Sean White‘s Solar and Energy Storage Podcast

Richard Lawrence has a long history in the solar industry and is very knowledgeable in many areas (He was formerly the Executive Director of NABCEP among other things). Our main focus of this podcast was apprenticeship programs. This is a big deal, since to qualify for the Inflation Reduction Act 30% Investment Tax Credit (ITC) for projects over 1MW, fulfilling the apprenticeship and prevailing wage standards are required. Topics covered: Richard Lawrence career: IREC Program Director currently 5 years irecusa.org IBTS 2 years - Institute for Building Technology and Safety NABCEP Executive Director 3.5 yrs< Solar (PV) Instructor Training Network Hudson Valley Community College Topics covered and questions answered: What is an apprenticeship? What is prevailing wage? Union vs. non-union Is prevailing wage different for different places? Right to work states (anti-union) Registered apprenticeship programs Unregistered apprenticeship programs< How does someone set up an apprenticeship program? Who to register an apprenticeship program with, like the DOL (Department of Labor) Local and federal programs IRA-apprenticeship - tax credits - pay workers prevailing wage 1MW and up 15% of labor hours requirement What is IREC doing for apprenticeship and What is IREC Drama with different unions and non-unions-everyone wants the work $200k/yr electrician cost Prevailing wage for small vs. large projects Can election results take away these benefits Veterans California C46 solar license and batteries Solar PV Instructor Training Network Hudson Valley Community College SPI NYSERDA www.nyserda.ny.gov Massachusetts Clean Energy Center www.masscec.com Burnham Energy AHJ Multi Junction Technology Apprenticeship programs. Solar Energy International Department of Energy www.energy.gov Larry Sherwood Soul Smart Program in Puerto Rico Zoning laws Donations Cod community college Non-Profit Organizations SEAC Sustainable Energy Action Committee www.sustainableenergyaction.org ANSI Standards Jane Weissman Solar ABC's www.solarabcs.org Solar ready veterans network John Kim American Battery Factory IBEW International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers www.ibew.org UBC United Brotherhood of Carpenters www.carpenters.org ITC Eike Weber Herman Scheer NREL www.nrel.gov Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

Cameron works and lives in New York where having a NABCEP PV Installation Professional (PVIP) helps you qualify for the NY State program that helps fund projects. Here are some of the topics we discuss: NYSERDA = New York State Research, Energy Research Development Association www.nyserda.ny.gov NY Sun Program NABCEP Certifications Indent Builders www.indentbuilders.com IBEW = International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers www.ibew.org 3 Pathways Dobbs Ferry Best Investment is Education Heatspring Courses Bundles NFPA 855 NFPA 70 = National Electrical Code (NEC) IBC = International Building Code IFC = International Fire Code IRC = International Residential Code ICC = International Code Council NFPA 70E OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov NABCEP PV Commissioning and Maintenance Specialist (PVCMS) Exam NABCEP Energy Storage Installation Professional exam = ESIP NAPCEP Website www.nabcep.org Professional Directories Companies directory Spanish Class Tim Montague C&I = Commercial and Industrial Clean Power Hour www.cleanpowerhour.com NABCEP PV Technical Sales = PVTS NABCEP PV Installer Specialist Certification = PVIS NABCEP PV System Inspector Certification = PVSI FAA Drone Pilot Class = Federal Aviation Administration https://www.heatspring.com/courses/nabcep-solar-pv-associate-faa-part-107-drone-pilot-exam-prep?aff_id=t3nlgw UL Certification 120 percent rule for backfeed breaker NEC 690 Photovoltaic Systems NEC 690.12 Rapid Shutdown Italian Class for NABCEP PV Associate Giulia Suriano< Check out his website and connect on LinkedIn: www.indentbuilders.com Linkedin: Cameron Fearey Youtube Video Podcast:https://youtu.be/aoeex-QK3bw Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

Hermann Scheer (RIP) was a German politician who is responsible for making grid-connected solar profitable in about the year 2000 as he brought the German policy for reimbursing people for solar energy, so that they would make a profit. This brought about years where over half of the World’s installed PV was in Germany. This created the modern solar industry and kick-started modern PV manufacturing. If it were not for Hermann Scheer, we would probably be 10 years behind where we are now with PV prices and installed capacity. Eicke Weber was a friend of Hermann Scheer and Eicke was also the director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems for 10 years, which is the European equivalent of NREL. Eicke brought Intersolar to San Francisco, he was on UC Berkely Faculty and has done a million other things, while remaining a really nice person. I am proud to call Eicke a friend. Topics Covered: Hermann Sheer’s Legacy www.ilsr.org/hermann-scheers-feed-tariff-legacy-75-worlds-solar-pv/ Bill Brooks www.brooksolar.com Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en Madam Mi Fusion National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) www.NREL.gov Governor Jerry Brown California Solar Initiative (CSI) SNEC World’s Largest Renewable Energy Conference www.pv.snec.org.cn Nancy and George Lightman Hans-Josef www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Josef_Fell Swanson’s Law Feed in Tariff (FIT) Sultan Al Jaber Irena www.IRENA.org International Solar Energy Society (ISES) www.ises.org PV manufacturing in China Deng Xiaoping IRA John Kerry Deng Xiaoping CO2 PV Technology and Market Developments Global Shifts in Energy Policy Clean Tech Business Club www.cleantechbusiness.club Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

Where do we start, in this podcast we covered many things and Jeff Spies is very active and connected in the solar industry. Here is a short list of what Jeff does and has done: Owner of Planet Plansets www.planetplansets.com NABCEP Board of Directors www.nabcep.org/about-us/board-of-directors CALSSA Board of Directors www.calssa.org Solar Roots, the Pioneers of PV Documentary, Executive Producer www.solar-roots.com The Solar Panel Podcast www.linkedin.com/company/the-solar-panel-podcast Here are some of the many topics we covered: Solar PV origin in Humboldt and Mendocino Counties in Northern California Marijuana wars with guns in Northern California: solar using weed growers vs. the Feds Hippie Definition Rednecks and Hippies Hipnecks AEE Solar David Katz is a genius DC Power Solar Depot Real Goods Solar Living Institute Ironridge Quickmount Stuart Wentworth Claudia Hansen Wentworth Johnny Weiss Go Green Solar Home Power Magazine Humboldt Country Nika Show Oregon Solar Energy Industry Boogy rough cut version Plastics Blue grass Solar Pioneer Party Bell Labs BriceLand, CA Brian Tittlebaum Solar PV Magic Nobel Prize Solar Pioneers group in Facebook John Burdner Brian Teitelbaum Davey Rittner Jason Vetterli Wendy Dankof Gov. Jerry Brown Bob McKee Joseph Marino Keisha Johnny Hill Sam Vanderhoof Ron Kennedy John Schaefer Arthur Rudin Ezra Auerbach Richard Perez Bob O. Schultz Kathleen Schultz Mark Moroz Charlie Gay Albert Einstein Edmund Becquerel Adams and Day Charles Fritz Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

This is my first interview with a real US Military General and I am honored that he took the time to meet with me. I am not worthy! John Kem is in the civilian sector now and is the President of American Battery Factory! In this podcast we discuss their huge Gigafactory, which they are building in Arizona and which will go online towards the end of 2025 making made in the USA lithium iron phosphate (LFP) lithium-ion batteries. They are working on prismatic battery cells, which are as big as 1kWh each! In the podcast we talk about the manufacturing processes and how the battery materials are put together in a factory that can produce 4GWh per year of battery cells. Topics covered: American Battery Factory Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)IRA = Inflation Reduction Act Army Corps of Engineers Civil WorksMining Battery cell production and safety Investment and manufacturing scale of American Battery Factory The process and challenges of battery cell manufacturing Battery factory American Lithium Mining Cobalt in the Congo Gigafactory Abundance and toxicity of Lithium, Iron and Phosphorous Big Battery Cell Folding Cells Prismatic Battery Cell 314 Ah cells x 3.2V = 1kWh/cell Half of a shoebox size cell Bigger is better Pouch and cylindrical battery cell comparison Prismatic folding speed increased Longer cycle life Fiji Water bottle shape comparison Chemical Mixing Anode and Cathode layers Thin coating Isotropic graphite = consistent shape Narrow film LFP is the cathode LFP mix in vats Absorption capacity for ions to flow Buy pre-mixed LFP Separator between anode and cathode Foils Cans - Aluminum Food can people making battery can for prismatic battery (cell casing) Stationary Energy Storage Systems Smart grid Underground mining operations Drag racing and LFP Range anxiety Home to GWh ESS Tax credit survival vs. competitive manufacturing Made in America with Chinese parts Smartest people in the world come to America Energy storage is required for net zero Investing and buying American Battery Factory Privately held now Series A and Series B funding defined Accredited investors and venture capital Check out the American Battery Factory website: www.americanbatteryfactory.com For good luck, give this podcast 5️s Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

Joe McCabe has been in the solar industry since before there was a solar industry. In this podcast we talk about many things. Here is a list of topics: ASES Fellow American Solar Energy Society www.ASES.org International Solar Energy Society www.ISES.org MREA = Midwest Renewable Energy Association SMUD = Sacramento Municipal Utility District PVUSA Davis California PV Policy SAM software PV Reliability Workshop Nerdfest Golden Colorado SANDIA Community Solar Gardens Bifacial Solar< Vertical Bifacial produces more than tilted south no matter what the direction Higher latitude better for vertical bifacial Vertical bifacial requires smaller wires because of lower Isc Clipping Hanging vertical bifacial to swing in the wind. North facing PV for used PV PV module size increasing PV efficiency not important; LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) is important. Monofacial Agrivoltaics Agrisoltaics Dual use of land Mark Fitzgerald Jane Wiseman IREC = Interstate Renewable Energy Council NABCEP Entry Level Praise Ward Bower! George Kelly NREL NABCEP Exam Committees Photovoltaic effect Conduction band Photoelectric effect Becquerel Einstein Quantum mechanics Thermodynamics Nuclear engineering Schrödinger’s equation Straw bale construction SERF = Solar Energy Research Facility SERI = Solar Energy Research Institute Neutron Scatter Cadmium rods Neutron magazine Smart Inverter Working Group Dan Shugar Howard Wenger PG&E PV for $9/watt in 90s Richard Swanson and Swanson’s curve Colorado Public Utilities Commission CALISO California Independent System Operator BIPV California Energy Commission (CEC) Community Solar Garden Solar Shares Stupid grid vs. smart grid Grid following and grid forming inverters Reactive power Rule 21 Smart Inverter Working Group Smart Inverter Classes Hermann Scherr Frieberg Germany Smarter E in Munich (formerly Intersolar) Intersolar in San Diego and Long Beach RE+ conferences Making education fun University of Arizona Reactor How PV works Photons Grid Forming and Grid Following Inverters Donating a kidney to Bill Brooks Freiburg Germany NABCEP Certification Energy Ideas Renewable Energy Steward Giant Bifacial module Joe Mccabe recommends Bill Brooks on LinkedIn Blue light inside a reactor Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) Carl Weinberg Paul Fenn Community Choice Aggregation = CCA Eicke Weber RE+ Texas Sean Sings ABC 123 at NABCEP Conference Homework Assignment read: Leverage Points, Places to Intervene in a System by Donella Meadows Joe McCabe LinkedIn Page Joe’s email: [email protected] Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.heatspring.com/sean

In this podcast, we learn how UL issues first certification to UL 9741 (and UL 1741 SA) for an AI-Driven Vehicle-to-Grid Compliant EV Charger to Fermata Energy. https://www.ul.com/news/ul-solutions-issues-first-certification-ul-9741-and-ul-1741-sa-ai-driven-vehicle-grid Alex Cattelan has been working on EVs for 2 decades and has experience engineering many famous electric and hybrid vehicles, including the Chevy Volt for GM. She also has extensive experience working for Polaris, Johnson Controls and many others. At the end we decide to go to Burning Man together on a bidirectional electric bus and she is going to teach me how to do wheelies on an electric motorcycle. Nothing can compete with the torque of electric motors, much more than those old fashioned explosion driven motors. Here are some of the topics we cover: UL 9741 EVPE (Electric Vehicle Power Export Equipment) John Deere EVs AI for EVPE Software engineering Drive trains Electric vehicles Nissan Leaf Chevy Volt Lithium-ion batteries Hybrid EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Mechanical Drivetrain CO2 UL 9741 & UL 1741 VPP (Virtual Power Plant) Cost Savings Public utility commission (PUC) Stationary Storage Nissan Leaf Nissan Kicks Bidirectional charging Commercial fleets Bus fleet Johnson Controls Pop a Wheelie Ford F-150 Cyber Truck Tesla Developing Software AI Driven Data Science Residential bidirectional chargers Check out Alex on LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/alexandra-cattelan-59abbb11 Email: [email protected] Check out the Fermata website: https://fermataenergy.com Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

One week before recording this podcast, Garret Little passed his NABCEP PVIP exam, scoring impressively after nine years since his first attempt. In this episode, we discuss his exam experience, memory techniques, and the differences between the Ecotech and HeatSpring prep classes. Garret shares insights on what’s essential for passing exams and highlights the NABCEP courses available. Garret also brings his international experience, having installed PV systems in Nepal and Colombia. Topics Covered: Exam prep and strategies NABCEP certifications (PVIP, ESIP, PVA, and more) Online vs. in-person testing Memory techniques and learning methods Insights from Garret’s exam journey Garret expresses his gratitude to Sean for the impactful HeatSpring courses that helped boost his confidence and knowledge: This course really covered everything I experienced on the exam and in all honesty, to me it seemed it presented quite a bit more information and material than the NABCEP covered, at least from my experience . For example, I don't think I had one string sizing question, conduit fill, or even conductor sizing with derates (if my memory serves me right). It was not nearly as much calculations as I had anticipated, aside from interconnection calcs, which were all fairly similar. With that being said, I feel tremendously more knowledgeable than I was even just a few months ago prior to taking this course and I am so thankful for that. Thank you again so much for working with Heatspring on these courses to provide such thorough, entertaining, and educational content. It feels so incredibly good to not only have passed the exam, but to feel that much more educated. To prepare for any NABCEP exam, check out Sean's online classes at HeatSpring.com/SEAN and explore more at SolarSEAN.com.

I came across a really cool YouTube video, rivaling Mr. Beast, but for solar, which was a purple bearded solarboi going off on Rapid Shutdown UL 3741 PV arrays, I immediately contacted him and a week later, here we are recording this podcast. This guy is entertaining and we are lucky to have him in the industry. This industry needs to be fun!! derek the solarboi has 3 NABCEP Certifications PVIP (PV Installation Professional) PVCMS (PV Commissioning and Maintenance Specialist) PVSI (PV System Inspector) Altogether that looks like: derek the solarboi, NABCEP PVIP, PVCMS & PVSI That is a total of 18 letters after his name, making him super special! We talk about some controversial subjects, including Rapid Shutdown and I always try to be bifacial and take both sides for educational purposes, but encourage my guests to have strong opinions. If you have a strong opinion, let’s get you on the show! Here are some of the topics we covered: Other rad solar creators, like Solar Goat (https://linktr.ee/solargoat) and The Solar Slayer (https://thesolarslayer.com/) Rapid shutdown methods UL 3741 PVHCS (PV Hazard Control Systems) Array level rapid shutdown 2019 NEC (serious joke) NABCEP Certifications Social media Water flow in conduit DC arc faults and ground faults Ironridge (press release and installation addendum can be found here: (https://www.ironridge.com/2024/02/27/flush-mount-systems-listed-to-ul-3741/) Sollega SMA Residential UL 3741 (solarboi’s video Peter Greenberg the String Inverter Activist RE+ Purple solarboi has decided to remain anonymous for this podcast. This is really cool, my first anonymous guest! You can see all of solarboi’s links at www.solarboi.com YouTube: www.youtube.com/@derekthesolarboi Mastodon: https://mastodon.energy/@solarboi TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@thesolarboi Instagram: https://instagram.com/thesolarboi Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

Great conversation with Tyler Hortin! His company does everything from Wh to GWh and focuses on prismatic cells that are almost 1kWh! This makes for less cells and less connections that can go wrong. The technology here is Lithium-Iron Phosphate (LFP) and we will talk about the supply chain and implications of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). They are affiliated with American Battery Factory, so we talk a little bit about manufacturing in the USA towards the end. Key Words: Lithium Iron Phosphate Prismatic Battery Cell Battery Manufacturing in the USA How he get the Iron LPF Lithium (L) Iron (FE) Phosphorus (P) Great Salt Lake Battery management system (BMS) Marine Battery NMC Alternator DC to DC Charger Shore Power Energy Storage System UL 9540 & 9540A DC Interconnected System Cabinet size American Battery Factory How long does it take to build a battery factory? Check out Tyler on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tyler-hortin-90469945/ Check out his website: https://lionenergy.com Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

Tor "Solar Fred" Valenza is a regular in the solar industry. Tor has a podcast called Probably True Solar Stories, which takes his expertise as a former Hollywood writer and merges that with the solar industry. Some of his Hollywood work was on popular shows, such as Stargate SG-1, Dharma & Greg, and The Dead Zone. Tor's current day job is he is a chief solar public relations geek at UnThink Solar, a solar PR and communications firm. In this podcast we talk about how Tor Valenza became Solar Fred and how he made stories about solar. Topics covered: The history of branding about Solar Fred How his fascination in solar energy began as a kid in NYC Central Park Solar on the White House Sungevity Danny Kennedy Solar Head of State Great way to promote solar Probably True Solar Stories Podcast Murder by Solar Drone President of the US as a solar installer The 6000 Year Story of Solar Energy book by John Perlin Clean nuclear power being used as a disguise for a nuclear weapons program Solar installation war (Green War). Nuclear bros Energy deep state Sean almost killed by carbon monoxide as a kid Solar makes you the most money< Steam turbines for solar PV energy storage with hot rocks www.powermag.com/volcanic-rock-offers-new-take-on-energy-storage Agrivoltaics CSP = Concentrated Solar Power Cadmium Telluride Recycle, Reuse and Reduce Solar feasibility on the north side of the roof Solar wedding at a Tweet Up at SPI Check out Tor on Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/tor-solar-fred-valenza-3150015 Check out his website: www.unthinksolar.com Here is where to find Tor's Podcast: www.probablytruesolar.com/ Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

In this episode we are triple fortunate to have three of the smartest individuals in a discussion on science and policy from the Federation of American Scientists (fas.org), a nonpartisan think tank connecting scientific research with policy making to address today’s most urgent needs. Transition to renewable energy is urgent! We talk about how we can transition to solar fast, and how science and policy need to work together to get the job done, and how individuals can get involved. Guests: Erica Goldman, on systems thinking and solar Alice Wu, on tipping points Zoë Brouns, on the workforce needed to meet the moment Topics discussed: American Climate Corps, which is an IRA program intended to mobilize the green workforce on par with the FDR programs (see Civilian Conservation Corps), modeled similarly to the successful AmeriCorps. DOE (US Department of Energy) Virtual Power Plant Commercial Liftoff Report DOE Commercial Liftoff homepage Clean Energy Talent Workforce report FAS History Manhattan Project Los Alamos Clean Energy and Climate Policy Science, Policy and Policy Entrepreneurship SUBMIT YOUR IDEAS! Congress White House Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) 2022 Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) 2021 Follow FAS’s work via their newsletter I am honored to have hosted the podcast with the most intelligent people ever on any podcast in history. Erika, Alice and Zoë's backgrounds are very impressive! Be sure to click on their names above, or find them on LinkedIn to see what I mean. We are talking Einstein-level conversation at times, especially when Alice told us about triplet excitons. This is an exciting conversation! Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

In this show we talk about the different stages of development of solar projects, which are projects that are from 1MW in size to GW sized projects. Matias Sigal is an entrepreneur and has worked with many startups and incubators in different countries. He started off by being born in Argentina, and is currently a resident of Israel (which we discuss at the end of the podcast). Matias has a company that developed software, which works sort of like Zillow for multimillion dollar solar projects. 80% of potential projects do not get developed, because they are missing some of the criteria. REplace can analyze thousands of potential sites at once, so that early stage developers do not have to spend 30 minutes per site analyzing things independently. His software can do over 100 years of hard work with the click of a button. Some of the topics we cover: 8 stages of project development Community Solar (contrasting with and not Community Choice Aggregation) Agrivoltaics GIS Israel, Argentina and Europe CapEx & OpEx Matias Sigal LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matiassigal/ REplace website: www.renewableenergy.place Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

In this podcast we talk about safe portable Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). Jon and Viridi are located in Buffalo NY. Topics covered: Portable ESS Building and Fire Codes including the International Residential Code (IRC) and the International Fire Code (IFC). Occupied Spaces Habitable Spaces UL 9540 UL 9540A UL CSA Thermal Runaway How Viridi is safer Cathodes and Anodes NMC = Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide LFP = Lithium Iron Phosphate NCA = Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide Specific Energy vs. Energy Density How Viridi Portable ESSs saved Burning Man How Ford won Pike's Peak race in Colorado using Viridi to charge EV race Sunbelt Rentals using Viridi portable ESS How using a portable ESS with a diesel generator is much cleaner and less expensive and uses less diesel for the same amount of energy, than a diesel generator alone. Here is where to find Viridi: www.viridiparente.com Here is where to find Jon Williams CEO and Founder: www.viridiparente.com/about/< Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

In this podcast we have Bill Brooks and Sean talking energy storage system (ESS) Codes, with emphasis on interconnections, including supply-side and load side connections. Be sure to get Sean and Bill’s latest book, which is the 3rd edition of PV and the NEC, based on the 2023 NEC. To find where to get different versions of the NEC including the 2023 NEC for free check out the NEC tab at solarSEAN.com. Disclaimer: This podcast was recorded in 2021. Supply-side connections (source connections to a service), 705.13 Power Control Systems (Energy Management Systems), ampacity of service conductors are allowed to have ampacity less than the main breaker in chapter III of the NEC, 200A PV system on 100A service with power control system, conductor sizing for supply-side connection, Article 230 Services, houses not smaller than 100A or old services less than 100A, supply-side overcurrent protection locations, cable limiter distances, cable currents just handle fault currents (not overloads), 250.25, 250.24, bonding supply-side connection like a service required, two single points of system grounding, load-side connections, dedicated overcurrent protection device and disconnect, backfeeding a Tesla at 70W, busbars, 120% rule, suitable for backfeed, feeders, Hawaiian tie-in, tap rules, 10-foot tap rule, 25-foot tap rule, synchronous generators, busbars, 705.12(B)(3)(1) 100% rule, 705.12(B)(3)(2) 120% rule, 705.12(B)(3)(3) sum rule or sum of the branch circuit breakers, two single pole breakers with sum rule, 705.12(B)(3)(4) center fed 120% rule, 705.12(B)(3)(5) engineering supervision/multiampacity busbars and the 200% rule, 705.12(B)(3)(6) feed-through connectors, switchgear, 705.13 Power Control Systems with CTs, power control system certifications, allows more power than 120% rule (705.13 was re-named in 2023 NEC as Energy Management Systems), Article 625 sequencer for EVs, no-export is a power control system, export set at certain kW, physical protection of a Powerwall, residential code vehicle impact protection for ESS in garage, wheel stops, bollards, preventing overloading panel, smart panels, smart load centers. Note: for visuals, download the NEC presentation at www.solarSEAN.com and look for the pdf downloads. Links: Bill Brooks, P.E.: www.brooksolar.com www.solarSEAN.com www.HeatSpring.com/SEAN

2020 NEC radio 690 was originally published on Dec 30, 2019, but it did not post to other platforms, so we are reposting it.

In this podcast we have Bill Brooks talking energy storage system (ESS) Codes, with emphasis on the National Electrical Code (NEC) and stand-alone/islanding systems. Be sure to get Sean and Bill’s latest book, which is the 3rd edition of PV and the NEC, based on the 2023 NEC. To find where to get different versions of the NEC including the 2023 NEC for free check out the NEC tab at solarSEAN.com. Disclaimer: This podcast was recorded in 2021. Flow batteries, fuel cells, Article 692 Fuel Cell Systems, electrolyte, zinc, fuel cell maintenance, Article 710 Stand-Alone Systems, plaque or directory, manual load control, stand-alone mode, automatic controller, multiwire branch circuits, 690.10, 120/240V theory, direct PV systems, dc micrograms, functionally grounded, grounded, ungrounded, reference grounded, resistor grounded systems, positively grounded systems, nighttime depolarizer, impedance ground for ac (resistance ground for dc), electric vehicle power transfer system vs. electric vehicle charging system, sequencer, LG Chem vs. LG home battery prices, Fukushima, Nissan Leaf in Japan bidirectional charging, zero net export, overcurrent protection devices, fault currents, ampere interrupting capacity, kA, excel spreadsheet fault current calculator, microgrid interconnect device (MID), Article 702, automatic transfer equipment, load management, lighting controllers, backup power system, optional standby systems, generator systems, automatic transfer switch, manual transfer switch. Links: Bill Brooks, P.E.: www.brooksolar.com www.solarSEAN.com www.HeatSpring.com/SEAN

We have just released the long awaited 2023 NEC class on HeatSpring. We spent more time making this class than any other class, so I am sure you will love it. We have Sean White and Bill Brooks going over many of the fun details and Code changes in this course. You can learn more here and some of the lessons are free samples. https://www.heatspring.com/courses/30-hour-2023-nec-pv-energy-storage-building-and-fire-codes/?aff_id=t3nlgw 690 Part VI is a shorter Part of Article 690 and the end of 690 was dramatically reduced and rearranged in the 2023 version of the NEC. Here are some of the topics covered: 690.56 Identification of Power Sources 690.59 Connection to Other Sources 690.72 Self-Regulated PV Charge Control (neat silicon science here) This podcast is mostly a reading from the 3rd Edition of PV and the NEC by Sean White and Bill Brooks. You can get this book here: www.amazon.com/PV-NEC-Sean-White-dp-1032019182/dp/1032019182/ref=dp_ob_image_bk Also in this chapter we have consolidated all of the renewable energy labeling requirements. We have a page with all of the images of all of the relevant articles, so you should check it out. Thanks for listening! You can find out more at www.solarSEAN.com

OhmConnect is a virtual power plant (VPP) provider and helps balance the electricity grid. Will incentivize people to reduce usage at certain times. VPP definition of OhmConnect“Collection of 100s or thousands of devices that they are controlling all independently, but coordinating in a fashion that the grid can see it.” Topics covered: SunPower relationship Demand Response Thermostat control TV control Fridge control Looking at VPP as reducing demand rather than increasing supply Getting paid to take stuff offline Rewards Virtual currency Gift cards, prizes Smart plug Grid stability NEM 3.0 Resource adequacy CCAs (Community Choice Aggregation) Blackouts Negative energy DSGS (demand side grid support) Power and energy kWh 705.13 Energy Management Systems Power Control Systems UL 916 FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) Baselines Bitcoin Mining Pacific Gas and Electric Clean Power San Francisco Deregulated Grid ISO = Independent System Operator Leveraging smart meter data Text messages Google, Honeywell, Sinse Grid stability Leveraging new asset (energy usage) Moss Landing ESS DOE report need for 160 GW of storage Curtailing $1 Billion per year of solar energy in CA 4 wheeled ESS Value of discharging devices back into grid 120V Lithium-ion battery assisted induction stove Moduly small stand-alone battery unit www.moduly.io Smarter E Intersolar 2024 Year of the VPP Matt Dusterberg www.OhmConnect.com 100% clean energy for everyone Learn more at www.solarSEAN.com and be sure to get NABCEP certified by taking Sean’s classes at www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

This podcast is a reading from Chapter 6 of PV and the NEC 3rd Edition based on the 2023 NEC by Sean White and Bill Brooks. You can buy the book on Amazon at: https://a.co/d/amFqNko Bonding and Grounding is something that causes a lot of arguments and this book will get to the bottom of it. Topics: 690 Part V Bonding and Grounding 690.41 PV System DC Circuit Grounding and Protection Grounding Electrode Grounding Electrode Conductor (GEC)< Equipment Grounding Conductor (EGC) Ground Grounded Conductor Solidly Grounded Functionally Grounded Ground Fault Ground Fault Detector-Interrupter (GFDI) Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) 690.42 Point of PV System DC Circuit Grounding Connection 690.43 Equipment Grounding and Bonding UL 2703 UL 3703 250.97 Bonding for Over 250V to Ground Table 250.122 EGC Based on OCPD 690.45 Size of Equipment Grounding Conductors 690.47 Grounding Electrode System Additional Electrodes vs. Auxiliary Electrodes To learn more and get all kinds of free information, go to www.solarSEAN.com

Sean White featured on the Clean Power Hour podcast with Tim Montague's co-host John Weaver on September 28, 2023. We are reposting this podcast, which you can also listen to on Tim Montague's awesome Clean Power Hour podcast, which you can find at www.cleanpowerhour.com Sean White was at the University of Colorado in Denver during this podcast. We had a great time chatting to one another and discussing: 1. The events at the just concluded 2023 RE+ Convection 2. White House launches clean energy youth workforce program amid labor shortage concerns 3. We talk about the Erthos technology and what it means to the clean energy revolution 4. Companies that were present at the RE+ and the new upcoming technology Check out Tim Montague on: Website: www.cleanpowerhour.com Youtube: www.youtube.com/@cleanpowerhour Twitter: www.twitter.com/tgmontague LinkedIn:www.linkedin.com/company/clean-power-hour?trk=public_post_follow-view-profile Email: [email protected] Tim Montague's co-host is: John Fitzgerald Weaver Known online as “The Commercial Solar Guy,” Solar professional and project developer. John Fitzgerald Weaver works as the General Manager of CSG Developers LLC and a technical writer for pv magazine USA, where he covers solar industry data, equipment and manufacturers, trends, regulations and much more! Reach John Fitzgerald Weaver here! LinkedIn Account: www.linkedin.com/in/johnfitzgeraldweaver/ Company Website: www.commercialsolarguy.com/ RSS Feed: www.commercialsolarguy.com/news/ For more information on solar, storage and everything else, go to www.solarSEAN.com

If you were walking around RE+ in Vegas, you may have noticed a track and all of these remote control race cars and wondered what that was about. That was the Horizon Hydrogen Grand Prix Pro (H2GP Pro)! Here is what we talked about: Horizon Hydrogen Grand Prix Pro = H2GP Pro STEM kits STEAM Science Technology Engineering Art Math RE+ Las Vegas Remote Control Race Cars Hydrogen Element Hydrogen Fires Lead Acid Batteries making Hydrogen Fuel Cells vs. Internal Combustion Engines with Hydrogen Toyota Hydrogen Combustion Engine JTB Hydrogen Engine Fuel Cells Need Clean Air Combustion of Hydrogen Makes Water Stoichiometry 2 H2 + O2 = H2O Toyota Murai Electrolysis is same Stoichiometry CPAP Machine is Electrolyzer making Oxygen and Getting Rid of Hydrogen Hydrogen Colors Green Hydrogen = Electrolysis (electricity and water) Brown Hydrogen Grey Hydrogen = Natural Gas Derived = 95% of H2 in the World Steam Reformation = Preexisting Hydrocarbons to make Hydrogen, Such as Municipal Waste Big Bang and Hydrogen Atoms Landfill Gas to Make Hydrogen Carbon Capture Turquoise Hydrogen = Pyrolyses Blue Hydrogen = SMR Steam Methane Reformation and Carbon Capture World Economy Forum Round Trip Efficiency of Hydrogen with Green Hydrogen 35% Hydrogen is Lighter than Lithium-Ion Hydrogen Electric Airplane Rocket Equation World’s Record for Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Trucking Autonomous Driving Cheating with race cars design The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County by Mark Twain Bulgaria Team Underdog Los Angeles Team Wins Telemetry Systems Hacking other Team’s Telemetry Systems Anti Hacking Software Danika Patrick and NASCAR Formula E with Lithium-Ion vs. Fuel Cells Symbio from France Fuel Cells Hydrogen is the Future of Racing Sustainable Diesel = Diesel Made From Corn F1 to Hydrogen Explosions with Storing any Energy Recycling Critical Mass Bike Riders Car Explosion One Less Car Horizon Educational Global Headquarters in Czech Republic H2GP Foundation 501c3 Grants Sponsorship STEM Kits with Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell Remote Control Wind Solar Ethanol Solar Hydrogen Science Kits Pinewood Derby Rubber Band Energy Storage Free Hydrogen Curriculum Wind, Solar, Ethanol Science Kits Flinstone power You can find them at: www.horizoneducational.com Instagram: www.instagram.com/horizoneducational/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/HorizonEducational/ LinkedIn: cz.linkedin.com/in/max-accordino Youtube: www.youtube.com/channel/UCYHcXEZdZp8Zw2kmr3_I2Fw To find out more and educate yourself, go to www.solarSEAN.com or www.HeatSpring.com/sean

Learn about bidirectional EV charging/discharging with former White House and EPA policy advisor Clinton Administration, former County Supervisor in Virginia, Faculty at University of Virginia 23 years, Commerce, Architecture, Engineering who has a Philosophy degree and is an entrepreneur who started multiple companies. David Slutzky started Fermata Energy in 2010. Here are some of the topics we covered: V2G Vehicle to Grid V1G smart charging V2X Vehicle to Everything V2B Vehicle to Building V2L Vehicle to Load Behind the meter Load management< Power quality VARs CAISO Independent System Operator Grid vs. Utility is different ISO is grid made up of different utilities VPP Duke and Ford F-150 Lightning TEPCO Fukushima brought on V2X CHAdeMO protocol Nissan Leaf bidirectional in 2013 Offboard DC charger Software platform Vehicle battery comes free with leather seats and air conditioning EV battery warranty with V2X AI software Data science< Grid facing market opportunities Vehicle to grid services provider Defining 100% state of charge (SOC) 2000 Ford Ranger EV Setting parameters of SOC to protect battery LFP NCA NMC 4.2 volts per cell (VPC) at full charge Child labor in the Congo and cobalt Climate Early adopters Storage in EVs dwarfs stationary grid storage Beacon power flywheels University of Virginia vs. Virginia Tech UL testing of bidirectional EV chargers UL 1741 SB UL 1741 SA UL 1741 Siemens CCS North American Charging Standard = Tesla <5A continuous = 10,000kWh/yr at 240V Curtailing over $1B/yr of solar and wind in California Discharge behind the meter to reduce demand charges $200-$300 per month with 15kW EV to grid with Leaf Utility demand response programs National Grid summer demand response program< Bidirectional Nissan Leaf makes in 57 hours in a summer for $4500 in the evenings (after work) Onboard and offboard inverter/chargers EV1 Rav 4 EV Chevy S-10 EV Avcon GBT charging standard in China Chao G charging is CHAdeMO in China VW Dieselgate Self certify Electrify America Chademo 3.0 Father of EVs in Japan 99.3% uptime of EV chargers in Japan Much worse uptime in US SGIP (Self Generation Incentive Program) subsidies in California should apply to EV to grid Over 90% of EV charging happens at home Interconnection agreement of inverter is probably going to be a stationary inverter and not a roaming onboard inverter Weight of onboard inverter Using big inverter that spins wheels to feed the grid Raising capital and talking to oil companies Panasonic Chevron Oil companies future is renewables and are important sources of capital Yogaville Buckingham County Dominion Pipeline David Slutzky https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-slutzky-2a77875 Fermata Energy https://fermataenergy.com/ To learn more, go to www.solarSEAN.com or www.HeatSpring.com/sean

This podcast is full of solar history, so we give a shout out to the solar historians 100 and 1000 years from now!! Hey people who have not been born yet! Check us out!! Terence and Johnny have been doing solar PV since the 1980s and have known each other since the early days. Terence tells the story how he was on a small airplane in the South Pacific in the 80s wearing a solar shirt and Ward Bower, the inventor of the grid-tied inverter, tapped him on the shoulder, which started his solar career full steam. Before that he was a marine biologist trying to figure out how to get electricity on a 12 acre island, so he could study oysters. The moral of this story is to always wear a solar T-shirt. Johnny Weiss is famous for starting Solar Energy International (SEI) in 1991 and has been working with PV modules since the mid 1980s. The story of how we decided to do this podcast goes... Johnny invited me to see the SEI campus a few weeks ago and I asked him to be on the podcast. I told him how Terence Parker was going to be on it, and he had great things to say about Terence, so we decided to make Johnny the surprise guest. Johnny was very helpful at helping me interview Terence, so he is probably going to help me interview more historical figures. Here are some of the names we dropped and things we talked about: Arco Solar MREA SEI Bob Ramlow Solis Solar Bridge Ken Olsen Home Power Richard Perez Borneo Sri Lanka Brazil World Bank Sandia Unisolar Out of the jungle Ward Bower Walked the PCH Diving for oysters Remote work Set Long Beach Convention Center on fire (need a follow up podcast on this one) Vestas Offshore wind Small wind Mick Sagrillo Bob-O Schultze LinkedIn pages Terence Parker (not to be confused with Trey Parker of South Park) https://www.linkedin.com/in/terence-parker-2844a15/ Johnny Weiss (same last name as mine, but in a different language): https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnny-weiss-b025106/ To find out more, go to www.SolarSEAN.com and get NABCEP certified!

Matthew Kappers is the CEO of The Coretec Group. The Coretec Group is known for their expertise in silicon nanoparticles to push the boundaries of silicon engineering and battery development. They are using their main expertise to develop an anode with a high concentration of silicon that will significantly boost the performance of lithium-ion batteries. In this podcast we are going to talk about anodes and how these anodes could potentially be used with other types of batteries and other types of electrolytes. Let us hear from Matthew Kappers on how he and his team work with anodes, which is what makes their company so special! Besides being an informative discussion, it was also a good conversation, which you can now join! Here is a list of the topics we cover: Coretec Group's Endurion battery technology Silicon nanoparticles Anodes Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer Increasing lithium ion battery capacity by 100% with 20% silicon Most EV batteries have no silicon 100% silicon anode would increase capacity 10x Drop in solution Partner with battery manufacturer Patents Silicon vs. silicone Specific energy is per weight Energy density is energy per volume Most people say energy density when they mean specific energy Lithium anode battery (not rechargeable) Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cobalt mining Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cathodes Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) cathodes Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA) cathodes CRTG stock ticker Slurry technology Driving an EV across the country with one charge Rocket equation for Cannonball Run Earth by weight there is more iron than anything else Battery recycling 2nd life batteries Vehicle to grid (V2G) EV less expensive per kWh than home battery Lead toxicity Lithium nontoxic Visit The Coretec Group here: Website: www.thecoretecgroup.com Youtube: www.youtube.com/@thecoretecgroup7034 Twitter: www.twitter.com/CoretecGroupInc LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/the-coretec-group-inc Find out more, educate yourself, go to www.solarSEAN.com Take Sean's Energy Storage Boot Camp and be in the know!

Learn how solar is manufactured right here in the USA with a long time CEO of a US (Minnesota) and Canada (Ontario) solar manufacturer. Heliene Solar started up in 2010 and is still growing, especially with the Inflation Reduction Act climate. In this podcast Martin Pochtaruk takes us down an assembly line so you can learn from start to finish how a modern solar module is made. Here are some of the terms we cover: Encapsulant An encapsulated mosquito in a solar cell (a Jurassic Park event) Electroluminescent Microcracks Busbars Lamination Half-cells Junction boxes Potting Multi-arm robot Silicon cement High voltage testing (1500V) Flash testing Current voltage curve 1.5AM STC Factory temperature PID (Potential Induced Degradation) PERC (Passive Emitter Rear Contact)< TOPCon = 3 processes on top of a PERC cell N-type P-type Heterojunction Polysilicon Ingot Wafer Cell China Ontario Canada Feed-in-tariff (FIT) Sarnia Ontario Sault Ste Marie Solar modules are like windows Check out: www.heliene.com To learn more about how solar is manufactured, and everything else about solar and storage, go to www.solarSEAN.com

In this podcast we have Bill Brooks talking energy storage system (ESS) Codes, with emphasis on the National Electrical Code (NEC). Be sure to get Sean and Bill’s latest book, which is the 3rd edition of PV and the NEC, based on the 2023 NEC. To find where to get different versions of the NEC including the 2023 NEC for free check out the NEC tab at solarSEAN.com. Disclaimer: This podcast was recorded in 2021. Keywords NEC Article 706 for Energy Storage Systems, UL 9540, Article 480, nominal voltage, cycling batteries, UL 1973, residential code, UL 1989, AHJ, inspector advice, communications between battery and inverter, flywheels, flow batteries, UPS, Australia and Hawaii, NexTracker, inverter output circuit, nameplate on ESS, apparent power, fault currents limited, maximum output current definition, LG chem battery, power converter, OSHA NRTL, ETL, Intertech, UL, SMA, UL standards writing entity vs. UL testing entity, 2021 International Residential Code, Tesla Powerwall, storage inverter, Ginlong, 9540A, liquid cooled vs. air cooled, Enphase Barbecue, Enphase in boiled water, ESS disconnecting means, readily accessible, unbalanced interconnections, single-phase inverters on 3-phase services, voltage rise, 705.12 Load-Side Connections, 710 Stand Alone Systems, plaque or directory, wire sizing, ampacity, overcurrent protection device, rounding up wire size to common overcurrent protection device size, energy storage is a source and a load, using continuous current instead of surge current, inverter input circuit current, diversion loads, C40 charge controllers without maximum power point tracking and diversion loads, energy storage as a diversion load, hot water loads, pulse with modulation (PWM), 150% correction factors for diversion loads, dc-to-dc converters, required ampacity for continuous current vs. continuous current, commercial and industrial (C&I). Links: Bill Brooks, P.E.: www.brooksolar.com www.solarSEAN.com www.HeatSpring.com/SEAN

David Bliss is the CEO/Founder of Faraday Microgrids. Besides being a renewable energy CEO, David Bliss also has a medical degree and is a qualified General Surgeon and Licensed California Pediatric Surgeon. There are many people in the renewable industry with a wide variety of skills! Faraday Microgrids is a licensed general contracting company. Some of their accomplishments pertain to pioneering systems for hospitals and healthcare institutions. Faraday Microgrids constructed the first renewable energy microgrid to interconnect to a vitally important power branch of a California hospital at the Kaiser Permanente site in Richmond. Faraday Microgrids is wide open to develop and design projects. They focus on essential sectors including healthcare, industrial, manufacturing, and community safety. You may also contact David Bliss and his team by checking here! Faraday Microgrids’ Website: www.faradaymicrogrids.com Faraday Microgrids’ Office: 949-305-7820 To find out more and educate yourself, go to www.solarSEAN.com

There are so many reasons to go solar and so many people with different opinions of why. Rather than arguing about why everyone needs to go solar, let's get together, as humans and install more solar and storage! Forgetting about our differences and working together on this project, is what will have the greatest effect. Instead of letting politics divide us, let's come together and Here are some of the reasons that people go solar: Saving money Climate change Green jobs Oil wars Giving our money to dictators Energy independence Neat technology Backup power Living off grid Disconnecting from utilities Prepping for the worst Going green Clean air Good health Personally, I like going solar for all of these reasons, but just because someone else is politically against some of these things, does not mean that we should alienate them from this great family of an industry! This podcast is being released during my RE+ NEC workshop with Bill Brooks. I have taught this workshop at every RE+/SPI since 2012! Celebrate! Good times! To learn more about solar and storage and to get NABCEP certified, go to www.solarSEAN.com

Sean White was the guest on the Clean Power Hour podcast at the American Solar Energy Society in Boulder Colorado on August 10, 2023. We are reposting this podcasst, which you can also listen to on Tim Montegue's awesome Clean Power Hour podcast, which you can find at www.cleanpowerhour.com The main topic we discussed was, "Can renewables replace fossil fuels". Tim Montegue's co-host is: John Fitzgerald Weaver Known online as “The Commercial Solar Guy,” Solar professional and project developer. John Fitzgerald Weaver works as the General Manager of CSG Developers LLC and a technical writer for pv magazine USA, where he covers solar industry data, equipment and manufacturers, trends, regulations and much more! Reach John Fitzgerald Weaver here! LinkedIn Account: www.linkedin.com/in/johnfitzgeraldweaver/ Company Website: www.commercialsolarguy.com/ RSS Feed: www.commercialsolarguy.com/news/ Clean Power Show Notes (directly pasted from the Clean Power Hour): Special guest Sean White, master PV trainer and host of Sean White's Solar and Energy Storage Podcast is joining us LIVE from Boulder Colorado at the ASES Conference (American Solar Energy Society). Please take our listener survey. Stay up to date with the latest solar, wind, and energy storage news and analysis. Join co-hosts Tim Montague, solar & storage expert, and John Weaver, PV Magazine journalist, as they reflect on the latest tools, technologies, and trends driving the energy transition forward. With a strong commitment to decarbonizing the economy and building a safer, healthier future for humanity, this show is a must-watch for any energy professional looking to stay ahead of the game. Don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel, rate and review us on Apple or Spotify, and join us live every Thursday at 12 noon EST / 9 AM Pacific. Contact us at [email protected] or visit www.CleanPowerHour.com to learn more. Support the show Connect with Tim Clean Power Hour Clean Power Hour on YouTube Tim on Twitter Tim on LinkedIn Email [email protected] Review Clean Power Hour on Apple Podcasts The Clean Power Hour is produced by the Clean Power Consulting Group and created by Tim Montague. Contact us by email: [email protected] Corporate sponsors who share our mission to speed the energy transition are invited to check out https://www.cleanpowerhour.com/support/ The Clean Power Hour is brought to you by CPS America, maker of North America’s number one 3-phase string inverter, with over 6GW shipped in the US. With a focus on commercial and utility-scale solar and energy storage, the company partners with customers to provide unparalleled performance and service. The CPS America product lineup includes 3-phase string inverters from 25kW to 275kW, exceptional data communication and controls, and energy storage solutions designed for seamless integration with CPS America systems. Learn more at www.chintpowersystems.com The Clean Power Hour is produced by the Clean Power Consulting Group and created by Tim Montague. Please subscribe on your favorite audio platform and on Youtube: bit.ly/cph-sub | www.CleanPowerHour.com | contact us by email: [email protected] | Speeding the energy transition! For more information on solar, storage and everything else, go to www.solarSEAN.com

Geoff Ferrell is the Senior Vice President of VPP and C&I Projects Business at Sonnen Inc. He also worked as a Chief Technology Officer in Mandalay Homes at Arizona. As the former Chief Technology Officer of Mandalay Homes, Geoff Ferrell was a leader in the development of technology in the construction industry and a specialist in building science. In 2017, Sonnen started working with Soleil Lofts, a multi-family community in Herriman, Utah, south of Salt Lake City, that has 600 units and is totally powered by electricity. It is a part of a project of Rocky Mountain Power. This podcast was recorded in Jamestown Colorado You can also reach Geoff Ferrell on his social accounts! Sonnen website: www.sonnenusa.com Threads: www.threads.net/@geoffferrell LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/geoff-ferrell-733466a8/ Twitter: www.twitter.com/ferrell_geoff?lang=en Greg Smith on Sean's podcast in 2020 (when Greg was with Sonnen): Part 1: podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/greg-smith-of-sonnen-battery-and-formerly-of-sma-part-1/id1441958371?i=1000474026142 Part 2: podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/greg-smith-of-sonnen-battery-part-2/id1441958371?i=1000474817340 Part 3: podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/greg-smith-of-sonnen-battery-part-3/id1441958371?i=1000477208295 Part 4: podcasts.apple.com/ph/podcast/greg-smith-of-sonnen-battery-part-4-of-4/id1441958371?i=1000486509610 To find out more and educate yourself, go to www.solarSEAN.com

In this podcast we have Bill Brooks talking energy storage system (ESS) Codes, including the NEC, IFC, IBC, IRC, IEC, but mostly the NEC. Be sure to get Sean and Bill’s latest book, which is the 3rd edition of PV and the NEC, based on the 2023 NEC. To find where to get different versions of the NEC including the 2023 NEC for free check out the NEC tab at solarSEAN.com. Disclaimer: This podcast was recorded in 2021. Keywords/topics covered: Self-consumption EVs Frequency regulation Voltage regulation Energy storage systems Ac-coupled Dc-coupled SolarEdge Generac Powerwall Enphase Ac-modules Outback Power Multimode inverter Sunny Island Sunny Boy Article 702, 705, 710 Isolation device vs. transfer switch Microgrid mode Interactive inverters Reverse dc-coupled 400V bus voltage Dc converters, 690.71 Article 480 Electric supply and distribution network NEC Handbook Commentary UL9540 UL 1973 LG Chem Nominal voltages Lead-acid 2V Alkali Lithium iron phosphate 3.2V Cobalt type of lithium-ion 3.6V LiFePo4 Nickel Charging ranges Batteries are not constant voltage Dc-converters required Storage battery Telecoms industry battery systems not regulated by NEC NEC 90.2 Equalization Sulfation Trojan L16 Lead-acid battery IRC UL 9540 requirements no UL 9540 listed lead-acid batteries and IRC requires UL 9540 for residential (in dwellings) Off-gassing Stratification Emergency disconnects Hawaii systems Energy Storage System Labeling Rules for protection of battery terminals for wiring Article 110 Spaces between batteries on NABCEP PVIP exam Ground fault protection Links: Bill Brooks, P.E.: www.brooksolar.com www.solarSEAN.com www.HeatSpring.com/SEAN

Buy this book here: https://www.amazon.com/PV-NEC-Sean-White/dp/100318099X This long podcast is a reading of chapter 5 of the book, which covers NEC Article 690 Part IV of the 2023 NEC. Every 3 years when the NEC comes out, it is a tradition for me to read and post a poetry reading of Article 690 Photovoltaic Systems. I have already posted parts I through III on this podcast, which you can go back and listen to. Sean White and Bill Brooks will be presenting this material at RE+ in Vegas in September and at Intersolar in San Diego in January, so be sure to check out their live workshops in person. The 2023 NEC material will be posted on HeatSpring soon, as it is in production now, so keep an eye out! The NEC can be dry, and we do our best to make it exciting!! Don't get shocked, unless you are shocked about how we present ourselves!!

Rod Matthews specializes in commercial and industrial (C&I) scale micro-grids and we get into the details of what a microgrid is and how they can benefit customers. Some of the topics we cover include: Microgrid definitions (NREL and NEC, which are different). Minigrid definition (never connected to the grid) Time-of-Use (TOU) Rates up to $0.74/kWh (or 1 Euro per kWh in Germany) NABCEP PV Technical Sales (PVTS) Lithium Ferrous Phosphate, aka LFP, Lithium Iron Phosphate Dendrites with lithium-metal batteries Silicon anodes Virtual Power Plant (VPP) design Distributed Power Energy Resource Management System Service Artificial Intelligence and Microgrids Internet of Things (IOT) sensors Operation and Maintenance (O&M) contracts Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) Capital Expenditures (CapEx) Grid controller systems Microgrid Equipment Demand Charges vs. Energy Charges Expensive electricity is good for the industry Living without electricity Intersolar in San Diego in January RE+ in Vegas in September The renewable energy family at the conferences Sailor of the year Doing good for the planet while making money Clean Energy Buyers Association (CEBA) Check out Rod's Brevian Energy website: www.brevianenergy.com To learn more about solar, storage and the solution to all of your and everyone else's troubles, go to www.solarSEAN.com or www.HeatSpring.com/Sean

There are many ways to define the largest BESS and since the industry is growing so excitingly fast, it is difficult to explain exactly which is the largest. We are going to talk about 7 big ones here: 1. Vistra: Moss Landing California US 2021 400MW/1600MWh 2. Crimson Storage: Blythe California US 2022 350MW/1400MWh 3. Manatee: Florida US 2021 (largest with PV) 409MW/900MWh 4. Victorian Big Battery: NSW Australia 2021 300MW/450MWh 5. McCoy Solar / BESS: Blythe California US 2021 230MW/920MWh 6. Elkhorn Battery: Moss Landing California US 2022 182.5MW/730MWh Number 7 on this list is not the 7th largest battery today, but gets mentioned because it was once the largest in the world, first to reach 100MW way back in 2017 and was made because of a crazy social media bet. If you are listening to this podcast in 10 years, it will be funny to compare these largest systems to the new largest BESSs in the world. What will they be? 100GWhs? Crazy to imagine this kind of growth!! For more knowledge about energy storage systems, go to www.solarSEAN.com and take some energy storage classes!!

Sean is recording this podcast from Australia where he is about to teach a utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS) course for CPD International. This is some of the material that will be included in the course. In this podcast, we will go over different battery chemistries, focusing on the three main types of lithium-ion batteries used these days, which include: 1. Lithium Iron Phosphate (aka LFP or LiFePo or LiFePo4) 2. Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (aka NMC or NCM) 3. Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (aka NCA) We will talk about the availability of these elements on Earth, the toxicity of them, we will compare and contrast to lead-acid and nickel iron batteries and we will take a dive into the controversial Cobalt, which is said to have a supply chain where child labor is often used in the Congo. Australia does lithium and cobalt mining, which is part of the solution, however the use of cobalt free lithium-ion batteries, which means LFP seems to be the solution, however the batteries with cobalt do have a higher specific energy (not to be confused with energy density). Specific energy = energy per weight (most important for EVs) Energy density = energy per volume For more go to www.solarSEAN.com or take an energy storage class at www.heatspring.com/sean Thanks for listening!!

Jeffrey Max is the CEO of Ascent Solar Technologies, Inc. otherwise known on the stock market ticker as ASTI. Jeff is a turnaround CEO and we're going to find out what that means, Serial tech entrepreneur and investor. In over 30 years he has founded, built and incubated different global companies with multiple exits in financial services, payments, mobile commerce, adtech and aerospace. Jeff is driving the company's global positioning as a leader in flexible thin-film solar technologies. In addition to several Board positions, Jeff advises and mentors a select group of portfolio companies and founding executives in aerospace, biomed and adtech. Jeff Max has been the Chief Executive Officer of Ascent Solar Technologies since October.

"Microgrid" is a term that is thrown around a lot and a lot of people using this term are not using it as it is defined in the NEC. The 2023 NEC has a few new microgrid terms. Additionally the 2023 NEC has renamed AC Coupling and DC Coupling to be AC Interconnected and DC Interconnected. Have fun and listen and by the way, go to www.solarSEAN.com and become certifiably NABCEPed!

Herve Billiet is an electro-mechanical engineer who co-designed the first Belgian solar car way back when he was 21 years old. Soon after, he was invited by MIT in Boston to advance its sustainable transportation initiatives. He went on to design his first residential solar PV system in 2009 using the 2008 National Electrical Code. Herve is from Europe but he knows the National Electrical Code he's not an expert over there designing solar systems in Europe. And another thing is he worked for a few consulting firms, Accenture among them, and the US Department of Energy as a Strategy Consultant working on some of the largest renewable energy projects in the world. I bet that's getting bigger every day. He's a business partner with Joe Marhamati whom he met at the Department of Energy’s Headquarters to establish Ipsun Solar. Herve and Joe grew Ipsun Solar from a small local installer to a prominent installer in the Northern Virginia Washington DC area doing both residential and commercial solar and advocacy for solar. Herve and Joe were seen roaming the NABCEP conference. Cool dudes! While they were running a solar business Herve saw the need for better software and co-founded Ipsun Sunvoy and we're going to get into what they do but they make tools and things coordinating different types of software and communications together. It’s awesome! He’s a proud father of three boys, a CEO and he is fighting climate change.

At the COP 27 conference there was a lot of talk about other issues besides climate change, which I thought was interesting. Here were my notes: I find it interesting at COP27 that there are a lot of other issues that are not directly about solving the CO2 crisis. Human rights, sexual rights, indigenous rights and economic injustice are all very important and all can be indirectly linked to climate change problems, but we need to get the jerks that are against justice on the side of reducing CO2 growth fast in order to move forward fast. There are many jerks, especially in Florida (that’s a joke), that see human rights as something called “woke” and then when you combine it with CO2 problems, they are automatically against both at once. We need to fix the emergency, make the race to lower the CO2 rate an economic issue that even greedy selfish people can stand behind. Greedy selfish people can stand behind energy security, energy independence, ramping up the cheapest form of energy production, factories in America, good paying jobs, making it a made locally issue. We are not going to get there without the greedy selfish people on our side. We must get along! We are at a time when doing the right thing is also doing the greedy thing, since renewable energy is the future and will make the next wave of millionaires and billionaires. This podcast was originally written at the UN COP27 conference in Egypt in November 2022 and then tied up back at home. To learn about the technical aspects of solar go to www.solarSEAN.com and become certifiably NABCEP.

In this podcast Bill gets down to the basics talking about PV IV curves, Short Circuit Current (Isc), Maximum Power Current (Imp), Open Circuit Voltage (Voc), Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp), Maximum Power Point (MPP), Light Emitting Diodes (LED) in reverse is a solar cell or aka photo diode and if you put power into a solar cell it makes invisible light (infrared). To learn more go to www.solarSEAN.com and get NABCEP certified while you are at it!

We take something that can be boring and run it through the Sean White "boring-to-exciting converter" and out comes something sounding fun! In this podcast we go over different ways of disconnecting solar circuits. To learn more, go to www.solarSEAN.com or www.HeatSpring.com/sean Sean White teaches in-person and on-demand online solar and storage courses everywhere. He is currently writing a book on the 2023 NEC with Bill Brooks.

This podcast was recorded at the COP27 climate conference in Sharm El Sheikh Egypt on November 16 2022. COP stands for something boring, Conference of the Parties, which means that countries and other organizations are the parties. Sometimes I look at what our countries are doing and it is like we are having a big fossil fuel party! It is literally powering parties like Burning Man with flames of fuel! Anyway, this is the 27th year of COP, so it is called COP 27 and the more famous one was in Paris, when they made the Paris Accord or Paris Agreement, back when we had a very famous and likable Kenyan President at COP 21. This is where the US, China and all of the other big CO2 emitters made an agreement to do things to limit temperature rises to 1.5C over preindustrial levels. Being an American, I do not like the 1.5C number, since we use F for Fahrenheit and a change of 1C is the same as a change of 1.8F, so 1.5C x 1.8 = 2.7F. Anyone that uses F for the temperature of their house or the beach should not use C only when they are talking about climate temperatures, unless they are trying to downplay the emergency. Not since the rock that took out the dinosaurs (except for the birds, which are dinosaurs) has the climate changed so fast. Humans are extremely smart and can tell the temperature of the earth throughout the ages and the CO2 in the atmosphere. There have always been slow gradual changes, but nothing like this without an asteroid. We humans are so smart, that we can also fix this emergency very fast. The big topic in the news this year is about having the rich countries that have contributed the most to CO2 in the atmosphere to help pay for the other countries that are too poor to do much about it. They have high interest rates, to the point where it is like financing things on a high interest credit card, which is financially impossible to make and investment world form. The problem I see is that in the biggest polluting country of them all, my country, the USA, we have something called politics and there are enough people against paying for our original sin (we are in a biblical place here), that it is not going to happen on a big scale, no matter how bad the US President wants it. So what is going to make this happen? Here is my solution… I see that humans and other organisms can grow like a virus (go viral). You see doubling rates and as many of you may know, of you double a dollar for a month, you have over a billion dollars. In fact if the month has 31 days, you get 2x more than a 30 day month. Now we can translate this to a disruptive technology, such as solar, wind and storage. We are getting doubling rates and the trick here is to speed up the doubling rate. Not to accept a 4 year doubling rate, to go for a 1 year doubling rate. Some pessimists will have plenty of reasons why this cannot happen, and the answer is that the reason that this cannot happen is if we listen to pessimists. We have to scale like we are putting the effort of a world war into it and the big thing here is instead of having a war and having a lot of people die, we have seen that wars can be good for the economy, so we can have a huge economic boom, without the war deaths. It is inevitable that we will scale up solar, wind and storage, the question is how slow (or fast) are we going to go? If we go fast, there are many benefits, plus we are going to do it anyway, so let’s get it done. Solar and Wind are already the cheapest forms of energy in the world. Energy storage is getting less expensive and in a few years, it will economically stupid to buy a new car that is not an EV and these EVs can easily be plugged in and wired for grid support, which will happen. The question is, are we going to sit around and whine, or are we humans going go get it done! We are humans. We are the smartest thing in the universe. We can easily figure this out. If we put in an effort, we can pick a temperature and dial it in. We can put CO2 from the atmosphere back underground where it came from and set a thermostat. We are humans. We can do anything we set our minds too. It will happen, the question is when. Waiting is stupid. Getting it done now is smart and makes big money. If the poor countries want a strategy, they can align themselves with the counties that help them set up solar, wind and storage. If the US wants to set up a base on some island, then it needs to come with solar, wind and storage. Perhaps if the island nation has a low credit rating, the US (or other country) can bring their credit rating to the base. There are other low CO2 solutions, but we see right now that solar and wind are the least expensive, so it is a scaling solution. We need factories, good labor, robots making robots that make PV, wind and solar. If we distract ourselves with excuses, neat ideas that do not come to fruition and blame for what someone did 50 years ago, then we will keep walking in circles. The solution is here. The solution will bring us out

2021 IRC requirements for ESS units to be less than 20kWh, 3-foot separation between ESS units, exceptions due to large-scale fire testing (UL 9540A), distance of ESS from garage window vs. window of living space, SolSmart.org PV, Future SolSmart ESS material Bill is developing, 2024 IRC Proposals, lithium-ion not good on the outside of a house in cold places and NFPA 855 Standard for ESS.

This video is based on the 2018 IFC and there are many places that are using the 2018 IFC, in fact I just taught an ESS class to inspectors based on the 2015 IFC. You will have to check your own state to see which version is adopted. At the time I am writing this, the 2018 IFC is the most widely used version, although the 2021 IFC has already been released. Additionally, most of the language between different versions is the same, so understanding one version means you mostly understand the other. Don’t be one of those people that overly worries about studying a different version of a Code. Topics we cover include: Large-scale fire testing (UL 9540A) FMEA Container batteries/ESS Lead-acid, NiCad Lithium-ion Maximum sizes Maximum allowable battery quantities UL 9540 UL 1973 EMS energy management systems BMS battery management systems

The 2023 NEC has been released and it is time to see how voltage, current and rapid shutdown look in the future! 2023 690 Part 2 includes: 690.7 Voltage 690.8 Current 690.9 OCPD 690.11 DC Arc Fault Protection 690.12 Rapid Shutdown Reading the NEC can be heavy stuff, so if you do not get it the first time around, try listening to it backwards synced with Dark Side of the Moon. Then you will get the secret meaning. Learn more and take happy classes on deciphering the Code at www.solarSEAN.com or www.HeatSpring.com/sean

Rapid Shutdown has traditionally meant putting module level power electronics in the array for PV systems on buildings. There has always been this part of the NEC 690.12(B)(2)(1) that gave you an option to comply with rapid shutdown inside the array with a listed hazard control system. Surprisingly, we can now go back to having something to what rapid shutdown used to be in the 2014 NEC, which we called array level rapid shutdown. Let’s see if someone gets something like this listed for a residential roof. Links: https://www.sma-america.com/newsroom/current-news/news-details/news/5123-sma-america-and-sollega-partner-to-debut-the-first-ul-3741-pvhcs-certified-commercial-and-indus.html https://files.ironridge.com/flat-roof-mounting/resources/brochures/IronRidge_BX_System_UL3741_Installation_Addendum.pdf https://solarbuildermag.com/featured/ul-3741-rooftop-pv-system-complies-with-nec-690-12-without-mlpe/ To see a visual version, take these classes at www.HeatSpring.com/sean 40-Hour NABCEP Advanced PV Certification Training and CEUS 30-Hour NABCEP Advanced PV Certification Training and CEUS 2020 NEC PV, Energy Storage, Building and Fire Codes for PV System Inspectors

Every time the NEC comes out, I do a reading of my favorite NEC articles. I like to think of it as sort of a poetry reading, since I will try to make it as least dry (wet) as possible. This time I am going to give some commentary, so it is up to you to figure out what is Code and what is me interpreting and making Code fun by understanding the tone of my voice. Here is where you can get free access to the 2023 NEC from the NFPA website: https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards/detail?code=70 This podcast is 690 Part 1 General, so stay tuned for more 690 Parts and more 2023 NEC articles, such as 2023 NEC 706 and more!! Here are a few of the new things happening here in 2023 NEC 690 Part 1: We can now say string! Before it was a PV source circuit (and it still is). Floatovoltaics: Yes we have mention of special requirements for floating PV, which sort of reminds me of my and Bill's Sailboat. Now you can put boating on your PV resume. I describe some images so you can get the audio version of the visual, which is good brain exercise and prevents alzheimers

This is a re-posting of a podcast where Sean White is interviewed by Tim Montegue on the Clean Power Hour Podcast. If you have not already, be sure to save the Clean Power Hour podcast to your favorites. Tim is very active and has all kinds of experts on his podcast, including Jigar Shaw of the Department of Energy (Episode 83). I was honored to be interviewed on the Clean Power Hour and listen to the Clean Power Hour religiously. Tim took my NABCEP PV Technical Sales Course at HeatSpring, so if it is good enough for Tim, it is good enough for you! Show Notes From Clean Power Hour: Get a 15% discount to attend Midwest Solar Expo with discount code: CPH15. www.MidwestSolarExpo.com/, the premier B2B solar and clean energy event in the region. As innovation in solar chugs along and consumer perception climbs and falls, one thing is true. New terminology – with accompanying acronyms – appears almost daily right now in solar industry. From “solar economics” to “virtual power plants (VPP) ” to “frequency regulation” and “vehicle to grid (V2G),” these terms are the future of solar. And solar is climbing high. Sean White is an award-winning solar photovoltaic (PV) professor, master trainer, solar contractor and author of several books, including Solar Photovoltaic Basics, Solar PV Engineering and Installation, PV Technical Sales, PV and the NEC and Energy Storage Basics. On this episode of Clean Power Hour, Sean joins Tim to talk about important milestones in the history of solar technology from its inception in the 1950’s to its maturity today. They discuss solar energy storage, bidirectional car batteries, self-consumption systems, V2G, VPPs, getting to cash positive, plus details on important upcoming industry conferences. Listen in to bring that expertise to the forefront to tackle any business challenge, hire new talent, acquire new business and so much more. Key Takeaways Milestones in PV cell development from its invention in 1954 to one gigawatt installed worldwide in 2000 to one terawatt installed worldwide in 2022 How the price adoption curve has played a major role in the solar industry How battery size and availability introduce the new frontier of solar: “solar plus storage” Why California has half of solar energy production and its likely status-change to a “self-consumption system” in the very near future Sean’s predicted boom of self-consumption systems and how the “price is right” for bidirectional batteries in electric vehicles The essential missing piece that is the main barrier to V2G technology Which mainstream car company is actively working on a V2G-ready car How solar energy will become economical in 5-10 years Why energy storage can assist with “frequency regulation” (injecting extra power into the grid or holding back when necessary) How the “solar coaster” came to be and why solar could be the next massive money-maker How utilities pushing back sends consumers migrating off grid Connect with Sean SolarSEAN.com Sean on LinkedIn Books by Sean White House Solar Connect with Tim Clean Power Hour Clean Power Hour on YouTube Tim on Twitter Tim on LinkedIn Email [email protected] Review Clean Power Hour on Apple Podcasts Resources HeatSpring.com Grid Alternatives RE+ Southeast Conference, May 11-12, 2022 Re+ Conference, September 19-22, 2022 InterSolar North America Conference, February 14-16, 2023 RE+ Northeast Confe The Clean Power Hour is produced by the Clean Power Consulting Group and created by Tim Montague. Please subscribe on your favorite audio platform and on Youtube: bit.ly/cph-sub | www.CleanPowerHour.com | contact us by email: [email protected] | Speeding the energy transition!

Some of the areas of the NEC that we cover in this podcast are: NEC Article 702 Optional Standby Systems, Load Control, Disconnecting Means, UL 1741 for Power Control Systems, 706.15 Location Control for 1 and 2-family Dwellings Quotes: Bill Brooks (soon to be famous quotes). “Tesla, Enphase, SolarEdge, are all getting listed as energy management systems.” “You will damage most generators if you run out of fuel under load.” “Hey Siri, turn off my ESS.” “Here’s what happened in the 2023 Code.” “706.15 Location Control for 1- and 2-Family Dwellings, an ESS shall include an emergency shutdown function to cease the export of power from the ESS to the premises wiring of other systems.” “You could have a device that could have rapid shutdown and ESS emergency shutdown” “you could use the same switch” This is a recording of part of an NEC workshop at the Intersolar 2022 conference at the Long Beach California Convention Center in January 2022. The workshop was titled: Energy Storage, PV and the NEC. Bill Brooks is instrumental in the process of coming up with material for the NEC for renewable energy systems, especially for solar, energy storage and interconnections. Although the 2023 NEC has not been finalized or published, this is as good of a preview as you can get for knowing what the future will bring. Many manufacturers, engineers, CEOs and other decisionmakers can make better informed decisions about the future, knowing what will be in the National Electrical Code. Bill Brooks is on NEC Code Making Panel 4 (the alternative energy panel) and has been perhaps the most active member of the PV Industry Forum, which is where new material for the NEC for Solar PV, Energy Storage and Interconnections are made. Bill has been working on Codes and Standards for 34 years. Bill Brooks and Sean White also published the book PV and the NEC. Note: This podcast was recorded on an iPhone 13 and to my surprise the recording quality was way better than expected, so we decided to podcast it! WARNING: Bill Brooks and Sean White sometimes think they are funny. If you disagree with this and do not like dad jokes, do not listen to this podcast.