sign that your canine is nervous or uncomfortable. And the more ample the movements, the more nervous your pooch may be. Finally, an erect tail accompanied by a swagger in the hips and lots of movement is a sign that your dog is as happy as can be – and very alert. However, if the tail is straight up in the air with no movement, it could be a sign that your dog is alert and trying to exert dominance.带有轻微运动的水平尾巴可能表明您的犬科动物紧张或不舒服。而且动作越充分，你的狗可能越紧张。最后，一条直立的尾巴伴随着臀部的招摇和大量的运动，这表明你的狗已经尽可能快乐了——而且非常警觉。但是，如果尾巴笔直地悬在空中，没有任何动作，这可能表明您的狗很警觉并试图发挥支配地位。So, the next time you’re greeted by a dog, make sure to have a look and see what their tail is doing. In their own way, they’re trying to tell you if they’re sad, nervous or happy. Many of us would like to know exactly what they’re thinking. Maybe we should just be grateful their tails are wagging and they’re not plotting our demise.所以，下次你被狗打招呼时，一定要看看它们的尾巴在做什么。他们以自己的方式试图告诉你他们是悲伤、紧张还是快乐。我们中的许多人都想确切地知道他们在想什么。也许我们应该感谢他们的尾巴在摇摆，他们没有在策划我们的死亡。词汇表wag 摆动converse 对话，和……交谈bark 狗叫evolve 进化pooch 狗growl （狗）发出低沉的吼叫scratch （动物）用爪子抓call of nature 上厕所submission 屈服，顺从canine companion 狗狗伙伴droop 下垂whine 发出哀叫walkies （唤狗用语）该去散步了four-legged friend 四条腿的朋友，狗horizontal 水平的ample 大量的erect 竖直的swagger 大摇大摆