Stuff You Missed in History Class

Tracy and Holly talk about aspects of Emily Hobhouse's work that make them feel conflicted, as well as the most moving parts of her life story. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hobhouse's work in South Africa continued after the second Anglo-Boer War was over, and her work as a humanitarian and peace activist continued during and after World War I. Research: "Boer War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 348-350. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045300221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=de8396d3. Accessed 17 June 2022. "Emily Hobhouse." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010793/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3ffba52e. Accessed 17 June 2022. Brits, Elsabé. “Emily Hobhouse: Beloved Traitor.” Tafelberg. 2016. Brown, Heloise. “Feminist Responses to the Anglo-Boer War.” From “The Truest Form of Patriotism: Pacifist Feminism in Britain, 1870-1902.” https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/9781526137890/9781526137890.00015.xml Donaldson, Peter. "The Boer War and British society: Peter Donaldson examines how the British people reacted to the various stages of the South African war of 1899-1902." History Review, no. 67, Sept. 2010, pp. 32+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A237304031/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=27ca4148. Accessed 17 June 2022. Gill, Rebecca and Cornelis Muller. “The Limits of Agency: Emily Hobhouse’s international activism and the politics of suffering.” The Journal of South African and American Studies Volume 19, 2018. Hobhouse, Emily. “Dust-Women.” The Economic Journal. Vol. 10, no. 39, Sept. 1900. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2957231 Hobhouse, Emily. “To the Committee of the Distress Fund for South African Women and Children. Report.” 1901. https://digital.lib.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.2/2530 Krebs, Paula M. "Narratives of suffering and national identity in Boer War South Africa." Nineteenth-Century Prose, vol. 32, no. 2, fall 2005, pp. 154+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A208109719/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=15c90c3c. Accessed 17 June 2022. Nash, David. "THE BOER WAR AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CRITICS." History Today, vol. 49, no. 6, June 1999, p. 42. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54913073/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5d18555b. Accessed 17 June 2022. Pretorius, Fransjohan. “Concentration camps in the South African War? Here are the real facts.” The Conversation. 2/18/2019. https://theconversation.com/concentration-camps-in-the-south-african-war-here-are-the-real-facts-112006 Sultan, Mena. “Emily Hobhouse and the Boer War.” The Guardian. 3/3/2019. https://www.theguardian.com/gnmeducationcentre/from-the-archive-blog/2019/jun/03/emily-hobhouse-and-the-boer-war Tan BRY. “Dissolving the colour line: L. T. Hobhouse on race and liberal empire.” European Journal of Political Theory. May 2022. doi:10.1177/14748851221093451 Van Heyningen, Elizabeth. “Costly Mythologies: The Concentration Camps of the South African War in Afrikaner Historiography.” Journal of Southern African Studies , Sep., 2008. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40283165 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Hobhouse was a pacifist and humanitarian all her life. Part one covers her work exposing terrible conditions at the concentration camps that Britain established in South Africa during the Anglo-Boer War. Research: "Boer War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 348-350. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045300221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=de8396d3. Accessed 17 June 2022. "Emily Hobhouse." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010793/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3ffba52e. Accessed 17 June 2022. Brits, Elsabé. “Emily Hobhouse: Beloved Traitor.” Tafelberg. 2016. Brown, Heloise. “Feminist Responses to the Anglo-Boer War.” From “The Truest Form of Patriotism: Pacifist Feminism in Britain, 1870-1902.” https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/9781526137890/9781526137890.00015.xml Donaldson, Peter. "The Boer War and British society: Peter Donaldson examines how the British people reacted to the various stages of the South African war of 1899-1902." History Review, no. 67, Sept. 2010, pp. 32+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A237304031/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=27ca4148. Accessed 17 June 2022. Gill, Rebecca and Cornelis Muller. “The Limits of Agency: Emily Hobhouse’s international activism and the politics of suffering.” The Journal of South African and American Studies Volume 19, 2018. Hobhouse, Emily. “Dust-Women.” The Economic Journal. Vol. 10, no. 39, Sept. 1900. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2957231 Hobhouse, Emily. “To the Committee of the Distress Fund for South African Women and Children. Report.” 1901. https://digital.lib.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.2/2530 Krebs, Paula M. "Narratives of suffering and national identity in Boer War South Africa." Nineteenth-Century Prose, vol. 32, no. 2, fall 2005, pp. 154+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A208109719/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=15c90c3c. Accessed 17 June 2022. Nash, David. "THE BOER WAR AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CRITICS." History Today, vol. 49, no. 6, June 1999, p. 42. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54913073/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5d18555b. Accessed 17 June 2022. Pretorius, Fransjohan. “Concentration camps in the South African War? Here are the real facts.” The Conversation. 2/18/2019. https://theconversation.com/concentration-camps-in-the-south-african-war-here-are-the-real-facts-112006 Sultan, Mena. “Emily Hobhouse and the Boer War.” The Guardian. 3/3/2019. https://www.theguardian.com/gnmeducationcentre/from-the-archive-blog/2019/jun/03/emily-hobhouse-and-the-boer-war Tan BRY. “Dissolving the colour line: L. T. Hobhouse on race and liberal empire.” European Journal of Political Theory. May 2022. doi:10.1177/14748851221093451 Van Heyningen, Elizabeth. “Costly Mythologies: The Concentration Camps of the South African War in Afrikaner Historiography.” Journal of Southern African Studies , Sep., 2008. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40283165 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers the Cuyahoga River catching fire for the last time in 1969. This event is often credited with helping pass the Clean Water Act and inspire the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss Deborah Sampson’s disguise as Robert Shurtlliff and women who were camp followers in the Revolutionary War. They also discuss Major Richard Bibb waiting until his death to emancipate his enslaved workforce.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

John Bibb is credited with cultivating Bibb lettuce. But his family’s legacy, good and bad, is all tied to having enslaved people build their familial wealth. Research: Seek Museum. https://www.seekmuseum.org/ O’Neal, Lonnae. “The bitter harvest of Richard Bibb: A descendant of slavery confronts her inheritance.” Andscape. October 14, 2019. https://andscape.com/features/the-bitter-harvest-of-richard-bibb-a-descendant-of-slavery-confronts-her-inheritance/ “Bibb Contributed to Logan’s Black History.” March 1, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/554440735/?terms=John%20B.%20Bibb&match=1 Sanders, “John M. Bibb,” ExploreKYHistory, accessed June 23, 2022, https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/47. “Bibb Town.” The Courier-Journal of Louisville, Kentucky. Oct. 10, 1897. https://www.newspapers.com/image/32971252/?terms=John%20B.%20Bibb&match=1 “The African-American Mosaic – Colonozation.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam002.html Metzmeier, Kurt X., Constructing Freedom: A Letter by George M. Bibb Concerning the Will of the Rev. Richard Bibb, Sr. (2016). 9 Unbound: A Review of Legal History and Rare Books 133 (2016), University of Louisville School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series No. 2017-5, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2919345 “Townhouse of Maj. Richard Bibb.” The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=123348 Goff, John S. “THE LAST LEAF: GEORGE MORTIMER BIBB.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, vol. 59, no. 4, 1961, pp. 331–42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23374698. Morrow, Michael. “Bibb Slaves Sent to Liberia in Africa in 1832.” The Logan Journal. November 2009. http://theloganjournal.com/Stories.aspx?Article=guests10 Goff, John S. “THE LAST LEAF: GEORGE MORTIMER BIBB.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, vol. 59, no. 4, 1961, pp. 331–42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23374698 Swietek, Wes. “Unique bonds: Descendants of slaves and the man who freed them gather for reunion.” Bowling Green Daily News. August 3, 2019. https://www.bgdailynews.com/news/unique-bonds-descendants-of-slaves-and-the-man-who-freed-them-gather-for-reunion/article_140eccb6-4f51-59dd-b1df-7f2892c0e02a.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Deborah Sampson could count William Bradford and Myles Standish in her family tree. That tree didn’t include Robert Shurtlliff; that was the alias Deborah used to enlist in the Continental Army. Research: "Deborah Sampson." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 37, Gale, 2017. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010696/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=67aa7490. Accessed 13 June 2022. Cowan, Leigh Alison. “The Woman Who Sneaked Into George Washington’s Army.” New York Times. 7/2/2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/arts/design/the-woman-who-sneaked-into-george-washingtons-army.html Davis, Curtis Carroll. “A ‘Galantress’ Gets Her Due: The Earliest Published Notice of Deborah Sampson.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 1981-10-21: Vol 91 Iss 2. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517675.pdf Foner, Philip S. “Black Participation in the Centennial of 1876.” Phylon (1960-) , 4th Qtr., 1978, Vol. 39, No. 4 (4th Qtr., 1978). https://www.jstor.org/stable/274895 Gannett, Deborah Sampson. “Diary of Deborah Sampson Gannett in 1802 (facsimile).” Facsimile by Eugene Tappan. 1901. https://archive.org/details/diaryofdeborahsa00gann/ Grant De Pauw, Linda. “REPLY: Deborah Sampson Gannett.” H-Minvera Discussion Logs. 2/9/2000. https://lists.h-net.org/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-minerva&month=0002&week=b&msg=7zkXCrd1QbfeT5kbVeln8A&user=&pw= Hiltner, Judith. “’The Example of our Heroine’: Deborah Sampson and the Legacy of Herman Mann's The Female Review.” American Studies , Spring, 2000, Vol. 41, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40643118 Hiltner, Judith. “She Bled in Secret’: Deborah Sampson, Herman Mann and ‘The Female Review.’” Early American Literature , 1999, Vol. 34, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25057161 Hiltner, Judth R. “’Like a Bewildered Star": Deborah Sampson, Herman Mann, and ‘Address, Delivered with Applause’.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly , Spring, 1999, Vol. 29, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3886083 Historic New England. “Gown.” https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/189811/ Katz, Brigit. “Diary Sheds Light on Deborah Sampson, Who Fought in the Revolutionary War.” Smithsonian. 7/2/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/diary-sheds-light-deborah-sampson-who-fought-revolutionary-war-180972547/ Lafleur, Greta L. “Precipitous Sensations: Herman Mann's ‘The Female Review’ (1797), Botanical Sexuality, and the Challenge of Queer Historiography.” Early American Literature , 2013, Vol. 48, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24476307 Letter from Paul Revere to William Eustis, 20 February 1804. Transcript. https://www.masshist.org/database/viewer.php?item_id=326&img_step=1&mode=transcript#page1 Mann, Herman. “The female review: or, Memoirs of an American young lady; whose life and character are peculiarly distinguished--being a Continental soldier, for nearly three years, in the late American war. During which time, she performed the duties of every department, into which she was called, with punctual exactness, fidelity and honor, and preserved her chastity inviolate, by the most artful concealment of her sex. : With an appendix, containing charcteristic traits, by different hands; her taste for economy, principles of domestic education, &c..” 1797 . https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N24494.0001.001?view=toc Michals, Debra, editor. “Deborah Sampson.” National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/deborah-sampson Michals, Debra. "Margaret Cochran Corbin." National Women's History Museum. 2015. www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/margaret-cochran-corbin. Nell, William C. “Colored Patriots of the American Revolution.” Robert F. Wallcut. 1855. https://archive.org/details/coloredpatriots00stowgoog/ Nellis, Rachel. “Deborah Sampson at War.” The American Revolution Institute. May 15, 2020. https://www.americanrevolutioninstitute.org/video/deborah-sampson-at-war/ Norwood, William Frederick. “Deborah Sampson, Alias Robert Shirtliff, Fighting Female of the Continental Line.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine. March-April 1957. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/44443973 Phoner, Philip S. “Black Participation in the Centennial of 1876.” Phylon (1960-) , 4th Qtr., 1978, Vol. 39, No. 4. Via JSTOR. : https://www.jstor.org/stable/274895 Roberts, Cokie. “Founding Mothers.” Excerpted at the Museum of the American Revolution. https://www.amrevmuseum.org/read-the-revolution/founding-mothers Serfilippi, Jessie. “Deborah Sampson.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon Center for Digital History. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/deborah-sampson/ Sharon Historical Society. “Publications of the Sharon Historical Society of Sharon, Massachusetts.” 1905. https://archive.org/details/publicationsofsh02shar/ See omnystudio.com/li

This episode revisits the studio version of our live show the 2018 Seneca Falls Convention Days at Women's Rights National Historical Park. Lucretia Mott was small of stature, but made a huge impact as an abolition and women's rights activist, guided by her deeply held Quaker beliefs.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about part of the Laocoön's story that didn't make it into the episode, and the ongoing debate about the sculpture. They also talk about Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor's tenacity, as well as dentists being unable to retire. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lucy Hobbs, later Lucy Hobbs Taylor, pursued a career in dentistry before that was recognized as an acceptable vocation for a woman. She got told no a lot, but became a well-respected leader in the field. Research: Kansas Historical Society. “Lucy Hobbs Taylor.” Kansapedia. https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/lucy-hobbs-taylor/15500 Hannelore T. Loevy, Aletha A. Kowitz, “How the Middle West was won: women enter dentistry.” International Dental Journal. Volume 48, Issue 2, 1998. Pages 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.1998.tb00466.x. EDWARDS, RALPH W. “THE FIRST WOMAN DENTIST LUCY HOBBS TAYLOR, D. D. S. (1833-1910).” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 25, no. 3, 1951, pp. 277–83. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44443642. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lucy Hobbs Taylor". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucy-Hobbs-Taylor “The Orphans’ Home.” The Western Odd Fellow. (Topeka, Kansas) Nov. 1, 1893. https://www.newspapers.com/image/486410523/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “About Women.” Arkansas Democrat. Dec. 9, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/165471168/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 University of Michigan Sindecuse Museum. “Lucy Beaman Hobbs Taylor.” https://www.sindecusemuseum.org/lucy-beaman-hobbs-taylor “Death of Mrs. Taylor.” Jeffersonian Gazette. Oct. 5, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/71346872/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “Real Estate Transfers.” Jeffersonian Gazette. Jan 10, 1906. https://www.newspapers.com/image/71348331/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “The Mallet in Dentistry.” Vermont Record. Dec. 22, 1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/489909413/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%22&match=1 “Our Illustrious Rebekahs.” The Western Odd Fellow. Aug. 15, 1895. https://www.newspapers.com/image/486410900/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “Resolutions by Dentists.” Lawrence Daily Journal. Sept. 16, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/510842026/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 https://lloydlibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/The-Eclectic-Medical-Institute-of-Cincinnati-Analysis.pdf https://dentallifeline.org/resources/10-women-in-dentistry-that-have-made-an-impact/#:~:text=Lucy%20Hobbs%20Taylor%3A%20The%20first,Taylor%20(born%20in%201833). “Ellenburch, N.Y.” Burlington Democrat. July 27, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355391563/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%22&match=1 “Valued as a Keepsake.” The Jeffersonian Gazette. Oct. 12, 1910. https://www.newspapers.com/image/71346903/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “They Can Pull Teeth.” Chicago Tribune. Sept 7, 1895. https://www.newspapers.com/image/349465126/?terms=%22lucy%20hobbs%20taylor%22&match=1 “Dr. Lucy Hobbs Taylor, 1833-1910:A Lawrence, Kansas Pioneer in the History of Women in Dentistry.” Watkins Museum of History. May 6, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20171202053056/http://www.watkinsmuseum.org/archives/taylor.shtml See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Laocoön is a figure in Greek legend, and the inspiration for a beautiful sculpture in the Vatican Museums. And that work of art has been on quite a journey through time. Research: “ANN: Archaeologist and art dealer Ludwig Pollak and his family to be remembered by memorial stones.” Art Market Studies. Jan. 7, 2022. https://www.artmarketstudies.org/ann-archaeologist-and-art-dealer-ludwig-pollak-and-his-family-to-be-remembered-by-memorial-stones-rome-piazza-santi-apostoli-81-22-jan-2022-930am/ Tracy, S. V. “Laocoön’s Guilt.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 108, no. 3, 1987, pp. 451–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/294668. Darwin, Charles. “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.” 1872. Accessed online: https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Darwin/Darwin_1872_07.html The William Blake Archive. “LAOCOÖN (COMPOSED C. 1815, C. 1826-27).” http://www.blakearchive.org/work/Laocoön Richman-Abdou, Kelly. “All About ‘Laocoön and His Sons’: A Marble Masterpiece From the Hellenistic Period.” My Modern Met. January 9, 2019. https://mymodernmet.com/Laocoön-and-his-sons-statue/ Virgil. “The Aeneid Book II.” Poetry in Translation. https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/VirgilAeneidII.php#anchor_Toc536009309 Ludwig, Wolfgang. “Der dritte Arm des Laokoon.” Weiner Zeitung. Nov. 7, 2021. https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/kultur/kunst/2111677-Der-dritte-Arm-des-Laokoon.html Rudowski, Victor Anthony. “Lessing Contra Winckelmann.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 44, no. 3, 1986, pp. 235–43. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/429733 “Cast of Laocoön and his Sons (Roman version of a lost Greek original), c.100BC-50AD.” https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/Laocoön-and-his-sons-roman-version-of-a-lost-greek-original Squire, Michael. “Laocoön among the gods, or: On the theological limits of Lessing’s Grenzen’, in A. Lifschitz and M. Squire (eds.), Rethinking Lessing’s Laocoön: Classical Antiquity, the German Enlightenment, and the ‘Limits’ of Painting and Poetry.” Oxford University Press. 2017. Accessed online: https://www.academia.edu/35492441/M_Squire_Laocoön_among_the_gods_or_On_the_theological_limits_of_Lessing_s_Grenzen_in_A_Lifschitz_and_M_Squire_eds_Rethinking_Lessing_s_Laocoön_Classical_Antiquity_the_German_Enlightenment_and_the_Limits_of_Painting_and_Poetry_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_pp_87_132_2017 “Digital Sculpture Project: Laocoön.” http://www.digitalsculpture.org/Laocoön/index.html Müller, Joachim. "Gotthold Ephraim Lessing". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gotthold-Ephraim-Lessing Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Laocoön". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Aug. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Laocoön-Greek-mythology. http://www.digitalsculpture.org/Laocoön/index02.html Shattuck, Kathryn. “Is 'Laocoön' a Michelangelo forgery?” New York Times. April 20, 2005. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/20/arts/is-Laocoön-a-michelangelo-forgery.html Catterson, Lynn. “Michelangelo’s ‘Laocoön?’” Artibus et Historiae, vol. 26, no. 52, 2005, pp. 29–56. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/20067096/ Montoya, Ruben. “Did Michelangelo fake this iconic ancient statue?” National Geographic. July 16, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2022/03/this-italian-artist-became-the-first-female-superstar-of-the-renaissance Bruschi, Arnaldo. "Donato Bramante". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donato-Bramante Webber, Monique. “Who Says Michelangelo Was Right? Conflicting Visions of the Past in Early Modern Prints.” The Public Domain Review. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/who-says-michelangelo-was-right-conflicting-visions-of-the-past-in-early-modern-prints Grovier, Kelly. “Laocoön and His Sons: The revealing detail in an ancient find.” BBC. July 22, 2021. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20210721-laocon-and-his-sons-the-ultimate-expression-of-suffering Howard, Seymour. “On the Reconstruction of the Vatican Laocoon Group.” American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 63, no. 4, 1959, pp. 365–69. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/501788https://www.jstor.org/stable/501788 Price, Nicholas, et al. “Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage.” Getty Publications. Sept. 26, 1966. https://books.google.com/books?id=4wi7Bdd8sBQC&dq=%22this+arm,+entangled+by+the+snake,+must+have+been+folded+over+the+head+of+the+statue,%22yet+it+looks+as+if+the+arm+folded+above+the+head+would+have+in+some+way+made+the+work+wrong%3B%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Pliny the Elder, et al. “The Natural History.” Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. Accessed online: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:phi,0978,001:36:4 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode delves into urbanization and mechanization, and all the downsides they brought with them in Great Britain in the years after the Luddite Rebellion. In response, a radical group plotted to assassinate the Prime Minister's entire cabinet.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy reminisce about the use of the word cosplay in costuming groups and how much controversy it initially stirred up. They then discuss the unique life of Rebecca Cox Jackson and the demands of the Shaker way of life.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mother Rebecca Cox Jackson was an outlier among Shakers for a number of reasons, including that she established a community in the city of Philadelphia, which was the only known urban Shaker community. Research: PBS. “Rebecca Cox Jackson.” Brotherly Love Part 3: 1791-1831. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p247.html Weiss, Lorraine. “A Determined Voice: Mother Rebecca Cox Jackson.” Shaker Heritage Society of Albany New York. 1/1/2021. https://home.shakerheritage.org/mother_rebecca/ Williams, Richard E. “Called and chosen : the story of Mother Rebecca Jackson and the Philadelphia Shakers.” Cheryl Dorschner, editor. American Theological Library Association. 1981. New York Times. “Charges Jealousy in Shaker Colony.” March 21, 1909. Hull, Gloria T. “Review: Rebecca Cox Jackson and the Uses of Power.” Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature , Autumn, 1982, Vol. 1, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/464081 Humez, Jean McMahon. “Gifts of Power: The Writings of Rebecca Jackson, Black Visionary, Shaker Eldress.” University of Massachusetts Press. 1981. Foster, Lawrence. "Shakers." World Religions, Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1987. Macmillan Compendium. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2350085365/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fb8342ab. Accessed 9 June 2022. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly speaks with author Andrew Liptak about his upcoming book "The History of Cosplay," and the way that humans have used costume to play, tell stories and even protest throughout time. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2011 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina covers the artist's life and work. It also examines long-held beliefs about Vincent van Gogh and the debates regarding them. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about Falieri's strange shift from respectability to treason, all that slapping, and the city of Venice. They then discuss time zones and Tracy's difficulty with jet lag.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Humans have understood how to calculate the length of a day pretty accurately for a long time. But there wasn’t a standard way to approach time on a global scale until the late 19th century, and happened because of railroads. Research: “INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HELD AT WASHINGTON FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIXING A PRIME MERIDIAN AND A UNIVERSAL DAY.” (Protocols of the Proceedings.” October 1884. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17759/17759-h/17759-h.htm Fleming, Sandford. “Terrestrial time: a memoir.” 1876. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_06112/page/n17/mode/2up Fleming, Sandford. “Papers on time-reckoning and the selection of a prime meridian to be common to all nations.” 1879. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_03135/page/n17/mode/2up Creet, Mario. “FLEMING , Sir SANDFORD.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=7370 Creet, Mario. “Sandford Fleming and Universal Time.” Scientia Canadensis. Volume 14, numéro 1-2 (38-39). https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/scientia/1990-v14-n1-2-scientia3118/800302ar.pdf Shepardson, David. “U.S. Senate approves bill to make daylight saving time permanent.” Reuters. March 16, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-approves-bill-that-would-make-daylight-savings-time-permanent-2023-2022-03-15/ “What Shall Be the Prime Meridian for the World?” International institute for preserving and perfecting weights and measures. Committee on standard time.  Cleveland, O., 1884. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015019895203&view=1up&seq=8 Biggerstaff, Valerie. “Opinion: When Georgia had two time zones.” Appen Media. April 14, 2021. https://www.appenmedia.com/opinion/opinion-when-georgia-had-two-time-zones/article_0bb3e6c4-9c84-11eb-a1f5-6b1a42a8e61a.html Lange, Katie. “Daylight Saving Time Once Known As 'War Time.'” U.S. Department of Defense. March 8, 2019. https://www.defense.gov/News/Feature-Stories/story/Article/1779177/daylight-saving-time-once-known-as-war-time/ “DID BEN FRANKLIN INVENT DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME?” The Franklin Institute. https://www.fi.edu/benjamin-franklin/daylight-savings-time “United States Congressional Serial Set.” U.S. Government Printing Office. Volume 2296. 1885. Accessed online: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=_1JHAQAAIAAJ&rdid=book-_1JHAQAAIAAJ&rdot=1 Rosenberg, Matt. "The History and Use of Time Zones." ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-are-time-zones-1435358. “The New Railroad Time.” New York Times. Oct. 12, 1883. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1883/10/12/106260579.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Glass, Andrew. “President Wilson signs Standard Time Act, March 19, 1918.” Politico. March 19, 2018. https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/19/wilson-signs-standard-time-act-march-19-1918-467550 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Sandford Fleming". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Jan. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sandford-Fleming “History of Time Zones.” Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Feb. 21, 2021. https://www.bts.gov/geospatial/time-zones Gordon, Nicholas. “The Senate wants to make daylight saving time permanent—but that could leave Americans with less sleep and worse health.” Fortune. March 16, 2022. https://fortune.com/2022/03/16/daylight-saving-time-sleep-senate-protecting-sunshine-act/ “Public Law 89-387 – An ACT To promote the observance of a uniform system of time throughout the United States.” April 13, 1966. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Faliero was the 55th Doge of Venice, a man who was, at least for a time, well respected. But his legacy is that he was the only doge decapitated for treason.   Research:  "Marino Faliero." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 34, Gale, 2014. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010079/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=796d4353. Accessed 31 May 2022. Cavendish, Richard. "Execution of Marin Falier, doge of Venice: April 18th, 1355." History Today, vol. 55, no. 4, Apr. 2005, p. 53. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A131363600/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4773db7e. Accessed 31 May 2022. Ruggiero, Guido. "Venice." Dictionary of the Middle Ages, edited by Joseph R. Strayer, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2353203009/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=62ef4af1. Accessed 31 May 2022. Gardner, John. "Hobhouse, Cato Street and Marino Faliero." Byron Journal, vol. 30, no. 1, annual 2002, pp. 23+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A299760811/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b49771eb. Accessed 31 May 2022. Marijke Jonker, “‘Crowned, and Discrowned and Decapitated’: Delacroix’s The Execution of the Doge Marino Faliero and its Critics,” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 9, no. 2 (Autumn 2010), http://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/autumn10/delacroixs-execution-of-the-doge-marino-faliero-and-its-critics (accessed June 2, 2022). Byron, George Gordon. “Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice : an historical tragedy, in five acts : with notes ; The prophecy of Dante : a poem.” London. 1821. https://archive.org/details/marinofalierodog01byro Richardson, Jerusha D. and Mrs. Aubrey Richardson. “The Doges of Venice.” London, 1914. https://archive.org/details/cu31924030932812/ Robey, Tracy E. “"Damnatio memoriae": The Rebirth of Condemnation of Memory in Renaissance Florence.” Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 36, No.3.  Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43446248 Strathern, Paul. “The Spirit of Venice: From Marco Polo to Casanova.” London. Jonathan Cape. 2012. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers the fraud career of Cassie Chadwick. Her biggest con was convincing banks that she was the daughter of Andrew Carnegie.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about Alexis Soyer's legendary charm, Emma Jones, and famine soup. They also talk about the globes and maps they grew up with.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Mercator projection gets a lot of grief for distorting the relative sizes of different land masses, but Mercator’s map was actually pretty good at helping people navigate long distances at sea. Research: "A new view: A new world map projection seeks to minimse the problems inherent in flattening the globe." Geographical, vol. 93, no. 4, Apr. 2021, pp. 6+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A669328662/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=ab5b9ea8. Accessed 4 May 2022. Battersby, Sarah E. et al. “Implications of Web Mercator and Its Use in Online Mapping.” Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, Volume 49, Number 2, Summer 2014. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547504 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "cylindrical projection". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Oct. 2007, https://www.britannica.com/science/cylindrical-projection. Accessed 5 May 2022. DiSpezio, Michael A. “Seafarers, great circles, and a tad of rhumb: Understanding the Mercator Misconception.” Science Scope , NOVEMBER 2010, Vol. 34, No. 3. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43182923 Freitas, Pedro. “Pedro Nunes and Mercator: a Map From a Table of Rhumbs.” International Center for Mathematics. Bulletin #37. October 2016. http://www.cim.pt/magazines/bulletin/3/article/31/pdf Gaspar, Joaquim Alves and Henrique Leitão. “Squaring the Circle: How Mercator Constructed His Projection in 1569.” Imago Mundi, Vol. 66, No. 1 (2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24270927 "Gerardus Mercator." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, vol. 3, Gale, 2001. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2643411143/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=40780a22. Accessed 4 May 2022. Harvey, PDA. “Portolan charts before 1400.” British Library. https://www.bl.uk/picturing-places/articles/portolan-charts-before-1400 History Today. “Birth of Gerardus Mercator.” March 2012. "Introduction of the Mercator World Map Revolutionizes Nautical Navigation." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, vol. 3, Gale, 2001. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2643450266/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b5b64a31. Accessed 4 May 2022. Monmonier, Mark. “Rhumb Lines and Map Wars: A Social History of the Mercator Projection.” University of Chicago Press. 2004. Sokol, Joshua. “Can This New Map Fix Our Distorted Views of the World?” New York Times. 2/24/2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/24/science/new-world-map.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

At a young age, Alexis Soyer became a very well-known chef in both France and England, as popular for his fun personality as for his cooking. But he also left a legacy of invention and charity. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Armand-prince-de-Polignac Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "July Revolution". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/event/July-Revolution Guest, Ivor. "Fanny Cerrito". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fanny-Cerrito “Soyer stove, sealed pattern, 1953.” National Army Museum. https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=2002-12-6-1#:~:text=The%20Soyer%20stove%2C%20named%20after,modifications%20for%20over%20100%20years. Macmillan, Ann. “War Stories.” Simon and Schuster. 2018. Sandover, Cherry. “THE TRIUMPH OF FAME OVER DEATH: THE COMMEMORATIVE FUNERARY MONUMTHE ARTIST IN 19TH CENTURY BRITAIN AS SIGNIFIER OF IDENTITY.” University of Essex. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/12192637/SUMMARY_OF_THE_DISSERTATION_THE_TRIUMPH_OF_FAME_OVER_DEATH_THE_COMMEMORATIVE_FUNERARY_MONUMTHE_ARTIST_IN_19TH_CENTURY_BRITAIN_AS_SIGNIFIER_OF_IDENTITY_ Pickering, W. “Obituary – Madame Soyer.”  The Gentleman’s Magazine. Volume 172. 1842. https://books.google.com/books?id=rCZIAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA667#v=onepage&q&f=false Soyer, Alexis. “Memoirs of Alexis Soyer With Unpublished Receipts and Odds and Ends of Gastronomy.” Edited by F. Volant, et al. Cambridge University Press. 2014. Brandon, Ruth. “The People’s Chef.” Wiley. 2004.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers Anne Lister, who was looking for a wife at a time when many women sought husbands to ensure financial stability. She was also writing thousands of pages of diaries, including sections written in code about her relationships.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about the folklore aspects of Jack Sheppard's story, and how a mustache drawn on a photo of Charles Ponzi was part of Pulitzer Prize-winning journalism about that case.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

He’s synonymous with fraud today, but the most famous scheme Charles Ponzi pulled in his lifetime was surprisingly short-lived.  Research: "Charles Ponzi Cheats Thousands in Investment Scheme, 1919-1920." Historic U.S. Events, Gale, 2012. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2359030095/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=2fa9c993. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. "Ponzi Scheme." Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 8, Gale, 2010, pp. 32-35. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1337703388/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=156ed9f9. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. "Ponzi, Charles." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by James Craddock, 2nd ed., vol. 34, Gale, 2014, pp. 291-294. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3788300138/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b742c693. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. Baldwin, Herbert L. “Canadian ‘Ponsi’ Served Jail Term – Montreal Police, Jail Warden and Others Declare That Charles Ponzi of Boston and Charles Ponsi of Montreal Who Was Sentenced to Two and a Half years in Jail for Forgery on Italian Bank Are One And Same Man.” Boston Post. 8/11/1920. p. 1, 18. Boston Post. “Arrest in Ponzi Case May Be Made Today.” 8/12/1920. p.1, 22. Boston Post. “Boston Man Is Sued For $1,000,000.” 7/4/1920. p. 3. Boston Post. “Both Barron and Ponzi Give Talk.” 7/31/1920. p. 3. Boston Post. “Doubles Your Money in 90 days – 50 P.C. in 45.” 7/24/1920. p. 1, 4. Boston Post. “Entire Issue of Coupons Last Year Only $60,000.” 8/4/1920. p. 6. Boston Post. “Federal Officials Scout Ponzi Claim.” 7/31/2910. p. 1, 2. Boston Post. “Financial Editors Notes.” 7/26/1920. p. 13. Boston Post. “Great Run on Ponzi Continues Until Office Is Closed For Day.” 8/3/1920. p. 1, 2. Boston Post. “Million Is Paid Back by Ponzi.” 7/28/1920. p. 1, 24. Boston Post. “Officials Balked by Ponzi Puzzle.” 7/30/1920. p. 1, 11. Boston Post. “Ponzi Books In Hands of U.S. Auditor.” 7/31/1920. p. 1, 2. Boston Post. “Ponzi Closes; Not Likely to Resume.” 7/26/1920. p. 1, 7. Boston Post. “Ponzi Relates Story of His Life.” 8/9/1920. p. 16. Boston Post. “Questions the Motive Behind Ponzi Scheme.” 7/26/1920. p. 1, 6. Boston Post. “Seeking Source of Big Profits.” 7/28/1920.  p. 20. Boston Post. “Uncle Sam to Get the Facts of Ponzi’s Case.” 7/29/1920. p. 1, 24. Boston Sunday Post. “Ponzi Has a Rival Next Door to Him.” 7/25/1920. p. 1, 15. Darby, Mary. “In Ponzi We Trust.” Smithsonian. 12/1998. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-ponzi-we-trust-64016168/ Kerr, Jessie-Lynne. “Ponzi lived here: Infamous name tied to scheme was local.” Florida Times-Union. 12/21/2008. https://www.jacksonville.com/story/business/2008/12/22/ponzi-lived-here-infamous-name-tied-to-scheme-was-local/16001631007/ Mohamed, Alana. “The Ladies' Deposit: The 19th-Century Ponzi Scheme by Women, for Women.” Mental Floss. 5/14/2018. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/542689/ladies-deposit-19th-century-ponzi-scheme-women-women New England Historical Society. “Charles Ponzi, The Financial Idiot Who Drove Boston Money Mad in 1920.” https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/charles-ponzi-the-financial-idiot-who-drove-boston-money-mad-in-1920/ Smithsonian National Postal Museum. “Ponzi Scheme.” https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/behind-the-badge-case-histories-scams-and-schemes/ponzi-scheme Tampa Times. “Gave Up 195 Sq. Inches Cuticle.” 12/28/1912. p.6. Weisman, Steve. “The History of Ponzi Schemes Goes Deeper Than the Man Who Gave Them His Name.” Time. 8/12/2020. https://time.com/5877434/first-ponzi-scheme/ Zuckoff, Mitchell. “Ponzi’s Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend.” Random House. 2005. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jack Sheppard became sort of a serial breakout artist in 18th-century England. He was a real person who became a folk hero, but many of the accounts of his life are suspect. Research: Buckley, Matthew. “Sensations of Celebrity: Jack Sheppard and the Mass Audience.” Victorian Studies. 3/1/2002. Defoe, Daniel (attributed). “A narrative of all the robberies, escapes, &c. of John Sheppard : giving an exact description of the manner of his wonderful escape from the castle in Newgate.” London. 1724. Defoe, Daniel (attributed). “The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard, Containing a Particular Account of his Many Robberies and Escapes.” 1724. E., Gentleman in Town. “Authentic memoirs of the life and surprising adventures of John Sheppard : who was executed at Tyburn, November the 16th, 1724 : by way of familiar letters from a gentleman in town, to his friend and correspondent in the country.” London, 1724. Gillingham, Lauren. "Ainsworth's Jack Sheppard and the Crimes of History." SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, vol. 49 no. 4, 2009, p. 879-906. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/sel.0.0081. Harman, Claire. "Writing for the mob: Moral panic about a Victorian 'handbook of crime'." TLS. Times Literary Supplement, no. 6031, 2 Nov. 2018, p. 25. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A632755026/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=86b28327. Accessed 21 Apr. 2022. Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8.0, 22 April 2022), August 1724, trial of Joseph Sheppard (t17240812-52). Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8.0, 22 April 2022), Ordinary of Newgate's Account, November 1724 (OA17241111). Ridgwell, Stephen. “Sheppard’s Warning: A thief who had been dead for more than a century caused a moral panic in the theatres of Victorian London.” History Today. Volume 71 Issue 4 April 2021. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/history-matters/sheppards-warning Stearns, Elizabeth. “A ‘Darling of the Mob’: The Antidisciplinarity of the Jack Sheppard Texts.” Victorian Literature and Culture , 2013, Vol. 41, No. 3 (2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24575686 Sugden, P. Lyon, Elizabeth [nicknamed Edgware Bess] (fl. 1722–1726), prostitute and thief. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 21 Apr. 2022 Sugden, P. Sheppard, John [Jack] (1702–1724), thief and prison-breaker. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 21 Apr. 2022 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2016 episode covers famed lady pirates Anne Bonny and Mary Read, who have been often requested as a topic by listeners. But telling their story requires navigating some rather suspect historical accounts.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss online disagreements over the origin of the science-fiction genre of literature and the nature of Margaret Cavendish’s marriage. They then talk about Mabel Lee’s willingness to advocate for other people, and how much of her quoted words are from when she was a teenager.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As a teenager, Mabel Lee fought for the women’s vote in the U.S. even though she wouldn’t benefit from it. As an adult, she continued to live a life in service, as community and spiritual leader in New York’s Chinatown.             Research: National Archives. “Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).” https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act “Erasmus Hall Academy.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/places/erasmus-hall-academy.htm Yang, Jia Lynn. “Overlooked No More: Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, Suffragist With a Distinction.” New York Times. Sept. 19, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/19/obituaries/mabel-ping-hua-lee-overlooked.html?searchResultPosition=1 “New York City’s Chinatown Post Office Named in Honor of Dr. Mabel Lee ’1916.” Barnard College. December 3, 2018. https://barnard.edu/news/new-york-citys-chinatown-post-office-named-honor-dr-mabel-lee-1916 Hond, Paul. “How Columbia Suffragists Fought for the Right of Women to Vote.” Columbia Magazine. Fall 2020. https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/how-columbia-suffragists-fought-right-women-vote “Chinese Girl Wants Vote.” New York Tribune. April 13, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/467709486/?terms=Mabel%20Lee&match=1 “Parade of Women in New York Saturday, May 4, Will Break Record for Number in Line.” The Daily News, Frederick, MD. May 2, 1912. https://www.newspapers.com/image/7632082/?terms=Mabel%20Lee&match=1 “Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Lee.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/people/mabel-lee.htm Tseng, Timothy. “Saving China, Saving Ourselves: 1911-1965.” ChinaSource Quarterly. Winter 2020. Posted online Dec. 7, 2020. https://www.chinasource.org/resource-library/articles/saving-china-saving-ourselves-1911-1965/ Lee, Mabel. “The Meaning of Woman Suffrage.” The Chinese Student Monthly. May 1914.  526-529. Republished: https://timtsengdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/mabel-lee-the-meaning-of-woman-suffrage-1914.pdf Cahill, Cathleen D. “Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: How Chinese-American Women Helped Shape the Suffrage Movement.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/mabel-ping-hua-lee-how-chinese-american-women-helped-shape-the-suffrage-movement.htm Tseng, Timothy. “Dr. Mabel Lee: The Intersticial Career of a Protestant Chinese American Woman, 1924-1950.” Paper to be presented at the 1996 Organization of American Historians meeting. https://timtsengdotnet.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/mabel-lee-paper-1996.pdf Alexander, Kerri Lee. “Mabel Ping-Hua Lee.” National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mabel-ping-hua-lee Michael H. Hunt. “The American Remission of the Boxer Indemnity: A Reappraisal.” The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, 1972, pp. 539–59, https://doi.org/10.2307/2052233 “New York and the 19th Amendment.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/new-york-and-the-19th-amendment.htm Sears, Charles Hatch. “A Chinese Leader in New York City.” Missions: American Baptist International Magazine. Volume 16. 1925. https://books.google.com/books?id=D5rNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA682&lpg=PA682&dq=%E2%80%9CA+Chinese+Leader+in+New+York+City,%E2%80%9D&source=bl&ots=F29TTo2f7y&sig=ACfU3U1pd1puccje3hlTvSi815lN9_M3Gg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiy39acm8v3AhVWkokEHUNtCTAQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%9CA%20Chinese%20Leader%20in%20New%20York%20City%2C%E2%80%9D&f=false “Suffrage Army Out on Parade.” New York Times May 5, 1912. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/05/05/100533097.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Cavendish was a prolific poet, playwright, and natural philosopher. She published multiple works under her own name before that was common for a woman, and she published at least five major works on natural philosophy. Research: Boyle, Deborah. “Margaret Cavendish on Gender, Nature, and Freedom.” Hypatia vol. 28, no. 3 (Summer 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24542000 British Library. “Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.bl.uk/people/margaret-cavendish British Library. “Margaret Cavendish’s Blazing World.” https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/margaret-cavendishs-blazing-world "Cavendish, Margaret." Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, et al., vol. 3: Vol. 1: Biographies, UXL, 2002, pp. 60-65. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3426300052/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=36cbb94b. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle and C.H. Firth. “The life of William Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, to which is added The true relation of my birth, breeding and life.” London : J.C. Nimmo. 1886. Cunning, David, "Margaret Lucas Cavendish", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/margaret-cavendish/. Donagan, B. Lucas, Sir Charles (1612/13–1648), royalist army officer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. Donagan, B. Lucas, Sir Thomas (1597/8–1648/9), royalist army officer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. English Heritage. “Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/women-in-history/margaret-cavendish/ Fransee, Emily Lord. “Mistress of a New World: Early Science Fiction in Europe’s ‘Age of Discovery.’” Public Domain Review. 10/11/2018. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/mistress-of-a-new-world-early-science-fiction-in-europes-age-of-discovery Frederickson, Anne. “First Lady.” Distillations. Science History Institute. 4/15/2013. https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/first-lady Gryntaki, Gelly. “Margaret Cavendish: Being A Female Philosopher In The 17th Century.” The Collector. 7/24/2021. https://www.thecollector.com/margaret-cavendish-female-philosopher-17th-century/ Knight, J. Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (1624?–1674). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 27 Apr. 2022, from https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/odnb/9780192683120.001.0001/odnb-9780192683120-e-4940. Marshall, Eugene. “Margaret Cavendish (1623—1673).” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/margaret-cavendish/ Newcastle, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle. “The cavalier in exile; being the lives of the first Duke & Duchess of Newcastle.” London, G. Newnes, Ltd. 1903. Poetry Foundation. “Duchess of Newcastle Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/margaret-cavendish Project Vox team. (2019). “Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.” Project Vox. Duke University Libraries. https://projectvox.org/cavendish-1623-1673/ Robbins, Michael. “The Royally Radical Life of Margaret Cavendish.” The Paris Review. 4/15/2019. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2019/04/15/the-royally-radical-life-of-margaret-cavendish/ Sarasohn, Lisa T. "Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 20, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 79-81. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2830905568/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=88a78131. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. Walter, J. Lucas, John, first Baron Lucas of Shenfield (1606–1671), royalist landowner. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 28 Apr. 2022. Wilkins, Emma. “Margaret Cavendish and the Royal Society.” Notes and Records. Volume 68, Issue 3. 5/14/2014. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2014.0015 Wills, Matthew. “’Mad Meg,’ the Poet-Duchess of 17th Century England.” JSTOR Daily. 3/10/2019. https://daily.jstor.org/mad-meg-the-poet-duchess-of-17th-century-england/ Woolf, Virginia. “The Common Reader.” New York. Harcourt, Brace and Company. 1925. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2011 episode from previous hosts Sarah and Deblina covers John Dillinger, whose robbery career actually began when he was paroled in 1933. Several escaped inmates joined Dillinger, and they were arrested in 1934. Dillinger escaped, but was gunned down in July. To this day, conspiracy theories abound about his death.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about their experiences with dentists, and the legacy of Crawford Long in Atlanta.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As promised, part two covers dental chairs and amalgams, as well as support careers in dental medicine, and a bit about orthodontics. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Shamash". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Mar. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash Hand, Greg. “IDA GRAY WAS A PIONEERING CINCINNATI DENTIST WHO EARNED NATIONAL FAME.” Cincinnati Magazine. Feb. 15, 2022. https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article/ida-gray-was-a-pioneering-cincinnati-dentist-who-earned-national-fame/ Hallmann-Mikołajczak A. Papirus Ebersa. Ksiega wiedzy medycznej egipcjan z XVI w P.N.E [Ebers Papyrus. The book of medical knowledge of the 16th century B.C. Egyptians]. Arch Hist Filoz Med. 2004;67(1):5-14. Polish. PMID: 15586450. Lorenzi, Rosella. “Bad teeth tormented ancient Egyptians.” NBC News. Dec. 3, 2009. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34258529 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver and Dorman, Peter F.. "Ramses II". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramses-II-king-of-Egypt Jones, Colin. “Pulling Teeth in Eighteenth-Century Paris.” Past & Present, no. 166, 2000, pp. 100–45, http://www.jstor.org/stable/651296. Accessed 26 Apr. 2022. Forshaw, Roger. (2013). Hesyre: The First Recorded Physician and Dental Surgeon in History. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 89. 181-202. 10.7227/BJRL.89.S.10. PROSKAUER, CURT. “The Two Earliest Dentistry Woodcuts.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, 1946, pp. 71–86, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24619536 Riddell, William Renwick. “Teeth in Olden Times.” The Public Health Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, 1925, pp. 51–65, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41973265 “The Story of Flouridation.” National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fluoride/the-story-of-fluoridation Jain, Shruti, and Hemant Jain. “Legendary Hero: Dr. G.V. Black (1836-1915).” Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR vol. 11,5 (2017): ZB01-ZB04. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/17462.9813 Peck, Sheldon. “A Biographical Portrait of Edward Hartley Angle, the First Specialist in Orthodontics, Part 1.” Angle Orthodontist, Vol 79, No 6, 2009. https://watermark.silverchair.com/021009-93_1.pdf Einhorn, Alfred. “ALKAMIN ESTERS OF PARA-AMNOEBENZOC ACID.” U.S. Patent Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/3b/3d/29/66b6b947ec1e06/US812554.pdf Dummett, Clifton O. “A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THIRTEEN UNHERALDED CONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICODENTAL PROGRESS.” JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, VOL. 81, NO. 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2571621/pdf/jnma00264-0103.pdf Montalbano, M.J., Sharma, A., Oskouian, R.J. et al. The ancient Syrian physician Archigenes and his contributions to neurology and neuroanatomy. Childs Nerv Syst 33, 1419–1420 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3191-2 Etter, William M. Ph.D. “False Teeth.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/false-teeth/#:~:text=Contrary%20to%20later%20legend%2C%20none,to%20Washington's%20remaining%20real%20teeth. Hyson JM Jr. “History of the toothbrush.” Journal of the History of Dentistry. 2003 Jul;51(2):73-80. Wynbrandt, James. “The Excruciating History of Dentistry.”  St. Martin's Griffin. 2000. Reinberg, Steven. “Even Before Pandemic, One-Third of U.S. Adults Went Without Dental Care.” U.S. News and World Report. July 9, 2021. https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-07-09/even-before-pandemic-one-third-of-us-adults-went-without-dental-care Sheridan, P G. “NIDR--40 years of research advances in dental health.” Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) vol. 103,5 (1988): 493-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3140276/#:~:text=The%20National%20Institute%20of%20Dental,training%20to%20improve%20oral%20health. “Law Regulating the Practice of Dentistry in Alabama.” https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81bf/51ebbc6c544da12b436c1154eb62ebeaa488.pdf “Josiah Flagg, Surgeon Dentist.” Massachusetts Historical Society. https://www.masshist.org/database/177 “Jan Steen – The Tooth-puller.” Mauritshuis. https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/our-collection/artworks/165-the-tooth-puller/ “Alfred Einhorn.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/alfred-einhorn Strack, Joseph Gordon. “Rx for Living: Dr. H.T. Dean – Public Health Officer.” TIC. January 1950. http://www.nobilium.com/skin/frontend/ultimo/default/pdf/tic1950jan_small.pdf Gallagher, Jennifer E. and Lynn Hutchinson. “Analysis of human resources for oral health globally: inequitable distribution.” International Dent

This first episode covers the earliest ways humans cared for their teeth, including the belief that demons might have something to do with tooth decay. We move all the way up to the 18th century, as dentistry became a profession in the U.S., including a surprising early practitioner. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Shamash". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Mar. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash Hand, Greg. “IDA GRAY WAS A PIONEERING CINCINNATI DENTIST WHO EARNED NATIONAL FAME.” Cincinnati Magazine. Feb. 15, 2022. https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article/ida-gray-was-a-pioneering-cincinnati-dentist-who-earned-national-fame/ Hallmann-Mikołajczak A. Papirus Ebersa. Ksiega wiedzy medycznej egipcjan z XVI w P.N.E [Ebers Papyrus. The book of medical knowledge of the 16th century B.C. Egyptians]. Arch Hist Filoz Med. 2004;67(1):5-14. Polish. PMID: 15586450. Lorenzi, Rosella. “Bad teeth tormented ancient Egyptians.” NBC News. Dec. 3, 2009. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34258529 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver and Dorman, Peter F.. "Ramses II". Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramses-II-king-of-Egypt Jones, Colin. “Pulling Teeth in Eighteenth-Century Paris.” Past & Present, no. 166, 2000, pp. 100–45, http://www.jstor.org/stable/651296. Accessed 26 Apr. 2022. Forshaw, Roger. (2013). Hesyre: The First Recorded Physician and Dental Surgeon in History. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 89. 181-202. 10.7227/BJRL.89.S.10. PROSKAUER, CURT. “The Two Earliest Dentistry Woodcuts.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, 1946, pp. 71–86, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24619536 Riddell, William Renwick. “Teeth in Olden Times.” The Public Health Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, 1925, pp. 51–65, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41973265 “The Story of Flouridation.” National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/fluoride/the-story-of-fluoridation Jain, Shruti, and Hemant Jain. “Legendary Hero: Dr. G.V. Black (1836-1915).” Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR vol. 11,5 (2017): ZB01-ZB04. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/17462.9813 Peck, Sheldon. “A Biographical Portrait of Edward Hartley Angle, the First Specialist in Orthodontics, Part 1.” Angle Orthodontist, Vol 79, No 6, 2009. https://watermark.silverchair.com/021009-93_1.pdf Einhorn, Alfred. “ALKAMIN ESTERS OF PARA-AMNOEBENZOC ACID.” U.S. Patent Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/3b/3d/29/66b6b947ec1e06/US812554.pdf Dummett, Clifton O. “A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THIRTEEN UNHERALDED CONTRIBUTORS TO MEDICODENTAL PROGRESS.” JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, VOL. 81, NO. 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2571621/pdf/jnma00264-0103.pdf Montalbano, M.J., Sharma, A., Oskouian, R.J. et al. The ancient Syrian physician Archigenes and his contributions to neurology and neuroanatomy. Childs Nerv Syst 33, 1419–1420 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-016-3191-2 Etter, William M. Ph.D. “False Teeth.” George Washington’s Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/false-teeth/#:~:text=Contrary%20to%20later%20legend%2C%20none,to%20Washington's%20remaining%20real%20teeth. Hyson JM Jr. “History of the toothbrush.” Journal of the History of Dentistry. 2003 Jul;51(2):73-80. Wynbrandt, James. “The Excruciating History of Dentistry.”  St. Martin's Griffin. 2000. Reinberg, Steven. “Even Before Pandemic, One-Third of U.S. Adults Went Without Dental Care.” U.S. News and World Report. July 9, 2021. https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2021-07-09/even-before-pandemic-one-third-of-us-adults-went-without-dental-care Sheridan, P G. “NIDR--40 years of research advances in dental health.” Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) vol. 103,5 (1988): 493-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3140276/#:~:text=The%20National%20Institute%20of%20Dental,training%20to%20improve%20oral%20health. “Law Regulating the Practice of Dentistry in Alabama.” https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81bf/51ebbc6c544da12b436c1154eb62ebeaa488.pdf “Josiah Flagg, Surgeon Dentist.” Massachusetts Historical Society. https://www.masshist.org/database/177 “Jan Steen – The Tooth-puller.” Mauritshuis. https://www.mauritshuis.nl/en/our-collection/artworks/165-the-tooth-puller/ “Alfred Einhorn.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/alfred-einhorn Strack, Joseph Gordon. “Rx for Living: Dr. H.T. Dean – Public Health Officer.” TIC. January 1950. http://www.nobilium.com/skin/frontend/ultimo/default/pdf/tic1950jan_small.pdf Galla

This 2017 episode covers how animals and humans have been living together for centuries, but standardized veterinary care developed over a long period of time in many different places.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly discuss their knowledge of rabies and how often it appears in popular culture. They then talk about touring former prisons and how varied that experience can be.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dramatic prison escapes often have some common themes -- they often include a lot of tunneling. Here are six highly ingenious and low-violence prison breaks from history.  Research: "Warriors, witches and damn rebel bitches: The Scotswomen who stood their ground." Herald [Glasgow, Scotland], 15 Sept. 2019. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599477490/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=32ea1a50. Accessed 18 Apr. 2022. Abashiri Prison Museum. https://www.kangoku.jp/multilingual_english/ Alcatraz History. “The Great Escape from Alcatraz.” https://www.alcatrazhistory.com/alcesc1.htm Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pennsylvania system". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pennsylvania-system. Accessed 20 April 2022. Callow, John. “Maxwell, William, fifth earl of Nithsdale.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 10/27/2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18413      Carlos, Marius Jr. “Yoshie Shiratori: The Incredible Story of a Man No Prison Could Hold.” Breaking Asia. 2/3/2020. https://www.breakingasia.com/gov/yoshie-shiratori-the-incredible-story-of-a-man-no-prison-could-hold/ Cho, Hahna. “Escape from Libby Prison.” Backstory Radio. 9/28/2018.  https://www.backstoryradio.org/blog/escape-from-libby-prison/ Detwiler, Jacqueline. "How Popular Mechanics inspired the most Famous escape in history." Popular Mechanics, vol. 195, no. 1, Jan.-Feb. 2018, pp. 74+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A522758178/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e0949ca7. Accessed 18 Apr. 2022. Eastern State Penitentiary https://www.easternstate.org/ Eastern State Penitentiary. “"That's Where the Tunnel Is".” Via YouTube. 10/12/2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dgaKHfbGlo Eicke, Leigh. "Maxwell [née Herbert], Winifred, countess of Nithsdale (1672–1749), Jacobite courtier." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  23. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Apr. 2022, FBI. “Alcatraz Escape.” https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alcatraz-escape Kurohi, Rei. “French gangster escapes prison a second time: 5 other serial jailbreakers from around the world.” The Straits Times International Edition. 7/2/2018. https://www.straitstimes.com/world/french-gangster-escapes-prison-a-second-time-5-other-serial-jailbreakers-from-around-the-world Lewis, Robert. "Alcatraz escape of June 1962". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Jun. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/event/Alcatraz-escape-of-June-1962. Accessed 20 April 2022. Murray, Jean. “The Law Must Take Its Course – Limerick Women Sentenced to Transportation.” Limerick Civic Trust, September 2005 – August 2006. https://www.limerick.ie/sites/default/files/atoms/files/limerick_women_sentenced_to_transportation_by_jean_murray.pdf  Schreiber, Mark. “News outlets quick to fall in love with prison break coverage.” Japan Times. 5/5/2018. Slater, Sharon. “9 Limerick Women Escape Prison in 1930.” Limerick’s Life. 10/17/2013. https://limerickslife.com/limerick-women-prison/ Stamp, Jimmy. “The Daring Escape From the Eastern State Penitentiary.” Smithsonian. 11/13/2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-daring-escape-from-the-eastern-state-penitentiary-180947688/ Stater, Victor. "Herbert, William, styled first marquess of Powis and Jacobite first duke of Powis (c. 1626–1696), Jacobite courtier." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  24. Oxford University Press. Zombek, Angela. "Libby Prison" Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (07 Dec. 2020). Web. 20 Apr. 2022 https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/libby-prison/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Today’s rabies prophylaxis is almost 100% effective at preventing human death from the bite of a rabid animal. How did people come to understand rabies, and then develop a vaccination for it? Research: Etymologia: Rabies. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2012 Jul [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.ET1807 Velasco-Villa, Andres et al. “The history of rabies in the Western Hemisphere.” Antiviral research vol. 146 (2017): 221-232. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.013 Pearce JLouis Pasteur and Rabies: a brief noteJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2002;73:82. Wendt, Diane. “Surviving rabies 100 years ago.” National Museum of American History. 10/28/2013. https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2013/10/surviving-rabies-100-years-ago.html Blancou, Jean. “The Evolution of Rabies Epidemiology in Wildlife.” Director General, Office International des Épizooties. https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk491/files/inline-files/EVOLUTION_RABIES_EPIDEMIOLOGY_WILDLIFE.pdf Lite, Jordan. “Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without Vaccine--But How?.” Scientific American. 10/8/2008. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jeanna-giese-rabies-survivor/ Zeiler, Frederick A., and Alan C. Jackson. “Critical Appraisal of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies: This Failed Approach Should Be Abandoned.” Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, vol. 43, no. 1, 2016, pp. 44–51., doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.331. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. “Mass Treatment of Humans Exposed to Rabies -- New Hampshire, 1994.” 7/7/1995. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038110.htm Ledesma, Leandro Augusto et al. “Comparing clinical protocols for the treatment of human rabies: the Milwaukee protocol and the Brazilian protocol (Recife).” Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical vol. 53 e20200352. 6 Nov. 2020, doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0352-2020 Braus, Patricia. "Rabies." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science, edited by Katherine H. Nemeh and Jacqueline L. Longe, 6th ed., vol. 6, Gale, 2021, pp. 3671-3673. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX8124402043/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fb022ca3. Accessed 13 Apr. 2022. Gelfand, Toby. “11 January 1887, the Day Medicine Changed: Joseph Grancher's Defense of Pasteur's Treatment for Rabies.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 76, Number 4, Winter 2002, pp. 698-718 (Article). Published by Johns Hopkins University Press https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2002.0176 Nadal, Deborah. “A Child, A Dog, A Virus and an Anthropologist.” Practicing Anthropology, Fall 2016, Vol. 38, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26539805 Botting, Jack H. “Rabies.” From Animals and Medicine: The Contribution of Animal Experiments to the Control of Disease. Open Book Publishers. (2015). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7ng5.7  Baer, George M. “The History of Rabies.” From Rabies: Second Edition. Edited by Alan C. Jackson and William H. Wunner. 2007. Jackson, Alan C. “History of Rabies Research.” From: Rabies: Scientific Basis of the Disease and Its Management. Third Edition. 2013. Hansen, Bert. “America's First Medical Breakthrough: How Popular Excitement about a French Rabies Cure in 1885 Raised New Expectations for Medical Progress.” The American Historical Review , Apr., 1998, Vol. 103, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649773 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2014 episode covers a 1930s a New York socialite with a dream. She wanted to be the first person to capture a panda from Asia and return to the western world with it. Her quest had a significant impact on the way the Western world viewed wild animals. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss the ways Europeans explorers wrote about the indigenous peoples of Africa, and just how good the okapi's natural camouflage is. They also discuss the unattainable beauty standards that were in place for women in entertainment from the beginning. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Theda Bara is often referenced as the first sex symbol, or the first celebrity to have an entire persona crafted by a PR team. Photos of her are synonymous with the word vamp, and 100 years later, still have a certain mysterious appeal. But what was she really like? Research: “Theda Bara at Quimby’s.” The Times Recorded. Oct. 26, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/284870168/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22%20%22Louella%20parsons%22&match=1 “Gordon Theater.” Democrat and Chronicle. Jan. 10, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/135289009/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22&match=1 “An Interviewer Sees Theda Bara, the Mysterious.” Waco Morning News. Nov. 5, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/43896475/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Theda Bara". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theda-Bara Wasserman, Suzanne. “Theda Bara.” Jewish Women’s Archive. The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/bara-theda Golden, Eve. “Vamp: The Rise and Fall of Theda Bara.” Vestal Press. 1998. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The okapi became known to European explorers in the late 19th century, and then several explorers tried and failed to even see a live okapi. Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston often gets credit for its discovery, but there's much more to the story than that.  Research: “Obituary: Dr. Wilhelm Junker.” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, vol. 24, 1892, pp. 148–50, http://www.jstor.org/stable/196694. Accessed 8 Apr. 2022. “Newly Discovered Beast of the Congo Forests.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. June 27, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/383188816/?terms=%22equus%20johnstoni%22&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Wilhelm Junker". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Junker L., R. Dr. P. L. Sclater, F.R.S. . Nature 91, 455 (1913). https://doi.org/10.1038/091455a0 H., M. Sir Harry Johnston, S.G.M.G., K.C.B. Nature 120, 339–340 (1927). https://doi.org/10.1038/120339a0 Kinder, John M. “Year Zero: Restocking the Post-war Zoo.” National WWII Museum New Orleans. Sept. 21, 2021. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/restocking-post-world-war-ii-zoos Silverstein, Raymond O. “A note on the term “Bantu” as first used by W. H. I. Bleek.” African Studies. Volume 27. 1968. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020186808707298 “Okapi’s Half-century.” Zooquarium. Spring 2014. https://www.eaza.net/assets/Uploads/Zooquaria/ZQ85.pdf “A MOST CURIOUS ANIMAL, A CULTURAL SYMBOL, A SPECIES ON THE BRINK.” Okapi Conservation Project. https://www.okapiconservation.org/the-okapi/ “World Okapi Day.” IUCN. Oct. 18, 2021. https://www.iucn.org/news/species-survival-commission/202110/world-okapi-day “Bronx Zoo Debuts Its Baby Okapi.” WCS Newsroom. July 27, 2009. https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/4802/Bronx-Zoo-Debuts-Its-Baby-Okapi.aspx Brzezinski, Bartosz. “Of okapis and men: Antwerp Zoo helps preserve endangered species.” Flanders Today. Aug. 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160814194411/http://www.flanderstoday.eu/living/okapis-and-men-antwerp-zoo-helps-preserve-endangered-species Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Aug. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Hamilton-Johnston Raffaele, Paul. “The Pygmies’ Plight.” Smithsonian. December 2008. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/the-pygmies-plight-93401092/ Lindsey, Susan Lyndaker, et al. “The Okapi: Mysterious Animal of Congo-Zaire.” University of Texas Press. 1999. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly Frey, host of Stuff You Missed in History Cass, sits down with Lola Omalola, one of the ten winners of Seneca Women to Hear: Search for the Next Great Female Podcasters.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers Maria Montessori, who worked in several fields, though is mostly associated with education. Her theories on early education still shape the way kids learn today around the globe.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy talk about their love of savory pies, the wish for a shepherd's pie with a crust, and efforts to tie pumpkin pie to abolition. Then they discuss the Gallaudet 11 and their experiences with motion sickness.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Gallaudet 11 were a group of Deaf men who were subjects in NASA’s research into the human body in the early years of the space program. The transcript for this episode is here: https://bit.ly/3KnAGhA Research: Bergey, Jean Lindquist. “Deaf Perspective: Inside View of Early Space Research.” Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly. Vol. 25. No. 1. 2018. Bergey, Jean Lindquist. “How Being Deaf Made the Difference in Space Research.” Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. 4/7/2017. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/how-being-deaf-made-difference-space-research Calandrelli, Emily. “In the 1960's 11 deaf men helped NASA get to the moon.” Twitter thread. 12/12/2019. https://twitter.com/thespacegal/status/1205258285412020225?lang=en Williams, Damien P., Heavenly Bodies: Why It Matters That Cyborgs Have Always Been About Disability, Mental Health, and Marginalization (June 8, 2019). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3401342 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3401342 Clark, Brant and Ashton Graybiel. “Human Performance During Adaptation to Stress in the Pensacola Slow Rotation Room.” Aerospace Medicine. Vol. 32, No. 2, February 1961. Colehour, James K. and Ashton Graybiel. “Excretion of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids, Catechol Amines, and Uropepsin in the Urine of Normal Persons and Deaf Subjects with Bilateral Vestibular Defects Following Acrobatic Flight Stress.” United States Naval School of Aviation Medicine and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. May 10, 1963. Crowell, Rachel. “Disabled Astronauts Blaze New Space Trails.” Scientific American. 10/20/2021. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/disabled-astronauts-blaze-new-space-trails/       David, Leonard. “Equal access to space: New study investigates how to get more 'parastronauts' aloft.” Space.com. 12/31/2021. https://www.space.com/inclusive-human-spaceflight-parastronaut-study Dowd, Jim. “9 Deaf Men Volunteer for Navy Research.” Pensacola News Journal. 12/28/1962. Eveleth, Rose. “It’s Time to Rethink Who’s Best Suited for Space Travel.” Wired. 1/27/2019. https://www.wired.com/story/its-time-to-rethink-whos-best-suited-for-space-travel/ Fregly, Alfred and Robert S. Kennedy. “Comparative Effects of Prolonged Rotation at 10 RPM on Postural Equilibrium in Vestibular Normal and Vestibular Defective Human Subjects.” Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. March 23, 1965. Gallaudet University. “Deaf Difference + Space Survival Exhibition Video.” https://www.gallaudet.edu/museum/ddss-doc/ Gohd, Chelsea. “Disability ambassadors successfully complete Zero-G flight.” Space.com. 10/19/2021. https://www.space.com/astroaccess-disability-ambassadors-zero-g-flight Harrington, Tracy. “Three Deaf Men Serve as Human Guinea Pigs.” Pensacola News Journal. 7/11/1962. Hotovy, Hannah. “How 11 Deaf Men Helped Shape NASA's Human Spaceflight Program.” NASA. 5/4/2017. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/how-11-deaf-men-helped-shape-nasas-human-spaceflight-program Irwin, J.A. et al. “The Pathology of Sea-sickness.” The Lancet. 11/26/1881. James, William. “The Sense of Dizziness in Deaf-mutes.” American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb , APRIL, 1883, Vol. 28, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44460811 Kellogg, Robert S. et al. “Motion Sickness Symptomatology of Labyrinthine Defective and Normal Subjects During Zero Gravity Maneuvers.” Technical Documentary Report AMRL-TDR-64-47. Air Force Systems Command. June 1964. Kennedy, Robert S. et al. “Symptomology Under Storm Conditions in the North Atlantic in Control Subjects and Persons with Bilateral Labyrinthine Defects.” United States Naval School of Aviation Medicine and National Aeronautics and Space Administration. May 1965. Larimer, Sarah. “‘I wanted to serve’: These deaf men helped NASA understand motion sickness in space.” Washington Post. 5/5/2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/05/i-wanted-to-serve-these-deaf-men-helped-nasa-understand-motion-sickness-in-space/ NASA Video. “How Deaf and Hearing Impaired People Helped the Space Program.” Via YouTube. 5/11/2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zM47-nz24i4 Space Center Houston. “Gallaudet 11 – Deaf Right Stuff.” 2/18/2020. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=3102869376605071 U.S. Naval School of Aviation Medicine Pensacola, Fla. “Symposium on the Role of Vestibular Organs in the Exploration of Space.” Ashton Graybiel, General Chairman. Jan. 20-22 , 1965. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The pie has been around for centuries, in both savory and sweet forms. But pies have been perceived and presented in a lot of different ways, and have even been an issue of deep contention.  Research: Tanglen, Randi. “A cultural history of pie.” The Madisonian. Nov. 24, 2020. https://www.madisoniannews.com/community/cultural-history-pie Anastolpoulo, Rossi. “Why Apple Pie Isn’t So American After All.” Food 52. October 8, 2021. https://food52.com/blog/24688-apple-pie-origin-story Siegel, Matt. “’Substantial, Satisfying, Hard to Digest.’ How Apple Pie is Like America.” Literary Hub. Sept. 1, 2021. https://lithub.com/substantial-satisfying-hard-to-digest-how-apple-pie-is-like-america/ Snell, Rachel A. “ As North American as Pumpkin Pie: Cookbooks and the Development of National Cuisine in North America, 1796-1854.” Erudit. Oct. 7, 2014. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/cuizine/2014-v5-n2-cuizine01533/1026771ar/ “Pie.” New York Times. May 2, 1902. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/05/03/118469204.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 “A Shortcrust History of Pies.” BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/zmtn2sg Simmons, Amelia. “American Cookery, or the Art of Dressing Viands, Fish, Poultry and Vegetables, and the Best Modes of Making Pastes, Puffs, Pies, Tarts, Puddings, Custards and Preservesd, and All Kinds of Cakes, From the Imperial Plumb to Plain Cake. Adapted to This Country, and All Grades of Life.” Hudson & Goodwin. 1796. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12815/pg12815.html Soyer, Alexis. “The Modern Housewife or, Menagere Comprising Nearly One Thousand Receipts, for the Economic and Judicious Preparation of Every Meal of the Day, with those of The Nursery and Sick Room, and Minute Directions for Family Management in All its Branches.” New York. D. Appleton & Co. 1850. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/41899/41899-h/41899-h.htm Howland, E.A. “The American economical housekeeper, and family receipt book.” H.W. Derby. 1845. Accessed online: https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/23#page/10/mode/2up “History of Pies.” What’s Cooking America. https://whatscookingamerica.net/history/piehistory.htm Hale, Sarah. “The ladies' new book of cookery : a practical system for private families in town and country; with directions for carving, and arranging the table for parties, etc. Also, preparations of food for invalids and for children.” 1852. Accessed online: https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/48#page/2/mode/2up Masterson, Kate. “The Great American Pie.” New York Times. August 10, 1902. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/08/10/118475659.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Simmons, Amelia. “American cookery, or, The art of dressing viands, fish, poultry, and vegetables : and the best modes of making pastes, puffs, pies, tarts, puddings, custards, and preserves : and all kinds of cakes, from the imperial plumb to plain cake, adapted to this country, and all grades of life.” Hudson & Goodwin. 1796. Accessed online: https://www.loc.gov/item/96126967/ Traill, Catherine Parr Strickland. “The female emigrant's guide, and hints on Canadian housekeeping.” Maclear. 1854. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/cihm_41417/page/n11/mode/2up Kelly, Alison. “A Brief History of Pumpkin Pie in America.” Library of Congress Blof. Nov. 20, 2017. https://blogs.loc.gov/inside_adams/2017/11/a-brief-history-of-pumpkin-pie-in-america/ Clarkson, Janet. “Pie: A Global History.” Reaktion Books. 2009.  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers a key figure in the battle over Prohibition, which was is often framed as a battle of the sexes, with women serving as the moral voice of sobriety. But Pauline Sabin is often credited as being one of the major activists behind Prohibition's repeal.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about the language used when talking about archaeology. They then talk about the domestication of geese. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.