Feeling Good Podcast | TEAM-CBT - The New Mood Therapy

This is the second of two podcasts on the Story of Sherrie, who experienced some of the symptoms of PTSD after a traumatic event involving her husband. In the first podcast, we played the T, E, and A portions of the session. In this podcast, we will play the M = methods as well as the conclusion of this amazing session. Dr. Rhonda and I will make some teaching comments on the session as well. If you'd like to see Sherrie's end-of-session Daily Mood Log, click here. After the session, Sherrie received some notes from others in the audience. Sherrie, I think what stood out for me in that session was your authenticity. No mask, no defenses. I fell like we can't really appreciate what our clients are doing when they open themselves up to face their fears until we do it honestly ourselves, and you did--in front of all of us! I feel it was a gift you gave us and I thank you! Candice Here's another note for Sherrie: Sherrie, You Rock--I love you--and never met you before tonight. :) You cried. You laughed. You said No. You said Yes. You woke up! You're a Brave Woman! What a lucky husband you've got! Thank you. A sister, a colleague, Rita And another. To Sherrie Your session--that was brave! Shows strong commitment to yourself and to the people you work with. You will be more effective stronger, real, fee, and go even deeper with your clients. Mary If you want to send a message to Sherrie, use the comment feature below, and I will be sure to forward your thoughts to her! When people learn about the incredibly rapid recoveries that I am so often seeing with TEAM, they always ask about whether the effects last,or whether the dramatic changes are just a flash in the pan. Of course, Relapse Prevention Training is critical, as negative thoughts and feelings will tend to come back over and over for all of us. That's just part of the human experience. And if you know how to deal with these occasional "relapses," you don't have to worry about them, because you'll know how to crush the negative thoughts and feelings pretty fast. At any rate, Sherrie's session was more than three years ago, and here's an email I got from her a couple weeks ago: Hi David. I always enjoy hearing from you! I agree for you to show the video at the summer intensives, I am actually quite proud of it all so have nothing to hide! You can also do it as a podcast, whatever is workable. I have looked at the podcasts you sent and they look wonderful so will certainly listen to what I can over time! Okay, so for an update and thank you for asking. The year after my cancer, my husband had his heart attack, so that was four years ago. He is, thank G-d, wonderfully healthy. There is no heart damage and he can do everything he wants to do. And he is even getting better at taking his pills, so I don't have to remind him so much. I have a question for you as what you do is not what I can or want to do. I think you said you were 75 when we met in the training. So what I don't get is how do you have the energy to see clients, write books, do podcasts, travel all over and do workshops etc? How do you fit all that in? You must want to! All the best and enjoy spring! Sherrie Thanks for listening! David and Rhonda Oh, my secret is that I am almost always doing what I want to do. Teaching and treating colleagues with TEAM give me tremendous energy, except when I screw up, which is fairly often! But I'm used to making errors by now, and I really love what I do, so I don't think of it as "work," but more like having fun hanging out with friends. It is a bit like when you were a kid and got to go out and play after dinner! That was THE BEST!

Hi Podcast Fans, There have been many requests for more podcasts on how we would treat trauma, using the TEAM-CBT model. I have done at least 25 workshops on the treatment of trauma in the past several years, and always do a live therapy demonstration at the end of day 1, so people can see with their own eyes how TEAM-CBT actually works. About three years ago, I did a live demonstration with a wonderful woman named Sherrie who was extremely anxious about a traumatic event involving her husband a year earlier. Sherrie kindly and courageous gave me permission to share the audio tract with you. I think you'll really enjoy the session! I want to thank Sherrie for giving us this gift! I also want to thank my co-therapist during the session, Mike Christensen, who is Canada's top expert in TEAM-CBT. Here's our photo at the workshop: While you are listening, you may want to take a look at Sherrie's Daily Mood Log, which describes the trauma, along with her negative thoughts and feelings. We will publish the first half of the session in this podcast, and the end of the session in the next podcast. We'll also include a live, three-year follow-up with Sherrie that we recorded recently. Dr. Rhonda and I will make some teaching comments on the session as well. David and Rhonda

Rhonda, Fabrice and I received a number of thoughtful emails following our recent podcast on mindfulness meditation, which seems to be quite popular these days, but there some push-back from listeners who all did not agree that mindfulness is an effective way of combating negative thoughts and feelings. Email from Jeremy Hi David, I listened to the Feeling Good Podcast on meditation this morning and had some thoughts I wanted to share. For context I've been meditating daily for about 3 months. First - I personally think that if someone is struggling with depression or anxiety, TEAM-CBT is a dramatically faster acting and more powerful tool than mindfulness. I've never seen or heard about someone having a dramatic recovering in just a few hours due to mindfulness. I've never seen the idea of resistance explored in any kind of mindfulness book or article. I also don't really think much of mindfulness as a "method" in the TEAM model, because compared to the other methods for removing negative thoughts it's extremely weak. I imagine that with hundreds of hours of mindfulness practice you might reach a point where it's easier to let go of negative thoughts. (There are a lot of reports like that/) However, it's a very slow way of dealing with negative thoughts compared to externalization of voices etc. I think for a therapist who knows TEAM to suggest mindfulness as a key practice to their patient is almost negligent, since TEAM is so much more effective. That said, I've sensed a few benefits of mindfulness which is why I've been investing my time in it: - I think you can view meditation as concentration practice, and I've found that meditation increases my ability to concentrate - You can reach a very calm and relaxed state in meditation where you cease to have thoughts, and this state is extremely pleasurable - I've noticed that mindfulness increase my ability to enjoy experiences, including experiences I might enjoy less if I was having even positive or neutral thoughts. As an example, after about 30 minutes of meditation the other day I went for a walk in the woods and stop for about 10 minutes to look at a ridge. My visual experience was completely immersive and I even started to feel like the trees were breathing with me. It was one of the high points of my week. I suspect that even someone who had no negative thoughts might be flooded with positive but irrelevant thoughts (like a yummy meal they might be headed to eat later) would have enjoyed this scene much less. I've also run an experiment using the PAS and CBT to remove the motivation to have distracting thoughts. (ie write down the advantages to having distracting thoughts and disadvantages of focusing on the breath, and then talk back to those) I would classify it as a highly successful experiment, after talking back to all the good reasons to think about something besides my breath my focus got dramatically better. I wonder if this technique could be used to either improve meditation or even supplant the need for it. (because it gets rid of distracting thoughts directly, while meditation is basically practice for having fewer distracting thoughts) Anyway, just thought I would share some thoughts and ideas with you. Best, Jeremy Email from Paul Hey, Dr. Burns! I am with you in terms of the skepticism of mindfulness as a panacea. I also am not sure how particularly effective it is even as a tool in the fight against negative thoughts. I personally cannot seem to get anything out of it, but I am trying to make sense out of how so many people can find it useful. Perhaps you could put it like this: Mindfulness is not a specific technique for specific problems, but a general method for psychological health. If you have a specific medical condition, you'll want to get a specific treatment. Sometimes specific conditions can be alleviated by taking care of your health generally (eating healthier, sleeping better, etc.) Still, depending upon the disease, in order to get rid of it, you'll need a specific treatment. However, even when you're not dealing with a specific disease, generally good health practices can lower your chances of getting any diseases and lessen the severity when they do arise. In sum, perhaps the goals of mindfulness and CBT are different. I think that might respect what both you and Fabrice are getting at. I think this goes to answer partly a question I've had about TEAM. To what extent is alleviation of anxiety, depression, etc the final goal? Are there religious, spiritual, or psychological problems that are positive goals beyond relief? In Feeling Good, it sounded like you thought that happiness was just the absence of depression. Is that all there is to say about human flourishing? Or do you methodologically stick within the parameters of your client's value system, asking only "what can I help you with" because you're a psychologist and not a priest, for example? Paul David and Rhonda discuss several important points raised by these

How to Overcome Shyness In a recent podcast, David and Rhonda emphasized the importance of specificity--selecting one specific moment when you want help. This is very true in the treatment of shyness. Jason, who we introduced in the last podcast, wanted to work on the intense anxiety he felt in the locate grocery store. He thought the woman checking groceries was attractive, but he was terrified about talking to her, or trying to flirt. So he said nothing, and left the store feeling like a failure. After this humiliating experience, he filled out a Daily Mood Log and listed all the Negative Thoughts and feelings he'd had while waiting to check his groceries. After doing Positive Reframing, he decided on the Negative Though he wanted to work on first: "People will think I'm a self-centered jerk if I try to flirt with her." David and Jason put this thought in the Recovery Circle and selected more than 20 techniques Jason could use to challenge thought. On the podcast, David and Rhonda illustrate how to challenge that thought using many of the methods listed on the Recovery Circle, including: Identify the Distortions. They found all ten distortions in this thought. The Straightforward Technique. This technique was not effective, since the Positive Thought Jason came up with was not valid, and it did not reduce his belief in the Negative Thought. However, this technique did reveal something important about Jason—he seems to see the world in an adversarial way, and imagines he is in competition with others who will try to put him down. The Cost-Benefit Analysis. What the are Advantages and Disadvantages of Jason's Negative Thought? Jason did a remarkable job with this technique, and found it helpful and illuminating. The Individual Downward Arrow Technique. David and Rhonda illustrated how this works, using role-playing. They were able to identify five of Jason's Self-Defeating Beliefs that are extremely common in Social Anxiety, including: Perfectionism Perceived Perfectionism The Approval Addiction The Spotlight Fallacy The Brushfire Fallacy The Paradoxical Double Standard Technique. What would Jason say to a dear friend who was also struggling with severe shyness? Would he say, "People will think you're a self-centered jerk if you try to flirt with her." If not, why not? What would Jason say to a friend? And would he be willing to talk to himself in the same compassionate way? This technique was also very helpful to Jason. Examine the Evidence. What's the evidence that people will think he's a self-centered jerk if he tries to flirt with a young lady he's attracted to? Survey Technique. Have his friends ever struggled with anxiety when they were starting to date? Would they think of him as a "self-centered jerk" if he was more outgoing and flirtatious? This was a homework assignment, to ask his friends. The information he got was a huge surprise. Thinking in Shades of Gray. He thinks he has to sweep her off her feet or he'll get totally rejected and ostracized by the human race. Is there some easier goal he could shoot for? He's telling himself that if she shoots him down, it will prove that he's a "loser." Are there other reasons why a grocery checker might not respond favorably to a young man who is trying to flirt with her? Feared Fantasy / Acceptance Paradox. David and Rhonda illustrate this amazing technique, with role-reversals. This technique will help Jason crush the Self-Defeating Beliefs that cause his shyness in the first place, like the Approval Addiction. These techniques were extremely helpful to Jason, and all of his negative feelings went down dramatically by the end of his first therapy session. However, he will have to do more work outside the office for homework, using Interpersonal Exposure Techniques to confront his fears of rejection, including: Smile and Hello practice Flirting Training Talk show Host Rejection Practice Self-Disclosure Shame Attacking Exercises These assignments terrified Jason, but he courageously agreed and followed through. He had his share of rejections, as we all do, but had some successes, too, and soon was dating a lot and enjoying it, and his shyness became a thing of the past. The treatment only required four sessions.

How to Overcome Shyness David and Rhonda begin with two emails (among many) from listeners asking for more help on the problem of social anxiety. Email from "Margaret:" Hi David, How do you distinguish a personality disorder - say, for example, Avoidant Personality Disorder, from "just" (and I don't mean that in a derogatory way) being depressed and anxious? I ask because I have a strong suspicion that I may be suffering from Avoidant Personality Disorder, and I think if you knew my history you would probably agree that there are strong signs (I have been having problems from my early childhood until now, and I am 30 years old now). Also, a further question – is it possible to have severe anxiety without feeling like the confrontation with the thing you're afraid of means you're going to die? I have isolated myself completely, and I have no social life in any sense of the word – my only real contact with the outside world is through my job, because it is a necessity for living. But it's not because I think I'm going to die if I hang around people – I just very strongly dislike it and 'shut down' or 'freeze' due to all the thoughts in my head about being negatively judged and watched, so I prefer to avoid contact with people, and in situations where I'm forced to endure it, I'll usually find ways to 'avoid' or escape the situation. There are many ways I do this – since I was very young I've had the habit of purposely looking annoyed, so that people would not approach me, even though I secretly wish they would (oh, the paradox..), and at work I will often be listening to music with earphones – both because the music calms my anxiety, and because it makes me appear less 'available' to other people. In situations where I cannot escape crowds – say, in the canteen during my lunch break - I'll sit by myself, as far away from everyone else as I can, and leave as soon as I have taken the last bite of my food. In college I would often hide in the bathroom by myself during breaks, or I would avoid interpersonal contact in some other way. And so on and so forth. These are just a few examples – I could give you a million others. I am aware of my own behavioral patterns but still feel powerless to change them. It's like being an observer, observing yourself committing the same mistakes over and over, but with an anxiety so strong that rationality alone is not enough to change the behavior. After 30 years of this, it's getting old. I have never felt any other way, so I cannot fathom what it means to lead a normal life. I have never had a friend in any usual sense of the term, and I literally never spend time with anyone in my spare time except for my parents. As a consequence, I have never learned or understood how to make friends, and I have never been in an intimate relationship, or taken part in any of the social activities that are normal to other people (parties, school dances, etc.) The simplest things are rocket science to me. So, I'm interested to know when a person crosses over from "simply" being depressed or anxious into having a personality disorder. If you use any of this for a future episode I am fine with that - you can even quote me directly. But I only ask that you please don't use my real name as to not jeopardize my job and so on. Thank you. 🙂 Kind regards, Margaret David explains that there is no such thing as "Avoidant Personality Disorder." It is just an imaginary concept created by the American Psychiatric Association, and is applied to individuals with shyness that is so severe that it causes significant problems in their lives. And yes, you can definitely deal with mild, moderate, or even extremely severe problems with the TEAM-CBT as well as exercises in my books, such as The Feeling Good Handbook, When Panic Attacks, and Intimate Connections. They also read an email from "Abdul," a podcast fan who's been struggling with shyness. I'm from Pakistan. Please make podcasts on shyness and public speaking and other anxiety issues. I have anxiety shyness. My father has also anxiety. I know he is not happy. I also sometime feel exactly like him. And one of my cousins is very much depressed. He is a cleaner in a garments shop. He always use to pack clothes all the time even if they are kept properly. Dr burns please guide us. It would be very very helpful. Sorry if I wrote anything unprofessional. Thank you. Several days later, David received an additional email from "Abdul:" My social anxiety has returned back. In my office I feel very lonely. Here my negative thoughts: I should say something impressive. I'm good looking so I should not be anxious. I should talk to girls. I should say hi to people. I should mix with people. Today and next week, David and Rhonda will describe how to treat / overcome shyness using TEAM-CBT. David explains that this is probably his favorite problem to treat, since he himself has struggled with every conceivable form of social anxiety, so he really knows how to defeat this

Mission Accomplished! Dear Feeling Good Podcast fans, I am profoundly sad to say goodbye to my beloved friend and terrific podcast host, Dr. Fabrice Nye, who is leaving the podcast to start his own show this spring. I wish him well on his new podcast he'll be releasing soon. I'll share the specifics when they become available so loyal fans can tune in and follow him! What a joyous experience it has been working with Fabrice for the last three years. He proposed the idea of a weekly podcast in the fall of 2016 and we produced episode #001 on October 27 of that year. Together we have been able to share TEAM-CBT with many enthusiastic listeners, and just exceeded more than 70,000 downloads monthly. Please join me in wishing him well! My feelings of profound loss are comforted by welcoming another dear friend and colleague, Dr. Rhonda Barovsky, our new host. Rhonda and I look forward to creating many more fabulous podcasts for all of you. Rhonda received her doctoral degree in Forensic Psychology from the Eisner Institute for Professional Studies in 2013. Throughout her career, she has been a champion of women's rights and defender of the victims of childhood sexual abuse. Rhonda is the founder of the San Francisco Juvenile Sex Offender Treatment Program and has served as Director of San Francisco Family Court Services. She has also worked at the San Francisco Rape Treatment Center, providing crisis and short-term counseling for adult survivors of sexual assault and their families. Rhonda is a certified TEAM-CBT therapist and esteemed teacher. In her clinical practice, she focuses on TEAM-CBT for adults struggling with depression, anxiety disorders, and relationship problems. She brings warmth, enthusiasm and brilliance to her new role as host of the Feeling Good Podcasts: "I am extremely honored to be invited to host the Feeling Good Podcast with Dr. David Burns. Fabrice Nye has been a visionary, and his shoes will be impossible to fill. I hope to add to the joy and excitement of learning and teaching TEAM-CBT along with David and having lively and productive discussions." Dr. Rhonda Barovsky Rhonda and I will be posting two surveys shortly on my website, www.FeelingGood.com, to find out more about you. I want to find out if you are a therapist or non-therapist, and what kinds of topics might interest you the most. And unlike some tech giants, we promise to keep your information totally confidential. We don't sell information; we just want to do the best job we can for therapists and non-therapists alike, for free. If you are a "patient," we want to accelerate your learning and your recovery as well. If you are a "therapist," we want to help you improve you skills and your joy in your clinical work. I put the words, "patient" and "therapist" in quotes, because the line between the two is very narrow indeed! As "therapists," most of us struggle at times with the same human dilemmas that our patients face. And as we do our own personal work, as therapists, we bring far more healing and compassion to our work with our "patients!" On the show, Fabrice and David share fondest memories of the show, and Rhonda talks about new directions as she becomes the host of the Feeling Good Podcast. Fabrice also gives some hints about his new show, which will be broadcast in French and English. Fabrice will describe and translate new developments in psychology research and relate the findings to our daily lives. Thank you so much for your awesome support over the past 2 ½ years!

Today's Ask David questions. Do depression and anxiety result from medical illnesses, like thyroid problems? Do we REALLY create our own interpersonal reality? What if you're being raped? Are you saying that's your fault? How can that be? I struggle with anxiety. Why is it a mistake to try to "calm down?" How do you deal with entitlement? I think my patients should do what I tell them to do! After all, I'm a highly trained professional! How do you deal with racism, sexism, and other societal barriers? What if the injustice is real and it isn't "all in your head?" And here are the longer versions. Fabrice and I hope you enjoy these thoughtful questions submitted by listeners like you! 1. Barbara asks: 1) How are hypothyroidism, depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder related, and (2) how are heart disease, depression, and anxiety related? 2. Mark asks: I'm one of your most avid listeners to your podcasts. I've listened to most of Feeling Good Podcasts as well as the recordings of your Facebook live broadcasts with Jill. I absolutely love your content and extremely grateful for your insights and the material you put out for free. I've heard you say numerous times how in interpersonal relationship problems we create the poor behavior we see in the other. At what point though, is a threshold crossed and you acknowledge the other in the relationship is creating problems? For example, if your client is being raped by their partner and is being threatened with violence if they dare leave, you wouldn't say to your client you're creating that kind of treatment from your partner. Obviously the above is a very extreme example, but what if its scaled back in terms of severity of abuse, stopping short of physical attacks and threats? Where does a line in the sand get drawn where you acknowledge the client is not creating the problems themselves? I'd deeply appreciate your reply! 3. Angela asks: I was intrigued by your comment in your podcast #88 on Role-Playing Techniques that "trying to calm down is a big mistake. . . then your emotions become your enemies," but then you said, "that's a good topic for another podcast." I hope you do a podcast on that topic!!! I'm eagerly waiting to hear more about that! 4. Julio asks: I'd like to share my experience. I am a therapist and I suffered from, and am still working on, feeling inadequate. I frequently questioned "am I good enough to be a therapist?" "How can I help others if I have issues of my own?" After reading Feeling Good I realized I frequently jump to conclusions, engage in mind reading, and labeling whenever there is some uncertainty with my clients. At times I might even have blamed them when things didn't go the way I thought they should go. I believe I do that to protect my ego, and I might have developed some cognitive distortions related to entitlement such as "I'm a therapist, people are supposed to do what I say" "I worked too hard and too long and potential employers better give me what I deserve" "Because I practice evidence-based therapy, I'm better than 99% of all therapists." These entitled thoughts led me to become irate whenever someone didn't act according to my expectations. I would vacillate between feeling angry and feeling depressed. I guess when I initially emailed Fabrice I was confused as to how my entitlement develops, but now I'm realizing that it comes from the same distortions that can cause depression. I didn't know that distortions could produce depression and entitlement. I'm curious what you and Fabrice think about this. I thoroughly what you and Fabrice think about this. I thoroughly enjoy your podcast and often find myself re-listening to earlier episodes. 5. Holly asks: " Burns: I have found tremendous value in your books and podcast. I have noticed that you discuss some emails/letters/etc. on your podcast and I have one I'd like to hear you discuss. What are your thoughts on dealing with racism, sexism, and other societal barriers? For example, it is not uncommon for people with dominant identities (white, male, physically able) to tell women, people of color, or those with physical challenges that their issues are all in their minds and that if they thought differently, then they would have different outcomes. I am an African-American woman and I don't believe this (the statistics on access to education, employment, and justice all suggest otherwise). What are you saying (if anything) in your writing, practice about thoughts related to injustice? Best, Holly So there you have it! Great questions, and keep them coming! Thanks, David and Fabrice

Debbie asks: Can you use TEAM-CBT to help people with medical disorders, such as Parkinsonism or Cancer? Here is the promised link to Stirling Moorey's book on Cognitive Therapy for cancer patients. Here is the link the first episode of live therapy with Marilyn, a woman who was diagnosed with Stage 4 lung cancer a couple days before her session with David and Dr. Matthew May. You may also want to listen to podcasts 50 to 52 and 59, which also feature David and Matt working with Marilyn. Marilyn described these inspiring podcasts as mind-blowing! Mark asks: How can I help a depressed family member or friend who is passive and doesn't want to do anything? Paul asks: How can I get over death anxiety? Sune asks: If you're super-shy, does this mean you have "Avoidant Personality Disorder?" What's the difference between garden variety shyness and a personality disorder? Sly asks: "Do you believe in the big five personality traits model? And will your therapy tools change these big five traits? I got a score of 67 on neuroticism, which means I am more prone to anger, depression, anxiety, and vulnerability, and tend to think about things in a pessimistic way. If I do the exercises in your books, and develop a more realistic outlook on myself and others, does it follow that my "personality traits" will get more or less changed?" According to Wikipedia, the "Big Five" are O = Openness to experience, C = Conscientiousness, E = Extraversion, A = Agreeableness, and N = Neuroticism, often represented by the acronym, OCEAN. Here's an important point I forgot to make on the podcast. According to Wikipedia, here's the definition of "Neuroticism:" People with high neuroticism indexes are at risk for the development and onset of common mental disorders. . . such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorder, symptoms of which had traditionally been called neuroses." Can you see that this is a tautology? In other words, they ask you if you tend to have these kinds of symptoms, then they tell you this is "due to" some "trait" you have called "neuroticism." But they are defining "neuroticism" as people who tend to have more of these kinds of symptoms! It's circular reasoning. I hope you can "see" this! The reason I mention this is they make it sound like they discovered some "trait" you have which causes you to have depression, or anxiety, and so forth. But they haven't! It's just a word game. In fact, scientists don't yet know the causes of any of these problems, and "traits" do not actually "exist." Haike asks: What if you've battled your negative thoughts and self-defeating beliefs and still don't feel happy? An absence of depression and anxiety does not necessarily mean more joy in life. How can you help people find out where they want to go in life, who they want to be, and what it is that brings them happiness?"

If you're my patient, and you want help, I will ask you what specific problem you want help with. These are the four most common problems I see: depression, anxiety, relationship conflicts, or habits and addictions. Then I'll ask you to zero in on one specific moment when you were struggling with that problem. For example, if you want help with depression and low self-esteem, I'll ask you to describe one moment when you were feeling down. It could be any moment at all—it might even be right now, sitting in my office (or reading this text). Then I'd ask you to tell me exactly what you were thinking and feeling at that moment. You might be telling yourself, "I'm no good. I shouldn't have screwed up! I'm always doing that! I'll feel like this forever." These thoughts actually cause the feelings of depression, shame, inferiority, and hopelessness. In contrast, if you want help with anxiety, I will ask you to identify one specific moment when you were feeling anxious, worried, nervous, frightened or panicky. For example, you might have been feeling shy and insecure at a party, or terrified just before you had to take a test or give a talk at work. Or it might have been a moment when you were having a panic attack and feeling like you were on the verge of passing out or losing control and going crazy. If you've been having trouble getting along with a friend or family member, I would ask you to describe one brief interaction you've had with the person you're at odds with, and I'd ask you to write down one specific thing they said to you, end exactly what you said next. For example, a podcast fan told me that his wife said, "You never listen." He responded by saying, "That's not true! I'm listening to you right now." He was puzzled when she got even more upset and then the argument escalated! I recently did a one-day workshop on the treatment of unwanted habits and addictions, like procrastination, overeating, excessive cell phone use, or drinking too much. I encouraged the audience members to focus on one specific moment when they felt tempted to procrastinate, binge, or have a drink, or give in to their habit / addiction, and to write down all the Tempting Thoughts that were going through their minds, like: Oh, that beer looks SO GOOD! I've had a hard day, I deserve it. I'll just take one little sip. That can't hurt! There's a good basketball game on TV. It will be way more fun to watch if I enjoy a few beers! In each case—of depression, anxiety, a relationship problem, or a habit / addiction—I focus on one brief and specific moment when my patient was upset and having that problem. There are two reason for this concept of Specificity: When we understand what was happening at that one brief moment, we will understand everything of importance about that problem. As it turns out, all of your suffering will be encapsulated in that one brief example. So, when you understand why you were feeling depressed or panicky or whatever at that specific moment, you will understand everything you need to know about why you get depressed, or panicky, or whatever at any moment of your life. In addition, the moment you learn how to change the way you were thinking, feeling at that one brief moment, you will become enlightened, and you will suddenly grasp the solution to all of your problems. That's because that one specific problem will simply repeat itself over and over, in slightly different disguises, every time you are depressed, or anxious, or arguing with a friend or family member, or struggling with temptations. So, once you understand the solution to that problem at one specific moment, you will understand the solution to that type of problem at any time in your life. For example, if you were having a conflict with a loved one, you will not only learn how to resolve that conflict at that specific moment, but you will learn how to resolve any conflict you have with that person, or with practically anybody. Fabrice and David link this Specificity concept to the amazing insights of the new branch of "fractal geometry." Fractal geometry is a revolutionary form of mathematics in which a very simple formula, or shape, gets reproduced an infinite number of times. In the process, it morphs from a simple geometric shape and suddenly becomes a complex picture. For example, it may turn into a stunning green fern, or a gorgeous, multi-colored parrot, or a breathtaking landscape. But if you zero in on the tiniest piece of the picture, it will always look exactly the same—the same simple design that started the process. Similarly, in "fractal psychotherapy," we zero in on one very brief moment of your life, but the formula—or error—that caused you to become upset at that moment will always be the very same error you make every time you feet inferior or anxious or angry or tempted. And once you've changed at that one brief moment, you really will experience enlightenment! And your entire universe will become enlightened as well! Fabrice

In this role-reversal of the traditional Feeling Good Podcast, Dr. David Burns and his special guest, Dr. Rhonda Barovsky, interview Dr. Fabrice Nye, your beloved podcast host, on the topic of Mindfulness and Meditation, which are currently popular with the therapeutic community. Fabrice answers questions like these: What's mindfulness? How does it differ from meditation? What's the history of mindfulness as well as meditation? Did it originate with the Buddha, or did it date back even earlier? What are some of the goals and potential benefits of mindfulness? Why specific exercises can you do to develop greater mindfulness ? Why is mindfulness helpful? How does it work? Some people meditate in silence for prolonged times, like ten days, for example. What is the goal here? Are there any dangers of meditation? How does mindfulness differ from yoga, relaxation training, and self-hypnosis? Some people seem to love and benefit from meditation, and others find it uninteresting or even annoying. Why is this? What's the difference in these two groups of people? Is it okay not to be interested in meditation, or is something that everyone "should" do? The goal of mindfulness seems to be learning to deal more effectively with stressful thought and feelings. Does it deal with motivation and the resistance to change? TEAM-CBT makes us aware of the incredible importance of resistance, and provides many methods for reducing or eliminating resistance before you try any Method to "help" the patient. Does Mindfulness Meditation deal with resistance, or would it best be viewed as a method that can help individuals who are already strongly motivated to invest time and effort in their personal growth?

You CAN Defeat Shyness! Lately, I've gotten lots of emails from podcast fans who struggle with shyness, which is categorized in DSM5 (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) as "Social Anxiety Disorder." This is one of my favorite things to treat, since I struggled with practically EVERY type of social anxiety early in my life, so I really know how it feels and how to defeat it. It's incredibly common. In fact, when I give workshops for mental health professionals, I sometimes ask how many of them have struggled with shyness or public speaking anxiety, and nearly all the hands go up. This podcast will be the first of several on this topic, because it's so common and relatively easy to overcome--IF you have the courage! Here the are several different "flavors" of social anxiety recognized by the American Psychiatric Association, including: Shyness Public Speaking Anxiety Performance Anxiety (such as intense anxiety during a musical or athletic performance) Shy Bladder (or Bowel) Syndrome. This is the fear of peeing or pooing in a public restroom, for fear you'll freeze up or make too much noise and others will notice. Test Anxiety One common theme is the fear that others will notice your anxiety or poor performance and judge you. Another common source of suffering is shame of feeling like you are inherently flawed and will be seen as defective or even as insane by others. Sometimes, these fears become so extreme that they can significantly interfere with relationships and leisure-time activities as well as work. Dan is a podcast fan who courageously immigrated to the United States from Iran as a young man. When he arrived in America, he had little education and almost no knowledge of English. He also suffered from an extreme case of acne, which eventually cleared up, but left him with severe social anxiety. In spite of these problems, Dan worked hard, learned English, and became a top student in college and in graduate school as well, and went on to develop an excellent career. But in certain performance situations, such as public speaking or interacting with strangers, he panics and trembles and his heart races; his mouth twitches and his voice gets shaky, and he has thoughts like these: I'm about to lose control over myself. Others will see my symptoms and think I'm mentally insane. In spite of making Herculean efforts to control these symptoms, I have failed. I will never overcome this. I am defective for life. I will lose my job. David and Fabrice remind listeners that they cannot treat anyone through a podcast, and that there are large numbers of treatment techniques that can be extremely helpful in the context of a compassionate and skillful therapeutic relationship. Since Dan is seeing an excellent therapist, they suggest and illustrate five powerful Interpersonal Exposure Techniques that Dan might want to do under the supervision of his therapist, including: The Survey Technique Self-Disclosure The Experimental Technique Shame Attacking Exercises The Feared Fantasy Technique David and Fabrice also discuss how to address patient and therapist fears of using powerful exposure techniques, and how the avoidance of exposure can sabotage the treatment. They describe four techniques David as developed to help therapists with this, including: Dangling the Carrot The Gentle Ultimatum Sitting with Open Hands Fallback Position David describes "Reverse Hypnosis." This is where the patient hypnotizes the therapist into giving up on exposure thinking that it is "too dangerous," or that the patient isn't "ready" or is "too fragile." And speaking of anxiety, listeners might want to consider the upcoming workshop by David and his colleague, Dr. Jill Levitt, on the treatment of anxiety disorders on May 19, 2019. Check it out below! Also, I promised to post my list of 100 Shame Attacking Exercises, so here it is! It's not perfect, so please have low expectations. It does have some value.

Can the Five Secrets of Effective Communication Help Us in this Era of Intensely Polarized Politics? Clearly, the nation is intensely divided, and passions on both sides of the political divide are characterized by hostility, frustration, and mistrust. Can the Five Secrets of Effective Communication help us communicate with colleagues, friends and loved ones who may have radically different political beliefs? Find out on this edition of the Feeling Good Podcast, as the David and Fabrice respond to Eileen, a podcast fan who kindly allowed us to share her intensely painful conflict with her mother with all of you. Eileen's mother is an ardent Trump fan, and Eileen is an equally ardent anti-Trumper, and there have been plenty of tears on both sides of the aisle! Eileen wrote: "How can you talk to someone with whom you fundamentally disagree? My Mom is a big fan of the current regime (Trump) and I'm horrified by what's happened in the past two years and what's coming. It's hard for me to get past my rage at her. . . intensely distorted and not-reality based beliefs, fed by right-wing media. To be clear, she thinks exactly the same about my beliefs and information sources. I feel so stuck. . . and I would love to repair this relationship with her before she dies." Can you identify with similar conflicts in your own family or circle of friends? I know that I can, and it's quite painful. Fabrice and I will give you our take on a new approach to this widespread problem this Sunday! While you're listening, you can take a look at Eileen's Relationship Journal. You may also want to review the Five Secrets of Effective Communication as well as the three advanced communication techniques we discussed in last week's podcast. Let us know what you think after you've listened to the podcast!

Learning to use the Five Secrets skillfully requires strong motivation and lots of practice, but the benefits can be tremendous. The Five Secrets have transformed my clinical work as well as my personal and professional relationships. And they've also had a huge impact on my teaching. But there are even more communication techniques that can be immensely helpful. In this podcast, we discuss three advanced techniques: Changing the Focus. This technique can be tremendously helpful when there's an "elephant" in the room. Multiple Choice Empathy. This technique can be transformative when you're trying to connect with a teenager, friend or loved one who refuses to talk to you. Positive Reframing. This technique can be invaluable when you're fighting with a colleague, patient, friend or family member, and you're both feeling frustrated, angry, and upset. David emphasizes that these techniques may look easy, but they are actually difficult to learn and require lots of practice as well as the mindset of humility, as well as a strong desire to develop a more loving relationships with the person you're not getting along with. People who are serious about learning can read Feeling Good Together and do the written exercises while you read!

More Great Questions from Listeners Kevin asks: After your initial improvement from treatment or from reading your book, Feeling Good, what can one do moving forward to give yourself "booster shots?" Umatsagir asks a related question: I feel great right after reading your book, Feeling Good, but the effect diminishes over time. What should I do? Umatsagir also asks: Is there an anxiety masterpiece equivalent of your book, Feeling Good? Kyle asks: What can I do, as a therapist, about the passive patient who just shrugs when I ask what he wants to work on, and says, "My Mom thinks I should come to see you." When I try to dig deeper to try to find out what patients like this want help with, I run into resistance and then they typically drop out of therapy. What should I do? Benjamin asks a somewhat related question: How do you treat chronic laziness? In your book, Feeling Good, you call this "Do-Nothingism," which is a lack of motivation that you often see in depression. In your book, you talk about ten different types of procrastination, with a different approach for each. If the patient feels overwhelmed by many things he or she is procrastinating on, how can you help that person, since he or she probably can't do the psychotherapy homework, either! It's a Catch-22, since they cannot find the motivation to do anything, but have to do the homework to improve! Jim asks another related question: How about doing a podcast on psychotherapy homework? "What do you have your patients do for homework? This is particularly important since I have 45 minute sessions and can only see my patients for 45 minutes every two or three weeks."

I hope you've enjoyed these episode on Common Therapist Errors, and I apologize in advance if any of the ideas I'm proposing in today's podcast seem "over the top" or simply off base. I teach with great passion, but I'm not always right! Fortunately, my esteemed host, Dr. Fabrice Nye, challenges me quite a bit, and he is almost always right. Hopefully, you will enjoy our dialogue and the chance to think a bit more critically about psychotherapy. And when you find I've made an error, or said something offensive to you, I hope you will put it in perspective. I'm kind of a mixed bag, to be honest. I believe I have a lot to offer, but I've got tons of flaws, too! I fight my flaws, but not always with success. For better or worse, here are today's therapist errors! 1. Confusing psychoeducation with psychotherapy. Pyschoeducation can be helpful, but it's rarely curative. Effective psychotherapy requires much more. Here are some examples of helpful psychoeducation: Teaching people about the list of ten common cognitive distortions from David's book, Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy Teaching people how to pinpoint their negative feelings at any moment in time using David's Daily Mood Log Teaching people that your thoughts, and not external events, create all of your positive and negative feelings Explaining the Five Secrets of Effective Communication etc. etc. etc. Psychotherapy means helping people CHANGE the way they think and feel, or helping people develop more loving and satisfying personal relationships. That requires a great deal of therapeutic skill and hard work on the part of the patient--during sessions and between sessions. it also requires a warm and trusting therapeutic alliance. 2. Belief in Gurus. Believing that the individuals who start schools of therapy are nice and well-balanced individuals! David describes conversations with the late Albert Ellis, PhD, who argued that many, and arguably most, are incredibly narcissistic and manipulative. Sometimes, individuals who appear incredibly charming and brilliant and inspiring have a dark underbellies they are keeping hidden! David argues that it might be more desirable to have a science-based, data driven, systematic approach to psychotherapy, as opposed to a field dominated by therapeutic schools, which sometimes function almost like competing cults. 3. Reverse / "backward" statistical reasoning. Most therapists who work with patients with Borderline Personality Disorder as well as Multiple Personality Disorder, as well as patients who are prone to violence, believe that childhood trauma, deprivation, or abuse is the main cause of these problems. They believe this because patients with those diagnoses frequently describe traumatic experiences in their past, so they assume those experiences caused the patient's disorder. This is a statistical and conceptual error, because most individuals who experienced traumas when growing up never developed Borderline Personality Disorder or Multiple Personality Disorder. This is not to say that traumas are unimportant—traumatic experiences at any phase of life can be very damaging. What this DOES mean is that most psychiatric problems have other causes. What are those other causes? They are not known, for the most part. This information is not easy for many people to accept. For example, I just found this statement on WebMd: "As many as 99% of individuals who develop dissociative disorders have recognized personal histories of recurring, overpowering, and often life-threatening disturbances at a sensitive developmental stage of childhood (usually before age 9)." Here's another web comment: "Several studies have shown that a diagnosis of BPD is associated with child abuse and neglect more than any other personality disorders [7, 8], with a range between 30 and 90% in BPD patients [7, 9]." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472954/ The same source also stated that: ". . . Widom and collaborators [12] followed 500 children who had suffered physical and sexual abuse and neglect and 396 matched controls, and they observed that . . . the presence of a risk factor, such as adverse childhood events, was not necessary or sufficient to explain the reason why some individuals developed BPD symptoms in adulthood, whereas others did not." If you are interested, you can find the references to these studies at the end of this blog. Here is one way of understanding this error. Childhood sexual abuse is far more common in the population (typically estimated in the range of 15% of men and 25% of women), and if you add childhood trauma or neglect, these percentages in crease even more. AT the same time, the incidence of Borderline Personality Disorder or Dissociative Identity Disorder are typically estimated around 1%. That means that most individuals who have experienced childhood sexual abuse, neglect or trauma do not develop these disorders. I do not in any way mean to minimize the importance of trauma, sexual abuse o

I was concerned that our recent "Ten Most Common Therapist Errors" show might antagonize people, but we got quite a lot of positive and encouraging feedback from listeners, which was surprising to me. As a result, Fabrice and I decided to take a chance and publish two more shows on common therapist errors this week and next week. We hope you like these shows! Make sure you let us know what you think, and let me apologize in advance if I come across as annoying or overly cynical. All of the errors I describe are correctable; the goal is to improve the treatment of individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, troubled relationships, or habits and addictions. Thanks! Here are the five errors discussed in today's show. 1. Failure to hold patients accountable. Example, the therapist may let the depressed patient slip by without doing psychotherapy homework, since the patient insists he or she doesn't have enough time or motivation to do the homework; or the therapist may agree to treatment an anxious patient without using exposure, since the patient may resist exposure; or a patient may treat someone with a relationship conflict without exploring the patient's role in the problem, and so forth. David argues that this rarely or never leads to significant change, much less recovery. However, many therapists, and perhaps most, get seduced into this error for a variety of reasons. 2, The "corrective emotional experience." This is the belief that the patient's long-term relationship with the therapist will be sufficient for growth and recovery, without having to do any psychotherapy homework or be accountable. Therapist may imagine himself or herself as the loving and nurturing parent the patient never had. David argues that this caters to the therapist's ego and feeds into what the patient wants as well—a long-term relationship built on schmoozing. But does it lead to recovery? Here's David's short answer: Nope! Warmth, empathy, and trust are necessary ingredients for good therapy, but they are simply not sufficient. Your patient may think you're the most wonderful and supportive listener in the world, but that will rarely or never lead to recovery from depression, an anxiety disorder, or an addiction, and it will not lead to the skills to heal troubled relationships, either. 3. Responding defensively to patient criticisms. David argues that therapists almost always react defensively to criticisms by patients, such "you don't' get me," or "you aren't helping," or "you don't really care about me." He describes an interesting five-year study of psychoanalysts in Atlanta, Georgia, sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), to find out how the analysts responded to patient criticisms. You may find the results surprising! He gives an example of defensive responding during a workshop he conducted at a hospital in Pennsylvania. Therapists can learn to correct this error with lots of practice with the Five Secrets of Effective Communication, but this requires several things: Using the Patient's Evaluation of Therapy Session after each session so can quickly pinpoint empathy / relationship failures. Lots of practice with the Five Secrets. Humility, and the willingness to see the world through the eyes of the patient. This requires the "Great Death" of the therapist's ego! 4. Joining a school of therapy and treating everything with the same method or approach. Can you imagine what it would be like if medicine was organized like this, with "schools of therapy," like the "penicillin school"? David apologetically argues that the abolition of all schools of therapy would be a good thing. Fabrice disagrees, and argues that the treatment of psychological problems is inherently different from the treatment of medical disorders. Let us know what YOU think! 5. Confirmation paradox. I (David) majored in the philosophy of science in college, and this was one of the first topics, and it definitely applies to our thinking about the causes of emotional problems. I'll try to make it really simple and understandable. Here's the essence of this error. If I have a theory that predicts the patient's behavior you may conclude that your theory is correct. But this logic can be very misleading. Here's a general science example Your theory: the sun circles around the earth. Your prediction: if my theory is true, the sun will come up in the east each morning and set in the west each evening. Your observation: the sun DOES come up in the east and set in the west, exactly as predicted. Your erroneous conclusion: the sun circles around the earth. Now let's consider a psychotherapy example. Many therapists believe that perfectionism and insecurity result from growing up with parents who emphasized hard work and high standards as a precondition for being loved. Now let's assume that you have a perfectionistic and insecure patient who remembers feeling like s/he wasn't good enough when growing up. So, you conclude that the patient's

Do you have trouble saying "no"? Lots of people do—and it can sometimes get you into trouble. In spite of many best-selling books on assertiveness, like Manuel J. Smith's classic book, "When I Say No I Feel Guilty," many people still have trouble saying no. For example, you may have led someone on in a romantic relationship because you were afraid of saying no and breaking the other person's heart. Or, you feel burned out, because you're always giving, giving, giving because you can't—or won't—say no. Or, you may end up hopelessly over committed at work, putting in long hours and feeling secretly used and resentful, because you don't know how to say no. Sound familiar? In this Podcast, Fabrice and David interview Dr. Jill Levitt, the Director of Clinical Training at the Feeling Good Institute in Mt. View, California. Jill confesses that she sometimes has trouble saying no—to new referrals when her practice is full, to her family, who she loves tremendously, as well as colleagues who request this or that. David admits he sometimes has similar problems. There are lots of reasons why you may have trouble saying no. Some are negative, but some are actually positive, including: Conflict phobia. You are afraid that if you say no, the other person will get angry and annoyed with you. Fear of disapproval or rejection. You are afraid that if you say no, the other person will judge you, disapprove of you, or reject you. Perceived narcissism. You believe that other people will lash out if you don't give in to their demands. Submissiveness. You believe that your role in relationships is to make others happy, even at the expense of your own needs and feelings. Joy / Love. Jill confesses that she often says yes to this or that request because she feels it will be fun, or because she doesn't want to let the other person down. One example would be baking brownies for her sons when she's exhausted. One consequences would be giving in, but resenting the person she's saying yes to. Guilt. You may feel that if you say no, it means that you are somehow "bad," and that it's your duty to please other people. Achievement addiction. You say yes to almost everything because you think this or that activity will make you more productive and successful. Fabrice, Jill and David discuss many strategies for overcoming this problem, including: Empathy--as a therapist, you always want to start with empathy, without trying to "help." Motivational strategies such as the Paradoxical Cost-Benefit Analysis, Positive Reframing, or even the Straightforward Cost-Benefit Analysis. This is crucial to find out if patients really want to change before using methods to help them become more assertive. Punting. This is a delay strategy that David uses to get himself off the hook when feeling ambivalent about a request. For example, you can say, "I'm really pleased and honored that you've invited me to do X. I'm going to check with my schedule and see what might be possible, and I'll get back to you." Then, he has a day or two to work up the courage to say "no" in a kindly way. Write down your Negative Thoughts. when you're feeling compelled to say yes because you're feeling anxious or guilty, Ask yourself, "What am I telling myself?" Those thoughts will nearly always be distorted. Then ask yourself how you could challenge and talk back to those thoughts. Fabrice, Jill and David also discuss how to say no effectively and demonstrate this skill in a role-play with Jill that is surprisingly challenging! They also demonstrate the Feared Fantasy, a powerful technique to help patients say no, using Jill's example. Her worst fear is that if she says no to colleagues, they will: Feel disappointed. Become angry and demanding. Will say they won't work with her in the future if she says no. Will say they'll get someone else to do whatever it is, and that Jill will miss out on all the fun. David and Fabrice play the role of colleagues from hell who put demands on Jill to do another podcast and then get upset when she tries to say no. The dialogue is quite entertaining and dynamic, and Jill finds it helpful, though anxiety-provoking. They also describe the importance of giving patients homework to actually say no between sessions to requests that are excessive or inappropriate.

Answers to Great Questions from Listeners Like YOU! Dylan asks: Do you believe in Freud's "secondary gain," in which patients resist change because they benefit from their symptoms? Juleann asks: Is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) a real thing? Ismail asks: Should I use the Daily Mood Log just when I'm upset, or at the end of the day, or when? Do I have to stop what I'm doing when I get negative thoughts so I can write them down and work on them? Abe asks: What about negative thoughts that are valid? For example, I was interested in astronomy and physics as a teenager, but my SAT scores showed I had no aptitude for a career in these areas. Kevin asks: Can positive flooding be used to change the object of our desires—for example, our sexual desires, like the man in one of your books who had lost sexual interest in his wife? Valentina asks: Where do cognitive distortions come from? Our parents? Our genes? Societal messages?

This is David and Fabrice's top ten list for the worst errors therapists make. 1. Failure to Measure (symptoms, empathy and helpfulness). Research shows that therapists' perceptions of how their patients feel, or feel about them, are not accurate. TEAM therapists measure symptom severity at the start and end of every therapy session with brief accurate scales that assess depression, suicidal urges, anxiety, anger, relationship satisfaction, and happiness. This allows therapists to see, for the first time, exactly how effective or ineffective they are in every single therapy session. This can be threatening to the therapist's ego, but has revolutionized clinical practice. In addition, TEAM therapists assess the patient's perception of therapist warmth, empathy, understanding, and helpfulness after every single session. The scales are extremely sensitive to therapist errors, and most therapists receive mostly failing grades from their patients initially when they use these scales, which can be a shock to the system! But dialoguing with the patient about the scores at the next therapy session can lead to breakthroughs in the clinical work and dramatic improvements in the quality of the therapeutic alliance. 2. Trying to help, "save," "rescue" or "reassure" patients. Most therapists are addicted to this, but it simply triggers resistance. When therapists push in their efforts to help, most patients will push back. No one likes to be "sold" on anything. When patients are hurting, they want to be heard, not saved. In TEAM we do Paradoxical Agenda Setting before trying to "help." We emphasize, in a respectful way, all the really GOOD reasons NOT to change. We also highlight what the patient's symptoms, such as shame, depression, panic, defectiveness, hopelessness and anger, show about him or her that's positive and awesome, Then we raise the question: "Given all those positives, why in the world would you want to change?" This strategy has led to breakthroughs in treatment, and I now see recovery from depression and anxiety at rates I would have impossible ten or fifteen years ago. 3. Reverse Hypnosis. Depressive hypnosis. The patient persuades the therapist that s/he really is worthless, inferior, and hopeless, and the therapist false into a trance and believes it! This dooms the therapy. Anxiety hypnosis. The patient persuades the therapist that s/he is to fragile to use exposure, or that the exposure is too dangerous, and the therapist buys right into it! This also dooms the therapy. Recovery from anxiety is more or less impossible without exposure. Relationship hypnosis. The patient persuades the therapist that s/he is the victim of some other person's bad behavior, and that the other person is entirely to blame for the relationship conflict. Therapists almost always buy this message, and this also dooms the therapy. 4, Believing therapy must be slow and last a long time. This is taught in most graduate school programs, and tends to function as a self-fulfilling prophecy. I met a famous psychoanalyst who was proud that most of her patients had been in therapy for more than ten years, and a few were just now making baby steps, she said, toward change. With TEAM, I usually see a complete elimination of symptoms at the first therapy session, although it has to be a double session (two hours). In addition, the recover usually occurs in a burst, all at once, in just a few seconds, or in several sudden orbital leaps during the session. 5. Believing that the purpose of therapy is to get in touch with your feelings (Emotional Reasoning). This message has been pushed for years, and was the basis of my training. The idea was that people bottle up their feelings, like anger, and then it comes out as depression. The message is still pushed today! I've never seen much validity in this point of view. People can express their anger, their panic, and their feelings of worthlessness until the cows come home, but they'll still be just as angry, panicky, and they'll still feel worthless! There is at least one notable exception to this rule. Most anxious patients are exceptionally "nice" and sweep their feelings under the table. Then the feelings come out indirectly, as OCD, panic attacks, GAD, or a phobia, or even as somatic complaints such as chronic pain, fatigue, or dizziness. Bringing the suppressed feelings to conscious awareness and expressing them is the basis of my Hidden Emotion Technique, and it often leads to a sudden and complete recovery from any form of anxiety. 6. Confusing your own feelings for how the patient feels. This is a psychoanalytic error. I read an article on the psychoanalytic view of empathy, which was defined as the analyst's feelings when in the presence of the patient. This is a misguided and almost delusional notion. The analyst's feelings are the complete creation of the analyst's thoughts! And those thoughts will often be distorted and completely misleading. Therapist's perceptions of how their

How can you get rid of Self-Defeating Beliefs? Although any of the 100 + TEAM-CBT methods can be used to modify an SDB, four methods will be highlighted in today's show. Cost-Benefit Analysis Semantic Method Experimental Technique Feared Fantasy For more information on how to change SDBs, you might want to watch the extremely popular David and Jill FB Live show on Overcoming Perfectionism (recorded on November 11, 2018). What research has been done on SDBs? This topic was not discussed in the show, but individuals with an interest in research might want to read David's study with Dr. Jackie Persons on the causal connections between depression and SDBs about dependency (attachment) as well as achievement (perfectionism) in several hundred patients in Philadelphia during the first 12 weeks of their treatment at David's clinic. The study confirmed That both types of SBS were significantly correlated with depression severity at intake and at the 12-week evaluation. In addition, changes in depression were correlated with changes in SDBs. However, a sophisticated statistical analysis with structural equation modeling techniques did not confirm that SDBs had causal effects on depression, or that depression had causal effects on SDBs. Instead, SDBs and feelings of depression appeared to share an unknown common cause. Persons, J. B., Burns, D. D., Perloff, J. M., & Miranda, J. (1993). Relationships between symptoms of depression and anxiety and dysfunctional beliefs about achievement and attachment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101(4): 518 - 524.

Rajesh asked: Is it possible to change an SDB? Does the mere knowledge of an SDB change it? How long does it take to change an SDB? How do you change SDBs? Nikola asked: Aaron Beck said the SDBs never really go away. They just get activated and deactivated and activated again. Does this mean that depression is an incurable disease that will keep coming back over and over again? What's the point in battling against a core belief if it cannot be changed? Fabrice and I appreciate your questions--they often give us ideas for shows! In today's Podcast you'll learn the answers to several questions about Self-Defeating Beliefs. What's the difference between Self-Defeating Beliefs (SDBs) vs. Cognitive Distortions? The thoughts that contain cognitive distortions, such as All-or-Nothing Thinking, Overgeneralization, Discounting the Positive, and Self-Blame are distortions of reality, they are the cons that trigger depression and anxiety. When you're upset, these thoughts will flood your mind. These thoughts can be show to be false, and when you crush a distorted negative thought, you'll immediately feel better. Self-Defeating Beliefs are stipulations, values that you've set up for your self. For example, you may base your self-esteem on your accomplishments due to your belief that people who accomplish more are more worthwhile as human beings. SDBs like this cannot actually be shown to be false--they are simply your personal, subjective values, and they are thought to be with you all the time, and not just when you're depressed, anxious, or angry. The question with an SDB is this: What are the advantages and disadvantages of having this value system? How will it help me--what are the benefits--and how might it hurt me? What's the downside? Why are Self-Defeating Beliefs thought to be important? When you challenge and defeat a distorted thought, you feel better in the here-and-now. When you challenge and change an SDB, you change your value system at a deep level. This is thought to make you less vulnerable to painful mood swings and relationship conflicts in the future. What are the different kinds of SDBs? David's list of 23 Common SDBs is attached. This list is not comprehensive, as there are many more, but the ones on the list are very common. There are several categories of SDBs. Individual SDBs are often "Self-Esteem Equations" Perfectionism Perceived Perfectionism Achievement Addiction Approval Addiction Love Addiction Interpersonal SDBs are expectations of what will happen in certain kinds of relationships, or relationships in general What's your understanding of the other person's role in your relationship? What adjectives describe him or her? What's your understanding of your person's role in the relationship? What adjectives describe you? How would that kind of relationship feel? What rules connect the two roles? Other kinds of SDBs Anger / conflict cluster Entitlement Truth Blame Anxiety cluster Niceness Conflict Phobia Anger Phobia Emotophobia Submissiveness Spotlight Fallacy Brushfire Fallacy How can you identify your own, or a patient's, Self-Defeating Beliefs? Look at the list of 23 individual SDBs (easiest). You might want to do that right now. Review the list, and you'll probably find many of your own beliefs! Individual Downward Arrow Interpersonal Downward Arrow

I recently did two terrific interviews (Podcasts #92 and #111) with Stephanie James on her superb radio show and podcast, The Spark. Today, Fabrice and I are bringing you my third and final interview with Stephanie, as we describe how to convert conflicted relationships into loving, rewarding ones. Stephanie said it was her favorite interview, although all three were really fun for me. Today you will once again hear how dynamic, warm and positive she is! My first interview with Stephanie was on the amazing inner power we all have to change our thoughts, feelings, actions, and lives. We talked about how to transform your automatic negative thoughts and create a more joyful present and a more fulfilling future. My second interview with Stephanie was on the evolution of traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) into the new TEAM-CBT. We highlighted the amazing new motivation-busting techniques that can lead to extraordinarily rapid recovery. Stephanie also recently interviewed our beloved colleague, Dr. Matthew May, a psychiatrist who is a phenomenal TEAM therapist. Click here if you'd like to take a look and listen. Matt has worked with Fabrice and me on our podcasts--you may remember the amazing and inspiring podcasts featuring live therapy with Marilyn. Stephanie is a outstanding therapist and radio personality from Colorado. It was an honor to be on her show on three occasions. Stephanie is co-authoring a book on how to live a "spark-filled life." It should be completed soon, so you'll likely be hearing much more from Stephanie during 2019!

This dynamic interview covers the integration of TEAM-CBT with Christianity as well as Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, the Muslim faith, and more. Mike, Fabrice and I describe many areas of overlap, as well as some potential conflicts, between the teachings and methods of TEAM-CBT and religious beliefs. Mike and I suggest that religion and TEAM-CBT are, in fact, attempting to do the exact same things using slightly different language and symbolism. We strongly agree that at the moment of recovery, a person's religious beliefs are nearly always strengthened and deepened, and never challenged or belittled. Mike, Fabrice and I also discuss topics like religious scrupulosity, religious obsessions, cognitive distortions (John 8:32: "The truth will set you free"), and the so-called "dark night of the soul" described by Christian and Buddhist mystics. We also talk about the spiritual and psychological aspects of enlightenment (e.g. salvation), Should Statements, the Disarming Technique, forgiveness, repentance, the death of the ego, pride vs. humility, and more. If you have an interest in religious or philosophical topics, you will love this podcast! You might also enjoy the podcasts with Marilyn on what to do when you've lost your belief in God and find yourself in darkness and intense suffering! Mike Christensen treats individuals throughout Canada via teletherapy and also offers online training for mental health professionals throughout the world. If you have a question for Mike, or wish to contact him, you can find him at www.FeelingGoodInstitute.com.

Fabrice and I were thrilled to interview our dear friend and colleague, Stephen Pfleiderer, who is the first therapist in the world using TEAM-CBT techniques in the treatment of habits and addictions, including life threatening addictions, like intravenous heroin or meth marijuana alcohol binge eating procrastination smoking internet porn and more Stephen begins with his personal story of excessive beer drinking starting in high school through his junior year in college when he hit a personal crisis, telling himself, "My life sucks. I can't live like this. I'm a loser." He decided to enter a 12-step recovery program, which helped tremendously, and eventually joined David's weekly TEAM training group at Stanford because of his dream of becoming a professional addiction therapist and interventionist.

Rebroadcast of a fabulous interview David did recently for "The Upgrade" Podcast (sponsored by the popular Life Hacker website with hosts Melissa Kirsch and Alice Bradley on a range of topics, including: Why did you write Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy? Is depression caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain? What's your experience with electro-convulsive therapy (ECT)? Why did you give up your research career in biological psychiatry? How can you tease out your negative thoughts when you know you're depressed but you just can't think of any thoughts? How does TEAM-CBT differ from conventional CBT? Can you use TEAM-CBT with severe problems, or is it only for individuals with mild mood disturbances?

1. Steven asks about the best route to take if you want to learn and practice TEAM-CBT? Is the degree important? What's the best degree? Should you go to school to become a psychologist, clinical social worker, addiction counselor, psychiatrist, professional counselor, pastoral counselor, marriage and family therapist, life coach, or what? There are so many degrees and potential paths that my head is spinning! 2. Sandy asks how to overcome long-standing, entrenched perfectionistic tendencies. 3. Rin asks about the Burns Depression checklist and the criteria for depression in the DSM. He is (understandably) confused about the so-called "somatic" symptoms of depression, like insomnia or changes in appetite. For example, some "experts" would argue that the following are all symptoms of clinical depression: insomnia or the opposite—sleeping too much; increased appetite or the opposite--decreased appetite; loss of interest in sex, or the opposite, sex addiction; loss of interest in work, or the opposite, being a workaholic. How can opposite symptoms be symptoms of depression? Does this make sense? Are these really the symptoms of depression, or simply non-specific symptoms? What are the five key symptoms of real depression? 4. Kevin is a therapist with a simple question: How do I get over my desire to help? 5. Amanda asks how to use the Disarming Technique with a patient who thinks he or she isn't making any progress in the therapy.

One of the goals for our Feeling Good Podcasts is to bring the TEAM-CBT techniques to life for mental health professionals, patients, and the general public as well. I (David Burns) use more than 50 Techniques when I'm working with individuals with depression, anxiety disorders, relationship problems, or habits / addictions. Today we will compare and contrast the four Truth-Based Techniques, including: Examine the Evidence The Experimental Technique The Survey Technique Reattribution These were among the first cognitive therapy techniques ever developed, and they were based on the work of Dr. Aaron Beck, from Philadelphia, as well as Dr. Albert Ellis, from New York. Dr. Ellis is the Grandfather of Cognitive Therapy, and he described many of these techniques in the 1950s. He called his treatment Rational Emotive Therapy, and it's still popular today. During the 1960s, Beck, who is considered the Father of Cognitive Therapy adapted the ideas of Dr. Ellis to the treatment of depression, and called his version of the treatment Cognitive Therapy. Beck emphasized that depression results from a negative view of the self, the world, and the future. In other words, the patient may think: I'm a loser. (negative view of the self) Nothing i do will be successful or rewarding. (negative view of the world) Things will never change. I'm hopeless. (negative view of the future) Beck claimed that the negative thoughts of the depressed individual are the actual cause of the depression. He also emphasized that the disturbing negative thoughts of depressed patients are nearly always distorted and illogical; however, depressed individuals don't realize that they're fooling themselves, so they think their negative thoughts are absolutely valid. Beck also claimed that depression could be treated without drugs in many cases, and focused his treatment on challenging the patient's distorted negative thoughts. Beck often compared depressed patients to scientists who have a theory about the world that simply isn't true. That's why scientists learn to test their theories by examining evidence and performing experiments. Beck suggested that depressed patients could also test the validity of their negative thoughts and beliefs by examining the evidence for and against what they're telling themselves, as well as by doing actual experiments to test their thoughts and beliefs. David and Fabrice bring the four basic truth-based techniques to life with actual patient examples. They answer the question, "What's the difference between Examine the Evidence and the Experimental Technique?" And "How does the Survey Technique work?" They emphasize the tremendous importance of warmth and empathy, as well as melting away patient resistance, before trying to implement any of these techniques. They also emphasize that these techniques, like all of the techniques, are powerful, and must be used with skill and compassion, or else they can backfire.

This is the second of three interviews with Stephanie James on her superb radio show and podcast, The Spark. Stephanie is an experienced therapist and dynamic radio personality from Colorado. She is co-authoring a book on how to live a "spark-filled life." This interview with Stephanie focused, in part, on the evolution of the new TEAM-CBT from traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Stephanie asks Dr. Burns questions on a wide range of topics, including: How would you treat a case of social anxiety? What is "therapeutic whitewashing" and how can therapists get over it? What should therapists do instead? How would you work with violent incarcerated teenagers, such as gang members? Why is it so important for therapists who are learning TEAM-CBT to check their egos at the door? After you published your first book, Feeling Good, and the first research study on CBT was published, cognitive therapy swept the world. After your initial euphoria, your enthusiasm dimmed somewhat. Why? And what new direction did your research lead? What are the most common errors that therapists make in thinking about the causes of therapeutic resistance? How can you overcome a patient's resistance to change? Can TEAM-CBT work rapidly for someone with horrific abuse and decades of failed therapy? How can you prevent relapses following the patient's initial recovery? Dr. Burns' third interview with Stephanie will be on the interpersonal TEAM model—how to convert conflicted relationships into loving, rewarding ones.

Fabrice and David address several challenging questions submitted by individuals who listen to the Feeling Good Podcasts. Richard: Do you have to get along with everybody? How do you deal with a sociopath? Dave: Positive distortions can trigger mania, addictions, narcissism, and violence--but how can you get rid of them? Julia: What can you do if you've been depressed all of your life and wake up every morning with your mind flooded with negative thoughts? I spend two hours trying to dispute them, but they just keep coming back the next day. Omhur: How would you treat "Reading OCD?" I feel compelled to read every sentence and paragraph carefully and repeatedly so I won't miss anything! Unnamed fan (who left a negative review on iTunes): Isn't your concept of the death of the ego potentially dangerous to people with low self-esteem who are being abused? Thank you for your terrific questions, your frequent praise, and your occasional criticisms and challenges. They keep us on our toes, and we deeply appreciate all of you. So keep your comments coming, as well as your suggestions for shows and topics you want to hear more about! We are receiving more than 50,000 downloads a month. Please tell your friends about us so we can continue to build our audience. Thanks! We really enjoy doing these shows for you.

A podcast listener asked about what techniques David is the most proud of. We briefly discuss each one on today's podcast. So here they are! The list of Ten Cognitive Distortions The Disarming Technique and Law of Opposites The Externalization of Voices plus Acceptance Paradox The two classic Uncovering Techniques: the Individual and Interpersonal Downward Arrow The Feared Fantasy and Acceptance Paradox The Experimental Technique for extremely rapid treatment of patients with Panic Attacks My published research with colleagues in the mid-1970s did not support the popular notion that depression results from a chemical imbalance in the brain Brief Mood Survey Positive Reframing The use of extended, two-hour therapy sessions

David emphasizes that there are two issues. First, can your "self" be validly judged as not good enough, as inferior or even worthless? Or, can your "self" be validly judged as more worthwhile, or even superior? And is it really true that some people are more worthwhile, or less worthwhile, than others? Do more worthwhile, or less worthwhile human beings exist? Second, do we even have a "self?" Fabrice talks about the history of the concept of ego. For example, Freud divided the human mind into three parts: the id, ego and superego. Do these really exist as "things," or are they just concepts, or metaphors for talking about the mind? When you try to think about the "ego" or the "self" as a thing, that's when you get in trouble. David argues that if you believe that someone people are "more worthwhile" or "less worthwhile," you'd have to define what a of worthwhile human being is.

Fabrice and David are pleased to chat with Dr. Taylor Chesney who is an expert in the treatment of children and teenagers with TEAM-CBT. Taylor was a member of Dr. Burns' Tuesday group at Stanford and his Sunday hiking group for two years before returning to her home in New York in 2014. She opened the Feeling Good Institute NYC, where she and her colleagues offer individual and intensive treatment as well as training for mental health professionals (in person and online). Today she reveals the inside scoop on how to use TEAM-CBT with children and teenagers, and their parents.

This is the second podcast on relationship problems. with Dr. Helen Yeni-Komshian. In today's podcast, we address four questions from listeners like you: Our marriage lacks intimacy. What can I do? A podcast fan named David explains that his relationship with his wife is no longer intimate; he complains that they only talk about day to day things on a superficial level. David wants to know if he needs to inject some conflict into the relationship to make it more meaningful or exciting. Why is my wife so critical of me? David wants to know why his wife constantly peppers him and batters him with critical questions, and what he can about it. Why is my friend so critical and dogmatic? Rajesh describes a friend who argues endlessly and accuses Rajesh of being irritating. His friend says, "Anyone would be upset when they try to talk to you!" What's up? Why is this happening? Who's really to blame? Adarah feels lonely and tells her husband what he can do to make her feel loved--but it just doesn't seem to work! Why? And what CAN she do to improve her marriage? I think you will enjoy the lively dialogue between Fabrice, Helen and myself and see us struggling and making some mistakes, too, when we try to model more effective responses based on the Five Secrets of Effective Communication! We also stress, once again, the importance of Interpersonal Decision-Making any time you run into a conflict with a friend, colleague, or loved one. For more information on healing troubled relationships, you can read my book, Feeling Good Together, which is available as a paperback on Amazon. In addition, you can listen to our previous podcasts on the Five Secrets of Effective Communication, beginning with Podcast #65 (Enjoy Greater Intimacy) and several of the podcasts that follow.

We have invited Dr. Helen Yeni-Komshian to join Fabrice and me for two consecutive podcasts on questions listeners have asked about troubled relationships. In today's podcast, we address a question from Mary about how to deal with a husband who constantly complains and exaggerates how awful things are at work, in politics, and in the world. But when Mary tries to dismiss his statements in an effort to "keep the peace," it just gets worse. His complaints escalate! This is a common problem and you may have run into it as well. Do you have a friend or family member who loves to complain? And have you noticed that your attempts to help or point out the irrationality of his or her complaints are futile? So what SHOULD you do? What's the secret of dealing with a whiner or a complainer? Is it even possible. Helen and David provide a myriad of information and describe techniques such as Forced Empathy, Interpersonal Decision Making, Changing the Focus, and the Five Secrets of Effective Communication. You'll LOVE this lively dialogue!

David describes research on the relationship between physical pain and negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and anger. Does pain cause depression? Or does depression cause or amplify pain? And what can we do to help patients with physical pain and intense negative emotions? In addition, why do so many individuals struggle with somatic problems, such as physical pain, dizziness, or fatigue, when there is no apparent organic cause for the pain? Is there any hope?

Today we answer six questions submitted by listeners like you: Harald: How can I find the Show Notes for the Feeling Good Podcasts? Kristin: How do you help patients who obsess about past traumatic events, with intrusive thoughts about a cruel ex-lover or bullying by classmates? These thoughts can feed into the idea that their life is miserable and they can't move forward because they feel blocked by these harmful memories. Valentina: How are cognitive distortions, self-defeating beliefs, and feelings of depression transmitted? What you describe in your books seems to describe my mother's behaviors when I was growing up? Could it be that depression is transmitted by the family? Alicia: How would you treat someone with cyclothymic disorder who cycles between euphoria and suicidal depression? He's happy now, so how do I get him to fill out the Daily Mood Log? Kathy: I'm a big fan, and I have a question about "bibliotherapy." What's the best way to use your books and other materials to help yourself? Matthew: Do you ever use drugs in the treatment of depression? Are medications sometimes necessary or helpful?

Suicidal thoughts and urges are very common among depressed patients. The vast majority of depressed individuals have thoughts of suicide from time to time, and some struggle with serious suicidal urges. The experts tell us that 10% to 15% of chronically depressed individuals do eventually commit suicide, even if they are receiving treatment for depression. It is hard for me to believe that suicide is that common, but even if it is only 2% or 3%, that's still very significant, especially if you have a large clinical practice and you treat lots of depressed individuals. Suicide attempts are shocking and devastating for the patient, for the family, and for the therapist as well. The loss of a patient through suicide is the dark side of our profession. The loss of life is a horrible and unnecessary tragedy, since the feelings of hopelessness that trigger suicidal urges are always the result of cognitive distortions; the belief that you are hopeless and cannot improve is never valid. Yet, the depressed patient does not realize this, and sometimes turns to suicide as the only way out of the suffering. Sadly, clinicians' capacity to assess suicidal urges in patients they are treating is very poor, and not significantly different from zero. In this podcast, I describe how you can solve this problem with the use of the EASY Diagnostic System and suicide interview at the initial evaluation, and the use of the Brief Mood Survey at all subsequent sessions, with no exceptions. In this podcast, I focus on two things. First, how can the clinician identify and evaluate a new (or old) patient who is struggling with suicidal thoughts and fantasies and determine if the patient is at risk for a suicide attempt? Second, how can the therapist make the patient accountable and guarantee that the patient will not now, or ever, make a suicide attempt? The "defensive psychotherapy" I recommend will sound unfamiliar to many therapists but can save lives and make your practice far more peaceful and rewarding! The approach to the suicidal patient involves Paradoxical Agenda Setting techniques, including the Gentle Ultimatum and Sitting with Open Hands.

The famed neuroscientist, Dr. Mark Noble, from the University of Rochester, has developed a strong interest in TEAM-CBT and has visited our Tuesday group and Sunday hikes on three occasions this year. I (David) feel very fortunate to have his collaboration and interest! Mark is a Stanford-trained geneticist and molecular biologist who is considered one of founders of the field of stem cell research. He has been developing a model of how TEAM-CBT affects the brain, and graciously agreed to present his model at our Tuesday evening Stanford TEAM-CBT seminar last week. Although his model is not yet fully polished and refined, and involves considerable speculation, it is an exciting first step, kind of like the time when astronomers broke away from the Catholic church and started trying to make sense of the universe. In this instance it is the "inner universe" Dr. Noble, all of us, are trying to understand. His model will evolve and get more and more refined over time. The participants in the seminar really liked his concept that we are doing micro-neurosurgery for depressed patients with TEAM-CBT! He is convinced that the rapid recovery we see with TEAM-CBT will probably never be equaled by medication, since the brain circuits that modulate happiness and unhappiness tend to use the same neurotransmitters. But with language, you can affect brain circuits far more selectively and effectively, almost like a micro-neuro-surgeon. Dr. Noble describes brain function in terms of the SNEFF model. This stands for Structures, Networks, Emotions, Frames and Filters, and links these concepts to the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and sympathetic nervous system. Then he describes the four steps of TEAM (T = Testing, E = Empathy, A = (Paradoxical) Agenda Setting, and M = Methods), and links each step to the SNEFF model, making interesting speculations on how TEAM works and what makes it so effective. Dr. Noble also discusses David's "fractal" theory about psychotherapy and relates that to brain function as well as to the mathematics of complex structures. He describes how and why some people get stuck in the "homeostasis" of chronic, refractory depression and explains why TEAM-CBT is usually able to trigger sudden and dramatic changes in the brain, as well as in the way the depressed and anxious individual thinks, feels, and behaves. He also explains why conventional talk therapy is unlikely to be helpful for individuals struggling with depression and anxiety, and may, in some cases, make the depression worse. This is because neurons that "fire together wire together." In other words, if you go to therapy and complain or emote about your life and your problems over and over, without taking action to change, the circuits in your brain that support complaining and feeling depressed will just get more and more intensely wired together. Dr. Noble also speculates on why Paradoxical Agenda Setting is such an important key in ultra-rapid-recovery and in the sudden transformation of brain function as well. Years ago, when I was kid on vacation in Minnesota, I saw an article in a small newspaper published in a rural area. A local scientist had speculated that one day we would have guided missiles and satellites and drew a simple diagram for the newspaper of how they would work. At the time it seemed a bit like science fiction, and I wondered if an unknown scientist from a small rural Minnesota town could actually predict a major scientific development. But now we see that he was right. Will we someday think about Dr. Noble in the same way? Listen to this exciting podcast, and you can decide for yourself!

Lisa Nicole Bell is the host of the highly regarded podcast, Behind the Brilliance. In this lively interview, Nicole and David talk about David's path into the mental health field the difficulties and rejections David faced getting his first book, Feeling Good, published David's advice to listeners interested in therapy how he approaches perfectionism, depression, and anxiety with patients the joys of a life free from the need to be special— and much more! Lisa's show delivers a smart and funny take on pursuing ambitions, designing a life, and living joyfully. Lisa's most recent media work includes producing an Australian documentary on identity and gender politics within sports and a digital docu-series produced by Academy Award-winning actress Viola Davis.

David and Jill do M = Methods, and show Lee how to respond to his wife more skillfully, using the Five Secrets of Effective Communication (link). Like everyone who is trying to learn the Five Secrets, Lee struggles with several blind spots: "I Feel" Statements. Lee has tremendous difficulties sharing his feelings openly, in a respectful manner. He seems indoctrinated with the cultural idea that men should not be vulnerable and express feelings. Lee makes the common error of "problem solving" instead of asking his wife to share more of her feelings. Lee makes another common error of apologizing and using the trite phrase "I'm sorry" instead of encouraging his wife to open up. David discusses the different between dysfunctional and effective apologies. David and Jill do lots of role-play practice with Lee and give him a homework assignment. T = Testing. After the session is over, Lee completes the Brief Mood Survey again. His scores indicated that his feelings of anxiety and anger have completely disappeared, and he also has a perfect score Positive Feelings Survey and the Relationship Satisfaction Scale. He also gave David and Jill perfect scores on the Empathy and Helpfulness scales and wrote what he liked the best about the session: "My epiphany came at the moment I realized I had been afraid of emasculating myself and realizing that my vision of what a "man" should be was completely inaccurate." At the end, Jill reads an emotional email from Lee describing how he relapsed and started arguing with his wife, and then remember to empathize use the Five Secrets instead, with an amazing result!

David and Jill do A = (Paradoxical) Agenda Setting with Lee, starting with the Invitation: Jill asks Lee if he wants help with the relationship conflict, and if this would be a good time to roll up our sleeves and get to work. Lee indicates that he does want help. They review the first two steps of his Relationship Journal, where Lee had recorded one specific thing his wife said to him, and exactly what he said next. Here's what he wrote down: Step 1 – She said: Write down exactly what the other person said. Be brief: I was trying to convince my 18-month-old daughter to put her pajamas on. I was calm. Eventually, I raised my voice an octave or two and in a stern voice I told my daughter to put her pajamas on. Afterwards, Liza said, "I don't think you need to use that tone with a small child." Step 2 – I said: Write down exactly what you said next. Be brief: I said, "I don't think there was anything wrong with what I did. You can be stern without losing your shit*. There are times when she needs to know I am serious and not messing about anymore." It then devolved into a debate over a clash of values on how to raise our daughter. * Transcribed as-is from Lee's Relationship Journal. Lee also circled all the emotions he thought she was having, along with all of the emotions he was having. He thought she was feeling: Sad and unhappy Anxious and worried Rejected and alone Discouraged, pessimistic, and despairing Frustrated and stuck Angry, annoyed, irritated and upset Other feelings: troubled, defensive, dismayed, downhearted, and disconnected Here's how he was feeling: Unhappy Anxious and worried Guilty, remorseful, bad and ashamed Inferior, inadequate, defective and incompetent Embarrassed, foolish and self-conscious Hopeless, discouraged and despairing Frustrated Angry, mad, resentful, annoyed, irritated, upset and furious Other feelings: hostile, loud, critical, agitated, defensive, stubborn, exasperated, sarcastic, powerless, diminished, low, resistant, confused, judgmental, vulnerable, inept Step 3. Good vs. Bad Communication. When David and Jill ask Lee to examine his response to his wife, he had to admit that his response in Step 2 had all the characteristics of bad communication—he did not acknowledge any of her feelings, he did not share his own, and he did not convey love and respect. This was disturbing and surprising to Lee. Step 4. Consequences. When David and Jill asked Lee to examine the impact of what he said to his wife, they suddenly ran into a wall of resistance, which is almost universal in relationship work. The Relationship Journal is an incredibly powerful tool, and it can be extremely painful because you have to stop blaming the other person and examine your own role in the relationship. Lee suddenly and painfully discovered the answer to his question of why his wife was so controlling and critical of him—it was NOT because of the influence of her mother, but rather because he was forcing her to treat him like that almost every time he interacted with her. This insight cannot be denied when you do the Relationship Journal, and it's potentially incredibly empowering, but it can be incredibly painful at the same time. You will also hear a masterful and paradoxical response by Dr. Levitt when Lee resists—and as a result, his resistance suddenly disappears, and he jumps on board!

For the past couple months, Fabrice has asked me to set up a live therapy session to illustrate how to treat troubled relationships using TEAM-CBT. I was fortunate to get an email request from a colleague named Lee who wanted help with his marriage. He explained that his wife was very controlling and critical of him and attributed this to the fact that she had a controlling mother. This is very typical in troubled relationships, most of us are convinced that the problem is the other person's fault. Of course, Lee told us that his wife, in turn, blames back and feels that Lee is the one who needs to change. Lee initially thought we'd do couples therapy, but in TEAM-CBT we actually prefer to treat just one person in a troubled relationship. Two weeks ago, Jill and I sat down with Lee on a Saturday morning, linking to each other on the internet since he lives abroad, for a three-hour treatment session. The session has been broken down into three separate podcasts plus commentary from Fabrice, Jill and David on each of the three segments. By way of disclaimers, Lee is a colleague who does coaching for individuals with alcohol addiction problems. We are not entering into a formal treatment relationship with Lee. Instead, he has offered to help us illustrate a therapy technique, using a real person problem, as part of his training and personal growth. We are deeply grateful to Lee for letting us share his intensely personal "session" with you! Today, you will hear the first segment on T = Testing and E = Empathy. Lee will tell his story. Jill and I will listen without trying to "help" or "rescue" Lee. On the Brief Mood Survey, he indicated no depression or suicidal urges. He was mildly anxious and slightly angry. His Positive Feelings Survey indicated that he was quite happy except in two areas: He felt only moderately close to people and only slightly connected to others. You will also hear him say that he felt like one of the loneliest people we would ever meet toward the end of the empathy phase of the session.

How to select the techniques that will be most helpful for various kinds of problems, and how to individualize the treatment for each patient.

For a long time, Fabrice has wanted to do a show on my list of "Fifty Ways to Untwist Your Thinking" called "Fifty Ways in Fifty Minutes." So we finally did it, and it was fun! If I'm helping you overcome depression or anxiety, I'll ask you to fill out a Daily Mood Log, so you can list your negative thoughts and feelings at some specific moment when you were upset. You may be thinking, "I'm a failure," or "I should not have made that mistake," or "I'm unlovable." Your negative thoughts will nearly always be distorted, but you'll still believe them, and that's why you're feeling depressed and anxious. And the moment you discover that your negative thoughts aren't true, you'll immediately feel better. But that's not going to be easy, because you've probably been giving yourself the same negative messages for years, or even decades. And friends and family members, and even your therapist, may have been trying, unsuccessfully, to talk you out of them. That's why I've developed more than fifty methods to help you crush the negative thoughts at the heart of your suffering. So today, you'll take a look at the landscape!

For a long time, Fabrice has wanted to do a show on my list of "Fifty Ways to Untwist Your Thinking" called "Fifty Ways in Fifty Minutes." So we finally did it, and it was fun! If I'm helping you overcome depression or anxiety, I'll ask you to fill out a Daily Mood Log, so you can list your negative thoughts and feelings at some specific moment when you were upset. You may be thinking, "I'm a failure," or "I should not have made that mistake," or "I'm unlovable." Your negative thoughts will nearly always be distorted, but you'll still believe them, and that's why you're feeling depressed and anxious. And the moment you discover that your negative thoughts aren't true, you'll immediately feel better. But that's not going to be easy, because you've probably been giving yourself the same negative messages for years, or even decades. And friends and family members, and even your therapist, may have been trying, unsuccessfully, to talk you out of them. That's why I've developed more than fifty methods to help you crush the negative thoughts at the heart of your suffering. So today, you'll take a look at the landscape!

I recently did the first of three interviews with Stephanie James on her superb radio show and podcast, The Spark. Here's how Stephanie described the interview (with minor changes): We have amazing power within us to change our thoughts, our feelings, our actions, and our lives. This episode is an inspirational way to take control of your automatic negative thoughts today and transform them in order to create a more joyful present and a more fulling future. Join us as we talk with the legendary Dr. David Burns about how we can break through the old thinking habits that bind us and begin to live a more happy, harmonious life where we can feel good now. Stephanie is a superb therapist and dynamic radio personality from Colorado. It was an honor to be on her show. She is co-authoring a book on how to live a "spark-filled life." It should be completed soon, so you'll likely be hearing from Stephanie a lot next year! Following the interview, Stephanie visited my Tuesday training group at Stanford and participated in one of our Feeling Good Podcasts with some students in the group. She suggested we might want to broadcast the Tuesday group live so that therapists from all over the world could join us. We are thinking about that, but will have to check with the powers that be to see if we could get permission to broadcast from Stanford, as well as our Tuesday group members who may have mixed feelings, due to the intensely personal nature of the training. Let me know what you think about this idea! My second interview with Stephanie was on the evolution of traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) into the new TEAM-CBT. Fabrice and I will publish it for you shortly. My third interview with Stephanie will be on the interpersonal TEAM model—how to convert conflicted relationships into loving, rewarding ones.

I had a magical fantasies of what would happen once I was an "author." The reality was quite the opposite and quite painful, with almost endless rejections accompanied by feelings of self-pity and defeat. For example, soon after publication, I learned my book was at the top of my publisher's "loser list." Then I discovered that magazines, newspapers, and TV and radio shows had no interest in it whatsoever. I hope you enjoy the story. It's all about the celebration of failure and the conversion of failure into success.

I was recently interviewed by author, professor, and documentary filmmaker Roy Germano for his outstanding Other Side Podcast. Fabrice and I thought you might enjoy this interview, and Roy graciously gave us permission to share it with you. You will get some personal glimpses into the early days of my career, including why I left academics to pursue a full-time private practice, along with some of controversies about antidepressants. You will also hear a story of what happened when I was trying, rather unsuccessfully, to get my first book, Feeling Good, published. It wasn't easy, and it almost didn't happen! Roy is terrific and his podcasts cover a wide range of topics. You can find his podcasts on iTunes.

David and Fabrice answer five intriguing questions submitted by listeners: Joshua: How can I cope with panic attacks during job interviews? Dan: I feel traumatized by criticisms from my boss at work. what can I do? Susan: How fast can you taper off of anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants? Ross: What if a patient who's been the victim of trauma or abuse asks for a male therapist? Isn't this a form of avoidance? Should patients be matched to therapists based on gender? Isn't it best to avoid the situations that trigger you? Sumit: I think I have "endogenous depression." Can TEAM-CBT help me? Or will I have to rely on medications? What is endogenous depression? If you have a question, make sure you email david and we will try to answer your question on an upcoming Ask David Podcast!