The Bottom Line

Outsourcing has had a bad press over the years: What with taxpayers being charged for tagging offenders who were dead, the fiasco over security at the London Olympics and the earlier trend for companies to shift operations to call centres in India. Evan Davis and guests look beyond the negative headlines to examine the pros and cons of getting an outside supplier to do some of your work. And they'll find out how outsourcing has enabled the creators of a chilli sauce to expand from the garden shed to the shelves of hundreds of stores.Guests:Rupert Soames, CEO, Serco Paul Blantern, CEO, Northampstonshire County Council Kuldip Singh Sehota, CEO Mr Singh's SauceProducer: Sally Abrahams.

The scandal at FIFA is just the latest story of corporate corruption to dominate the news. What steps can businesses take to avoid getting caught up in corruption, particularly in countries and sectors where bribery is the norm? What is legitimate business conduct and what crosses the line into illegality? Evan Davis and his guests discuss:Emma Sharma, Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer for the Supreme Group Hugh Miles of The Al Shafie Miles Consultancy Leo Martin of Good CorporationProducer: Jim Frank.

If your business venture doesn't succeed, how can you be sure it's worth trying again before admitting defeat? More than 50% of businesses fail within 5 years, yet for many, failure is a necessary part of success. Even Bill Gates and Steve Jobs didn't get it right first time. Evan Davis's guests discuss the important lessons they've learned from their business mistakes and speak candidly about the personal and financial impact of failing. How do you overcome the stigma of failure and what skills are required to bounce back when your business has bombed?Guests: Bill Cullen, Chairman, Bill Cullen Motor Group Katarina Skoberne, Co-founder and former CEO, OpenAd Stuart Miller, Co-founder and CEO, ByBox GroupProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Why is UK productivity lower than in many other countries?Evan Davis begins a new series of The Bottom Line by looking at the productivity problem. The programme asks what productivity really means and how different sectors go about measuring it.Evan hears from three chief executives in three different sectors: manufacturing; advertising and health. How can productivity be measured and improved in these diverse sectors? How, for example, should the productivity of a doctor or nurse be measured?Guests: Dame Julie Moore, Chief Executive of University Hospitals Birmingham Brian Holliday Managing Director, Managing Director for Siemens Digital Factory UK James Murphy, Founder and Chief Executive of Adam and Eve DDB AdvertisingProducer: Jim Frank.

Phone hacking, financial mis-selling and fraud: How do companies recover from scandal and negative headlines? Evan Davis and guests discuss the skills and strategy required to bounce back.Guests:Niall Booker, CEO, Co-operative BankMike Darcey, CEO, News UKStephen Hester, CEO, RSAProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Premier League Chief Executive Richard Scudamore joins Evan Davis and guests to discuss the economics and business of football.In light of the recent Premier League TV deal, worth a staggering £5 billion pounds, this week Evan and guests discuss its implications for football both in the UK and in other markets. Whilst the top players can expect even bigger salaries, how will the deal impact on fans and clubs outside the top division? Three top football executives discuss including Premier League Chief Executive, Richard Scudamore. Producer: Jim Frank.

Whether you're selling breakfast cereals, criminal tags or excavator buckets, expanding your business overseas can be a game changer. But when's the right time to export and which countries should you target? Evan Davis and guests discuss the ups and downs of trading internationally. They'll share their stories on why it can be easier to sell abroad than at home, how to adapt products for a new market and why doing your homework can ensure that nothing is lost in translation. Top tips on how to make exporting a business boost not a foreign flop. Guests:Sara Murray, Founder and CEO, BuddiGiles Turrell, CEO, WeetabixJacqui Miller, Director, Miller International.

Sock Shop, Golden Wonder and Lehman Brothers: big names that once dominated the high street, the supermarket shelves and the financial world. They faded from view, yet still exist today. What prompted their demise? How did they lose market share? Evan Davis and guests discuss the rise and fall of these iconic companies and explore whether they can ever reach the success of their golden years.Guests:Vimal Ruia, Managing Director, Sock ShopPaul Allen, CEO, TaytoTony Lomas, Chief Administrator, Lehman Brothers in the UKProducer: Sally Abrahams.

The science and psychology of the queue. This week Evan and his guests look at how businesses manage queuing. We're often told that queuing is one of those quintessential British habits which embodies our sense of fair play: that we should wait our turn. Despite technological innovation. queuing remains one of those unavoidable things we all have to do: be that on-line, waiting for a bus or to pay for our groceries at the check-out. But what does it mean for businesses? How do they go about managing queues and our expectations of those as customers? Producer: Jim Frank.

Artificial snow, a plastic hairbrush and a non-spill baby beaker: How do you turn an idea into a successful business? Three entrepreneurs discuss with Evan Davis the process of designing a product and getting it onto the market. How do you finance the project and what's the best way to protect your design from copycats? We'll hear how one inventor risked everything in a legal battle against a company that stole her design. And discover how to create more than 200 types of fake snow. Guests: Shaun Pulfrey, Founder and CEO, Tangle TeezerMandy Haberman, Founder, Haberman ProductsDarcey Crownshaw, Founder and MD, Snow Business Producer: Sally Abrahams.

It's soft, shiny and rare. A symbol of love, of power, of wealth - gold has been prized for thousands of years, its value rises and falls as the economies round it fluctuate. Yet there's only a limited supply of it and demand is high: for jewellery, technology, by central banks and investors. But after more than a decade of rising prices, the value of gold is down. So how to make money from this precious metal? Evan Davis and guests follow its journey from the gold mines of west Africa to the workshops of an east London jewellery maker. What are the risks, responsibilities and rewards for those who mine it, invest in it and manufacture with it?Guests:Nolan Watson, CEO, Sandstorm GoldMark Bristow, CEO, Randgold ResourcesElizabeth Hunt, Director, Allied GoldProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Naked bath bombs, in-store coffee shops and customer satisfaction charts: Evan Davis and guests discuss some of the secrets to retailing success. Each of them runs of a chain of stores but with hundreds, even thousands of outlets both here and abroad, how do they maintain their brand identity? And what persuades customers to buy their products ahead of their rivals'?Guests: Mark Constantine, Founder and Managing Director, Lush cosmeticsDebbie Robinson, Managing Director, Spar UKRobert Forrester, Founder and CEO, Vertu Motors plc.

How should we price services? By the hour? By results? Or by the difficulty of the task? And what impact does each model have on how businesses are run? In the first of a new series Evan Davis and guests look at the history of how we've priced our time and expertise and why this may be about to change. Guests : Christopher Saul, senior partner, Slaughter & May Debbie Klein, UK CEO, The Engine Group Russell Quirk, Founder, EMoov.

What is the role of a business leader? To tell staff what to do or allow them to decide for themselves? One theory about management is that it should turn itself upside-down and permit those closest to the customer to dictate all sorts of business decisions including pricing, marketing and how to deal with complaints. This programme, first broadcast in 2013, won the Wincott Radio Journalism of the Year Award.Guests John Timpson, Chairman Timpson Group Nikki King, Honorary Chair, Isuzu Truck UK Sir Gerry Robinson, Chairman Moto Hospitality Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Taittinger champagne, Clarks shoes, Theakstons beer - three famous and successful family businesses that have passed down through the generations. So what prompted members of those families to leave the original firms and set up rival brands of their own? Producing champagne, making shoes and brewing beer. What's it like to compete with the companies they've known all their lives? And how easy is it to make their mark? Guests:Paul Theakston, Founder and Chairman, Black Sheep BreweryVirginie Taittinger, Founder, Virginie TGalahad Clark, Founder and Managing Director, VivobarefootProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Very few companies survive for centuries. Evan Davis hears from a luxury jeweller, a removals firm and a diversified business that makes money from ships, finance and groceries. Between them they have nearly a thousand years of business experience. What strategies have they embarked on to ensure that they live long and prosper? Has their history become a burden or a motivator? And have they sacrificed growth for corporate longevity? Guests: Sir Michael Bibby, MD The Bibby Line Michael Wainwright, CEO Boodles Stuart Burnett, Partner Shore Porters SocietyProducer: Rosamund Jones.

From smartglasses to smartwatches, tech companies like Apple, Google and Samsung are investing big money in technology that you can wear. They're designed to keep us eternally connected, fully fit and super smart. But will they go mainstream or are they still the preserve of the gadget geeks? Evan Davis and guests discuss how fitness bands that measure how far you walk and how deeply you sleep could transform our healthcare. And hear about the intelligent fabric that's set to revolutionise the way US and British soldiers are kitted out. Guests:Andy Griffiths, President, Samsung UK and Ireland Asha Peta Thompson, Co-founder, Intelligent Textiles Joss Langford, Technical Director, ActivinsightsProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Flash sale companies are growing fast. Evan Davis and guests discuss how this new retail sector is changing the way we shop. How does the business model work? Just how low can the prices go? And are these internet discounters a help or a hindrance for luxury brands?Guests : Victoria Walton, co-founder Sportpursuit Jamie Jackson, executive vice-chairman MySale Group Ilan Benhaim, co-founder Vente-PriveeProducer : Rosamund Jones.

Online postings about hotels, restaurants, hairdressers, electricians: How much can you trust the views of a total stranger when it comes to deciding what to buy, where to go and whose skills and services to employ? How do review sites monitor their online ratings and ensure they're genuine? Evan Davis and guests discuss the power of user-generated reviews that can make or break a business. What can firms do to limit the damage of a bad review and how can they maximise a positive review? Guests:Stephen Kaufer, President and CEO, TripAdvisorColleen Curtis, Vice President, European Marketing, YelpKevin Byrne, Founder and CEO, CheckatradeProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Social advertising: Evan Davis and guests discuss the growing power of celebrities, the rise of the money-making super-fans who "like" their products and the vloggers with consumer clout. How effective are these new social campaigns and how will they change the advertising industry?Guests: Edwina Dunn, CEO Starcount; Dominic Burch, senior director marketing innovation and new revenue Asda; Robin Grant, co-founder We Are Social.Producer: Rosamund Jones.

The best person for the job? Evan Davis hears from four bosses who took back control of the companies they had once founded. Why did they leave and what events made them return? From boardroom coups to corporate collapses, entrepreneurs explain how they took the helm - for the second time - of the businesses they knew so well. What had changed while they were away? And what were the very first decisions they made when they walked back through the doors?Guests: Steve Morgan, founder, Redrow; Louise O'Sullivan, founder, Anam Technologies; Nick and Kath Whitworth, co-founders, Celtic & Co.Producer: Sally Abrahams.

Faulty children's beds, mislabelled horsemeat burgers and exploding dishwashers are among the products recalled by companies in the UK to protect the health and safety of consumers. Evan Davis and guests discuss the process for recalling defective items and find out how quickly manufacturers and distributors must act. What are the logistics of getting back hundreds of thousands of products from consumers? And what impact does a recall have on a company's reputation? Does it reassure or unnerve customers?Guests:Gerard Bos, Customer Relations Manager for UK and Ireland, IkeaChris Dee, Chief Operating Officer, E.H BoothVince Shiers, Managing Director, RQA GroupProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Civil war in Sierra Leone, political unrest in Ukraine, the Japanese tsunami and Hurricane Sandy on the east coast of the US - three guests tell Evan Davis how they led businesses through periods of unexpected and extended turmoil. Guests : Peter Kaye, Director of Business Development, Pilgrims Group Bryan Disher, Ukraine Country Manager, PWC Mary Bahsoon, Co-owner Bennimix Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Making money from old phones, engines and plastic bottles is the topic for Evan Davis and guests. How do you ensure that you collect what others throw away? How much profit is there really to be had from creating new from old? And why aren't milk bottle tops quite the colour they once were? Guests Charlo Carabott, co-founder & CEO Mazuma Mobile Matt Bulley, managing director Caterpillar Reman Europe Chris Dow, Founder & CEO Closed Loop Recycling Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Would you tell your boss you had depression? In The Bottom Line this week, Evan Davis hears from three successful business people who talk openly about what it's like to experience severe mental illness whilst running their companies. They'll explain the risks and rewards of going public about mental ill health problems: the reaction from investors and the impact on staff. And we'll hear why being open about mental illness can lead to a happier, healthier workplace.Guests:Lord Stevenson of Coddenham, entrepreneur and former Chairman of HBOS and Pearson; Andrea Woodside, Founder, Minding Work Limited; and Charlie Mowat, Managing Director, The Clean SpaceProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Can you conquer the world by selling only one product? Many companies start small, focusing their energies on a single item, with plans to expand into other areas once the business takes off. But not everyone wants to diversify. Some prefer to do one thing and do it well, rather than risk diluting the brand and perhaps also the quality of the goods. In this edition of The Bottom Line, Evan Davis talks to three companies that have stuck with the core product that made them a success in the first place. They'll discuss the benefits of keeping focused, the challenges of staying ahead of the game and explore the perils of relying on just one source of income. Does it make good business sense to put all your eggs in one basket?Guests:Vince Gunn, Managing Director, Crocs EuropeCarolyn Komminsk, Head of Creative, MaclarenBill Noble, Managing Director, WD40 CompanyProducer: Sally Abrahams.

How big is the market for halal - not just food, but holidays, fashion and music too? Muslim consumers - and how best to serve them - are the topics this week. Evan Davis talks to entrepreneurs who think they know the answer and asks how much can established companies learn from them.Guests :Shelina Janmohamed, Ogilvy Noor Elnur Seyidli, HalalBooking.com Shazia Saleem, ieat foodsProducer : Rosamund Jones.

Making money from products with a controversial image is the topic for Evan Davis and his guests who represent companies selling drugs and sex toys. These companies are testing our morals and the regulations set up to protect them. So how do you market products that many people disapprove of? And how do you manage the social and business opprobrium you encounter?Guests : Jean Rasbridge, founder ECigaretteDirect.co.uk Andy Williams, co-founder Medicine Man Denver Neal Slateford, co-founder LoveHoneyProducer : Rosamund Jones.

The new economy based on bitcoins, the computer-generated crypto-currency, is the subject for discussion. What can you buy with them and as the market fluctuates wildly, can investors hold their nerve? The programme will look at how the bitcoin craze began and whether the world really does need another currency. Evan Davis's guests are from new companies hoping to cash in - one trades bitcoins, another stores them and the third enables you to spend them online.Contributors :Marc Warne, Bittylicious Nicolas Cary, Blockchain Moe Levin, BitpayProducer : Rosamund Jones.

Can you keep business safe from hackers? Many companies now feel besieged by constant attacks and few can claim not to have been targeted. In the first of a new series of the award-winning The Bottom Line Evan Davis and guests discuss the anatomy of a cyber attack - where the threats are coming from and how best to respond. And they'll ask - should businesses be more honest about the security breaches they've faced?Guests Richard Knowlton, Group Corporate Security Director, Vodafone Rashmi Knowles, Chief Security Architect, RSA Seth Berman, Executive MD, Stroz FriedbergProducer : Sally Abrahams.

Serving the super-rich: what do the seriously wealthy do with their money? How do they preserve or spend their multi-million or even billion pound fortunes? And who is helping them manage those assets? With more billionaires in the world than ever before, working for the very rich is a growth industry. Whether finding staff for their superyacht or helping them give away the money, there's a raft of businesses ready to serve the ultra high net worth individual. Evan Davis talks to three firms whose job is to serve the wealthy elite.Guests:Richard Wilson, CEO, Billionaire Family OfficeKaren Clark, Director and Head of Private Clients, SandAireLucy Challenger, Manager, Bespoke BureauProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Turning up the heat: the new energy companies breaking into a market dominated by big established firms. Evan Davis meets two small entrants to the sector to find out how they're gaining market share. Is the strategy to compete on price, customer service or green credentials? He'll discuss the role of the price comparison websites in encouraging customers to switch providers and hear how some smaller companies are cutting gas and electricity bills when their bigger rivals aren't.Guests:Dale Vince, Founder and CEO, EcotricityStephen Fitzpatrick, Founder and Managing Director, Ovo EnergyAnn Robinson, Director of Consumer Policy at uSwitch.comProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Corporate turnaround and transformational tales. Evan Davis and guests discuss how companies fail, struggle and find their way again.Guests:Bruno Cercley, CEO of Rossignol Group Harriet Green OBE, CEO of Thomas Cook Group Martyn Gibbs, CEO of Game Retail LtdProducer: Kent DePinto.

Chocolate is a big business as well as a delicious indulgence. Evan Davis and guests discuss how this global industry is tackling the pressures of rising food prices, speculation and climate change.Guests:Jonathan Horrell, Director of Global Sustainability of Mondelez International Sophi Tranchell, Managing Director of Divine Chocolate Kojo Amoo-Gottfried, Country Director of Cargill GhanaProducer: Kent DePinto.

Self-improvement: If you want to look better, feel better, perform better, there's no shortage of help available. Whether it's cosmetic surgery for the perfect body, fitness programmes to boost self-esteem, or self-help books to improve the mind, there's plenty of choice. But do they promise the world and fail to deliver - or give you the strength to achieve the personal growth you desire? Evan Davis and guests discuss the industry of making your life better.Guests: Jon Congdon, President and Co-Founder, Beachbody.com Carole Tonkinson, Publisher, Harper NonFictionJohn Ryan, Founder and Chairman, Make Yourself AmazingProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Business leaders spend their lives climbing the corporate ladder, so what happens when it is time to step off? Evan Davis and guests discuss life after CEO.Guests: Lord Browne of Madingley, former Chief Executive of BP Kate Wilson, former MD of Scholastic UK, Managing Director of Nosy Crow Robert Polet, former CEO of Gucci GroupProducer: Kent DePinto.

Successful TV formats like Big Brother, Pop Idol, X-Factor and Who Wants To Be A Millionaire are sold and broadcast all round the world, netting their creators billions of pounds. But how can you protect such a valuable asset? And are too many copycat versions saturating the market and crushing original ideas? Evan Davis finds out from those at the top of the lucrative global industry of TV formats.Guests: Charlie Parsons, Creator of Survivor and CEO, Castaway Television Productions Louise Pedersen, Managing Director, all3media international Ricardo Pereira, TV Globo Director for EuropeProducer: Sally Abrahams.

Business school or school of life? An MBA from a top business school is what defines many of today's high powered CEO's - but is the qualification worth the cost or are would-be entrepreneurs better off learning business acumen in the real world? Evan Davis debates with guests.Guests: Colin Drummond, Chairman of Viridor and Harvard MBA graduate Kim Winser, former CEO of Pringle, now CEO of Winser London Glenn Sykes, Associate Dean of The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, LondonProducer: Kent DePinto.

The "sharing" economy is the topic of discussion for Evan Davis & his guests in the first of a new series of The Bottom Line. The market is built around renting out your possessions to strangers and entrepreneurs have piled in to enable us to share our homes, cars, bikes, clothes, tools and much more besides. At its heart is the idea that business works better if it collaborates, rather than competes, with other companies. How disruptive might these innovative enterprises prove to be? How much profit can they make (and is that the point anyway?).Guests :Even Heggernes, UK & Ireland Country Manager, Airbnb Ali Clabburn, Founder, Liftshare Fiona Disegni, Founder, Rentez-VousProducer : Rosamund Jones.

Decorating your home is big business - in the UK and around the world. In China and India the home decor market is evolving fast - but will the result be a global homogenous style? Who sets the trends? And what do you do if your products lose their fashionable edge? Evan Davis and guests discuss the volatile world of design.Guests: Kelly Hoppen, founder Kelly Hoppen Interiors Andrew Graham, CEO Graham and Brown Lois Jacobs, Global CEO FitchProducer: Rosamund Jones.

It's the lifeblood of the world's economy, moving most of our imports and exports and around the globe. But shipping is changing: vessels and ports are getting bigger and competition for trade is coming from the Far East.Evan Davis and guests from the world of shipping discuss how ports are run and how the shipping business manages the risk of accidents and piracy.Guests:James Cooper - CEO of Associated British Ports. , a private company which owns and runs 21 ports in the UK. Kenneth MacLeod - Chairman of Stena Line UK and President of the UK Chamber of Shipping. Rupert Atkin - CEO of Talbot Underwriting and Chairman of the Lloyd's Market Association.Producer - Smita Patel.

Infrastructure projects can take decades to complete and are meant to last for generations. Planning for new rail networks, roads, bridges, airports - in the UK and overseas - all require assumptions and predictions about the future. What shape will the country's economy be in? Will the population grow or shrink? How might travel patterns change? And will the political regimes support the project over the years? Evan Davis and guests discuss the problems and pitfalls of planning for the long view.Guests: Alison Munro, CEO HS2 Tushar Prabhu, co-owner, Pell Frischmann Richard Deakin, CEO NATS Producer: Rosamund Jones.

When the world economy is booming, many corporate bosses love nothing more than buying each other's companies. Takeovers, mergers and acquisitions soar. But evidence tends to suggest that many of the arrangements are a waste of time, so why are deals so seductive? On the Bottom Line, Evan Davis and guests discuss why deals go right and what happens when they go wrong. Guests: Sir George Buckley - former CEO, 3M and currently Chairman Designate of the engineering group Smiths Sir Michael Rake - Chairman of BT Group and Deputy Chairman of Barclays Juergen Maier - MD of Siemens UK and Ireland Producer: Smita Patel.

What is the role of a business leader? To tell staff what to do or allow them to decide for themselves? One theory about management is that it should turn itself upside-down and permit those closest to the customer to dictate all sorts of business decisions including pricing, marketing and how to deal with complaints. Discussing these issues with Evan Davis are:John Timpson, Chairman Timpson Group Nikki King, CEO Isuzu Truck UK Sir Gerry Robinson, Chairman Moto HospitalityProducer : Rosamund Jones.

Where can you find a hand-stitched crochet blanket, the latest Lady Gaga video or sell your old sofa? Trading online makes it easier than ever to find a marketplace and gives the consumer a different and faster way to shop and browse. On The Bottom Line Evan Davis discusses the issues with:Nic Jones, Senior Vice President International, VEVO; Nicole Vanderbilt, MD Etsy; and François Coumau, General Manager for Continental Europe, eBay. Producer : Smita Patel.

Where there is war and fear there's money to be made from protection. In The Bottom Line, Evan Davis talks to ex-army leaders turned businessmen about the world of private defence and security work.Why are governments employing private contractors to do work previously done by the armed forces? How do those businesses maintain their reputations in such a controversial sector?Guests:Major General Graham Binns CBE, DSO, MC, a former British army officer, now CEO of Aegis Defence Services Limited.Major General Andrew Pringle, CB, CBE, President of KBR UK and a former British army officer.Gabriel Carter, Managing Director of LPD Risk Management.Producer: Smita Patel.

Big data has become big business as improvements in computer memory storage have made it possible to keep and analyse digital data on a scale previously unknown. Evan Davis and guests discuss how the ability to store information about us has created new industries and transformed others. Presenter: Evan DavisGuests: Dave Coplin, Chief Envisioning Officer and Director of Search, Microsoft UK; Konrad Feldman, CEO Quantcast; Lawrence Jones, Founder UK Fast.

The power of investors and their role in changing how business functions and is run is the discussion for Evan Davis and his guests. What is it like to be voted off the board by your shareholders? And is investor activism here to stay? And how should a company boss best manage the owners of the company?Guests Alison Carnwath, chair Land Securities Helena Morrissey, CEO Newton Asset Management Nigel Wilson, Group CEO Legal & GeneralProducers: Rosamund Jones/Lucy Proctor.

Water is the world's most precious resource. It's also big business. As climate changes and populations shift, getting water where it needs to be is a huge global challenge. And that's without the added problem of leakage. And how much should consumers pay for something that none of us can live without? Evan Davis and guests discuss an industry which has changed almost beyond recognition in just a few decades - from state-owned water providers to international business players. Guests: Peter Simpson, CEO Anglian Water Bryan Harvey, Vice President CH2M HILL Olivier Bret, CEO Veolia Water UK Producer : Rosamund Jones.

Predicting the future is a skill that can earn investors and businesses a fortune - but get it wrong and disaster looms. In sectors like energy and technology planning decades ahead is an absolute necessity - but how can CEOs know what the world will look like in 2030 and how do they persuade shareholders and staff to come along for the ride? Evan Davis meets three business leaders who are placing massive bets on the future of farming, biomass fuel and the creation of a hyper-connected global society and finds out about timing, balancing risk and holding your nerve.Also, the view from America, Sweden and the UK on corporate tax is discussed.Guests: Dorothy Thompson, CEO, Drax Hans Vestberg, CEO, Ericsson Jim Rogers, investorProducer: Lucy Proctor.