英文小酒馆 LHH

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope.欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.What are we going to talk about today？I thought, since we’ve discussed about the Queen and her passing, I think it might be a good opportunity to discuss about our new King, King Charles III.Actually, at the end of that episode, you promised me that we're going to talk about King Charles III.Well, it's a big topic. So there's lots that we can discuss about this. Um. Honestly, this is… the whole idea of monarch这种君主制, it's still very, very foreign to me because we don't have a monarch anymore. And your monarch is a constitutional monarch, 君主立宪制.That's right. Let's start, first of all, what the king actually does or what the British monarch actually does. So first of all, the important role is that they are the head of state for the UK.Head of state. I see, Prime Minister is the head of government, and the King now is the head of state.Yeah, same as pretty much every other country that they have a head of state. It's normally the president in many countries, but in the UK, it is the King or Queen. So he is the head of state of the UK, and also his other role is the head of the commonwealth.So, basically, the old empire that's the left over…the old empire.Well. Many of the countries were part of the British Empire. There’re also some countries that weren't part of the British Empire. They've also joined. It's around 56 countries around the world with around 2.5 billion people.That's actually quite surprising.It's quite a large organization, and he is the King of 14 of those countries like… Canada, Australia, New Zealand. Yeah.But you say that he is the King of these countries, but these countries they have their own head of government and all that. King himself doesn't really hold a lot of real power, that's like my understanding of it.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Buzzword Mix. 欢迎回到我们的迷你双语板块【新词特饮】，短短几分钟让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资. In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Hangry. You’ve heard it right, not hungry, not angry, hangry. It's a combination of hungry and angry. So you probably can guess the meaning of hangry. Have you ever noticed that when you're really hungry, your tummy is rumbling. You are more likely to get angry, to lash out at unsuspecting loved ones or even innocent bystanders? 不知道你们有没有注意到, 当你饿着肚子的时候, 就很容易对身边的人发这种无名火. And this sudden, irrational rage is often referred to as “hanger”, a combo of hunger and anger. If you have hanger, you are hangry. 中文我觉得可以翻译成“饿到生气”. Now personally I have experienced that. For a period of time, I was having this no carb diet, and I was hungry all the time; and I had the worst temper, I would get angry for no particular reasons. 我个人可是体验过 hangry的感觉. 原来有段时间去做这种断碳饮食, 然后经常会饿, 然后脾气特别臭. Now you might think this is just a meme, a joke. 很多人可能觉得这个hangry就是一个梗.But actually now the experts are saying it is a very real thing. And the explanation they offer is when you haven't eaten for a while, the level of sugar glucose in your blood decreases. 当你饥饿到一定程度的时候, 你的血糖就会降低. When your blood sugar gets too low, it triggers a cascade of hormones, 这个时候就会触发你身体里的很多激素出现改变, including cortisol皮质醇, this is a stress hormone这是一个压力激素, and adrenaline 肾上腺素. And these hormones are released into your bloodstream to raise and rebalance your blood sugar. 因为血糖过低促使这些激素的分泌. Some of these hormones are related to anger and aggression. 而这些激素跟生气、攻击性都会有关. To be more specific, there are parts of our brains that help us control our emotions and regulate our behaviors. But if we have very low glucose level or blood sugar, this means the higher brain functions are not working as well as they could be. So there may be a breakdown in those higher brain functions that help us modulate primitive responses, therefore we start lashing out. 说得更具体一点, 其实就是我们的大脑负责管控情绪和行为的部分, 这些更高级的功能, 它需要血糖值达到一定的程度才能够正常运行; 而过度饥饿, 血糖值过低的时候, 这些大脑的高级功能就容易出现问题, 于是我们就会出现情绪失控的状态. Essentially, it's not just our bodies that run on food, it's our brains. When we don't have the critical glucose at the needed levels, mechanisms of self-control over aggression break down. 我们吃下去的东西不光是维持我们肢体的运行, 同样也在供给我们的脑, 而当血糖达不到我们的大脑所需要的量的时候, 我们对于自己aggression攻击性和愤怒的自控能力就会开始出现消减. So, when you’re hangry, you’re not just more prone to snap at somebody because you’re hungry on a physical level, you’re actually hungry on a cerebral level in your brains;And the deprivation is causing your reactive filters to blur if not shut down completely.所以当我们说我们hangry饿到生气的时候, 不光是说饿着肚子觉得很生气, 而更多的是大脑出现了饥饿, 而这种饥饿让我们降低了这种自控能力, 开始出现了更加原始的攻击性行为。And interestingly, researchers have also documented the hangry phenomenon in relationships. 其实有研究就表明饿到生气的现象也会影响亲密关系. A study on married couples found that the lower the participants' blood sugar level, the angrier and more aggressive they felt toward their partners.在夫妻相处之间, 当一方的血糖值越低, 他们就会对自己的伴侣展现更多的愤怒和攻击性.

《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Let's Philosophize. 欢迎回来【知乎哲也】. Hi TJ. Hi Lulu. Thanks for having me back. What's the question you’re gonna ask me today？ Lulu, do you think that we should kill people to save other people？Okay! That is a rather strange question. Do you mean like killing bad people？Well, I mean they might be bad people, but uh, it's hard to know, right？What I'm talking about is a philosophy problem called The Trolley Problem. I don't know if you've heard of it before. 电车问题, but enlighten us anyway. So, it's from a 1967 philosophy paper by a philosopher called Philippa Foot, and she said I'll use her words and it's a little bit academic but I think it should be okay.“it may rather be supposed that he is the driver of a runaway tram [trolley] which he can only steer from one narrow track on to the other; five men are working on one track and one man on the other; anyone on the track he enters is bound to be killed.”就是说有这么一个失控的有轨电车, 然后在这个司机现在有1个选择要做, 就是两边的这2个铁轨在他自己在的这条轨上有5个人, 然后另外1条轨上有1个人, 如果他不变轨, 他就会直接把这5个人弄死。如果他要做一步操作, 变到另外一条轨道上, 就会杀死另外一条轨道上的那个人。So, this is the famous trolley problem. Well, if that is the question, you’re gonna ask me, I would say I will change track because killing one person is better than killing five people？Right, and that's a very intuitive logic, right？That 90% of people that you ask, say that uh, they would do the same thing, that they would switch the track, kill five people. And of course, we assuming these men are all working on the tracks, they do the same job. We don't know about their families, right？They all have families but five families unless this one man has a very very big family, I think the odds are that similar numbers of people will be upset per person, so it seems to make sense that you pick 5 over 1. Sounds like simple math, right？But not all the philosophers agree with that.

Buzzmix-Ep114-Meal prep 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】获得更多精彩内容。In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Meal Prep. Now this is a very simple phrase. “Meal” is just the three meals we have every day, “prep” is short for preparation. This is a quite popular trend on social media in recent years, especially before the pandemic. 今天的Buzzword我们就来聊聊, 前几年在社交媒体上很火的Meal Prep备餐这个概念. Meal prepping is the concept of preparing whole meals or dishes ahead of schedule. So instead of cooking the food and eating it straight away, you would prepare the food or the meal beforehand to eat it later. For example, you would spend some time on weekends to prepare for your meals for the following week. 备餐的概念其实很简单, 比如说你在周末花多一点时间, 把下面几天或者一周的饭食都准备好, 然后到每天要吃的时候, 只用简单的加热或者加工就可以吃了。Now this is particularly popular amongst busy people because it can save a lot of time. And having pre-prepared meals on hand can also reduce portion size and help you reach your nutrition goals. 除了可以省时间, 很多提前备餐的人也觉得这样可以更好地控制自己的portion, 就每一顿吃的分量, 并且可以更好的做到营养的均衡, 因为可以提前计算.This way when you're super busy or when you come home exhausted from work, you're less likely to order or eat junk food. Meal prepping is actually not a new thing. There has long been a strong culture around meal prepping, with numerous online communities, like Instagram accounts, Facebook groups, dedicated to documenting the process by sharing recipes, hacks, and even the best food containers. 不管是国内还是国外, 在各种的社交媒体上, 你都可以看到很多关于meal preps的社群或者是账号, 他们会分享recipes 菜谱, hacks一些备餐的小窍门, 甚至包括the best food containers, 会去推荐一些保存食物的容器.

Lulu: Hi, everyone. And welcome back to one of your favorite segments, TV Picks. 欢迎回到【荐剧版块】. You notice that usually I say Lulu's TV Picks, “璐璐荐剧”, but today I just said TV picks, that's because today's TV picks comes from Anlan. Hi, Anlan. Anlan: Hello. Lulu: Thank you for joining this other segment. Anlan: That's absolutely brilliant to come along. I love watching TV, so hopefully I might have a few TV picks that our fans might be interested in. Lulu: You certainly have a very different taste when it comes to TV picks. Anlan: Well yeah. I'm not big fan of crime shows or cop shows. Lulu: Horror. Anlan: Horror. Basically if you are like me and you don't really fancy being depressed watching SVU and other similar types of TV show, I think this segment might be good for you. Lulu: So enough with the suspense, what is the TV pick that you are going to share with us today？ Anlan: I'm going to share a lovely TV pick for you called All Creatures Great and Small. Lulu: All Creatures Great and Small. 中文译名叫《万物生灵》, 还有把它直译为《万物既伟大又渺小》. We actually wrote an article about this, it has been very popular in China as well. Anlan: Yes, it's really popular in the UK, and also very popular in America as well apparently. Lulu: But for those who have never heard of it, could you give us the background？ Anlan: Right. So All Creatures Great and Small is a remake of an earlier TV show in the 1980s which actually I watched when I was growing up, based on the books of James Herriot. Lulu: James Herriot. Anlan: Yeah. James Herriot was a British vet or veterinary doctor, who became a writer. Lulu: Vet is an animal doctor. Anlan: Yes. Lulu: 兽医. And that book or this TV series is basically about his experience of being a vet. Anlan: Yeah, basically in a very unique part of the UK called Yorkshire. Lulu: 约克郡. You hear that a lot in obviously a lot of the TV shows relating to UK. But what is Yorkshire actually like？I personally have never been to Yorkshire. Anlan: Well, Yorkshire is a county in the North of England. It's really famous for the dales. Lulu: Dales? Anlan: Dales are… it’s a type of park, it's a type of countryside, and it's really beautiful. Lulu: Dales中文就是谷地. They're like valleys. Anlan: Yeah, they're very small valleys, you know. It's not like the Grand Canyon or anything like that. They're just very small… Lulu: Quaint little valleys. Anlan: Yeah, with lots of villages, lots of farms as well. Hence, why he is a vet. Lulu: When British people think of Yorkshire, do they automatically think of beautiful countryside？ Anlan: Partly. Yes. Another word for Yorkshire, another name for Yorkshire is God's own country, and that's something that Yorkshire people do actually like to say because they… Lulu: They're very proud of it. Anlan: They are very proud. It's a very beautiful part of the UK. Yorkshire people, they're also quite unique as well. There's a bit of a stereotype about them that they are very direct, very honest, actually sometimes bordering on rude or being a bit stubborn. Lulu: Probably like no nonsense type of people. Anlan: Exactly. But in reality a lot of Yorkshire people they're very down to earth, they’re also very friendly as well. There are also some stereotypes that they're quite frugal and tight with money. But I would say probably they're a little bit more careful because Yorkshire was always traditionally a slightly poorer area of the UK. Lulu: It's just what you have described just paints a picture very much like traditional small town, small villages that type of idea. And the TV show is basically about a vet in Yorkshire. Anlan: That's it. In the program, it's about him coming to Yorkshire and living and working with another vet there whose name is Siegfried Farnon. Lulu: Farnon. Anlan: Farnon hired Herriot as a vet. And Farnon is actually quite eccentric.

关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】获取全文稿噢~National Day Special National Day 国庆日-Celebrate the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 Extended into a Golden Week Signature Elements 关键元素 -Pay tribute to national heroes at the Monument to the People’s Heroes向人民英雄纪念碑致敬 -The flag-raising ceremony at Tian’anmen Square天安门广场升旗仪式 -The guards marching -National anthem played by military band 军乐队奏国歌 -Festive decorations 节日装饰 -Military parade 阅兵式 -Live concerts 现场音乐会 -Firework shows and light shows 烟火表演和灯光秀 Patriotism 爱国主义 Feeling Patriotic 爱国之情油然而生 National day in other countries 其他国家的国庆日 USA – the Fourth of July Independence Day (the Fourth of July) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.Canada DayMost communities across the country will host organized celebrations for Canada Day, typically outdoor public events, such as parades, carnivals, festivals, barbecues, air and maritime shows, fireworks, and free musical concerts, as well as citizenship ceremonies. There is no standard mode of celebration for Canada Day. Australia DayAustralia Day is the official National Day of Australia. Celebrated annually on 26 January, it marks the anniversary of the 1788 arrival of the First Fleet of British ships at Port Jackson, New South Wales, and the raising of the Flag of Great Britain at Sydney Cove. In the UKBritain has no unique National Day. It has a number of days of celebration which go largely uncelebrated. There are special dates related to patron saints (守护圣者): St George’s Day in England, St Andrew’s Day in Scotland, St David’s Day in Wales and St Patrick’s Day in Northern Ireland.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~And talking about Prosecco being more popular in first tier cities in China especially how has the Prosecco sales in China grown in the past, let's say, five or ten years? Obviously, I know there is a pandemic, but before that what was the growth trajectory.Pre-pandemic we remember in 2019, we were doing quite well, around 20, 25% of growth. It was really good. The market was very much matured, but still a lot of people were actually picking prosecco, or especially hotels and restaurants as a free floor products or also cocktail products. For example, spritz took over pretty much in the Shanghai quite well, yeah. So it…we’re quite happy with the trend. Actually you talk about spritz, do you think the increasing popularity of spirits or just using Prosecco to mix a cocktail? Do you think that trend contributed to the growth in Prosecco sales? I do believe that is a factor to count in because definitely if you want to make the real spitz, the real spritz is made of prosecco obviously. So if the people are actually interested to try the spritz and they like it, of course restaurants, hotels, bars, they need more prosecco to do that. So it's a very, very connected factor to count in. Okay. And Mikelino, what do you see? You mostly sell to end consumers or also to business. Well, business is still more than 50% of my market mix, of my sales mix. And consumers are growing because there is also shortening of the supply chain. So the people like to go more direct in a direct source, so that if you are the importer, they like to talk to you directly more and more. This also helps the growth of the consumption and the trade. My trend is a little bit different, I'm more connected to the micro texture of the market, for example, I was less influenced by the recent events of the pandemic.I heard that your end consumers buying more.My end consumers are buying more, yes. We are doing well, I mean, just the only channel is growing, so the others are stable.I see.The prosecco is also very connected to the restaurant channels, so actually what we hope is that people can join more and more the restaurant life and this will help the sales to pick up again, especially like this the mixology with the cocktails what you mentioned. It's a driver for prosecco, it's a driver for many other drinks; it’s the driver for the wine, the icon consumption. It's a big, big movement in China now. And bringing in the social aspect of having that drink, Prosecco is a social drink, unlike perhaps some other drinks where you can imagine yourself just staying at home, having a little bit of scotch on your own, but prosecco is more like you know you talk and you drink that imagery. And then I know that you're both involved in a lot of events. You probably also hosted or organized lots of different events to promote wine or to prosecco. At these vents, how were you say collaborate with organizations like prosecco DOC Consortium like Casa Prosecco? How does it work? It works. There's a huge part is the communication that Casa Prosecco and Consortium does in China through like a program like this one or the publications. And then there’s a lot of offline events that involve… could be for consumers or could be for professional, depends. These are involving also brands. This is the perfect way to go on developing the market. You have to, as Matteo say that you have to educate people, and to educate the people, you have to open those bottles, you have to let them taste wines, to try more wines, and start recognizing the differences. This is for consumers, even professional people are, in the very end, they also are consumers. So knowing the characteristics, so when I go for events, when I participate in events organized by Prosecco, I go and I try different kind of wine, I try maybe dryer or less dryer profile aromatic profiles of the prosecco.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Infodemic. Now this is a combination of two words we all know too well, “information” and “pandemic”.由Information和Pandemic组成的这个词Infodemic, 中文里把它翻译成 “信息疫情”, 简称 “信疫”。 I'm sure you've heard of the expression going viral. 现在网络特别是社交媒体上, 如果一条新闻或者一条视频火了, 我们通常会说going viral病毒式的传播。But with more and more Information going viral overnight, what we can encounter is an infodemic. By definition, an infodemic is a rapid and far-reaching spread of both accurate and inaccurate Information about something, such as a disease. 所谓 “信息疫情” 就是指关于某一个话题一个事情, 比如说一个病毒, 整个网络会涌现出大量的真真假假的信息, 而这些信息会迅速的蔓延到互联网的每一个角落。As facts, rumors, and fears mix and disperse, it becomes difficult to learn essential information about an issue. 而随着这些事实、谣言还有恐惧不断的交织和传播, 作为普通人, 我们就很难了解关于这个事情的核心的有效信息。Now since we're still not out of the current pandemic, you might think the word infodemic has come out of the covid years, but actually this word isn’t new, it was coined in 2003, the year of SARS. 可能有的人会觉得infodemic这个词是在新冠这几年才出来的新词, 但实际上它是在03年非典的时候就被创造出来了。And it was coined by journalist and political scientist David Rothkopf in a Washington Post column. Back then he said, SARS is the story of not one epidemic but two, and the second epidemic, the one that has largely escaped the headlines, has implications that are far greater than the disease itself. That is because it is not the viral epidemic but rather an "information epidemic" or infodemic that has transformed SARS into a global economic and social debacle. 他当时就说非典其实要对付的是两个疫情, 一个是病毒的疫情, 还有一个造成更大的社会和经济影响的就是infodemic.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi everyone, today we have in our studio two guests from Italy. They're both wine experts and entrepreneurs themselves who have extensive experience in the wine industry, and also in promoting Italian wines, including Prosecco in China. First of all, let's say hi to Matteo and Mikelino. Hi, hi, everyone.Hello, hello, everyone.And welcome to the studio. First of all, I would like to ask both of you to give us a little bit of an idea of what you do. Could Matteo? So I actually work for one of the biggest importers and distributors in China. I work as a senior brand manager, not just for Italian wines, but for more than 28 brands from all around the world. And I'm in China 4 years, 20 years’ experience in the wine business.And based on our previous talk, you basically grew up with the entire wine culture, right?My family owns a small vineyard, a place called Valdobbiadene, which is the core area of Prosecco; and I worked in a winery before for 10 years, I worked in Maldives and Dubai as in hospitality. I worked in New York, and then a little bit in Moscow for a short period of time, and Shanghai. OK, a true expert. And Mikelino.I am an entrepreneur. I live in Shanghai, I work in Shanghai, people know me here as the wine guy, which is the name of my company, I thought it was suitable. I live in China since 15 years and I am a sommelier graduated by the Italian Sommelier Association. And wine is my passion.Mikelino, you said wine is your passion, and this is very interesting because when I talk to people who work in the wine industry, this tends to be the general feeling, general sentiment, a lot of people they would say you think about wine, it's not just drinking, it's about socializing, it's about a lifestyle. Would you agree with that?It is, actually, I didn't always work in wine, but in the very end, the life brought me to work with my passion. And also was… many people ask me and say, why don't you work in wine? Because people were referring to me for some wine suggestions. Where do I buy this? Where do I get that?And finally, I decided to move on and around 10 years ago, I started devoting my life to this business, even my wife finds it boring because she says I always talk about wine. Honestly speaking from a little bit of my own experience as a drinker, a lover of wine, obviously I'm no way an expert. I always remember before the pandemic I used to go to Italy a lot, I absolutely loved the country. When I went to Italy, sometimes I would join my local friends or new friends for aperitivo. Am I correct in pronouncing that?Yes. You pronounced it correctly. Aperitivo is a very important moment our social life in Italy, no matter if it's during the day or during the evening.So what is aperitivo?Aperitivo is a culture. Basically, it's the moments when usually finish your work or during weekends you get with your friends, usually before dinner, and you have a drink altogether, it’s a very social thing.And then this actually can get into a dinner thing as well. Which why years ago aperitivo was emerged with the word dinner, which is ‘Cena’ in Italian. And we started calling it ‘Apericena’ which is ‘Aperitivo’ and ‘Dinner’.So it basically you start with a drink, then use some small bites and cold cuts and pizza, and then goes into a 2 or 3 hours... 2 or 3 hours?It can be, yeah, I mean, back in the day when I was in Italy…but that happened when I go back in my hometown now as well, can be we meet at 6, 6:30, and then we can start drinking and eating and finishing out at 11. That's… sometimes it's quite normal.I guess especially on a hot summer day, when people are just basically standing around, maybe even outside and then just mingling with one another.No. That happens also in winter. It's every season…Four-season thing.It is every season.Every season.In summer, it's definitely easier because… Regardless of weather....

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】 Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. 安澜, every time I start the program by asking you what are we gonna talk about today, can I propose a topic？ Sure.So lately, one of the biggest news in the world is the death of your queen. And actually, when I was doing my Tuesday live streaming, 我周二晚上直播的时候, 正好有小伙伴问到我这个问题就是说how do British people feel about this？So I thought can we talk about that？It's a really, really interesting topic. It's a topic that we've been obviously discussing a lot in the UK because this is the first time we've ever had to deal with this situation for over 70 years. That's actually, first of all, the queen passed away on September the 8th. I know that she was 96 years old, and she had been on the throne for, you said, over 70 years. Just 70 years, she actually had a Platinum Jubilee this year. Platinum Jubilee is 70 years. Yep. You have Diamond Jubilee which is 60 years, and then Golden Jubilee which is 50 years. I see. It's impressive, I mean, a few days ago, she was still working, she was still seen in public meeting up with the new prime minister that was impressive, especially thinking about her age and health conditions. Yeah, and that I would say is probably one of the most shocking things because we could see in the pictures of the queen was very frail. She obviously aged a lot, but we still thought that she was relatively healthy. Because she was working at her age. She passed away at a place called Balmoral? She passed away at Balmoral Castle, which is in the Highlands of Scotland. It's actually one of her favorite residences; and it's where she goes or where she went I should say on her summer holidays. I see, so like it's private, it's like her private home, one of her private homes. It's not owned by the states, all of other…most of other palaces are owned by the government or owned by the nation. But Balmoral is actually her private residences. Actually to think about, to most people in the UK, well, at least people under the age of 70, this was the only queen, only monarch they knew. And we can talk a little bit about what people think towards the end of the episode. But I would say that's the key part really, because she's the only queen that most people have ever known, and also she's just always been there. We can talk about people's reaction in a bit. But what's the nation's reaction？Did you set aside…I think I’ve heard it somewhere that a lot of the government business is closed for like a period of time?As soon as the death was announced, Britain went into official mourning. 就是国丧期. And how long was that?That was until Monday.I see So until the day of the funeral, and what happens during this time is that most events are cancelled, TV schedules change, so watching the BBC and other UK channels, pretty much it was 24-hour coverage about the queen. The other thing that I’ve noticed is there was this ceremony where people could go to see the coffin and then to say their final goodbyes. Yep. It's actually called lie in state or lying in state where the coffin is displayed to the public, and people can walk past and pay their respects.I see. So lie in state就指的葬礼前让人们可以去公开的吊唁. Yes. It's not the same as in maybe for example China because you don't actually see the body. It's not the open casket. It's not an open casket, it’s a close casket. And you can walk past and view and pay your respects. So because she passed away in Scotland, she was first laid in state in Edinburgh as the queen of Scotland. Oh, it’s…because it’s separate. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~In other words, SJWs don't hold strong principles, but they pretend to.说到这里, 相信你能想象到某一些人的嘴脸了。但其实有很多人不同意SJW的这种说法, 而且认为这样的叫法比较危险。Because some people believe that the overuse of SJW in a negative manner is simply a way to dismiss anyone who brings up real issues with social justice. 反对使用这个词的人认为, 如果我们太习惯给别人扣上SJW或者“圣母”的帽子, 我们就没有办法真正的去讨论关于Social Justice的一些话题。 Use of the term has also been described as attempting to degrade the motivations of the person accused of being an SJW implying that their motives are for personal validation rather than out of any deep-seated conviction. 而且只要把别人定性为SJW就可以无视或者贬低他的所有观点，批判对方是在刷存在感, 这样也可能会误伤一些真正想要深入讨论社会公正和正义问题的人。But whether you like the term or not, it has become so popular that in August 2015, Social Justice Warrior or SJW was one of several new words and phrases added to Oxford dictionaries.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Welcome back to Geek Time. This is the advanced episode about Big Data. Hello, Lulu.Hi Brad. We're gonna start off by talking about the… some of the benefits of big data. I mean, the benefits are pretty obvious, right？Because last time you were talking about the three Vs, the Volume, Variety, Velocity, so it's just basically the ability to be able to process huge amount of data that before it used to probably take people years to process. Now it can be done in a matter of days or even hours or seconds. Exactly. And it's not just yet looking at the amount of data, but we're looking at greater geographical areas just like I mentioned with like talking about the weather, but not just with whether, we can look at more like health related issues, it can be a lot of different things; but we can connect variables that typically wouldn't be found when we're looking at things may be related to our health. And like a doctor, when you go in to see the doctor, he's gonna ask you certain questions. They can start making some correlations based on how you answer those questions. But with big data, they can actually look at larger groups of people who have health conditions. And based on those health conditions, they might be able to find like a better reason why people have these particular health conditions. So one possible case jumps to mind is, for example, if people from certain area, certain sort of geographical background, or let's say, other type of background, they have similar backgrounds and they all develop similar symptoms. The doctor might not know, but the big data would help the doctor to find or to build that connection. Yes, so like they can look for those things much easier. It's not just like one doctor looking for everything, it's several doctors putting out their information and then looking at that data and finding out a more reliable cause for something. And it's also just about everyone is able to access a lot more data than in the past in the age of big data. When we look at the data that people have access to, we start to look at some of the difficulties, gets really hard to really randomize the data. In the past, people would just go out and they would collect data from, you know, random people. They wouldn't collect their name or anything. But nowadays, when like companies are collecting data, there's all this information attached to one particular person. It's hard to really randomize that when you have like all these particular sets related to one person. Does that mean that, for example, when they collect data from you, they say this is a random person and then… but because they collect your age, they collect your, for example, nationality, and then your geographical occasion, and eventually they will make up a pretty good picture, pretty precise picture of who you are. So it's not really random, it's not really随机 anyways, it's a specific person. They have all these data points. And so unless they strip away several of those data points, it's really hard to randomize whose data is what？It's something… When we look at that amount of data, one of the other issues that comes is like we're looking at a lot of data overload. When someone's doing research, they're gonna look at specific sets of data, but because they have all this extra data, they're going to start just including that extra data, just because they have it at their hands. When they start doing that, they start looking and finding correlations that aren't really there. I see. So they start to read too much into the data just because they have it. There is this data and it's kind of unclear if there's a correlation to it at all. So for example, everyone who loves Hello Kitty seems to be developing a cough. And you are like… then you draw like a false causal link saying that people who likes Hello Kitty is likely to have like lung disease. B

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. Hi, Brad.Hey Lulu. Brad, you are currently in Japan, right？Correct. I just moved to Japan. I've been here a few months now. Is that gonna be a long term thing？Possibly, still I’m a student now, but I am looking for full time work. And so once I figure out that, then I’ll make a move. So that's just gonna be your new home. And then we're doing this recording remotely, but we're still gonna be talking about geeky or tech-related subjects or topics. And what are we going to talk about today？I thought we’ll talk about big data. Big data大数据. It's one of those things that everyone has heard of, everyone talks about. But if you ask people what exactly is big data, not everyone can actually come up with the definition or not everyone knows the ins and outs of it, right？It's a little bit difficult to get into. So first of all, what is big data？A lot of times when people hear the word “big” like big pharma, things like that, they think of a big company; and big data is not that, big data is just a large amounts of data. Traditionally, data was very small sets of information that people could put together and sought through, and like find out information about their customers or something like that. But now with the explosion of like being able to store huge amounts of data and sought through larger sets, we get something called big data. Before, for example, it’s just each store would collect their own data, each business, but now everything is connected. Correct! Like everything, a lot of people that have data online will trade or sell their data to other people.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Cancel Culture. 这几天又有很多关于公众人物“失德”和“塌房”的讨论, so I thought it would be a good time to talk about something that is relevant. This is one of the more controversial buzzwords that has gained in popularity in the English-speaking world in the past few years. 所以今天的buzzword我们就来讨论一个跟公众人物“塌房”相关的这么一个词, 叫做 “cancel culture”直译为“取消文化”. It sounds pretty strange, doesn't it? It really has only come into frequent use since a few years ago. It refers to a form of ostracism in which someone or some organization is thrust out of social or professional circles-whether it be online, on social media, or in person. 所谓的“取消文化”指的是一个公众人物或者一个组织, 因为某些言行不当, 而遭到了一些群体、群众, 特别是网民的排斥、排挤、抵制。这种情况出现的时候, 我们就可以说公众人物或者组织has been cancelled. You can also describe it as the practice of withdrawing support for public figures and companies after they have done or said something considered offensive or objectionable. This canceling is often performed on social media in a form of group shaming. 这种cancel culture它的表达形式通常是在社交媒体上进行的group shaming, 群体羞辱, 就是大家一起来踩或者抵制。The other similar idea is "Call-out culture", 跟取消文化很相关的另外一个词叫做"Call-out culture", 被翻译成“指控文化”。Actually, the "Call-out culture" has been in use as part of the #MeToo movement. It encouraged women and men to call out their abusers on a forum where the accusations would be heard, especially against very powerful individuals. “指控文化”是来自于 #MeToo 运动, 它的作用是鼓励性侵和性骚扰的受害者, 勇敢的站出来去指控那些施暴者, 特别是那些位高权重的公众人物。And the phrase “cancel culture” gained popularity since late 2019, most often as a recognition that society will exact accountability for offensive conduct. 而到了2019年，和“指控文化”相关的“取消文化”也火了起来。它强调的是任何一个人，特别是公众人物，他的言行一旦失格失德，整个社会都会对他进行问责。To hold someone accountable for their words and behaviors. 其实很多人会把 “call-out culture”和 “cancel culture”放在一起说, 其实这两个文化稍微有点区别。“Call-out culture” is about calling attention to someone's wrongdoing, and maybe giving them a chance to learn from and correct the issue; but “cancel culture” does not give this opportunity, and instead, immediately labels them as bad and want to get them cancelled. 它们两个的不同主要在于“指控文化”的目的是希望被指控的人能够意识到自己的错误作出补偿, 并且改正自己的行为；而“取消文化”连这个机会都不会给, 希望直接把这个人从公众的视野中抹去取消。

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~I think Prosecco is a perfect welcome drink. If you're having a banquet and then when the guests arrive the first drink, when they're just mingling, going around talking to people, what you're gonna have is not a very, very strong red. What you're gonna have is bubbly, something light, something elegant, it's just something to get you going, so maybe more men should really open up. Exactly. Something quite fruity so help you… sometimes when you get really hungry, you cannot consume too much alcohol, Prosecco is just like around 11 or 12 percentage of alcohol. It's really good enough for you to bring up your appetite if you don’t feel hungry, but consume a little bit of the sweetness and fruitiness. So if you are a gentleman and listening to this, Prosecco is perfect for you as well. Since you were mentioning champagne, this is actually the next question I'm going to ask. Champagne Prosecco, both are sparkling wines. So what makes Prosecco special? From my point of view, the Prosecco, it is the image of the fashion, because more and more young generation who are keen on this popular drinks, fashion style and fashion life. Secondly, compared with other types of wine, Prosecco has low alcohol level and it is not easy to get drunk. For our ladies, we always want to keep the elegance. Thirdly, I think that Prosecco has its unique taste, fresh and natural. It is not complex and easy drinking;So last but not the least, it can be provided in any sense of environment and can be matched with any food. Also, as Roger mentioned, compared with the price, Prosecco’s more competitive than champagne. Much better value for money. Yes, much better value. Sounds like it's a very versatile drink and matches all sorts of scenarios and food.And Roger I'm sure you have something to add as well. When you drink something, you have to think about your wallet first, you got a very huge wallet, you go for champagne, no one can stop you, right? As the situation global like pandemic, it's not really in the positive economic situation. So why don't we try something easier to drink? It's more on the tip of the fashion area. Italy is always on top or two of the fashion world, a lot more competition, for example, like sailing or motor cycling, fancy, assignment sports. They are starting to use Prosecco instead of champagne for the champion who spread in the world. You can see that all the times, right?So I would say from my point of view, because I'm getting with so many different audiences all the time. To me, I personally love Champagne. There's no problem at all. It's a classic drink, but it's more like a grandfather's drink for me.It's a bit old fashioned, isn't it, classic but old fashion.Yeah, it's a bit old fashion. I would like to say Prosecco is more friendly, easy to drink, easy to accept it, more fruit instead of a lot of yeast.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. Today we have in our studio two guests from Casa Prosecco, China. Casa Prosecco is an organization set up with the aim of promoting the Prosecco DOC brand. They are going to be sharing with us a lot of their interesting experiences in promoting Prosecco in the Chinese market. Welcome to the show Feiling, welcome to the show Roger. Hi. Dear.Hi everyone. First of all, I know that Feiling you are in charge of Casa Prosecco, China, right?Yes, Lulu. So could you, first of all, tell us what kind of organization is Casa Prosecco? Sure, dear. Casa Prosecco is the office of Prosecco DOC Consortium in China, which was founded in March 18th, 2016, the main business of Casa Prosecco is to promote all types of activities and events according to the strategic planning and the instructions from the Consortium.We know Prosecco is a very famous wine type, but why Casa, Casa means family, house in Italian? Yes, Casa means family, you're right, but I’d like to tell you a story, ok, back story, the headquarter of Prosecco DOC Consortium is in the world city Treviso, the hometown of tiramisu.Oh, Treviso.I'm sure that you’ll like it. Yes, Treviso, where is only 29 kilometers away from Venice, the romantic capital. Venice is the birthplace of Italian traveler Marco Polo. Everyone knows that, right? Yeah, he came to China with his father in 1275, and was fascinated by Chinese brilliant history and culture. Later he wrote very famous The Travels of Marco Polo, which praised the prosperity of China for its developed industry and commerce, bustling market, magnificent capital. Since then, Italians believe that the Silk Road starts from Venice, and finally, it’s in Chang'an, now my city Xi'an; so, our back story is Silk Road story, history is never far from us. That's very interesting because Feiling, I was actually gonna ask you, I know that Casa Prosecco China was founded in Xi'an, that was actually my second question, like why Xi’an.Now you're saying the back story is grand, kind of like a modern-day Silk Road connection. I like that. It's always nice to be able to trace back in the history and find the connection between China and Italy and through Prosecco of all things, very nice. But I know that Casa Prosecco China also has other offices, right? Roger, you are from the Xiamen office, right? You're based in Xiamen. Yeah, exactly. That was like a few years ago we set up the Casa Prosecco in Xiamen. The reason behind it is quite simple as well, naval city Quanzhou and it's the Silk Road on the sea. So this is another part to start the relationships. This is relationship we get started.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope, our advanced episode.On languages.In our previous episode we talked a little bit about the native languages of Britain, but today we're gonna be talking a lot more around language learning in the UK, attitudes to language, and also some of the languages that you might hear on the street in the UK.I mean the UK is a very multicultural country, especially if you live in London, you bound to bump into lots of people with a wide variety of native languages. Yeah. What do you think are some of the most popular or some of the most widely spoken languages in the UK that are not English or native languages? I'm not sure which is the most spoken, but I know it’s definitely not French. Yes, French is relatively widely spoken but not as much as these languages the languages actually are...the first one is Polish. 噢，波兰语, ok, yes, that is… at least before Brexit, when I was in the UK I did notice a lot of Polish people. Yep.You have a lot of Polish immigrants or just workers. Yeah, so you have Polish. Then you have Punjabi. Punjab is the Indian language, Pakistani language?Yes, it comes from the Punjab region of India Pakistan; so it’s a northern language. You also have Gujarati. Sounds also Indian. Yes, Gujarati is from the area around Mumbai. So western India, then you have Hindustani, so Hindi, Urdu, and also Bengali. So lots of Indian languages, lots of different regional Indian languages. Lots of Indian languages, yeah.Because you have a huge population that's originally from India. Yeah, I remember when I was at school, I could have learned a few words of Punjabi, Hindi, Gujarati, but I was a kid, so they were mostly swear words, relatively rude words. We're always doing that learning languages. You mentioned learning some of these curse words in foreign languages in school, but forgive me for saying this, but based on my understanding, British people are not the best at learning foreign languages. We are notoriously bad at learning foreign languages. According to some statistics about 62% of UK citizens can't speak a second language. I think it's also because if you can use English to go around the world, then people are just a bit lazy, they just don't want to learn. Well, say it a bit lazy but also there's not really much incentive. As an English speaker, if I go around the world it’s very rare that I find myself in a situation where I can't get by, I can’t find someone that speaks English.Exactly.But you compare the 62% of UK citizens with most other European countries where that's around 10% of the population that can't speak a second language. Especially if you think about some central western European countries that are smaller, it is so common for them to speak 3, 4 languages fluently. Yeah, particularly if you go up to Northern Europe, for example, the Dutch, when I go to Holland or go to the Netherlands, it's amazing that pretty much every Dutch person that you meet speaks flawless English.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. So what are we going to talk about today? Before we start talking, I wanna actually ask you to listen to these recordings. I want you to tell me where do you think these come from. Yeah, Okay.（clips）So what do you think? Okay, obviously I don't have a vast knowledge of all the world languages, but a lot of these sound elements, I would say probably some languages closer maybe to Hebrew, maybe? No. I can give you a hint. This is Britain Under the Microscope. Are these native languages in Britain? Yep! So the first recording that you heard…如果是英国本地语言的话, maybe we are talking about like Welsh, 威尔士语or… I don't know the languages…woo like maybe Scottish? Welsh definitely. So Welsh was the first language, and the second language was actually Gaelic from Scotland. Yes, because Scottish is not a language. No there’s something called Scotts and we’ll talk a bit about that in a sec. So I guess we're talking about languages in the UK. Yeah, and more specifically we're talking about native languages in the UK, because whenever you think about Britain, the first thing you think about is English. Definitely. But actually even though the vast majority of British people speak English, there was still about 8% of the population where… there's still about 8% of the population whose first language isn't actually English. You know what, that is a bit surprising. So you have other official languages then?Yeah, we also have other official languages. These are also languages such as Welsh. 威尔士语 and? And also Gaelic to a certain extent. But if you look at government websites, if you look at the NHS (National Health Service) they actually offer translation services for many languages spoken in the UK. 刚才这个Gaelic就是盖尔语. So I thought let's start first of all with Welsh. Okay. I'm assuming Welsh is spoken in Wales. Yes, it’s spoken by over 500,000 people with varying degrees of fluency, but there are still quite a few native speakers and those that speak it at proficient level.500,000! That's not a small number. Does that mean that people living in or born in Wales, they would have to learn Welsh in school?Yeah, you have to learn Welsh at school up until the age of 16. Some people take that even further and they learn it at university, but also the government is trying to encourage the use of Welsh. So it's also spoken in the Welsh parliament. I'm just a bit … you know what I'm picturing? So, what if for example, you, if you move to Wales to live in Wales and you work for the government, how can you communicate with other… with Welsh speakers when you don't speak the language? From what I've heard, I think they actually really encourage you to at least learn basic Welsh. But you have to think also they do speak English. They do speak English. Yeah. Which brings me to the question how far apart is Welsh to English? I mean, we heard the little clip and that sounds like a completely different language. Completely different. Welsh is actually one of the oldest languages in Europe. It's descended from the language that was spoken in Britain before the Roman invasion. So Welsh is completely different to English. English is closer to German, French. Welsh is a completely different language family. Is it just pronunciation that's different or like vocabulary…? 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Thirst Tweet. So what is Thirst Tweet?Tweet is something you post on Twitter, tweet就是在推特上发的帖。And the original meaning of thirst is when you want something to drink, you say I'm thirsty or I feel the thirst, but put together, Thirst Tweets are tweets by fans expressing sexual desire towards the celebrity. 放在一起, Thirst Tweet就变成了粉丝对于他们疯狂喜欢的明星表达他们欲望的饥渴帖。And some of them are very explicit. 有一些可以说是露骨之极. Despite being explicit or because of it, thirst tweet videos on the BuzzFeed YouTube channel, regularly get millions of views. 这个风潮最开始是由BuzzFeed带起来的, 他们就特别喜欢在油管上放一些某某明星读他自己粉丝的thirst tweet这样的视频，期期爆火。People usually do this to male celebrities, mostly straight men whose discomfort is seen as cute or funny. 一般出来读这些thirst tweets的明星都是男性明星, 而且很多时候是直男straight man, 而看着他们读自己疯狂粉丝的饥渴帖读的面红耳赤, 很多人会觉得很搞笑很可爱。The man in question is only allowed to react with shock or awkwardness. No line cannot be crossed, and nothing can be too insensitive with a thirst tweet. 这里面基本上是百无禁忌, 而且明星还不能翻脸, 大不了只能坐在那里尬笑。It is as if the sexual objectification in thirst tweets must be taken in stride and worn as a badge of honor. 虽然很多的thirst tweets里面都是赤裸裸的sexual objectification, 完全把明星作为幻想对象的这种物化, 但在这个环境里一切都被合理化, 明星不光不能生气, 还必须得泰然处之, 甚至引以为荣。Now you probably still think thirst tweets sound a bit too theoretical. So how about some examples, for the sake of this pod cast, I have to choose some less explicit ones. 为了过审，咱们就选两条相对温和, 没有那么露骨的饥渴帖和大家分享一下。比如前几年Lucifer这个剧火了，就带火了主演Tom Ellis.So one thirst tweet for Tom Ellis says “I want the government to create a law where Tom Ellis can’t wear a shirt. He has to be shirtless 24/7”政府应该出台法律让Tom Ellis永远都不能穿上装。A thirst tweet for Jackson Wong says I'm sure the best way to eat chocolate is to have it off Jackson Wong’s abs. 在国内也很火的王嘉尔收到的一条thirst tweet, 就说巧克力的正确吃法就是放在王嘉尔的腹肌上舔食。And these are still some mild ones. It can go very extreme. 现在大家在各种平台上看到又美又飒的小姐姐视频下面, 总是会有“姐姐给个机会”这样的评论也是Thirst Comment. Now I don't know how you feel about these thirst tweets you just heard, maybe you find it funny or weird or a bit extreme. But usually if it's the other way round, if it's a man on the internet writing this to a female celebrity, usually we would see it as a bit disturbing and creepy. 很有意思的是如果是女生给男明星写这种thirst tweet, 大家都会觉得比较搞笑比较可爱；但是反过来如果是男性给女明星写这样的thirst tweet, 往往就会让人觉得有更强烈的不适感。 "欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Welcome to Geek Time. This is Brad. How are you doing Lulu?Hi, Brad.So we're gonna continue on with STEM, and moving to something called STEAM, just doesn't have the same feeling. No, all these lingos, though, stem is S-T-E-M, STEAM is with an a.…an a.A is for arts.Right, the whole idea is that A is bringing arts back into STEM because people moved away from the arts in like the 80s people started moving away. The government started taking funding out of art subjects, music, and all of that, and this was accelerated even more in the 90s.But then like STEM came about and people said, why do we keep moving away from arts? Arts are still important. We still need arts, and so they decided to put it back in. Oh, the pitiful arts just get crammed in with S-T-E-M, honestly I'm seeing that shift in China, so we're seeing that shift like a lot of people… you do hear a lot of people saying that we really should just focus more on STEM subjects as what we would call 理科like science subjects, engineering subjects. Why are we even bothered with liberal arts subjects? They're not gonna generate any productivity which I think it's a bit… to me obviously I am in arts, I was in applied linguistics and you can… I kind of bridged both of those, I've studied language and you know, I have degrees on language and I have degrees on engineering.Yes, we all know you have a wide range, different disciplines, so you are basically STEAM.At least the EYeah, but so this whole STEAM, I think it's just obviously like you said, it's to trying to bring it back, but this arts is not really like arts, as we would understand, like 文科. It's not history, politics, it is not this type of arts. It’s more like the design elements. For example, if you're talking about designing something even industrial design or if it's designing something with computer programs, you still want to have that the ability to make it aesthetically pleasing, you have a beautiful design, that sort of idea.In this part, yeah, the STEAM wants people to be able to do the design process, you know, not only just do the… they want to have a whole design process where they're doing problem solving and not just doing problem solving, but focusing on like incorporating teamwork, discussion, creative thinking, all of these things because when you just focus on robotics and programming, then that kind of takes like center stage.And they don't want just robotics and programming to be the center stage of STEM. So they want to have more of like a big thing.And so sometimes some of the STEAM materials just completely move out the robotics aspect. You still might design something and build something to fulfill a task, but you may do it with other materials.The whole idea, I think it's for like a well-rounded education and learning, especially in primary or secondary education these stages. You don't want to limit students’ options. RightYou don't want to, say, okay, you wanna do math, just do math, don't do anything arts related, or vice versa.In the US we never really kind of had a separation between those things. When you went to high school, you did have to study art. Like you had to take art classes, you had to take math classes, you had to take math up to a certain level. So you had to take at least like I think it was 2 or 3 years of math. You had to take 2 or 3 years of science. You had to take history, but if you wanted to, you could take like Advanced Placement history.And so you didn't have to take the basic subject. You could get college credit level.Yeah, so that's AP, that is helping you explore your interest. If you're interested in history can do AP history. If you're interested in math, you can do AP math. That's the idea.Yeah, we have all these subjects, but we didn't really have a bridge between them.....欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time.欢迎回来, 【Geek时间】. Hi, Brad. Hello, Lulu. So what are we gonna talk about today? Today I think we'll talk about STEM. STEM. S-T-E-M. I know that. It's science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Right. OK. So you are in STEM. Yeah, I studied engineering. And shall we talk about STEM as in part of the education? That's primarily what STEM is set up to be. It's focused to be not just people working in these fields as STEM fields, but also as an idea of a way to teach young people.Okay. So first of all, for example, in United States, when did STEM education start? It's something that kind of started in like the last decade or so. It's probably like in more smaller pockets, maybe the decade before that. But really it's been something that's been pushed over the last decade.But I'm not talking about STEM as a concept. Let's just say for people who are receiving education, when does it start? It starts usually in elementary school.Elementary school. And is it as actual subjects or as what kind of subjects like math or…It's…the primary focus of this is to kind of merge the subjects together, rather than kind of like sectioning off all the subjects as kind of like separate ideas, we want to merge them together. I see. When students learn math, they go through, they learn all the tables and all these things. They learn the formulas, but they don't really connect that to other subjects. And so what this is trying to do is trying to merge the subjects together. So that way, you're not just seeing it one by one. I see.Would you say, in general, I know that you have lived in Asia for ages that you haven't really been back to the States, but what would you say in general, do you think in America, schools or general education sector pays a lot of attention to STEM especially primary education and secondary education?Nowadays, yes. But definitely when I was a kid, not very much. Ok. Why is that? It's been just because there's a lot of young people who shy away from these fields. They see it and they see it as something that's really difficult. They want to avoid taking the classes that are like math. Math is really difficult. When you take a class like history, you give an answer, you kind of get partial credit for if you're partially right. Whereas you take a math class, if you're wrong you’re wrong. if it's 5.0 but it's actually like 5.1, you're wrong. Kids kind of like… math was really scary for a lot of people, because you can't fake it. Right. And I guess that's why a lot of the STEM people who work in STEM in the United States they are actually immigrants and from other countries.There's not a lot of people who go into STEM fields in the US these days. It's changing of the last like 10 years there's been a big movement back into STEM fields, but for the decades before that, we had to kind of import a lot of experts in the field because there just wasn't enough young people in the US who were studying in those fields. I see. So now it's a shift back. I think it's also because the internet has just enjoyed exponential growth. So with all the IT companies would require a lot more people.Definitely, like, I think another thing that kind of scared people away was the Dot-com Bubble. There's a lot of young people who were kind of getting into IT. I myself was getting into IT just before the Dot-com Bubble burst.It's like this, this is it, no more IT.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hello, everyone and welcome to America Under the Microscope advanced episode. Hi, Lulu. Hi, James. Let's continue with our talk about American game shows. Alrighty. Let's talk about household names, specifically the host of the three shows we talked about in the basic level, Wheel of Fortune, Jeopardy and The Price Is Right.I would imagine with those big three being so popular and then they've been on air for so many years. So the hosts of these game shows they would be, like you said, household names, everyone at least recognize those names even if they don't watch it.For Wheel of Fortune, the hosts are Pat Sajak and Vanna White. These two people are household names, everyone in the country knows them.And how long have they been the hosts?30+ years. And that they never changed hosts?No, I don't think they want to quit because they get paid really well to do this. Multi-million dollar contracts to make the show and…It's not that difficult, is it?It's not like acting. They don't have to remember scripts or anything like that. And so they get paid a lot, and same with Jeopardy's host, Alex Trebek.I've heard that name before, Alex Trebek.Suddenly, his name would show up in the news a lot more now because he has cancer. So Jeopardy is going to have to find a new host in the very near future.And he is still hosting?Yes. He still is, but that's going to come to an end soon…And then… For The Price Is Right, you have the old host Bob Barker which everyone knows, but he retired several years ago. And now is Drew Carey who's a famous comedian and he had it on his own TV shows in the past. Everyone knows these people. Apart from these household names. Are there any references? I would imagine there's some references in terms of the phrases they use on the show, because in China, this was the case. Yeah, that's true, too. So like from Wheel of Fortune, people might use the phrase and conversations like I’d like to buy a vowel when they want to like get clues…and stuff.Get hints. I’d like to buy a vowel. Because vowels are… they are more useful than consonants, aren't they?And like lots of them from The Price Is Right like Come on down or How much do you bid? And all these catch phrases, people will use them for playing other games or they'll… like English teachers use these all the time in class to make classroom games.And is one of those things, if you say to an American, especially in that voice, they would immediately recognize. And you also see parodies of these games.A lot of comedy shows will do parodies of them, and they'll do be parodies of them on sitcoms, and they are that big.I have to say that I'm perhaps more familiar with some of the British game shows because of the summer I stayed England for 2 months. I did watch quite a bit of game shows. A lot of those game shows in the UK, they would have celebrity special, so they would invite famous people or minor celebrities to be the contestants.Oh, we do that too and they play for charity.So that's the same. So they play and the money because they already quite rich, they don't really need the money. They play for exposure and then for charity. Yeah, and those episodes are never serious, like they have Celebrity Jeopardy episodes and they never asked them that hard because...that… doesn't look good, and the celebrities don't take it seriously because no matter what they do, they get money for their charity whether they win or lose.Yeah, in the UK, the only the winner would get money for their charity.American TV shows like You lost. That's okay. We'll still give $10,000 to your charity.

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hello again and welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎你又回到【闲话美国】. Hello, James. Hi, Lulu. So what are we going to talk about today? I wanna ask you a question, what's on TV at 7:00 pm every night in China? That would be 【新闻联播】, that would be the news. That's not very exciting. In the United States, usually around this time, we would be basically our Game Show hour where there will be two of the biggest Game Shows. Game Show, this is usually with contestants and people competing for a prize. Correct. So these are shows where the contestants are regular people like you or me and they are playing for prizes usually money. 就是这种综艺答题型的节目或者竞技型的节目Game Shows. There're some really long lived Game Shows in America, right? Yeah, we're gonna talk about three of them today. We're gonna talk about these because these are household names in America. They are known by everyone in the country. So even if you don't watch it, you've heard of it. And they are constant references of these Game Shows in American TV shows or movies. Yeah, they'll show up everywhere. 大家看美剧或者说美国电影的时候, 经常就会听见有人提, 其实是一个文化梗。I bet one of them is Wheel of Fortune. It is. The first one we were gonna talk about is Wheel of Fortune. Ok, let's talk about the big three. Yes, so let's start off with Wheel of Fortune (Since 1983). So Wheel of Fortune is basically Hangman game…Guessing Words. It is. Hangman是一个猜单词的双人游戏。由一个玩家想出一个单词或短语，另一个玩家猜出其中的每一个字母。出题玩家一般会画一个绞刑架，当猜词的玩家猜出了短语中存在的一个字母时，出题的玩家就将这个字母存在的所有位置都填上。如果玩家猜的字母不在单词或短语中，那么出题的玩家就给绞刑架上小人添上一笔，直到7笔过后，小人被吊死，游戏结束。So you have three contestants, and then there's a big wheel, like a really big wheel. On each turn one of the contestants will spin the wheel. It will land on a money amounts like $100 $200 $500, something like that. And then they guess letters to try to guess… to put into the phrase and they try to guess the phrase. So if they guess a letter correctly, they can spin again to get a higher amount, then guess another letter and so on and so on.And if they guessed it wrong, then it’s someone else’s …Then it goes to the next player. If they spin the wheel and lose a turn, it goes to the next player. If they guess wrong like they try to guess the phrase like maybe the phrase is like they should guess like the end of the movie and they say it's the end of the book. Wrong guess, it goes to the next player.Okay, so whoever has the correct guess, how much money is this person collecting? However much they spun and guessed correctly. So it accumulates, so they guessed two letters and each letter was 500, they now get $1,000. Okay. I'm getting a bit confused. Yeah, but don't you get an extra point for guessing the entire sentence? You get to keep the money. Everyone else who didn't guess it loses the money from that round. Okay. So how many rounds are there? I mean, how many phrases are there? Usually there's four or so, because it doesn't take that long to guess the phrase and whoever has the most money at the end will do the final phrase all by themselves. And they'll win a grand prize, usually something like $25,000. So it's not a huge amount of money. Do they do this every day?Yes, Monday through Friday.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Foreclosure. 在网上查Foreclosure就经常看见它的翻译是“法拍房”, 也就是法院拍卖房. This is a topic that has suddenly gained in popularity in the past few years in China. 在中国也就是近几年这个话题突然变得很火. So in today's buzzword, let us get into the basics of Foreclosure. First of all, foreclosure is a legal term. 首先它是一个法律上的术语, 把foreclosure翻译成“法拍房”其实是不严谨的, 虽然它跟法拍房有关, 但是foreclosure是一个法律过程.It is a legal process in which a lender attempts to recover the balance of a loan from a borrower who has stopped making payments to the lender. 简单说来, 就是在借贷关系里, borrower找别人借钱的这个人, 因为各种原因停止偿还贷款. 那么这个时候债权人也就是lender, 他来强行收回剩余贷款的这样的一个过程. And how do they do it? They do it by taking ownership of the mortgaged property and selling it. 这就需要债权人强行收回房产等抵押物, 并进行拍卖, 然后以此收回贷款, 这样的一个过程被叫做foreclosure. 而这个里面因为要涉及到强行拍卖房产, 所以常常被人简单地理解为“法拍房”.Since foreclosure is a legal process, of course we have to talk about its legal basis. Why is it okay to do that? The foreclosure process derives its legal basis from a mortgage. 说到foreclosure的法律依据就要提到mortgage这个概念, 有的时候去查mortgage会被翻译成“房贷”, 但其实它是抵押贷款的意思, 只不过因为一般人接触到的抵押贷款多半是房贷, 所以才在很多时候被翻译成房贷。The whole idea of mortgage is that it gives the lender the right to use a property as collateral, in case the borrower fails to uphold the terms of the mortgage document. 所谓的抵押贷款就是指当borrower找别人借钱的这个人, 无法按时按期偿还贷款的时候, 这个债权人lender可以收回这个被当做collateral抵押物的房产。 Now we just talked about a borrower fails to uphold the terms of the mortgage document. 刚才说到的borrower没有办法履约, 这个行为就被叫做default违约. Typically, default is triggered when a borrower misses a specific number of monthly payments. But it can also happen when a borrower fails to meet other terms in the mortgage documents. 比如几个月都无法按时偿还月供, 就可能会被认定为default违约.

酒馆音乐剧板块《曲外之音》，跟璐璐和英国资深音乐剧人Oliver一起品名音乐剧背后的故事，让高雅艺术触手可得~公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to the Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver.Hello again.This is our Part Two of Hamilton. The musical that you guys have been requested. Although for both me and Oliver, we have to admit that I wouldn't say this is my favorite.I do have to agree it's not my favorite, but it's still very good.Yes, the music is very good I give you that. And last time when we were talking about the storyline, and then Oliver you mentioned that although you loved the music, but the story you're not very familiar with, but that's history, right？And you are history buff. When you didn't learn that part of the history, I mean in school in the UK you guys don't learn that part of the history?We do learn it, but not in the same way as American students would learn it. It is the founding of their nation. They would learn it. I imagine they would learn it (in depth) in detail and in depth. Yes, they'd know lots of different people who did this and why, and in the UK we have much more of a broad view of history, and we look at big time periods. So studying the American War of Independence or the American Revolution, whichever you want to call it, we would study 100 years and a lot happens in 100 years.So we can't take too much time to focus on specific people. We would look at the events caused it, what happened afterwards, but we wouldn't study, for example, Alexander Hamilton, he would not be in a UK school because, I don't want to say not important to the UK, but he's not a specific character in UK history.Yeah. Honestly, I think there's patriotism. There's also that sense of national pride. I mean like, we said last time, every country has that type of works of art. If they put up a movie out or musical whatever you have it and then they focus on their own national history, and especially the founding of a nation, especially perhaps a very specific period in their national history. And it's not just to tell a story but also to evoke in their audience, in the audience in that nation to evoke a feeling of pride. That is your route.Yeah, definitely so. Definitely something that people, American people and people in the US should be proud of. It's the founding of their nation, you should be proud of those things. Yeah, it's just not the entire world doesn't learn it in their schools. So there are going to be gaps in knowledge for people from different countries. It's the same with Chinese history for me. I like Chinese history but we don't learn it in UK schools though.Exactly. I mean the other thing that I’ve noticed is that although a lot of these main characters, historically they're supposed to be white, but on stage they were played by clearly not white actors. That is intentional, right？It's not just because they just happened to have this actor or these actors.No, it was definitely an intentional move, yes.Historically, the founding fathers were all middle to upper class white men, but because of the way this show wants to become more modern, it wants to show modern America whilst telling a story of the founding of America intentionally chooses non-white actors to be these leading historical characters. And I think it's fantastic. I think it's great because that with the music shows that it's the history of a country, it's not the history of an ethnic group. It doesn't matter where your family is from, or where your history and your roots is, because this is a shared history from all American people. And I think that's fantastic. I think it's brilliant how it brings Americans together.Yeah, at least this is what they are aiming for. I mean whether it is idealistic or not. But they were making a conscious effort of trying to show cultural diversity, amalgamation of cultures, and styles as well.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Lovely, and I am really curious because ice cream business sounds so sweet and exciting. And when you're testing the market, for example, if you want to promote a new flavor, do you actually have focus group and invite people to taste it and see how they feel about it?First of all, Dlight is a company which is now nearly 17 years old. We have I would say very dedicate palate like for example my Chinese partner Queency Wang has a very, very delicate palate. She will be one of the persons will definitely decide if an ice cream is good or not. So basically, the first thing we will do is that we will make sure that the ice cream that we want to create is to the level of quality we are looking for. Dlight as a true identity, we are not trying to copy what the others are doing. We are basically very little interested. Why? Because we want to give an experience to our customer. This experience we wanted to be absolutely unique. So to give something unique to the customer, you need to give something you believe in, we believe into absolute quality into what we are doing in terms of ice cream.And also because we are working with the B2B market, we have the chance through our professional customers to test the market. What is working, what is not working. And we can also add the feedback of the best chef on the market because we are working with more than 500 five-star hotels today, so which means that we have a lot of feedback from those professionals who are actually extremely sensitive about quality. And so basically, we are constantly adjusting in order to reach perfection.So you mentioned that your brand Dlight has been mostly focusing on B2B, so Business To Business that you're targeting the high end hotels directly tapping into the food and beverage experts of these hotels. Yes.But I know that now you're also switching to B2C. I just want to ask like why did you choose B2B, and how do you think B2B and B2C are different in the ice cream industry?When you speak about B2B, effectively, we're speaking about Horeca, food and beverage professional market, Horeca means hotel, restaurant, and cafe. Basically Dlight is specialized for the past 17 years into this market, but it's not only the hotel five stars. We are basically working with hotel five stars, chain of restaurants, chain of output, chain of social buffet. We are working with airlines; we are working with a multiple segmentation of the market.Why we mentioned about international five-star hotel is because we basically do not want to make a low grade quality. So basically our ice cream level is for what we call the first-tier market. That means the highest ranked hotel restaurant cafe and high-end market.Why did we choose B2B 12 years ago? Basically when I became a partner, it was basically because China market is a very big market. By the way it's not one market, it's a multiple dimensional market.So basically you need to have, it's my belief, you need to have a huge financial capacities to be able to enter B2C market, into the consumer market.To advertise, you need to have the financial sufficiency to be able to, I would say for a long period of time to be able to demonstrate that your product is a right product. To market it.

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is the GOAT or G.O.A.T. Now if someone calls you the GOAT on social media, you shouldn't feel offended, you should feel flattered. 如果你上国外的社交媒体, 就很可能看到过the GOAT或者G.O.A.T. So when we call someone the GOAT, what do we actually mean? The original word refers to an animal, but like goat这个词有山羊的意思, 所以有的时候你也会在社交媒体上看到这样一个山羊的emoticon表情符。But now on social media, it is actually an acronym. 但是现在的社交媒体上, 它其实是一个首字母的缩写. G.O.A.T. refers to the Greatest of All Time. 是不是正好对应我们的YYDS-永远的神。Nowadays you see many people using the GOAT or G.O.A.T. to talk about some famous athletes or sports legend. However, back in the days, the worst thing in the world of sports was being a GOAT.现在我们经常看见,有人用G.O.A.T.来形容某一个体坛的巨星或者传奇人物, 但其实往回倒几十年, 在体育界如果被人称为GOAT, 其实是很糟糕的一件事儿。Back then, the word goat derived from the word scapegoat. 因为在那个时候, goat这个词是从scapegoat替罪羊过来的。And back then, the word GOAT used to refer to the guy who blew the game. 而当时那种因为自己的发挥失常, 而致使自己的球队输掉整场比赛的人就被叫做the GOAT.言下之意就是说不是替罪羊, 因为本来就是他的失误。So when did the word GOAT change its meaning? Well, many people would attribute this to Muhammad Ali, the legendary boxer.这就要说到当年的拳王阿里。Muhammad Ali was a very, very confident person, even arrogant. And he always called himself the greatest of all time. 当年的拳王阿里一直都是自信满满, 认为自己是the greatest of all time. 而后来他妻子成立了公司的名字也叫做G.O.A.T. And fast forward to 2000, a popular rapper LL Cool J helped to popularize the word as a definition for greatest when he released an album titled G.O.A.T. - greatest of all time. 到了千禧年, 这股风潮就刮到了乐坛, 当时很火的一个叫做LL Cool J 的rapper推出了一张专辑就叫做G.O.A.T. Since then, rappers and professional athletes have used the acronym for themselves just as often as their fans crowned them with the title.至此之后, G.O.A.T. - the GOAT这种说法就在乐坛和体坛流行开来。And the term has broadened its meaning, for example, in 2004, Urban Dictionary entry defined GOAT as “exceptional”.而它的意思也从最开始的字面意思,扩展到非常出色、非常出众, 就相当于我们的YYDS. Now the term GOAT or G.O.A.T. is often used with reference to sports legends like Serena Williams, LeBron James, and Lionel Messi. And it has also started to branch out of the sports and music world and pop out into the broader culture - on social media, for example. 除了用来形容体坛和乐坛的传奇人物, 其实它也更多的被广泛的流行文化所接受. So much so that it was included in major dictionaries, becoming part of the general vocabulary. 因为太火, 所以直接收录到一些主流的词典, 比如Merriam Webster, 正儿八经地成为了英语的一部分.Now let's move on to sample sentence. The acronym G.O.A.T. is often used to praise exceptional athletes, musicians, and other public figures. 你听懂了吗？关注公众号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】,来获取更多拓展内容.如果你喜欢新词特饮这个节目, 不要忘记关注主播来听听我们其他的精彩专辑。So who do you think is the GOAT? 期待你的分享, 我们下期见.

酒馆音乐剧板块《曲外之音》，跟璐璐和英国资深音乐剧人Oliver一起品名音乐剧背后的故事，让高雅艺术触手可得~公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to The Sound of Musicals.欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver.Hello.So actually I was gonna say, can I propose a musical that we're gonna talk about today? Of course. Yeah.It's actually a very new one. It's Hamilton. It has been requested a few times by our listeners. Have you watched or listened to the soundtracks in Hamilton?I have never seen the show, but after it was requested a lot by your audience, I did find the soundtrack online and listen to it, and I can see what’s requested. I did really enjoy the music from it, it was fantastic, it was really good. It's very different, isn't it. Very different from the other things we have talked about, yes, it's a much more modern show with an old topic. The storyline and the plots is historical, a few100 years old, but it's got a very modern take to it with modern music, and a modern cast, and for a modern audience. You say it's a historical musical, it's about the story of Alexander Hamilton，right? What Americans see as one of their founding fathers就是美国人都会视为是开国元勋之一的这个Alexander Hamilton. Yes, so the whole story the whole show is about the life of Alexander Hamilton, who is or was one of the founding fathers of the US, yes, he had a very interesting life. As people know, I like history and this was quite an interesting little section of history to look at, because I don't know much about it before this. Because it is American history, it's very America centric, this whole musical.Yeah, the musical is Americentric because it's the story of one of the people who created the country, it has significance to people in America. And one of the things I didn't understand all of the story that was put forward because a lot of it depends on this background knowledge and just cultural knowledge from living in and growing up in the US and being American which I don't have. But aside from that, it was still very interesting. There are a lot of cultural references in this.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~ Hi, everyone. Welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. We have in our studio today, a new guest. 他就是来自料理级法式冰淇淋品牌【简法】Dlight 的Vincent. He'll be sharing with us his life stories and love of ice cream. Welcome to the show, Vincent. (French) I will translate and I will say simply I’m very happy to be with you. Okay, good. So first of all, could you give us a very brief self-introduction？Yes, my name is Vincent Giuge. I am French. I was born in Nice in 1971. And I arrived in Asia about 22 years ago. Wow. Yes. That's already quite a long time, 10 years in Vietnam and 12 years in China. I am now very happily married to a Chinese lady with whom I have a baby – Yangyang. I am expecting another kid, actually.Congratulations. Thank you very much. And basically I'm working for Dlight for the past 12 years since I arrived in China, because I became an investor of the company and I am basically in charge of the business development for 简法 for Dlight for the past 12 years. Ah, I see. So basically throughout the 12 years in China, you have been devoting yourself in developing Dlight and being involved in the ice cream business. But how did you get into the ice cream business? Have you ever had any experience in the industry before?Ah, it's an interesting question. Yes, I had a kind of experience, but it was a very long time ago. At that time, it was about 20 years before, when I was a very young man just after finishing my studies, I have been hired into the most famous ice cream parlor in Nice, which name is Fenocchio. And this was a very, very famous ice cream parlor, in which even all the tourists - Italian tourists were going to eat ice cream. And it has been I would say my first contact with what we called very high-quality ice cream, because this parlor was constantly full, and I had the chance to taste excellent ice cream at that time. Apart from that, what brought me to the ice cream business in *** experience. Basically, after 10 years of developing business for various company in Vietnam, I decided to become my own entrepreneur. A friend of mine was one of the partners of Dlight in China. He proposed me - at that time I was looking for investment, I was looking to be partner into a business. And then he proposed me to analyze the business situation. This is what I did, and I decided to change my life and to jump into this new experience because I was believing that their product was absolutely excellent. Yeah, if there's anything that you wanna try to jump into, ice cream has got to be one of the sweetest industries to jump into. Mentioning that, I've noticed that your brand Dlight is advertised as authentic French ice cream. So, I just want to ask what is authentic French ice cream. How is that different from, let's say, other types of ice cream?

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Buzzword Mix. 欢迎回到我们的迷你双语板块【新词特饮】，短短几分钟让不同段位的你掌握最新、最地道的英文谈资。In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Microaggression. 我们知道凡是有Micro的，一般被翻译成“微什么什么”，所以Microaggression就是微歧视。This is a term used for commonplace, daily, verbal, behavioral, or environmental slights. 所谓的”微歧视”就是指我们日常生活中言行方面的对于某一个群体或者某一些人的轻视和偏见。The microaggression whether intentional or unintentional, communicate, hostile, derogatory or negative attitudes toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups. 不管是无心还是有意，这种微歧视，它实际上都在传达着一种贬低的负面态度，而它针对的对象就是stigmatized or marginalized groups，也就是在社会或者文化中通常会被污名化或者边缘化的群体。Sounds too theoretical? How about some real-life examples based on my experience? So someone said to me, Lulu, you work in a university, that's a great job for a woman. 有人就跟我说，诶，女生在大学当老师好呀！Or when I lived in other countries, someone said to me, Lulu, you are so liberal-minded, I don't think of you as Chinese. 或者比如说在国外的时候，有人就说，璐璐我觉得你的思维特别开放，我都不把你当成中国人。On the surface, these sound like compliment, but they actually contain microaggression. That's because they are still based on some core prejudice and stereotypes. 是因为他们的根基依然是对于某一个群体的刻板印象和偏见。 We can trace the term “microaggression” back to 1970. The term was coined by Harvard University psychiatrist Chester M. Pierce to describe insults and dismissals, which he regularly witnessed non-black Americans inflicting on African Americans.1970年，由哈佛大学的心理学家创造出来的这个词，最初是用来形容其他族裔对于非裔美国人，也就是美国黑人的歧视。By the early 21st century, use of the term was applied to the casual degradation of any socially marginalized group. 而到了21世纪早期，microaggression就延展到对所有边缘化群体日常的这种轻视和贬低。除了少数族裔，还可以针对 ***性少数人群，people living in poverty贫困人口, and people with disabilities以及残障人士。Psychologists Derald Wing Sue defines microaggressions as brief, everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to certain individuals because of their group membership. 心理学家Derald Wing Sue就把这种微歧视定义为在日常的交流里，对于某一个特定群体的人，发出的这种贬损贬低的信息。I know a lot of people would ask, all these microaggressions that you have been describing, targeting a specific marginalized group. It just sounds like racism, sexism, and homophobia.可能有人就会说，刚才提到的这些微歧视的定义，和我们平时说的racism种族歧视，sexism性别歧视，还有homophobia恐同，到底有什么不同呢？ There is a difference, otherwise, they won't be called microaggressions.Although microaggressions and these common discrimination, they are based on some of the same core ideas. But microaggressions are a little different from overtly racist, sexist, or homophobic acts or comments because they typically don't have any negative intent or hostility behind them. 这是因为比起那些overtly racist, sexist, homophobic acts or comments，明显的、公然的性别歧视，种族歧视等等, Microaggressions它通常的出发点并不是完全恶意和负面的;and also people who engage in microaggressions are ordinary people who generally see themselves as good moral, decent individuals, and microaggressions occur because they are outside the level of conscious awareness of the perpetrator. 而且这些发起微歧视的人，他们通常都是有正常三观的普通人。之所以会有microaggression，往往是因为在某一方面，他完全没有意识到已经对他人造成了冒犯。But that is not to say microaggressions are not harmful. Microaggressions, although they're seemingly small and sometimes innocent offenses can take a real psychological toll on the mental health of their recipients. 不过虽然叫做微歧视，看起来似乎没有什么大不了的，但它也依然会给接受者造成不小的负面心理影响。

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope, advanced episode. Hi, Lulu. Hi, James.In our basic episode, we were talking about the generalities of political correctness. For this advanced episode, I want to get into the more nitty gritty of PC language, specifically how it's almost impossible to know what is PC now.Yeah. Has it been taken too far?I, me personally, I think some people do take it a bit too far. You can see this by how the standard just keeps changing. And there is no set standard of what is or is not PC, but it seems like people keep moving the goal post. It's like… it's like you can say this but not that. Now you can't say that either you have to say this, now you can't say this, you have to say those. It's like… what is right?Yeah. And who's to decide what's right?That's the other key, it’s like who gets to make the decision, because if it's say, if we're going to talk about like the common one that shows up a lot, let's say just simply, should you say black or should you say African American?OK. So who is the one who decides which is politically correct? If you're talking about the community that you're directly referring to, they don't… themselves have a consensus of what is or is not PC. So if you have the group, you're trying to avoid offending, who can't decide whether it is or is not offensive, then you're at a loss.The other thing is, you were talking about language being ever changing, especially this whole PC language. You know that the whole idea of reclaiming certain words.For example, that's just again use this idea of black. So white is okay but black is not, it's been for a period of time people thought that was not PC, you have to say African American, what not. And then there are people saying, no, why shouldn't we say black? We should reclaim that word and then just use it in a positive sense. You see, in a lot of aspects, language has been reclaimed to mean something positive because why should you think black is an offensive term if it's just a word?So, as… there's no good answer to that and I… sociologists and other much more educated people than us debate this all the time and they don't get anywhere with it.No, it's almost like debating for debating’s sake.I think that's what they get paid to do. They're talking heads. Yeah. The other thing that's very big, that's also relevant to PC language is the idea of cancel culture.Yes, cancel culture. This is a big one right now. And you see this a lot, like this is something big, you'll see in a lot of college campuses in America right now, is students trying to stop speakers from coming to the school to give presentations, because some of the students don't agree with the views or the things that speaker says, even though the university invited them to introduce different views and different opinions.And right now, cancel culture, I personally think cancel culture is extremely dangerous, just because somebody doesn't like something is not a reason that you should stop them from speaking. Because if you use like in a classroom, like I spend time in the classroom, we have questions and discussions, and students get to share their opinions. I don't always agree with my students’ opinions, but I'm not going to prevent them from sharing their views in class. And I'm also not going to let my students argue or insult students for sharing opposing views.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来. 闲话美国. Hi, James. Hi, Lulu. Hi everyone. So what are we gonna talk about today? Right. So I have a question for you. And it is have you ever noticed how some Americans are always very careful about how they address or refer to other people? What do you mean? Let me give me an example. So a lot of students, when they learn English, they learn words like businessman, but we don't use that word anymore. It's now business person. Oh, ok. So you don't say businessman, you say business person. I know what you're talking about, are you talking about political correctness? PC.Yes, PC, political correctness is the topic of the day. PC直译的话就叫政治正确. I think if you watch a lot of American TV shows or talk shows, you definitely, definitely have heard of this expression, but I think many of our listeners probably don't really know the ins and outs of it. So first of all, James, give us a definition, what exactly is political correctness. Okay. So in simple terms, think of it as a way of using English that tries its best to avoid offending other people. 就是尽量不要冒犯别人的这种用词. So the original goal of this is try to be polite, not to offend. Right? It's kind of a combination of that. So it's about things like to avoid generalization or grouping people together or assuming things about others. It's even if it's talking about positive stereotypes. So if we take like a very common positive stereotype, like Asians are good at math that is not technically politically correct. Because it's a stereotype. That's a stereotype and a generalization, even though it's considered a positive stereotype, it's still not politically correct. It's about avoiding implying anything based on somebody's gender, race, nationality and so on. I see. When did this whole PC trend start? That's really kind of difficult to point down, but generally it got kind of big in the late 80s and 90s, and it's really big now. Yeah, and it's just constantly evolving as well. I think is it fair to say even for native speakers, even for Americans, not everyone's fully aware of all the PC terms that you should be using. This is quite complex, partially because the PC terms do change from time to time. I mean it's hard to keep up with what is or is not. Okay. Also, there is no agreement completely of what is or is not okay, because it's about not offending others. If you think about it, is it ever really possible to avoid not offending everybody? 搜索【璐璐的英文小酒馆】查看全文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi everyone. Today we are going to continue our talk on Prosecco and we have in our studio to more guest speakers, Joey and Daniele from the restaurant industry. Welcome to the show guys. Hello everybody. Good afternoon.First of all, I will actually give the floor to you guys to tell us a little bit about your restaurant experience. Let's start with Daniele. Hello. I’m Daniele Salvo from Italy, exactly from Napoli (Naples那不勒斯). And we are located in Beijing with Bottega. We arrived here for consulting. One enterprise approached my family for restaurant consulting and we arrived here 11 years ago exactly.I have to admit Bottega is actually one of my favorite pizza restaurants in Beijing. Thank you.And actually I’ve heard that you guys won the Best Pizza in Asia Award, right?Exactly. We take this massive award from 50 Top Pizza, which is a world guide of best pizzeria in the world.That’s impressive.And with them, we are working that in future as so in China there will be a real ranking of best pizzeria, not just in Asia.You basically have been around this industry, especially pizza since…basically since childhood, right?My father was a pizza chef, all these brothers are pizza chef, my grandfather is pizza chef. We grew up in a pizza environment.Sounds amazing.So what about you, Joey? Your restaurant is in fusion food, is fusion cuisine, right?Yes, that's right. My name is Joey. I’m from Singapore. I’ve been in Shanghai since 1995 and I used to work as a corporate guy in advertising. Restaurant was something that I started in 2015. My last restaurant was called UMAAMI Global Kitchen and Bar. What we do is basically Singapore style fusion food to get with a bar. Yes.I’m gonna ask both of you a basic question, what is it like to work in a restaurant or have a restaurant in Beijing and in Shanghai? What is unique about this experience? I mean, especially Daniele, you were always in food and beverage, how is it different?Totally different, for me it was a unique experience. First of all, the impact with this big city, Beijing 25 million people, we don't have this big city in South Italy. Also the communication was a big step for us, a big world. And the search of the ingredients, at beginning it was quite hard to find the right ingredients. Even simple basis was not easy to find.But over the years, I mean in the past 5 years or so, it's getting easier, I would assume? Definitely, with more importing company, I’m importing like made in Italy food like mozzarella, tomato, basil sauce, now it’s getting quite easier now to find products.Sounds amazing. And what about you Joey, in Shanghai, I mean obviously people have a much more open attitude and perhaps products are just easier to source.《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

《曲外之音》-百老汇最“下流”的上流音乐剧Hi, everyone. And welcome back to the Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver. Hello, again. This is Part Two of our discussion on the Book of Mormon.Yeah, a great musical. Albeit controversial, because on the surface it looks like it’s anti-religion, it’s saying that religions are stupid, but it's not necessarily so, is it？No, it does look like that at first glance, but it's not being offensive towards religions. I don't think so. If you look below the surface of it, it is just kind of making a commentary on people's beliefs, not necessarily religion, but any people's beliefs; and it's not offensive to them, it's just using comedy as a way to discuss them. I think it's not sort of criticizing religion as a concept, as a source of faith, source of hope, source of salvation. But it's more satirizing some of the very rigid rituals certain religions have, or all religions have, and saying that we shouldn't be focusing on all of these minute details of a religion, but we should focus on why people have religion or have religious belief to start with. It is really to have that hope. Yes, I agree. I think it is just making a comment on how people's beliefs might be a little bit unusual sometimes and may seem silly to others, but the outcome is that people have hope, they have belief. This lets them get through terrible situations, whatever their hope is, whatever their belief is. It's a coping mechanism in many ways. And that is something that everybody needs, no matter how you find it. Especially like the beginning and the end they use the same piece of music. Beginning it was saying the Book of Mormon, towards the end, it says the Book of Arnold, it doesn't matter whether it’s Book of Mormon or Book of Arnold. The idea is the same. It brings people hope. Yeah, the fact the music is the same. It shows that religions whilst they may seem different and have different names, they have the same goal in a way, which is this hope that people have. Yeah, and even for people who are self-claimed believers, and sometimes it's very difficult to say what they actually believe in. Is it the actual details about a certain god or certain deity, or is it more about the idea of religion？For example, the villagers in Uganda, when Arnold Cunningham, one of the Mormon boys, when he was preaching, he added in a lot of nonsense, he added in a lot of Sci-Fi films and fantasy films. However, these people just believed him. So eventually they were trying to say to the villagers Look, I'm so sorry that was not real. A lot of those things we said was nonsense. And then the villagers were saying you know what, we didn't take it literally. We took it metaphorically, we never thought those were the absolute truth what you were saying, but we just took it as part of the belief system and that's just metaphorical. I think obviously we don't want to go into specific religions in the world now, but if you think about it, every religion has those stories. If you ask believers, do they truly believe in all of those stories that actually happened？Maybe not, but the messages these stories sent, they're very meaningful.Yeah. They're very meaningful. I am not religious myself, but I like the messages that they bring the faith and the hope that they give to people. But talking about that, actually a little bit about the music. One of the…perhaps can be construed as most offensive piece of music in this, is called Hasa Diga Eebowai. Yeah, we were just talking about nice messages of hope. This is a message of hope. This is a coping mechanism. It fits perfectly into what we were talking about even if the language is appalling for some people. Yeah.

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. Welcome back to the show.If I ask you to imagine Italy, what pops up in your mind first, grand architecture, breathtaking landscape, gorgeous people, or exquisite cuisine?And now imagine you're appreciating the ancient architecture, chatting with people, and enjoying the food, still something is missing, it is that special bubbly drink that is quintessentially Italian, Prosecco.In this four-episode series, financed by the Prosecco DOC Consortium, according to EU regulation, we are going to embark on a fascinating journey into the world of Prosecco.跟着酒馆一起来趟意大利文化之旅, 打开意大利国民起泡酒Prosecco的世界.So first things first, what is Prosecco to Italians？-To me, Prosecco is all about music, parties, and friends. -Prosecco symbolize joy, victory, and celebration.-For me, Prosecco means weekends and holidays. -Prosecco is a relaxing moment in my garden at the end of the day.To understand this bestselling sparkling wine in the world, we’re honored to have a special guest in our studio today. Miss Tanya Barattin from the Prosecco DOC Consortium to share with us all about this beautiful and quintessentially Italian wine Prosecco. Welcome to the show, Tanya.Hello, thank you so much. I'm so excited to be here with you today. Great.I know that you work with Prosecco from an expert’s point of view, but for our listeners a lot of them probably don't really know that much about Proseccos, some of them probably have never heard of Prosecco, so first things first, what is Prosecco？Yeah, we can say that Prosecco is the worldwide leading Italian sparkling wine, a representation of Italian excellence, coming from a specific territory located in Northeast side of Italy, switching between two beautiful regions which are Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia.Italians had a long history of making Prosecco.Yes.So when was Prosecco first made going back in history?If we look to the nowadays areas of production which is represented by these nine provinces between these two beautiful regions in Northeast of Italy, we found first wine production since the Roman Empire, so very long time ago.Wow.But the first, we can say oral mention about wine sounding Prosecco goes back to the 1382, and were in the most Northeast side of the region in Trieste province. That time some historical people, wine studying, Plinio, a Naturalis historia study of Plinio il Vecchio found this wine called ‘Pucino’, and they think that was the ancient name of Prosecco. (Prosecco Wine: History, Information, Interesting Facts - WebFoodCulture)That was the original.Yes. First we can say oral mention, because for the first written mention, we have to go back to the 1745, and we moved to the most West side of the area of production near Vicenza;and there was a poet, Aureliano Acanti wrote about Prosecco in a very shining way in the poem “Il Roccolo”.There are many vineyards in that region, right？Many people are actually involved in the Prosecco…Yes, exactly, especially in Treviso province because if we talk about when we started to produce Prosecco in a sparkling version, like we know it nowadays, we have to go back to the 1850, in Treviso, in the beautiful Conegliano, where was found the most historical Italian oenology school, it was the 1876 more or less, for the first time was applied to second fermentation, so the bubbling process to Glera grapes in order to make Prosecco. I see. But if we look to nowadays, Prosecco is made by a very big family because especially the DOC is represented by more than 12,000 grape lords, so the one that the cultivated grapes; 1,200 wine makers, the one that takes care to the base wine, production; and 360 sparkling houses, so the one that takes care of the bubbling, so the second fermentation and bottling.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. Hi, 安澜.Hi, Lulu. Hi everyone.So what are we gonna talk about today？I really don't know. It's just too hot to think about anything. I know what you're talking about. I mean we have been experiencing heat waves in Beijing. It starts very very early in the morning, but also Europe is going through serious heat wave.Yeah, Britain, at the moment, this week is bracing for a heat wave.What is heat wave for Britain？I mean I used to live in London and the highest temperature I remember was barely 30.This heat wave is particularly unique because it looks like the temperatures are gonna go up to 40℃.In London?In the southeast of England. 40℃？Wow!The thing is it’s not so much the sun, it's more that certain times of the year we get the really hot winds coming from the Sahara in Africa.And it was never this bad.This is the first time in England at least that the temperature alert has ever reached red. It's always been amber, but for the first time in history is now red and the government have actually declared a national emergency.You know I guess for people in lots of parts of China, we would think isn't that exaggerating a little bit, and 40℃ is not really like that serious.It is a bit different in the UK.I don't think you guys have air conditioning.Office buildings like cinemas and other big public buildings have air conditioning. Homes generally don't.Most of British people don't even have fans.They do now.But that's the hot item now.But houses in the UK they're not built for heat, they actually built for cold and damp weather. So they’re designed to keep heat in, they're not designed to let it out.So that's why I felt… you answered the question that I always had in my head, like why are some of the, even expensive houses or properties in the UK, they don't seem to be very airy.No, because particularly the older houses like the Victorian houses and houses built in the early 20th century, they were built for cold and damp weather.So for example, the house where I grew up that was built in the 1920s, 1930s, and my room, even though it never got as hot as the day when I was a child, my room used to go up to about 35℃ if it was maybe 30℃ outside.So the temperature actually is much higher inside.Yes. It's kind of like living in the oven type of situation.It is. It’s absolutely horrible. That's one great thing about living in Beijing is that you can have the air con on.Yeah, but I guess it's also because before this whole maybe global warming extreme weather, people in Britain never really needed air conditioner. You wouldn't buy air conditioning just to use it once a year.Not even once a year, maybe once every 5 years in the past. But now as you say, temperatures are increasing, the global climate is changing. And one of the things most noticeable, particularly London, is London underground.We talked about that when we were talking about the tube, 伦敦的那个地铁, suffocatingly hot. During the summer it’s actually quite dangerous. And when it reaches maybe 28, 30 ℃ they would actually start putting on posters saying if you use London underground…Stay hydrated.Stay hydrated, take water. So when I used to work in central London, and during the summer, I would always make sure I had a bottle of water because I've seen too many times on the underground people fainting because of the heat.You can actually faint, and for people who had never been to London, if you are thinking about the sort of modern subway system in Beijing or Shanghai or in some other major cities in China, you think about the very very air conditioned carriages.Yeah.London underground does not have air conditioning, doesn't even have fans. No.

酒馆全新音乐剧板块《曲外之音》，跟璐璐和英国资深音乐剧人Oliver一起品名音乐剧背后的故事，让高雅艺术触手可得~工忠号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以索要英语全文稿哦~{合并} Musical-Book of Mormon-1_mixdown.mp3Hi, everyone. And welcome back to the Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver. Hello again. Now this time again, I am going to propose a musical, one of my favorites, one of my old time favorites. What exactly are we going to talk about today? Which one is your favorite?I think we talked about this before and this is absolutely one of the perhaps more controversial ones. This is the Book of Mormon. I've heard of it. Yes. 中文翻译叫《摩门之书》或者《摩门经》. I'm sure some of our audience have heard of it and some of you probably have even watched it. I mean, I have watched it in the West End. I actually have seen it live. Nice. It was one of the best theatre experiences I ever had.西区 The West End of London 是19世纪的英国人用来指代伦敦查令十字以西的商业和剧院聚集区的名词。在西区中心盘踞着大大小小40个剧院，伦敦人直白的称呼这篇区域为TheatrelandFantastic. I do really want to. I haven't seen it myself, but I have listened to some of the songs and I really want to go and see this one. This is a good one. But before we get into it, remember, I said it's hugely controversial for many reasons and you will get to know as we start talking about it. But first of all, a reminder, this is not for the faint-hearted. If you are very uptight, if you get easily offended, perhaps stop listening to this. Yeah, this one… it's very easy to get offended by if you have certain views. So listen with caution. Let's jump right into it. Since I proposed it, so I'm gonna just very quickly gave a background. So the Book of Mormon, you know that this musical is actually created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, the brilliant minds behind South Park. South Park, yes. Again, another controversial thing. It seems to be there their cornerstone. South Park《南方公园》是1997年由特雷帕克和马特斯通制作的动画，至今已经有25季。《南方公园》虽然是一个卡通片，但它是拍给成年人看的，反过来又用了孩子作为主角，经常通过嫉妒夸张的模仿与巨大的脑洞，来讽刺、映射美国文化和社会问题。Do you like South Park? I do. I like the controversy but more so I like the fairness. People get offended by South Park because of what it talks about. But I think it's completely fair because it makes fun of everything. Everyone. Nothing, nothing is off limits, no one is out of bounds. And I think that just makes it a good comedy because you know what you're going to get and everybody gets the same. The Book of Mormon它是由写南方公园的这两个人写的, Trey Parker and Matt Stone. So I always tell people if you want to know if you would like the Book of Mormon, watch South Park first. South Park has a lot of music bits as well. It does. If you can get on board with those then you definitely have no problem with the Book of Mormon, you would be able to appreciate it. If you find those really offensive, really dirty, then don't go and see the Book of Mormon because you are going to be in for a shock. It is really out there, both of them, the show South Park and the musical the Book of Mormon are really out there in the comedy and the sense of humor that they have and show. So first things first, why is it called the Book of Mormon? There is actually a thing, the Book of Mormon is a real thing, it's also obviously the name of this musical, it’s about Mormons or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 摩门教可能有很多人听说过. By the way, Oliver, have you ever heard of the Mormon Church? I have, yes. I've met a few of them once before, very polite people, the group I met anyway, the family I met were very polite. But we don't have, there's not a huge following of the Mormon Church or the Latter-day Saints in the UK. It’s much more centered in the US. Yeah, but even in the US they're not like… they’re minority, anyway. No, they are in minority, but they do have a larger presence in the US than in the UK. It's a very small group in the UK. On the surface, it looks like this musical is making fun of the Mormon Church, because it's centered around these characters they’re all Mormons.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Welcome back to Geek Time. This is Geek time Advanced. We were talking about cosplay, LuLu, and you mentioned that you've cosplayed before, any chances you're going to tell us what you did before?Are we still on that? OK. I’m not going to be very specific because I actually did multiple characters. Maybe in the future, as I’m doing more videos now, maybe in the future I will do more, but usually it's this kind of really dark femme fatale characters and with some animalistic elements, but that's all I’m going to say now. Just wait for my future videos. Alright, look forward to that.So anyhow, let's get into more cosplay talk. Mhm. In the basic episode, we talked more about the costumes; but it's not just the costume, it’s a lot of props like weapons, other items like accessories...all of these.For sure. Especially nowadays with like some people are getting into like old style blacksmithing and everything like that. They're like building like realistic versions of weapons.But a lot of times people just use foam and plastic and things like that to make their weapons look realistic. People are adding like LED lights to make their weapons light up and things like that.Yeah. There's a lot of different variation people are using like realistic weapons and some of them…Actually, I don't know about YouTube, but on Bilibili, recently, there are few people who are just like you said there. I’m not sure if they're blacksmith, but they are these craftsmen. They're really into this and they are trying to make these very realistic looking like katanas or like sword from specific anime. And some of them not just light up, they can, for example, they can when you pull it out, it has it like there's fire coming out. It's really cool.I’ve seen something like that. There's a particular YouTuber that does a lot of videos like that. He's made an actual version of Mjolnir which is Thor's Hammer. He put a magnet on it, and so if he puts the hammer down on something metallic, it will magnetize to it and people won't be able to lift it. But he's got a special ring that when he puts his hand on, Mjolnir, disengage the magnet and he can lift it up.So people are really like what's going on? Wow. That is really smart. I love that, it is really smart. And also the light saber is one of those that has been made over and over again.Yeah, they haven't like done like the actual representation of like the ones we see in the movies. But they've done ones with like battery packs that you get kind of like in the extended Star Wars universe. But they have like all these things. There's an anime called Attack on Titan. And they have these swords that the blades can come off, because the blades often get stuck in things. And so you have like a pack of like seven different swords, but you have to use the same handle over and over again. And someone made like swords that can do that. And so if you carry like a pack of these sword blades. You can just cut something and then retract the handle and get a new blade.I see. I mean there's so much creativity and so much like craftsmanship in this. I’m thoroughly amazed, but that brings actually one question.Remember last time we said a lot of people would dress up and the whole gear and they would go to like a Comic-con, wouldn't that be really dangerous if everyone's like wielding real sword and katana?Some people do bring real weapons and it depends on the policy of the location that they’re holding the convention in, but they often do something called peace bonding and that means you like put something on the sword. ..【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

《小酒馆·大世界》-世界各处的文化和精彩，在小酒馆触手可得哦~ 欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi again and welcome back.So what's the weather like in your city？Has it been raining, very humid, or just suffocatingly hot? Right now we are experiencing the height of summer.And if I ask you on a typical summer day like this, what is that one treat you absolutely crave? Something you fell in love with when you were a child; something cold, sweet, creamy and just tastes like a little piece of heaven.I'm sure for a lot of you, the answer will be ice cream. In English there's a popular line of lyrics says I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream, which pretty much shows that love of ice cream is shared across the globe.But do you actually know your ice cream？In today's episode, we're going to explore the world of ice cream and all the other relevant summer treats. We're gonna take a look at different types of ice cream or frozen desserts, how to order ice cream and many interesting expressions and facts you probably didn't know before.So if you have a sweet tooth, this episode is definitely for you.今天的酒馆里璐璐给大家奉上满满的冰品冰饮,一起体验炎炎夏日的冰凉甜蜜.If you go into any supermarket or convenience store,there are so many choices when it comes to frozen desserts.But if you ask someone to use English to describe it, most people only know the word ice cream. However, ice cream just doesn't really cover the wide variety of all these frozen treats.First of all, let's take a look at some of the most popular types of frozen desserts and I put them into two categories.The first category is those with more cream. If you like a creamier taste, this category is more for you. So we start with the basics in this category, ice cream bar. 这就是我们传统意义上说的雪糕.Frozen dessert on a stick, usually with chocolate coating. So the ice cream is wrapped within a thin layer of chocolate, it's to prevent the ice cream from melting.One typical example that comes to mind is Magnum 梦龙, by the way, they are now getting really expensive. If ice cream bar is not enough for you, why not try ice cream sandwich？As the name suggests, this is a dessert that sandwich has a layer of ice cream between two cookies or two thin cake-like layers, 冰淇淋三明治.I see it quite often in the UK, somehow in Beijing they are not as popular. And for a special occasion many people would also order ice cream cake. They are great but they don't really keep that well.Going into a restaurant, cafe or just a fast food joint, many people would order sundae,喜欢吃冰激凌的小伙伴肯定都吃过圣代Sundae. It's a direct translation.

【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. Hi, Brad. Hey, Lulu.Usually I would ask what are we gonna talk about today, Brad. But I thought you have been coming up with very technical topics. So today let me propose one that is not so much geeky but nerdy, cosplay. All right, sounds good. I like cosplay.I mean you're into comic books, you're into all of these and animation, so I thought this would be a topic for you as well. Yeah, I'm definitely into comic books, animate all that so I'm definitely into the cosplay.OK, so let's start with the definition. What is cosplay? If you just look at like the basic definition as nowadays people often see it as dressing up as a character from anime or comic books, but it doesn't have to be just limited to that. It could be just about any fictional character out there. Actually cosplay this word as we know it is from Japanese and I know, Brad, you're in Japan right now. How would you pronounce it in Japanese? コスプレ/ kosupure. It's from two words costume and play. Well, it can't make this clearer, it’s just you dress up in costume and you play.Yeah. But like you said it's basically now it can be any type of fictional characters right like movie, for example, now they're showing drastic world three so technically I can dress up as a dinosaur and call that cosplay. You definitely could, that would be a very difficult costume to put together but could definitely you go for it. And although some people are doing it professionally, they’re probably get paid for it or they can sell the end products like a finished film or finished photos, but most people do it for fun. Yeah. Like nowadays especially I would say the vast majority of people are doing it just for fun. There's a very small group of people that do it professionally and get paid to go to conventions. But the vast majority of people are just creating costumes and doing it for themselves. Let’s do a very simple step by step Guide how to do it say if you don’t have anything, don’t have any experience how to start cosplay. Well, if you don't have any experience making a costume, one of the things you can do is just go online and buy a costume. They're usually pretty cheap and depending upon where you buy them, the quality can be decent. There are a lot of cheaper costumes, so you have to watch out because some of them might fall apart after like a use or two. But you can definitely buy them online or you can make them yourself.The really shoddy ones. But you gotta have tailoring skills, that’s not something that everyone can do really to make your own costume, especially considering some of the costumes are hugely elaborate, usually complex. Yeah, people usually when they first start out, they'll choose a costume that's much easier to make where they can like maybe buy a shirt and then just make some modifications to the shirt to look like that anime character. Like if you look at Charlie Brown, for example, he's got a yellow shirt with a black stripe on it and some people will just buy yellow T-shirt and then use a marker or paint dye or something to put that diagonal on it, yeah. I'm just thinking who's gonna cosplay Charlie Brown. I brought up Charlie Brown because I've seen Charlie Brown cosplay before. Wow, that is strange. Anyhow but I mean in China it has been getting bigger this whole trend this cosplay trend. So you see some professional quite professional studios on for example Taobao. So you can send them pictures or tell them which character you want and for quite relatively high price they can make it as close to the original costume as possible. So it's kind of like customized or even bespoke costume.For sure. 【Geek Time】-“极客”时间，和“科技宅”Brad一起聊神秘有趣的“黑科技”“高科技”“硬科技”。欢迎关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，可以查看更多精彩内容，查看英语全文稿哦~

关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】获取全文稿哦~Another thing that is quite important about reading literature is to really train your critical thinking skills. Because in these stories, nothing is just black or white. You don't have one person who is definitely the villain, or one person who's definitely the hero. These stories, these books, they represent the complexities of human life. 对, 人性很复杂的, 其实有时候我觉得挺遗憾的就是 Now you see sometimes the stories are so simplified. It's like when you look at one character and you say he's a bad person, so everything about him is bad. Literature should not be like that. Every character, good characters, good books should really be round, they should have different aspects about them. 就是说经典的文学里面, 所有的角色应该是比较复杂的, 全面的这样有血有肉的角色, 而不只是一个扁平化的脸谱型的角色。Hm.So now you might ask there are actually many of these courses, like reading courses, 其实市面上还有很多这种什么名著, 包括某一本书这样的课程. Why is our course a bit different？I would say first of all, we don't just have the regular classics like Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, which I'm sure you've all read, and they are all great books. Don't get me wrong. 就是我们选书的时候首先没有选那种就是说在中国读者这边就已经被说烂了的, 比如说什么 Jane Eyre, I’ve actually never read Jane Eyre. Neither do I.And personally, I’m not that crazy about Jane Austen or about Bronte Sisters because they've just been talked about so much. So what we want to do with this course is we want to introduce some books, they're pretty much known by everyone in the English speaking world, even if they’ve not read them, but they're known about, but they're not necessarily the most famous books here in China. 我们最开始在选择【英文名著扫盲班】第一季这10本书的书单的时候, 我跟安澜讨论了很久, 就找了一些这种在中国并不是大红大紫的, 或者被讨论了很多年的这种书, 但是这10本书又确实是在所有的英语世界的榜单里面都是在很前面的。 Usually top 10, top 20. Yep, and also our rule of thumb is if they are constantly referenced or parodied in TV shows or movies, then they're on the list. 还有一个就是经常会在英语国家的电视电影, 包括动画作品里面, 如果你经常能听到 cultural reference对它们的一些玩梗, 包括reference and parody恶搞, then they are on the list, because they are that popular. But we’ve also chosen stories and books that are quite varied in their themes or styles or genres. Because people are very different, right？One person might like reading this type of stories, another person might prefer something completely different. Yep. I have to admit there's one or two books on our list that probably not my favorites.We have our differences.Exactly. But we talk about books like To Kill a Mocking Bird, and we discuss racism and the background of the Civil Rights Movement; we also talk about Catcher in the Rye, and books that have been banned in schools. 《麦田里的守望者》就是禁书的榜首这样的书, 还有刚才安澜说了To Kill a Mocking Bird,《杀死一只知更鸟》会谈到种族冲突和平权的运动. And also 安澜has chosen personally Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. Yes, that's actually one of my favorite books, but again very well known, it was originally a radio show, that has been made into a TV show and it's been made into a film as well. It has been parodied a lot, and you do see it as pop cultural references. It is science fiction. And it's totally absurd. It's essentially as a comedy. And also that, we know a lot of our listeners are students, you might be university students or even high school students. So you're just transitioning into your adulthood, you're becoming an adult. So we've also chosen a couple of the coming of age stories like Lord of the Flies, Little Women.And Treasure Island. 比如说我们还专门找了几本这种成长型的coming of age stories, 比如说《蝇王》或者说《小妇人》, 包括安澜说的《金银岛》, they are all touching upon the coming of age theme.

关注***【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获得全文稿哦。Hi everyone. Great news, we have a new course for you. Yeah. 我们的新课程【英文名著扫盲班】上线了, 璐璐和安澜陪你读英语国家家喻户晓的10本经典，带你走进10个风格迥异, 但都精彩非常的故事。So安澜, the English name for this course is called Bluffer's Guide to Literature, why Bluffer’s Guide? We chose the name Bluff’s Guide because we understand that you might be a bit busy, or you might not have the time, or you might not even be able to find the book. So instead of actually having to read the entire book, well we hope you do read the book, we hope that this course will give you enough knowledge to bluff other people. So if someone asks you or makes a reference about these books, you know enough about the book to carry on the conversation. 其实就是下回别人再谈起来, 或者说提到这些经典里面的桥段, 你至少可以装一下。Yes. We're not just excited because we have this new course, but also because this new course is something that ,安澜 and I, we've been trying to do for ages. We both love literature, we both love reading, we love books, everything to do with books. Or basically big book nerds or book warms. We are pretty nerdy when it comes to books. 我跟安澜都是那种书虫属性的。 So I thought in this intro for our new course, you can talk a little bit about our experiences with books, and why literature matters. Lulu, tell me why do you like book so much？Why do you like reading so much. All right, this goes back to when I was really little. You know how parents would tell little kids bed time stories, 家长都会给小孩讲那种***故事, but when I was a little, I wouldn't fall asleep listening to those stories, I get even more excited. So I'd be like, my mom was falling asleep, then I said, mom wake up what happen next?And then eventually I just lost the patience and I taught myself how to read so that I can read stories, I would say that was the beginning of my very long romance with books, and then I started reading books and I never stopped.What type of books?For me, really my primary interest, I know this doesn't sound like very in-depth or intellectual, I love mystery, suspense, crime, detective sort of books.Ah yes, Agatha Christie, Sherlock Holmes…Hm, the classics, but also lots of other styles. I have never been interested in romance. What about you？I'm not very interested in romance, but I was saying my situation is probably quite similar. My stories are quite similar to yours. I love Eden. When I was younger, my dad would tell me stories from history, the Greek myth, for example. So I was constantly hearing all of these stories. And when I was younger, it actually took me a little bit longer to learn how to speak than other kids. And my parents actually say that I learned how to read before I learned how to speak. Maybe you just didn't want to speak because books are so fascinating. They are friends. Pretty much. I was always in the library, I was always taking out books, and I was always getting into trouble for library fines because I would like the book so much that I wouldn't want to give it back. You’d just keep the books. I would just keep the books, and every so often I’d to go to my mom to beg her to pay off the library fine.I see. But what about your first experience reading any books in another language, I mean, for me, it's obviously English, but for you it's, I don't know, German?Yes, I would say the first books I read in a foreign language were in German. So I read some of the German classics, like 20th century literature; and I also used to read German newspapers and magazines, I can't do that now, my German is terrible. But then I went on to Latin and Greek, because I studied that at university; and then finally to Chinese. 安澜的外文阅读就听起来都很高大上, 什么德文经典, 拉丁文的经典。

微信公众号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu. Hi, everyone. So in the previous episode we were focusing on nature documentaries, especially those made by BBC. In this episode, let's move on to history documentaries which I know you love.I love history documentaries. I just love absolutely everything about history. In this we’re so different because history has got to be one of my biggest headaches when I was in school. I think the reason why I didn't like history is because I thought it was so boring. It was mostly about memorizing dates and names and facts. Yeah, I know that a lot of people they learn history that way, but when I was at school and also outside of school as well, I learned history by the stories and that's the thing that I found really fun is that there's so many stories, it’s not just names of kings or queens or emperors. They are actual people, they’re the stories behind all of these grand events in history. This is what I said about, I've recently started to get into documentaries because some of these great documentaries they really bring history to life. I know we're gonna be talking about BBC documentaries, but I can even see that now in China there's some really great history documentaries that do bring history to life. Yeah, it's not just this really like very rigid structure and almost like textbook materials. This is the thing, they start to do things like docudrama or like reenactment就是那种场景再现. Docudrama就是documentary和drama拼在一起的. So they would hire actual actors to act as these famous historical figures. That is also very popular in the UK. Very very popular. One of the…ones I liked the most is a bit old now is called Days that Shook the World. Yes I love that. Days that Shook the World, when I was watching it, I did not even think I was watching documentary.Yep. Because it's just a very simple premise. Basically it's one day that's really meant to us in history and they go through it step by step, so minute by minute. And they get actors and actresses to act as these people. It's really gripping. Yes, it is. And it's different from a drama because as you say it's a docudrama, so it's really authentic, it's very close to the original. This is one trend of trying to make it into a docudrama. The other trend I don't know if you would agree with me is that you see a lot of scholars but they are not your conventional scholars or just like being very serious and giving you all these theories. Yeah. In the UK, I would say one of the most famous scholars who appears in these history documentaries is Mary Beard. (温妮弗莱德·玛丽·比尔德爵士（Dame Winifred Mary Beard）英国著名古典学家，剑桥大学古典学教授。)Mary beard. Is she the one who's doing like ancient Rome? Yes, she's a professor of classics at Cambridge University. But she's not the typical Cambridge don and she's not dry or boring. She's actually really passionate about her subject. ( don, see also donnish, a teacher at a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge （尤指牛津大学和剑桥大学的）大学教师)Honestly, my stereotype of an Oxford or Cambridge academic is someone who's very elitist, speak with a posh accent, and just like, basically saying ‘I'm gonna teach you this, and I know you wouldn't understand.’Yeah, pretty much, that's one thing I really like about this particular presenter is that she makes it really engaging. She brings ancient history down to earth. So she talks about things like graffiti. She talks about how Romans go to the toilet. Yeah, I remember watching bits of it when she was going around all these ruins in Rome and introducing the artifacts. And I think you could really see passion in her eyes. But she really isn't a TV figure. I don't like judging people's appearance but I'm not even talking about appearance but more like she doesn't really do like all these makeup or grooming and all that, she's got hair all over the place. 关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查询全文文稿。

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Today's Buzzword is going to be very special. It is not an expression that we would use on a daily basis, but it is one of the hottest discussion topics in the past few days. 相信很多人都知道几天之前美国发生了一件大事儿, 这件事情不仅让英文的媒体炸开了锅, 在中文的媒体和社交平台上也受到了广泛的关注. 而这条新闻有一个核心的概念, 也就是我们今天的Buzzword, 那就是Roe v. Wade. 中文的翻译比较拗口, 叫做“罗诉韦德案”. So in today's Buzzword, we're gonna get into the basics of Roe v. Wade and why it is such a big deal？The actual Roe v. Wade is a legal case. 如果你看过美剧里的庭审的场景, 肯定会对这个表达不陌生. 这种X v. Y的表达一般作为某一个诉讼的简称, X v. Y就是 “X 诉Y”, 这也是为什么在中文里我们把它翻译成 “罗诉韦德案”. So who is Roe and who is Wade？For this we need to go back in time. In 1969, Norma McCorvey, a Texas woman in her early 20s, sought to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. 话说在1969年, 美国德州有一位叫Norma McCorvey的二十几岁的女性, 她意外怀孕了, 然后想要堕胎.McCorvey, who had grown up in difficult, impoverished circumstances, previously had given birth twice and given up both children for adoption. 她的经济条件很差, 之前生过两个孩子都因为无力抚养, 只能把孩子送给别人领养.At the time of McCorvey’s pregnancy in 1969, abortion was legal in Texas, but only for the purpose of saving a woman's life. 当时她所住的德克萨斯州对于堕胎的法律是: 除非是危及到孕妇生命的情况, 不然堕胎一律不合法. So in that kind of situations, American women with the money, they could get abortion by traveling to other countries or pay a large fee to a US doctor willing to secretly perform an abortion. 对于当时的美国女性来讲, 如果你有足够的经济条件, 你可以到堕胎合法的其他国家去进行手术, 或者是在美国本地找一个愿意秘密违法进行堕胎的医生. 但对于McCorvey这样经济条件的人来说, 她并没有办法在经济上承担这样的选择. So after trying unsuccessfully to get an illegal abortion, McCorvey was referred to Texas attorneys Linda Coffee and Sarah Weddington, who were interested in challenging anti-abortion laws.这个时候就有人给她介绍了两位律师愿意帮她打这个官司, 针对德州反堕胎的法律提出质疑. 在法庭的记录里, 给McCorvey的化名就是Jane Roe, 这就是“罗诉韦德”里的“罗”.So in 1970, the attorneys filed a lawsuit on behalf of McCorvey against Henry Wade, the district attorney of Dallas County where McCorvey lived. 所以1970年这两位律师就提起诉讼状告当时McCorvey所居住的德州达拉斯的地区检察官Henry Wade, 认为德州禁止堕胎的法律, violated McCorvey’s constitutional right to privacy, 侵犯到了美国宪法赋予McCorvey的隐私权. 这里的Henry Wade也就是“罗素韦德案”里的“韦德”.The case eventually reached the US Supreme Court, and Supreme Court made a ruling in a 7-2 decision, struck down the Texas law banning abortion. 这个诉讼案最终是到达了美国的联邦最高法院. 在1973年联邦高院的9位大法官以7:2的多数裁定判定McCorvey, 也就是“罗”胜诉.To be more specific, the court divided pregnancy into three trimesters.更具体的来讲, 法院裁定把整个的pregnancy分成三个孕期, three trimesters, 每个孕期大概三个月; And declared that the choice to end a pregnancy in the first trimester was solely up to the woman. 前三个月, 也就是第一个孕期, 完全由怀孕的女性自身决定是否进行人工流产;In the second trimester, the government would regulate abortion, although not ban it, in order to protect the mother’s health.第二个孕期为了保护孕妇本人的健康. 政府可以对堕胎进行一定的管控, 但是也不会完全禁止.In the third trimester, the state could prohibit abortion to protect a fetus that could survive on its own outside the womb, except when a woman’s health was in danger.到了第三个孕期, 由于这个时候的胎儿如果脱离母体, 已经可以独立存活. 为了保证他们的生命权, 政府才会禁止堕胎. 除非有特殊情况证明, 如果不终止妊娠会危及到孕妇的生命. So that was the legacy of Roe v. Wade. "欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~"

公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。Hi, everyone. Welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. 嗨，安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.You know, in the beginning of the segment, I always asked you what we gonna talk about today, but how about I propose a topic? Oh, brilliant. Finally, the pressure is off me. And you're definitely gonna love this topic. Woo! So let me ask you a question first. When it comes to TV and film, what is your favorite genre? I would say documentaries. Yes, let's talk about documentaries. Ok, it’s brilliant. Particularly BBC documentaries. I know BBC has made a lot of documentaries. Yes. And you pretty much watched all of them. Pretty much. I do love documentaries. I only started to get into documentaries in recent years. Before I thought them as a bit boring, they're just not as exciting as your fictional stories. But how can you say that. Real life is just so much more fascinating than anything in the TV drama or TV series. There's so many amazing things in the world. And there's so much history, nature, and all those stories behind those as well. I guess that's what they say, real life is often stranger than fiction. Pretty much. Is that why you like documentaries? You mentioned nature and history. YES.Those are pretty common themes for documentaries. Those are the ones I really like. So for nature, it's the amazing wildlife, it's the calm but also exciting parts as well. For example, you see lions in Africa, you see birds in Antarctica, etc, etc, it’s just amazing to see all of these different forms of wildlife around some of the most beautiful scenery in the world. BBC documentaries, especially nature documentaries, got amazing filming, absolutely stunning imageries. And history, I remember talking to you about this before, I guess that's also the reason why I started to get into documentary, it’s when real life kind of gets really stressful and you feel like you're stuck and you watch some of the history documentaries, and you think human beings, each one of us is just so unimportant when you think about it in historical terms. The thing about history is that pretty much anything that has happened or will happen has happened maybe thousands of years ago.And again and againAnd again and again. That's, I would say, that's one of the great things, but also one of the bad things about humans is that we're always constantly repeating our triumphs, but we also repeat our mistakes as well. ....关注【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，查看更多精彩内容。

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~In the beginning of the show, she's constantly shooting videos about her experience in the Jurassic Park. And then you have Yasmina or Yas who is a teen athlete, extremely fit, she's been training for years and she always shines when there's a need for speed and agility. The last one is Sammy, Sammy is full of energy, is one of those people that has such a bubbly personality that she's always able to cheer everyone up. So these are the characters, pretty stereotypical, right？The story line is very simple. These six teenagers, the original plan was they would go to this camp at the Jurassic Park. And they would enjoy a fascinating camp experience, seeing all the dinosaurs doing all the activities. But then you know as with any of the Jurassic movies, things go horribly wrong. And these teenagers were left on the island, having to survive and defending themselves, and trying to eventually get off the island. So that's pretty much the background of the story. And of course the biggest story line is about dinosaurs. So let's take a look at dinosaurs. The word dinosaur was coined by sir Richard Owen in 1841 to describe the fossils of these reptiles. So he came up with the word dinosaur combining the Greek words “deinos”, which means terrible, and “sauros”, which means lizard, terrible lizards, 恐怖的蜥蜴, and there you have dinosaur.The study of dinosaurs belongs to the field of Paleontology. If you watch Friends you’d know that, that's Ross’ field. The dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic era, Mesozoic era中生代被称为the age of dinosaurs, because dinosaurs were the dominant species of the age, that was about 252 to 66 million years ago. Mesozoic era included three consecutive geological time periods. 中生代又分为三个季Triassic period 三叠纪, Jurassic period 侏罗纪, and Cretaceous period白垩纪, whenever we watch any movies within the Jurassic franchise, what most of us are interested in are dinosaurs themselves. What types of dinosaurs are we seeing？There are many ways to categorize dinosaurs, the basic ones by what they eat, like other species, we can categorize dinosaurs as carnivore, the meat eaters, 肉食; Herbivore, the plant eaters, 植食; and Omnivore, the everything eater, 杂食.Dinosaurs who eat other animals can be called predators, 掠食者. And if no one can eat them or hunt them in the food chain then they are Apex predator, 顶级掠食者.Any animals they hunt are called prey. But then obviously there are more complex ways to categorize dinosaurs. So the two major categories that most dinosaurs seem to fall into are Saurischians, meaning lizard hipped, and Ornithischian or bird hipped. 按照更专业的分类, 恐龙主要的两大类分别是Saurischians 蜥臀目也叫龙盘目, and Ornithischian鸟豚木, 或者叫鸟盘木. Let's start with Saurischians . Under Saurischians, there are two major sub categories. The first category is called Theropods beast-footed. 在龙盘目或者蜥臀目下面有两个主要的亚目, 第一个是Theropods 兽脚亚目, they tend to be meat eaters, they have powerful legs and short arms. Any particular dinosaur comes to mind. Yes, the tyrannosaurus暴龙.Let’s face it, it simply wouldn't be a good dinosaur movie if it doesn't have tyrannosaurus in it. But it's not just a tyrannosaurus, pretty much all these fake scary creatures that appear in the Jurassic franchise and also more specifically in this TV series, belong to the Theropods category. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Upcycling. Just by hearing this word, you might be able to guess that upcycling has something to do with recycling, upcycling also known as creative reuse. By definition, upcycle means to recycle or reuse something in a way that increases the original object’s value. Upcycling中文翻译成“升级再造”, 也就是把已经用旧了或者不能用的东西加入一点想象力和创造力, 把它升级再造成一个新的东西, 以实现物品材料循环再利用的目的. In short, upcycling is taking something old and creating something new. Now you might be asking since there is upcycling, is there downcycling？Of course, the best way to understand upcycling is actually to compare it to downcycling. Both are types of recycling. Downcycling is the kind of recycling we usually think of. 其实说到downcycling有的时候被翻译成降级再造, 也就是我们传统上理解的这种循环回收, 再利用Recycling. This is, for example, recycling paper or plastic, these materials are broken down and reused to create a product that is considered less valuable than the original. 在这种传统的降级再利用里, 一般就是把材料回收之后, 通过再次的加工生产出一个价值较低的产品. For example, most recycled paper like old newspapers is considered to be lower grade paper. 比如说回收的旧报纸之类的纸类就会被recycle或者downcycle成一些品质要求较低的纸制品. And by contrast, upcycling is the same process of free using old materials, but it creates something more valuable or of a higher quality. For example, it might include using materials from plastic bottles to make new shoes or reclaimed wood to make quality furniture. 而对比之下, upcycling升级再造就指的是在循环再造的过程中, 会通过创意和设计让被回收的旧物或者旧材料拥有更高的价值. 比如说用回收的塑料瓶做成鞋子, 或者把回收的木材做成高品质的家具. Essentially the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower grade version of the same thing; and upcycling transforms old materials into a new different high quality item. Another reason why upcycling is pretty popular is because it supports a circular economy.Upcycling升级再造这个风潮之所以会火起来, 还有一个原因是因为它有利于circular economy, 循环经济. This is a system in which goods are used and reused multiple times rather than getting discarded or thrown away after one use. This system is more sustainable because it relies on using what we already have rather than constantly creating new products out of new materials. 这种循环经济就跟我们现在都在关心的sustainability, sustainable living, 可持续的生活方式息息相关. The idea of upcycling started in mid 90s, and there are some clear benefits of it. The first one is upcycling minimizes the extraction of natural resources. 首先升级再造upcycling可以最大程度地减少对于自然资源的使用.When you upcycle something, you reduce the need to extract raw materials or create synthetic materials because you already have what you need.因为upcycle用的都是现成就已经有的回收再利用的东西, 所以既不需要使用更多的原材料, 也不需要去生产更多的合成材料. Think about how many trees we can save if all our furniture is made with pre-used wood. The second benefit upcycling can bring is that it reduces landfill waste. Upcycling的第二个好处是可以减少垃圾填埋. It saves your original product from a fate in the landfill. Even if the original product is recyclable, plastic can only be downcycled once or twice before the product breaks down. And eventually these recyclables still end up in landfill which can be harmful, especially if they aren't biodegradable. 虽然我们平时扔垃圾的时候会注意可回收和不可回收, 可是那种downcycling的回收通常都有一个限度, 比如塑料制品一般来说downcycle一两次最后还是要被丢到垃圾填埋区, 就会造成很大的污染. But with upcycling, you don't actually throw things away or break them down. You are turning them into something that can be used and can last much longer. And a third benefit is less manufacturing, less carbon emission. 关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~

《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to 【Let's Philosophize】.欢迎回来《知乎哲也》.Hi, TJ. Hey, Lulu. Good to see you again. Good to see you. TJ, I know that every time you ask me a question to start our discussion, can I ask you a question this time? Yeah, of course, go ahead. Have you been following up on one of the top trending news on Chinese social media about what happened in Tangshan? Yeah, I’ve seen the video, and I’ve read a few different opinions online, a lot of people have been talking about it. One topic that has come up is the topic of self-defense, should we do it, how should we do it, and how much should we do it? So I thought we can talk about self-defense from a philosophical point of view. Yeah, of course. It's good to look at these real life situations in philosophy because I know sometimes it's very abstract. And self-defense is a situation that we have to face on our own. The police, they can't be everywhere all the time, and I don't think we would want the police to be everywhere all the time either, that would make us uncomfortable. So it means there's always that chance that we meet these situations where we have to defend ourselves. And of course, there's the practical side of that, the martial arts and all different kinds of strategies that we can use to defend ourselves. But there's also the question of what should we do? You know, how should we treat people? Exactly. So when we talk about self-defense, it's always good to look at this from a moral point of view, in terms of what should we do if we want to be good people. And the first thing we can look at is the deservingness of the person. So should this person be harmed? We might say yes, sometimes we might say no. So if we use a simple example of hitting somebody, so I’m a reasonably healthy man, if a child hits me, most people would say that child does not deserve to be hit by me, right, that I can't just hit the child.Okay. Deservingness就是正当性. Should they be harmed? So you just give the example of a child, maybe also people who have mental illness? Right, mental illness or maybe even if they're very drunk, we changed the rules for people if they're drunk too. I’m not sure I agree with the drunk thing because that was actually one of the big issue here. Some people were mentioning in this incident that happened in China saying all these people were drunk, you know how drunk people are. But being drunk, if you are mentally all right, like if you're not mentally ill, then being drunk really shouldn't be your get out of jail free card. It shouldn't be your excuse. Exactly. I think there's different levels of drunkenness as well, just like mental health, if you feel a little bit down one day, that doesn't mean that you can do anything you want. And the same thing with drunkenness, I remember my sister punched me in the face when she was very, very drunk, but she also couldn't stand up at that point, she couldn't stand up straight, she didn't know where she was. So I think that these… in this case, I don't think we can say that these men were so drunk that they didn't know what they were doing, right? Yeah.I don't think they have that kind of excuse. They don't look mentally unhealthy to me. It seems like that they are normal adults, right, that we would expect them to behave better than what they did. 《知乎哲也》板块，由受到大家喜爱的哲学小哥TJ和主播璐璐一起探讨哲学那些事儿~ 公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】可以搜索英语全文稿哦~