Stuff You Missed in History Class

Tracy talks with Nate DiMeo about podcasting, varying approaches to talking about history, and his new book, "The Memory Palace." You can find the book "The Memory Palace" wherever books are sold; it's out on November 19. The podcast The Memory Palace is available at https://thememorypalace.us/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sir Hans Sloane’s legacy is a bit mixed. He is the reason there’s a British Museum, but there are a lot of problematic aspects to the way he gathered his collection. Research: Blair, Molly. “350 years of the Chelsea Physic Garden: A brief history.” Gardens Illustrated. https://www.gardensillustrated.com/features/chelsea-physic-garden-350 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sir-Hans-Sloane-Baronet Delbourgo, James. “Collecting the World: Hans Sloane and the Origins of the British Museum.” Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press, 2017. “Health in the 17th Royal Museums Greenwich. https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/health-17th-century “Introducing Sir Hans Sloane.” The Sloane Letters Project. https://sloaneletters.com/about-sir-hans-sloane/ Lemonius, Michele. “‘Deviously Ingenious’: British Colonialism in Jamaica.” Peace Research, vol. 49, no. 2, 2017, pp. 79–103. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44779908 “London, January 13.” The Derby Mercury. Jan. 12, 1753. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394230860/?match=1&terms=Sir%20Hans%20Sloane Pavid, Katie. “Hans Sloane: Physician, collector and botanist.” National History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/hans-sloane-physician-collector-botanist.html “Sir Hans Sloane.” Sir Hans Sloane Centre. https://sirhanssloanecentre.co.uk/who-is-hans-sloane/ “Sir Hans Sloane.” The British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/about-us/british-museum-story/sir-hans-sloane Stearns, Raymond Phinneas. “James Petiver Promoter of Natural Science, c.1663-1718.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society. October 1952. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44807240.pdf See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2018 episode covers the craze in the 1800s when orchids became a status symbol and the cornerstone of a high-dollar industry. Collecting the plants involved adventure and excitement -- and a high death rate.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly talks about the bias against Lyon in his bank robbing trial. Tracy talks about the way other podcasts that cover history are made, and the dynamics of the Manson family.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy speaks with Toby Ball, creator and host of the podcast Rip Current, which explores the story of the two assassination attempts against President Gerald Ford that were carried out less than three weeks apart in 1975. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first recorded bank robbery in the U.S. resulted in the wrong man sitting in jail, a very strange confession, and a serious lawsuit for the administrators of the bank that was robbed. Research: Avery, Ron. “America’s First Bank Robbery.” Carpenters’ Hall. https://www.carpentershall.org/americas-first-bank-robbery “Democratic Mystery Unraveled.” The North American. Nov. 20, 1798. https://www.newspapers.com/image/593171719/?match=1&terms=%22isaac%20davis%22 Hunt, Kristin. “The first major bank heist in America happened 225 years ago in Philly — and the wrong guy went to prison.” Philly Voice. Aug. 31, 2023. https://www.phillyvoice.com/first-bank-robbery-us-philly-carpenters-hall-patrick-lyon/ Lloyd, Thomas. “Robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania in 1798. The Trial in the Supreme Court of the State of Pennsylvania. Reported from the Notes by T. Lloyd. Upon Which the President of That Bank, the Cashier, One of the Directors (Who Was an Alderman) and Another Person Who Was the High Constable of Philadelphia; Were Sentenced to Pay Patrick Lyon Twelve Thousand Dollars Damages, for a False and Malicious Prosecution against Him, without Either Reasonable or Probable Cause.” Philadelphia: Printed for the publishers. 1808. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=WfcdAAAAMAAJ&rdid=book-WfcdAAAAMAAJ&rdot=1 Lyon, Patrick. “The narrative of Patrick Lyon, who suffered three months severe imprisonment in Philadelphia gaol; on merely a vague suspicion, of being concerned in the robbery of the Bank of Pennsylvania: : with his remarks thereon.” Philadelphia. Francis and Robert Bailey. 1799. Accessed online: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N26860.0001.001/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext “Pat Lyon at the Forge.” MFABoston. https://collections.mfa.org/objects/34216/pat-lyon-at-the-forge?ctx=797a5f9d-a27a-4ae4-996d-f277ad579544&idx=0 Rakich, Whitney, PhD. “Patrick Lyon (1769-1829).” Mount Vernon. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/patrick-lyon-1769-1829#note2 “Well-known Tenants of Carpenters' Hall.” Carpenters Hall. https://www.carpentershall.org/tenants Xiang, Enya. “Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia: A Crossroads for Early American History.” Global Philadelphia. Aug. 11, 2023. https://globalphiladelphia.org/news/carpenters-hall-philadelphia-crossroads-early-american-history See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2020 episode covers the life of the man who created Dracula. But even Bram Stoker's own life story - at least as he told it - may have some fictional elements.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly shares some of the theories about the Brown Lady photographers that characterizes them as charlatans. Tracy and Holly also share their experiences with possible ghosts. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part two of our week of ghosts is all about one spirit – this time, a poltergeist. People have been arguing over this one since the 1660s, including some prominent skeptics and supporters. Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it’s Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World’s Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that’s become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography’ images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth’: conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World’s Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World’s Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it’s just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part one of our Halloween finale on British Isles ghosts features two very classic ghost tales: the brown lady of Raynham Hall and the ghosts of of Ballygally Castle. Research: Aldridge, Alfred Owen. “Franklin and the Ghostly Drummer of Tedworth.” The William and Mary Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 4, 1950, pp. 559–67. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1917046 “Ballygally Castle Hotel and it’s Ghost Room.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/ballygally-castle-hotel-and-its-ghost-room/ Belanger, Jeff. “World’s Most Haunted Places.” Rosen Publishing Group. 2009. "A blow at modern Sadducism in some philosophical considerations about witchcraft. To which is added, the relation of the fam'd disturbance by the drummer, in the house of Mr. John Mompesson, with some reflections on drollery and atheisme. / By a member of the Royal Society.." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A70179.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Briggs, Stacia. “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Norfolk Folklore Society. Dec. 3, 2023. https://www.norfolkfolkloresociety.co.uk/post/the-brown-lady-ghost-of-raynham-hall Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Joseph Glanvill". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Glanvill “The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” UK Paranormal Society. https://ukparanormalsociety.org/encyclopedia/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall/ “The day a Country Life photographer captured an image of a ghost, a picture that’s become one of the most famous ‘spirit photography’ images of all time.” Country Life. Oct. 31, 2022. https://www.countrylife.co.uk/nature/the-day-a-country-life-photographer-captured-an-image-of-a-ghost-234642 Dorney, John. “The Plantation of Ulster: A Brief Overview.” The Irish Story. June 2, 2024. https://www.theirishstory.com/2024/06/02/the-plantation-of-ulster-a-brief-overview/ Hunter, Michael (2005) New light on the ‘Drummer of Tedworth’: conflicting narratives of witchcraft in Restoration England. London: Birkbeck ePrints. http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/archive/00000250 Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.” London. 1852. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24518/24518-h/24518-h.htm Mantell, Rowan and Siofra Connor. “Weird Norfolk: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.” Eastern Daily Press. August 4, 2018. Miles, Abraham. "Wonder of wonders being a true relation of the strange and invisible beating of a drum, at the house of John Mompesson, Esquire, at Tidcomb, in the county of Wilt-shire ... : to the tune of Bragandary / by Abraham Miles." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A50850.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. “On Wednesday Night died at his Seat … “The Derby Mercury. June 29, 1738. https://www.newspapers.com/image/394517191/?match=1&terms=Raynham%20Hall “Settlers, Sieges and Spirits: The Story of Ballygally Castle.” Ballygally Castle Hotel. https://www.ballygallycastlehotel.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/heritage-leaflet_ballygally-web.pdf Smith, Edd. “The Vast History of Raynham Hall.” BBC. May 20, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/norfolk/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8058000/8058145.stm Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World’s Most Infamous Ghost.” Norfolk Record Office Blog. July 31, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/07/31/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost/ Spirit, L. “THE BROWN LADY OF RAYNHAM HALL: The World’s Most Infamous Ghost (continued).” Norfolk Record Office Blog. August 14, 2024. https://norfolkrecordofficeblog.org/2024/08/14/the-brown-lady-of-raynham-hall-the-worlds-most-infamous-ghost-continued/ Wade, Mike. “Ultimate proof that ghosts exist, or maybe it’s just dust on the lens.” The Times. March 27, 2009. https://www.thetimes.com/article/ultimate-proof-that-ghosts-exist-or-maybe-its-just-dust-on-the-lens-5xt5v03kk8k Webster, John. “The Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft.” 1677. 2024 eBook accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/72654/pg72654-images.html “What was the Plantation of Ulster?” BBC Bitesize. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z2bgsrd Wright, Dudley. “The Epworth Phenomena, To which are appended certain Psychic Experiences recorded by John Wesley in the pages of his Journal .” Accessed online: https://mail.gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301311.txt See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode covers the story of Zona Heaster Shue's death and subsequent appearances to her mother as an apparition. This story is often referred to as the only case in the U.S. when a ghost’s testimony convicted a murderer. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy talks about a college course on gothic literature and a DDoS attack on archive.org. She and Holly then talk about the incongruities of Horace Walpole's personality and a handful of charming details about his life. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Part two of our episode on Horace Walpole gets into the gothic literature and gothic castles his life is associated with, including his own eclectic and impressive home, Strawberry Hill. Research: "Horace Walpole." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010882/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=37ba7a42. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. "Walpole, Horace." American Revolution Reference Library, edited by Barbara Bigelow, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, Vol. 2, UXL, 2000, pp. 459-465. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3411900071/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9d8ef915. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. Bladen, “Anne Seymour Damer: the 'Sappho' of sculpture.” ArtUK. 2/7/2020. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/anne-seymour-damer-the-sappho-of-sculpture Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Horace Walpole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Walpole. Accessed 2 October 2024. Chapman, Caroline. “Horace to Horace.” History Today. May 2014. Ellis, Kate. “Female Empowerment: The Secret in the Gothic Novel.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Fall 2010. Exploring Surrey’s Past. “Horace Walpole (1717-1797).” https://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/notable_residents/walpole/ Haggerty, George E. “Queering Horace Walpole.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Summer, 2006. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844520 Jane Austen & Company. “Six Interesting Facts About Horace Walpole.” 12/9/2021. https://www.janeaustenandco.org/post/six-interesting-facts-about-horace-walpole Lewis, Wilmark S. “Horace Walpole Reread.” The Atlantic. July 1945. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/horace-walpole-reread/655855/ Open Anthology of Literature in English. “Horace Walpole.” https://virginia-anthology.org/horace-walpole/ Plumb, John. "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford. Accessed 2 October 2024. Reeve, Clara. “The old English baron, by C. Reeve; also The castle of Otranto, by H. Walpole.” 1883. Scott, Walter. “Introduction.” From Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story. James Ballantine and Company. 1811. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QXw4AAAAYAAJ Silver, Sean R. “Visiting Strawberry Hill: Horace Walpole’s Gothic Historiography.” Eighteenth Century Fiction, Volume 21, Number 4, Summer 2009, pp. 535-564 (Article). https://doi.org/10.1353/ecf.0.0079 Stuart, Dorothy Margaret. “Horace Walpole.” New York, Macmillan, 1927. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpole0000stua_d6s4/ Thorpe, Vanessa. “Letters reveal the dispute that pushed poet Thomas Chatterton to the brink.” The Guardian. 10/29/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/oct/29/letters-reveal-the-dispute-that-pushed-poet-thomas-chatterton-to-the-brink Vickery, Amanda. “Horace Walpole and Strawberry Hill.” The Guardian. 2/19/2010. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/20/horace-walpole-strawberry-hill Viseltear, A J. “The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole.” The Yale journal of biology and medicine vol. 56,2 (1983): 131-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589702/ Walker, Susan. “24. Choice 14: Walpole’s Chattertoniana.” Horace Walpole at 300. https://campuspress.yale.edu/walpole300/tag/thomas-chatterton/ Walpole, Horace and L.B. Seeley. “Horace Walpole and his world.” New York, C. Scribner's Sons. 1895. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpolehis00wal Walpole, Horace. “A description of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham, Middlesex : with an inventory of the furniture, pictures, curiosities, &c.” Strawberry-Hill : Printed by Thomas Kirgate. 1784. https://archive.org/details/descriptionofvil00walp_0/page/n175/mode/1up Walpole, Horace. “Letters to Sir Horace Mann.” Vol. IV. London, 1843. https://archive.org/details/letterstosirhor00walpgoog/ Wood, Betty. "Slavery in Colonial Georgia." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 September 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-colonial-georgia/. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Horace Walpole is best known for his gothic novel "The Castle of Otranto," but he lived a lot of life before that. The first part of this two-parter covers his early life, his travels with his friend Thomas Gray, and his time in Parliament. Research: "Horace Walpole." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010882/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=37ba7a42. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. "Walpole, Horace." American Revolution Reference Library, edited by Barbara Bigelow, et al., vol. 2: Biographies, Vol. 2, UXL, 2000, pp. 459-465. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3411900071/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9d8ef915. Accessed 23 Sept. 2024. Bladen, “Anne Seymour Damer: the 'Sappho' of sculpture.” ArtUK. 2/7/2020. https://artuk.org/discover/stories/anne-seymour-damer-the-sappho-of-sculpture Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Horace Walpole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Horace-Walpole. Accessed 2 October 2024. Chapman, Caroline. “Horace to Horace.” History Today. May 2014. Ellis, Kate. “Female Empowerment: The Secret in the Gothic Novel.” Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Fall 2010. Exploring Surrey’s Past. “Horace Walpole (1717-1797).” https://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/themes/people/notable_residents/walpole/ Haggerty, George E. “Queering Horace Walpole.” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Summer, 2006. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844520 Jane Austen & Company. “Six Interesting Facts About Horace Walpole.” 12/9/2021. https://www.janeaustenandco.org/post/six-interesting-facts-about-horace-walpole Lewis, Wilmark S. “Horace Walpole Reread.” The Atlantic. July 1945. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/horace-walpole-reread/655855/ Open Anthology of Literature in English. “Horace Walpole.” https://virginia-anthology.org/horace-walpole/ Plumb, John. "Robert Walpole, 1st earl of Orford". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Sep. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford. Accessed 2 October 2024. Reeve, Clara. “The old English baron, by C. Reeve; also The castle of Otranto, by H. Walpole.” 1883. Scott, Walter. “Introduction.” From Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story. James Ballantine and Company. 1811. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QXw4AAAAYAAJ Silver, Sean R. “Visiting Strawberry Hill: Horace Walpole’s Gothic Historiography.” Eighteenth Century Fiction, Volume 21, Number 4, Summer 2009, pp. 535-564 (Article). https://doi.org/10.1353/ecf.0.0079 Stuart, Dorothy Margaret. “Horace Walpole.” New York, Macmillan, 1927. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpole0000stua_d6s4/ Thorpe, Vanessa. “Letters reveal the dispute that pushed poet Thomas Chatterton to the brink.” The Guardian. 10/29/2023. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/oct/29/letters-reveal-the-dispute-that-pushed-poet-thomas-chatterton-to-the-brink Vickery, Amanda. “Horace Walpole and Strawberry Hill.” The Guardian. 2/19/2010. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/feb/20/horace-walpole-strawberry-hill Viseltear, A J. “The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole.” The Yale journal of biology and medicine vol. 56,2 (1983): 131-52. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2589702/ Walker, Susan. “24. Choice 14: Walpole’s Chattertoniana.” Horace Walpole at 300. https://campuspress.yale.edu/walpole300/tag/thomas-chatterton/ Walpole, Horace and L.B. Seeley. “Horace Walpole and his world.” New York, C. Scribner's Sons. 1895. https://archive.org/details/horacewalpolehis00wal Walpole, Horace. “A description of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole, youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham, Middlesex : with an inventory of the furniture, pictures, curiosities, &c.” Strawberry-Hill : Printed by Thomas Kirgate. 1784. https://archive.org/details/descriptionofvil00walp_0/page/n175/mode/1up Walpole, Horace. “Letters to Sir Horace Mann.” Vol. IV. London, 1843. https://archive.org/details/letterstosirhor00walpgoog/ Wood, Betty. "Slavery in Colonial Georgia." New Georgia Encyclopedia, 19 September 2002, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-colonial-georgia/. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2016 episode cover the disproportionate number of executions for sorcery that happened in Vardø during Europe's witch trials, This small fishing community staged 140 trials, and sentenced 91 of the accused witches to death.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy shares her efforts to make sure the information included in our Unearthed! episodes is up to date. Talk also turns to the many works of art that have gone untracked in the world.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The second part of this installment of Unearthed! gets into the listener-favorite subject of shipwrecks, plus animals, art, edibles and potables, and the catch-all potpourri category. Research: 19 News Investigative Team. “Exhumation of Cleveland Torso Killer’s unidentified victims now underway.” https://www.cleveland19.com/2024/08/09/exhumation-cleveland-torso-killers-unidentified-victims-now-underway/ Abdallah, Hanna. “Hydraulic lift technology may have helped build Egypt’s iconic Pyramid of Djoser.” EurekAlert. 8/5/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1051645 Addley, Esther. “Dorset ‘Stonehenge’ under Thomas Hardy’s home given protected status.” The Guardian. 9/24/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/sep/24/dorset-stonehenge-discovered-under-thomas-hardy-home-dorchester Adhi Agus Oktaviana et al, Narrative cave art in Indonesia by 51,200 years ago, Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7 Agence France-Presse. “‘Virtually intact’ wreck off Scotland believed to be Royal Navy warship torpedoed in first world war.” The Guardian. 8/17/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/aug/17/virtually-intact-wreck-off-scotland-believed-to-be-royal-navy-warship-torpedoed-in-wwi Anderson, Sonja. “A Statue of a 12-Year-Old Hiroshima Victim Has Been Stolen.” Smithsonian. 7/16/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/statue-of-a-child-killed-by-the-bombing-of-hiroshima-has-been-stolen-180984710/ Anderson, Sonja. “An 11-Year-Old Boy Rescued a Mysterious Artwork From the Dump. It Turned Out to Be a 500-Year-Old Renaissance Print.” Smithsonian. 9/17/2024 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-11-year-old-boy-rescued-a-mysterious-artwork-from-the-dump-it-turned-out-to-be-a-500-year-old-renaissance-print-180985074/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Uncover Ancient Warship’s Bronze Battering Ram, Sunk During an Epic Battle Between Rome and Carthage.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-ancient-warships-bronze-battering-ram-sunk-during-epic-battle-between-rome-and-carthage-180984983/ ANderson, Sonja. “Someone Anonymously Mailed Two Bronze Age Axes to a Museum in Ireland.” Smithsonian. 7/15/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/two-anonymously-sent-bronze-age-axes-arrive-at-an-irish-museum-in-a-pancake-box-180984704/ Anderson, Sonja. “These Signed Salvador Dalí Prints Were Forgotten in a Garage for Half a Century.” Smithsonian. 8/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-signed-salvador-dali-prints-were-forgotten-in-a-garage-for-half-a-century-180984994/ Anderson, Sonja. “What Is the Secret Ingredient Behind Rembrandt’s Golden Glow?.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-secret-ingredient-behind-rembrandt-golden-glow-180984816/ “Jamestown DNA helps solve a 400-year-old mystery and unexpectedly reveals a family secret.” Phys.org. 8/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-08-jamestown-dna-year-mystery-unexpectedly.html#google_vignette Ariane E. Thomas et al, The Dogs of Tsenacomoco: Ancient DNA Reveals the Presence of Local Dogs at Jamestown Colony in the Early Seventeenth Century, American Antiquity (2024). DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.25 Artnet “Previously Unknown Mozart Composition Turns Up in a German Library.” 9/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/unheard-mozart-composition-manuscript-found-leipzig-2540432 ArtNet News. “Conservation of a Rubens Masterpiece Turns Up Hidden Alterations.” Artnet. 6/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rubens-judgement-of-paris-conservation-national-gallery-2501839 Artnet News. “Gardner Museum Is Renovating the Room That Witnessed a Notorious Heist.” 9/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gardner-museum-renovate-dutch-room-2538856 Benzine, Vittoria. “Turkish Archaeologists Uncover Millefiori Glass Panels for the First Time.” Artnet. 9/12/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/millefiori-glass-panels-turkey-2535407 Binswanger, Julia. “A Thief Replaced This Iconic Churchill Portrait With a Fake. Two Years Later, the Original Has Been Recovered.” Smithsonian. 9/16/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-thief-replaced-this-iconic-churchill-portrait-with-a-fake-two-years-later-the-original-has-been-recovered-180985075/ Binswanger, Julia. “A Viking-Era Vessel Found in Scotland a Decade Ago Turns Out to Be From Asia.” Smithsonian. 9/4/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-viking-era-vessel-found-in-scotland-a-decade-ago-turns-out-to-be-from-asia-180985021/ Binswanger, Julia. “Hidden Self-Portrait by Norman Cornish Discovered Behind Another Painting .” Smithsonian. 7/24/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-hidden-norman-cornish-self-portrait-is-discovered-on-the-back-of-a-painting-180984741/ Binswanger, Julia. “Students Stumble Upon a Message in a Bottle Written by a French Archaeologist 200 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 9/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/students-discover-french-archaeo

Part one of this edition of Unearthed! is mostly updates - about two-thirds of the episode. The rest is weapons, medicine, and books and letters. Research: 19 News Investigative Team. “Exhumation of Cleveland Torso Killer’s unidentified victims now underway.” https://www.cleveland19.com/2024/08/09/exhumation-cleveland-torso-killers-unidentified-victims-now-underway/ Abdallah, Hanna. “Hydraulic lift technology may have helped build Egypt’s iconic Pyramid of Djoser.” EurekAlert. 8/5/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1051645 Addley, Esther. “Dorset ‘Stonehenge’ under Thomas Hardy’s home given protected status.” The Guardian. 9/24/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/sep/24/dorset-stonehenge-discovered-under-thomas-hardy-home-dorchester Adhi Agus Oktaviana et al, Narrative cave art in Indonesia by 51,200 years ago, Nature (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7 Agence France-Presse. “‘Virtually intact’ wreck off Scotland believed to be Royal Navy warship torpedoed in first world war.” The Guardian. 8/17/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/aug/17/virtually-intact-wreck-off-scotland-believed-to-be-royal-navy-warship-torpedoed-in-wwi Anderson, Sonja. “A Statue of a 12-Year-Old Hiroshima Victim Has Been Stolen.” Smithsonian. 7/16/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/statue-of-a-child-killed-by-the-bombing-of-hiroshima-has-been-stolen-180984710/ Anderson, Sonja. “An 11-Year-Old Boy Rescued a Mysterious Artwork From the Dump. It Turned Out to Be a 500-Year-Old Renaissance Print.” Smithsonian. 9/17/2024 https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-11-year-old-boy-rescued-a-mysterious-artwork-from-the-dump-it-turned-out-to-be-a-500-year-old-renaissance-print-180985074/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Uncover Ancient Warship’s Bronze Battering Ram, Sunk During an Epic Battle Between Rome and Carthage.” Smithsonian. 8/28/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-uncover-ancient-warships-bronze-battering-ram-sunk-during-epic-battle-between-rome-and-carthage-180984983/ ANderson, Sonja. “Someone Anonymously Mailed Two Bronze Age Axes to a Museum in Ireland.” Smithsonian. 7/15/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/two-anonymously-sent-bronze-age-axes-arrive-at-an-irish-museum-in-a-pancake-box-180984704/ Anderson, Sonja. “These Signed Salvador Dalí Prints Were Forgotten in a Garage for Half a Century.” Smithsonian. 8/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-signed-salvador-dali-prints-were-forgotten-in-a-garage-for-half-a-century-180984994/ Anderson, Sonja. “What Is the Secret Ingredient Behind Rembrandt’s Golden Glow?.” Smithsonian. 8/1/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-secret-ingredient-behind-rembrandt-golden-glow-180984816/ “Jamestown DNA helps solve a 400-year-old mystery and unexpectedly reveals a family secret.” Phys.org. 8/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-08-jamestown-dna-year-mystery-unexpectedly.html#google_vignette Ariane E. Thomas et al, The Dogs of Tsenacomoco: Ancient DNA Reveals the Presence of Local Dogs at Jamestown Colony in the Early Seventeenth Century, American Antiquity (2024). DOI: 10.1017/aaq.2024.25 Artnet “Previously Unknown Mozart Composition Turns Up in a German Library.” 9/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/unheard-mozart-composition-manuscript-found-leipzig-2540432 ArtNet News. “Conservation of a Rubens Masterpiece Turns Up Hidden Alterations.” Artnet. 6/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rubens-judgement-of-paris-conservation-national-gallery-2501839 Artnet News. “Gardner Museum Is Renovating the Room That Witnessed a Notorious Heist.” 9/18/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gardner-museum-renovate-dutch-room-2538856 Benzine, Vittoria. “Turkish Archaeologists Uncover Millefiori Glass Panels for the First Time.” Artnet. 9/12/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/millefiori-glass-panels-turkey-2535407 Binswanger, Julia. “A Thief Replaced This Iconic Churchill Portrait With a Fake. Two Years Later, the Original Has Been Recovered.” Smithsonian. 9/16/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-thief-replaced-this-iconic-churchill-portrait-with-a-fake-two-years-later-the-original-has-been-recovered-180985075/ Binswanger, Julia. “A Viking-Era Vessel Found in Scotland a Decade Ago Turns Out to Be From Asia.” Smithsonian. 9/4/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-viking-era-vessel-found-in-scotland-a-decade-ago-turns-out-to-be-from-asia-180985021/ Binswanger, Julia. “Hidden Self-Portrait by Norman Cornish Discovered Behind Another Painting .” Smithsonian. 7/24/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-hidden-norman-cornish-self-portrait-is-discovered-on-the-back-of-a-painting-180984741/ Binswanger, Julia. “Students Stumble Upon a Message in a Bottle Written by a French Archaeologist 200 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 9/25/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/students-discover-french-archaeologists-200-year-old-message-in-a-bott

This 2016 episode covers Desmond T. Doss, the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly talks about the details of the typewriter evidence that was used in the Alger Hiss case. She and Tracy also talk the relationships among sources on Carlo Gesualdo's story. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Carlo Gesualdo’s madrigals are unique and captivating. But he was seen by many as a monster in his own time due to a double murder and associations with witchcraft. Research: Burton-Hill, Clemency. “Gesualdo: Glorious music and grisly murder.” BBC. Oct. 21, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20130905-a-16th-century-musical-badass Caccese, Andrea. “Carlo Gesualdo: the ‘Madman’ of the Italian Renaissance.” CMUSE. Sept. 20, 2014. https://www.cmuse.org/carlo-gesualdo-the-madman-of-the-italian-reinassance/ “Carlo Gesuald.” Philadelphia Chamber Music Society. DeVoto, Mark. "chromaticism". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Mar. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/art/chromaticism Gray, Cecil and Philip Heseltine. “Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa, Musician and Murderer.” Greenwood Press. Westport, Connecticut. 1971. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/carlogesualdopri0000gray/page/n7/mode/1up Haar, James. “Classicism and Mannerism in 16th-Century Music.” International Review of Music Aesthetics and Sociology, vol. 1, no. 1, 1970, pp. 55–68. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/836396 LEVENBERG J. Was Carlo Gesualdo’s Honour Killing Liturgical? Journal of the Royal Musical Association. Published online 2024:1-32. doi:10.1017/rma.2023.4 Ober, William B., M.D. “CARLO GESUALDO, PRINCE OF VENOSA: MURDER, MADRIGALS, AND MASOCHISM.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 1973 Jul;49(7):634-645. PMID: 4575970; PMCID: PMC1807043. Ross, Alex. “Prince of Darkness.’ New Yorker. December 11, 2011. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/12/19/prince-of-darkness Stevens, Denis. “Carlo Gesualdo.” The Musical Times, vol. 131, no. 1770, 1990, pp. 410–11. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/966618 Turci-Escobar, John. “Softening the Edges: Cadential Attenuation in Gesualdo’s Six Books of Madrigals.” Theory and Practice, vol. 32, 2007, pp. 101–35. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41054417 Watkins, Glenn. “The Gesualdo Hex.” W.W. Norton. 2010. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Alger Hiss worked in high-level roles in the U.S. government during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. And then he was accused of using his access to spy for the Soviets. Research: “Alger Hiss.” FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alger-hiss “A Byte Out of History, the Alger Hiss Story.” FBI. Jan. 25, 2013. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/a-byte-out-of-history-the-alger-hiss-story Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Alger Hiss". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alger-Hiss Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Whittaker Chambers". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Whittaker-Chambers Chambers, Whittaker. “The Ghosts on the Roof.” Time. 5, 1948. https://time.com/archive/6784924/the-ghosts-on-the-roof/ Mark, Eduard. “In ReAlger Hiss: A Final Verdict from the Archives of the KGB.” Journal of Cold War Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, 2009, pp. 26–67. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923052 Fox, John F. Jr. “In the Enemy’s House: Venona and the Maturation of American Counterintelligence.” FBI.gov. Oct. 27, 2005. https://www.fbi.gov/history/history-publications-reports/in-the-enemys-house-venona-and-the-maturation-of-american-counterintelligence Hadley, David. “The Long Controversy Over Alger Hiss.” Teaching American History. Jan. 21, 2020. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/blog/the-long-controversy-over-alger-hiss/ “KGB interviews GRU agent and net controller name ALES 30 March 1945.” https://media.defense.gov/2021/Aug/01/2002818545/-1/-1/0/30MAR_KGB_INTERVIEWS_GRU_AGENT.PDF Rowe, Daniel, and Sarah Fagg, ed. “Alger Hiss and American Anti-communism.” New Histories. Vol. 3, Issue 5. https://newhistories.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/volumes/2011-12/volume-3/issue-5-crime-punishment/alger-hiss-and-american-anti-communism Sander, Gordon F. “Microfilm hidden in a pumpkin launched Richard Nixon’s career 75 years ago.” New York Times. Dec. 2, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/12/02/pumpkin-papers-richard-nixon/ “Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies: Alger Hiss.” NOVA. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html “The Yalta Conference.” U.S. State Department, Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/yalta-conf#:~:text=At%20Yalta%2C%20Roosevelt%20and%20Churchill,of%20influence%20in%20Manchuria%20following See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2017 episode covers the moment in 1789 when a group of protesters -- mostly women -- marched from Paris to Versailles to pressure King Louis XVI to address France's food shortage.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly shares a story that appeared in a U.S. newspaper about Wawel that she was never able to substantiate. Tracy talks about wanting to cover animal trials while also not wanting to get too gory. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

There are some parallels between historical witch trials and trials of non-human animals in the same period, with a lot of the same procedures as were used when human beings were charged with a crime. Research: Sonya. “When Societies Put Animals on Trial.” JSTOR Daily. 9/13/2017. https://daily.jstor.org/when-societies-put-animals-on-trial/ Simon, Matt. “Fantastically Wrong: Europe's Insane History of Putting Animals on Trial and Executing Them.” Wired. 9/24/2014. https://www.wired.com/2014/09/fantastically-wrong-europes-insane-history-putting-animals-trial-executing/ MacGregor, L., (2019) “Criminalising Animals in Medieval France: Insights from Records of Executions”, Open Library of Humanities 5(1), 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.16995/olh.319 Macías, Francisco. “Animals on Trial: Formal Legal Proceedings, Criminal Acts, and Torts of Animals.” 2/9/2016. Library of Congress Blogs. https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2016/02/animals-on-trial/ Beirnes, Piers. “The Law is an Ass: Reading E.P. Evans’ ‘The Medieval Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals.’” Society and Animals. Vol. 2, No. 1. https://www.animalsandsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/beirnes.pdf net. “Medieval Animal Trials.” 9/2013. https://www.medievalists.net/2013/09/medieval-animal-trials/ MacGregor, Lesley Bates. “Criminalising Animals in Medieval France: Insights from Records of Executions.” Open Library of Humanities, Vol.5 (2019). https://olh.openlibhums.org/article/id/4552/ Chambers, R. “The Book of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in connection with the Calendar.” London & Edinburgh. W&R Chambers. Vol. 1. 1879. https://archive.org/details/b22650477_0001/ McWilliams, James. “Beastly Justice.” Slate. 2/21/2013. https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/02/medieval-animal-trials-why-theyre-not-quite-as-crazy-as-they-sound.html Humphrey, Nicholas. “Bugs and Beasts Before the Law.” The Public Domain Review. 3/27/2011. https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/bugs-and-beasts-before-the-law/ Lee, Alexander. “Pigs Might Try.” History Today. Vol. 70, Issue 11, November 2020. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/natural-histories/pigs-might-try Girgen, Jen. “The Historical and Contemporary Prosecution and Punishment of Animals.” Animal Law Review at Lewis & Clark Law School. Vol. 9:97 (2003). https://www.animallaw.info/article/historical-and-contemporary-prosecution-and-punishment-animals Friedland, Paul. “Beyond Deterrence: Cadavers, Effigies, Animals and the Logic of Executions in Premodern France.” Historical Reflections / Réflexions Historiques , Summer 2003, Vol. 29, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41299274 Leeson, Peter T. “Vermin Trials.” The Journal of Law & Economics , Vol. 56, No. 3 (August 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/671480 Ewald, Willam. “Comparative Jurisprudence (I): What Was It like to Try a Rat?” University of Pennsylvania Law Review , Jun., 1995, Vol. 143, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3312588 Sykes, Katie. “Human Drama, Animal Trials: What the Medieval Animal Trials Can Teach Us About Justice for Animals.” Animal Law Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, p. 273, 2011. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1999081 Srivastava, Anila. “’Mean, dangerous, and uncontrollable beasts’: Mediaeval Animal Trials.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal , March 2007. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44030162 Soderberg, Bailey. “Reassessing Animals and Potential Legal Personhood.” Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, Winter 2022, Vol. 24, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/27201415 Carson, Hampton L. “The Trial of Animals and Insects. A Little Known Chapter of Mediæval Jurisprudence.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , 1917, Vol. 56, No. 5. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/984029 Hyde, Walter Woodburn. “The Prosecution and Punishment of Animals and Lifeless Things in the Middle Ages and Modern Times.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register, May, 1916, Vol. 64, No. 7. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3313677 Evans, E.P. “The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals.” London : W. Heinemann. 1906. https://archive.org/details/criminalprosecut00evaniala/ Andersson, Ebba. “Murderous Pigs and Ex-Communicated Rats: Edward Payson Evans’ Handbook of Animal Trials.” Retrospect Journal. 3/7/2021. https://retrospectjournal.com/2021/03/07/murderous-pigs-and-ex-communicated-rats-edward-payson-evans-handbook-of-animal-trials/ Frank, Colin. “The pig that was not convicted of homicide, or: The first animal trial that was none.” Global Journal of Animal Law. Vol. 9. 2021. https://ojs.abo.fi/ojs/index.php/gjal/article/view/1736 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Wawel Hill in Krakow is home to the Wawel Hill complex, a historically important set of buildings that are central to Poland’s history. In many ways, the story of Wawel is the story of Poland Research: “$50 Million Art Leaves Quebec for Poland via Boston.” The Boston Globe. Jan. 3 1961. https://www.newspapers.com/image/433010907/?match=1&terms=poland%20quebec Biskupski, M. B. “Re-Creating Central Europe: The United States ‘Inquiry’ into the Future of Poland in 1918.” The International History Review, vol. 12, no. 2, 1990, pp. 249–79. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40106179 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jadwiga". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jul. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jadwiga Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Mieszko I". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 May. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mieszko-I Butterwick, Richard. “The Constitution of 3 May 1791.” Polish History Museum. 2021. https://polishhistory.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/Konstytucja_en_www.pdf “Historic Polish Crown Found in Trunk of Tree Uproooted by Storm.” The Buffalo News. Jan. 16, 1914. https://www.newspapers.com/image/352030573/?match=1&terms=%22wawel%20castle%22 “Historic Centre of Kraków.” UNESCO World Heritage Convention. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/29 “The History of the Royal Palace.” Wawel. https://wawel.krakow.pl/en/the-history-of-the-royal-palace “Krakowskie ABC.” Krakow.pl. https://www.krakow.pl/kultura/73601,artykul,krakowskie_abc.html#:~:text=Istnieje+kilka+koncepcji+wyja%C5%9Bniaj%C4%85cych+pochodzenie,od+imienia+legendarnego+ksi%C4%99cia+Kraka B. “The Partitions of Poland.” Bulletin of International News, vol. 16, no. 21, 1939, pp. 3–12. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25642594 Nungovitch, Petro Andreas. “Here All Is Poland: A Pantheonic History of Wawel, 1787-2010.” Lexington Books. 2018. “Retain Hopes of Getting Art Treasures to Poland.” The Sault Star. Sept. 21, 1960. https://www.newspapers.com/image/736942502/?match=1&terms=poland%20quebec Rhode, Gotthold K.S.. "Władysław II Jagiełło". Encyclopedia Britannica, 16 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wladyslaw-II-Jagiello Rhode, Gotthold K.S.. "Casimir III". Encyclopedia Britannica, 30 Apr. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Casimir-III Rosenthal, A.M. “Ancient Treasures Return to Poland From Canada.” The Bangor Daily News. Feb. 17, 1959. https://www.newspapers.com/image/662432249/?match=1&terms=wawel%20castle Wilk, Marcin. “KAROLINA LANCKOROŃSKA: ARISTOCRAT, SCHOLAR, AND PATRON.” Polish History. https://polishhistory.pl/karolina-lanckoronska-aristocrat-scholar-and-patron/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 episode covers work of William Maclure, who was tasked by Robert Owen with running the education system in Owens’s utopia. Maclure brought many great minds with him, and their boat was nicknamed the Boatload of Knowledge.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Holly and Tracy discuss the use of the term Anglo-Saxon and its problems. Tracy discusses the way the perception of the word communism has shifted since the 19th century. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the mid-19th century Étienne Cabet had an idea to establish a utopian society in Texas, and he moved his followers from France to do it. Things went badly, but he persisted, and established multiple communities in North America. Research: American Experience. “Timeline: The Early History of the Mormons.” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/mormons-timeline/ Beautiful Nauvoo. “Nauvoo German-Icarian History.” https://beautifulnauvoo.com/nauvoo-german-icarian-history/ Christopher E. Guthrie, “Cabet, Étienne,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed September 04, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/cabet-etienne. "Étienne Cabet." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631001065/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e54772f5. Accessed 29 Aug. 2024. JOHNSON, CHRISTOPHER H. "Cabet, Étienne." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 337-338. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3446900127/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=2e6d79bb. Accessed 29 Aug. 2024. Kagay, Donald J. “Icaria: An Aborted Utopia on the Texas Frontier.” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly , April, 2013, Vol. 116, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24388374 Last, John. “The 19th-Century Novel That Inspired a Communist Utopia on the American Frontier.” Smithsonian. 11/28/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-19th-century-novel-that-inspired-a-communist-utopia-on-the-american-frontier-icarians-180983302/ Nordhoff, Charles. “The Communistic Societies of the United States From Personal Visit and Observation.” London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1875. https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Communistic_Societies_of_the_United/EXsRAAAAYAAJ Rousselière, Damien. “’It Was Not a Failure, and It Will One Day Be Recognized as the Only Right Social Order’. On Icarian Communism.” American Communist History, 22:1-2, 51-67, DOI: 10.1080/14743892.2022.2142020 Shaw, Albert. “Icaria : a chapter in the history of communism.” New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1884. https://archive.org/details/icariachapterinh00shaw/ Sutton, Robert P. “Etienne Cabet and the Nauvoo Icarians: The Mormon Interface.” The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal , 2002. Via JSTOR. http://www.jstor.com/stable/43200389 Vallet, Emile. “Communism: history of the experiment at Nauvoo of the Icarian settlement.” Nauvoo, Illinois : Printed by The Nauvoo Rustler. 1917. https://archive.org/details/communismhistory01vall/ Wiegenstein, Steve. “The Icarians and Their Neighbors.” International Journal of Historical Archaeology , September 2006. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20853106 Winnerman, Jim. "Icarians went West in search of utopia: the colonies are long gone, but lowans recall the movement." Wild West, vol. 28, no. 4, Dec. 2015, pp. 20+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A431578978/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f46ed77e. Accessed 29 Aug. 2024. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Battle of Brunanburh took place in 937, and is often referred to as the battle that made England. But there are a LOT of questions about that battle, including how it played out and where it took place. Research: “Battle of Brunanburh.” The Anglo Saxons. https://www.theanglosaxons.com/battle-of-brunanburh-poem/ Anderson, Anne. “Battle of Brunanburh: The Site Argument.” Liverpool Daily Post. Sept. 18, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/891771637/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Blakemore, Erin. “England Was Born on This Battlefield. Why can’t historians find it?” National Geographic. May 24, 2023. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/battle-of-brunanburh-england-anglo-saxon-victory?loggedin=true&rnd=1725286067852 Bolton, W. F. “‘Variation’ in The Battle of Brunanburh.” The Review of English Studies, vol. 19, no. 76, 1968, pp. 363–72. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/512805 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Athelstan". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Athelstan Castelow, Ellen. “Battle of Brunanburh 937AD.” Historic UK. Nov. 25, 2014. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Battle-of-Brunanburh/ Cavill, P. (2022). The Battle of Brunanburh: The Yorkshire Hypothesis. English Studies, 104(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2022.2154045 Cavill, Paul. “Vikings: Fear and Faith in Anglo-Saxon England.” Harper Collins. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/-sczsteve/Cavill_2001.pdf “The Danes in Lancashire, or the Battle of Brunanburh, and the Probable Locality of the Conflict.” Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advisor. Jan. 17, 1857. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392902369/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Halloran, Kevin. “The Brunanburh Campaign: A Reappraisal.” The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 84, no. 218, 2005, pp. 133–48. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25529849 Hardwick, Charles. “Where was the Batt;e of Brunanburh fought?” The Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser. July 12, 1856. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392945292/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Livingston, Michael. “Never Greater Slaughter: Brunaburh and the Birth of England.” Osprey. 2021. Loxton, Alice. “What happened at the Battle of Brunanburh?” History Hit. Oct. 25, 2019. https://www.historyhit.com/what-happened-at-the-battle-of-brunanburh/ McDonald, J.E. “Stockport and the Battle of Brunanburh.” Wimslow and Alderley and Knutsford Advertiser. Sept. 22, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/887178425/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Neilson, Geo. “Brunanburh and Burnswork.” The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 7, no. 25, 1909, pp. 37–55. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25518148 Sartore, Melissa. “Who was the first king of England? The answer is … complicated.” National Geographic. May 2, 2023. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/premium/article/first-king-of-england-aethelstan?loggedin=true&rnd=1725286069300 Whitelock, Dorothy. "Alfred". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-king-of-Wessex WIRRAL ARCHAEOLOGY. “The search for the Battle of Brunanburh, is over.” Liverpool University Press Blog. October 21, 2019. https://liverpooluniversitypress.blog/2019/10/22/the-search-for-the-battle-of-brunanburh-is-over/ “Wirral Archaeology and the Search for the Battle of Brunanburh.” Wirral Archaeology. https://www.wirralarchaeology.org/pages/wirral-archaeology-and-the-search-for-the-battle-of-brunanburh/ “Walton-Le-Dale in the Olden Time.” The Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser. June 20, 1863. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392939927/?match=1&terms=brunanburh Wood, M. (2013). Searching for Brunanburh: The Yorkshire Context of the ‘Great War’ of 937. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 85(1), 138–159. https://doi.org/10.1179/0084427613Z.00000000021 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2019 live show was recorded at the Indiana Historical Society. it covers the two different communal societies of New Harmony, Indiana in the window from 1815-1827.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy discusses all the non-submarine history that the Narcís Monturiol episode needed. Holly talks about going into the office for the first time in a long while.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Anne Byrn stopped by the Atlanta studio to talk about her new book “Baking in the American South: 200 Recipes and Their Untold Stories.” She shares what makes Southern baking special, regional baking histories, and the origin of key lime pie.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Catalan inventor Narcís Monturiol fought for ideals like equality, freedom, and progress in the midst of a lot of social and political chaos in 19th-century upheavals in Spain and Catalonia. And then, he built submarines. Research: "Submarines." Gale World History Online Collection, Gale, 2024. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/IBQSYB773138840/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=bf089d4e. Accessed 26 Aug. 2024. “Wonderful, If True.” The Perthshire Advertiser. 1/11/1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806335027/ Burgoyne, Alan Hughes. “Submarine Navigation Past and Present.” London, G. Richards; New York, E. P. Dutton & co. 1903. https://archive.org/details/submarinenavigat0001burg/ Dunn, Rob. “The Writer Who Built the World’s First Engine-Powered Submarine.” Smithsonian. 9/17/2013. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-writer-who-built-the-worlds-first-engine-powered-submarine-8718089/ Holian, Thomas. “Monturiol: The Forgotten Submariner.” Undersea Warfare. Vol. 7, No.3. Spring 2005. Hunter, James W. III. “Reviewed Work(s): The Resurgam Submarine: A ′Project for Annoying the Enemy′ byPeter Holt.” Journal of Maritime Archaeology, Vol. 14, No. 3. December 2019. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45218707 F. “A Submarine Vessel.” Liverpool Mercury. 3/17/1866. https://www.newspapers.com/image/393326069/ Lloyd, Nick. “Exploring the Depths: The First Fully-Functional Submarine.” Metropolitan Barcelona. June 2012. https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/exploring-the-depths/ Milkofsky, Brenda. “David Bushnell and his Revolutionary Submarine.” Connecticut History. https://connecticuthistory.org/david-bushnell-and-his-revolutionary-submarine/ Puig-Pla, Carles and Antoni Roca-Rosell. “A Spanish Project for Submarine Navigation: Narcis Monturiol and the Struggle for Democracy.” Icon , 2003, Vol. 9 (2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23790674 Puig-Pla, Carles and Antoni Roca-Rosell. “Narcís Monturiol (1819–1885), pioneer of submarine navigation.” Contributions to Science. Vol. 5, No. 2. 2009. DOI: 10.2436/20.7010.01.70. Stewart, Matthew. “Monturiol’s Dream: The Submarine Inventor Who Wanted to Save the World.” London: Profile. 2004. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2013 episode covers the Mendez v. Westminster case that fought the segregation of Mexican-American students in the state of California in the 1940s. It went on pave the way for the much more famous Brown v. Topeka Board of Education.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy shares some notes about people Jovita Idar was connected to that didn't fit into her episode. Holly discusses her thoughts on the nature of Carvalho Monteiro's décor choices. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

António Augusto Carvalho Monteiro is usually described as a rich eccentric who used his money building his dream home, which he did. But he was also an accomplished naturalist, something that has been largely ignored until recent years. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "The Lusiads". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Feb. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Lusiads Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sintra". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Aug. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/place/Sintra Campos, Antonio Luis, and Goncala Pereira Rosa. “Quinta da Regaleira, the mansion and the philosopher.” National Geographic Portugal. March 29, 2022. https://www.nationalgeographic.pt/historia/quinta-da-regaleira-a-mansao-e-o-filosofo_3009 “Cultural Landscape of Sintra.” UNESCO World Heritage Convention. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/723/ Hernandez, Jo Farb. “QUINTA DA REGALEIRA.” 2016. https://www.spacesarchives.org/explore/search-the-online-collection/antonio-augusto-carvalho-monteiro-luigi-manini-quinta-da-regaleira/ Judice, Jose. “Portuguese Fake Gothic for Sale.” The Daily Times. Jan. 3, 1988. https://www.newspapers.com/image/722763006/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 “No Sedition Among Army and Navy.” Machester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. Oct. 23, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/800244390/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 “Palace and Quinta da Regaleira.” Visit Sintra. https://visitsintra.travel/en/visit/monuments/palace-and-quinta-da-regaleira “Pocket-sized Wonder.” Evening Star. March 16, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/869772337/?terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 “A Remarkable Watch.” The Wells Journal. Feb. 2, 1905. https://www.newspapers.com/image/812346661/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 Reed, Bill. “A Magical Place.” Guelph Mercury. Oct. 2, 2010. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1078331285/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 Ruggeri, Amanda. “The Hidden World of the Knights Templar.” BBC. Feb. 24, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20160510-the-hidden-world-of-the-knights-templar Silva, Lara. “The Portuguese Revolution of 5 October 1910.” Portugal.com. August 25, 2022. https://www.portugal.com/history-and-culture/the-portuguese-revolution-of-1910/ “Tact of American Ambassador Increases International Ties.” The Miami News. Jan. 20, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/298526714/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 Teixeira, Fernando and Izabela Cardosa. “The Mysterious Inverted Tower Steeped in Templar Myth.” BBC. Feb. 21, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200220-the-mysterious-inverted-tower-steeped-in-templar-myth “A Watch That Tells All.” The Ottowa Citizen. March 29, 1958. https://www.newspapers.com/image/456918242/?match=1&terms=%22Carvalho%20Monteiro%22 Worral, Simon. “The Templars Got Rich Fighting for God, Then Lost It All.” National Geographic. Sept. 23, 2017. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/knights-templar-crusades-dan-jones?loggedin=true&rnd=1724727570075 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jovita Idar was a journalist, teacher, and activist in south Texas in the early 20th century. And she was s a force to be reckoned with. Research: "Jovita Idár." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2023. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/UVOEMC160154646/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=723c10b3. Accessed 16 Aug. 2024. "The Wind That Swept Mexico." The Hispanic-American Experience, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2159000020/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4cb53122. Accessed 16 Aug. 2024. "The Wind That Swept Mexico." The Hispanic-American Experience, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2159000020/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4cb53122. Accessed 16 Aug. 2024. “Back To Their Own Hearths.” Laredo Weekly Times. 6/18/1916. “Jovita Idar.” UNLADYLIKE2020, Unladylike Productions, LLC, 2020. https://unladylike2020.com/profile/jovita-idar/ “Leo D. Walker Kidnapepd, Is Put Over Boundary Line.” Laredo Weekly Times. 6/18/1916. Buck, Daniel. “A Story Retold is a Story Improved: Jovita Idar and the Texas Rangers.” Wild West History Association Saddlebag Newsletter. March 2021. Buck, Daniel. “A Story Retold is a Story Improved: Jovita Idar and the Texas Rangers part 2.” Wild West History Association Saddlebag Newsletter. December 2021. Carrigan, Willam D. and Clive Webb. “The Lynching of Persons of Mexican Origin or Descent in the United States, 1848 to 1928.” Journal of Social History, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Winter, 2003). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790404 Cristina Lizeth Urdiales, “La Agrupación Protectora Mexicana,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 22, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/la-agrupacion-protectora-mexicana. Cynthia E. Orozco, “Idar, Clemente Nicasio,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 19, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/idar-clemente-nicasio. Herrera, Jack. “White Hats, Episode 3: La Hora de Sangre.” Texas Monthly. 11/22/2022. https://www.texasmonthly.com/podcast/white-hats-episode-3-la-hora-de-sangre/ Idar, Aquilino. “INTERVIEW WITH: Mr. Aquilino Idar I (Ike) and Guadalupe R. ” Institute of Texan Culture Oral History Office.” October 26, 1984. https://digital.utsa.edu/digital/collection/p15125coll4/id/1304/ James Spencer and R. Matt Abigail, “Antonio Gómez Lynching,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 22, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/antonio-gomez-lynching. Laredo Weekly “Lady Census-Taker.” 4/10/1910. Laredo Weekly Times. “Juarez-Idar.” 5/27/1917. Laredo Weekly Times. “New School Paper Issued.” 10/22/1911. Limon, Jose E. “El Primer Congreso Mexicanista de 1911: A Precursor to Contemporary Chicanismo.” From Latino/a thought : culture, politics, and society. Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield. 2003. Lomas, Clara. “Transborder Discourse: The Articulation of Gender in the Borderlands in the Early Twentieth Century.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, Volume 24, Number 2 & 3, 2003, pp. 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1353/fro.2004.0020 Masarik, Elizabeth Garner. “Por la Raza, Para la Raza: Jovita Idar and Progressive-Era Mexicana Maternalism along the Texas–Mexico Border.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 122, Number 3, January 2019, pp. 278-299. https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2019.0019 Medina, Jennifer. “Overlooked No More: Jovita Idár, Who Promoted Rights of Mexican-Americans and Women.” New York Times. 8/7/2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/obituaries/jovita-idar-overlooked.html Nancy Baker Jones Revised by Jessica Brannon-Wranosky, “Idár, Jovita,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 19, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/idar-jovita. Nancy Baker Jones, “Villegas de Magnon, Leonor,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 21, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/villegas-de-magnon-leonor. Nunn, Dr. Tey Marianna. “¡Que Viva Jovita! Celebrating Journalist and Activist, Jovita Idar.” Smithsonian American Women’s History Musuem. 9/11/2023. https://womenshistory.si.edu/blog/que-viva-jovita-celebrating-journalist-and-activist-jovita-idar Rebeca Anne Todd Koenig, “Rodriguez, Antonio,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed August 19, 2024, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/rodriguez-antonio. Richardson, Sarah. "TODA LA FAMILIA." American History, vol. 56, no. 2, June 2021, pp. 22+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A659491669/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4ac3c382. Accessed 16 Aug. 2024. Rogin, Ali. “Jovita Idar’s fight for the rights of women and Mexican immigrants.” PBS News Weekend. 10/1/2023. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/jovita-idars-fight-for-the-rights-of-women-and-mexican-immigrants Rolando Duarte, “Joint Committee of the Senate and the House in the Investigation of the Texas State Ranger Force [Canales Investi

This 2010 episode from prior hosts Sarah and Deblina examines how Tycho Brahe lost his nose, built the world's first observatory, and met with an untimely demise. It also has some info in the intro that wasn't known in 2010.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy discusses the difficulty in assessing the reality of Charlotte Cooper Sterry's hearing loss, and recalls a song about Martina Navratilova. Holly talks about how Richard Dadd's art didn't reflect any of his delusions or mental illness.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This one is an art episode, but also a murder episode and also a madness episode. Artist Richard Dadd's life story is quite sad, but his art remained consistently good, even at the lowest points in his life. Research: Boyce, Niall. “Ehibition: Richard Dadd—Painting From His Mind’s Eye.” The Lacet. January 22, 2011. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2811%2960065-2 “The Cobham Park Murder.” The Examiner. Sept 9, 1843. https://www.newspapers.com/image/388277729/?match=1&terms=richard%20dadd Dadd, Richard. “Halt in the Desert.” British Museum. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1987-0411-9#object-detail-data Dadd, Richard. “The Fairy Feller’s Master Stroke.” Tate Museum. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/dadd-the-fairy-fellers-master-stroke-t00598 Hall, Samuel Carter. “The Book of British Ballads.” J. How. 1842. Accessed online: https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm8sFMykgdgC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Hare, Edward. “Creativity And Mental Illness.” British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition), vol. 295, no. 6613, 1987, pp. 1587–89. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/29529224 Huddleston, S., & Russell, G. A. (2015). Richard Dadd: The Patient, the Artist, and the “Face of Madness.” Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 24(3), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/0964704X.2013.849077 Kerley, P “Richard Dadd: The art of a 'criminal lunatic' murderer.” BBC News Magazine. Nov. 13, 2015. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34722937 Lippincott, Louise. “Murder and the Fine Arts; Or, a Reassessment of Richard Dadd.” The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, vol. 16, 1988, pp. 75–94. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4166579 Munn, Geoffrey. “New Light on Dadd: George Bailey (1821–1898)by Richard Dadd (1817–86).” The British Art Journal, vol. 24, no. 2, 2023, pp. 75–76. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48760525 “The Murder of Mr. Dadd – Apprehension of Richard Dadd.” Chester Chronicle, and Chester and North Wales General Advertiser. Sept. 15, 1843. https://www.newspapers.com/image/793241104/?match=1&terms=richard%20dadd “The Parricide at Cobham Park.” Essex, Herts and Kent Mercury. Sept 19, 1843. https://www.newspapers.com/image/933363283/?match=1&terms=richard%20dadd “Richard Dadd.” Getty Museum. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103JS7 “Richard Dadd painting to return to Bethlem Hospital after 170 years.” BBC. January 6, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64155941 “The ‘Satanic’ in Newspaper Literature.” Leicester Chronicle. Sept. 16, 1843. https://www.newspapers.com/image/816920892/?match=1&terms=richard%20dadd Seifert, Ruth, et al. “Mad, Bad or Sad? Prison and Psychiatric Illness.” RSA Journal, vol. 147, no. 5490, 1999, pp. 112–21. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41378810 "’Sketch of an Idea for Crazy Jane’ by Richard Dadd.” Bethlem Museum of the Mind. https://museumofthemind.org.uk/blog/sketch-of-an-idea-for-crazy-jane-by-richard-dadd “Top 20 finds on the Antiques Roadshow.” BBC. Sept. 19, 2017. https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/antiques-roadshow-40/valuable Tromans, Nicholas. “Richard Dadd: the Artist and the Asylum,” D.A.P./Tate. 2011. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Charlotte Cooper Sterry was a tennis player who set records during her lifetime that remained unbroken for almost a century. One of them still stands. Research: Yang, Heewon, and Kelly Chandler. "Tennis." Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America, edited by Gary S. Cross, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, pp. 351-354. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3434800256/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=64f7cfa9. Accessed 15 July 2024. com. “The Oldest’ Ladies Champions.” 9/29/2017. https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2017-09-29/2017-09-29_2017-09-29_the_oldest_ladies_singles_champions.html Bennett, Courtney. "Wimbledon." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/PUXWIE130945815/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8c49dec7. Accessed 15 July 2024. Reilley, Lucas. “Tennis: The Sport that Loves to Kill Royalty.” 10/12/2018. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/560200/tennis-related-royal-deaths "Tennis." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 Mar. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Ftennis%2F108495&ebboatid=9265899. Accessed 15 Jul. 2024. Fabry, Merrill. “Why Is Tennis Scored So Weirdly?” Time. 7/14/2023. https://time.com/5040182/tennis-scoring-system-history/ “Wingfield and the birth of lawn tennis.” 5/15/2024. https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2024-05-15/wingfield_and_the_birth_of_lawn_tennis.html Smyth, J. G. "Sterry [née Cooper], Charlotte Reinagle (1870–1966), tennis player." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. October 04, 2012. Oxford University Press. Date of access 15 Jul. 2024, https://www-oxforddnb-com.proxy.bostonathenaeum.org/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-36284 Chambers, Mrs. Lambert. “Lawn Tennis for Ladies.” New York. Outing Publishing Company. 1910. https://archive.org/details/lawntennisforla00chamgoog/ Team GB. “Charlotte Cooper: The original trailblazer of women’s tennis.” 3/7/2021. https://www.teamgb.com/article/charlotte-cooper-the-original-trailblazer-of-womens-tennis/PFWDdf3Zq306yiPqsw6VA1 Little, Alan. “Wimbledon Ladies : a centenary record 1884-1984 : the Single champions.” London : Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Museum. 1984. https://archive.org/details/wimbledonladiesc0000litt/ Myers, Arthur Wallis. “Lawn Tennis at Home and Abroad.” Scribner’s. 1903. https://archive.org/details/lawntennisathom00myergoog/ Hillyard, George Whiteside. “Forty Years of First-class Lawn Tennis.” Williams & Norgate. 1924. https://books.google.com/books?id=lHtYAAAAYAAJ Weaver, Harry. “’Chattie’ the Champion.” The London Observer. 6/27/1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/258000462/ Robyns, Gwen. “Wimbledon; the hidden drama.” Newton Abbot, David & Charles. 1973. Troy Lennon History Editor. "First woman Olympic tennis champ was deaf". The Daily Telegraph (Australia), September 22, 2020 Tuesday. advance-lexis-com.proxy.bostonathenaeum.org/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:60WR-RPC1-F0JP-W1PJ-00000-00&context=1519360. Accessed July 16, 2024. Robertson, Max. “Wimbledon 1877-1977.” London : Barker. 1977. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2013 episode examines the real Robin Hood - and the question of whether there ever really was one.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy and Holly talk about the age gap between Johannes and Elisabetha Hevelius. They also cover the many historical points that came up in the Eustace the Monk episode. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This pirate lived in the 13th century and was connected to some major events in British and French history. During his lifetime he was so notorious that people would tell kids that if they were bad Eustice the Monk would come to take them away. Research: "Battle of Sandwich." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FBattle-of-Sandwich%2F641336&ebboatid=9265899. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024. Burgess, Glyn. “Two Medieval Outlaws: Eustice the Monk and Fouke Fitz Waryn.” D.S. Brewer. St. Edmundsbury Press. 1997. Cannon, Henry Lewin. “The Battle of Sandwich and Eustace the Monk.” The English Historical Review , Oct., 1912, Vol. 27, No. 108 (Oct., 1912). Via JSOTR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/550984 Carpenter, D.A. “Eustice the Monk.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/37400 Isaac, Steven. “The Battle of Sandwich.” Medieval Warfare , SEP / OCT 2017, Vol. 7. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578184 Kelly, Thomas E., Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren. “Eustache the Monk: Introduction.” from: Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales TEAMS Middle English Texts Series. https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/eustache-the-monk-introduction Lehr, Peter. “Eustace the Monk: Banditry, Piracy and the Limits of State Authority in the High Middle Ages.” Historical Sociology. Vol. 34, Issue 3. September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/johs.12347 McGlynn, Sean. “Scourge of the Seas.” Medieval Warfare , 2012, Vol. 2, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578143 Wright, Thomas. “Essays on subjects connected with the literature, popular superstitions, and history of England in the Middle Ages.” London : J.R. Smith. 1846. https://archive.org/details/essaysonsubjects02wrig/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Johannes Hevelius and his second wife and collaborator, Elisabetha were the 17th-century's astronomy power couple. For one, they had a personal observatory that was considered one of the most important in all Europe. Research: Ashworth, Dr. William B., Jr. “Elizabeth Hevelius.” Linda Hall Library. Dec. 22, 2017. https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/elisabeth-hevelius/ Bernardi, G. (2016). Elisabetha Catherina Koopman Hevelius (1647–1693). In: The Unforgotten Sisters. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26127-0_11 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Johannes Hevelius". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Hevelius Cartwright, Mark. “Johannes Hevelius.” World History Encyclopedia. Oct. 6, 2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/Johannes_Hevelius/ Laundau, Elizabeth. “The 17th-Century Astronomer Who Made the First Atlas of the Moon.” Smithsonian. Dec. 27, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/17th-century-astronomer-who-made-first-atlas-moon-180971103/ O’Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Johannes Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Johannes/ O’Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Catherina Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Koopman/ Waniszewska C. “Johannes Hevelius: Polish Seventeenth-Century Brewer and Astronomer.” International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 1988;98:26-27. doi:10.1017/S0252921100092083 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This 2020 episode explores the history of waffles, from early grain cakes all the way up to their modern proliferation on tables and as street foods around the world.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Tracy talks about the many requests the show has gotten for a Mammoth Cave episode and she and Holly discuss claustrophobia. They also consider all of the drama in Domenica Guillaume Walter's life.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Domenica Guillaume Walter’s life was full of drama and scandal. She was accused of attempted murder, blackmail, and forgery as she tried to maintain control of her late husband’s art collection. Research: Bondar, Yaroslava. “Domenica Guillaume Walter's Crimes of Dispassion.” Cultured. 3/21/2023. https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2023/03/21/domenica-guillaume-walter-art-scandal By ROBERT C. DOTY, Special to The New York Times. "THE PARIS SCANDALS: INTRIGUE IN HIGH PLACES." New York Times (1923-), Feb 08 1959, p. 1. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Clerc, Christine. “L’Étonnante Histoire de la Collection Walter-Guillaume a l’Orangerie.” Revue des Deux Mondes. February 2020. Via JSTOR. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26891298 Fraquelli, Simonetta and Cindy Kang. “Marie Laurencin: Sapphic Paris.” The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia. Yale University Press. HARRISS, JOSEPH A. "THE Pygmalion OF THE AVANT-GARDE : WHILE THE ART ESTABLISHMENT SCOFFED AT MODERN PAINTING, PAUL GUILLAUME AMASSED ONE OF THE WORLD'S FINEST COLLECTIONS, NOW TRAVELING IN NORTH AMERICA." Smithsonian, vol. 31, no. 8, Nov. 2000, p. 88. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A66278406/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6623725e. Accessed 7 Aug. 2024. Mahler, Luise, "Paul Guillaume," The Modern Art Index Project (January 2015), Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://doi.org/10.57011/WMTE1884 Musée de l'Orangerie. “History of the collection.” https://www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/collection/les-arts-a-parishistory-of-the-collection Musée de l'Orangerie. “Musée de l'Orangerie: catalogue of the Jean Walter et Paul Guillaume collection.” Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux. 1987. https://archive.org/details/musedelorangerie0000muse/ Richardson, John. “Crimes of the Art.” Vanity Fair. 4/5/2012. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2001/03/domenica-guillaume-walter-art-scandal Snell, David. “France Again Enjoys a Notable Scandal.” Life. 3/16/1959. Special Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch. “Murder for $160,000,000?” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 4/19/1959. Special to The New York Times. "LACAZE AFFAIR REVIVED: REST OF ALLEGED MURDER MONEY SURRENDERED IN PARIS." New York Times (1923-), Jul 08 1959, p. 3. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "LACAZE CHARGES CUT: TWO ACCUSATIONS IN AFFAIR OF PARIS FAMILY DROPPED." New York Times (1923-), Jun 15 1960, p. 6. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "PHYSICIAN JAILED IN PARIS SCANDAL: DOCTOR-FRIEND OF WEALTHY WIDOW REPORTED ACCUSED OF PLOT TO KILL STEPSON." New York Times (1923-), Mar 14 1959, p. 5. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "SENSATIONAL CASE STIRS PARIS ANEW: RICH WIDOW SEES BLACKMAIL AIMED AT HER IN LACAZE CONSPIRACY CHARGE." New York Times (1923-), Feb 06 1959, p. 7. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024. “Foreign News: The Lacaze Labyrinth.” 3/9/1959. https://time.com/archive/6888465/foreign-news-the-lacaze-labyrinth/ “FRANCE: LAffaire Lacaze.” 2/2/1959. https://time.com/archive/6829115/france-laffaire-lacaze/ Murrell, Denise. “African Influences in Modern Art.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aima/hd_aima.htm (April 2008) See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In the 19th century, Kentucky's Mammoth Cave launched an entire, very competitive cave tourism industry in the area, In 1925, Floyd Collins was trapped in the cave system, which was the beginning of the end of the cave wars. Research: Algeo, Katie. "Mammoth Cave and the making of place." Southeastern Geographer, vol. 44, no. 1, May 2004, pp. 27+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A119615129/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f1adfa5b. Accessed 29 July 2024. Bullitt, Alexander Clark. “Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, During the Year 1944, By a Visitor.” Louisville, KY. Morton & Griswold. 1945. Butler, Telia. “Throwback Thursday – The Kentucky Cave Wars.” WNKY News 40. 3/25/2201. https://www.wnky.com/throwback-thursday-the-kentucky-cave-wars/ Courier-Journal. “Cave Company is Cited by Dawson.” The Courier-Journal. 7/24/1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/107046993/ Lanzendorfer, Joy. “Enslaved Tour Guide Stephen Bishop Made Mammoth Cave the Must-See Destination It Is Today.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/enslaved-tour-guide-stephen-bishop-made-mammoth-cave-must-see-destination-it-today-180971424/ McGraw, Eliza. “How the Kentucky Cave Wars Reshaped the State’s Tourism Industry.” Smithsonian. 7/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-kentucky-cave-wars-reshaped-the-states-tourism-industry-180982585/ Meloy, Harold. “Short Legal History of Mammoth Cave.” National Parks Service. https://npshistory.com/brochures/maca/short-legal-history.pdf "Mammoth Cave National Park." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 Sep. 2015. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMammoth-Cave-National-Park%2F50412&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 29 Jul. 2024. National Park Service. “Early Native Americans.” Mammoth Cave. https://www.nps.gov/maca/learn/historyculture/native-americans.htm National Park Service. “Floyd Collins.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/floyd-collins.htm National Park Service. “George Morrison.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/george-morrison.htm National Park Service. “Prehistoric Cave Discoveries.” https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/prehistoric-cave-discoveries.htm National Park Service. “Stephen Bishop.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/stephen-bishop.htm National Park Service. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-kentucky-cave-wars.htm National Park Service. “Tragedy at Sand Cave.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/tragedy-at-sand-cave.htm Ohlson, Kristin. “The Bransfords of Mammoth Cave.” American Legacy. Spring 2006. https://www.kristinohlson.com/files/mammoth_cave-2.pdf Schmitzer, Jeanne Cannella. “CCC Camp 510: Black Participation in the Creation of Mammoth Cave National Park.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society , Autumn 1995, Vol. 93, No. 4 (Autumn 1995). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23383772 Sides, Stanley D. and Harold Meloy. “The Pursuit of Health in the Mammoth Cave.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine , JULY-AUGUST 1971, Vol. 45, No. 4 (JULY AUGUST 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450082 Tabler, Dave. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Appalachian History. 4/19/2017. https://www.appalachianhistory.net/2017/04/kentucky-cave-wars.html Trowbridge, John. “The Kentucky National Guard and the William Floyd Collins Tragedy at Sand Cave.” 2/10/2021. Kentucky National Guard. https://ky.ng.mil/News/Article/2648067/the-kentucky-national-guard-and-the-william-floyd-collins-tragedy-at-sand-cave/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.