The IR thinker

This episode of The IR thinker examines the European Union’s role in Afghanistan with Dr Oz Hassan, focusing on the adoption and limitations of the Bonn Model, the tension between ambitious democratisation goals and basic security needs, and the EU’s assumptions about Afghanistan as a post conflict state. The conversation also considers corruption and aid management, engagement with Afghanistan’s neighbours, and what this experience reveals about the EU’s capacity to support political order and governance in fragile contexts.Oz HassanOz Hassan is Reader in National Security in the Politics and International Studies Department at the University of Warwick. His research centres on transatlantic relations with the Greater Middle East, and he is the author of the European Parliament’s Committee on Foreign Affairs study Afghanistan: Lessons learnt from 20 years of supporting democracy, development and security, the EU’s only official lessons learned report on Afghanistan, which sets out thirty two recommendations to guide future parliamentary resolutions and European Commission policy.Publications:The rise and fall of American’s freedom agenda in Afghanistan: counter-terrorism, nation-building and democracyPolitical security: from the 1990s to the Arab SpringUndermining the transatlantic democracy agenda? The Arab Spring and Saudi Arabia’s counteracting democracy strategyTrump, Islamophobia and US–Middle East relationsThe evolution of the European Union’s failed approach to AfghanistanWhy the European Union failed in Afghanistan: Transatlantic relations and the return of the TalibanContent00:00 - Introduction02:06 - EU’s Misjudgement of Afghanistan’s Political and Social Complexities Through the ‘Bonn Model’05:07 - Why the ‘Bonn Model’ Was Selected08:26 - EU’s Focus on Democratisation Over Security in Afghanistan12:01 - Afghanistan as a Post-Conflict Territory: A Flawed Assumption14:47 - Unity Among EU Member States in Afghan Policy19:00 - EU’s Strategic Interests in Afghanistan23:19 - EU’s Historical Experience with Imposing Governance in Afghanistan29:32 - EU’s Approach to Establishing Political Order in Afghanistan36:52 - Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund vs Corruption Challenges42:55 - EU’s Engagement with Afghanistan’s Neighbouring Countries46:59 - Narcotics and Drug Trade in Afghanistan50:10 - Complexities of Cross-Border Emigration from Afghanistan52:35 - Reactions from Russia, China, and the Caucasus57:56 - Key Lessons for the EU from Afghanistan Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the evolving dynamics of inter-Korean relations with Professor Yangmo Ku, focusing on North Korea’s designation of South Korea as its “primary foe”, the implications of Pyongyang’s nuclear and conventional build-up, and Seoul’s strategic options in response. The discussion situates the Korean Peninsula within a wider regional context, examining North Korea’s growing cooperation with Russia, China’s dilemmas, ASEAN’s stance, NATO’s role in the Indo-Pacific, and the deepening of Japan–South Korea security cooperation.Yangmo KuYangmo Ku is Chair of the History and Political Science Department and Associate Professor of Political Science at Norwich University in the United States, where he also serves as Associate Director of the Peace and War Center and Editor of the Journal of Peace and War Studies. His research focuses on North and South Korean politics, East Asian security, United States foreign policy and the politics of memory and reconciliation in East Asia and Europe, and he is co-author of Politics in North and South Korea: Political Development, Economy, and Foreign Relations.Publications:Analyzing Security Conditions Surrounding the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, 2019-2024A Treasured Sword of Justice? Explaining the Key Reasons behind North Korea’s Nuclear Development and US Policy ImplicationsContent00:00 - Introduction02:16 - Impact of North Korea Severing Land Connections with South Korea10:01 - North Korea’s Shift to Viewing South Korea as its “Primary Foe”14:15 - Interest in North Korea Amongst South Korean Youth16:59 - Role of the DMZ, Provocations, and the UN Command22:32 - South Korea’s Response to North Korea’s Arms Build-up26:17 - Impact of South Korea Acquiring Nuclear Weapons29:57 - Cooperation Between North Korea and Russia36:16 - South Korea’s Strategy for North Korea’s Nuclear Threat39:33 - Implications of North Korean Nuclear Weapons for China42:18 - ASEAN’s Position on the Korean Peninsula44:32 - North and South Korean Perspectives on NATO’s Role in the Indo-Pacific49:02 - Japan-South Korea Security Cooperation in Response to North Korea52:10 - Key Influences on North Korean Leadership56:35 - Can Putin or Xi Mitigate North Korea’s Aggressive Narratives and Policies?01:00:12 - Russia-China-North Korea Triangle: Future Security OutlookAt 36:07, there is a two-second audio omission due to some unknown Internet issues. Professor Ku talks about the second option for South Korea, developing its own nuclear weapons. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the evolving partnership between India and Japan in the Indo-Pacific with Dr Srabani Roy Choudhury, focusing on how India’s SAGAR vision and Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific concept complement one another in strategic and normative terms. The discussion explores defence cooperation, Taiwan’s growing salience, Japan’s changing defence posture, the role of the United States, and joint efforts on critical minerals, supply chains and energy cooperation as the two countries navigate an increasingly contested regional order.Srabani Roy ChoundhuryDr Srabani Roy Choudhury is Professor of Japanese Studies at the Centre for East Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. Her research focuses on Japan’s foreign and security policy, Indo–Japanese relations and the politics of the Indo-Pacific, and in 2024 she received the Commendation for Promotion of Japanese Studies from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.Publications:The Indo-Pacific Theatre: Strategic Visions and FrameworksJapan and its Partners in the Indo-Pacific: Engagements and AlignmentIndia-Japan Partnership: Abe the Game ChangerIndia, Japan and Beyond: Human Security, Environment, Development, Innovation and ResilienceContent00:00 - Introduction02:27 - Complementary Visions: India’s SAGAR and Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)09:39 - Reception of India’s SAGAR Initiative in Japan12:11 - SAGAR: A Fixed Strategy or an Evolving Concept?13:21 - Impact of Japan’s Increased Defence Spending on India-Japan Relations in the Indo-Pacific19:04 - Reciprocal Provision of Supplies and Services Agreement (RPSS) Between India and Japan21:54 - The Role of Taiwan in Shaping India-Japan Relations27:27 - Comparing the Postures of Abe, Kishida, and Ishiba Towards India36:41 - Ishiba’s Controversial Statement on an ‘Asian NATO’39:36 - The Role of the USA in India-Japan Relations44:17 - Japan’s Recognition of Arunachal Pradesh and Its Strategic Implications Against China48:39 - India’s Limited Engagement in Minilateral Initiatives with Like-Minded Nations51:54 - Strengthening India-Japan Collaboration in Securing Critical Minerals and Supply Chains Through SCRI54:29 - Energy Cooperation Between India and Japan57:28 - The Future of India-Japan Relations Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the shifting contours of Australia–China relations with Philipp Ivanov, examining how Canberra navigates security concerns, economic interdependence and alliance commitments in an increasingly competitive Indo-Pacific. The conversation considers the impact of AUKUS and the Quad, China’s reaction to these partnerships, the role of the Belt and Road Initiative, and the evolving links in trade, higher education and energy between the two countries.Philipp IvanovPhilipp Ivanov is a public policy leader and China specialist with extensive executive experience across government, universities and think tanks in Australia, the United States, China, Asia and Russia. He is the founder of the Geopolitical Risks and Strategy Practice (GRASP) and a Visiting Scholar at the Centre for Australian, New Zealand and Pacific Studies at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service.Publications:Australian CEOs face a wave of geopolitical risksTogether and Apart: The Conundrum of the China-Russia PartnershipA Second Chance: How Team Australia can Succeed in AsiaDisruptive Asia: 5-volume essay series on the impact of Asia’s rise on AustraliaRussia has also become a lot more important to ChinaWhat Lies in Wait for Xi and Putin in the Year of the Dragon?Can Russia Get Used to Being China’s Little Brother?Content00:00 - Introduction01:38 - Current Diplomatic Landscape: Australia and China05:14 - Domestic Consensus: Australia’s Internal Views on China09:54 - Shifting Alliances: The Impact of Quad and AUKUS on Australia’s Strategy14:28 - China’s Perspective: Reactions to Australia’s Security Partnerships17:42 - The Belt and Road Initiative: Implications for China-Australia Relations23:26 - Australia’s Strategic Response to the Belt and Road Initiative29:02 - The U.S. Factor: American Influence on Australia-China Relations35:12 - Trade Dynamics: Australia’s Economic Dependence on China43:30 - Education and Espionage: Chinese Influence in Australian Academia50:39 - Multilateral vs. Bilateral: Australia-China Engagement in the Indo-Pacific56:16 - Energy Ties: The Australia-China Energy Relationship Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores political meritocracy and meritocratic democracy with Assistant Professor Elena Ziliotti, examining how ideas drawn from Confucian and Western political theories can inform debates on leadership selection, voter competence and democratic equality. The conversation considers the claimed epistemic advantages of meritocratic arrangements, their vulnerabilities to manipulation and elitism, and the prospects for combining meritocratic insights with democratic institutions in diverse political contexts.Elena ZiliottiElena Ziliotti is a tenured Assistant Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. Her research focuses on political meritocracy, Confucian and liberal democratic thought, and the normative assessment of institutional designs that aim to promote good governance and public spirited leadership.Publications:Meritocratic Democracy: A Cross-Cultural Political TheoryBreaking the Mold: Normative Hybridity as the Key to Contemporary “Non-Western” Political TheorizingAn epistemic case for confucian democracyQuestions for Hierarchical ConfucianismPolitical meritocracy and the troubles of Western democraciesContent00:00 - Introduction01:51 - Meritocratic Democracy vs. Traditional Governance05:51 - East vs. West: Understanding Meritocracy07:17 - Epistemic Superiority of Democratic Rule10:04 - Defining Public-Spirited Political Leaders14:09 - Addressing Voter Manipulation Concerns19:12 - Weaknesses of Political Meritocracy: A Confucian View25:15 - Political Parties in a Cross-Cultural Context27:53 - Democratic Institutions vs. Meritocratic Governance31:55 - The Role of Partisan Juries in Candidate Selection39:00 - Balancing Meritocracy and Democratic Equality40:44 - Singapore and China45:17 - Benefits of Confucian Insights for Western Democracy49:35 - Bridging Western and Confucian Political Theories52:26 - Influence of Eastern and Western Thought on Elena’s Research55:26 - Goals for Meritocratic Democracy in Diverse Contexts Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the evolving politics of the Kurds with Dr Marianna Charountaki, from the impact of the 2003 US invasion on the Kurdistan Regional Government and the fallout of the 2017 independence referendum to relations with Türkiye, Baghdad and external powers such as Russia. The conversation explores global perceptions of the Kurds, their role in counter-terrorism and the Syrian conflict, and their continuing struggle for recognition, rights and a viable political future.Marianna CharountakiDr Marianna Charountaki is Senior Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Lincoln in the United Kingdom. Her research focuses on international relations theory, foreign policy analysis and Middle East area studies, with particular attention to Kurdish politics and the foreign policies of regional and external powers in the region.Publications:The Kurds and US Foreign Policy: International Relations in the Middle East since 1945Kurdish policies in Syria under the Arab Uprisings: a revisiting of IR in the new Middle Eastern orderThe GCC in Kurdish PoliticsFrom resistance to military institutionalisation: the case of the peshmerga versus the Islamic StateIran and Turkey: International and Regional Engagement in the Middle EastState and non-state interactions in International Relations: an alternative theoretical outlookNon-state actors and change in foreign policy: the case of a self-determination referendum in the Kurdistan Region of IraqMapping Non-State Actors in International RelationsContent00:00 – Introduction02:19 – Impact of the 2003 U.S. Invasion on the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG)06:02 – Global Perceptions of the Kurds08:29 – Türkiye’s Response to the PKK12:25 – Current Relations Between Türkiye and the KRG18:15 – Effects of the 2017 Kurdish Independence Referendum25:49 – The Kurds’ Role in Fighting Terrorism and Western Relations38:32 – KRG-Baghdad Relations on Oil Exports to Türkiye46:51 – Russia’s Relations with the Kurds54:38 – Human Rights and Crackdowns on Kurdish Political Parties01:00:04 – The Kurds’ Role in the Syrian Conflict01:08:51 – Future Political Goals Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines Romania’s energy security and its strategic role in the Black Sea region with Roxana Caliminte, focusing on how offshore resources, regional tensions and EU climate goals intersect. The discussion explores Romania’s Black Sea energy strategy, relations with neighbours such as Bulgaria and Turkey, investment and infrastructure challenges, and the trade-offs between economic gains, environmental protection and long-term sustainability.Roxana CaliminteRoxana Caliminte served as Deputy Secretary General of Gas Infrastructure Europe from 2017 to 2024, having previously worked for Romania’s gas transmission operator Transgaz on relations with EU institutions and government bodies. She has also been an adviser on international relations and economic affairs in the Romanian Parliament, is a visiting lecturer at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, and has been recognised by Consultancy Intelligence Publishing as one of the Top 30 Female Energy Market Analysts globally.Content00:00 - Introduction01:52 - Romania’s Black Sea Energy Strategy: Current Vision and Goals04:25 - Strengthening Romania’s Energy Security06:50 - Impact of the Ukraine Conflict on Romania’s Energy Security08:14 - Balancing Energy Opportunities and Russian Interests in the Black Sea10:09 - Diplomatic Relations with Bulgaria and Turkey in the Context of Energy11:19 - Joint Energy Initiatives with Bulgaria and Turkey12:08 - Romania’s Role in the EU’s Energy Security and Diversification15:09 - Attracting Foreign Investment: Regulatory and Policy Challenges16:43 - Economic Gains vs Sustainability in Exploiting Black Sea Energy18:40 - Public Opinion on Black Sea Energy Projects and the Energy Transition20:57 - Consequences of Failing to Capitalise on Black Sea Energy Resources22:21 - Key Theoretical Factors for Potential Failure in Romania’s Energy Projects23:44 - Technological Innovations Required for Deepwater Extraction in the Black Sea25:23 - Infrastructure Upgrades Needed for Monetising Black Sea Energy Resources27:42 - International Interest in Developing Black Sea Energy Projects28:41 - Skilled Labour Requirements for Romania’s Energy Sector30:06 - Balancing Environmental Protection and Energy Exploitation33:13 - Impact of Energy Projects on Romania’s Fisheries and Tourism Sectors35:06 - Meeting EU Energy and Climate Goals Through Black Sea Resources38:13 - Government and Opposition Perspectives on Romania’s Energy Transition40:37 - Potential Research Areas in Romania’s Energy Strategy and Policy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker traces the evolution of arms control from its Cold War origins to today’s challenges of governing rapidly advancing weapons technologies, in conversation with Dr Andrew Reddie. The discussion examines what makes arms control treaties work in practice, how non state actors and rising powers shape regimes, the implications of cases such as New START and the INF Treaty, and emerging ideas for regulating new nuclear and high tech weapons.Andrew ReddieDr Andrew Reddie is Associate Research Professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and Founder of the Berkeley Risk and Security Lab. His research sits at the intersection of technology, politics and security, focusing on how innovations in nuclear weapons, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence are reshaping international order and the governance of strategic weapons.Publications:Economic Statecraft in the 21st Century: Implications for the Future of the Global Trade RegimeEvidence of the unthinkable: Experimental wargaming at the nuclear thresholdArms Control Workshop: Summary19 Sanctions in an Era of Strategic Competition Get access ArrowContent00:00 - Introduction02:16 - Evolution of Arms Control: From the Cold War to Technological Governance05:32 - Weapons Under Current Arms Control Regimes07:30 - Key Factors in Successful Treaty Implementation and Contemporary Challenges11:09 - The Impact of Non-State Actors and Non-Superpowers on Arms Control14:46 - Global Oversight and Supervision of Arms Control Regimes17:23 - Verification Processes in Arms Control19:52 - Identifying Loopholes in the Verification Processes24:01 - The Implications of New START and INF Treaties on Modern Arms Control27:44 - Contemporary Fears of a Renewed Arms Race32:14 - The Unique Case of the USA as the Only User of Nuclear Weapons33:05 - Enriched Uranium Weapons: A Closer Look34:50 - China’s Approach to Arms Control37:21 - Sino-Russian Consultations on Arms Control38:38 - India and Pakistan: Approaches to Arms Control39:13 - Iran and Israel: Divergent Approaches to Arms Control41:07 - The United Kingdom and France’s Role in Arms Control42:51 - Potential New Nuclear Weapon States: Candidates and Risks47:39 - Innovative Approaches and Ideas for Strengthening Arms Control50:03 - Incentives for States to Abandon Nuclear Weapons51:15 - Governance of Nuclear Weapons: Current Frameworks and Future Directions53:54 - Emerging Weapon Technologies and the Need for New Arms Control Regimes56:31 - Prospective Areas for Future Research in Arms Control Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker revisits the making and unmaking of the 2004 EU Constitutional Treaty with Professor Paul Craig, tracing the work of the Convention on the Future of Europe, the politics of drafting and ratification, and the reasons why the project ultimately failed. The discussion also addresses whether the European Union needs a constitution at all, what form such a document might take, and how the constitutional question continues to shape debates on European integration today.Paul CraigPaul Craig is a British legal scholar specialising in administrative and European Union law. He served as Professor of English Law at the University of Oxford from 1998 to 2019, is now Emeritus Professor, and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1998.Publications:EU Membership: Formal and Substantive DimensionsThe Evolution of EU Law (3rd edn)EU Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (8th edn)Content00:00 - Introduction02:32 - The Role of the Convention on the Future of Europe13:46 - The Emergence of the 2004 Constitutional Treaty27:34 - Reaching Consensus on the EU Constitution30:41 - Influence of External Actors on the Convention33:28 - Reasons Behind the Failure of the EU Constitutional Treaty51:09 - Was the EU Constitution Intended to Supersede National Constitutions?57:56 - Does the EU Need a Constitution?01:04:22 - Areas for Further Research on the EU Constitutional Question Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the evolving practice of European diplomacy with Professor Iver B. Neumann, focusing on how the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, as well as internal EU divisions, reshape diplomatic resources, priorities and strategies. The conversation examines the role and competences of the European External Action Service, debates over strengthening EU diplomacy, the influence of public opinion and media, and how different theoretical traditions inform contemporary diplomatic practice and its perceived Eurocentrism.Iver B. NeumannProfessor Iver B. Neumann is a Norwegian political scientist and social anthropologist and Director of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Oslo. A former Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics, he has also held senior positions at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs and teaches International Relations at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. His research focuses on how polities relate to one another across time and space, drawing on continental social theory and empirical work on Russian and Norwegian foreign policy and, increasingly, archaeology.Publications:Diplomaten som helt: Fridtjof NansenReturning Practice to the Linguistic Turn: The Case of DiplomacyAt Home with the Diplomats: Inside a European Foreign MinistryDiplomatic tenses: A social evolutionary perspective on diplomacyContent00:00 - Introduction02:36 - Impact of the Israeli-Gaza Conflict and the War in Ukraine on European Diplomatic Resources09:31 - Assessment of European Diplomatic Evolution12:38 - Internal Divisions within European Diplomacy18:04 - Competences of the European External Action Service (EEAS)20:01 - Debate on Strengthening the EEAS24:46 - Public Opinion and Its Influence on European Diplomacy28:50 - Role of Media in Shaping Diplomatic Discourse33:44 - European Diplomacy and Its Engagement with the Middle East35:09 - EU Diplomacy and the Recognition of a Palestinian State37:23 - Critiques of EU Diplomacy from Non-European Nations39:32 - Diplomacy as Practice vs. Diplomacy as Foreign Policy42:40 - Diplomacy and Theoretical Frameworks50:28 - Influence of Realist, Liberal, and Constructivist Paradigms on Diplomacy53:06 - Is Diplomacy a Eurocentric Notion? Myth or Reality?57:08 - Prominent Schools of Diplomacy58:36 - Distinctive Features of Norwegian Diplomacy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the evolving landscape of cybersecurity and its implications for the United Kingdom’s national security with Dr Gareth Mott. The conversation explores borders and sovereignty in cyberspace, key threats facing the UK, the role of public and private actors in defence, international cooperation, and the tension between effective security and the protection of citizens’ privacy.Gareth MottDr Gareth Mott is a Research Fellow in the Cyber team at the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (RUSI). His research focuses on the governance of cyberspace, the changing cyber risk environment and the strategic development of cybersecurity at both national and organisational levels, with particular interest in the challenges and opportunities posed by peer to peer technologies.Publications:Constructing the Cyberterrorist: Critical Reflections on the UK CaseContent00:00 - Introduction01:52 - Exploring the Concept of Borders in Cyberspace06:40 - Sovereignty and the Fragmentation of the Internet13:06 - Cyber Threats Facing the United Kingdom24:31 - Protecting the UK from Cyber Attacks: State and Private Sector Roles26:56 - Key Institutions Managing UK Cybersecurity30:33 - Overview of the UK Cyber Security Strategy33:49 - Applying Traditional Deterrence Theory in Cyberspace39:33 - The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Cybersecurity40:34 - UK’s Capabilities in Detecting and Responding to Emerging Cyber Threats44:35 - International Cooperation in Cyberspace Security46:04 - The Existence and Role of Cyber Law Enforcement47:47 - Cybersecurity Education in the UK: Quality and Focus50:54 - Balancing Cybersecurity with Citizens’ Privacy53:42 - Identifying Research Gaps in Cybersecurity Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores Professor Timo Kivimäki’s notion of a “Long Peace” in East Asia, examining its historical roots, the role of non-interference, developmentalism and economic interdependence, and the distinct diplomatic practices that underpin regional stability. The conversation also addresses key criticisms, current security threats, and what Western policy-makers and scholars might learn from East Asian approaches to peacekeeping and order-building.Timo KivimäkiProfessor Timo Kivimäki is a leading scholar of International Relations, currently Professor at the University of Bath and Senior Non-Resident Fellow at the Sejong Institute in Seoul. He has previously held professorships at the Universities of Helsinki, Lapland and Copenhagen, and directed both the Nordic Institute of Asian Studies and the Institute of Development Studies in Helsinki, contributing extensively to peace research and the study of East Asian international relations.Publications:Protecting the Global Civilian from ViolenceThe Failure to Protect: The Path to and Consequences of Humanitarian InterventionismThe Long Peace of ASEANPower, contribution and dependence in NATO burden sharingContent00:00 - Introduction02:15 - Inspiration for Studying Peace in the East Asia Region03:42 - Challenges Faced in Researching East Asia05:19 - Defining the Long Peace of East Asia07:06 - Differentiating the Long Peace from Other Peace Periods in the Region08:22 - The Principle of Non-Interference11:15 - Origins of the Non-Interference Concept in East Asia12:57 - Criticism: Non-Interference and the Perpetuation of Authoritarian Violence17:44 - The Concept of Developmentalism19:07 - China and ASEAN’s Role in East Asian Peace21:25 - Face-Saving Strategies in Diplomacy25:27 - Economic Interdependence in East Asia27:42 - Exploring Other Forms of Interdependence28:57 - Weaknesses in the Long Peace of East Asia Theory31:36 - Balancing Non-Interference with Humanitarian Intervention in East Asia34:22 - Diverse Regimes and the Notion of Democratisation in East Asia39:36 - Lessons the West Can Learn from East Asian Peacekeeping43:36 - Multipolarity vs. the Current West-Led International Order46:51 - Explaining Current Security Threats in East Asia52:33 - Potential Research Gaps in East Asian Peace Studies54:43 - Diversity of Researchers in Peace Studies Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores Professor Chandran Kukathas’s Theory of Diversity and Freedom and its implications for state sovereignty, multiculturalism and democratic governance. The conversation examines how his liberal–pluralist approach reframes debates on citizenship, tolerance, migration and state intervention, offering an alternative vision of how diverse societies might be organised and governed.Chandran KukathasProfessor Chandran Kukathas is Lee Kong Chian Chair Professor of Political Science at Singapore Management University and a leading political theorist of liberalism, multiculturalism and freedom. Formerly Head of the Department of Government at the London School of Economics, he has also held chairs and teaching positions at the University of Utah, the University of New South Wales, Oxford University and the Australian National University. He is widely known for his work on Hayek’s political philosophy and for his recent book A Theory of Diversity and Freedom, which develops a distinctive account of liberal pluralism and the minimal state.Publications:Hayek and Modern LiberalismRawls ‘A Theory of Justice’ and Its CriticsLiberalism and Multiculturalism: The Politics of IndifferenceResponsibility for Past Injustice: How to Shift the BurdenContent00:00 - Introduction02:10 - Inspiration Behind Professor Chandran Kukathas’ Theory of Diversity and Freedom04:49 - Key Characteristics of the Theory of Diversity and Freedom09:58 - The Theory’s Position within International Relations Theories12:12 - Perspectives on State Sovereignty16:16 - Concept of the Minimum State19:55 - The Theory’s Relationship with Democratic Governance: Challenge or Complement?27:22 - Implications for Multiculturalism33:52 - Examination of Universal Values37:30 - Freedom of Association vs. Citizenship44:45 - Perspectives on Migration52:45 - Understanding Tolerance within the Theory58:07 - Role of State Interventions Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines why some individuals in Central Asia become vulnerable to terrorist recruitment, as Noah Tucker unpacks the role of grievance, identity, social networks and opportunity structures in shaping susceptibility. The conversation explores recruiters’ tactics and communication channels, what happens after recruitment, and how effective awareness campaigns and local initiatives have been in countering violent extremism in the region.Noah TuckerNoah Tucker is a senior research consultant with the Oxus Society and a programme associate for the Central Asia Program at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. His research focuses on extremist and ethnic violence, religion and identity in Central Asia, informed by extensive fieldwork in Uzbekistan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia. He previously held the Handa Studentship at the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews and co founded a non profit education project in Tashkent, where he served as director from 2002 to 2005.Publications:Foreign Fighters, Returnees and a Resurgent TalibanContent00:00 - Introduction01:57 - Primary Factors Contributing to Susceptibility to Terrorist Recruitment in Central Asia09:08 - Size of Recruitment Groups12:50 - Motivational Factors in Terrorist Recruitment24:03 - Socioeconomic Status as a Vulnerability Factor?29:54 - Communication Channels Utilised by Recruiters39:55 - Post-Recruitment Processes49:37 - Effectiveness of Awareness Counter-Terrorism Campaigns55:57 - Local Campaigns Against Terrorist Recruitment01:01:04 - Adaptation of Recruiters and Counter-Terrorist Measures Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the European Union’s foreign policy through the lens of international relations theory with Professor Knud Erik Jørgensen, exploring the theoretical bases of EU multilateralism, the effects of reduced globalisation and how crises in multilateralism can be understood and managed conceptually. The conversation discusses the role of the European External Action Service, tensions between value based and interest based approaches, and current debates on strategic autonomy, negotiation practices and the ideological narratives that shape EU research.Knud Erik JørgensenKnud Erik Jørgensen is Professor Emeritus of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at Aarhus University. His research focuses on European foreign policy and international relations theory, including the evolution of the European External Action Service and EU diplomacy in a changing global environment. He has written widely on IR theoretical traditions and on how policy paradigms inform the formulation of foreign policy.Publications:War and Peace in European Studies: a Zeitenwende?Realist theories in search of realists: The failure in Europe to advance realist theoryInternational Relations Theory: A New IntroductionContent00:00 - Introduction01:58 - Theoretical Foundations of EU Foreign Policy07:00 - EU Multilateralism in the Context of IR Theory12:27 - Impact of Reduced Globalisation on EU Multilateralism16:14 - Addressing Multilateralism Crises in the EU through IR Theory21:07 - The Role of the European External Action Service: Value-Based vs Interest-Based Approaches38:58 - Strategic Autonomy of the EU and its Theoretical Underpinnings46:23 - Contemporary Debates on EU Strategic Autonomy50:27 - EU Approaches to International Negotiations57:15 - Navigating and Resisting Ideological Narratives in EU Research Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores Critical Terrorism Studies with Professor Lee Jarvis, examining how the field interrogates power relations, knowledge production and ethical responsibility in research on political violence. The conversation contrasts CTS with more traditional approaches, looks at media representations, state practices and technological change, and highlights how CTS can be used to study radicalisation, non state actors and security policy.Lee JarvisLee Jarvis is Professor of International Politics at Loughborough University, England. His research focuses on how security challenges such as terrorism, radicalisation, cyber threats and pandemics are constructed and communicated, with particular attention to counter terrorism politics, critical security studies and social memories of terrorism. He has published widely on these themes and serves as co editor of the journal Critical Studies on Terrorism.Publications:Three waves of critical terrorism studies: agenda-setting, elaboration, problematisationThe Proscription or Listing of Terrorist Organisations: Understanding, Assessment, and International ComparisonsToward a Vernacular Security Studies: Origins, Interlocutors, Contributions, and ChallengesCritical terrorism studies and the far-right: beyond problems and solutions?Content00:00 - Introduction02:08 - Overview of Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) and Its Main Objectives04:18 - Defining ‘Critical’ in Critical Terrorism Studies06:50 - Conceptualising Terrorism in CTS10:05 - Comparison: Traditional Terrorism Studies vs. Critical Terrorism Studies11:38 - Examining the Role of Power in CTS14:10 - Emphasis on Reflexivity in CTS16:57 - Notable Shortcomings and Criticisms of CTS19:20 - Expanding CTS Beyond Western Scholarship21:29 - Focus on Non-State Actors in CTS27:09 - Media Representation of Terrorism in CTS32:26 - Ethical Considerations in CTS Research35:00 - State Practices and Their Impact in CTS39:53 - Balancing Human Rights and National Security in CTS43:41 - The Influence of Technological Developments on CTS48:21 - Embracing an Interdisciplinary Approach in CTS51:48 - Addressing Biases in Traditional Terrorism Studies Through CTS54:02 - CTS Analytical Framework for Studying Radicalisation57:48 - Utilising Prediction Analysis in CTS01:01:00 - Debunking Myths Associated with CTS01:03:23 - Potential Research Areas Using CTS Perspectives Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the United States’ dependence on fossil fuels and its contested path towards a green energy transition with Paul Saunders, focusing on the role of subsidies, regulatory frameworks and partisan politics in shaping policy choices. The discussion explores trends in renewable energy investment, the modernisation of the electricity grid, energy storage, and the continuing significance of nuclear power in balancing fossil fuels and renewables at home and abroad.Paul SaundersPaul Saunders is President of the Center for the National Interest and a member of its board of directors, as well as Senior Advisor at the Energy Innovation Reform Project, where he previously served as President. His expertise spans United States foreign and security policy, energy security and climate change, and relations with Russia, Japan and South Korea; he served as Senior Advisor to the Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs in the George W. Bush administration, with responsibility for transnational issues including energy and climate, and has long experience in congressional and think tank policy advising.Publications:Russia’s Global Energy Role: War, Sanctions, and the Energy TransitionMeet the CRANKs: How China, Russia, Iran and North Korea Align Against AmericaRestoring America’s Nuclear Energy Leadership and ExportsContent00:00 - Introduction02:15 - Dependence on Fossil Fuels in the USA and Green Energy Transition Plans07:52 - Energy Transition as a Topic in the US Presidential Election Campaign10:38 - The Role of Subsidies for Fossil Fuel Industries in Energy Transition13:26 - Trends in Subsidies for Fossil Fuel Industries18:00 - Implications of Fossil Fuel Energy for Other Parts of the World21:42 - Investments in Renewable Energy in the USA26:50 - The Influence of State and Federal Governments on Energy Policies30:39 - US Energy Regulations and Market Reliance37:07 - US Energy Storage Facilities43:40 - Modernisation of the US Electricity Grid for Integrating Fossil Fuels and Renewables48:29 - The Role of Nuclear Energy in Balancing Fossil Fuels and Renewables Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the shifting dynamics of India–China relations with Dr Jagannath Panda, focusing on historical border tensions such as the Galwan Valley clashes, China’s naval expansion in the Indian Ocean and India’s military and diplomatic responses. The conversation also considers India’s alternatives to the Belt and Road Initiative, energy security, diaspora politics, the impact of China–Pakistan ties and the limits of existing scholarship on this pivotal relationship.Jagannath PandaDr Jagannath Panda is a Senior Fellow at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and Head of the Stockholm Centre for South Asian and Indo-Pacific Affairs at the Institute for Security and Development Policy in Sweden, as well as a professor at the University of Warsaw. A leading specialist on Indo-Pacific affairs, his research focuses on India’s relations with major Indo-Pacific powers, EU–India relations and European connectivity and maritime initiatives in the region. He also holds research affiliations in Japan and Australia and serves as Series Editor for Routledge Studies on Think Asia and as a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Asian Public Policy.Publications:Quad Plus and Indo-PacificIndia-Japan-ASEAN TriangularityIndia-China RelationsContent00:00 - Introduction02:08 - Historical Border Disputes of Galwan Valley06:04 - Galwan Valley Negotiations08:52 - Challenges in Concluding Galwan Valley Negotiations11:43 - The Quad Alliance, China and India15:16 - China’s Naval Expansion in the Indian Ocean: Strategic Implications for India18:16 - India’s Naval Modernisation21:46 - India’s Alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative23:45 - Energy Security Challenges between India and China25:49 - Diaspora Politics in India-China Relations27:55 - Impact of Pakistan-China Relations on India30:30 - Limitations of Western Scholars’ Understanding of India-China Relations Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores United States–China energy relations through the lens of the solar industry, examining how Chinese energy exports, tariffs and technological advances intersect with United States energy security and the global energy transition. The discussion with Quill Robinson considers environmental concerns around imported technologies, the role of international institutions and energy diplomacy, and emerging research agendas in this evolving field.Quill RobinsonQuill Robinson is a senior programme manager and associate fellow with the Energy Security and Climate Change Programme at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, and a senior adviser with ConservAmerica. He previously served as vice president of government affairs at the American Conservation Coalition. Quill holds a BA in Political Science and International Studies from the University of Washington and an MA in Global Security Studies from Johns Hopkins University.Publications:The True Cost of Chinese Solar PanelsContent00:00 - Introduction02:47 - Chinese Energy Exports and Shifting Energy Geography06:41 - US Energy Security and Its Link to China09:32 - US Tariffs on Solar vs Investment in Solar Industry11:24 - Competitiveness of the US Solar Industry14:36 - US Support for Domestic Solar Panel Production16:59 - Environmental Concerns about Imported Solar Panels19:35 - Positive Implications of Sino-US Solar Panel Tariff Clash24:15 - Lifespan Data of Solar Panels25:59 - Chinese Battery Exports and Domestic Market26:51 - US Progress in Energy Storage Installation28:25 - China’s Position in US Energy Transition30:17 - Impact of a 50% Tariff Increase on US Solar Panels34:35 - Differences in Energy Transition Markets: US vs Europe40:56 - Chinese Technological Advancements45:21 - Role of International Institutions in Great Power Competition47:42 - Potential for a Global Authority Regulating Energy Transition49:10 - US Energy Diplomacy53:48 - EU Energy Dependence on US LNG59:10 - Recommended Research Areas Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the main contemporary schools of Chinese international relations theory with Dr Ferran Pérez Mena, focusing in particular on the Shanghai and Tsinghua schools, their theoretical foundations, key concepts such as moral realism and Chinese exceptionalism, and the ways in which they draw on traditional Chinese philosophy. The discussion explores how these ideas shape Chinese debates on economic statecraft, soft power, security and civilisational identity, and considers what this means for the future direction of China’s foreign policy and IR scholarship.Ferran Pérez MenaDr Ferran Pérez Mena is Assistant Professor in International Relations of East Asia in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University in the United Kingdom. His research focuses on transnational connections between Chinese and Western non state actors, the formation of non Western transnational elite networks, and the relationship between Chinese IR scholars, the Chinese state and the development of Chinese ideas about world politics and international order.Publications:Contender States and Modern Chinese International Thought: From the Republican era until the ‘Chinese School of International Relations’Farewell to revolution: the ‘Chinese School of IR’ and the depoliticisation of IR theory in post-Mao ChinaContent00:00 - Introduction02:41 - Major Contemporary Schools of Thought in Chinese International Relations04:47 - Importance of Shanghai and Tsinghua Universities05:45 - Acceptance of the Shanghai School of IR in China07:43 - Theoretical Foundation of the Shanghai School of IR11:10 - Key Actors in the Shanghai School of IR12:14 - Key Figures and Contributions of the Shanghai School14:49 - Overview of the Tsinghua School of IR16:22 - Influence of Yan Xuetong16:50 - Other IR Schools in China18:03 - Integration of Traditional Chinese Philosophy in IR Theories20:04 - Concept of Moral Realism21:53 - Application of Chinese Moral Realism Internationally23:38 - China’s Definition of Morality25:22 - Chinese Exceptionalism28:42 - Critique and Overlaps between Chinese and Western IR Theories34:10 - Role of Economic Statecraft in IR35:36 - Background of Economic Statecraft in China37:39 - Tsinghua School of IR and Soft Power39:21 - China’s Most Interesting Soft Power Instruments41:41 - Security in Chinese IR Schools44:14 - Publishing Security Issues in China45:38 - Civilizational Identity49:34 - Influence of Concepts and Theories on Chinese Foreign Policy53:30 - Ferran’s Book on Chinese IR Schools58:57 - Accessing Chinese Sources for the Book01:00:23 - Future of Chinese IR Schools Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the geopolitics of the Pacific Islands with Dr Lorenz Gonschor, focusing on Australia’s security role, the strategic interests of major powers such as the United States, China and the European Union (especially France), and the growing presence of emerging actors including India and Indonesia. The conversation explores the history and challenges of the Pacific Islands Forum, Russia’s limited involvement, economic diplomacy and aid dependence, the politics of climate change and energy security, and Fiji’s leadership and constraints in regional and global affairs.Lorenz GonschorDr Lorenz Gonschor is a Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Affairs in the School of Law and Social Sciences at the University of the South Pacific in Fiji. His research covers historical and contemporary governance and politics in Oceania, with a particular interest in the evolution of Pacific regionalism since the nineteenth century. He is also actively engaged in debates on decolonisation in territories such as French Polynesia, Rapa Nui and Norfolk Island.Content00:00 - Introduction01:57 - Australia’s Role in Security Dynamics04:37 - Geography of the Pacific Islands07:49 - Perception of Australia as a Western Power08:54 - Strategic Interests of Major Powers (Australia, USA, China)12:34 - The Complex Position of the European Union (France)16:53 - Influence of Emerging Powers (India, Middle East, Azerbaijan, Indonesia)21:56 - The Pacific Islands Forum: Overview and Functions25:20 - Historical Challenges Faced by the Pacific Islands Forum29:21 - Russian Involvement in the Pacific Region36:05 - Challenges in Economic Diplomacy39:52 - Dependency on Foreign Aid in the Pacific Islands42:28 - Climate Change Debate: Rising Sea Levels and Extreme Weather46:06 - Climate Change Activism in the Pacific Islands47:40 - Energy Security Concerns49:51 - Fiji’s Leadership Role in the Pacific54:03 - Fiji’s Challenges in International Relations59:23 - Local Interest in Studying Political Science Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the circular economy as a subject of international politics, examining how it is defined, what goals it pursues and how it fits within global economic and trade frameworks. In conversation with Dr Patrick Schröder, we discuss international standards, bilateral agreements, corporate incentives, implementation failures, links to the energy transition and the geopolitical and ethical implications of circular economy initiatives, including in the Global South.Patrick SchröderDr Patrick Schröder is a Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Society Centre at Chatham House in London. His work focuses on the global transition to an inclusive circular economy, with particular emphasis on international policy coordination, investment needs, the role of trade and the contribution of circular practices to the Sustainable Development Goals.Publications:The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development GoalsPromoting a just transition to an inclusive circular economyNo, Recycling Won’t Solve Our Plastic ProblemContent00:00 - Introduction02:03 - Defining Circular Economy07:38 - Main Goals of Circular Economy10:48 - Circular Economy in International Economic Frameworks16:33 - Global Authority and International Standards for Circular Economy23:20 - Incorporating Circular Economy into Bilateral Agreements29:11 - International Consensus on Circular Economy35:50 - Multinational Corporations and Circular Economy Incentives41:36 - Case Studies: Failures in Circular Economy Implementation43:58 - Impact of Circular Economy on Economic Growth48:50 - Geopolitical Implications of Circular Economy52:46 - Western Circular Economy Initiatives in Developing Countries56:04 - Ethical Issues in Circular Economy59:14 - Circular Economy and Energy Transition01:04:39 - Recommended Research Areas in Circular Economy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the emergence and evolution of Islamic State – Khurasan Province (IS-Khurasan), exploring its origins, territorial framing, strategic goals and relations with the Taliban and local communities. The discussion with Dr Giuliano Bifolchi looks at recruitment patterns, financing, cyber activities and the role of wider geopolitical tensions and great-power competition in shaping the group’s trajectory.Giuliano BifolchiGiuliano Bifolchi is an intelligence and geopolitics specialist with more than a decade of experience in strategic consulting, due diligence and open-source intelligence. He is Professor of Web Intelligence and Open Source Intelligence at the European Forensic Institute and serves as Senior Intelligence Analyst at SpecialEurasia.Publications:Analysis of The Voice of Khurasan First Issue in the Tajik LanguageStoria del Caucaso del Nord tra presenza russa, Islam e terrorismoConflitto in Ucraina: rischio geopolitico, propaganda jihadista e minaccia per l’EuropaGiuliano Bifolchi, GEOPOLITICA DEL CAUCASO RUSSOContent00:00 - Introduction01:38 - Differentiating Khurasan from the Islamic State Wilayat Khurasan (IS-Khurasan)04:49 - Origins and Establishment of IS-Khurasan06:45 - Significance of Incorporating Territory Names in Islamic State Titles09:41 - Identifying Strategic Goals of IS-Khurasan12:21 - Relationship Dynamics between the Taliban and IS-Khurasan17:35 - Perceptions of IS-Khurasan within the Pashtun Community20:34 - Potential Allies of IS-Khurasan23:36 - Recruitment Strategies and Appeal to Followers28:17 - Objectives of IS-Khurasan in Tajikistan34:58 - Moscow’s Influence: Migration Patterns and Islamic Finance40:03 - Primary Sources of Finance for IS-Khurasan42:26 - IS-Khurasan’s Activities in the Cyber Domain44:40 - Contrasting Innovative and Traditional Counterterrorism Approaches48:16 - Roles of the EU, USA, Russia, and China in the Region52:21 - Impact of Global Events on IS-Khurasan’s Strength57:03 - Recommendations for Further Research Areas Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the history, present landscape and future risks of chemical and biological weapons with Dr Brett Edwards, tracing their evolution from early use to contemporary arsenals and dual-use technologies. The discussion examines verification and disarmament, how these weapons feature in national defence planning, the ethical and legal debates surrounding them, international control regimes and the specific concerns raised in conflicts such as the war in Ukraine.Brett EdwardsDr Brett Edwards is a Senior Lecturer in Security and Public Policy at the University of Bath. His research sits at the intersection of security, non-proliferation and responsible innovation, with a particular focus on chemical and biological weapons disarmament and non-proliferation.Brett’s YouTube channelContent00:00 - Introduction01:43 - Inventory of Global Chemical and Biological Weapons Capabilities06:41 - Evolution of Chemical and Biological Weapons Through History11:59 - Verification of Chemical and Biological Weapons Disarmament13:51 - Integration of Chemical and Biological Weapons into National Military Strategies16:31 - Preparedness Against Chemical and Biological Weapons Attacks19:31 - Ethical Considerations in the Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons24:25 - International Collaboration in Controlling Chemical and Biological Weapons30:11 - Challenges in Prohibiting Chemical versus Biological Weapons35:57 - Techniques for Detection of Chemical and Biological Weapons42:04 - Post-Deployment Detection and Impact Assessment of Chemical and Biological Weapons44:34 - International Sanctions as a Response to Chemical and Biological Weapons Violations48:58 - The Role of Chemical and Biological Weapons in the Ukrainian Conflict56:23 - Anticipating Future Challenges in Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the European Union’s counterterrorism legal framework with Professor Christian Kaunert, exploring how terrorism is defined, how key instruments are implemented across member states, and how financial tracking and international cooperation shape EU practice. The discussion also considers human rights safeguards, the challenge of online radicalisation, gaps in the existing framework and promising directions for future research on EU counterterrorism policy.Christian KaunertChristian Kaunert is Professor of International Security at the School of Law and Government at Dublin City University and Professor of Policing and Security at the University of South Wales, where he directs the International Centre for Policing and Security and serves as a Jean Monnet Chair. His work focuses on European security, counterterrorism and justice and home affairs cooperation.The Sharing Economy for Tackling CybercrimeSecuritization Outside the West: West African Security ReconceptualisedEuropol and EU Counterterrorism: International Security Actorness in the External DimensionThe European Union as a Global Counter-Terrorism ActorFar-right foreign fighters and Ukraine: A blind spot for the European Union?Counter-terrorism cooperation and the European Neighbourhood PolicyPreventing radicalisation and enhancing disengagement in the European UnionContent00:00 - Introduction02:35 - The EU Definition of Terrorism and Its Implications09:25 - General vs Specific Definitions of Terrorism: A Comparative Analysis11:41 - Dissemination of Terrorism Definitions to National Member States’ Legal Codes13:31 - Fundamental Legal Instruments in EU Counterterrorism Framework28:27 - Tracking Financial Flows in Counterterrorism Operations35:15 - Comparison between the Council of Europe and the European Council in Counterterrorism Efforts40:43 - International Cooperation in Counterterrorism and the Role of the EU48:05 - EU Initiatives towards Non-Western Countries and Reciprocal Engagement52:29 - Human Rights Considerations within EU Counterterrorism Strategies57:34 - EU Institutions Involved in Counterterrorism Efforts01:00:19 - Gaps and Missing Elements in the EU’s Counterterrorism Legal Framework01:04:53 - Addressing Radicalisation through Online Content Regulation01:08:01 - Suggestions for Further Research in EU Counterterrorism Policies and Strategies Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores Qatar’s soft power with Ariel Admoni, examining its role as a mediator in the Middle East, the leverage derived from energy exports, and the use of culture, education, real estate and global media to project influence. The conversation also looks at Qatar’s foreign aid strategy, the legacy of hosting the World Cup, the significance of Al Jazeera, and under-researched aspects of Qatari soft power on the regional and global stage.Ariel AdmoniAriel Admoni is a PhD candidate at Bar-Ilan University in Israel whose research focuses on Qatari politics and Qatar’s role in international relations. He has published on these themes in journals such as Contemporary Review of the Middle East, Middle East Policy and the Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies.Publications:Same reasons, different outcomes: Qatar’s policy on Israel up to 1996Peace Is Relative: Qatar and Agreements with IsraelPolitical antisemitism: Qatar’s attitude towards Jews and IsraelOrder from Above: The Evolvement of Elections in QatarContent00:00 - Introduction01:43 - Qatari Regime Overview03:35 - Qatar’s Mediation in the Middle East07:58 - Sources of Qatari Negotiating Power12:06 - Emir Family vs. Diplomatic Corps13:48 - Qatar’s Foreign Aid Initiatives16:37 - Evaluating Qatari Foreign Aid18:40 - Influence of Qatari Energy Exports22:40 - Energy Deals and Soft Power25:20 - Long-Term Relevance of Qatar’s Energy Impact27:09 - Qatar’s Renewable Energy Impact28:35 - Real Estate Investment in Soft Power33:09 - Culture and Education in Qatar’s Strategy36:37 - Qatar’s Soft Power: Domestic and International38:15 - Success of Qatar’s Educational City Project40:49 - Impact of Hosting the World Football Championship47:08 - Al Jazeera TV and Qatar’s Soft Power51:59 - Analysing Al Jazeera’s Role55:36 - Qatar’s Influence in International Institutions01:01:16 - Qatar’s Mediation Between Israel and Hamas01:06:50 - Under-Researched Areas of Qatari Soft Power Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker analyses the strategic role and evolving dynamics of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), examining its core objectives, how it compares with NATO, and the internal relations among member states. The discussion considers CSTO’s relevance for Russia’s security and economic interests, the organisation’s operational capabilities, the involvement of external actors such as China and Iran, and the possible futures of the bloc, from reform and expansion to decline.Thomas AmbrosioDr Ambrosio is Professor of Political Science in the Criminal Justice and Political Science Department at North Dakota State University in the United States. His research focuses on international relations, Russian foreign policy and the stability of authoritarian regimes, with particular attention to how Russia constructs and uses regional organisations and alliances such as the CSTO in its broader geopolitical strategy.Publications:Authoritarian Backlash: Russian Resistance to Democratization in the Former Soviet UnionChallenging America’s Global Preeminence: Russia’s Quest for MultipolarityBetween Threat, Alliance, and Multivectorism: Kazakh-Russian Relations in the Wake of the Russo-Ukrainian WarCatching the ‘Shanghai Spirit’: How the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Promotes Authoritarian Norms in Central AsiaContent00:00 - Introduction to CSTO03:18 - CSTO’s Strategic Goals and Objectives in 202406:02 - CSTO and NATO: A Comparative Analysis08:23 - Internal Dynamics: Relations Among CSTO Member States15:19 - CSTO’s Role in Supporting Russia’s Energy and Economic Policies16:53 - CSTO’s Function in Safeguarding Russia’s Economic Interests18:14 - Aligning CSTO Activities with Russia’s National Security Agenda21:21 - International Backing for CSTO: The Role of China, Iran, and North Korea22:36 - Future Trajectory of CSTO: Expansion or Dissolution Prospects24:47 - Operational Capacity of CSTO: Forces and Military Capabilities26:22 - Evaluating the Current Agenda of CSTO31:00 - Future Outlook: Revising CSTO’s Strategic Agenda for Sustainability34:13 - Assessing Russia’s Diplomatic Strategies within CSTO35:52 - BRICS and CSTO: Potential for Adoption of Treaty Framework38:30 - Western Perspectives on Russia’s Geopolitical Alliances and Blocs42:27 - Highlighting CSTO’s Key Achievements and Positive Contributions44:22 - Impact of CSTO on Russia’s Security Doctrine and Policy46:34 - Analysing the Reasons Behind Countries’ Withdrawal from CSTO48:37 - Operational Challenges: Understanding CSTO’s Unique Functioning51:47 - CSTO’s Role in the Armenia-Azerbaijan Dynamics54:10 - Key Lessons from CSTO for Russia and Member States Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the Afghan refugee crisis in Pakistan with Ido Gadi Raz, analysing the scale of Afghan displacement, associated security concerns and Islamabad’s evolving policy response. The conversation explores the Taliban’s role, the economic and geopolitical implications for both states, the colonial legacy of the border, and the risks of wider conflict in a nuclear-armed regional context.Ido RazIdo Gadi Raz is a researcher specialising in the Afghanistan–Pakistan region, with a focus on terrorism, geopolitics and international relations. He is a fast-track PhD candidate in International Relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and previously worked as a financial intelligence analyst in the Israeli government sector. Holding a BA in Middle Eastern Studies and Arabic from Bar-Ilan University, he contributes to scholarly debate through journal articles and analytical pieces and is a regular commentator on Afghan–Pakistani affairs in the Israeli media.Publications:Pakistan-Israel Relations: A Chance of Normalization?Against all Expectations: Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations after the American WithdrawalThe United States Withdrawal from Afghanistan after Two Decades of a Global War on TerrorismFar But Present: Israel’s Three Major Threats Coming From Afghanistan – AnalysisContent00:00 - Introduction02:21 - Afghan Displacement: Scale and Impact08:07 - Security Concerns for Returning Afghans12:09 - Border Dynamics and International Response16:49 - Revisiting Pakistan’s Afghan Visa Policy18:23 - Pakistan’s Response: Strategy and Tactics22:13 - Taliban’s Crisis Management24:05 - Pakistan’s Political Crisis and Afghan Exodus29:34 - Terrorist Groups in Pakistan and Afghanistan34:56 - Pakistan-Afghanistan Economic Ties40:18 - Afghan-Pak Border: Colonial Legacy42:22 - Diplomacy in the Refugee Crisis44:06 - Need for Mediation in Pakistan-Afghanistan46:23 - Cultural Aspects of the Crisis48:14 - Pashtuns’ Role in the Situation49:41 - Long-Term Policies for Crisis Resolution51:49 - Conflict Risks: Pakistan vs Afghanistan54:25 - Nuclear Factors in the Crisis56:41 - Research Challenges in Pakistan-Afghanistan58:11 - Afghan-Pakistani Scholar Collaboration59:14 - Suggested Research Areas Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the geopolitics of the energy transition with Dr Daniel Scholten, examining how shifting energy systems reshape power relations, security risks and opportunities for international cooperation. The conversation considers the prospects for fossil fuel exporters and global renewable energy companies, the scramble for critical materials, the role of international organisations and energy diplomacy, and emerging research agendas in this rapidly developing field.Daniel ScholtenDr Daniel Scholten is Visiting Assistant Professor at the Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy at the Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota. A specialist in the geopolitics of the energy transition and the governance of sustainability, he has previously served as strategic adviser on energy and sustainability at the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets, taught at Delft University of Technology, and contributed to the IRENA Global Commission on the Geopolitics of Energy Transformation.Publications:Handbook on the Geopolitics of the Energy TransitionThe new oil? The geopolitics and international governance of hydrogenRenewable energy and geopolitics: A reviewThe geopolitics of renewables: New board, new gameThe Geopolitics of RenewablesContent00:00 - Introduction01:43 - Significance of Geopolitics in Energy Transition02:45 - Key Geopolitical Expectations in the Energy Transition09:24 - Identifying the Most Critical Research Area12:38 - Geopolitical Ramifications for Fossil Fuel Exporting Nations during Energy Transition18:13 - Prospects for Global Renewable Energy Corporations20:54 - Geopolitical Dynamics in the Arctic Region26:39 - Securing Critical Rare Materials for Energy Transition30:46 - International Organizations and Governance in Energy Transition37:18 - Role of Energy Diplomacy43:48 - Geopolitical Cooperation in Energy Transition48:56 - Security Implications of Energy Transition54:20 - Research Trends and Methodologies in Geopolitics of Energy Transition Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the role of identity and identification in international relations with Professor Richard Ned Lebow, examining how memory, self perception and corporate identity shape state behaviour and political order. The discussion engages with constructivist theory and its critics, considers non Western perspectives on identity, and reflects on the implications for conflict management and institutions such as the United Nations.Richard Ned LebowProfessor Richard Ned Lebow is Emeritus Professor of International Political Theory in the War Studies Department at King’s College London, Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of the British Academy. His work spans international relations, the causes of war, decision making, conflict management and both ancient and modern political theory, with a particular focus on the politics and ethics of identity.Publications:National Identities and International RelationsA Cultural Theory of International RelationsThe Politics and Ethics of IdentityConstructing Cause in International RelationsContent00:00 - Introduction02:23 - Unravelling Identity and Identification in International Relations15:37 - The Nexus of Identification and State Behaviour19:56 - The Significance of Understanding Identity21:40 - Methodologies for Investigating Identity and Identification Concepts22:54 - Perspectives on Identity in Non-Western Scholarship26:31 - Memory, Identity, and Self-Perception34:30 - States’ Collective Memory and Identity36:24 - Corporate Identity in International Context39:46 - Political Order: Interplay with Identity and Identification48:03 - Ned Lebow’s Constructivist Insights and Critiques52:42 - The UN and Constructivism’s Role in Conflict Resolution Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the structure and practice of power in contemporary Russia with Associate Professor Chris Monday, from the hierarchy between Moscow and the regions to the role of Putin’s family, organised crime networks and the energy sector. The discussion examines who actually makes foreign policy decisions, how much influence ordinary Russians wield, and how the war in Ukraine is reshaping the country’s internal power dynamics.Chris MondayChris Monday is Associate Professor in the Department of International Relations at Dongseo University in Busan, South Korea. His research focuses on Russia, North Korea and other post-communist societies, informed in part by eight years living in Russia and service in the Peace Corps in Kenya. He has published in journals such as Asian Survey, Russian History, the Journal of Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society, Russian Review, Communist and Post-Communist Studies and Korean Slavic Review.Publications:After Putin, a Putina?What’s Hiding in Putin’s Family History?Privatization to putinization: The genesis of Russia’s hobbled oligarchyFamily Rule as the Highest Stage of CommunismContent00:00 - Introduction02:23 - Russian Power Structure Demystified11:14 - Conceptualizing Power in the Russian Context13:07 - Balancing Power: Moscow vs. the Regions19:54 - Russian Regions’ Influence and Potential Separation21:47 - Putin’s Family’s Role in Governance27:25 - Putin’s Contemplation of Czarist Parallels30:01 - Organized Crime Families and Their Grip on Power34:09 - Power Dynamics in the Energy Sector37:36 - Energy Titans vs. Government: Who Wields More Influence?41:40 - Power and Notoriety: A Complex Relationship45:11 - Foreign Policy Decision-Makers in Russia48:44 - The Power of the Russian People: Influence and Politics52:41 - Unravelling Russian Power: Research Methodologies55:48 - U.S. Support for Ukraine: Geopolitical Impacts1:00:01 - The Ukrainian War’s Ripple Effects on Russian Power Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines how social media shapes contemporary radicalisation, from recruitment strategies and message design to the spread of counternarratives, algorithmic amplification and the use of encrypted platforms. The discussion with Dr Gordon Alley-Young explores practical and ethical challenges in detecting and limiting extremist content, international cooperation between states and platforms, and the tools available to counter radical messages and online fundraising for extremism.Gordon Alley YoungDr Gordon Alley-Young is Professor of Speech Communication and dean at Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York. His research focuses on intercultural communication and postcolonialism in popular culture, with particular attention to education, culture, identity, gender, class and sexuality.Publications:Army Recruitment of Ethnic MinoritiesSocial Media and Terrorist FinancingArticulating Identity: Refining Postcolonial and Whiteness Perspectives on Race within Communication StudiesContent00:00 - Introduction02:04 - The Role of Social Media in the Radicalisation Recruitment Process10:17 - Crafting Effective Messages on Social Media Platforms12:05 - Counternarratives and Their Impact on Social Media20:34 - Manipulating Algorithms: Influence on Social Media Content26:51 - Detecting and Limiting Radical Content on Social Media32:37 - International Cooperation: Combating Radical Content Across Borders37:58 - Account Verification on Social Media42:53 - Encrypted Messaging Apps and Their Connection to Radicalisation53:17 - Fundraising for Terrorism and Extremism on Social Media58:54 - Strategies for Addressing Radical Messages and Banners on Social Media Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the intersection of international relations theory and energy policy with Dr Marco Siddi, addressing realist, liberal and constructivist approaches to energy, the idea of energy as a “weapon”, and the evolving geopolitics of the EU’s green transition. The conversation examines efforts to harmonise EU energy policies, instruments such as RePowerEU and joint purchasing platforms, the reconfiguration of EU–Russia energy relations after the war in Ukraine, and emerging research agendas in European energy politics.Marco SiddiMarco Siddi is a researcher at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs specialising in EU–Russia relations and European energy policy. He holds adjunct professorships at the University of Helsinki and Tampere University and earned his PhD from the Universities of Edinburgh and Cologne. His work covers energy and climate politics, identity politics, European security and Italy’s role in the EU, and his publications include European Energy Politics: The Green Transition and EU–Russia Energy Relations (Edward Elgar, 2023) and European Identities and Foreign Policy Discourses on Russia (Routledge, 2020).Content00:00 - Introduction02:11 - Realist Perspective in Energy Policy04:30 - Concept of ‘Energy Weapon’05:27 - Realists vs. Liberal Logic in Energy Policy07:20 - Constructivist Scholarship09:55 - Geopolitics of Energy11:35 - Energy Transition14:07 - Harmonizing EU Energy Policies17:01 - Relevance of EU Ministry of Energy18:34 - EU Regulations and Green Transition Progress21:43 - EU Energy Bloc Purchasing Platforms24:12 - RePowerEU Concept in Dr. Siddi’s Book26:33 - EU-Gazprom Contracts29:02 - EU-Russia Energy Relations31:42 - EU Green Deal Post-Ukraine War34:44 - Research Methods and Energy Policy Approach36:57 - Gathering Information on Russia39:55 - Dr. Siddi’s New Research Ideas Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines radicalisation in the United States through the story of Jeff Schoep, a former leader of the country’s largest neo-Nazi organisation. The conversation explores the personal, social and political factors that sustained his twenty five years in the movement, the process that led him to disengage, and broader lessons for countering hate and violent extremism in contemporary America.Jeff SchoepJeff Schoep is the founder of Beyond Barriers, a non profit organisation that supports individuals leaving extremist groups and assists communities affected by extremism. Formerly the long standing leader of the National Socialist Movement in the United States, he left the organisation in 2019 and publicly renounced the ideology he had previously promoted. Drawing on first hand experience of far right extremism, he now works with the Simon Wiesenthal Center, educational institutions and community organisations in the United States and abroad, speaking on radicalisation, disengagement and prevention.Content00:00 - Introduction01:46 - Jeff Schoep’s Neo-Nazi Leadership04:45 - Becoming a Neo-Nazi Leader in the USA07:50 - Jeff Schoep’s 25-Year Neo-Nazi Journey12:13 - Neo-Nazi Group Membership15:18 - Crafting Speeches for Followers17:18 - Financing the Neo-Nazi Movement18:36 - US Restrictions on Neo-Nazi Symbols20:17 - Jeff’s Decision to Quit the Neo-Nazi Organization29:01 - Jeff Schoep and The Simon Wiesenthal Center34:15 - Online Landscape and Radicalisation35:42 - Economic Disparities and Radicalisation39:34 - US Military Interventions and Radicalisation41:20 - Prisons and Radicalisation43:40 - Spectrum of Radical Ideologies in the USA48:32 - Exporting Ideologies from the USA50:19 - US Strategies and Law Enforcement Against Radicalisation53:44 - Local Community Efforts Against Radicalisation55:47 - AI in Countering Radicalisation57:55 - Vulnerable Age Groups and Radicalisation01:01:36 - Republicans, Democrats, and Radicalisation01:04:57 - Tackling Radicalisation in the USA & Scholarly Contributions Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores contemporary terrorism and its study with Dr Tim Wilson, Director of the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews. The conversation examines the evolution of terrorist tactics since 9/11, the role of finance and recruitment, the challenges facing intelligence agencies and the media, as well as innovative research methods, non-Western perspectives and the implications of the Israel–Hamas conflict for terrorism research.Tim WilsonDr Tim Wilson is a historian of political violence and Director of the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews. He has written widely on terrorism by both states and their opponents, including the book Killing Strangers: How Political Violence Became Modern published by Oxford University Press in 2020. He is also co editor, with Diego Muro, of Contemporary Terrorism Studies published by Oxford University Press in 2022, a leading textbook in the field.Content00:00 - Introduction01:38 - Evolution of Terrorism Tactics since 9/1105:54 - Accessibility of Terrorism Tools09:01 - Understanding the Financial Mechanisms in Terrorism12:26 - The Critical Role of Money in Facilitating Terrorism13:39 - Tactics and Trends in Terrorist Recruitment18:07 - Intelligence Agencies’ Response to Terrorism24:23 - Media’s Overuse of the Term ‘Terrorism’27:18 - Innovative Research Methods in Terrorism Studies34:28 - Exploring Non-Western Perspectives in Terrorism Research37:06 - Bridging Academia and Industry in Terrorism Research40:43 - Spotlight on Handa Centre’s Terrorism Research Initiatives47:28 - Crafting a Stellar Dissertation in Terrorism Studies51:35 - Common Misconceptions Among Terrorism Studies Students56:03 - The Impact of Israel-Hamas Conflict on Terrorism Research Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores Norway’s energy security and geopolitics with Professor Ole Gunnar Austvik, tracing the evolution of Norwegian oil exports, the role of private companies and diversification strategies, and the impact of the war in Ukraine on gas supplies to the European Union. The discussion also addresses LNG expansion, pipeline infrastructure, electricity and hydrogen exports, Nordic energy cooperation, the Arctic as a new energy frontier and the future of nuclear power in Norway.Ole Gunnar AustvikOle Gunnar Austvik is a Norwegian economist and political scientist specialising in political economy, oil and gas policy and European integration. He is Professor of Political Economy and Petroleum Economics at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, a Senior Fellow at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has previously worked with the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, BI Norwegian Business School and Statistics Norway.Publications:Norway: Small State in the Great European Energy GameEU-Russian Gas Trade and the Shortcomings of International LawTurkey in the geopolitics of energyContent00:00 - Introduction02:32 - Evolution of Norway’s Oil Exports08:21 - Role of Private Companies in the Norwegian Oil Market09:53 - Diversifying Norway’s Oil Export Strategy12:34 - Investment Trends in the Norwegian Oil Sector14:50 - Ethical Considerations in Norway’s Oil Export Industry18:50 - Impact of the Ukraine War on Norway’s Gas Exports to the EU22:57 - Domestic Political Dynamics and Norway’s Gas Exports26:48 - State of the Norwegian Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure29:12 - Public Opinion on LNG Expansion in Norway30:59 - Balancing Norwegian Reserves with EU Export Demands33:04 - Norway’s National Energy Strategy36:55 - Norway’s Electricity Export40:19 - Hydrogen Export45:10 - The Arctic: Norway’s New Energy Frontier48:53 - Exploring New Energy Reserves Outside of Norway51:11 - Energy Collaboration Among Nordic Countries56:16 - The State of Nuclear Energy in Norway59:21 - Future Directions in Norway’s Energy Policy Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the war in Yemen with Dr Tom Walsh, tracing the conflict’s historical roots, the social mosaic of Yemeni society and the role of regional and international actors. The discussion considers Saudi Arabia’s intervention, the humanitarian crisis and blockades, the interplay of religion and politics, the use of propaganda and social media, and what a realistic pathway to peace might look like.Tom WalshDr Tom Walsh is a Lecturer in International Relations and Politics and a Middle East researcher at Northumbria University, and an Associate Instructor at the LSE. An Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, he studies narrative warfare and sectarian rhetoric on social media in the so called New Middle East Cold War between Saudi Arabia and Iran, with a particular focus on Yemen. He holds a PhD from Durham University, where his thesis examined the Iranian Saudi rivalry and its role in prolonging the war in Yemen through external intervention, securitisation, sectarianisation and digital media.Publications:How to analyze visual propaganda in the Middle East: An analysis of imagery in the “Saudi Strike Force Movie”Securitisation imperatives and the exaggeration of Iranian involvement with the Houthi movement by international actorsRecommended Texts:Weathering the Storm: Legality and Legal Implications of the Saud-led Military Intervention in Yemen by Ruys, T. and Ferro, L. (2016)China’s Middle East Foreign Policy and the Yemen Crisis: Challenges and Implications by Chaziza, Mordechai. (2015)China and Yemen’s Forgotten War by Chang, I-wei Jennifer. (2018)China’s Balancing Strategy between Saudi Arabia and Iran: The View from Riyadh by Houghton, Benjamin. (2022)Russia is friendly with the Houthis in Yemen. But it’s Complicated by Katz, Mark N. (2021)Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster by Borger, J. (2015)Sensible Politics: Visualizing International Relations by William A. Callahan (2020)Content00:00 - Introduction02:49 - The Roots of Conflict: Why is there war in Yemen?06:04 - The Mosaic of Yemeni Society: Tribes and Ethnic Groups08:10 - Foreign Players in the Yemeni Conflict11:34 - Saudi Arabia’s Motivation for Military Intervention13:23 - Pursuit of Peace vs. Perpetuation of Conflict14:49 - Geopolitical Approaches: China and Russia in Yemen17:37 - Yemen in 2023: A Glimpse of the Current Situation19:20 - The Intersection of Religion and Politics in Yemen21:48 - The Humanitarian Crisis Unveiled: Implications of War25:34 - Blockades and Aid Delivery: The Struggle for Access28:14 - International Law and the Quest for Humanitarian Corridors34:20 - Tribal Reactions and Loyalties Amidst the Conflict37:01 - Yemeni Refugees: Escaping the Ravages of War39:02 - Yemen and the Shadow of Terrorism42:21 - International Alliances and Yemen’s Diplomatic Relations43:50 - Researching Yemen: An Academic Perspective46:19 - Yemeni Scholars and Their Contributions48:24 - Propaganda Wars: Visual Narratives by Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthis50:58 - The Power of Social Media in Yemen52:00 - Recommendations for Policymakers: Tom’s Insights Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the field of foreign policy analysis with Dr Eldad Ben-Aharon, from core concepts and theories to contemporary methodological debates, including questions of Western-centrism, the role of non-state actors and the impact of technology and climate change on research agendas. The conversation then turns to two detailed case studies that illuminate the practice of elite interviewing in international relations: oral history work with Israeli elites and the methodological and ethical challenges of interviewing senior intelligence officials, including a former Mossad director.Eldad Ben-AharonDr Eldad Ben-Aharon is an IRC Post-Doctoral Fellow in International Security at Dublin City University and a researcher at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt. He received his PhD in History from Royal Holloway, University of London, and his work focuses on the international history of the Middle East during the Cold War through archival research, foreign policy analysis and elite interviews. His research has been published in journals such as the European Journal of International Security, Intelligence and National Security, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Oral History Review and Cold War History, and he has written for outlets including Newsweek, The Conversation, The Jerusalem Post, Haaretz, The National Interest, Times of Israel and Globes.Publications:Political audience and non-linear securitisation: Revisiting Israel–Iran relations and the making of the 1979 Islamic RevolutionDoing Oral History with the Israeli Elite and the Question of Methodology in International Relations ResearchMethodological and epistemological reflections on elite interviews and the study of Israel’s intelligence history: interview with Efraim HalevyContent00:00 - Introduction02:14 - Defining Foreign Policy04:30 - Diplomacy vs. Policy06:09 - Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis08:55 - Theories and Frameworks10:52 - Western Centrism in Policy Analysis14:12 - Actors vs. Institutions16:26 - Trends in Methodology21:04 - Technology and Climate Change in Research24:45 - Theoretical Stance Importance26:32 - Case Study 1: Article Description30:04 - Case Study 1: Methods33:21 - Case Study 1: Challenges36:58 - Case Study 1: Tech Tools40:40 - Case Study 2: Intro & Methods46:36 - Case Study 2: Interviewing Mossad Director49:56 - Case Study 2: Handling Sensitivity54:37 - Case Study 2: Post-Interview Protocol57:25 - Eldad’s Research Motivation Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines Russia’s evolving role in the Middle East with Daniel Rakov, focusing in particular on Moscow’s strategic objectives in Syria, its military partnership with the Assad regime and the significance of bases such as Latakia and Tartus. The discussion then turns to Russia’s relations with Iran and China, its energy and nuclear diplomacy in the region, and the ways in which the Russo-Ukrainian war has reshaped Russian ties with Israel and its broader media image.Daniel RakovDaniel Rakov is a specialist on Russian policy in the Middle East and great power competition in the region. He is a senior researcher at Tel Aviv University’s Elrom Center for Air and Space Studies and at the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, following more than twenty years of service in the Israel Defense Forces, primarily in military intelligence. From 2019 to 2021 he was a research fellow in the Russian Studies Programme at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv.Publications:The Growing Impact of the Civilian Population on the Modern Battlefield: A Glimpse into the Russia-Ukraine WarRussia’s Power Image After Prigozhin’s UprisingThe Netanyahu Government’s Approach to Russia and UkraineThe Reasoning Behind Israel’s Refusal to Supply Weapons to UkraineContent00:00 - Introduction00:44 - Russia’s Strategic Aims in Syria02:36 - Military Synergy: Russia and Syria13:35 - Latakia and Tartus: Russia’s Operational Bases16:26 - Implications of a Russia-Iran Arms Exchange24:07 - The Basis of Russia-Iran Cooperation27:03 - China in the Middle East: Boon or Bane for Russia?31:37 - Ukraine’s Effect on Russian-Israeli Relations41:39 - Moscow’s Take on the Abraham Accords47:48 - Russian Energy and Nuclear Diplomacy57:12 - Media Portrayals in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the evolving military relationship between Russia and Iran, from the strategic logic behind their partnership to the economics of Iranian drone exports and what Moscow may be offering in return. The discussion considers Russia’s surprising weakness in drone technology, prospects for joint production, scenario analyses of the war in Ukraine and its impact on bilateral ties, and the possibility of deeper Iranian military involvement in the conflict.Scholars of TomorrowScholars of Tomorrow is a panel of emerging researchers who bring fresh perspectives to these questions.Mikael Pir-Budagyan is a graduate student in Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies and a graduate associate at Russia Matters (Harvard Kennedy School), focusing on Russian foreign and domestic policy, regional development and conflict resolution.Aryan Monfarednik studies Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Charles University in Prague and is engaged with activists inside and outside Iran on questions of human rights and freedom.Igor Suvorov is a master’s student in African Studies at the University of Hradec Králové, working in human rights, vocational education and journalism, and founder of the youth NGO Late Night Diplomacy.Ronan Wordsworth holds a master’s degree in Geopolitical Studies from Charles University, works on the university’s Africa programme, and is an analyst and forecaster for Geopolitical Futures on sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia–Pacific; he also co-hosts The Geopolitical Pickle podcast.Juan Francisco Muñoz is an intelligence analyst completing a master’s in Geopolitical Studies at Charles University and co-founder of The Geopolitical Pickle, focusing on contemporary geopolitical trends and security issues.Content00:00 - Introduction06:38 - Delving into Russia-Iran Military Dynamics17:18 - Media’s Magnification: Russia & Iran’s Prominence26:34 - Economic Motives: Are Cheap Iranian Drones the Catalyst?38:47 - Russia’s Offerings to Iran: Beyond the Obvious49:23 - The Absence of Russia’s Drone Programme & The Russo-Iranian Drone Venture57:53 - Scenario Analysis: Ukraine War’s Endgame (5 months, 15 months) and its Impact on Russia-Iran Ties01:07:14 - Could Iran Deploy Contractors or Troops in Ukraine? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the current geopolitical landscape, more than 50,000 Russian students are studying abroad, and many choose to hide their identity. Additionally, there are many Russian university lecturers; for those who have left Russia, finding suitable job opportunities can be particularly challenging. Inspired by Ekaterina Schulmann and her efforts to provide relevant information in Russian, I’ve decided to concentrate solely on delivering an educational message for Russian students. I aim to underline the importance of studying international relations and utilising the internet to access open educational resources. To serve this purpose, I have selected Igor, a Russian student who has been studying international relations and who has lived, studied, and worked in the European Union for the past decade.I hope this episode serves as inspiration for those who believe that education and critical thinking are the best safeguards against propaganda.Я прочитал две статьи о российских студентах в Европе, ссылки на которые вы найдёте ниже. Российские студенты в Европе представляют собой интересный сегмент международной студенческой аудитории и одновременно являются особенно острым вопросом для решения. После вторжения России на Украину встаёт сложный вопрос о том, как работать с этими студентами, большинство из которых прибыли в Европу до начала конфликта.Статья в газете PoliticoRussian students in Europe face discrimination — and pressure from MoscowСтатья в газете Le MondeRussian students in France carry the stigma of their nationalityВ этом эпизоде мы общаемся с Игорем, российским студентом, специализирующимся в международных отношениях. Обсудим актуальные вопросы, такие как преимущества и недостатки формального образования в МО, влияние быстрого потока информации на изучение дисциплины, и демократизацию знаний благодаря цифровым ресурсам. Игорь поделится своим опытом практического изучения международных отношений в Африке и расскажет о том, как западно-центрические теории оспариваются на практике. Также затронем тему текущих геополитических тенденций и их влияния на российских студентов.Igor SuvorovИгорь Суворов живёт в Чехии с 2014 года и специализируется в международных отношениях. В настоящее время он учится в магистратуре Университета Градец Кралове по африканистике, с фокусом на устойчивые проекты в Замбии. С осени 2023 года планирует изучать экономику гуманитарной помощи в Лундском Университете, Швеция.Контент00:00 - Введение04:07 - Зачем Изучать МО?04:12 - Формальное Образование против Цифровых Ресурсов08:49 - Плюсы и Минусы в МО13:02 - Информационный Поток и Стабильность МО16:43 - Демократизация Знаний в МО20:00 - Советы Новичкам в МО21:12 - Практика МО в Африке21:42 - Теория и Практика МО в Африке28:03 - Уроки от Местных в Африке32:14 - Академия против Реальности34:28 - Вызов Западным Теориям МО38:56 - Западные “Слепые Пятна” в Африке44:52 - Быть Россиянином Сегодня45:11 - Украинский Кризис и Российские Студенты50:31 - Вызовы и Возможности для Россиян53:07 - Преодоление Предвзятости к Российским Дипломам55:00 - Советы Российским Студентам Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the changing landscape of Russian energy with Dr Tatiana Mitrova, from the evolution of the nuclear sector and Rosatom’s global ambitions to the structure of the Russian oil market and Moscow’s search for new gas export routes after losing Europe. The discussion addresses questions of energy security, price caps on Russian oil, the relationship between Gazprom and Novatek, and the limited but significant prospects for renewable energy in Russia.Tatiana MitrovaDr Tatiana Mitrova is a Research Fellow at the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs and has more than twenty five years of experience analysing Russian and global energy markets. She previously served as Executive Director of the Energy Centre at the Moscow School of Management SKOLKOVO and as Head of Research in the Oil and Gas Department at the Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr Mitrova is the author of over two hundred publications in scientific and business journals and eight books on energy issues.Publications:Energy transition in RussiaEnergy and the Economy in RussiaRussian Energy OutlookQ&A | Understanding the Impact of Sanctions on the Russian Oil and Gas Sector with Limited DataContent00:00 - Introduction01:39 - The State of Russian Nuclear Energy Prior to 202207:52 - Rosatom’s International Ambitions Before 202211:40 - Transition in Russian Nuclear Energy Post-202217:15 - Assessing Russian Nuclear Energy Security in 202318:43 - Delving into Concerns Regarding Russian Nuclear Energy Security21:05 - A Comprehensive Look at Rosneft Oil Company’s Magnitude23:45 - Envisioning the Global Landscape Without Russian Oil26:26 - Tracing the Origin of Russian Oil: Is It Possible?30:46 - Overseeing the Global Oil Market: Who Holds the Reins?37:38 - Evaluating the Realistic Price of Russian Oil and Price Caps43:12 - Exploring Russia’s Options for Natural Gas Export Pipelines After Losing Europe49:18 - Analysing the Domestic Requirement of Natural Gas in Russia50:08 - The Feasibility of Converting Russian Natural Gas Pipelines for Hydrogen Use52:09 - Novatek’s Strategic Options if the EU Ceases to Buy Russian LNG56:38 - Gazprom vs. Novatek: Understanding the Independence of Novatek01:00:07 - Current Landscape of Renewable Energy in Russia01:06:51 - Insights into Russian Domestic Energy Security Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the practice and pedagogy of diplomatic negotiation with Ida Manton, examining how teaching methods have evolved, how technology intersects with human skills, and how sensitive topics such as climate change and human rights are incorporated into training. The conversation also considers the use of case studies, the role of theory, emerging specialisations such as cyber and vaccine diplomacy, and the core skills that effective negotiators need today.Ida MantonIda Manton is a researcher and trainer with more than 18 years of experience teaching diplomats, government officials, businesspeople, military personnel and students across Europe and Central Asia in diplomacy, international negotiation, mediation and conflict resolution. She has worked with leading diplomatic academies and organisations including the OSCE, the European Union, NATO, and universities such as the College of Europe, the American University of Central Asia and the Prague University of Economics and Business, and is an active member of the Programme of International Negotiation Trainers.Program On International Negotiation Training (POINT)Ida’s Recommended Publications for everyone who wants to dive into diplomatic negotiations:Diplomatic Negotiation - Essence and EvolutionMaking Conflict Work: Harnessing the Power of Disagreement by Peter T. Coleman and Robert FergusonThe Practical NegotiatorHelsinki Revisited: A Key U.S. Negotiator’s Memoirs on the Development of the CSCE into the OSCE (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society)PIN BooksContent00:00 - Introduction02:46 - Evolution of Diplomatic Negotiation Teaching09:36 - Technology vs. Human Skills in Negotiations16:23 - Challenges in Teaching International Negotiations20:12 - Student vs. Diplomat: Learning Diplomatic Negotiation23:59 - Utilising Case Studies in Negotiation Education29:10 - Influence of Trends, Climate Change and Human Rights, on Teaching34:08 - Handling Sensitive Topics in Teaching39:46 - Theory’s Role in Negotiation Education44:14 - Ethics and Morality in Negotiation48:49 - Negotiation Specialities: Cyber, Sport, Vaccine Diplomacy53:21 - Guest Experts in Negotiation Classes57:27 - Essential Skills for Negotiators01:02:06 - Importance of Language in Negotiation Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the geopolitics of East Mediterranean gas with Alexander Kislov, from the impact of the Abraham Accords on regional energy cooperation to the non-development of Cypriot reserves, Israeli–Turkish projects and Egypt’s balancing act between domestic needs and export commitments. The discussion also considers the role of major international energy companies, security challenges around offshore fields, and how the EU’s green transition and changing gas demand may reshape the future of Mediterranean pipelines.Alexander KislovAlexander Kislov is a natural gas and LNG analyst with specialist expertise in East Mediterranean, Russian, European and Chinese gas markets. He publishes in outlets such as the Jerusalem Post and prepares analytical reports for high-profile clients in the energy sector.Publications:An LNG facility could make Israel a global gas player - opinionThe Abraham Accords and the EastMed Natural Gas Market: Supporting the Region’s Ambitions to Become a Global Gas PlayerContent00:00 - Introduction01:40 - Overview of East Mediterranean Gas14:41 - Abraham Accords: Impact on Energy Cooperation in the East Mediterranean19:10 - Projected Gas Demand from the EU: A 5-Year Outlook on East Mediterranean Gas26:36 - LNG Carriers: Are There Enough to Meet EU’s East Mediterranean Gas Needs?28:47 - Cyprus’ Untapped Potential: Reasons Behind Its Non-development of Natural Gas Reserves32:49 - The Process Unveiled: Duration to Develop an Offshore Gas Field from Extraction to Export Deliveries34:45 - Turkey’s Significant Role in Mediterranean Gas Dynamics38:56 - Israeli-Turkish Collaborative Gas Projects39:53 - Egypt: Balancing Demographics with Gas Export Commitments43:24 - Israel’s Crucial Role in Gas Extraction in the Mediterranean49:44 - Security Measures for Israeli Gas Fields52:01 - Controversies and Disputes: A Dive into Mediterranean Gas Tensions53:20 - International Players: Their Role and Discoveries in Mediterranean Gas Exploration56:30 - Russian Energy Titans: Their Involvement in Mediterranean Gas58:06 - EU Green Deal: Implications for Future Mediterranean Gas Pipelines Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines the role of Nikolai Patrushev inside the Kremlin, focusing on his position within Russia’s Security Council, his long relationship with Vladimir Putin and his influence over the country’s security and foreign policy. The conversation explores Patrushev’s FSB legacy, his rivalry and cooperation with figures such as Sergey Naryshkin, his anti Western worldview and conspiracy narratives, and the vulnerabilities that accompany his power.Mark GaleottiMark Galeotti is a British historian, lecturer and writer who specialises in transnational crime and Russian security affairs. He is director of the consultancy Mayak Intelligence, honorary professor at the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies, a senior associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute and an associate fellow in Euro Atlantic geopolitics at the Council on Geostrategy. His commentary has appeared in outlets such as The Spectator, The Moscow Times and Foreign Affairs.Publications:Nikolai Patrushev, the man dripping poison into Putin’s earThe VoryPutin’s WarsContent00:00 - Introduction02:11 - An Overview of Russia’s Security Council05:01 - How Transparent is the Security Council?06:19 - The Patrushev-Putin Connection09:52 - Russia’s Triad of Power Sources13:04 - Patrushev’s Sons15:00 - Tracing Patrushev’s Legacy in the FSB17:42 - Diving into Patrushev’s Security Acumen19:45 - The Dynamics between Patrushev and Sergey Naryshkin22:24 - Is There a Challenger to Patrushev’s Influence?26:48 - Navigating Patrushev’s Role in Russian Foreign Policy31:15 - Has Lavrov Stepped Back for Patrushev to Lead?33:17 - Decoding Patrushev’s Anti-Western Stance38:46 - Unravelling Patrushev’s Conspiracy Narratives41:40 - Patrushev’s Counter-strategies against the West: A Look at Public Intelligence47:21 - Exploring Patrushev’s Vulnerabilities50:52 - Patrushev’s Diplomatic Outreach: Can He Forge Alliances for Russia? Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker offers a comprehensive exploration of China’s Belt and Road Initiative with Dr Ivo Ganchev, unpacking its core objectives, governance and funding, and engaging with debates around debt diplomacy and BRI’s adaptability to shifting geopolitical realities. The discussion also examines how BRI relates to BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and considers whether the EU’s Global Gateway constitutes a meaningful competitor on the global connectivity landscape.Ivo GanchevDr Ivo Ganchev is a London and Beijing based consultant, executive and specialist in International Relations who has advised multinational firms on their strategic engagement with China. Educated at Newcastle University, the London School of Economics and Peking University, he has served as Vice Chairman of the Bulgaria China Chamber of Commerce, Global Partner at TopBrand Union, and has taught at institutions including Queen Mary University of London and Beijing Foreign Studies University. His work has appeared in journals such as Strategic Analysis and World Affairs, and he is currently involved in establishing the Centre for Regional Integration, a research hub dedicated to the study of regional integration and its global implications.Content00:00 - Introduction02:08 - Overview of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)07:27 - Definition of BRI14:34 - Nature of BRI: Is it a Document, Strategy or Framework?16:20 - Beneficiaries of BRI29:08 - Governance and Transparency in BRI34:22 - Funding Sources of BRI46:00 - BRI and Debt Diplomacy51:32 - BRI Investment Studies in Chinese Universities55:45 - BRI’s Resilience to Geopolitical Changes01:01:11 - The EU’s Global Gateway: A BRI Competitor?01:09:18 - Synergy of BRICS, SCO, and BRI01:14:42 - Challenges and Shortcomings of BRI Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the complex relationship between Iran and Azerbaijan, tracing its historical roots and examining how ethnicity, geography and regional rivalries shape contemporary relations. The discussion considers the position of the Azeri minority in Iran, the Huseyniyyun Brigade, the Zangezur corridor, the Caspian Sea, Iran’s security ties with Armenia and Israel’s evolving role in the South Caucasus.Alexander GrinbergAlexander Grinberg is an Iran expert at the Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security and a captain (res.) in the Israel Defense Forces Military Intelligence research department. He holds degrees in Middle East and Islamic studies, and in Arabic language and literature, from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is a doctoral student in Iranian history at Tel Aviv University.Content00:00 Introduction01:01 Overview of Iran-Azeri Relations10:08 The Azeri Minority in Iran15:28 Reasons Behind Iran’s Avoidance of Direct Confrontation with Azerbaijan22:52 The Huseyniyyun Brigade27:57 The Zangezur Corridor29:36 Georgia’s Role in Iran-Azeri Relations32:18 Geopolitics of the Caspian Sea34:28 Iranian Secret Service Operations in Azerbaijan37:54 Ensuring Armenian Security for Iranian Interests40:44 The Relationship between Israel and Armenia42:59 The Significance of the Nakhchivan Region48:07 Iran’s Military Base in Armenia49:40 Major Global Powers and Their Influence in the Caucasus52:55 Israeli Foreign Policy vis-à-vis Azerbaijan56:12 Azeri Foreign Policy and Its Stance towards Israel Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker examines Saudi Arabia’s evolving national identity and foreign policy with Dr Aziz Alghashian, focusing on its self-perception as defender of the Muslim world, custodian of Mecca and an often misunderstood actor in Western diplomacy. The discussion explores Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s influence on Saudi identity, the implications of the Abraham Accords, relations with Israel, Syria and Iran, debates over regional security architectures, and the kingdom’s role in energy transition and counterterrorism.Aziz AlghashianDr Aziz Alghashian is a Saudi scholar of Middle Eastern politics who specialises in Saudi foreign policy, particularly Saudi policy towards Israel and wider Arab–Israeli relations. He obtained his PhD in International Relations from the University of Essex in 2019 and has taught International Relations, Politics and Middle Eastern Studies for several years. His research focuses on the often subtle and informal forms of Saudi–Israeli engagement, and he regularly provides expert commentary for media outlets such as France 24, Sky, the BBC, Forces TV and Russia Today.Content00:00 - Introduction01:50 - Saudi Arabia’s Role as Muslim World’s Defender05:31 - Custodianship of Mecca: Saudi Arabia’s Responsibility10:15 - Western Diplomacy with Saudi Arabia: A Misunderstood Approach?13:41 - Mohammed bin Salman: The Man Behind Saudi Identity16:23 - National Support for Mohammed bin Salman19:02 - Misconceptions about Saudi Identity in the West and Asia20:56 - The Abraham Accords: Repercussions for the Middle East26:16 - The Saudi-Israel Relationship31:49 - Divisions in Israeli Society: Implications for Saudi Foreign Policy37:07 - The Palestinian Dilemma: Why Isn’t Saudi Arabia Doing More?41:34 - The Saudi-Syrian Relationship46:38 - Saudi-Iranian Power Dynamics50:28 - Impact of the Assad Regime on Saudi Politics54:16 - Saudi Arabia’s Stance on Regime Change in Iran57:12 - A Security Pact for the Middle East01:00:51 - Belt and Road Initiative: Saudi Arabia’s Involvement01:03:33 - Saudi Arabia and the BRICS Nations01:06:46 - Saudi Arabia’s Journey Towards Sustainable Energy01:11:14 - Saudi Arabia’s Role in Counterterrorism Efforts Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the world of Russia’s high society, from philanthropy and the “genetic” dimensions of wealth to gender roles, generational divides and the everyday lives of the rich. The discussion follows Dr Elisabeth Schimpfössl’s research journey, examining how she gained access to affluent interviewees, why politics and business were set aside, how she handled accusations of being “pro Kremlin,” and what her findings reveal about oligarchs and the broader Russian elite.Elisabeth SchimpfösslDr Elisabeth Schimpfössl is the author of the acclaimed book Rich Russians: From Oligarchs to Bourgeoisie, published by Oxford University Press in 2018. The book received the 2019 Women’s Forum Book Prize from the British Association of Slavonic and East European Studies and has been reviewed in outlets such as The Guardian, The Financial Times, Foreign Affairs and Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.Content00:00 - Introduction01:36 - Research Inspiration: Russian High Society05:27 - Engaging with Russia’s Affluent Individuals08:41 - Unveiling the Reasons for Participating in Interviews11:10 - Why Sidestep Politics and Business?14:07 - The Duration of Interviews14:17 - Interview Methodology: In-person or Online?15:02 - Choice of Language: Russian or English?15:42 - Crafting the Opening Question17:55 - Any Encounters with the ‘Thieves in Law’?18:41 - Surprising Responses and Reactions24:00 - Emotional Response during Interviews26:37 - Analysing the Collected Data30:27 - Confronting ‘Pro-Kremlin’ Label Accusations35:15 - The ‘Genetic’ Factor in Russian Wealth36:53 - Philanthropy’s Role in Russian High Society40:58 - Women in the Realm of Russian Wealth42:01 - Offspring of Affluence and Society46:56 - The Wealthy Russian Generation Divide49:40 - Perception of Oligarchs: Before and After53:25 - Western Academia and the Oligarch Understanding56:25 - Elisabeth’s Gains: Research Insights and Russian Elite Understanding Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode of The IR thinker explores the shifting geopolitics of the Arctic with Professor Klaus Dodds, examining how climate change, great-power rivalry and evolving governance arrangements are transforming the region’s strategic significance. The conversation considers the role and limits of the Arctic Council, rising tensions among Arctic and non-Arctic states, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, the influence of non-state actors and the Arctic’s place in global energy security, before turning to key unanswered research questions in Arctic studies.Klaus DoddsProfessor Klaus Dodds is Executive Dean for the School of Life Sciences and Environment and Professor of Geopolitics at Royal Holloway, University of London. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, the Royal Geographical Society, the Regional Studies Association and an Honorary Fellow of the British Antarctic Survey. His public roles include serving as a specialist adviser to the UK Parliament and working with NATO’s Strategic Foresight Analysis and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs on post-Covid futures.Publications:Border WarsIce humanitiesIce - Nature and CultureContent00:00 - Introduction02:06 - Evolution of Arctic’s Strategic Importance07:35 - Absence of Ex-Soviet States in Arctic Ownership11:07 - Influence of Climate Change on Arctic Geopolitics16:23 - Safeguarding Arctic Indigenous Communities19:27 - Role of the Arctic Council23:24 - Historical Trajectory of the Arctic Council27:44 - Arctic Governance: Positive Outcomes of the Arctic Council31:37 - Key Drivers of Tension in the Arctic38:25 - China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Arctic43:40 - Influence of Non-State Actors in the Arctic48:22 - The Arctic’s Role in States’ Energy Security53:12 - Unanswered Research Questions in Arctic Studies Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.