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Have you ever wondered if you see the same colours as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it.  It’s the colour of sea, sky and sapphires. They see the colour and call it ‘blue’ because they were taught the word and associated it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red, and vice versa?你有没有想过你是否看到和其他人一样的颜色？大多数人一看到蓝色就知道它是什么。它是大海、天空和蓝宝石的颜色。他们看到颜色并将其称为“蓝色”，因为他们被教导了这个词并将其与他们所看到的相关联。但是你怎么知道你看到的蓝色不是别人的红色，反之亦然？The ability to perceive different colours is down to receptors in our eyes known as cones. Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then decodes these signals to determine which colour light the eyes are receiving.感知不同颜色的能力取决于我们眼睛中被称为视锥细胞的受体。光波撞击这些受体，它们会根据光的颜色做出反应，向大脑发送信号。然后大脑对这些信号进行解码，以确定眼睛正在接收哪种颜色的光。Some people’s receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have colour blindness. The inability of the receptor to interpret the light waves correctly means that some people cannot distinguish between different shades of a colour.有些人的受体比其他人更发达。受体较弱的人通常患有色盲。受体无法正确解释光波意味着有些人无法区分颜色的不同深浅。Those with more enhanced receptors can see more shades of one colour, which is the first way in which people may see colours differently from each other. We sometimes hear people having an argument about whether something is dark blue or black. It might be because one person has stronger receptors to interpret the light than another.那些具有更多增强受体的人可以看到一种颜色的更多阴影，这是人们可能看到彼此不同的颜色的第一种方式。我们有时会听到人们争论某物是深蓝色还是黑色。这可能是因为一个人比另一个人有更强的感受器来解释光线。In the past, most scientists would argue that everyone saw colours in the same way. However, research was conducted on monkeys, in which they were injected with a virus affecting their receptors. This enabled them to distinguish more colours than usual and brought an intriguing revelation. Normally monkeys can only see in blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red.过去，大多数科学家会争辩说，每个人看到颜色的方式都是一样的。然而，研究是在猴子身上进行的，它们被注射了一种影响其受体的病毒。这使他们能够分辨出比平时更多的颜色，并带来了一个有趣的启示。通常猴子只能看到蓝色和绿色，但病毒让猴子看到红色。The neurons in their brains spontaneously adapted to be able to understand new colours, which might mean the neurons in our brains are not hardwired to automatically understand which colour is which. This implies that our brains and neurons may adapt depending on our stimulus during the developmental phase. Colour could be a very personal experience, unique to everyone.他们大脑中的神经元自发地适应能够理解新的颜色，这可能意味着我们大脑中的神经元并没有硬连线来自动理解哪种颜色是哪种颜色。这意味着我们的大脑和神经元可能会根据我们在发育阶段的刺激进行适应。颜色可能是一种非常个人化的体验，对每个人来说都是独一无二的。So, the next time you talk about your favourite colour, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same colour. What if everyone in the world has the same favourite colour, but just calls it different names?所以，下次当你谈论你最喜欢的颜色时，只要记住如果你的颜色是蓝色而你的朋友说是红色，那么你可能实际上在考虑相同的颜色。如果世界上每个人都喜欢相同的颜色，只是叫它不同的名字怎么办？词汇表associate 与……联系起来perceive 看待，认知to be down to 是……责任，取决于receptor 感受器cone 晶状体，锥形体light wave 光波decode 解码determine 决定colour blindness 先天性色觉障碍，色盲inability 无能力enhanced 增强的，提高的interpret 理解，阐释intriguing 引人入胜的revelation 被揭露的真相neuron 神经细胞spontaneously 自发地hard-wired 本能的imply 暗示，意味stimulus 刺激developmental 成长的，发展的

Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse - a dystopian future where life as we know it is over and people are only focussed on survival? If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a quintessential part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad?你有没有看过天启期间的许多电视节目之一——一个反乌托邦的未来，我们所知道的生活已经结束，人们只关注生存？如果不是僵尸，那就是病毒或自然灾害。似乎是这些系列的典型部分的一件事是幸存者寻找食物和资源。这就是人们在事情变糟时囤积食物的原因吗？What is stockpiling? Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water. According to psychologist Judy Rosenberg, stockpiling perishable goods like eggs and milk is a positive sign that people believe a crisis will be over soon. When people stockpile tinned goods, it can be a sign that people fear that the crisis will endure.什么是囤货？很简单，就是人们积累了大量的商品，例如食物或水。心理学家朱迪·罗森伯格 (Judy Rosenberg) 表示，囤积鸡蛋和牛奶等易腐烂商品是人们相信危机很快就会结束的积极信号。当人们囤积罐头食品时，这可能表明人们担心危机会持续下去。But why do we do it? Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ – the idea the people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ – panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same.但我们为什么要这样做？消费者心理学家保罗马斯登将其归结为与零售疗法相关的三个因素。首先，“自治”——人们觉得需要控制的想法。其次，“相关性”——恐慌性购物有助于人们感受到与社区或其他正在做同样事情的购物者的联系。Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion’ can take hold. People’s decision making is hampered when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too.最后，“能力”——人们想要感觉自己是“聪明的购物者”并且做正确的事。剑桥大学社会心理学助理教授 Sander Van der Lindon 表示，一种被称为“恐惧传染”的现象可能会占据上风。人们的决策在受到压力时会受到阻碍，因此他们会跟随其他人的行为。如果他们恐慌性购买，你也会。So, can you stop people from stockpiling? Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.那么，你能阻止人们囤货吗？嗯，超市可以对消费者购买的产品数量进行配给，政府可以尝试向人们保证没有必要恐慌。然而，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买似乎违背了我们的基本心理。So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.因此，下一次病毒、自然灾害或僵尸大灾难开始时，请记住恐慌性购买可能是必然的，这要归功于我们需要通过零售疗法来管理我们的情绪状态。词汇表apocalypse 大灾难dystopian 反乌托邦的survival 生存，存活quintessential 最典型的survivor 能在困境中生存的人accumulate 积攒substantial 大量的perishable 易变质的，易腐坏的crisis 危机tinned goods 罐头食品endure 持续retail therapy 购物疗法autonomy 自主relatedness 关联性competence 能力phenomenon 现象fear contagion 恐惧蔓延hampered 受阻碍的，受限制的ration 定量，配给量a given （定将发生的）假定事实

You can’t cross the same river twice, the popular saying goes. This wisdom reminds us that everything changes - expecting to relive your bygone days of success in the same way is unrealistic. But, apparently, this doesn’t apply to music. Over the last decade or so, for one reason or another, a number of high-profile bands have decided to stop resting on their laurels and have reunited. But why?俗话说，你不能两次跨过同一条河。这种智慧提醒我们，一切都会改变——期望以同样的方式重温过去的成功日子是不现实的。但是，显然，这不适用于音乐。在过去十年左右的时间里，出于某种原因，许多知名乐队决定不再固步自封，重新团聚。但为什么？Earlier this year, rock band Genesis confirmed that they will reconvene for one more tour. In November 2019, the Pussycat Dolls announced a slew of tour dates for April 2020. In 2018, it was the Spice Girls’ comeback. The list goes on. Many bands have found new success in their resurrected form. American alternative rock band The Pixies originally broke up in 1993 after playing for seven years. After an eleven-year hiatus, the band reunited in 2004 and have not stopped.今年早些时候，摇滚乐队 Genesis 确认他们将重新召集一次巡回演出。2019 年 11 月，Pussycat Dolls 宣布了 2020 年 4 月的一系列巡演日期。2018 年，是辣妹组合的回归。名单还在继续。许多乐队以其复活的形式获得了新的成功。美国另类摇滚乐队 The Pixies 在演奏了七年后于 1993 年解散。在中断了 11 年后，乐队于 2004 年重聚，并没有停止。In some cases, it’s financial reasons that made them go back on the road. “Touring these days is far more lucrative than it used to be,” according to Kara Weisenstein of online publisher Mic. This is because ticket prices have risen to compensate for the piracy that weakened music sales in the 90s, according to online publisher Bloomberg.在某些情况下，是经济原因让他们重新上路。在线出版商 Mic 的卡拉·维森斯坦 (Kara Weisenstein) 表示：“这些天巡演比以前更有利可图。”据在线出版商彭博社报道，这是因为门票价格上涨以弥补 90 年代削弱音乐销售的盗版。‘People are really into nostalgia right now,’ Lance Bass, member of former band NSYNC told Variety magazine. When The Pixies reformed, their 2004 comeback tour sold out within minutes. Is it possible that those teenage fans of yore have grown into nostalgic adults wistful for their youth? Bass thinks so. ‘I think fans just want to feel that innocence and excitement again,’ he says.“人们现在真的很怀旧，”前乐队 NSYNC 的成员 Lance Bass 告诉 Variety 杂志。当小精灵重组时，他们 2004 年的复出之旅在几分钟内就售罄。有没有可能那些昔日的十几岁的粉丝已经成长为怀念青春的怀旧成年人？巴斯是这么认为的。“我认为球迷只是想再次感受到那种纯真和兴奋，”他说。But not everybody thinks that these reunions are a good thing. “There’s something noble in not trying to go after past glories,” says NME writer Leonie Cooper. ‘As much as I love ABBA… the fact they refused to risk putting on a show that might not match the excellence of their heyday is pretty impressive.’但并不是每个人都认为这些重聚是件好事。NME 作家 Leonie Cooper 说：“不去追寻过去的荣耀是一种高尚的东西。” “尽管我很喜欢 ABBA……但他们拒绝冒险上演一场可能无法与他们全盛时期的卓越表现相提并论的节目，这一事实令人印象深刻。”Should bands reunite? Opinion is divided. If things don’t go well, they run the risk of being labelled has-beens and tarnishing their reputation. But if their sound is as good as it ever was and the fans are happy, then who’s going to complain? After all, you can never have too much of a good thing.乐队应该重聚吗？意见分歧。如果事情进展不顺利，他们就有可能被贴上过时的标签并损害他们的声誉。但如果他们的声音一如既往的好，而且粉丝们很开心，那么谁会抱怨呢？毕竟，你永远不会拥有太多的好东西。词汇表“you can’t cross the same river twice” “人不能两次过同一条河”，万物都在变化relive 重温，回味bygone days 曾经的日子rest on your laurels 安于现状，吃老本reunite 使重聚reconvene 重新集合comeback 复出resurrected 复活的，重振的hiatus 间断sentimentality 感伤，感情用事nostalgia 对往事的怀念，怀旧former 从前的of yore 很久以前nostalgic 怀旧的wistful 留恋的reunion 重聚past glory 往日的辉煌heyday 全盛期has-been 曾经红极一时的人

Do you sometimes find yourself drawing random patterns and designs during meetings and lectures? Some people believe it shows you aren’t listening or paying attention. However, there are studies which claim the opposite, and that doodling might actually be beneficial.您有时会发现自己在会议和讲座中随意绘制图案和设计吗？有些人认为这表明你没有倾听或注意。然而，也有研究声称相反，涂鸦实际上可能是有益的。Doodling seems to be ubiquitous. In the past it was seen as a mindless activity and a product of the absentminded.  However, in 2016, an article on the Harvard University website discussed the idea that random drawings may assist memory retention and concentration.涂鸦似乎无处不在。在过去，它被视为一种无意识的活动和心不在焉的产物。然而，在 2016 年，哈佛大学网站上的一篇文章讨论了随机绘图可能有助于记忆保持和集中的想法。The article highlights that 26 of 44 American presidents were known to doodle, with Ronald Reagan famous for drawing cowboys. A 2009 study conducted by psychologist Jackie Andrade asked 40 people to listen to a ‘dull and rambling’ voice message. Half of the group were asked to doodle and shade in a picture. Those who did were able to recall 29% more of the information contained in the message.文章强调，44 位美国总统中有 26 位以涂鸦而闻名，其中罗纳德·里根 (Ronald Reagan) 以画牛仔而闻名。心理学家杰基安德拉德在 2009 年进行的一项研究要求 40 人收听“沉闷而漫无边际”的语音信息。一半的小组被要求在图片中涂鸦和阴影。那些这样做的人能够多回忆 29% 的信息中包含的信息。Some experts believe that embracing your creative and artistic sides during meetings may engage your mind. Jesse Prinz, a renowned professor of philosophy, actively encourages his students to doodle. He believes that doodling is the ‘attentional sweet spot’.一些专家认为，在会议期间拥抱您的创意和艺术方面可能会吸引您的注意力。著名哲学教授杰西·普林茨（Jesse Prinz）积极鼓励他的学生涂鸦。他认为涂鸦是“注意力的最佳点”。And it might not just be good for your concentration. An artist known as Mr Doodle has made a career out of his scribbles. He sells his art online and also goes to people’s homes to decorate their walls.它可能不仅对你的注意力有好处。一位名叫涂鸦先生的艺术家以他的涂鸦为职业。他在网上出售他的艺术品，还去人们家装饰他们的墙壁。It seems that random drawing to aid concentration might be becoming more of a thing. People like Sunni Brown, an advocate for doodling, teach adults how to sketch and scribble in the workplace. So, the next time you see someone haphazardly drawing pictures during a meeting, it might be a sign that they are listening more than you think.似乎有助于集中注意力的随机绘画可能变得越来越重要。像提倡涂鸦的逊尼派布朗这样的人会教成年人如何在工作场所素描和涂鸦。所以，下次你看到有人在会议期间随意画画时，这可能表明他们比你想象的更听话。词汇表beneficial 有益的ubiquitous 普遍存在的mindless 盲目的absentminded 心不在焉的retention 保持，保留concentration 注意力highlight 强调conduct 进行rambling 杂乱无章的recall 回想起embrace 欣然接受engage 使……感兴趣renowned 有声望的sweet spot “甜点”，最佳状态scribble 乱涂乱画decorate 装饰a thing 一个潮流，一种时尚advocate 支持者sketch 素描，速写haphazardly 随意地

2020 is a leap year, and as we all know leap years happen every four years, right? Wrong. That extra day in February is designed to keep the Earth in sync with the astrological or seasonal year. But, what you might not realise is that the maths isn’t that simple and occasionally we have to wait eight years.2020年是闰年，众所周知，闰年每四年发生一次，对吧？错误的。2 月额外的一天旨在使地球与占星术或季节年保持同步。但是，您可能没有意识到数学并不是那么简单，有时我们不得不等待八年。The method behind calculating when leap years occur might be a bit more complicated than you think. Way back in 1582 the calendar we now use was first implemented. The Gregorian calendar was named after the pope at the time, Gregory X1V. The people who created it realised it wasn’t perfect to just add an extra day every four years.计算闰年发生时间的方法可能比您想象的要复杂一些。早在 1582 年，我们现在使用的日历就首次实现了。公历以当时的教皇格列高利 X1V 命名。创建它的人意识到每四年增加一天并不完美。Here’s where the maths comes in. A day, of course, is measured by the amount of time it takes for the Earth to complete one full rotation on its axis. A year is the number of days it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun, which most people assume is 365. However, the Earth actually takes just under 365 and a quarter days to complete one full revolution around the Sun.这就是数学的用武之地。当然，一天是根据地球绕其轴完成一整圈所需的时间来衡量的。一年是地球绕太阳公转一周所需的天数，大多数人认为是 365 天。然而，地球实际上需要不到 365 天又四分之一天的时间完成绕太阳一周的运行。So, every four years we get an extra day, which falls on the 29th February. However, as mentioned earlier, it is in fact just under a quarter of a day. So, by rounding it up, we put the calendar out of sync again – which means that after a while we have too many days.因此，每四年我们就会多得到一天，即 2 月 29 日。但是，如前所述，实际上不到四分之一天。因此，通过四舍五入，我们再次使日历不同步——这意味着一段时间后我们的日子太多了。That imbalance has to be readdressed, otherwise after 400 years you’d end up with three extra days. So back in 1582, they realised that every turn of a century should skip their extra day to subtract those three extra days. This is why the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 weren’t leap years.这种不平衡必须重新解决，否则在 400 年后你会多出三天。所以早在 1582 年，他们就意识到每个世纪都应该跳过额外的一天来减去这三天的额外时间。这就是为什么 1700、1800 和 1900 年不是闰年的原因。But wait, there’s more. The year 2000, the millennium, was a leap year. That’s because over a period of four hundred years we only need to remove three days. So, every 400 years the turn of the century is a leap year. This means the next time you hear someone saying ‘leap years happen every four years’ you can tell them why they’re wrong.但是等等，还有更多。2000年，千禧年，是闰年。那是因为在四百年的时间里，我们只需要除去三天。所以，每400年世纪之交就是一个闰年。这意味着下次你听到有人说“闰年每四年发生一次”时，你可以告诉他们为什么他们错了。词汇表in sync 同步的astrological 占星学的seasonal year 一年四季calculate 计算calendar 日历measure 测量rotation 旋转一圈axis 轴线，中心线orbit 轨道revolution 旋转round up 把数字调高成为整数out of sync 不同步imbalance 不均衡turn of a century 世纪之交millennium 千禧年

For me, it was bacon. There I was, standing in the streets of Medellin, Colombia, looking hungrily at a delicious empanada. The sign read 'queso y tocino'. Because I'd got my tongue round some essential Spanish vocabulary, I knew that 'queso' was cheese. But 'tocino'? I typed it into my smartphone translation app. What came back? 'Tocino'. I later learned that means 'bacon' in the local lingo.对我来说，这是培根。我站在哥伦比亚麦德林的街道上，饥肠辘辘地看着美味的肉馅卷饼。牌子上写着“queso y tocino”。因为我已经掌握了一些基本的西班牙语词汇，所以我知道“queso”是奶酪。但是“托西诺”？我把它输入到我的智能手机翻译应用程序中。什么回来了？'托西诺'。后来我才知道这在当地语言中是“培根”的意思。Computer-assisted translation is popular. Google Translate, for example, is used by more than 500 million people. But while convenient and easy to use, they are hardly perfect. Now, dropping the odd expression now and again is hardly important on an informal conversational level – as might happen to a tourist on holiday. But in more formal circumstances, such as a medical or legal discussion, the wrong vernacular can be disastrous. So, can a computer translator ever equal a human?计算机辅助翻译很受欢迎。例如，超过 5 亿人使用谷歌翻译。但是，虽然方便且易于使用，但它们并不完美。现在，在非正式的对话层面上，时不时地放弃奇怪的表达方式并不重要——就像度假的游客可能发生的那样。但在更正式的情况下，例如医学或法律讨论，错误的方言可能是灾难性的。那么，计算机翻译可以与人类相媲美吗？The technology has come a long way. These days, people can wear a 'translation earpiece'. These pick up the foreign terminology and translate it directly to the wearer. Andrew Ochoa, chief executive of US start-up Waverly Labs, a producer of one such earpiece, says they work by 'combining a network of algorithms and speech-recognition technology'. But they have limitations. Firstly, there's a delay while the phrase is translated. How long often depends on the connection strength. Secondly, they aren't able to communicate human sentiment well.这项技术已经走过了漫长的道路。如今，人们可以佩戴“翻译耳机”。这些拾取外国术语并将其直接翻译给佩戴者。美国初创公司 Waverly Labs 的首席执行官安德鲁·奥乔亚 (Andrew Ochoa) 是此类耳机的生产商，他说他们的工作方式是“将算法网络和语音识别技术相结合”。但它们有局限性。首先，翻译短语时有延迟。多久取决于连接强度。其次，他们不能很好地传达人类的情感。Human conversation is subtler than just the words used. It has tone, attitude, nuance, for example. "If you want to create a relationship… you need a human translator to make it sound natural," Zoey Cooper, brand and content director at Wordbank, a global marketing and translation agency, told the BBC.人类的对话比所使用的词语更微妙。例如，它具有语气、态度、细微差别。全球营销和翻译机构 Wordbank 的品牌和内容总监 Zoey Cooper 告诉 BBC：“如果你想建立一种关系……你需要一个人工翻译来让它听起来自然。”So, while many professional translators do use computer-assisted translation tools to help them with the repetitive nature of translation, context is important. It might work well for a survey or instruction manual, but for important human-to-human speech, and for the time being at least, better to use a translator, or your message might get garbled or lost in translation.因此，虽然许多专业翻译人员确实使用计算机辅助翻译工具来帮助他们处理重复性翻译，但上下文很重要。它可能适用于调查或说明手册，但适用于重要的人与人之间的对话，并且至少目前最好使用翻译器，否则您的信息可能会在翻译中出现乱码或丢失。词汇表get your tongue round 正确发出……音vocabulary 词汇translation 翻译lingo 语言expression 表达conversational 交谈的，口语的discussion 讨论vernacular 本地话，方言terminology 术语speech-recognition 语音识别sentiment 情绪subtle 微妙的tone 口气nuance 细微差别sound natural 听起来很通顺、自然context 语境garble 让（话语或信息）变得含糊不清，易引起误会lost in translation 在翻译中遗失了

If you’re in a job performing tedious tasks, you might think that a robot could do the work instead. But perhaps we underestimate how much technology already helps with the activities that we would otherwise have to do.  And as artificial intelligence progresses we might find it replaces us in the workplace altogether.如果您的工作是执行繁琐的任务，您可能会认为机器人可以代替您完成这项工作。但也许我们低估了技术已经在多大程度上帮助了我们原本必须做的活动。随着人工智能的进步，我们可能会发现它在工作场所完全取代了我们。For now, robotic technology is providing a helping hand for businesses, particularly in manufacturing, assisting humans in performing work more efficiently and sometimes more accurately. For online shopping, for example, robots have become essential in giant warehouses. They sort and move millions of objects of all different shapes and sizes, although humans are still needed to pick and distribute the goods.目前，机器人技术正在为企业提供帮助，特别是在制造业，帮助人类更有效地执行工作，有时甚至更准确。例如，对于在线购物来说，机器人在大型仓库中已经变得必不可少。他们对数以百万计的各种形状和大小的物体进行分类和移动，尽管仍然需要人类来挑选和分配货物。The advancement of robotics in the workplace is good for some businesses; the ones who research, develop, build and use them. The British government estimates that by 2035, artificial intelligence could add around £630bn to the UK economy. But there are still tasks that robots can’t yet do, and that’s the challenge for companies such as Automata. Its co-founder, Suryansh Chandra, told the BBC that his technology will eliminate boring, repetitive jobs that humans don't like and aren't very good at, and also create new ones that are likely to replace them.工作场所机器人技术的进步对一些企业有利；研究、开发、建造和使用它们的人。英国政府估计，到 2035 年，人工智能可以为英国经济增加约 6300 亿英镑。但仍有机器人无法完成的任务，这就是 Automata 等公司面临的挑战。它的联合创始人 Suryansh Chandra 告诉 BBC，他的技术将消除人类不喜欢和不太擅长的无聊、重复性工作，并创造可能取代它们的新工作。It seems inevitable that robots will eventually be able to do more and more of the jobs that are currently performed by humans, so should we be worried by the rise of the machines? Some experts fear hundreds of thousands of jobs could disappear as robots replace human workers. A report by the OECD suggests that 14% of jobs are "at high risk of automation" and 32% of jobs could be "radically transformed", with the manufacturing sector at the highest risk.机器人最终能够完成越来越多目前由人类完成的工作似乎是不可避免的，那么我们是否应该为机器的兴起而担心呢？一些专家担心，随着机器人取代人类工人，数十万个工作岗位可能会消失。经合组织的一份报告表明，14% 的工作“面临自动化的高风险”，32% 的工作可能“彻底转变”，制造业面临的风险最高。But as complete automation is some way off, for now we’ll have to work side-by-side with our robot colleagues - and manage to get along with them before they learn to kick us out of the door!但由于完全自动化还有一段路要走，所以现在我们必须与我们的机器人同事并肩工作 - 并设法在他们学会把我们踢出家门之前与他们相处！词汇表robot 机器人artificial intelligence 人工智能robotic 像机器人的a helping hand 帮助，助（人）一臂之力efficiently 有效地accurately 准确地essential 必不可少的sort 挑拣，分类distribute 分送advancement 发展robotics 机器人技术research 研究develop 开发eliminate 消除repetitive 重复的inevitable 不可避免的automation 自动化transformed 被彻底改变

One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. Rubbish of all kinds is piling up in landfill and polluting our rivers and oceans. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste – electronic items that are broken and not recycled. Now solutions are being found to give this stuff a new life.破坏我们星球的问题之一是我们扔掉的东西的数量。各种垃圾堆积在垃圾填埋场，污染着我们的河流和海洋。我们扔掉的东西清单中最近增加的一项是电子垃圾——损坏且未回收的电子产品。现在正在寻找解决方案来赋予这些东西新的生命。Many millions of tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded each year, partly because it’s cheaper to replace them than fix them, but also because we lack the skills to repair them. A UN report claims the 50 million tonnes of e-waste generated every year will more than double to 110 million tonnes by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world.每年有数百万吨的电视、电话和其他电子设备被丢弃，部分原因是更换它们比修理它们便宜，但也因为我们缺乏修理它们的技能。联合国的一份报告称，到 2050 年，每年产生的 5000 万吨电子垃圾将增加一倍以上，达到 1.1 亿吨，成为世界上增长最快的废物流。However, there’s a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is one of many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault."然而，维修活动和俱乐部的发展趋势正在增长，这可能是解决越来越多的电气和电子垃圾的解决方案的一部分。英国广播公司参观了伦敦的一个重启项目，这是世界各地发现的众多项目之一。它的一名志愿者 Francesco Calo 说：“这个项目可以让你减少浪费，延长物品的使用寿命，它可以帮助那些负担不起的人摆脱出现故障的物品。”As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic gadgets. It’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to our appetite for new technology.由于许多电子产品都含有贵金属，另一个想法是电子垃圾开采。新南威尔士大学的一项实验涉及从电子产品中提取这些材料。人们认为这样做可能比传统采矿更有利可图。手机通常包含多达 60 个元素，这可能是满足我们对新技术需求的一部分。These projects make total sense - collections of e-waste for recycling are “stagnating or even decreasing” according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no legislation, much of it just gets dumped.  However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.这些项目完全有意义——根据联合国大学的 Ruediger Kuehr 的说法，用于回收的电子垃圾的收集“停滞不前甚至减少”。而在没有立法的国家，大部分只是被倾倒。然而，例如，欧盟正试图通过坚持制造商必须使电器更耐用并且必须为机器提供长达 10 年的备件来解决这个问题。词汇表throw away 丢弃，扔掉rubbish 垃圾landfill 垃圾填埋场pollute 污染e-waste 电子垃圾（废弃的电器和电子产品）recycled 回收再利用的discarded 被扔掉repair 修理waste stream 废物流junk 破烂，废弃的东西extend the life 延长（使用）寿命get rid 丢弃fault 故障extract 提取recycling 回收利用stagnating 停滞不前的legislation 立法dumped 被乱扔掉longer-lasting 更耐用的spare parts 备用配件

Have you ever eaten kosher food? That's food which conforms to the Jewish dietary regulations of kashrut. These regulations forbid consuming pork or shellfish of any kind, for example. Meat from other animals, such as cows and lamb, are OK provided restrictions are met. But they must be slaughtered according to set guidelines. All kosher rulings are overseen by trained rabbis from a kosher certification agency. They inspect, uphold and grant rights to label a food kosher. Ordinarily, kosher food is associated with the Jewish faith, but it's becoming very popular among non-Jews too.你吃过犹太食品吗？那是符合kashrut犹太饮食规定的食物。例如，这些规定禁止食用任何种类的猪肉或贝类。只要满足限制条件，其他动物的肉，如牛和羊肉，都是可以的。但必须按照既定的指导方针屠宰它们。所有 Kosher 裁决均由来自 Kosher 认证机构的训练有素的拉比监督。他们检查、维护和授予对食品犹太洁食标签的权利。通常，犹太食品与犹太人的信仰有关，但它在非犹太人中也变得非常流行。According to the Jewish telegraphic agency, as of 2018 there were approximately 7.5 million Jews in the United States. But, according to a study by the Quartz business news website, 41% of all packaged foodstuffs there are certified kosher. In fact, the global kosher food market is predicted to rise to $60 billion in annual sales by 2025 - according to PR Newswire, a press release distribution network.根据犹太电报机构的数据，截至 2018 年，美国约有 750 万犹太人。但是，根据 Quartz 商业新闻网站的一项研究，41% 的包装食品都经过了犹太洁食认证。事实上，根据新闻稿发布网络 PR Newswire 的数据，预计到 2025 年，全球犹太食品市场的年销售额将增至 600 亿美元。Why might this be? One reason is the possible perception that kosher food is cleaner or healthier. Another is the guarantee that certain allergens, such as shellfish, will definitely not be permitted. And its protocols mean anyone seeking to avoid certain animal-based ingredients, such as gelatine, can do so.为什么会这样？一个原因是可能认为犹太食品更清洁或更健康。另一个是保证某些过敏原，如贝类，绝对不会被允许。它的协议意味着任何寻求避免某些动物成分（如明胶）的人都可以这样做。"It appeals to a more health-conscious consumer", says Menachem Lubinsky, CEO of Lubicom. They're the organiser of "Kosherfest", a two-day event that advertises itself as 'the world's largest and most attended kosher-certified products trade show'. In 2019, at its 31st event in New Jersey, attendance was up from the previous year by 800, and 300 new products were on display. In addition, non-Jewish-owned companies from places such as Pakistan, South Korea and Italy  were in attendance.“它吸引了更注重健康的消费者”，Lubicom 的首席执行官 Menachem Lubinsky 说。他们是“Kosherfest”的组织者，这是一个为期两天的活动，宣传自己是“世界上最大、参加人数最多的 Kosher 认证产品贸易展”。2019 年，在新泽西州举行的第 31 届活动上，出席人数比上一年增加了 800 人，展出了 300 种新产品。此外，来自巴基斯坦、韩国和意大利等地的非犹太人所有的公司也出席了会议。So keep your eyes peeled for an authorised kosher trademark the next time you're food shopping. Based on their popularity to date, it might not be long before we're all eating a little something kosher.因此，下次购买食品时，请留意获得授权的犹太洁食商标。根据它们迄今为止的受欢迎程度，可能不久之后我们都会吃点犹太洁食。词汇表conform 符合，遵守regulation 规则，规定forbid 禁止restriction 限制according to 按照，根据guidelines 准则，标准ruling 决定，裁定oversee 监管uphold 维护grant (the) right to 授予……权利certified 有合格证书的，获得资格的guarantee 保证permit 允许protocol 规定authorised 认证的，授权的trademark 商标

How are you feeling today? Often when we ask people that question, they reply ‘not bad’, or ‘could be worse’. But what would make us feel ‘perfect’? Maybe we could live better by being healthier, less stressed, more motivated – but how?你今天感觉如何？通常当我们问人们这个问题时，他们会回答“还不错”，或者“可能会更糟”。但是什么会让我们感觉“完美”呢？也许我们可以通过变得更健康、压力更小、更有动力来生活得更好——但是如何呢？Of course there are many remedies for improving our mental health, but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to help improve our wellbeing. It’s something the BBC TV programme Easy Ways to Live Well has been looking at.  It suggested several ‘health hacks’ which the programme’s presenters tried and gave their ‘seal of approval’. And maybe they could help us too.当然，有很多补救措施可以改善我们的心理健康，但有时也有一些小而简单的解决方案可以帮助改善我们的健康。这是 BBC 电视节目 Easy Ways to Live Well 一直在关注的内容。它建议了几个“健康黑客”，节目的主持人尝试了这些“健康黑客”，并给出了他们的“批准印章”。也许他们也可以帮助我们。Firstly, to tackle putting on weight and to cut the calories, the programme found sniffing peppermint stops our craving for a snack.  Presenter, chef and writer Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall says “a scientific theory called ‘mutual competition’ shows that a strong smell can distract our brain from the food we’re thinking about.”首先，为了解决体重增加和减少卡路里的问题，该计划发现闻薄荷可以阻止我们对零食的渴望。主持人、厨师和作家 Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall 说：“一种叫做‘相互竞争’的科学理论表明，强烈的气味会分散我们的大脑对我们正在思考的食物的注意力。”If your addiction to your smartphone is getting you down, it’s suggested that turning your phone screen grey helps you reduce screen time because a black and white screen becomes less attractive to look at. With recent studies showing our phones can make us 26% less productive and increase our stress, it seems like a no-brainer to try this ‘dim’ idea.如果您对智能手机的沉迷让您情绪低落，建议将手机屏幕变灰有助于减少屏幕时间，因为黑白屏幕看起来不那么吸引人。最近的研究表明，我们的手机会使我们的工作效率降低 26% 并增加我们的压力，尝试这种“暗淡”的想法似乎是不费吹灰之力。Fancy a swim in ice-cold water? Well, the BBC programme found a daily dip in freezing water gets you used to the stress of doing it and therefore prepares you for other life stresses. And another way to ‘chill out’ is to leave your smartphone at home, immerse yourself in a forest, and breathe in the fresh air. Forest bathing is the perfect tonic for the stresses of urban life.想在冰冷的水中游泳吗？好吧，英国广播公司的节目发现，每天泡在冰冷的水中会让你习惯这样做的压力，从而让你为其他生活压力做好准备。另一种“放松”的方式是将智能手机留在家中，沉浸在森林中，呼吸新鲜空气。森林浴是缓解城市生活压力的完美补品。Other life-improving ideas included things such as singing to reduce pain and fidgeting more to get away from our sedentary lives. But whatever therapy we choose to adopt, it seems any change to our lifestyle can help improve our body and mind.其他改善生活的想法包括唱歌以减轻疼痛和坐立不安以摆脱久坐不动的生活。但无论我们选择采用何种疗法，似乎对我们生活方式的任何改变都有助于改善我们的身心。词汇表motivated 有动力的remedy 疗法mental health 精神健康状态wellbeing 健康hack 好的建议seal of approval 认可calorie 卡路里craving 渴望，渴求get someone down 让某人感到沮丧productive 有效率的no-brainer 容易处理的问题dip 游泳chill out 放松immerse 沉浸在……forest bathing 森林浴tonic 滋补剂fidgeting 坐立不安sedentary 久坐不动的therapy 疗法

Grimy coffee cups, dirty clothes all over the floor and uninvited guests – and they're not even yours! These are the joys of flatsharing. So why do we do it? Well, for many, buying a house or flat is just too expensive. In fact, according to the Guardian, the total amount of rent paid by tenants in Britain in 2017 rose to more than £50 billion – more than double the level of ten years prior. And for those who do, many choose to share the place with strangers to save money. You rent a room and share the kitchen, living room and bathroom, for example. But apart from the financial saving, what are the pros and cons of flatsharing?肮脏的咖啡杯、满地的脏衣服和不速之客——他们甚至都不是你的！这些就是合租的乐趣。那么我们为什么要这样做呢？嗯，对许多人来说，买房子或公寓太贵了。事实上，据《卫报》报道，2017 年英国租户支付的租金总额上升至超过 500 亿英镑，是十年前水平的两倍多。对于那些这样做的人来说，许多人选择与陌生人分享这个地方以省钱。例如，您租一个房间并共享厨房、客厅和浴室。但是除了经济上的节省之外，合租的利弊是什么？The pros? Well, living with others means that you can pool your resources. You may not even need to ask; just leave an IOU. Then there's the fact that you gain access to their social networks. Living with people means meeting their friends, who may then become your friends. And don't forget the networking opportunity. Lastly, there's the emotional support. Due to the nature of communal living, you're not just dealing with your own life events, but other people's too. Most likely, there'll always be a shoulder to cry on when you need one. But don't forget to reciprocate when they need it.优点？好吧，与他人生活意味着您可以集中资源。你甚至可能不需要问；只留下一张借条。然后是您可以访问他们的社交网络的事实。与人一起生活意味着结识他们的朋友，他们可能会成为你的朋友。并且不要忘记网络机会。最后是情感支持。由于公共生活的性质，您不仅要处理自己的生活事件，还要处理其他人的生活事件。最有可能的是，当您需要一个肩膀时，总会有一个可以哭泣的肩膀。但别忘了在他们需要的时候给予回报。Now the cons. There's limited storage space, for a start. In most cases, the kitchen, for example, will be divvied up into designated shelves and areas. Worse, many people may not respect these boundaries. You might well come home to find someone's pilfered your milk or shower gel, and no one owns up to it. Furthermore, despite the rota showing that cleaning is everyone's responsibility, some people don't like to pull their weight. And then there are the unexpected guests. If a flatmate forgets to keep you in the loop about a party they're throwing and all you want is a quiet night, it can be challenging.现在的缺点。首先，存储空间有限。例如，在大多数情况下，厨房将被划分为指定的架子和区域。更糟糕的是，许多人可能不尊重这些界限。你很可能回家后发现有人偷了你的牛奶或沐浴露，但没有人承认。此外，尽管轮班表显示清洁是每个人的责任，但有些人不喜欢自力更生。然后是不速之客。如果室友忘记让你了解他们正在举办的派对，而你想要的只是一个安静的夜晚，那可能会很有挑战性。Whether the pros outweigh the cons is something everyone must decide for themselves. Some people prefer their own space, while others thrive in a social environment. Regardless, for many who lack the means to buy their own property, a flatshare is, and will continue to be, a necessity.利大于弊是每个人都必须自己决定的事情。有些人更喜欢自己的空间，而另一些人则在社交环境中茁壮成长。无论如何，对于许多缺乏购买自己房产的手段的人来说，合租是并将继续是必要的。词汇表house 房子，住宅flat 公寓，单元房rent 房租tenant 租户，租房客IOU 欠条 （I owe you 的缩写）social network （某人的）社交网络networking 建立人脉emotional support 精神支持communal 共享的，公共的a shoulder to cry on 可以倾诉的对象reciprocate 回报storage space 存储空间divvy up 分享designated 指定的pilfer 小偷小摸own up 承认，坦白pull your weight 献上自己的力量flatmate 合住一套公寓的人keep you in the loop 给你及时提供消息property 房产

There’s no place like home. It’s the place where we’re surrounded by our possessions and creature comforts. We purchase things to give our homes a personal touch and create a certain ambience. And one thing we’re buying more of is houseplants. But are these ‘living’ additions to our homes good for us and the environment?金窝银窝不如自己家里的狗窝。这是我们被我们的财产和物质享受所包围的地方。我们购买东西是为了给我们的家带来个人风格并营造一定的氛围。我们购买更多的一件事是室内植物。但是，这些为我们家增添的“生机”对我们和环境有好处吗？Houseplants, also known as pot plants, have Instagram-friendly appeal; add a natural touch and they have the ability to brighten up a room on a budget. The Royal Horticultural Society found that nearly 72% of adults in the UK had a houseplant in their home, with this figure rising to 80% of 16-24 year olds. A fifth of owners also said they use plants in the home to boost their health and well-being. And average sales last year were up on the previous year.室内植物，也称为盆栽植物，具有适合 Instagram 的吸引力；添加自然的触感，他们有能力在预算内照亮房间。英国皇家园艺学会发现，近 72% 的英国成年人家中有盆栽植物，这一数字在 16-24 岁的人群中上升到 80%。五分之一的业主还表示，他们在家中使用植物来促进健康和幸福。去年的平均销售额比上一年有所上升。It seems millennials are driving the growth in the sales of houseplants. According to research by The Economist, more young people are living in flats without a garden. 24 year-old Daisy Hale told the BBC "being able to care for something but not having too much commitment - I guess that's a classic millennial line - is ideal for my lifestyle."千禧一代似乎正在推动室内植物销售的增长。根据《经济学人》的研究，越来越多的年轻人住在没有花园的公寓里。24 岁的黛西·黑尔告诉 BBC，“能够照顾一些事情，但没有太多的承诺——我想这是千禧一代的经典路线——非常适合我的生活方式。”From hanging baskets, to cacti and succulent ferns, the choice of vegetation is endless. They are easy to care for, and there have been unproven claims that they improve the air quality in our home.  But whatever their benefits, there are now concerns that they might not be so good for the environment.  Some are bought online and shipped from overseas. Fay Kenworthy, co-founder of PlantSwap, a community initiative that encourages people to trade plants locally, told the BBC "this could rack up ‘plant miles’".从吊篮到仙人掌和多汁的蕨类植物，植物的选择是无穷无尽的。它们很容易照顾，并且有未经证实的声称它们可以改善我们家的空气质量。但无论它们有什么好处，现在有人担心它们可能对环境不太好。有些是在网上购买并从海外发货。鼓励人们在当地交易植物的社区倡议 PlantSwap 的联合创始人 Fay Kenworthy 告诉 BBC，“这可能会增加‘植物里程’”。But botanist and BBC presenter James Wong argues that home delivery has less of an environmental impact than multiple trips to the garden centre in a car. Although he’s not too concerned about the environmental impact, others are worried about the plastic pots they are in and the type of peat that some of them are grown in. However, a sustainable approach to buying them may be the best way forward if we want to introduce some natural greenery into our homes.但植物学家和 BBC 主持人 James Wong 认为，与多次乘车前往花园中心相比，送货上门对环境的影响较小。尽管他不太担心对环境的影响，但其他人担心它们所在的塑料盆以及其中一些生长的泥炭类型。但是，如果我们愿意，购买它们的可持续方法可能是最好的方法将一些天然绿色植物引入我们的家中。词汇表creature comforts 物质享受personal touch 个性化色彩ambience 氛围，情调houseplant 室内盆栽植物pot plants 室内盆栽植物natural touch 自然美brighten up 使……亮起来well-being 安康，幸福hanging basket 植物吊篮cacti 仙人掌fern 蕨类植物vegetation 植物，植被air quality 空气质量botanist 植物学家garden centre 园艺中心，花卉商店peat 泥炭sustainable 能长期维持的greenery 绿色植物，青枝绿叶

It's the most popular drink worldwide. According to the British Coffee Association, approximately two billion cups of coffee are consumed every day. But after the beans have been picked, roasted and brewed, the grounds are often disposed of as waste. With the environment and resource consumption such hot topics at the moment, wouldn't it be great if we could reuse this waste to make something useful? Well, you can.它是全球最受欢迎的饮品。根据英国咖啡协会的数据，每天消耗大约 20 亿杯咖啡。但在豆子被采摘、烘烤和酿造后，咖啡渣通常被当作废物处理掉。环境和资源消耗是当下的热门话题，如果我们能把这些废物再利用起来做一些有用的事情不是很好吗？嗯，你可以。The company OCHIS manufactures sunglasses. Max Havrylenko, founder of the company, was searching for an alternative substance to plastic. He wanted to 'solve the problem of plastic use and overconsumption', he told the BBC. OCHIS fuses the grounds with vegetable oils, forming a bond. These are pressed into plates which are durable and flexible. These are then cut into the arms and frames of the glasses. "Don't worry," he says, "They won't dissolve in the rain."OCHIS 公司生产太阳镜。该公司的创始人 Max Havrylenko 正在寻找塑料的替代材料。他告诉 BBC，他想“解决塑料使用和过度消费的问题”。OCHIS 将地面与植物油融合在一起，形成一种结合。这些被压成耐用且灵活的板。然后将它们切割成眼镜的臂和框架。“别担心，”他说，“它们不会在雨中溶解。”Rosalie McMillan, a London jeweller, uses recycled coffee grounds along with gold and silver to make handcrafted jewellery. She mixes the coffee with oils and subjects it to heat and pressure to create a compound she calls 'Çurface'. Her website claims it has a 'beautiful surface quality and texture' with similar properties to hardwood.伦敦珠宝商 Rosalie McMillan 使用回收的咖啡渣以及黄金和白银制作手工珠宝。她将咖啡与油混合，并对其加热和加压，制成一种她称之为“Çurface”的化合物。她的网站声称它具有“美丽的表面质量和质地”，具有与硬木相似的特性。What about a coffee cup made from them? Kaffeeform is a German-based company that transforms used grounds and renewable plant-based raw materials into a durable composite. This is shaped into a variety of containers and polished and finished, ready to be sold. So, you can drink your coffee from a cup made of coffee.用它们制成的咖啡杯怎么样？Kaffeeform 是一家德国公司，将使用过的地面和可再生植物原料转化为耐用的复合材料。这被塑造成各种容器并抛光和完成，准备出售。所以，你可以用一杯咖啡来喝咖啡。And it doesn't stop there. Even without a factory, you can make use of coffee grounds. They make excellent fertiliser. You can exfoliate with them, or mix them with water to make a sepia-toned paint. And the list goes on. So next time you finish your morning cup, save the grounds.它并不止于此。即使没有工厂，您也可以使用咖啡渣。他们是优秀的肥料。您可以用它们去角质，或将它们与水混合制成棕褐色油漆。而这样的例子不胜枚举。因此，下次您完成早晨的杯子时，请保存地面。It's the most popular drink worldwide. According to the British Coffee Association, approximately two billion cups of coffee are consumed every day. But after the beans have been picked, roasted and brewed, the grounds are often disposed of as waste. With the environment and resource consumption such hot topics at the moment, wouldn't it be great if we could reuse this waste to make something useful? Well, you can.The company OCHIS manufactures sunglasses. Max Havrylenko, founder of the company, was searching for an alternative substance to plastic. He wanted to 'solve the problem of plastic use and overconsumption', he told the BBC. OCHIS fuses the grounds with vegetable oils, forming a bond. These are pressed into plates which are durable and flexible. These are then cut into the arms and frames of the glasses. "Don't worry," he says, "They won't dissolve in the rain."Rosalie McMillan, a London jeweller, uses recycled coffee grounds along with gold and silver to make handcrafted jewellery. She mixes the coffee with oils and subjects it to heat and pressure to create a compound she calls 'Çurface'. Her website claims it has a 'beautiful surface quality and texture' with similar properties to hardwood. What about a coffee cup made from them? Kaffeeform is a German-based company that transforms used grounds and renewable plant-based raw materials into a durable composite. This is shaped into a variety of containers and polished and finished, ready to be sold. So, you can drink your coffee from a cup made of coffee.And it doesn't stop there. Even without a factory, you can make use of coffee grounds. They make excellent fertiliser. You can exfoliate with them, or mix them with water to make a sepia-toned paint. And the list goes on. So next time you finish your morning cup, save the grounds.

What did you want to be when you were growing up? A doctor, an engineer - or maybe a footballer or actor? We all had big plans for our futures and believed there was a dream job waiting for us – one that would pay well and give great job satisfaction. But how realistic was that?你长大后想成为什么样的人？医生、工程师——或者可能是足球运动员或演员？我们都为自己的未来制定了宏伟的计划，并相信有一份梦想的工作在等着我们——一份薪水高、工作满意度高的工作。但这有多现实？Today, in the UK at least, young people are being warned that some of their career hopes and dreams don’t match the types of jobs available. Research by the charity Education and Employers suggests five times as many 17 and 18 year-olds in the UK want to work in art, culture, entertainment and sport than there are jobs.今天，至少在英国，年轻人被警告说，他们的一些职业希望和梦想与现有的工作类型不匹配。慈善机构 Education and Employers 的研究表明，英国 17 岁和 18 岁的年轻人希望从事艺术、文化、娱乐和体育工作的人数是实际工作人数的五倍。The glamour and excitement of working in these employment sectors is obviously a draw. But those looking for these types of job will be ‘destined for disappointment’. That’s what the report, Disconnected: Career aspirations and jobs in the UK, says. Writing about this for the BBC, Katherine Sellgren points out that while young people are keen to work in art, entertainment, culture and sport, the economy is unlikely to need them all. In the meantime, there is a shortfall of young people wanting to work in careers such as catering and retail.在这些就业领域工作的魅力和兴奋显然是一种吸引力。但那些寻找这类工作的人将“注定要失望”。这就是报告，断开连接：英国的职业抱负和工作，说。Katherine Sellgren 为 BBC 撰文指出，虽然年轻人热衷于在艺术、娱乐、文化和体育领域工作，但经济不太可能需要他们所有人。与此同时，想要从事餐饮和零售等职业的年轻人数量不足。Previous research about the career aspirations of young people by the Office for National Statistics also found a ‘reality gap’ between their dreams and the sometimes disappointing truth by the time they reached their early to late-20s. Apart from those who aimed to go into teaching, fewer than one in 50 were in the jobs they had wanted – such as a doctor, vet, firefighter or actor. Most were working as sales assistants, carers or in sales and marketing.国家统计局先前对年轻人职业抱负的研究也发现，他们的梦想与在他们 20 多岁出头至 20 多岁时有时令人失望的事实之间存在“现实差距”。除了那些打算从事教学工作的人之外，只有不到五分之一的人从事他们想要的工作——比如医生、兽医、消防员或演员。大多数人担任销售助理、看护人或从事销售和营销工作。While it’s good to have aspirations, the aims of young people need to be realistic. This latest report suggests that children need to be made more aware of a wider variety of occupations at a younger age.  It also calls for improved careers advice in secondary schools. A spokeswoman for the Department for Work and Pensions told the BBC that “early careers advice can help young people set out on the right path to the job that channels their interests and unlocks their potential.”有抱负固然好，但年轻人的目标需要切合实际。这份最新报告表明，需要让孩子们在更年轻的时候更多地了解更广泛的职业。它还呼吁改善中学的职业建议。工作和养老金部的一位女发言人告诉 BBC，“早期的职业建议可以帮助年轻人走上正确的工作道路，引导他们的兴趣并释放他们的潜力。”词汇表dream job 理想的工作job satisfaction 工作满意度art 艺术culture 文化entertainment 娱乐glamour 诱惑力employment sector 就业行业draw 有吸引力的事物shortfall 短缺catering 餐饮业retail 零售aspiration 理想，志向reality gap 与现实的差距sales assistant 销售员carer 照顾者，护工sales and marketing 销售和市场occupation 职业，工作careers advice 职业规划channel 把……导入unlocks one’s potential 释放……潜力

Have you ever woken up with a sore throat and blocked nose and wondered if you should take the day off work? Some of us just soldier on, hoping the office environment and banter with work colleagues will perk us up. Others will make a hot drink, return to bed and have a ‘duvet day’. But what is the right approach to take?您是否曾经因喉咙痛和鼻塞而醒来，想知道您是否应该请假一天？我们中的一些人只是坚持下去，希望办公环境和与同事的玩笑能让我们振作起来。其他人会做一杯热饮，回到床上，度过一个“羽绒被日”。但正确的做法是什么？People’s attitude to illness and when to take time off work varies. Reasons for having a sick day range from a light sniffle to feeling at death’s door. And when you have no genuine excuse but just can’t face going into work, it might be time to take a sickie. A survey of British workers by YouGov found 15% of workers who admitted making up an illness to get a day off used a migraine as their excuse. But what about a common cold – is having one a genuine enough reason for missing work?人们对疾病的态度以及何时请假各不相同。生病的原因从轻微的抽吸到死亡的大门。当你没有真正的借口但又无法面对工作时，可能是时候请病假了。YouGov 对英国工人的一项调查发现，15% 的工人承认为了请假而假装生病，以偏头痛为借口。但是普通感冒怎么办？有一个足够真实的理由来缺勤吗？This is something Ian Shoesmith explored for the BBC. He looked into “the murky moral maze” that brought together employment law, ethics and public health. He spoke to Rachel Suff, senior policy adviser at the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, who said "If you are really not well and your symptoms mean you are not going to be productive, it's better to go off sick. You're also not spreading your germs around the workplace." But Ian also found that catching a cold from someone could help build up your immune system and be good for long-term health. However it can depend on what type of cold it is.这是 Ian Shoesmith 为 BBC 探索的内容。他研究了将就业法、道德和公共卫生结合在一起的“阴暗的道德迷宫”。他与英国特许人事与发展协会的高级政策顾问雷切尔·萨夫（Rachel Suff）进行了交谈，后者说：“如果你真的身体不好，并且你的症状意味着你不会有生产力，那么最好请病假。你也是不要在工作场所周围传播你的细菌。”但伊恩还发现，从某人那里感冒可以帮助增强您的免疫系统，并有利于长期健康。但是，这可能取决于它是什么类型的感冒。Of course, deciding whether to take time off to recuperate from a cold may depend on where you work. Hayley Johnson, an employment lawyer at Slater and Gordon, told the BBC that sometimes members of staff feel obliged to work when they are sick "because they fear the mountain of work will just keep piling up" for when they return. But if an employee is feeling under the weather but well enough to work, a solution could be to work from home.当然，决定是否请假从感冒中恢复可能取决于您在哪里工作。Slater and Gordon 的就业律师海莉·约翰逊告诉 BBC，有时员工生病时会觉得有必要工作，“因为他们担心当他们返回时，工作量会不断堆积”。但是，如果员工感觉不适但可以工作，解决方案可能是在家工作。As a cure for a common cold is still a long way off, having this lurgy as an excuse for a day off work is not to be sneezed at!由于普通感冒的治愈还有很长的路要走，所以以这种 lurgy 为借口请假一天是不容小觑的！词汇表a sore throat 嗓子疼blocked nose 鼻塞soldier on 坚持干活perk somebody up 使某人精神振作duvet day 休假日sniffle 流鼻涕，吸鼻子at death’s door 病入膏肓sickie 假病假，称病缺勤migraine 偏头疼common cold 感冒public health 公共卫生symptom 症状germ 病菌catch a cold 患感冒immune system 免疫系统recuperate 恢复，康复under the weather 生病cure 治疗方法lurgy 小病not to be sneezed at 不可轻视的

If you go to work, you’re probably familiar with the routine of travelling to the office, hunting for an available desk, completing your tasks and then enduring your commute home. In many ways, it seems like an outdated working practice. And maybe that’s why more and more of us are now choosing to work from home.如果你去上班，你可能很熟悉去办公室旅行、寻找可用办公桌、完成任务然后通勤回家的例行公事。在许多方面，这似乎是一种过时的工作方式。也许这就是我们越来越多的人现在选择在家工作的原因。There are, of course, many reasons for remote working, as it is also called. The demands of modern life and a desire for a better work-life balance has driven the trend, along with improved technology, which makes doing most tasks at home a doddle.当然，远程工作也有很多原因。现代生活的需求和对更好的工作与生活平衡的渴望推动了这一趋势，随着技术的进步，这使得在家中完成大多数任务变得轻而易举。In the UK, figures from the Office for National Statistics show more than one and a half million people work from home for their main job. But, although logging on from the comfort of your sofa may appeal, especially if it’s part of a flexible working approach, some people are forced to work from home and find it hard going. Marketing consultant Mark Black told the BBC he struggled to switch off from work when he was based solely at home. He says: "I hated home working. You get up in the morning and stare at the same four walls, do your work, and try and clock off, but you can't." It’s true that being at home means you can’t physically leave your office behind, and as Emma Mamo from mental health charity Mind says: "Home workers don't always have the same opportunities to connect with people as their office-based colleagues.”在英国，国家统计局的数据显示，超过 150 万人在家工作以从事主要工作。但是，尽管从舒适的沙发上登录可能会很有吸引力，特别是如果它是灵活工作方式的一部分，但有些人被迫在家工作并且觉得很难。营销顾问马克布莱克告诉英国广播公司，当他只在家里工作时，他很难下班。他说：“我讨厌在家工作。你早上起床，盯着同样的四堵墙，做你的工作，试着下班，但你不能。”确实，在家中意味着你不能离开办公室，正如心理健康慈善机构 Mind 的 Emma Mamo 所说：“在家工作的人并不总是有与办公室同事一样的机会与人交流。”But remote working doesn’t always mean being at home. Cafes and workplace spaces offer a chance for workers, particularly self-employed people, to come together and interact with each other. There are also employees who have no choice but to work remotely because their companies have decided to do away with offices altogether to have a more agile workforce - it's certainly very cost effective and attractive for start-ups. But for those employed by businesses with a physical base, working at home provides a convenient alternative to the 9 to 5. And without the distraction of their colleagues, it can be the most productive place to work!但远程工作并不总是意味着待在家里。咖啡馆和工作场所为工人，尤其是个体经营者提供了聚集在一起并相互交流的机会。还有一些员工别无选择，只能远程工作，因为他们的公司已决定完全取消办公室以拥有更灵活的员工队伍——这对于初创企业来说无疑是非常具有成本效益和吸引力的。但是对于那些受雇于有实体基础的企业的人来说，在家工作是朝九晚五的便捷替代方案。而且没有同事的分心，它可能是最有效率的工作场所！词汇表routine 常规，惯例task 任务，工作commute 通勤remote working 远程工作work-life balance 工作和生活的平衡doddle 轻而易举的事情log on 登录flexible working 弹性工作时间hard going 很难做的……switch off 停止，不理睬clock off 下班colleagues 同事self-employed 自雇的，个体经营的interact with 交流，互动agile 灵活的cost effective 合算的，物有所值的start-up 创业公司distraction 干扰，影响productive 有效率的

It's a touchy subject. Talking socially about money can make people feel uncomfortable. But at work, have a conversation about how much people earn, and things can not only get awkward, but, in some cases, it can get you sacked.这是一个敏感的话题。在社交场合谈论金钱会让人们感到不舒服。但是在工作中，谈论人们挣多少钱，事情不仅会变得尴尬，而且在某些情况下，它可能会让你被解雇。According to a survey by the Trades Union Congress, 1 in 5 workers "have been told they can’t talk about their pay at work". This, concludes the TUC, indicates how common pay secrecy or 'gagging' clauses are in employment contracts. 'Pay secrecy clauses are a get out of jail free card for bad bosses,' said TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady. 'They stop workers from challenging unfair pay, allow top executives to hoard profits and encourage discrimination. More openness about wages is essential to building fairer workplaces.'根据工会大会的一项调查，五分之一的工人“被告知他们不能谈论他们的工作工资”。TUC 总结说，这表明工资保密或“堵嘴”条款在雇佣合同中的普遍性。TUC 总书记弗朗西斯·奥格雷迪 (Frances O'Grady) 说：“薪酬保密条款是坏老板的出狱卡。” '他们阻止工人挑战不公平的薪酬，允许高层管理人员囤积利润并鼓励歧视。更开放的工资对于建立更公平的工作场所至关重要。So, should we talk about how much we earn? It's not so simple. Even without the contractual obligations, people may still be reluctant. "I personally have found it's better not looking and not knowing," Tracy Jordan, an HR professional, told the BBC. "Even if you feel you are paid a fair wage, there will always be someone that you perceive is doing a lesser job and is earning more. Rather than feeling perpetually dissatisfied, I think ignorance can be bliss."那么，我们应该谈谈我们赚了多少吗？这不是那么简单。即使没有合同义务，人们可能仍然不情愿。人力资源专业人士特雷西乔丹告诉 BBC：“我个人发现，最好不要看也不知道。” “即使你觉得自己得到了公平的工资，也总会有人认为你做的工作更少，收入更高。我认为与其永远不满意，不如说无知是幸福。”Money is tied up with complex emotions, Brianna McGurran, a money expert at the personal finance blog NerdWallet, told the New York Times. It involves emotions like shame, success and fear of failure. It also influences how people view you. People's money is tied to their self-worth. As a result, culturally, it can be bit of a taboo.个人理财博客 NerdWallet 的理财专家布丽安娜·麦古兰 (Brianna McGurran) 告诉《纽约时报》，金钱与复杂的情绪息息相关。它涉及羞耻、成功和对失败的恐惧等情绪。它也会影响人们如何看待你。人们的钱与他们的自我价值挂钩。因此，在文化上，它可能有点禁忌。But all that may change. First of all, pay secrecy clauses are unenforceable in the UK due to the UK Equality Act 2010. An employee must always be able to find out if they are being discriminated against in terms of pay. In addition, The European Union is considering new legislation on pay transparency in order to reduce gender pay, earnings and pension gaps. So, for better or worse it may be something we all have to get used to. Over time, talking about our salaries may become just another matter for small talk.但这一切都可能改变。首先，由于《2010 年英国平等法》，薪酬保密条款在英国无法执行。员工必须始终能够查明他们是否在薪酬方面受到歧视。此外，欧盟正在考虑制定关于薪酬透明度的新立法，以减少性别薪酬、收入和养老金差距。因此，无论好坏，这可能是我们都必须习惯的事情。随着时间的推移，谈论我们的薪水可能只是闲聊的另一回事。词汇表touchy 敏感的，需要小心对待的uncomfortable 令人不自在的awkward 尴尬的sacked 被解雇pay secrecy 薪资保密gagging clause 封口条款employment contract 雇佣合同top executives 高层管理团队discrimination 歧视wage 工资，工钱contractual obligation 合同义务reluctant 不情愿的dissatisfied 不满意的ignorance is bliss 无知即是福personal finance 个人财物fear of failure 害怕失败self-worth 自我价值unenforceable 不能强制执行的pay gap 薪酬差距salary 薪水，工资

Yawning is something we all do – maybe because we’re bored carrying out tedious tasks or because we’re tired. Sometimes, just seeing other people yawn can set you off. But is this biological function really contagious, and why do we do it in the first place?打哈欠是我们所有人都会做的事情——也许是因为我们厌倦了执行乏味的任务，或者是因为我们累了。有时，仅仅看到别人打哈欠就会让你反感。但是这种生物学功能真的具有传染性吗？我们为什么要这样做呢？Many of us think we open our mouths when we yawn to take in more oxygen, but in fact it appears there is no clear biological reason. According to BBC Bitesize, new research suggests it might be because yawning cools the brain down and prevents it from overheating, much like the fan in your laptop. This might be why we’re more likely to feel drowsy and yawn in warm temperatures.我们中的许多人认为，当我们打哈欠时会张开嘴来吸收更多的氧气，但实际上似乎没有明确的生物学原因。根据 BBC Bitesize 的说法，新的研究表明，这可能是因为打哈欠可以冷却大脑并防止其过热，就像笔记本电脑中的风扇一样。这可能就是我们在温暖的温度下更容易感到困倦和打哈欠的原因。What is clear is that we yawn more when we’re exhausted and ready for a nap, and we can’t control when we do it – once we start, there’s no stopping us! But it’s also true that yawning is a very contagious behaviour. John Drury, a researcher from Sussex University, told the BBC that “it’s meant to be automatic; it’s something that you can’t stop. Dogs yawn when their owners yawn, animals yawn to each other. It happens whether you want to or not.”很明显，当我们筋疲力尽准备小睡时，我们会打更多的哈欠，而我们无法控制何时打哈欠——一旦开始，就没有人能阻止我们！但是，打哈欠也是一种非常具有传染性的行为。苏塞克斯大学的研究员约翰·德鲁里告诉 BBC，“它是自动的；这是你无法停止的事情。狗在主人打哈欠时打哈欠，动物互相打哈欠。不管你愿不愿意，它都会发生。”His research into this cognitive behaviour found that there is a connection with our social group and how close we are to the people in it. If we identify with the person who exhibits the behaviour, we are likely to copy it too.他对这种认知行为的研究发现，这与我们的社会群体以及我们与其中的人有多亲近有关。如果我们认同表现出这种行为的人，我们也可能会复制它。Other research by the University of Nottingham in 2017 found similar results. They asked volunteers to watch other people yawn. They found their ability to resist yawning when others around them yawned was limited. And the urge to yawn was increased when people were told they couldn’t. They also found, when using electrical stimulation, that they were able to increase people’s desire to yawn. These findings, they say, could be useful because it could help treat other conditions like Tourette’s, which involve the same area of the brain.诺丁汉大学 2017 年的其他研究也发现了类似的结果。他们要求志愿者看着其他人打哈欠。当周围的人打哈欠时，他们发现自己抵抗打哈欠的能力是有限的。当人们被告知打哈欠时，打哈欠的冲动就会增加。他们还发现，当使用电刺激时，它们能够增加人们打哈欠的欲望。他们说，这些发现可能很有用，因为它可以帮助治疗像图雷特氏症这样涉及大脑同一区域的其他疾病。What is certain is that a yawn can creep up on us at any time even when we think we’re not tired – but, I hope, not when you’re reading this article!可以肯定的是，即使我们认为自己不累，哈欠也可能随时向我们袭来——但是，我希望，当您阅读本文时，不会！词汇表yawning 打哈欠bored 感到无聊的tired 疲倦的，累的set sb. off 使某人开始做某事biological function 生物功能contagious 有感染力的，会蔓延的oxygen 氧气overheat 使……变得过热drowsy 昏昏欲睡的exhausted 精疲力尽的a nap 小睡，打盹behaviour 行为automatic 不自觉的，无意识的cognitive 认知的identify with sb. 与某人产生共鸣exhibit 表现出resist 抗拒urge 强烈的欲望electrical stimulation 电刺激creep up on sb. 不知不觉中体验到，悄悄接近某人

Everyone loves a holiday! A little time off for some much-needed R & R can be exactly the thing to rejuvenate and refresh. That said, if you're struggling to think of your next destination then look no further. Don't waste time debating, let your blood decide.每个人都喜欢假期！一些急需的 R & R 的休息时间正是恢复活力和刷新的事情。也就是说，如果您正在努力考虑下一个目的地，那就别无所求。不要浪费时间辩论，让你的血液决定。Everybody has a lineage. Recently, finding out more about our family origins has become popular. By the start of 2019, 26 million people had taken an ancestry DNA test at home, according to a report by MIT Technology Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen to 100 million.每个人都有一个血统。最近，更多地了解我们的家庭起源变得流行起来。根据麻省理工科技评论的一份报告，到 2019 年初，已有 2600 万人在家中进行了血统 DNA 测试。他们相信到 2021 年这个数字将上升到 1 亿。This trend has been noticed by opportunistic travel operators. Some are looking to provide a service that both allows people to trace their heritage - by literally going back to their roots - and travel to the destinations where their ancestors originated from.机会主义的旅游经营者已经注意到了这一趋势。有些人正在寻求提供一种服务，既可以让人们追溯他们的遗产——通过字面意义上的追溯到他们的根源——也可以前往他们祖先起源的目的地。Airbnb, an online lodging marketplace, recently partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis company, to offer recommendations that encourage travellers to walk in the footsteps of their forefathers. And they aren't the only ones.在线住宿市场 Airbnb 最近与 DNA 测试和分析公司 23andMe 合作，提供建议，鼓励旅行者追随祖先的脚步。他们不是唯一的。The Shelbourne hotel in Dublin has its own 'genealogy butler'. Hellen Kelly offers consultations to help guests trace their Irish line of descent using official records. This allows them to 'fill in the blanks of their Irish ancestry', she told Good Morning America.都柏林的谢尔伯恩酒店拥有自己的“家谱管家”。海伦凯利提供咨询，帮助客人使用官方记录追踪他们的爱尔兰血统。她告诉早安美国，这使他们能够“填补爱尔兰血统的空白”。The Conte Club, a luxury travel company, offers custom itineraries based on DNA tests. 'These experiences are about delving deeper into who we really are,' says Conte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Condé Nast Traveller. 'It might be the most meaningful trip we can take.'豪华旅游公司 Conte Club 提供基于 DNA 测试的定制行程。“这些经历是为了更深入地了解我们的真实身份，”Conte Club 首席执行官 Rebecca Fielding 在 Condé Nast Traveller 的一篇文章中说道。“这可能是我们能进行的最有意义的旅行。”So next time you think of going on vacation, why not take a DNA test first? Once you know how far your family has come, take the time to holiday back.所以下次你想去度假时，为什么不先做个 DNA 测试呢？一旦你知道你的家人已经走了多远，花点时间回去度假。词汇表time off 休息，休假R & R 休息放松（rest and relaxation 的缩写）rejuvenate 使人恢复精神、活力refresh 使人恢复，消除疲劳destination 目的地blood 血液lineage 血统，世系ancestry 祖先travel operator 旅行社heritage 遗产roots 根originate 始于，来自walk in the footsteps 追随……脚步forefathers 祖先genealogy 家谱学，家系trace 查明……源头，追溯line of descent 同一血统的后代fill in the blanks 填补空白itinerary 旅程，旅行计划delve 探索

We know it’s good to learn another language. It opens doors, makes you more employable, helps you make new friends, and it’s fun too. But to improve our linguistic skills, many of us have to endure hours of school lessons or evening classes, with our heads buried in textbooks. It’s no wonder then that technology appears to be providing a better and more accessible way of learning.我们知道学习另一种语言是件好事。它打开了大门，让你更有工作能力，帮助你结交新朋友，而且也很有趣。但是为了提高我们的语言技能，我们中的许多人不得不忍受几个小时的学校课程或夜校，我们的头埋在课本中。难怪技术似乎提供了一种更好、更容易获得的学习方式。There is certainly a huge demand for language learning, and having a smartphone means you can have a virtual teacher with you wherever you go. Many app developers are keen to cash in on the demand, and there are numerous learning apps available – including our own, free, BBC Learning English app! One of many popular apps, Duolingo, offers 91 courses in 30 languages and has more than 300 million users.语言学习肯定有巨大的需求，拥有智能手机意味着无论你走到哪里都可以有一位虚拟老师。许多应用程序开发人员热衷于根据需求兑现，并且有许多学习应用程序可用 - 包括我们自己的免费 BBC 学习英语应用程序！Duolingo 是众多流行应用程序之一，提供 30 种语言的 91 门课程，拥有超过 3 亿用户。Some educational apps offer languages not popular enough to be taught at evening classes, or at most universities. And others offer ‘invented’ language courses in Esperanto, Elvish and Star Trek's Klingon – lessons you might not find in a traditional classroom. Whatever you want to learn, apps allow you to go at your own pace and fit learning around other commitments. But they’re not perfect – you might not get your head round the grammar and will lack the peer support you could get in a classroom environment.一些教育应用程序提供的语言不够流行，无法在夜校或大多数大学教授。其他人则提供世界语、精灵语和星际迷航的克林贡语的“发明”语言课程——传统课堂中可能找不到的课程。无论您想学习什么，应用程序都可以让您按照自己的节奏进行学习，并围绕其他承诺进行学习。但它们并不完美——你可能无法理解语法，并且缺乏在课堂环境中可以获得的同伴支持。So, does technology spell the end of traditional classrooms and teachers? Guy Baron, head of modern languages at Aberystwyth University, thinks not. He told the BBC that apps should be used alongside classroom methods, not to the exclusion of traditional teaching. And he adds: "The apps are very conversational... they're not designed for degrees, but they could be additional resources."那么，技术是否意味着传统课堂和教师的终结？阿伯里斯特威斯大学现代语言系主任 Guy Baron 不这么认为。他告诉 BBC，应用程序应该与课堂方法一起使用，而不是排斥传统教学。他补充说：“这些应用程序非常具有对话性......它们不是为学位设计的，但它们可能是额外的资源。”Certainly technology is going to help in and outside the classroom. But attending a real lesson, facing a real teacher, probably forces you to be more committed.当然，技术将在课堂内外提供帮助。但是参加真正的课程，面对真正的老师，可能会迫使你更加投入。Motivation can be a problem when using an app. But if you have a genuine and practical reason to learn another language, you will no doubt stick with it.使用应用程序时，动机可能是一个问题。但是，如果你有一个真正和实际的理由去学习另一种语言，你无疑会坚持下去。词汇表open doors 打开（各种机会的）大门linguistic 语言的evening class 夜校textbook 课本，教科书accessible 容易获取的，可得到的virtual teacher 虚拟教师cash in 从……中捞到钱财course 课程Esperanto 世界语classroom 教室，课堂get your head round (something) 理解、弄懂（复杂的事情）peer support 同学之间互相支持spell the end 预示某事结束teaching 教学degree 学位resource 资源committed （态度）坚定的，投入的motivation 积极性，动力stick with it 坚持下去

The veggie burger: this humble non-meat burger substitute is a staple of many a vegetarian meal. Though vegetarianism has a long history that reaches as far back as Egyptian times, and while many a vegetable-only stand-in patty is likely to have been used in the interim, the term veggie burger is commonly attributed to a Gregory Sams of London, who in 1982 created the 'Vegeburger'.素食汉堡：这种不起眼的非肉类汉堡替代品是许多素食餐的主食。尽管素食主义有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到埃及时代，虽然在此期间可能已经使用了许多纯蔬菜替代肉饼，但素食汉堡一词通常归因于伦敦的 Gregory Sams，他在 1982 年创造了“素食汉堡”。So what is a veggie burger? Well, a hamburger is a meat patty between two halves of a bun. A veggie burger is similar, except the patty is a meat-free equivalent, commonly made from ingredients such as beans, tofu, nuts, grains and mushrooms. In many cases, the differences between the meat patty and vegetarian surrogate are clear, but Impossible Foods of Silicon Valley hope to put an end to that.那么什么是素食汉堡？嗯，汉堡包是两个半面包之间的肉饼。素食汉堡与此类似，只是肉饼是不含肉的，通常由豆类、豆腐、坚果、谷物和蘑菇等成分制成。在许多情况下，肉饼和素食替代品之间的区别是显而易见的，但硅谷的 Impossible Foods 希望结束这种情况。The Impossible burger is made of a plant-based iron-containing molecule that resembles blood. It's called 'heme' and it's a key ingredient in their wheat, coconut and potato-based meat duplicate. It apparently looks, smells and even bleeds like meat – but it's grown in a lab using biochemistry. This replicated burger is indistinguishable from meat 47% of the time in tests conducted among meat lovers, Impossible claims.Impossible burger 由一种类似于血液的植物基含铁分子制成。它被称为“血红素”，是他们的小麦、椰子和马铃薯肉类复制品中的关键成分。它显然看起来、闻起来甚至像肉一样流血——但它是在实验室使用生物化学方法培育出来的。Impossible 声称，在肉类爱好者进行的测试中，这种复制的汉堡在 47% 的情况下与肉类无法区分。There are many non-meat alternatives that are designed to closely imitate meat and many non-vegetarians might wonder why.  Marketing is one good reason: faux-meat products appeal to meat-lover and vegetarian alike due to their alleged health benefits. If you can have the food you love at a lower health cost, why wouldn't you?  有许多非肉类替代品旨在密切模仿肉类，许多非素食者可能想知道为什么。营销是一个很好的理由：人造肉制品因其所谓的健康益处而吸引了肉食爱好者和素食者。如果你能以更低的健康成本吃到你喜欢的食物，你为什么不呢？Another reason is more ethical. Many people stop eating meat for moral reasons rather than dietary ones. They may seek to reduce animal suffering by boycotting meat products or wish to reduce the meat industry's large environmental impact. Livestock production is responsible for 18% of total greenhouse gases, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). However, they may still miss the taste of meat. Therefore pseudo-meat is a nice fill-in.另一个原因是更道德。许多人出于道德原因而不是饮食原因停止吃肉。他们可能会寻求通过抵制肉制品来减少动物的痛苦，或者希望减少肉类行业对环境的巨大影响。根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的数据，畜牧生产占温室气体总量的 18%。然而，他们可能仍然怀念肉的味道。因此，伪肉是一个很好的填充物。Finally, "there are associated feelings and memories that go with certain foods," says Thomas Banks, BBC Learning English producer and 15-year vegetarian. "I didn't grow up a vegetarian and sometimes I miss my family's cooking. Replica meat allows me to have a good home-cooked meal that's just like mum used to make." Who can argue with that?最后，“某些食物会产生相关的感受和记忆，”BBC 学习英语制作人、从事 15 年素食工作的托马斯班克斯说。“我从小不是吃素的，有时我会想念家人做的菜。仿肉让我能吃到像妈妈以前做的一样美味的家常菜。”谁能与之争辩？词汇表substitute 替代物stand-in 顶替品similar 相似的equivalent 等同（的东西）surrogate 替代的resemble 看起来像，与…相似duplicate 复制品replicated 被复制的indistinguishable 难以分辨的alternative 供选择的物品imitate 模仿faux 假的pseudo-（前缀）假的fill-in 代替者replica 仿造的

From Monday to Friday, many of us have an early start and a long day. By the time we've gone to bed and managed to fall asleep, we've been woken up by the alarm to do it all again. Come the weekend, and we're totally exhausted. We sleep in way past our usual wake-up time just to stay in sync enough to start again on Monday.从周一到周五，我们中的许多人都早早开始了漫长的一天。当我们上床睡觉并设法入睡时，我们已经被闹钟吵醒了，要重新做一遍。周末来了，我们已经筋疲力尽了。我们的睡眠时间超过了通常的起床时间，只是为了保持足够的同步，以便在星期一重新开始。Welcome to social jet lag. That's the term for the disparity between our working-week sleeping pattern, when our sleep times relate to our responsibilities, and the weekend, when we can wake when we choose. And depending on what type of person you are, the difference can be significant.欢迎来到社交时差。这是我们工作周睡眠模式（我们的睡眠时间与我们的责任相关）与周末（我们可以选择何时醒来）之间差异的术语。取决于你是什么类型的人，差异可能很大。For night owls - those whose natural rhythm is to wake and go to bed later - there can be significant health-related issues, according to a recent study published by Taylor and Francis Group online. The study concludes the further the divergence between working-week and weekend sleep times, the greater the health issues – including a higher risk of heart disease and other metabolic problems. And because so many jobs and tasks start early, night owls are effectively forced into harmonising with the early birds.根据泰勒和弗朗西斯集团最近在线发表的一项研究，对于夜猫子——那些自然节奏是晚起晚睡的人——可能存在重大的健康相关问题。该研究得出结论，工作周和周末睡眠时间之间的差异越大，健康问题就越大——包括患心脏病和其他代谢问题的风险更高。而且由于许多工作和任务开始得早，夜猫子实际上被迫与早起的鸟儿和谐相处。So what can night owls do: force themselves to integrate by sacrificing their lie in? 'It's the worst thing you can do' says Professor Till Roenneberg, professor of chronobiology at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich. This is because people's sleep pattern is half determined by genetics. The other half correlates with their age and environment. Getting less sleep is unlikely to realign your genetic tendencies.那么夜猫子能做什么：通过牺牲自己的谎言来强迫自己融入？慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学医学心理学研究所的时间生物学教授 Till Roenneberg 教授说：“这是你能做的最糟糕的事情。”这是因为人们的睡眠模式有一半是由基因决定的。另一半与他们的年龄和环境有关。睡眠不足不太可能重新调整您的遗传倾向。Our bodies evolved to coordinate with the rise and fall of the Sun. We should feel sleepy as the light dissipates. But modern life, with its artificial light and modern devices, such as computers and smartphones, means we have deviated. Now we are exposed to more light for longer periods of time, keeping our bodies awake longer. For night owls, who already tend to sleep later, this delays things even further.v我们的身体进化以配合太阳的升起和落下。当光线消散时，我们应该感到困倦。但是现代生活，拥有人造光和现代设备，如电脑和智能手机，意味着我们已经偏离了方向。现在我们暴露在更多光线下的时间更长，让我们的身体保持更长时间的清醒。对于已经倾向于晚睡的夜猫子来说，这会进一步拖延时间。One solution, beyond changing society's early-start tendencies, is to reorient our body clock by manipulating our exposure to light By taking more sunlight in the morning and minimising the amount of artificial light we are exposed to in the evening – particularly on electronic devices - we can rebalance our bodies to feel sleepy earlier. It's far from easy, but better that than losing your whole weekend to sleep. 除了改变社会的早起倾向之外，一种解决方案是通过操纵我们对光线的照射来重新调整我们的生物钟。早上吸收更多的阳光，并尽量减少我们在晚上暴露在人造光下的量——尤其是在电子设备上——我们可以重新平衡我们的身体，让我们更早地感到困倦。这远非易事，但总比整个周末都无法入睡要好。词汇表in sync 同步的disparity 差异pattern 模式，习惯relate 联系，与…一致rhythm 规律divergence 差异harmonise 和…保持一致integrate 融入（某群体）correlate 与…相关，相互关联realign 重新排列，改组coordinate 配合deviate 违背规则，偏离reorient 重新适应，再调整rebalance 再平衡

There's no doubt that one of the greatest achievements by humankind is the exploration of space. Ever since cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to journey into space in 1961, scientists have been exploring it and pushing the boundaries to try and go further and discover things that are yet to be discovered. But probably the only thing that's certain about this exploration into the unknown so far, is it's been dominated by men.毫无疑问，人类最伟大的成就之一就是对太空的探索。自从 1961 年宇航员尤里·加加林成为第一个进入太空的人以来，科学家们一直在探索它并突破界限，试图走得更远，发现尚未被发现的事物。但到目前为止，对于这种对未知的探索，唯一可以确定的是，它一直由男性主导。Of course, in the past, women haven't been excluded from space projects. Women have been involved on the ground at mission control – and behind the scenes women have worked as seamstresses, stitching vital spaceflight components. In fact, many of NASA's key missions would never have left the ground without them. And it was a group of black female mathematicians, recently depicted in a Hollywood movie called Hidden Figures, who helped NASA launch an American into space.当然，在过去，女性并没有被排除在太空项目之外。女性参与了任务控制的地面工作——在幕后，女性担任裁缝，缝合重要的航天部件。事实上，如果没有它们，NASA 的许多关键任务永远不会离开地面。这是一群黑人女数学家，最近在一部名为 Hidden Figures 的好莱坞电影中被描绘出来，他们帮助美国宇航局将一名美国人送入太空。But this hasn't been women's only contribution. Back in 1963, Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to blast off into space. However, after that, space flight programmes were slow to employ women.  In the USA, NASA didn't accept applications from women to become astronauts until 1978, and as missions to the Moon had ended by then, it meant Neil Armstrong's arrival on the Moon in 1969 was 'a giant step for mankind' – and also an important step for a man.但这并不是女性的唯一贡献。早在 1963 年，苏联宇航员瓦伦蒂娜·捷列什科娃就成为第一个进入太空的女性。然而，在那之后，太空飞行计划雇用女性的速度很慢。在美国，美国宇航局直到 1978 年才接受女性成为宇航员的申请，而当时登月任务已经结束，这意味着尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在 1969 年登上月球是“人类迈出的一大步”——而且一个男人的重要一步。But attitudes have moved on and leading engineers at NASA have said that the first person to set foot on Mars should be a woman. The space agency aims to have a gender-balanced workforce but can only achieve that if equal numbers of men and women train for science and technology careers. As Allison McIntryre, Chief of the NASA Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility, told the BBC: "My director is a women, my former division chief is a woman. We have female astronauts. We haven't put a woman on the Moon yet. And I think that perhaps the first person to step on Mars should be a woman."但态度已经改变，美国宇航局的主要工程师表示，第一个踏上火星的人应该是女性。该航天局的目标是拥有一支性别平衡的劳动力队伍，但只有在接受科学和技术职业培训的男性和女性人数相等时才能实现这一目标。正如美国宇航局太空飞行器模型设施负责人艾莉森·麦金特里 (Allison McIntryre) 告诉 BBC 的那样：“我的主管是女性，我的前任部门主管是女性。我们有女宇航员。我们还没有将女性送上月球.而且我认为第一个踏上火星的人应该是女性。”A woman landing on Mars would be an incredible achievement for being a first for womankind and would, for some, be out of this world! It would certainly inspire a younger female generation by showing what is possible. For them, the thought of other planets being a men-only destination, would be an alien concept.一个女人登陆火星将是一个令人难以置信的成就，因为它是女性的第一个，对于某些人来说，会离开这个世界！它肯定会通过展示什么是可能的来激励年轻的女性一代。对他们来说，认为其他星球是仅限男性的目的地，将是一个陌生的概念。词汇表humankind 人类exploration 探索cosmonaut（前苏联的）宇航员push the boundaries      挑战极限，突破极限mission control 航天地面指挥中心spaceflight components 航天组件NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国国家航空航天局mission（航天）任务mathematician 数学家blast off（太空飞船等）发射astronaut 宇航员the Moon 月球set foot 踏上（某地）Mars 火星gender-balanced 性别平衡的NASA Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility 美国航天局飞行器模拟中心out of this world 极好的an alien concept 一个陌生的概念

For many it means nothing at all, but to others it is the epitome of their identity. As humans, our appearance is often important to us and our hair plays a huge role. Whether you have long flowing locks or a swept back do, the way you wear your hair can say something about you. But what if you start to lose it?对许多人来说，这根本没有任何意义，但对其他人来说，这是他们身份的缩影。作为人类，我们的外表通常对我们很重要，我们的头发起着巨大的作用。无论你是飘逸的长发还是后掠的发型，你的发型都可以说明你。但如果你开始失去它怎么办？Forty per cent of men experience hair loss by the age of 35, according to the Belgravia Centre UK, one of Europe's largest hair loss treatment centres. This figure rises to 80% by the age of 80. And women are far from exempt from losing clumps of hair, with 50% of them suffering some form of hair loss in their life.根据欧洲最大的脱发治疗中心之一的英国贝尔格莱维亚中心的数据，40% 的男性在 35 岁时会脱发。到 80 岁时，这一数字上升到 80%。而且女性远不能免于脱发，其中 50% 的女性在生活中遭受某种形式的脱发。It starts with a receding hairline, followed by a thinning of hair on the crown of the head and temples and before you know it, your scalp is showing and you're completely bald. Every human naturally loses between 50 and 100 hairs a day, according to the UK National Health Service. Excluding hair loss caused by disease, baldness is genetic. It's related to the hormone testosterone, which causes a shrinking of hair follicles in susceptible adults. This results in the loss of so called 'terminal' adult hair and the production of much finer 'vellus' hairs – like those on the heads of babies.它从发际线后退开始，然后是头顶和太阳穴上的头发变薄，在你意识到之前，你的头皮已经显露出来，你完全秃了。根据英国国家卫生服务局的数据，每个人每天自然会掉 50 到 100 根头发。排除疾病引起的脱发，秃顶是遗传的。它与激素睾酮有关，睾酮会导致易感成年人的毛囊萎缩。这会导致所谓的“终末”成人头发脱落，并产生更细的“毳毛”——就像婴儿头上的头发一样。'It can cause considerable damage to emotional health, including loss of self-esteem and confidence.' a spokesman for the British Association of Dermatologists told the BBC. But if you can't hide it with a comb-over, or a wig, what can you do?  Well, the ancient Greek medic Hippocrates recommended a mixture of pigeon droppings, mixed with horseradish, cumin and nettles liberally applied to the pate. Since then there has been a liberal dose of tonics, creams, pills and hair replacement surgery. All of which have had mixed results.“它会对情绪健康造成相当大的损害，包括丧失自尊和信心。”英国皮肤病学家协会的一位发言人告诉 BBC。但是如果你不能用梳子或假发来隐藏它，你能做什么？好吧，古希腊医生希波克拉底推荐了一种鸽子粪便的混合物，混合了辣根、孜然和荨麻，大量涂抹在颈部。从那时起，大量的补品、乳霜、药丸和头发置换手术开始出现。所有这些都有不同的结果。Now, a potential new cure has been found in a drug that was designed to treat osteoporosis. The research, published in PLOS Biology, states that the drug contains a compound that targets a protein which inhibits hair growth and plays a role in balding. In short, it stimulates hair to grow. Keep your hair on,though. Clinical trials need to take place to ensure the drug is effective and safe to give people.现在，在一种旨在治疗骨质疏松症的药物中发现了一种潜在的新疗法。这项发表在 PLOS Biology 上的研究表明，该药物含有一种化合物，该化合物靶向一种抑制头发生长并在秃顶中起作用的蛋白质。简而言之，它会刺激头发生长。不过，保持你的头发。需要进行临床试验以确保该药物对人体有效且安全。And besides, many would say that being bald improves a person's appearance. Researchers at The University of Pennsylvania asked male and female students to rate photographs of men according to their attractiveness, confidence and dominance. In all three categories, the bald men came out ahead - and not just by a hair's breadth.此外，许多人会说秃头可以改善一个人的外表。宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员要求男女学生根据男性和女性的吸引力、自信和支配地位对他们的照片进行评分。在所有三个类别中，秃头男人都领先 - 而不仅仅是头发的宽度。So, whether you love it or hate it or whether it's happening to you right now, you aren't alone. A cure may very soon be on its way. Until then, relax and let your hair down.所以，无论你爱它还是恨它，或者它现在是否正在发生在你身上，你并不孤单。治疗可能很快就会出现。在那之前，放松一下，放下你的头发。词汇表locks 头发do （多指女性为特殊场合做的）发型hair loss 掉头发，脱发clumps of hair 一把一把的头发receding hairline 渐渐向后移的发际线，（男人）逐渐秃顶thinning hair 头发变得稀疏crown of the head 头顶scalp 头皮bald 秃头的baldness 秃顶hair follicle 毛囊comb-over 把两侧头发梳到秃头部位的发型wig 假发pate 头顶（谑称）keep your hair on 保持冷静，别生气a hair's breadth 以细微之差let your hair down 尽情地玩，放松下来

What do you do when you have a problem? Do you go to an expert, ask your friends to come up with an idea? Or, given the chance, would you ask a crowd of strangers for a solution? It may sound strange, but it has spurred more than a few successful innovations. That’s the thinking behind a 'challenge prize'.当你遇到问题时你会怎么做？你会去找专家，请你的朋友想出一个主意吗？或者，如果有机会，您会向一群陌生人寻求解决方案吗？这听起来可能很奇怪，但它激发了不止一些成功的创新。这就是“挑战奖”背后的想法。Challenge prizes come in many shapes and sizes but the basic concept remains the same. Rather than consulting and paying an expert to innovate a solution, you offer the prize up to anyone who believes they can solve it and present the first to do so with a prize. This might sound odd - many would argue, 'Who is better qualified than an expert?' But actually, not using one seems to result in a great deal of thinking outside of the box.挑战奖品有多种形状和大小，但基本概念保持不变。与其向专家咨询和支付费用来创新解决方案，不如向任何相信自己可以解决问题的人提供奖品，并为第一个这样做的人提供奖品。这听起来可能很奇怪——许多人会争辩说，“谁比专家更有资格？”但实际上，不使用似乎会导致大量跳出框框思考。Some argue that formal education can kill creativity because it sometimes only teaches a single solution to a problem or single method to achieve a task. In the same way, some suggest that experts can suffer from tunnel vision. "If we launch an XPRIZE and it's just the 'experts' that come out and compete, they're usually the ones that will tell us it can't be done." says Marcus Shingles, former CEO of the XPRIZE Foundation, which organises challenge prizes today.一些人认为，正规教育会扼杀创造力，因为它有时只教授问题的单一解决方案或完成任务的单一方法。同样，一些人认为专家可能会受到隧道视力的影响。“如果我们推出了 XPRIZE，而只有‘专家’出来竞争，他们通常会告诉我们这是不可能的。”今天组织挑战奖的 XPRIZE 基金会前首席执行官 Marcus Shingles 说。There are other advantages too. "You're not asking people to use a particular solution set on how to solve that problem. So you get this tremendous amount of diversity." adds Shingles. And because the crowd acts like an impromptu think tank, its lateral thinking can throw up issues that may have been overlooked.还有其他优点。“你不是要求人们使用特定的解决方案来解决这个问题。所以你得到了巨大的多样性。”添加带状疱疹。而且由于人群的行为就像一个即兴的智囊团，其横向思维可能会引发可能被忽视的问题。Challenge prizes were most popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, but have received renewed interest more recently. Historically, many practical inventions have been conceived in this way – for example, the tin can. More recently, Virgin Galactic, a company hoping to commercialise space flight, developed out of the Ansari XPRIZE 2004 winner Tier One. They successfully launched a reusable spacecraft that left the Earth's atmosphere twice in two weeks. The prize was $10m.挑战奖在 18 世纪和 19 世纪最受欢迎，但最近又重新受到关注。从历史上看，许多实用的发明都是以这种方式构思出来的——例如锡罐。最近，维珍银河，一家希望将太空飞行商业化的公司，从 2004 年 Ansari XPRIZE 冠军 Tier One 发展而来。他们成功发射了一艘可重复使用的航天器，该航天器在两周内两次离开地球大气层。奖金为 1000 万美元。However, there are dangers connected to blue-sky thinking. "You don't want to be creating a challenge prize which incentivises people to solve a problem where there is no demand," says Tris Dyson, executive director of challenge prizes at Nesta, a UK-based innovation foundation. This happened in 1979 where a Kremer prize of £100,000 was claimed by the first person to fly under human power across the English Channel. Despite its successful completion, it has not led to the adoption of human-powered flight as a form of travel. And of course, there are those who invest their personal time and money only to see no return at all: someone else claims the prize, or they find that the reward does not match the resources they invested.然而，蓝天思维也存在危险。总部位于英国的创新基金会 Nesta 的挑战奖执行董事 Tris Dyson 说：“你不想创建一个挑战奖来激励人们解决没有需求的问题。”这发生在 1979 年，第一个在人力下飞越英吉利海峡的人获得了 100,000 英镑的克雷默奖。尽管它成功完成，它并没有导致采用人力飞行作为一种旅行形式。当然，有些人投入了个人时间和金钱，却根本看不到任何回报：其他人领取了奖金，或者他们发现奖励与他们投入的资源不匹配。The pros and cons of challenge prizes affect both problem-setters and problem-solvers. But they don’t seem to be going out of style anytime soon. To many, the challenge to innovate, the lure of the prize and the prestige of being first is too much to resist. And there’s no solution for that.挑战奖的优缺点会影响问题制定者和问题解决者。但它们似乎不会很快过时。对许多人来说，创新的挑战、奖项的诱惑和第一名的声望都难以抗拒。并且没有解决方案。词汇表come up with 想出，提出solution 解决办法spur innovation 激发创新concept 概念innovate 创新（解决方案）solve 解决think outside the box 以新眼光看问题，跳出传统的思维框框tunnel vision 视野狭隘，井底之蛙think tank 智囊团lateral thinking 横向思维throw up issues 抛出问题overlook 忽略，忽视invention 创造，发明conceive 构想出blue-sky thinking “蓝天思考”，不着边际的想法problem-solver 善于解决问题的人

There's no doubt that I have a sweet tooth – I crave cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off a bar of chocolate in minutes. I'm sure I'm not alone, the sweet sugary taste is addictive but the big question is, is it bad for me? I think I know the answer!毫无疑问，我爱吃甜食——我想吃蛋糕和饼干，并且可以在几分钟内愉快地吃完一块巧克力。我确信我并不孤单，甜甜的味道让人上瘾，但最大的问题是，它对我有害吗？我想我知道答案了！Sugar is everywhere. Even if sweet stuff isn't your thing it's hard to avoid. In the UK, we consume over two million tonnes of sugar every year but often we don’t know we’re eating it. There have been many health campaigns, telling us about the dangers of consuming too much sugar and we have probably learnt that it should be eaten in moderation but we may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savoury, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.糖无处不在。即使甜食不是你的菜，也很难避免。在英国，我们每年消耗超过 200 万吨糖，但我们常常不知道自己在吃糖。有许多健康运动告诉我们摄入过多糖分的危险，我们可能已经知道应该适量食用，但我们可能没有意识到我们所食用的食物和饮料中添加的糖分健康或美味，例如低脂酸奶和酱汁。The obvious negative effect of eating sugar is on our dental health – tooth decay is a big problem in children, partly caused by drinking too many sugary drinks. Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay. But even if you can escape the dentist's drill, there are more worrying negative effects - repeatedly eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain and even obesity, leading to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and liver disease.吃糖的明显负面影响是对我们的牙齿健康——蛀牙是儿童的一个大问题，部分原因是喝了太多含糖饮料。英格兰公共卫生部声称，由于可预防的蛀牙，英格兰的一名儿童每 10 分钟在医院拔掉一颗牙齿。但即使你能躲过牙医的钻头，还有更令人担忧的负面影响——反复吃太多糖会导致体重增加甚至肥胖，导致患糖尿病、心脏病和肝病的风险增加。So what can we do to cut down on our sugar intake? Well, there are low-sugar recipes you can try and apparently there are alternative foods to help us beat the sweet cravings. But potentially the most effective method is to tax the sugar we consume. It's what several countries have been doing for a while and the UK has recently jumped on the bandwagon, by forcing manufacturers to pay a levy on the high-sugar drinks they sell. It's up to the manufacturers if they pass the cost on to consumers.那么我们可以做些什么来减少糖的摄入量呢？好吧，您可以尝试一些低糖食谱，显然还有替代食物可以帮助我们克服对甜食的渴望。但可能最有效的方法是对我们消耗的糖课税。这是几个国家一段时间以来一直在做的事情，英国最近也加入了这一行列，迫使制造商对他们销售的高糖饮料征税。制造商是否将成本转嫁给消费者取决于制造商。But will it work? University of Bedfordshire nutrition expert Dr Daniel Bailey told BBC Online that: "The increase in tax placed on soft drinks will make products more expensive, but will this actually discourage people from buying them?" Maybe if you're addicted to the stuff, you'd accept paying more to buy it. But in the UK at least, several soft drinks companies have already reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid the tax.但它会起作用吗？贝德福德大学的营养专家丹尼尔·贝利博士告诉 BBC 在线：“对软饮料征收的税款增加将使产品更加昂贵，但这真的会阻止人们购买它们吗？”也许如果你沉迷于这些东西，你会接受支付更多的钱来购买它。但至少在英国，几家软饮料公司已经降低了其产品的含糖量以避免征税。Obviously it's better to do something rather than nothing to help improve the well-being of everyone. But with so many temptations out there, I'm not sure how easy it will be to cure my sweet tooth.显然，做一些事情总比什么都不做来帮助改善每个人的幸福感更好。但是有这么多诱惑，我不确定治愈我的甜食会有多容易。词汇表sweet tooth 对甜食的渴望、喜爱crave 渴求consume（正式）消耗，大量地吃health campaign 健康宣传活动in moderation 适度savoury 咸的dental health 牙齿健康tooth decay 蛀牙，龋齿preventable 可预防的obesity 肥胖diabetes 糖尿病heart disease 心脏疾病liver disease 肝病low-sugar recipe 低糖食谱jumped on the bandwagon 紧跟潮流levy 税款discourage 打消…的念头soft drink 汽水，软饮料well-being 安康temptation 诱惑

Have you ever taken a taxi? In the past, doing so meant finding one, flagging it down and telling the driver where you wanted to go, paying, and possibly, adding a tip. And while this still happens, it’s less common than it used to be. These days, it’s much easier to open a ride-hailing app. All of the boring stuff gets taken care of. It’s a perfect solution!你坐过出租车吗？在过去，这样做意味着找到一个，标记它并告诉司机你想去哪里，支付，并可能添加小费。虽然这种情况仍然会发生，但它不像以前那么常见了。如今，打开打车应用程序要容易得多。所有无聊的事情都得到了照顾。这是一个完美的解决方案！Except that it isn’t. A recent report from urban transport consultant Bruce Schaller, who spent the last four years studying traffic flow in New York, concluded that the use of these app-based journeys is causing traffic jams. The 81% increase in these city-based rides means that there are now five times more of them than the iconic yellow taxicab.但事实并非如此。过去四年研究纽约交通流量的城市交通顾问 Bruce Schaller 最近的一份报告得出的结论是，使用这些基于应用程序的旅程正在造成交通拥堵。这些以城市为基础的游乐设施增加了 81%，这意味着它们现在的数量是标志性的黄色出租车的五倍。“It’s the shift in patronage from public transport,” he told the BBC. For whatever reason, people decide that it’s just too much hassle. “That means moving people from larger vehicles into smaller ones, which means more vehicles to move the same people. Therefore, more traffic.” In addition, the sheer number of cars now looking for a commuter means that they spend 45% of their time empty, just cruising for a fare, and inadvertently clogging up the city’s infrastructure.“这是公共交通的客流量转变，”他告诉 BBC。无论出于何种原因，人们认为这太麻烦了。“这意味着将人员从较大的车辆转移到较小的车辆中，这意味着更多的车辆可以运送相同的人。因此，更多的流量。”此外，现在寻找通勤者的汽车数量之多意味着他们有 45% 的时间是空车，只是为了车费而巡航，并无意中堵塞了城市的基础设施。“They are out there in force at the worst possible times,” said Prof Christo Wilson, a computer scientist at Northeastern University, who has also studied the services. He refers to Uber’s traffic data, which ‘perfectly matches the peaks for the rush hour.’ He also adds that the low fares and convenience mean that people are ordering rides to go from A to B when they wouldn’t normally. Both help contribute to the gridlock.东北大学计算机科学家克里斯托·威尔逊教授说：“他们在最糟糕的时候发挥作用。”他也研究过这些服务。他提到了优步的交通数据，“完美匹配高峰时段的高峰期”。他还补充说，低廉的票价和便利性意味着人们在他们通常不会订购从 A 到 B 的乘车服务。两者都有助于导致僵局。So what can be done to stop traffic from backing up or bottlenecking? One solution involves combining ride-hailing with sharing. Many ride-hailing companies, such as Uber, Didi Chuxing in China and Ola in India enable customers to carpool. This allows travellers who share similar destinations to share the journey. The app enables an en route pickup,which means more streamlined traffic, and less time spent with an empty vehicle.那么可以做些什么来阻止流量备份或瓶颈呢？一种解决方案是将网约车与共享相结合。许多叫车公司，如优步、中国的滴滴出行和印度的 Ola，都允许客户拼车。这允许共享相似目的地的旅行者共享旅程。该应用程序支持在途取货，这意味着更流畅的交通，更少的空车时间。Could this decongest the world’s jam-packed roads? It is certainly one solution. But maybe we shouldn’t be so quick to dismiss the more traditional public transport options. "Congestion is a really complicated issue," said Andrew Salzberg, head of Uber's transport policy. But, “There is no more efficient way to move people around than public transport," he added. So don’t do away with that bus pass just yet.这可以缓解世界上拥挤的道路吗？这当然是一种解决方案。但也许我们不应该这么快就放弃更传统的公共交通选择。“拥堵是一个非常复杂的问题，”优步交通政策负责人安德鲁萨尔茨伯格说。但是，“没有比公共交通更有效的交通方式了，”他补充说。所以暂时不要取消公共汽车通行证。词汇表flag down 挥手拦车ride-hailing 叫车服务traffic flow 交通流量traffic jam 交通堵塞public transport 公共交通vehicle（车辆等）交通工具commuter 通勤者cruise for a fare 慢行寻找一位出租车乘客clog up 使…堵塞infrastructure 基础设施rush hour（上下班）高峰期from A to B 从一个地方到另一个地方gridlock（城市）交通大瘫痪back up 堵车bottleneck 在狭窄路段堵车carpool 拼车destination 目的地en route 在途中的pickup 接人streamline 高效的decongest 减轻、减缓交通拥堵jam-packed 拥挤不堪的、水泄不通的

What do you think of when you hear the word ‘festival’? Is it music? Maybe it’s film. Or could it be food? Food festivals are a common occurrence in the UK and take place in all sorts of places and at all sorts of times: from Taste of London, in Regent’s Park each June to Aldeburgh Food Festival in Suffolk in September. Whatever your taste, there’s a food festival to match – no matter how specialised.当你听到“节日”这个词时，你会想到什么？是音乐吗？也许是电影。或者它可能是食物？美食节在英国很常见，在各种地方和各种时间举行：从每年 6 月在摄政公园举行的伦敦美食节到 9 月在萨福克举行的奥尔德堡美食节。无论您的口味如何，总有一个美食节可以匹配——无论多么专业。Are you a bit of a carnivore? Then why not try Meatopia. This three-day, London-based festival takes place at the end of August and is a meat lover's paradise. In addition to a range of ethically sourced meat products, from juicy burgers to succulent steaks, attendees can listen to live music, watch butchery demos, and attend informal meat-based workshops.你是个肉食动物吗？那为什么不试试 Meatopia。这个为期三天的伦敦节日于八月底举行，是肉食爱好者的天堂。除了一系列符合道德标准的肉类产品，从多汁的汉堡到多汁的牛排，与会者还可以聆听现场音乐、观看屠宰演示，并参加非正式的肉类研讨会。If you prefer a festival that will help you meet your five a day, then Vegfest is for you. This vegan-friendly event takes place in a range of UK venues several times a year. Here you can enjoy a wide selection of freshly prepared vegan food, learn culinary tips and hear talks on nutrition to help you make the most of your plant-based grub.如果您喜欢一个可以帮助您每天满足五个人的节日，那么 Vegfest 适合您。这项对素食主义者友好的活动每年在英国的一系列场所举行几次。在这里，您可以享用各种新鲜烹制的纯素食品，学习烹饪技巧并聆听营养讲座，以帮助您充分利用植物性食物。If that weren’t niche enough, what about a festival that is dedicated solely to marmalade? Held in Cumbria, this tangy, zesty festival of preserves has been running for 13 years. It includes a competition to find the best homemade marmalade. There are thousands of entries from over 30 different countries across the globe.如果这还不够小众，那么一个专门用于果酱的节日呢？在坎布里亚郡举行的这个浓郁、令人兴奋的蜜饯节已经举办了 13 年。它包括一场寻找最好的自制果酱的比赛。有来自全球 30 多个不同国家/地区的数千个参赛作品。If you’d prefer something with a little more kick to it, then you could attend The Ginger and Spice Festival held in Market Drayton. It celebrates its town’s historic connection to Robert Clive, who returned from India with ginger. Because of this, they specialise in baking gingerbread, but also sell a range of artisan spices from mild to hot.如果您更喜欢更刺激的东西，那么您可以参加在 Market Drayton 举办的 The Ginger and Spice Festival。它庆祝该镇与罗伯特·克莱夫 (Robert Clive) 的历史联系，后者带着生姜从印度返回。正因为如此，他们专门烘焙姜饼，但也出售从温和到热的一系列工匠香料。If you have a sweet tooth, then it could be that the National Honey Show, which started in 1921 and is the largest event of its kind, is the place for you to be. This three-day event attracts over 2000 entrants to their traditional competition, and offers lectures and workshops on beekeeping and, of course, that gooey,  syrupy golden nectar, honey.如果您爱吃甜食，那么 1921 年开始的全国蜂蜜展是同类活动中规模最大的一次，可能是您的最佳去处。这个为期三天的活动吸引了 2000 多名参赛者参加他们的传统比赛，并提供有关养蜂业的讲座和研讨会，当然还有那些粘稠的、糖浆般的金色花蜜和蜂蜜。While there’s no accounting for taste, the UK has something to offer most people. From large-scale festivities, to the smaller more amateur gatherings, one thing is certain: people are passionate about their food. And while some of the products on offer might be an acquired taste, when food is given that much attention, it’s unlikely to leave a bad taste in anyone’s mouth.虽然没有考虑品味，但英国可以为大多数人提供一些东西。从大型庆祝活动到规模较小的业余聚会，有一件事是确定的：人们对他们的食物充满热情。虽然提供的一些产品可能是后天习得的味道，但当食物受到如此多的关注时，不太可能在任何人的嘴里留下不好的味道。词汇表taste（个人的）品味carnivore 食肉动物meat lover 爱吃肉的人ethically-sourced “良心供货”，指食品商在采购、制作等过程中重视生产线劳动者工作环境的准则juicy 多汁的succulent 鲜美多汁的five a day（由英国政府倡议的）“每日最少吃五份蔬菜”的饮食标准vegan-friendly（食物）适宜严格素食者食用的；不含任何动物成分的freshly prepared 新鲜配制的culinary 烹调的，烹饪的grub（口语说法）食物marmalade 橘子酱tangy 香浓可口的zesty 果香四溢的preserve（可长期保存的食物）蜜饯，果酱kick（食物、饮料的）刺激，劲儿artisan 以传统方式制作的mild 味道柔和的hot 辛辣的sweet tooth 爱吃甜食的gooey 软而黏的syrupy 甜而粘稠的，糖浆般的there’s no accounting for taste 人和人的口味是不一样的，人各有所好an acquired taste（后天）慢慢养成的嗜好leave a bad taste in one’s mouth 留下不愉快的记忆

There's no doubt that I have a sweet tooth – I crave cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off a bar of chocolate in minutes. I'm sure I'm not alone, the sweet sugary taste is addictive but the big question is, is it bad for me? I think I know the answer!毫无疑问，我爱吃甜食——我想吃蛋糕和饼干，并且可以在几分钟内愉快地吃完一块巧克力。我确信我并不孤单，甜甜的味道让人上瘾，但最大的问题是，它对我有害吗？我想我知道答案了！Sugar is everywhere. Even if sweet stuff isn't your thing it's hard to avoid. In the UK, we consume over two million tonnes of sugar every year but often we don’t know we’re eating it. There have been many health campaigns, telling us about the dangers of consuming too much sugar and we have probably learnt that it should be eaten in moderation but we may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savoury, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.糖无处不在。即使甜食不是你的菜，也很难避免。在英国，我们每年消耗超过 200 万吨糖，但我们常常不知道自己在吃糖。有许多健康运动告诉我们摄入过多糖分的危险，我们可能已经知道应该适量食用，但我们可能没有意识到我们所食用的食物和饮料中添加的糖分健康或美味，例如低脂酸奶和酱汁。The obvious negative effect of eating sugar is on our dental health – tooth decay is a big problem in children, partly caused by drinking too many sugary drinks. Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay. But even if you can escape the dentist's drill, there are more worrying negative effects - repeatedly eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain and even obesity, leading to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and liver disease.吃糖的明显负面影响是对我们的牙齿健康——蛀牙是儿童的一个大问题，部分原因是喝了太多含糖饮料。英格兰公共卫生部声称，由于可预防的蛀牙，英格兰的一名儿童每 10 分钟在医院拔掉一颗牙齿。但即使你能躲过牙医的钻头，还有更令人担忧的负面影响——反复吃太多糖会导致体重增加甚至肥胖，导致患糖尿病、心脏病和肝病的风险增加。So what can we do to cut down on our sugar intake? Well, there are low-sugar recipes you can try and apparently there are alternative foods to help us beat the sweet cravings. But potentially the most effective method is to tax the sugar we consume. It's what several countries have been doing for a while and the UK has recently jumped on the bandwagon, by forcing manufacturers to pay a levy on the high-sugar drinks they sell. It's up to the manufacturers if they pass the cost on to consumers.那么我们可以做些什么来减少糖的摄入量呢？好吧，您可以尝试一些低糖食谱，显然还有替代食物可以帮助我们克服对甜食的渴望。但可能最有效的方法是对我们消耗的糖课税。这是几个国家一段时间以来一直在做的事情，英国最近也加入了这一行列，迫使制造商对他们销售的高糖饮料征税。制造商是否将成本转嫁给消费者取决于制造商。But will it work? University of Bedfordshire nutrition expert Dr Daniel Bailey told BBC Online that: "The increase in tax placed on soft drinks will make products more expensive, but will this actually discourage people from buying them?" Maybe if you're addicted to the stuff, you'd accept paying more to buy it. But in the UK at least, several soft drinks companies have already reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid the tax.但它会起作用吗？贝德福德大学的营养专家丹尼尔·贝利博士告诉 BBC 在线：“对软饮料征收的税款增加将使产品更加昂贵，但这真的会阻止人们购买它们吗？”也许如果你沉迷于这些东西，你会接受支付更多的钱来购买它。但至少在英国，几家软饮料公司已经降低了其产品的含糖量以避免征税。Obviously it's better to do something rather than nothing to help improve the well-being of everyone. But with so many temptations out there, I'm not sure how easy it will be to cure my sweet tooth.显然，做一些事情总比什么都不做来帮助改善每个人的幸福感更好。但是有这么多诱惑，我不确定治愈我的甜食会有多容易。词汇表practical 实用的trendy 时髦的cool 酷的，时髦的，吸引人的the height of fashion 时尚的极致，时尚之巅accessory 配饰must-have 必备的backpack 背包，双肩包shoulder bag 单肩包，挎包style icon 时尚风标on-trend 流行的，时尚的adopt the trend 跟风rock 因穿戴而显得时髦masculinity 男子气概carry a bag 拿/提着一个包effeminate 女性化的，女人气的macho 大男子气概的come at a price 需要付出代价的a hefty price tag 昂贵的标价designer outfit 出自名牌设计师的服装briefcase 公文包

As new technology is introduced, there are many who worry about its impact on our current and future lifestyles – particularly when it comes to jobs. It is a current belief that with the rise of robotics and artificial intelligence, many people’s jobs, and therefore their livelihoods, are likely to be lost to automation. 随着新技术的引入，许多人担心它对我们当前和未来生活方式的影响——尤其是在工作方面。当前的一种观点是，随着机器人技术和人工智能的兴起，许多人的工作以及他们的生计很可能会因自动化而消失。This type of fear isn’t new. In the 19th century, the automated weaving machine was revolutionising the English textiles industry and would contribute to the Industrial Revolution. When manual workers became redundant, it sparked protests at the loss of their vocation.这种恐惧并不新鲜。在 19 世纪，自动织机正在彻底改变英国纺织业，并将为工业革命做出贡献。当体力劳动者变得多余时，引发了对失去职业的抗议。Automation in the work place is nothing new. Machines have been performing menial tasks on our behalf for years, allowing us to escape the drudgery that accompanies many repetitive jobs. In fact, the International Federation of Robotics states that in manufacturing on average there are now 74 robots per 10,000 employees. That has risen from 66 in 2015.工作场所的自动化并不是什么新鲜事。多年来，机器一直在为我们执行琐碎的任务，使我们能够摆脱许多重复性工作所带来的苦差事。事实上，国际机器人联合会指出，现在制造业平均每 10,000 名员工拥有 74 台机器人。这比 2015 年的 66 个有所上升。General Manager of Digital Customer Engagement Solutions at tech firm Nuance, Bernard Louvat, believes that ‘AI is a big threat to low-skilled jobs, no question.’ He also thinks that AI chatbots will oust most call centre staff within a decade. When you consider that a large telecoms company like AT&T employs around 100,000 call centre staff, that’s a lot of people on the dole.科技公司 Nuance 的数字客户参与解决方案总经理 Bernard Louvat 认为，“毫无疑问，人工智能是对低技能工作的一大威胁。”他还认为，人工智能聊天机器人将在十年内驱逐大多数呼叫中心工作人员。当你考虑到像 AT&T 这样的大型电信公司雇佣了大约 100,000 名呼叫中心员工时，很多人都在失业。And that’s just one industry. A recent report from the McKinsey Global Institute, a private sector think tank, states that nearly two thirds of all jobs could have at least 30% of their activities automated by 2030.这只是一个行业。私营部门智库麦肯锡全球研究所最近的一份报告指出，到 2030 年，近三分之二的工作岗位可能至少有 30% 的活动实现自动化。However, McKinsey also believes that this new technology will also ‘create new occupations that do not exist today, much as technologies in the past have done.’ As the horse gave way to the car, hostlers became mechanics and mechanised manufacturing drove up wages and created more long-term roles than it destroyed. In fact, figures from the World Bank have shown that despite a 2.2 billion rise in population between 1991 and 2017, global unemployment has fallen by 0.3%.然而，麦肯锡也认为，这项新技术还将“创造出今天不存在的新职业，就像过去的技术一样。”随着马让位于汽车，房东变成了机械师，机械化制造推高了工资和创造的长期角色多于破坏的角色。事实上，世界银行的数据显示，尽管 1991 年至 2017 年间人口增加了 22 亿，但全球失业率却下降了 0.3%。‘It’s an evolution of work’ says Ian Barkin, co-founder of Symphony Ventures, a robotic process automation specialist. As low-skilled jobs are taken on by AI, people will need to learn new skills. ‘This calls on us to focus on up-skilling, Technology can lead to job reductions but it doesn’t have to,’ says Barkin.“这是工作的演变”，机器人过程自动化专家 Symphony Ventures 的联合创始人伊恩·巴金 (Ian Barkin) 说。随着人工智能从事低技能工作，人们将需要学习新技能。“这要求我们专注于提高技能，技术可以导致裁员，但并非必须如此，”巴金说。Whether or not robotics and AI will leave us all jobless remains to be seen. Current views on the subject are mixed. Increased automation could indeed lead to a loss of some jobs, but at the same time is likely to create many more as new skills are required. Will they balance out? I’ll get my AI assistant to get back to you on that one.机器人技术和人工智能是否会让我们所有人失业还有待观察。目前对该主题的看法参差不齐。自动化程度的提高确实会导致一些工作岗位的流失，但与此同时，由于需要新技能，可能会创造更多工作岗位。他们会平衡吗？我会让我的 AI 助手回复你。词汇表livelihood 生计redundant 失业的，被裁员的vocation 工作menial（工作）枯燥的、不体面的，带贬义drudgery 苦工，辛苦乏味的工作repetitive 单调重复的employee 公司员工，雇员low-skilled job 低技能工作oust 赶走、夺取staff 全体工作人员on the dole （英式表达）靠领取救济金生活industry 行业、产业occupation 职业wage（尤指给体力劳动者支付的）工钱、报酬role 工作take on 承担（一份工作）up-skill （通过培训）提升技能jobless  失业的

How long does it take you to fall asleep? Are you out like a light as soon as your head hits the pillow, or does it take you more than a little time to doze off?你需要多长时间才能入睡？当你的头撞到枕头上时，你是不是像灯一样亮了起来，还是你需要一点时间才能打瞌睡？If the average night’s sleep is eight hours, or a third of a day, then it means we spend around one third of our lives in this dormant state. Science already has reams of data on the brain’s activity during sleep itself. Now, an international group of researchers at the University of Cambridge are researching that dopey state we all go through between wide awake and fast asleep.如果每晚的平均睡眠时间为八小时，或一天的三分之一，那么这意味着我们大约三分之一的生命都处于这种休眠状态。科学已经拥有大量关于睡眠期间大脑活动的数据。现在，剑桥大学的一个国际研究小组正在研究我们在完全清醒和熟睡之间所经历的那种昏昏欲睡的状态。This transitional period usually lasts between five and 20 minutes, says Sridhar Rajan Jagannathan, one of Cambridge’s Gates Scholars. However, people exhibit a variety of behaviour within this time. For some, going to the land of nod is a smooth, quick journey, while others have more difficulty. They “begin to get drowsy” and then snap out of it “back to alertness” he says.剑桥盖茨学者之一斯里达尔·拉詹·贾甘纳坦说，这个过渡期通常持续 5 到 20 分钟。然而，人们在这段时间内表现出各种各样的行为。对一些人来说，前往点头之地是一段顺利、快速的旅程，而另一些人则困难重重。他说，他们“开始昏昏欲睡”，然后“恢复警觉”。The aim of the research is to find out how this pre-sleep phase, when the eyes glaze, the attention wanders and the mind is lulled, could be linked to accidents and dangerous mistakes. This could happen during the day while at work. “If you’re doing some boring task, you might be drowsy in this period. Small drift-offs can cause big problems,” says Mr Jangannathan. This is not just connected to safety concerns with driving, for example, but any task where concentration and decision making are important.这项研究的目的是找出这个睡前阶段，当眼睛呆滞、注意力分散、头脑昏昏沉沉时，如何与事故和危险的错误联系起来。这可能在白天工作时发生。“如果你在做一些无聊的工作，这段时间你可能会昏昏欲睡。小的漂移会导致大问题，”Jangannathan 先生说。例如，这不仅与驾驶的安全问题有关，还与注意力和决策很重要的任何任务有关。There are positive sides to this hypnagogic period too. Some experts think there is a connection to creativity and imagination. This is caused by a reduction in your inhibitions, which makes you more creative. You have more freedom to express yourself, and you’re more willing to make mistakes. It certainly seems to support the old adage of sleeping on it to solve a problem.这个催眠期也有积极的一面。一些专家认为这与创造力和想象力有关。这是由于你的抑制减少了，这让你更有创造力。你有更多表达自己的自由，你更愿意犯错误。它似乎支持了“睡在上面来解决问题”这句古老的格言。Ultimately, there are hopes that research into brain activity during falling asleep and waking might help stroke victims who are trying to regain lost physical functions. That could well be a pipe dream. There are also research efforts underway to find ways to warn of the onset of sleep, identifying changes in eye movements or brain activity. These could have practical applications for tired people operating heavy machinery and may help ensure that when it comes to accidents, we’re not caught napping.最终，希望研究入睡和醒来期间的大脑活动可能有助于中风患者试图恢复失去的身体功能。那很可能是白日梦。还有一些研究正在进行中，以寻找警告睡眠开始的方法，识别眼球运动或大脑活动的变化。这些可能对操作重型机械的疲倦的人有实际应用，并可能有助于确保在发生事故时，我们不会被困在打盹。词汇表out like a light 迅速入睡doze off 入睡dormant 休眠的，沉睡的dopey 迷迷糊糊的wide awake 完全清醒的fast asleep 熟睡的the land of nod 在睡梦中drowsy 半梦半醒的，睡意朦胧的snap out of it 从…迅速恢复过来alertness 清醒glaze 发呆，（眼神）变呆滞lull 使发困， 使安静drift-off 渐渐入睡hypnagogic 催眠的，入睡前的sleeping on it 考虑一晚上，把…留到第二天再作决定pipe dream 白日梦catch someone napping 使某人措手不及、猝不及防

Millions of us grab a coffee on our way to work. And when we do, it probably comes served in a branded, disposable, cardboard coffee cup. Once the coffee is done, just pop the cup into a recycling bin and forget about it. The cup will be taken away and turned into a new one for you to use again tomorrow. The system works, right?数以百万计的人在上班的路上喝杯咖啡。当我们这样做时，它可能会装在一个品牌的一次性纸板咖啡杯中。咖啡煮好后，只需将杯子放入回收箱即可，然后忘记它。杯子会被拿走，变成一个新的，让你明天再用。系统有效，对吧？There’s a hitch. In the UK, we throw away an estimated 2.5 billion disposable coffee cups every year. And despite being recyclable in theory, in practice only very few of them are dealt with in a way that makes them sustainable. This makes them a bit of an obstacle. What throws a spanner in the works is the layer of polyethylene that makes the cup waterproof, and the lid, which is most often made of polystyrene. As a result, most of the cups end up in landfill.有一个障碍。在英国，我们每年丢弃大约 25 亿个一次性咖啡杯。尽管理论上是可回收的，但在实践中，只有极少数以可持续的方式处理。这使他们有点障碍。在作品中使用扳手的是使杯子防水的聚乙烯层和通常由聚苯乙烯制成的盖子。结果，大多数杯子最终被填埋。But there are efforts underway to tackle this issue. One company, Biome Bioplastics, has come up with a fully compostable, recyclable cup that uses natural materials, such as potato starch, as waterproofing. Mr Mines, its chief executive, believes that this is the first time bioplastic has been used for disposable cups and lids that have to cope with hot liquid. And they're still fully recyclable.但正在努力解决这个问题。一家名为 Biome Bioplastics 的公司提出了一种完全可堆肥、可回收的杯子，该杯子使用马铃薯淀粉等天然材料作为防水材料。其首席执行官 Mines 先生认为，这是首次将生物塑料用于必须应对高温液体的一次性杯子和盖子。而且它们仍然是完全可回收的。Another feasible solution has been proposed by Frugalpac, who have patented a cup with a lightly-attached plastic lining. This can be easily separated during the recycling and ‘offers a more pragmatic solution' than changing our current recycling habits, says Frugalpac’s founder Martin Myerscough.Frugalpac 提出了另一种可行的解决方案，他们为带有轻微连接塑料衬里的杯子申请了专利。Frugalpac 的创始人 Martin Myerscough 说，这可以在回收过程中轻松分离，并且比改变我们当前的回收习惯“提供更实用的解决方案”。Safia Qureshi says India has provided the inspiration for her solution. She puts forward that we use returnable and reusable cups, which are tracked and collected by her company Cup Club. They will be responsible for collecting, washing and redistributing the clean cups to participating retailers.Safia Qureshi 说印度为她的解决方案提供了灵感。她提出我们使用可回收和可重复使用的杯子，这些杯子由她的公司杯子俱乐部跟踪和收集。他们将负责收集、清洗干净的杯子并将其重新分发给参与的零售商。One final example of lateral thinking comes from Cupffee. This trio from Bulgaria have combined cereals to form a cup which can be eaten once the drink is finished. It is apparently sweet and crisp, can hold a coffee for up to 40 minutes and will biodegrade within weeks.横向思维的最后一个例子来自 Cupffee。这个来自保加利亚的三人组合将谷物组合成一个杯子，一旦喝完就可以食用。它显然又甜又脆，可以容纳长达 40 分钟的咖啡，并且会在数周内生物降解。Whether any of these innovative ideas are a perfect fit for this disposable issue, only time will tell. It’s possible that a more viable solution has yet to be ventured, though it may not be long in coming. All it may require is a little more thinking outside the box… or should that be coffee cup?这些创新想法中的任何一个是否非常适合这个一次性问题，只有时间会证明一切。一个更可行的解决方案可能还没有被冒险，尽管它可能很快就会到来。它可能需要的只是更多地跳出框框思考……还是应该是咖啡杯？词汇表hitch 小问题in theory 理论上obstacle 障碍throw a spanner in the works 从中捣乱，打乱计划tackle 解决，处理issue 问题come up with 提出、想出（主意）feasible 行得通的，可行的propose 提出offer a solution 给出解决方案pragmatic 实用的，重实效的inspiration 灵感put forward 提出（建议、想法等）lateral thinking 横向思维，发散式思维perfect fit 完美的答案viable 可行的，可望成功的venture 冒险去做，大胆尝试thinking outside the box 以新的眼光看问题，跳出传统思维框架

Have you ever had a stressful day? Many people do in the course of their daily lives. And on these high-pressure days, they might find themselves reaching for a sugary snack. Perhaps this is part of their daily routine. Or perhaps on this particular day, their self-control is a bit low and they feel compelled to take a sugar hit.你有过紧张的一天吗？许多人在日常生活中都会这样做。在这些高压日子里，他们可能会发现自己正在寻找含糖零食。也许这是他们日常生活的一部分。或者也许在这个特定的日子，他们的自控力有点低，他们觉得不得不吃糖。Stress is natural. That feeling of strain or pressure is a biological response, and under the right circumstances can be a great source of motivation. However, too much stress, especially chronic stress, has been linked to sleep disruption, a higher likelihood of a stroke, heart-attack, ulcer or depression, among other things.  But why should stress make a person comfort eat?压力是自然的。这种紧张或压力的感觉是一种生理反应，在适当的情况下可以成为动力的重要来源。然而，过多的压力，尤其是慢性压力，与睡眠中断、中风、心脏病、溃疡或抑郁症的可能性增加等有关。但是，为什么压力要让人安心吃饭呢？Dr Giles Yeo, a member of the BBC’s Trust Me, I’m a Doctor team, got together with scientists from Leeds University to conduct an experiment into the effect of stress on blood sugar. Dr Yeo was subjected to a stress test. In the first stage, he was forced to answer mathematical questions rapidly. In the second, he had to immerse his hand in a bath of ice-cold water for a period of time.Giles Yeo 博士是 BBC 的“信任我，我是医生”团队的成员，他与利兹大学的科学家们一起进行了一项关于压力对血糖影响的实验。Yeo 博士接受了压力测试。在第一阶段，他被迫快速回答数学问题。第二次，他不得不将手浸入冰冷的水浴中一段时间。Before and after these tests, the Leeds scientists would measure Dr Yeo’s blood sugar levels. These are the levels which rise when we eat as our body takes in the energy of the food. In a healthy person, these levels quickly return to normal. However, when Dr Yeo was being deliberately subjected to stress, his blood sugar took six times longer to drop than on a stress-free day.在这些测试之前和之后，利兹科学家将测量 Yeo 博士的血糖水平。当我们的身体吸收食物的能量时，这些水平会上升。在一个健康的人中，这些水平很快就会恢复正常。然而，当 Yeo 医生故意承受压力时，他的血糖下降时间是没有压力的一天的六倍。When we become stressed, our bodies enter ‘fight or flight’ mode. Because our body believes it’s under attack, it releases glucose into the blood to provide energy for muscles. However, if we don’t use that energy, our body then releases insulin to make the blood sugar levels drop. This drop causes a hunger response: you want to eat. And what you particularly crave is sugary food, which rapidly replenishes the energy you have lost. If this happens repeatedly, over a long enough period, these high-calorie foods can lead to obesity.当我们感到压力时，我们的身体会进入“战斗或逃跑”模式。因为我们的身体认为自己受到了攻击，所以它会将葡萄糖释放到血液中，为肌肉提供能量。然而，如果我们不使用这种能量，我们的身体就会释放胰岛素，使血糖水平下降。这种下降会引起饥饿反应：你想吃东西。而你特别渴望的是含糖食物，它能迅速补充你失去的能量。如果这种情况反复发生，在足够长的时间内，这些高热量食物会导致肥胖。So what can we do to combat the stress? In an article for the BBC, Dr Michael Mosley recommends ‘stress-busting’ techniques, like exercise, gardening, mindfulness or another activities that you enjoy. But his strongest recommendation is trying to get a good night’s sleep. A recent study carried out by researchers at King's College, London found that if you deprived people of sleep, they would consume, on average, an extra 385kcal per day, which is equivalent to the calories in a large muffin. So, try sleeping to decrease stress, and as a result make it easier to keep yourself a little trimmer.那么我们能做些什么来对抗压力呢？在 BBC 的一篇文章中，Michael Mosley 博士推荐了“消除压力”的技巧，比如锻炼、园艺、正念或其他你喜欢的活动。但他最强烈的建议是尽量睡个好觉。伦敦国王学院的研究人员最近进行的一项研究发现，如果你剥夺人们的睡眠，他们平均每天会多消耗 385 卡路里，这相当于一个大松饼的卡路里。所以，试着睡觉来减轻压力，从而让自己更容易保持苗条。词汇表sugary snack 含糖的零食self-control 自控力compelled 不得不地a sugar hit 由糖带来的一时的刺激chronic stress 慢性压力，长期不断的压力sleep disruption 睡眠中断stroke 中风heart-attack 心脏病发作ulcer 溃疡depression 抑郁，忧郁comfort eat 安慰性饮食blood sugar 血糖stress-free 无压力的glucose 葡萄糖insulin 胰岛素high-calorie 高热量的obesity 肥胖combat stress 克服、对抗压力stress-busting 减压的keep yourself trimmer 使你保持苗条身材

No one knows how long humans have been giving themselves names, but one thing is sure: surnames are a much more recent idea than given names. In Europe, surnames were developed to distinguish between individuals who had the same moniker. They were brought to the UK by the French nobility following the Norman Conquest around the 12th century and became common around the 14th century.没有人知道人类给自己起名字已经有多久了，但有一点是肯定的：姓氏是一个比名字更近的概念。在欧洲，姓氏被用来区分拥有相同绰号的个人。它们在 12 世纪左右的诺曼征服后由法国贵族带到英国，并在 14 世纪左右变得普遍。Another tradition that the Normans introduced was that of coverture. This was a law which said that a woman became a man's property when they got married. In those days, only a man could be the head of the family and allowed to own property. At this point the bride lost her maiden name. Over time, this has led to the tradition that upon marriage a woman relinquishes her maiden name and takes on her new husband’s family name.诺曼人引入的另一个传统是隐蔽。这是一条法律，规定女人结婚后成为男人的财产。在那个年代，只有男人才能成为一家之主，才能拥有财产。在这一点上，新娘失去了她的娘家姓。随着时间的推移，这导致了一个传统，即女性在结婚后放弃她的婚前姓氏并采用她新丈夫的姓氏。Fast forward to the present. These days a woman choosing not to change her name to match her husband’s after marriage has long been a norm. The first recorded case is widely believed to be an American suffragette called Lucy Stone. When she got married in 1855, she refused to take her husband's name. After that, other ideas such as merging and double-barrelling also became common.快进到现在。如今，一个女人在婚后选择不改名以匹配丈夫的名字早已成为一种常态。人们普遍认为第一个记录的案例是一位名叫露西斯通的美国女权主义者。当她在 1855 年结婚时，她拒绝使用丈夫的名字。之后，合并、双管齐下等其他思路也开始流行起来。However, it would seem that a new trend is arising. One in ten millennial males is now electing to replace their surname with their wife’s. That's according to a recent study of 2000 UK adults by Opinium, a strategic insight agency. In a BBC article, Rory Dearlove née Cook, explained that for him it wasn’t important to keep his surname. He thought it would be nice for his wife and him to have the same last name. The bride, Lucy, had made it clear before getting married that she had no intention of changing hers, but thought that he would keep his too. “He's entitled to keep his just as I am entitled to keep mine,” she commented.然而，似乎正在出现一种新的趋势。十分之一的千禧一代男性现在选择用妻子的姓氏代替他们的姓氏。这是根据战略洞察机构 Opinium 最近对 2000 名英国成年人进行的一项研究得出的。在 BBC 的一篇文章中，Rory Dearlove née Cook 解释说，对他来说，保留姓氏并不重要。他认为他的妻子和他有相同的姓氏会很好。新娘露西在结婚前就明确表示，她无意改变自己的，但认为他也会保留自己的。“他有权保留他的，就像我有权保留我的一样，”她评论道。Other men had different reasons. Charlie Shaw, dubbed 'Morley' at birth, explained that it was, “a gesture of allegiance and an opportunity to acknowledge the unseen patriarchal bias and sexism in our society.” It’s worth noting that, in the UK at least, only the fathers of the couple being married are on the marriage certificate. The mothers do not appear at all.其他男人有不同的原因。出生时被称为“莫利”的查理·肖解释说，这是“一种忠诚的姿态，也是一个承认我们社会中看不见的父权偏见和性别歧视的机会。”值得注意的是，至少在英国，结婚证上只有夫妻双方的父亲。妈妈们根本没有出现。However, not everyone is in favour of altering tradition. Rachel Robnett, a researcher at the University of Nevada, surveyed a number of people in the US and UK and found that a man whose wife keeps her maiden name is viewed as ‘feminine’, while the woman was believed to ‘wear the trousers’. And when one family found out that their son was to take his wife’s name, they refused to attend the wedding. To them it was proof that he was totally under the thumb.然而，并不是每个人都赞成改变传统。内华达大学的研究员雷切尔·罗伯内特（Rachel Robnett）对美国和英国的一些人进行了调查，发现妻子保留婚前姓氏的男人被视为“女性化”，而女人被认为“穿裤子” .当一个家庭发现他们的儿子要取他妻子的名字时，他们拒绝参加婚礼。对他们来说，这证明他完全处于掌控之中。‘What’s in a name?’ Shakespeare asked in Romeo and Juliet. It would seem, depending on who you talk to, a great deal. Whether maintaining traditional naming conventions, keeping the surname, or swapping names, these days at least there is a choice to be made.“名字里有什么？”莎士比亚在《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中问道。取决于您与谁交谈，这似乎很重要。无论是保持传统的命名约定、保留姓氏还是交换名字，如今至少可以做出选择。词汇表surname 姓，同“family name”given name 名moniker 人名、绰号maiden name（女性婚前的）娘家姓family name 姓，同“surname”take her husband’s name 随夫姓merge 合并组成to double barrel 双方联姓的née（已婚女性的姓氏后标注的）原姓keep one’s surname 保持某人的原姓dub 称…为，叫作take his wife’s name 随妇姓naming convention 命名惯例swap name 替换名字

There's an old riddle used by psychologists which shows the gender bias people have when it comes to the types of jobs men and women do. Let's see if you can do it: A father and son are in an accident. The father dies. The surgeon refuses to operate on the injured boy saying, "The boy is my son." Can you explain?心理学家使用了一个古老的谜语，它显示了人们在涉及男性和女性从事的工作类型时的性别偏见。让我们看看你能不能做到：一对父子出事了。父亲死了。外科医生拒绝为受伤的男孩做手术，并说：“这个男孩是我的儿子。”你可以解释吗？According to research done in 2012 by Mikaela Wapman and Deborah Belle at the University of Boston, only 14% of those surveyed were able to imagine that a surgeon could be a woman.根据波士顿大学 Mikaela Wapman 和 Deborah Belle 在 2012 年所做的研究，只有 14% 的受访者能够想象外科医生可能是女性。Stereotypes about who should do what type of job are mirrored in the makeup of the workforce. For example, the BBC recently reported that only 10% of UK engineers are women. That's the lowest in Europe, where most other countries put the figure at around 20%. That’s still only a fifth. And it’s not just engineering either. In August 2017, Prof Polly Arnold of Edinburgh University found that only 10% of the top jobs in Scottish science, technology, engineering and mathematics are held by women.关于谁应该做什么类型的工作的刻板印象反映在劳动力的构成中。例如，英国广播公司最近报道称，只有 10% 的英国工程师是女性。这是欧洲最低的，大多数其他国家都认为这个数字在 20% 左右。那仍然只有五分之一。它也不仅仅是工程。2017 年 8 月，爱丁堡大学的波莉·阿诺德教授发现，在苏格兰科学、技术、工程和数学领域，只有 10% 的顶级职位由女性担任。So why is it that women don't go into scientific jobs? Sophie, a girl from a school in Hertfordshire, England, who studied engineering at secondary school, says, "It starts at a young age… girls are put in a corner with a doll while boys play with trucks and cars."那么为什么女性不从事科学工作呢？来自英格兰赫特福德郡一所学校的女孩苏菲在中学学习工程学，她说：“从很小的时候就开始了……女孩和洋娃娃一起被关在角落里，而男孩则玩卡车和汽车。”There's also the lack of female role models.  “I don’t think they get as much visibility as they deserve,” says Priyanka Dhopade, one of the Women’s Engineering Society top 50 under-35 women engineers. She says that it would make a huge difference for young girls to have someone to look up to and say ‘I want to be like her.’还缺乏女性榜样。“我认为她们没有得到应有的知名度，”女性工程学会前 50 名 35 岁以下女性工程师之一的普里扬卡·多帕德 (Priyanka Dhopade) 说。她说，对于年轻女孩来说，有人可以仰望并说“我想像她一样”，这将产生巨大的变化。Regardless of their lack of visibility, a number of pioneering women have paved the way to amazing discoveries. Let us not forget Marie Curie, whose groundbreaking work made her the first Nobel Prize winner in two different fields: physics and chemistry. There's Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli, who overcame any number of cultural prejudices to play a key role in the discovery of the Higgs-Boson particle. And Soyeon Yi, who became the first South Korean astronaut in 2008, and who hoped her success would inspire more women.尽管缺乏知名度，但许多具有开拓精神的女性已经为惊人的发现铺平了道路。让我们不要忘记居里夫人，她的开创性工作使她成为物理学和化学两个不同领域的第一位诺贝尔奖获得者。Rajaa Cherkaoui El Moursli 克服了许多文化偏见，在发现希格斯-玻色子粒子方面发挥了关键作用。还有 2008 年成为第一位韩国宇航员的 Soyeon Yi，她希望她的成功能够激励更多女性。Quite clearly, women have made momentous contributions to science, technology and engineering. If these achievements were more celebrated, it may encourage girls and young women to consider science as their future career. And as more women start to do these jobs, more people might instantly recognise that the surgeon in the riddle is a woman.很明显，女性为科学、技术和工程做出了重大贡献。如果这些成就得到更多庆祝，它可能会鼓励女孩和年轻女性将科学视为她们未来的职业。随着越来越多的女性开始从事这些工作，更多的人可能会立即认识到谜语中的外科医生是女性。词汇表gender bias 性别歧视surgeon 外科医生stereotype 成见makeup of the workforce 劳动力的组成engineering 工程学scientific job 与科学有关的工作female role model 女性的榜样visibility 可见性，暴光look up to 敬重，仰慕pioneering 先锋的，前卫的pave the way 为…创造条件，为…铺平道路groundbreaking 具有开创性的，创新的physics 物理chemistry 化学prejudice 偏见，歧视play a key role 扮演重要的角色，起关键的作用astronaut 航天员

Going to the gym can be something that many people find a gruelling experience. It takes time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tedious. Most weight-related exercises are a combination of sets and reps. In order to see any significant change from any one exercise, it will probably need to be repeated six to eight times, for a minimum of three sets, for about three months. Then there's cardio. For some, there's nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill.去健身房可能是许多人觉得很累的经历。这需要时间和精力，经常会很痛，而且非常乏味。大多数与体重相关的练习都是组数和次数的组合。为了看到任何一项练习的任何显着变化，可能需要重复六到八次，至少三组，持续大约三个月。然后是有氧运动。对一些人来说，没有什么比在跑步机上跑无数英里更无聊的了。But what if there were a way to alleviate the boredom of exercise while still getting a good work out? Luckily for us, there’s virtual reality.但是，如果有一种方法可以减轻运动的无聊感，同时还能进行良好的锻炼呢？对我们来说幸运的是，有虚拟现实。In the past, “playing video games was a sedentary experience,” says Jo Stauffer of the VR Health Institute, “but VR changes all of that". He says that the room-scale experience engages your body in full.过去，“玩电子游戏是一种久坐不动的体验，”VR 健康研究所的 Jo Stauffer 说，“但 VR 改变了这一切”。他说，房间规模的体验会让你的身体完全投入。Many VR games are played while standing. In order to play properly, the player is forced to move around swinging their arms or using their legs. After an hour of this on a regular enough basis, it’s not surprising that many people unexpectedly find themselves a little fitter. There are already a number of virtual reality games which, deliberately or not, result in their player ‘getting a good sweat on’ if played for enough time. For example, there’s a first person shooter which forces the player to sidestep, duck and dodge incoming projectiles. That’s cardio. Or there’s a music game which forces players to shadowbox in order to hit the notes – that’s an upper-body workout.许多VR游戏都是站着玩的。为了正常比赛，玩家被迫挥动手臂或用腿四处移动。经常这样一个小时后，许多人意外地发现自己变得更健康了也就不足为奇了。已经有许多虚拟现实游戏，无论是否有意，如果玩了足够的时间，他们的玩家就会“大汗淋漓”。例如，有一个第一人称射击游戏，它迫使玩家回避、躲避和躲避来袭的射弹。那是有氧运动。或者有一个音乐游戏迫使玩家使用影子盒来敲击音符——这是一种上身锻炼。The potential for VR to help people get fit has been noticed by one company. They want to take the whole experience into the gym. They are making a bespoke resistance machine, designed to be used in combination with a VR headset. Players challenge a virtual opponent in a series of games, which results in a 30-minute full-body work out. However, the cost of the equipment is expensive and there are safety concerns to be worked out, says J P Gownder from the consultancy Forrester. So don’t hang up your gym shorts just yet.一家公司已经注意到 VR 帮助人们健身的潜力。他们想把整个体验带入健身房。他们正在制造一种定制的阻力机器，旨在与 VR 耳机结合使用。玩家在一系列游戏中挑战虚拟对手，进行 30 分钟的全身锻炼。然而，咨询公司 Forrester 的 J P Gownder 表示，设备成本昂贵，并且存在安全问题需要解决。所以暂时不要挂掉你的运动短裤。Although it’s early days, for those of us who struggle to overcome the tedium of exercise, a new solution could be coming. And a world where a person can exercise and have fun at the same time might be something that many people would want – virtual or not.虽然现在还为时尚早，但对于我们这些努力克服乏味运动的人来说，一个新的解决方案可能即将到来。一个人可以同时锻炼和娱乐的世界可能是许多人想要的——无论是否虚拟。词汇表a gruelling experience 一个使人精疲力尽的艰苦经历tedious 单调乏味的weight-related exercises 重量练习set（一）组（练习）rep（一个）重复（动作）cardio 有氧运动treadmill 跑步机work out 锻炼身体sedentary 久坐不动的swing 挥动fit 健康的get a sweat on 做一段高强度的运动sidestep 侧向跨步duck 猛低头（躲避）dodge 闪躲shadowbox 与假想敌人作拳击练习upper-body 上半身resistance machine 对抗器材full-body 全身的don’t hang up your gym shorts “挂起健身时穿的短裤”，放弃

Do you like to start your day with a cup of joe? Well, you wouldn’t be alone. Millions of people from all over the world brew a cup of coffee first thing in the morning, or at any time of day, for that matter. Do you make it yourself, using instant coffee? Or, if you are a coffee connoisseur, perhaps you use freshly ground beans. Do you take it straight? With a dash of milk? Or maybe even some chocolate sprinkles? Or, failing all of that, maybe you’d rather pay a barista in a cafe to whip one up for you.你喜欢以一杯乔开始新的一天吗？好吧，你不会孤单。来自世界各地的数百万人在早上或一天中的任何时间第一件事就是煮一杯咖啡。你自己做，用速溶咖啡吗？或者，如果您是咖啡鉴赏家，也许您会使用现磨的咖啡豆。你直截了当吗？加一点牛奶？或者甚至一些巧克力洒？或者，如果这一切都失败了，也许你宁愿花钱请咖啡馆里的咖啡师帮你调制一杯。Cafes are everywhere these days, offering as many varieties of coffee as there are ways to have it served. And this leads to a range of prices, from cheap grab-and-go coffee, to the ultra-expensive artisanal coffee. However, an increasing number of Western consumers are happy to pay a little over the odds for their cup in order to ensure that it comes from an ethically produced and sustainable source.如今，咖啡馆随处可见，提供的咖啡种类繁多，供应方式多种多样。这导致了一系列价格，从便宜的外带咖啡到超昂贵的手工咖啡。然而，越来越多的西方消费者乐于为他们的杯子支付更高的赔率，以确保它来自合乎道德的生产和可持续的来源。At The Attendant, a cafe in east London, staff attempt to make customers aware of the story of the beans that they are drinking and the impact they are having by choosing to drink ethically. For a start, it can make coffee farmers up to three-and-a-half times better off, according to figures from the UN’s World Intellectual Property Organisation (Wipo). Ryan de Oliveria, The Attendant's co-founder and chief executive, says the extra income allows farmers and their families to have a better quality of life. It also makes investing or reinvesting in their business possible.在伦敦东部的 The Attendant 咖啡馆，工作人员试图让顾客了解他们所喝咖啡豆的故事，以及他们选择以合乎道德的方式饮酒所产生的影响。根据联合国世界知识产权组织 (Wipo) 的数据，首先，它可以让咖啡种植者的收入提高三倍半。The Attendant 的联合创始人兼首席执行官 Ryan de Oliveria 表示，额外的收入可以让农民及其家人拥有更好的生活质量。这也使得对他们的业务进行投资或再投资成为可能。Wipo’s figures show smarter processing, branding and marketing make a huge difference to the growers and their communities. Technology now means that the beans can be tracked all the way from the farm to the cup. The research shows that for a pound (454g) of beans going to a supermarket, the export price is $1.45. Most of this goes to the farmer. The price almost doubles when the beans are headed for large western coffee chains. But farmers exporting their beans to artisanal cafes make over $5 per pound. That's because the coffee aficionados who frequent these places are happy to pay more.Wipo 的数据显示，更智能的加工、品牌和营销对种植者及其社区产生了巨大影响。现在的技术意味着可以跟踪从农场到杯子的所有咖啡豆。研究表明，一磅（454 克）豆子进入超市，出口价格为 1.45 美元。其中大部分归农民所有。当这些咖啡豆流向大型西方咖啡连锁店时，价格几乎翻了一番。但将豆子出口到手工咖啡馆的农民每磅收入超过 5 美元。那是因为经常光顾这些地方的咖啡爱好者乐于支付更多费用。It seems that it’s a win-win situation for the farmers, cafes and consumers. So much so that more established coffee businesses are jumping on the band wagon by buying up artisanal rivals who have already embraced this way of doing things. If that’s the case, then the future of coffee production looks a little fairer for all. And that’s something that should get anyone up on the right side of bed. 对于农民、咖啡馆和消费者来说，这似乎是一个双赢的局面。如此之多，以至于更多成熟的咖啡企业通过收购已经接受这种做事方式的手工竞争对手来加入潮流。如果是这样的话，那么咖啡生产的未来对所有人来说都会更加公平。这应该让任何人在床的右侧站起来。词汇表a cup of joe 咖啡brew 煮（咖啡）instant coffee 速溶咖啡connoisseur 行家ground（grind 的过去式和过去分词）磨碎beans（咖啡）豆straight 不掺加其他东西的，纯的a dash of milk 一点儿牛奶chocolate sprinkles （洒在咖啡上的）巧克力粉barista 咖啡厅服务员whip (one) up 做（一杯咖啡）grab-and-go “拿上就走”，外带artisanal coffee 匠人咖啡ethically 有道德地sustainable 可持续的，能长期维持的coffee farmer 咖啡农场主process 加工、处理方法grower 种植户pound 磅（重量单位，1磅约等于454 克）aficionado 酷爱…的人jump on the band wagon 跟风，随大流

When you were at school, the last thing you probably wanted to do was spend your weekends going to work. There was homework to do, sport to play and fun to be had. But our parents probably persuaded us to find a job to earn some money and get some life experience. When I was a teenager I had a paper round: delivering newspapers to people's homes. I then progressed to a Saturday job in a supermarket: stacking shelves and working at the checkout.当你在学校时，你可能想做的最后一件事就是周末去上班。有功课要做，有运动可以玩，有乐趣。但是我们的父母可能会说服我们找一份工作来赚钱并获得一些生活经验。当我还是个青少年的时候，我有一个报纸：把报纸送到人们家中。然后，我进入了超市的周六工作：堆放货架并在收银台工作。Today in the UK you are allowed to work from the age of 13, and many children do take up part-time jobs. It's one of those things that is seen almost as a rite of passage. It's a taste of independence and sometimes a useful thing to put on your CV. Teenagers agree that it teaches valuable lessons about working with adults and also about managing your money. So, that's no bad thing!今天在英国，你可以从 13 岁开始工作，许多孩子确实从事兼职工作。这是几乎被视为一种成人仪式的事情之一。这是一种独立的味道，有时放在你的简历上很有用。青少年一致认为，它教授了有关与成年人合作以及管理金钱的宝贵经验。所以，这不是坏事！Some research has shown that not taking on a Saturday or holiday job could be detrimental to a person later on. A 2015 study by the UK Commission on Employment and Skills found that not participating in part-time work at school age had been blamed by employers' organisations for young adults being ill-prepared for full-time employment. But despite this, recent statistics have shown that the number of schoolchildren in the UK with a part-time job has fallen by a fifth in the past five years.一些研究表明，不参加周六或假期的工作可能会在以后对一个人有害。英国就业和技能委员会 2015 年的一项研究发现，在学龄期不参加兼职工作被雇主组织指责为年轻人没有做好全职工作的准备。但尽管如此，最近的统计数据显示，在过去五年中，英国从事兼职工作的学生人数下降了五分之一。So, does this mean that British teenagers are now more afraid of hard graft? Probably not. Some experts feel that young people feel going out to work will hinder their performance at school, and they are under more pressure now to study hard and get good exam results - and a good job in the long term. However, Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, told BBC News that "Properly regulated part-time work is a good way of helping young people learn skills that they will need in their working lives." In reality, it's all about getting the right balance between doing part-time work and having enough time to study and rest.那么，这是否意味着英国青少年现在更害怕硬贪污呢？可能不是。一些专家认为，年轻人觉得外出打工会影响他们在学校的表现，他们现在承受着更大的压力，要努力学习，取得好成绩——从长远来看，要找到一份好工作。然而，学校和大学领导者协会秘书长杰夫巴顿告诉 BBC 新闻，“适当规范的兼职工作是帮助年轻人学习他们在工作生活中需要的技能的好方法。”实际上，这一切都是为了在做兼职工作和有足够的时间学习和休息之间取得适当的平衡。Many young people actually want to work because it gives them a sense of freedom. One 13 year-old girl called Rachel, who has a Saturday job in a shop, told the BBC that "I enjoy my job because I'm earning money and it helps my confidence speaking to people and socialising with people I work with." That seems like something worth getting up for on a Saturday morning. Did you do a part-time job when you were at school?许多年轻人实际上想要工作，因为它给了他们一种自由感。一名名叫雷切尔的 13 岁女孩周六在一家商店工作，她告诉 BBC 说：“我喜欢我的工作，因为我在赚钱，这有助于我自信地与人交谈并与我一起工作的人交往。”这似乎是值得在星期六早上起床的事情。你上学的时候做过兼职吗？词汇表life experience 生活经历paper round（通常由中小学生做的）上门送报服务Saturday job 周六工作，业余零工stack shelves 码放货架上的物品，整理货架checkout 付款台，结账处part-time 兼职的rite of passage 成人仪式independence 自主，自立，独立CV 简历detrimental 有危害的ill-prepared 准备不足的full-time employment 全职工作hard graft 艰苦奋斗hinder 阻碍，妨碍regulated（按照规定或法律）管理的sense of freedom 自由感confidence 自信socialise 交往，交际

Are men able to dance? Well, if I am an example, then no – I have two left feet and taking to the dance floor just fills me with dread. But of course, we know that most of us have the potential to throw some shapes, so what is it that's stopping us?男人会跳舞吗？好吧，如果我是一个例子，那么不——我有两只左脚，走上舞池让我充满恐惧。但是，当然，我们知道我们大多数人都有可能做出一些形状，那么是什么阻止了我们呢？If you've ever watched glamorous and glitzy dance shows on TV, like the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, you'll know that there are men who have great dexterity and fancy footwork on the dancefloor. These professional dancers have spent years learning and performing ballroom dances such as the waltz, foxtrot and tango.如果您曾经在电视上观看过迷人而炫目的舞蹈节目，例如 BBC 的《舞动起来》，您就会知道在舞池中有些人非常灵巧，步法也很奇特。这些专业舞者花费数年时间学习和表演交际舞，如华尔兹、狐步舞和探戈。But for a majority of us men, we still prefer to spectate rather than participate. And according to a survey commissioned by BBC Radio 5 live, over three quarters of British men have never or rarely danced. It found that over a third of men surveyed wouldn't strut their stuff, let alone perform a paso doble, on the dancefloor because they were too embarrassed. And ten per cent said what put them off was fear of being the centre of attention, being made fun of, or being judged.但对于我们大多数人来说，我们仍然更喜欢旁观而不是参与。根据 BBC Radio 5 live 委托进行的一项调查，超过四分之三的英国男性从未或很少跳舞。调查发现，超过三分之一的受访男性不会在舞池上炫耀自己的东西，更不用说在舞池上表演了，因为他们太尴尬了。10% 的人说让他们反感的是害怕成为关注的中心、被取笑或被评判。Women may say we have to get a grip, get on our feet and just let ourselves go! Easier said than done. But what helps is a crowded dancefloor where there is safety in numbers. And according to the survey, many men need a drink. One man questioned said, "I don't think I'm very good at it and therefore need some Dutch courage to get me on the floor."女人可能会说我们必须抓紧，站起来，放手！说起来容易做起来难。但有帮助的是一个拥挤的舞池，那里的人数是安全的。而且根据调查，很多男人都需要喝一杯。一名被问到的人说：“我认为我不是很擅长，因此需要一些荷兰人的勇气才能让我上场。”One place where the alcohol is flowing is usually at a wedding, so, maybe unsurprisingly, the BBC survey found that 75% of men had previously danced at one. These are also the situations where partners of boyfriends and husbands can persuade them to move to the groove of the music! However, this is the time to witness some 'dad dancing' which is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as: "An awkward, unfashionable, or unrestrained style of dancing to pop music, as characteristically performed by middle-aged or older men." Surely that's not me!酒精流动的地方通常是在婚礼上，因此，也许不足为奇的是，英国广播公司的调查发现，75% 的男性以前曾在一次婚礼上跳舞。这些也是男朋友和丈夫的伴侣可以说服他们跟随音乐的情况！然而，现在是时候见证一些“爸爸跳舞”了，它在牛津英语词典中被定义为：“一种笨拙、不时尚或不受约束的流行音乐舞蹈风格，通常由中年或老年男性表演。”那肯定不是我！So let's face it, us men just need help. We need training, we need to practise and we need to lose our inhibitions. One convert, Gareth Dew, who took part in the survey, says, "I think to be able to dance you need to be able to let loose, be aware of your body and generally be more comfortable in yourself." Would you agree?  所以让我们面对现实吧，我们男人只是需要帮助。我们需要训练，我们需要练习，我们需要摆脱束缚。参与调查的一位皈依者 Gareth Dew 说：“我认为要能够跳舞，你需要能够放松，注意自己的身体，并且通常对自己更舒服。”你会同意吗？词汇表two left feet “两只左脚”，跳舞时舞步笨拙dance floor 舞池throw some shapes 跳舞glitzy 耀眼夺目的dexterity 敏捷度，娴熟性footwork 步法，脚步动作waltz 华尔兹舞foxtrot 狐步舞tango 探戈舞spectate 观看strut one’s stuff（为引起他人注意）夸张、卖弄地跳舞paso doble 斗牛舞centre of attention 瞩目的焦点get a grip 放下负担，试着去跳舞safety in numbers 人多保险Dutch courage 酒胆，酒后之勇move to the groove 跳舞dad dancing “爸爸式舞姿”（较笨拙、过时的舞步）unrestrained 不受限制的inhibition 拘束，顾虑convert 行为已经转变的人let loose 放松

As a dog lover, our canine companions always fill me with joy. Whether pedigree or mongrel, tame or stray, whenever I see one, I smile. After all, their loyalty is indisputable, their companionship is always welcome, they fetch for us, guard for us and even work for us when required. Good old Fido has always been close to my, and many other’s hearts.作为爱狗人士，我们的犬类伙伴总是让我充满喜悦。无论是纯种还是杂种，驯服还是流浪，每当我看到一个，我都会微笑。毕竟，他们的忠诚是无可争辩的，他们的陪伴总是受欢迎的，他们为我们取物，为我们守护，甚至在需要时为我们工作。善良的老 Fido 一直贴近我和许多其他人的心。Well, not content with just warming the cockles of your heart, it seems that our four-legged-friends actually lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to a 2017 scientific study, which looked at 3.4 million Swedes from 2001 to 2012.好吧，根据 2017 年的一项科学研究，从 2001 年到 2012 年，对 340 万瑞典人进行的一项科学研究表明，我们的四足朋友似乎并不满足于仅仅温暖你的心脏，实际上降低了患心血管疾病的风险。The study concluded that this lower risk, which was particularly evident in owners of hunting breeds, may not just be due to the increased physical activity that goes hand-in-hand with owning a dog, but could also be down to dogs increasing the owner’s social contact, or by changing the owner's bacterial microbiome, which is the collection of microscopic species that live in the gut. Dogs change the dirt in home environments and therefore expose people to bacteria that they would otherwise not encounter.该研究得出的结论是，这种较低的风险在狩猎品种的主人中尤为明显，这可能不仅是由于与养狗密切相关的体力活动增加，还可能是由于狗增加了主人的体力活动。社会接触，或者通过改变主人的细菌微生物组，这是生活在肠道中的微观物种的集合。狗会改变家庭环境中的污垢，从而使人们接触到他们不会遇到的细菌。These effects were particularly marked in those who lived on their lonesome. According to Mwenya Mubanga of Uppsala University and lead author of the study, “single dog owners had a 33% reduction in risk of death and an 11% reduction in risk of cardiac arrest compared to single non-owners.”这些影响在那些独自生活的人身上尤为明显。根据乌普萨拉大学的 Mwenya Mubanga 和该研究的主要作者，“与单身非主人相比，单身狗主人的死亡风险降低了 33%，心脏骤停的风险降低了 11%。”However, before your heart skips a beat, Tove Fall, senior author of the study, also adds that there may be limitations. It’s possible that the differences between owners and non-owners, which already existed before the dog was bought, could have influenced the results – or that people who are generally more active also tend to get a dog anyway.然而，在您心跳加速之前，该研究的资深作者 Tove Fall 还补充说，可能存在局限性。在购买狗之前已经存在的所有者和非所有者之间的差异可能会影响结果 - 或者通常更活跃的人也倾向于养狗。It seems that the results are not as clear cut as they initially appear to be, but as far as I’m concerned, that’s ok. I love dogs for how they make me feel and, cardiovascular benefits or not, they’ll always be top dog to me – cross my heart.结果似乎并不像最初看起来那样清晰，但就我而言，没关系。我喜欢狗，因为它们给我的感觉，不管是否对心血管有益，它们对我来说永远是最重要的——让我心碎。词汇表canine 犬的pedigree（动物）纯种mongrel 杂种狗tame（尤指动物）温顺的stray 流浪的companionship 陪伴，友谊fetch 拿来，取回，guard 守卫，保护Fido 对宠物狗的一个通用名称close to one’s heart 贴近某人的心warm the cockles of your heart 温暖你的内心cardiovascular 心血管的breed（动物）品种physical activity 体育运动social contact 社会关系，社会往来bacterial microbiome 细菌微生物群gut 肠道on one’s lonesome 单独的，独自的cardiac arrest 心脏停搏your heart skips a beat（形容紧张或兴奋）心跳停了一下top dog 最好的狗，胜利者cross my heart 我保证所说属实

We all have a different approach to money – some of us like to spend it as soon as we have it, even splashing the cash on extravagant things, while some of us like to hold on to it and spend it carefully. But for people who are very savvy about their cash, there are a number of interesting ways to invest it and, if things go well, make a tidy profit.我们都有不同的理财方式——我们中的一些人喜欢一有钱就花掉，甚至把钱花在奢侈的东西上，而我们中的一些人喜欢抓住它并小心翼翼地花钱。但对于非常精通现金的人来说，有许多有趣的投资方式，如果事情进展顺利，可以获得可观的利润。Buying stamps, wine, coins and books are all different ways of investing your money. It comes with risks but can be thrilling as, hopefully, you watch the value of your investment rise. However, you need to know what you're doing and making your fortune is not guaranteed.购买邮票、葡萄酒、硬币和书籍都是不同的投资方式。它伴随着风险，但可能会令人兴奋，因为希望您看到您的投资价值上升。但是，您需要知道自己在做什么，并不能保证一定能发财。If you're happy to take a gamble, then one of the most well-known ways of investing is by buying artwork. By purchasing a painting and holding on to it, its value can increase by a handsome sum, but of course it's only when you sell it do you feel the financial benefit. Some people get quite lucky, particularly when they don't expect to make any money. There are stories of people buying a painting in an antique shop for peanuts only to find out it's actually worth thousands of pounds.如果您乐于赌博，那么最著名的投资方式之一就是购买艺术品。购买一幅画并持有它，它的价值可以增加一大笔钱，但当然只有当你卖掉它时，你才能感受到经济利益。有些人很幸运，尤其是当他们不指望赚钱的时候。有这样的故事，人们在古董店买了一幅花生画，却发现它实际上价值数千英镑。Investing in art appears to be a hobby for the rich, but not always. Recently, an investor's dream came true when a picture believed to have been painted by Leonardo da Vinci sold for £341m. He had bought it about 60 years ago in an auction for just £45 thinking it was only painted by a follower of da Vinci.投资艺术似乎是富人的爱好，但并非总是如此。最近，当一幅据信由达芬奇绘制的画作以 3.41 亿英镑的价格售出时，一位投资者的梦想成真了。大约 60 年前，他在一次拍卖中以 45 英镑的价格买下了这幅画，他认为这幅画只是由达芬奇的追随者绘制的。Of course this is a rare story and investing in artwork is not a guarantee to make you a millionaire. Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser at Chase de Vere, told BBC News that to invest in art as a true investment, "you need a starting fund of at least £5,000, and possibly up to £500,000, which can be used to buy individual works of art or invested in an art fund." He feels investing in art is too risky and recommends their clients not to invest in it because the downsides outweigh the upsides.当然，这是一个罕见的故事，投资艺术品并不能保证你会成为百万富翁。Chase de Vere 的财务顾问帕特里克·康诺利 (Patrick Connolly) 告诉 BBC 新闻，要将艺术品投资作为一项真正的投资，“你需要至少 5,000 英镑，可能高达 500,000 英镑的启动资金，可用于购买个人艺术品或投资于艺术基金。”他觉得投资艺术品风险太大，建议他们的客户不要投资，因为弊大于利。But if you're still keen, there are art fairs, such as The Affordable Art Fair, and websites aimed at buyers with a modest budget. Patrick Connolly says the best approach here is to buy something you like and can afford and "if it goes up in value, that should be just an added bonus." If this has spoilt your plans for your investment portfolio, maybe there's more chance of winning big money by buying a lottery ticket!但是，如果您仍然热衷于艺术博览会，例如 The Affordable Art Fair，以及针对预算有限的买家的网站。帕特里克·康诺利说，这里最好的方法是买你喜欢和买得起的东西，“如果它升值，那应该只是额外的奖励。”如果这破坏了您的投资组合计划，那么购买彩票可能更有机会赢得大奖！词汇表splash the cash 花大笔的钱，挥霍savvy 懂行的invest 投资a tidy profit 一笔可观的利润risk 风险fortune 财富，一大笔钱take a gamble 赌一把，冒险做某事a handsome sum 一笔可观的数目financial benefit 经济效益peanut 一小笔钱auction 拍卖millionaire 百万富翁fund 资金，专款downside 缺点，不利的一面upside 好处，优点modest budget 有限的预算an added bonus 附加的收益，额外的好处portfolio 投资组合

It's that time of year when many of us spend money buying gifts for family and friends. We spend hours, even days, searching the shops and websites trying to find the right present for someone - a pair of socks, perfume, a new gadget – only to find the recipient already has it or they've been given it already. Or worse, they just don't like it, which makes me think, "Are we wasting our time and money?"每年的那个时候，我们中的许多人都会花钱为家人和朋友购买礼物。我们花费数小时，甚至数天，在商店和网站上搜索，试图为某人找到合适的礼物——一双袜子、香水、一个新的小玩意——却发现收件人已经拥有或已经收到了。或者更糟糕的是，他们只是不喜欢它，这让我想，“我们是在浪费时间和金钱吗？”There is so much stuff in the world already and so much waste that maybe when it comes to Christmas giving, we need to think outside the box – use our imagination and be more creative with our generosity. This is particularly true for children, who tend to receive mountains of toys some of which end up not even being looked at. One idea is to implement a 'one-gift' rule so that children don't grow up spoiled. Getting too many gifts can also send out the wrong message. Speaking to BBC online, clinical psychologist Linda Blair says, "When we are given a lot, we expect to receive a lot… even if it's only at Christmas and on birthdays, it will impact on children's attitudes." She also suggests, "If you want to give a gift, give your time". 世界上已经有太多的东西和太多的浪费，也许在圣诞节捐赠方面，我们需要跳出框框思考——发挥我们的想象力，用我们的慷慨更有创意。对于孩子来说尤其如此，他们往往会收到堆积如山的玩具，其中一些最终甚至没有被看。一个想法是实施“一份礼物”规则，这样孩子们就不会被宠坏了。收到太多礼物也会发出错误的信息。临床心理学家琳达·布莱尔在接受 BBC 在线采访时说：“当我们得到很多时，我们期望得到很多……即使只是在圣诞节和生日，它也会影响孩子们的态度。”她还建议，“如果你想送礼物，那就给你时间”。She makes a good point - for children and adults alike, when it comes to giving, think about offering something other than a material object that may get forgotten, discarded or re-gifted.  Buying an experience is one alternative - a chance for someone to try something out and do something different. It will cost you money, but for the recipient it could be an opportunity to try something they could not normally afford or would not have thought about doing. It would therefore be memorable and, hopefully, much appreciated.她提出了一个很好的观点——对于儿童和成人来说，在给予时，考虑提供一些可能会被遗忘、丢弃或重新给予的物质对象以外的东西。购买体验是一种选择——让人们有机会尝试一些事情并做一些不同的事情。这将花费你的钱，但对于接受者来说，这可能是一个尝试他们通常负担不起或不会考虑做的事情的机会。因此，这将是令人难忘的，并希望受到高度赞赏。Another practical gift could be to buy someone lessons, giving them a chance to learn new skills such as horse riding or learning English. And there are what are called 'favours' – money-can't-buy offerings to do jobs for someone like babysitting, cleaning or giving someone a massage. And there is always the fallback of giving vouchers to spend in a shop.另一个实用的礼物可能是给某人买课，让他们有机会学习新技能，例如骑马或学习英语。还有所谓的“恩惠”——用钱买不到的东西来为保姆、清洁或给别人按摩等工作提供服务。并且总是有提供代金券在商店消费的后备。Of course, if you can't think of an original way to give a gift, the alternative is to not buy anything at all. You may be accused of being a 'Scrooge' but at least you're not wasting money on pointless gifts and you could give the money to charity instead – a more worthy cause. But if this year, you receive a present that's not to your liking don't be ungrateful and remember the age-old saying that 'it's the thought that counts'.当然，如果你想不出一种独创的送礼方式，那另一种选择是什么都不买。你可能会被指责为“贪财鬼”，但至少你不会在毫无意义的礼物上浪费钱，你可以把钱捐给慈善机构——这是一个更有价值的事业。但是，如果今年你收到了一份不合你意的礼物，不要忘恩负义，记住那句古老的谚语“重要的是思想”。词汇表recipient 收礼人to think outside the box 跳出传统的思维框架generosity 慷慨，大方implement 实施，实行spoiled 宠坏了的material object 实质的物品re-gift 将收到的礼物转赠给他人experience 体验型礼品memorable 难忘的appreciated 受喜爱的practical 实用的favour 帮助，善意行为money-can't-buy 金钱买不到的（东西）fallback 应变的，退一补的voucher 代金券，票券original 独创的，新颖的Scrooge 吝啬鬼pointless 空洞、无意义的worthy cause 有价值的事情               it's the thought that counts 情意更重要

When's it's time for a wardrobe makeover, who's the best person to give you some advice? You'll probably turn to your friend for some feedback and fashion tips – let's face it: they know you best and can offer an honest opinion about which colours clash – and which outfit makes you look a million dollars.什么时候该进行衣橱改造，谁是给你一些建议的最佳人选？你可能会向你的朋友寻求一些反馈和时尚提示——让我们面对现实吧：他们最了解你，并且可以就哪些颜色冲突提供诚实的意见——以及哪件衣服让你看起来一百万美元。However for someone like me, who's not a follower of fashion and has a more practical dress sense, I don't need help - it's just jeans or… jeans! But for people who care about their appearance, they can now get some trustworthy advice with the aid of technology.然而对于像我这样不追随时尚并且有更实际的穿着感的人来说，我不需要帮助 - 它只是牛仔裤或......牛仔裤！但是对于在意自己外表的人来说，现在可以借助科技获得一些值得信赖的建议。Of course, using social media is a good way to discuss fashion dilemmas with your friends, but this sometimes brings in too much conflicting advice - and opinions that are sometimes brutal! That's why one woman has developed an app to help women crowdsource advice from stylists and sister fashionistas in a safe, troll-free environment.当然，使用社交媒体是与朋友讨论时尚困境的好方法，但这有时会带来太多相互矛盾的建议——有时甚至是残酷的意见！这就是为什么一位女性开发了一款应用程序来帮助女性在一个安全、无网络攻击的环境中从造型师和姐妹时尚达人那里获得建议。Sophia Matveeva's Style Counsel app allows users wanting advice on an outfit to post a photo and receive "yes" or "no" answers from other users, or more detailed advice from vetted fashion stylists and bloggers very quickly. According to Matthew Wall, BBC Technology of Business editor, this is a growing business, with several new apps such as AskAnna, Mallzee and StyleDotMe all offering young women tips on suitable and fashionable clothes to wear.Sophia Matveeva 的 Style Counsel 应用程序允许想要获得服装建议的用户发布照片并从其他用户那里收到“是”或“否”的答案，或者非常快速地从经过审查的时尚造型师和博主那里获得更详细的建议。根据 BBC Technology of Business 编辑 Matthew Wall 的说法，这是一项不断发展的业务，AskAnna、Mallzee 和 StyleDotMe 等几款新应用程序都为年轻女性提供了关于合适和时尚服装的建议。There's also a website called EyeFitU which finds clothes to fit your figure. Its chief executive, Isabelle Ohnemus, says there are no international standards in clothes sizes but she explains "We can set up your size profile in a few seconds with 80% accuracy just knowing your gender, height, weight and age". This information is used to search different retailers and find clothes that suit your actual shape. And the internet giant, Amazon, has also developed a camera that links to a 'style check' function that compares photos and gives its algorithmically-derived opinion of which outfit is better, based on fit, colour, style and current fashion trends.还有一个叫做 EyeFitU 的网站可以找到适合你身材的衣服。其首席执行官 Isabelle Ohnemus 表示，衣服尺码没有国际标准，但她解释说：“我们可以在几秒钟内设置您的尺码配置文件，准确率达到 80%，只需知道您的性别、身高、体重和年龄”。此信息用于搜索不同的零售商并找到适合您实际体型的衣服。互联网巨头亚马逊也开发了一款相机，该相机可以链接到“风格检查”功能，该功能可以比较照片，并根据合身、颜色、风格和当前流行趋势，通过算法得出哪种服装更好的意见。But does technology make fashion advice a bit impersonal? Sophia Matveeva admits that women in particular are social creatures and that "AI will never stop us talking to each other… girls will always want the approval of the cool girl at school." But as for me: an app with someone I don't know could be the place to start with some discreet fashion tips!但是技术是否让时尚建议变得有点客观？Sophia Matveeva 承认，女性尤其是社交动物，“人工智能永远不会阻止我们彼此交谈……女孩总是希望得到学校酷女孩的认可。”但对我来说：一个我不认识的人的应用程序可能是从一些谨慎的时尚技巧开始的地方！词汇表makeover（个人形象的）大改造tip 窍门，小建议clash（颜色、风格）不协调look a million dollars（因穿着光鲜）看起来非常漂亮dress sense 着装、搭配的品位appearance 外表，外貌dilemma 困境，窘境brutal（表达方式、观点）直率的，直言不讳的stylist 造型师fashionista 时尚达人troll-free 没有网络暴力或恶毒言论的vetted（资质等）经过审查的figure 体形、身材retailer 零售商style check 时尚风格定位（功能）algorithmically-derived 利用算法推导出来的trend 潮流，趋势cool girl “酷女孩”，原指学校里受人欢迎的时髦女孩，此处泛指风格出众，引领时尚的女性

Sweet or savoury? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth, you probably can't resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar – delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff is bad for our health.甜的还是咸的？你喜欢什么样的口味？如果像我一样，你爱吃甜食，你可能无法抗拒吃蛋糕、饼干或巧克力，并且会用一勺糖来增加你的茶或咖啡的甜味——美味！但是味道让人很容易忽视过多的白色物质对我们的健康有害的警告。Consuming sugar is an addiction – the more we eat, the more we want. Today's processed food, like ready meals, is laced with the stuff and many fizzy drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.吃糖是一种瘾——我们吃的越多，我们想要的就越多。今天的加工食品，如即食食品，都含有这种物质，许多碳酸饮料在一罐中就含有七茶匙糖。在英国，统计数据显示，糖的消费量处于历史最高水平，政府正试图让食品行业到 2020 年将巧克力棒等流行产品中的糖含量减少 20%。Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and the glucose in it can give us an energy boost. But there are dangers too: a high-sugar diet is linked to obesity, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes. With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and savoury biscuits – but that's boring, I need my sugar fix!当然，含糖的食物味道很好，它可以帮助提升我们的情绪，其中的葡萄糖可以让我们精力充沛。但也有危险：高糖饮食与肥胖有关，超重会增加患 2 型糖尿病的风险。有了这些警告信号，我考虑用水果和咸味饼干代替含糖零食来改变我的饮食习惯——但这很无聊，我需要解决我的糖分问题！I'm not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some celebrities and nutritionists promoting a 'zero tolerance' approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, "My first fortnight involves mood swings worse than puberty. I have agonising headaches and feel permanently hungover." These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.我不孤独。BBC 记者 Radhika Shanghani 更进一步。在一些名人和营养学家提倡对糖采取“零容忍”方法的鼓励下，她完全放弃了，认为这会让她更健康。最初，她说：“我的第一个两周的情绪波动比青春期还严重。我有痛苦的头痛，感觉永远宿醉。”这些症状消失了，但她仍然觉得买食物很困难，因为她强调要买合适的东西。Her experiment wasn't a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount."她的实验没有成功。她最终向牛津大学饮食与人口健康教授 Susan Jebb 寻求建议，他说：“很多人喜欢吃糖并从中获得乐趣，所以人们必须在享受和吃适量之间找到平衡。”There are health benefits of cutting down sugar such as improving dental care and reducing weight gain, but there's no need to be obsessive about it. Eating some sugar as part of a balanced diet is fine and exercising will help burn it off. So rather than dealing with your sugar cravings by cutting it out of your diet altogether, why not work on your willpower and learn to say 'no' to a second serving of chocolate fudge cheesecake.减少糖分对健康有好处，例如改善牙齿护理和减少体重增加，但没有必要对此过于执着。吃一些糖作为均衡饮食的一部分是好的，运动将有助于燃烧掉它。因此，与其完全从饮食中减少对糖的渴望，不如锻炼意志力，学会对第二份巧克力软糖芝士蛋糕说“不”。词汇表savoury 咸的sweet tooth 喜好甜食addiction 上瘾processed food 加工食品lace（偷偷地）给（食物或饮品）掺glucose 葡萄糖obesity 肥胖（症）overweight 肥胖的，超重的Type 2 diabetes 二型糖尿病fix 用量（幽默的说法）nutritionist 营养学家zero tolerance 零容忍政策mood swings 情绪波动puberty 青春期hungover 宿醉的symptom 症状a balance 平衡dental care 牙科护理weight gain 体重增加obsessive 过分的craving 难以抑制的渴求willpower 意志力

I am a massive science fiction geek. Ever since I was young, I’ve been captivated by tales of interstellar adventure, aliens, robots, and cutting-edge technology. I always loved the concept of cyborgs. That’s a human-robot hybrid. They are ordinary humans who have been enhanced in some way by technology; more intelligence, faster speed or better resilience to disease and damage. Great ideas, but I never thought I’d see them in my lifetime. 我是一个庞大的科幻极客。从小，我就被星际冒险、外星人、机器人和尖端技术的故事迷住了。我一直很喜欢电子人的概念。那是人机混合体。他们是被科技以某种方式增强的普通人；更多的智慧、更快的速度或更好的抵抗疾病和伤害的能力。伟大的想法，但我从没想过我会在有生之年看到它们。Well, I stand corrected. Integrated biology and technology is already here and people have wasted no time utilising it to re-engineer their bodies. Take, for example, Neil Harbisson, who has an antenna protruding from his head that allows him to hear colour, or Moon Ribas, who has an implant that allows her to sense seismic activity. Now, neither are abilities that I particularly covet, but it's a start.好吧，我的立场是正确的。综合生物学和技术已经出现，人们没有浪费时间利用它来重新设计他们的身体。例如，Neil Harbisson 的头部伸出一根天线，可以让他听到颜色，或者 Moon Ribas，她的植入物可以让她感知地震活动。现在，我特别渴望的能力也不是，但这是一个开始。And it doesn’t end there. As technology increases so too will our ability to enhance ourselves through it. One of the latest developments is the graphene tattoo. Not an actual tattoo at all, but more like a patch, the graphene tattoo could revolutionise biomedical monitoring.它并没有就此结束。随着科技的进步，我们通过科技提升自我的能力也会随之提升。最新的发展之一是石墨烯纹身。根本不是真正的纹身，而是更像一个补丁，石墨烯纹身可以彻底改变生物医学监测。It looks much like a transparent plaster, but with a gold coloured circuit board contained within it. This circuit is the graphene. Graphene is a form of carbon, but it’s 200 times stronger than steel and conducts electricity better than gold, which is the component typically used in electronics.它看起来很像透明的石膏，但里面有一块金色的电路板。这个电路就是石墨烯。石墨烯是碳的一种形式，但它的强度是钢的 200 倍，导电性能也比金更好，金是电子产品中常用的成分。The human body is basically an electrical machine. When in contact with the skin, the graphene in the plaster is able to read and conduct the electricity – allowing it to easily be used as a medical monitor for heart-rate and pulse, among other things. And even more, graphene tattoos can be used as bioelectronic controllers, as demonstrated by one engineer who attached them to his eyelids in order to direct which way a drone flew, just by looking with his eyes!人体基本上是一台电机。当与皮肤接触时，膏药中的石墨烯能够读取并传导电流——使其可以轻松用作心率和脉搏等医疗监测器。更重要的是，石墨烯纹身可以用作生物电子控制器，正如一位工程师所展示的那样，他将纹身贴在眼睑上，以便通过眼睛观察无人机的飞行方向！I know that biotechnology is a long way from allowing humans to be able to lift a car or run half-way around the world in a single day, like I wanted to be able to do when I was a child. But, it’s improving all the time and once the price of graphene falls, who knows what else we’ll be able to do? I’ll see you in the future!我知道生物技术距离让人类能够在一天内举起汽车或绕半个地球跑，就像我小时候想做的那样，还有很长的路要走。但是，它一直在改善，一旦石墨烯的价格下降，谁知道我们还能做些什么呢？我会在未来见到你！词汇表geek 呆子，极客interstellar 星际的cutting-edge 前沿的cyborg 半机械人hybrid 混合体enhanced 强化的，增强的integrated 合成一体的re-engineer 重建，重新组合antenna 触角protrude 伸出implant 植入seismic 地震的，造成严重破坏的covet 渴望，贪求    graphene 石墨烯patch 贴布，贴片transparent 透明的circuit board 电路版carbon 碳conduct 传导（电）component 零部件，组成部分bioelectronic 生物电子的

How much sleep do you need? Do you find that if you don't get enough shut-eye and wake up feeling dopey, you spend the rest of the day in a bad mood? I certainly need my eight hours a night and that's important according to research, because bad sleep isn't good for our health.你需要多少睡眠？你是否发现如果你没有得到足够的睡眠并且醒来时感到昏昏欲睡，你会在剩下的时间里心情不好？我当然需要每晚八小时，根据研究，这很重要，因为糟糕的睡眠对我们的健康不利。We all need a good night's rest to recharge our batteries, but according to the Sleep Council in the UK, the average Briton gets six-and-a-half hours sleep a night, which for most people is not enough. It's tempting to cut back on the sleep we get, after all there are plenty of other more fun or useful things to be doing. Sometimes the pressure of work or a long commute means that our head hits the pillow much later than it should. But lots of studies have shown that cutting back on sleep, deliberately or otherwise, can have a serious impact on our bodies.我们都需要好好休息来给自己充电，但根据英国睡眠委员会的数据，英国人平均每晚睡六个半小时，这对大多数人来说是不够的。减少我们的睡眠是很诱人的，毕竟还有很多其他更有趣或更有用的事情要做。有时，工作压力或长途通勤意味着我们的头撞到枕头的时间要晚得多。但大量研究表明，有意或无意地减少睡眠会对我们的身体产生严重影响。Studies have proved that sleep deprivation has a negative effect on our bodies but it can also have an effect on our mental health. A BBC programme called Trust Me, I'm a Doctor ran an experiment with the University of Oxford and was surprised to discover how quickly the mood of the people they were testing changed when their sleep was restricted to four hours a night for just three nights. Doctoral student, Sarah Reeve, who ran the experiment, said: "There were increases in anxiety, depression and stress, also increases in paranoia and feelings of mistrust about other people".研究证明，睡眠不足对我们的身体有负面影响，但也会影响我们的心理健康。一个名为“相信我，我是一名医生”的 BBC 节目与牛津大学进行了一项实验，并惊讶地发现当他们的睡眠时间被限制在每晚 4 小时，连续三个晚上时，他们的情绪变化得如此之快.进行该实验的博士生莎拉·里夫说：“焦虑、抑郁和压力增加了，偏执狂和对他人的不信任感也增加了”。This and other research into the mental health of students, has found that the lack of sleep increases our negative emotions. I know that when I'm sleep deprived, it is harder to feel positive about things or even think straight! Daniel Freeman, professor of clinical psychology at Oxford University, agrees that insomnia is bad for our brain. He says: "We have more negative thoughts when we're sleep-deprived and we get stuck in them".这项和其他对学生心理健康的研究发现，睡眠不足会增加我们的负面情绪。我知道当我睡眠不足时，很难对事情感到积极，甚至更难思考！牛津大学临床心理学教授丹尼尔弗里曼同意失眠对我们的大脑有害。他说：“当我们被剥夺睡眠并陷入其中时，我们会有更多的消极想法”。Bad sleep doesn't automatically mean you'll get mental health issues but other studies have shown that depriving people of enough sleep for only a few nights in a row can be enough to put healthy adults into a pre-diabetic state. So with all this evidence maybe we should concentrate on sleeping well. This means going to bed at a sensible time and creating the right environment in the bedroom to relax and sleep in. There's also the modern distraction of using smartphones and tablets at bedtime, tempting us to stay awake. The blue light emitted by electronic devices makes us feel less sleepy. And using them stimulates our brain when it should be winding down. What helps you get a good night's sleep?睡眠不好并不一定意味着你会出现心理健康问题，但其他研究表明，连续几个晚上剥夺人们足够的睡眠足以让健康的成年人进入糖尿病前期。因此，有了所有这些证据，也许我们应该专注于睡个好觉。这意味着在合理的时间上床睡觉，并在卧室创造合适的环境来放松和入睡。现代人在睡前使用智能手机和平板电脑也会分散注意力，诱使我们保持清醒。电子设备发出的蓝光使我们不那么困倦。当我们的大脑应该放松时，使用它们会刺激我们的大脑。什么可以帮助你睡个好觉？词汇表shut-eye 闭眼，睡眠wake up 醒来dopey 嗜睡的，迷迷糊糊的recharge our batteries 恢复我们的体力head hits the pillow 头挨枕头，睡觉cut back 减少sleep deprivation 睡眠不足mental health 心理健康anxiety 焦虑（症）paranoia 多疑，妄想症lack of sleep 缺觉negative emotions 负面情绪think straight 清楚地思考，思路清晰insomnia 失眠（症）pre-diabetic state 糖尿病前期状态sleepy 困的，瞌睡的stimulate 刺激wind down 平静下来，放松

Here’s a staggering statistic. Scientists have calculated the total amount of plastic ever made: 8.3 billion tonnes. Looked at another way, that’s as heavy as 25,000 Empire State Buildings or one billion elephants. And incredibly, almost all of it has been made in the last 65 years. 这是一个惊人的统计数据。科学家计算出塑料的总量：83亿吨。换个角度看，它有 25,000 座帝国大厦或 10 亿头大象那么重。令人难以置信的是，几乎所有这些都是在过去 65 年中完成的。So what’s the problem? Much plastic is in the form of packaging which is used just once and then thrown away. According to a major new study from the University of California, 9% of this is recyled, 12% is incinerated and 79% goes to landfill. And because most plastic doesn’t biodegrade, once it’s in the ground, it stays there. 所以有什么问题？很多塑料都是包装形式，只使用一次就扔掉了。根据加州大学的一项重大新研究，其中 9% 被回收利用，12% 被焚烧，79% 进入垃圾填埋场。而且由于大多数塑料不会生物降解，因此一旦进入地下，就会一直存在。It’s a situation that has led the paper’s lead author, ecologist Dr Roland Geyer, to say that we are “rapidly heading towards ‘Planet Plastic'”. He believes that there’s already enough waste out there to cover the whole of Argentina.正是这种情况导致该论文的主要作者、生态学家 Roland Geyer 博士说我们“正在迅速走向‘塑料星球’”。他认为那里的垃圾已经足够覆盖整个阿根廷。The team behind this report also estimate that eight million tonnes of plastic waste are escaping into the sea every year. This has generated concern that plastic is entering the food chain, though fish and other sea life which ingest the smaller fragments.该报告背后的团队还估计，每年有 800 万吨塑料垃圾流入大海。这引起了人们对塑料正在进入食物链的担忧，尽管鱼类和其他海洋生物会摄入较小的碎片。Of course, the reason why there’s so much plastic around is that it’s an amazingly useful material. We can’t get enough of it. It’s durable and adaptable, and is used for everything from yoghurt pots to spaceships. But it’s precisely this quality which makes it a problem. The only way to destroy plastic is to heat or burn it – although this has the side effect of harmful emissions.当然，周围有这么多塑料的原因是它是一种非常有用的材料。我们受够了。它耐用且适应性强，可用于从酸奶罐到宇宙飞船的所有物品。但正是这种品质使它成为一个问题。破坏塑料的唯一方法是加热或燃烧它——尽管这会产生有害排放的副作用。So what’s the alternative, other than using less plastic? Oceanographer Dr Erik van Sebille from Utrecht University says we’re facing a “tsunami” of plastic waste, and that the global waste industry needs to “get its act together”.那么除了使用更少的塑料之外，还有什么选择呢？乌得勒支大学的海洋学家 Erik van Sebille 博士说，我们正面临着塑料垃圾的“海啸”，全球垃圾行业需要“齐心协力”。Professor Richard Thompson, a marine biologist from Plymouth University, says it’s poor design that’s at fault. He says that if products are currently designed “with recyclability in mind”, they could be recyled around 20 times over.普利茅斯大学的海洋生物学家理查德汤普森教授说，糟糕的设计是错误的。他说，如果产品目前的设计“考虑到可回收性”，它们可以回收大约 20 倍。Dr Geyer agrees: “The holy grail of recycling is to keep material in use and in the loop for ever if you can. But it turns out in our study that actually 90% of that material that did get recycled - which I think we calculated was 600 million tonnes - only got recycled once.”Geyer 博士对此表示赞同：“回收的圣杯是尽可能地保持材料的使用和循环。但在我们的研究中发现，实际上 90% 的材料确实被回收了——我认为我们计算出来的量是 6 亿吨——只被回收了一次。”词汇表staggering 令人震惊的packaging 包装材料incinerate 被焚毁的landfill 垃圾填埋场biodegrade 生物降解ecologist 生态学家food chain 食物链ingest 咽下（食物）fragment 碎片，碎块durable 耐用的adaptable 适应性强的emission 排放物oceanographer 海洋学家tsunami 海啸get your act together 合理安排，有条理地筹划marine biologist 海洋生物学家at fault 有责任，有过错recyclability 可再利用性loop 循环turn out 结果是（尤指出乎意料的结果）

Life isn’t fair. Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet. You know the kind of person, the one who can strike up a conversation with a complete stranger and end up with a new friend or business lead. How do they do it?生活是不公平的。有些人似乎很幸运能够毫不费力地吸引他们遇到的任何人。你知道那种人，他可以与一个完全陌生的人交谈，最终结交新朋友或业务主管。他们是怎么做到的呢？Well, it might seem like a magical power, but in fact there are a number of factors at work. So, can you learn to develop superhuman charm? The answer is: to a large extent, yes you can.好吧，这似乎是一种神奇的力量，但实际上有许多因素在起作用。那么，你能学会培养超人的魅力吗？答案是：在很大程度上，是的，你可以。But first, the bad news. Scientists have found that people initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance. With just a fleeting glimpse of a face, people make snap judgements about each other’s likeability, trustworthiness and confidence, according to Alexander Todorov, professor of psychology at Princeton University.但首先，坏消息。科学家们发现，人们最初纯粹根据外表来判断对方。普林斯顿大学心理学教授亚历山大·托多罗夫 (Alexander Todorov) 表示，只要瞥一眼一张脸，人们就会对彼此的可爱程度、可信度和信心做出快速判断。How to counteract this? There’s one incredibly simple tool: your smile. Todorov told the BBC that people perceive a smiling face as “more trustworthy, warmer and sociable”. It sounds like common sense, doesn’t it? Smile and others will smile with you.如何应对这种情况？有一个非常简单的工具：你的微笑。托多罗夫告诉 BBC，人们认为笑脸“更值得信赖、更热情、更善于交际”。这听起来像是常识，不是吗？微笑，别人会和你一起微笑。What other tricks might we have up our sleeves? Former FBI agent Jack Schafer has been trained in how to influence people. He told BBC Capital: “Our brains are always surveying the environment for friend or foe signals.” Three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to: raise our eyebrows quickly, tilt our heads slightly, and, once again, to smile.我们还能有什么其他的技巧呢？前 FBI 特工 Jack Schafer 接受过如何影响他人的培训。他告诉 BBC Capital：“我们的大脑一直在调查环境中的朋友或敌人信号。”我们可以做三件事来表明我们不是威胁：快速抬起眉毛，稍微倾斜头部，再次微笑。So we’ve looked at body language, but of course what you say is hugely important too, unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly. Here Schafer recommends that “the golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves, they’re going to like you.” In other words, you need to show interest in them, instead of talking about yourself and all your wonderful achievements. And while you’re chatting, remember this: another way of showing interest is to mirror their physical position.所以我们已经研究了肢体语言，但当然你说的话也非常重要，除非你只想站在那里傻笑。谢弗在这里建议“友谊的黄金法则是，如果你让人们对自己感觉良好，他们就会喜欢你。”换句话说，你需要对他们表现出兴趣，而不是谈论你自己和你所有的精彩成就。在聊天时，请记住这一点：表达兴趣的另一种方式是反映他们的身体位置。Another way to form a connection? Find common ground. Suzanne de Janasz, a professor of management with Seattle University, says that charming people are particularly adept at seeking out shared interests or experiences to help them build rapport. Simple things like asking where someone’s from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common. And if all else fails, you can fall back on that most British of topics: the weather. Glorious day, isn’t it?建立联系的另一种方式？找到共同点。西雅图大学管理学教授 Suzanne de Janasz 说，有魅力的人特别善于寻找共同的兴趣或经历来帮助他们建立融洽的关系。简单的事情，比如询问某人来自哪里真的可以开启讨论，让你找到共同的领域。如果一切都失败了，你可以回到最英国的话题：天气。光荣的一天，不是吗？词汇表blessed 命好的，幸运的effortlessly 不费吹灰之力地strike up a conversation（与人）攀谈complete stranger 彻头彻尾的陌生人lead 线索，头绪superhuman 超乎常人的to a large extent 在很大程度上snap judgement 快速、草率的判断likeability 喜欢程度trustworthiness 可信度counteract 对抗sociable 合群的，好交际的have something up your sleeve “留一手”，暗藏某物以备不时之需foe 敌人tilt（使）倾斜grin 咧嘴笑golden rule 黄金法则，重要的原则mirror 效仿common ground 共同点rapport 融洽的关系fall back on 借助于

It’s a question that has puzzled scientists for a long time: why exactly do we yawn? 这是一个困扰科学家很久的问题：我们到底为什么会打哈欠？In a recent breakthrough, scientists have discovered the part of the brain responsible for contagious yawning. It’s called the primary motor cortex, and controls movement in the body. When triggered it makes us yawn. But we can’t choose to yawn – it’s an involuntary imitation of other people. You know how it goes: your friend yawns, you yawn. 在最近的一项突破中，科学家们发现了负责传染性打哈欠的大脑部分。它被称为初级运动皮层，控制着身体的运动。当被触发时，它会让我们打哈欠。但我们不能选择打哈欠——这是对他人的不自觉模仿。你知道怎么回事：你的朋友打哈欠，你打哈欠。Knowing which section of the brain is involved is only part of the answer. There is still a deeper question of ‘why’. And we don’t only yawn when others do, we sometimes yawn alone.知道涉及大脑的哪个部分只是答案的一部分。还有一个更深层次的问题是“为什么”。我们不仅会在别人打哈欠的时候打哈欠，有时我们自己也会打哈欠。So, let’s start with the physiological theories behind yawning. As far back as 400BC, Greek physician Hippocrates speculated that yawning released harmful gases from the body, like “steam escaping from a cauldron”. His colourful theory is now, sadly, discounted. 所以，让我们从打哈欠背后的生理学理论开始。早在公元前 400 年，希腊医生希波克拉底就推测，打哈欠会从身体中释放出有害气体，就像“蒸汽从大锅中逸出”。可悲的是，他丰富多彩的理论现在被打折扣了。A more recent idea suggests that we yawn in order to cool down the brain. Just like a busy computer processor, our brains can overheat. Psychologist Gordon Gallup from the University at Albany has argued that the act of yawning delivers a rush of oxygen to the brain, helping us think more clearly. 最近的一个想法表明，我们打哈欠是为了让大脑降温。就像繁忙的计算机处理器一样，我们的大脑也会过热。奥尔巴尼大学的心理学家戈登·盖洛普认为，打哈欠的行为会为大脑提供大量氧气，帮助我们更清晰地思考。What about the connection between yawning and tiredness? We certainly yawn more when we’re feeling sleepy or sluggish, but why is this? Theories that it helps give the body extra energy are largely discredited, as we don’t yawn when we exercise, a time when we definitely need more get-up-and-go! 打哈欠和疲倦之间有什么联系？当我们感到困倦或呆滞时，我们当然会更多地打哈欠，但这是为什么呢？认为它有助于为身体提供额外能量的理论在很大程度上是不可信的，因为我们在锻炼时不会打哈欠，而此时我们肯定需要更多的起床运动！Psychologist Catriona Morrison from the University of Leeds says yawning is an ancient reflex.  She told the BBC that it may have started in “the days of cavemen when someone had to be on watch all the time - yawning increases cerebral blood flow so can improve alertness.” 利兹大学的心理学家卡特里奥娜·莫里森说，打哈欠是一种古老的反射。她告诉 BBC，这可能始于“穴居人的时代，那时有人必须时刻保持警惕——打哈欠会增加脑血流量，从而提高警觉性。”What about our friends' contagious yawning? Some think it comes down to empathy. While all vertebrate mammals yawn, only humans and chimpanzees ‘catch’ yawns from others. Studies have shown we yawn more frequently when in the company of close relatives and friends. Could yawning actually help us cement our closest relationships? 我们朋友的传染性打哈欠怎么办？有些人认为这归结为同理心。虽然所有脊椎动物都打哈欠，但只有人类和黑猩猩会“捕捉”其他动物的打哈欠。研究表明，在近亲和朋友的陪伴下，我们打哈欠的频率更高。打哈欠真的能帮助我们巩固最亲密的关系吗？If it does, next time you yawn in company, don’t feel too embarrassed. You’re just showing off your people skills.如果是这样，下次你在公司打哈欠时，不要觉得太尴尬。你只是在炫耀你的人际交往能力。词汇表contagious 会传染的motor 肌肉运动的，运动神经的cortex （尤指大脑或其他器官的）皮层involuntary 不由自主的physiological 生理的physician 医生（尤指内科医生）cauldron （通常指架在火上的）大锅colourful 有趣的，有声有色的discounted 大打折扣的，有所减弱的overheat 负荷过多，承载过多rush （身体的）一阵感觉sluggish 行动迟缓的discredited 受到怀疑的，被质疑的get-up-and-go 干劲reflex 本能反应cerebral 大脑的come down to 归结为，归根结底在于empathy 共鸣，共感vertebrate 有脊椎的cement 巩固（友谊）people skills 人际交往能力

I’ll let you into a secret. There’s a place that gets me every time: whenever I’m there, I can’t help but well up. Where is this tear-inducing location? It’s thousands of metres high in the sky, in the cabin of an aeroplane. Especially when there’s a trashy romantic comedy on. 我会让你进入一个秘密。每次都有一个地方让我感动：每当我在那里时，我都会情不自禁地振作起来。这个催泪的地方在哪里？它在数千米高的天空中，在飞机的机舱内。尤其是当有一部垃圾浪漫喜剧上演的时候。Why am I admitting this now? Because apparently, I’m not alone. English crooner Ed Sheeran confesses to getting all emotional when flying too. And get this: a survey carried out by Gatwick Airport in London found that 15% of men confess they’re more likely to cry during films in planes than watching at home. And 41% of men owned up to burying themselves in the blankets to hide their tears in a separate survey by Virgin Atlantic. In all, 55% of air travellers in the Virgin study claimed they experience heightened emotions when flying. 为什么我现在承认？因为显然，我并不孤单。英国歌手埃德希兰承认在飞行时也会情绪激动。明白这一点：伦敦盖特威克机场进行的一项调查发现，15% 的男性承认他们在飞机上看电影时比在家看电影时更容易哭泣。在维珍航空的另一项调查中，41% 的男性承认自己埋在毯子里隐藏眼泪。总体而言，维珍航空研究中 55% 的航空旅客声称他们在飞行时会情绪高涨。So, what’s going on? How does air travel tap into our hidden emotions? A study from the Netherlands has shown adults cry due to feelings of separation, loneliness or powerlessness. All of these are easily experienced when flying: you’re far from family, often alone, and have no control over the aircraft’s flight. 发生什么了？航空旅行如何挖掘我们隐藏的情绪？荷兰的一项研究表明，成年人因分离、孤独或无力感而哭泣。所有这些在飞行时都很容易体验：您远离家人，经常独自一人，并且无法控制飞机的飞行。Another theory relates to the lack of distraction. When you’re strapped into your seat in a sealed cabin in the sky, there’s not a lot you can do. So we are able to invest ourselves more fully into the movies we watch. 另一种理论与缺乏分心有关。当你被绑在空中密封舱的座位上时，你无能为力。因此，我们能够更充分地投入到我们观看的电影中。Then there’s the physical space. Air pressure and oxygen levels are lower, and this can affect our mental state. Conditions in an aeroplane resemble those at an altitude of 2,400m. The reduced oxygen at this height can affect the brain. According to a study by the US Institute of Medicine: “the initial mood experienced at altitude is euphoria, followed by depression.” 然后是物理空间。气压和氧气水平较低，这会影响我们的精神状态。飞机上的情况类似于海拔 2,400 米的情况。在这个高度减少的氧气会影响大脑。根据美国医学研究所的一项研究：“在高海拔地区经历的最初情绪是欣快感，然后是抑郁症。”And what about the movies themselves? Virgin say top culprits include tearjerkers such as Billy Elliot, Eat Pray Love and, at number one position, Toy Story 3. Their emotional firepower even caused the aeroplane to slap tongue-in-cheek “emotional health warnings” on select movies back in 2011. 那么电影本身呢？维珍表示，罪魁祸首包括催人泪下的人，例如比利·埃利奥特（Billy Elliot）、《吃祈祷的爱》（Eat Pray Love）和排名第一的《玩具总动员》（Toy Story 3）。他们的情感火力甚至导致飞机在 2011 年在精选电影中开玩笑地发出“情感健康警告” .Virgin Atlantic film critic Jason Solomons said at the time, "On a flight, we're isolated, leaving loved ones or aching to be reunited with them. We're nervous, we're tired, we might have had a drink at a time we usually wouldn't, and if we see an image, a scene that reflects our emotional state, frankly we're suckers. Flying and films is a heady cocktail.维珍航空影评人杰森·所罗门斯（Jason Solomons）当时说：“在飞机上，我们被孤立，离开亲人或渴望与他们团聚。我们很紧张，我们很累，我们可能会在某个有时我们通常不会，如果我们看到一个图像，一个反映我们情绪状态的场景，坦率地说，我们是傻瓜。飞行和电影是一种令人陶醉的鸡尾酒。词汇表I can’t help but 我情不自禁地，我忍不住well up （眼泪）涌出cabin 客舱trashy 质量低劣的crooner 情歌歌手（通常指男歌手）get this （固定搭配）听听这个bury 埋藏heightened emotions 高亢的情绪tap into 进入，深入了解invest 投入altitude 海拔高度euphoria 亢奋，异常兴奋culprit 罪魁祸首tearjerker 催人泪下的电影（书、戏剧等）firepower 火力tongue-in-cheek 开玩笑地isolated 隔离的，孤独的emotional state 情绪状态sucker 容易上当受骗的人cocktail 混合物，鸡尾酒