英文小酒馆 LHH

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome to bedtime stories with 安澜. In this segment, I'm going to be telling you some famous stories from Britain and many other countries. So get comfortable and let me take you on a journey far away, The Sword in the Stone. Long ago in England, a wise and good king ruled the land. His name was King Uther. Times were good and the people lived well. King Uther wanted a magician in his court. And so he chose the famous Merlin, Merlin the Magician. Merlin could see into the future. And he knew those good days were not going to last. King Uther and the Queen Guinevere had a child, a baby son. At a party in the castle for the royal birth, Merlin the Magician whispered into the King’s ear. He said, “Your Majesty, there is something you must know. Soon there will be lots of disasters in the country. Your child is in great danger. Let me take the baby far away. I will be sure he stays safe.” “Merlin!” said the King in surprise. “You are a great magician. And you are my friend. But there is no way we would let you take our child away!” Sadly, soon after the child’s birth the Queen died. Not long after, King Uther was killed in battle. That very night, Merlin came into the castle and took the child. The next morning, the royal nurse went into the nursery but all she found was an empty crib! The terrified nurse, the nervous nobles and servants looked everywhere. But the baby was gone! For years, there was no king on the throne. No king to decide the laws. Men of high rank fought each other to be king. Darkness fell over the land. Robbers and murderers ruled the streets of London. Evil men broke into houses and took what they wanted. Travelers on the roads were attacked and robbed. The people of England lived in fear. Yet far away, there was a quiet place. A good knight, Sir Ector, lived peacefully with his two sons. His first son was named Kay. His younger son Arthur had been adopted as a baby. Years before, a stranger had come to Sir Ector with a baby. He asked if Sir Ector would raise the child. The old knight took the baby in his arms. He was glad for a second child, which he named Arthur. Sir Ector raised the child as his own. When Arthur was ten years old, the same stranger returned to Sir Ector’s home. He could read and write, and so Sir Ector hired him to teach his two sons. Kay could not sit still for lessons and he stopped coming. But Arthur listened with wide eyes. He learned everything. That stranger was none other than Merlin the Magician! At the end of each day when Arthur finished his chores, that was time for the lessons. Merlin would sit with Arthur for hours and teach him about the world. Arthur was a thin lad, not strong like his big brother Kay. Merlin said not to worry about that. He said what mattered most was to have a heart that was big and strong. Merlin saw how the birds, foxes and deer followed Arthur. He could see that the boy had a very big and strong heart. By the time Arthur was 16, his brother Kay had become a knight. He was now called Sir Kay. Arthur became his brother’s squire, looking after his weapons and serving Sir Kay when he needed to. He kept great care of his brother’s clothes and helmet, his spears and lances. One day at lesson time, Merlin looked away. He stood up.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ So far we have been focusing on the basics, mostly the fun on the good side. But let's talk about the mystic. Is it actually a secret society? I was doing a bit of research before this episode and I found this really good quote from one of the lead in masons and I think it's really true. We are not a secret society or a society with secrets, but we are a private society. 就是我们没有什么不可告人的秘密, 但是我们是一个private society, 我们是一个那种私人会所的感觉. Exactly.You have to be the selected for you to join.Yeah. Some of the rituals their secret is to non-masons, but masons don't really hide their membership, and the actual main hall in London Freemasons Hall is open to the public. They have their own museum. Oh, Yes, I think I have read somewhere. It’s in the center of London. 有一个Freemasons Hall就是共济会的一个博物馆, 大家感兴趣在伦敦的话可以去看一下. Yeah. And it's a really nice museum. They got a really nice library and it's all completely free. My dad actually used to work there as a guide and working in the library. He always used to say you used to get these people that walking from the street and they were like really nervous or embarrassed. They would actually ask, are we allowed to come in? Of course. I'll give you a guide tour. Because they thought this is like all behind closed doors this kind of deal. Exactly. Yeah.Because when you think of a secret society, you do think a lot about the seediness. You know the things that all the seedy secrets that they cannot share. You said there are secret rituals. And I've heard about like a secret handshake, like you mentioned before. Is it a dumb question to ask what is that secret handshake? It is a dumb question.Is it truly that secret that nobody knows? I have kind of had someone use a secret handshake on me, and to be honesty you can't really tell but I don't really know what it is myself. But this is the part I don't really understand, if masons don't hide their membership. Couldn't they have just asked are you a mason as well? Why would they have to use the secret handshake? Well, a lot of them don't so much anymore. Again, it's all about tradition, it's about ritual. And this is one thing that we love in Britain is tradition. We love rituals even when they don't really make much sense anymore. Yeah, just look at all these royal rituals.Exactly. You mentioned about conspiracy theories and some of them might absolutely love them, they’re brilliant, So the first one is Freemasons secretly control the world. Oh yeah, this is a very very famous well-known conspiracy theory. 一个很主流的阴谋论就是说，像Freemasons or I don't know like there are other similar organizations. They are the ones behind. They are the puppet masters. Exactly. And I guess I can somewhat understand where this comes from because in the past, in the 19th century, in particular, many influential people were masons such as judges, politicians. Now people join lodges based on their physical location and also because of their interest. So, if you're gonna get a bunch of politicians meeting... People start to talk. People start to talk. If you get a bunch of judges and lawyers and barristers all gathering together every week, people start to talk. I do have a question though, now again, this has to do with the whole class thing. Do you think when people hear freemasonry, they think of a certain... it is attaching to a certain class, for example, middle class or working class or…Oh, Yeah. It's kind of upper class, middle class, but nowadays freemasonry is open to everyone. There is that idea that it's only kind of the elites that are Freemasons. But nowadays that's not the case.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. So, What kind of topic are we gonna talk about today? Well, Today I thought we talk about something a bit mysterious. Woo, Is it about folklore? No. OK. I thought today we'll talk about what is commonly known as a secret society. 神秘的组织，I think I talked about this topic with Brad before about secret societies in the world and conspiracy theories. If you're talking about the UK let me guess you're gonna talk about Freemasons. That's right. We're gonna talk a little bit about freemasonry. Freemasonry, Freemasons叫共济会. It's probably one of the most well known secret society. I know it sounds really contradictory.Oh, yeah. Exactly is one of the most famous secret societies in the world. Again, because it can be potentially sensitive. We're not siding with any opinions, we’re simply being informative.Exactly.Because it is something that every British person knows no matter how they feel about it. Always something that everyone feels they knows, but actually there's a lot of misunderstanding about Freemasonry. Em. Okay. So let's start with the very basic, I think our audience probably don't know anything about this society. Well, first of all, I should start by saying I do know a bit about Freemasonry because my dad is a free mason. OK, All right. Are you allowed to tell me?Well, I have to kill you afterwards, but no, I'm absolutely fine to tell you. Em, OK.So, Freemasonry is based on the traditions of medieval stonemasons. Yeah, actually I was gonna say although Freemasons is translated into 共济会, but mason is a stone cutter, a stone craftsman就是石匠, 对吧? Stonemasons是石匠的意思. Yep, exactly. So stonemasons were the ones who built cathedrals and castles and to do this, they traveled around the country. Now being a stonemason was a very highly skilled job. Em, I would imagine so.And obviously, back then people couldn't read and write, they had no ID cards.So, to show that they were a qualified and professional stonemason, they used signs and words to show who they were. I think we definitely have similar things in China or we had similar things in China, the stonemasons, also carpenters. They have their signs, their own systems.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hello again欢迎来到Happy Hour英文小酒馆。关注公众号璐璐的英文小酒馆，加入我们的酒馆社群，邂逅更精彩更广阔的世界。Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope, Halloween Special, 欢迎回来《闲话英伦·万圣节特辑》。Hello，安澜。 Hello everyone. Hello and Happy Halloween. Basically, one of my favorite festivals, last year we were doing superstition in the UK, so what we're gonna talk about today? Well, I thought for Halloween it would be nice to do something a little bit historical and also a little bit creepy. So I thought today we can talk about witches. Oh, witches 就是女巫, ok, actually I have a quite a lot of background knowledge in this. I know, so that's why I thought it would be good if we can talk about witchcraft in Britain. Do you know that in university I actually wrote a paper on Witch Hunt. Really? Yeah, always been a fascinating topic, like 安澜 was saying, it's not just a fantasy or supernatural topic, it has a lot of history behind it. First things first, when you talk about witches in British culture in British history, were they always evil? Were they always like an evil presence? Not really, no, back in medieval times, and also early, they've always been witches and a lot of them were generally seen as good. They were seen as good? So what did they actually do? Well, they were known as cunning folk. Cunning folk. Yeah, a man could be a witch back then, they would help to cure people, help the crops to grow, woman to have children. It was a type of folk belief. It's a little bit like 巫医 that sort of ideas, like witch doctor almost. Type of thing. But obviously if you read a lot of stories in the West, in Britain which they were hunted, they were seen as really, really evil. That was from around the 15th century. 15th century. Yeah. How did they turn from the cunning folk which is harmless helpful neighborhood people to this evil presence? Basically, it was caused by two Kings, so Henry the 8th actually made witchcraft a Capital Offense. Capital Offense, 就是要杀头的罪。 Yeah. But why? Because he was worried about the influence of these witches on society, it was also about the church as well, but it was actually another king, a Scottish King who then became king of England, James the First. So King James the First was someone who was really scared of witches. Yes, that's because he believed that witches were attacking his family. That paranoid? A little bit, but he was kind of educated king, so what he did was he wrote a book about finding witches. Finding witches so that they can kill them. Pretty much, and this actually started a witch hysteria when ordinary people started to believe that witches were dangerous.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Welcome back to Geek Time advanced. Welcome, Lulu. Hi, Brad. So we're gonna continue on with talking about cyber security. Remember, last time when we were finishing up, I asked a question if there are so many people who are experts in cyber security, why are the attackers still winning in a lot of the situations? Why are they still able to make the attacks successful, so to speak. Well, one thing that makes it difficult is that they are always looking for new ways. There's always new computer systems. They make a new operating system. Windows does this every like 5 years or so. And whenever they make a new operating system, there is always going to be some flaws in it.And so basically, while the defenders are out there trying to keep the system defended, the attackers or the bad people are going out there and finding things and then using those exploits to hack into the system. The defenders are always two steps behind the attackers. Can you not preempt some of these attacks if you already know, or if you already see the potential of a loophole? You can. And sometimes people will find a loophole before anyone attacks it. Sometimes they don't even know if anyone has attacked it before they find it. So it's always really difficult. There's... whenever they make a new system, they can look for all the loopholes, but they're never going to find them all. I suppose as the defending side, you have to be all encompassing, all enveloping. You have to really take care of every little detail, but as the attacker, you only need one loophole to be in. I see, so cyber security essentially is ultra important because last time we were talking about it is linked with the integrity of critical infrastructure.Right. People's livelihood, the stock exchange is all on the internet. People transfer money from bank to bank via their computers. People pay their bills nowadays via computer. Everything is online. Can I just ask like a I don't know if it's a related question, so talking about who has access to certain internet. Who has like, I don't know if it's called privilege, security clearance, how does that work?When you work for a company, basically, the idea is to give every user as limited a privilege as possible. We often call this privilege. So basically, they say okay you need access to these rooms, you need access to this data. And We're only going to give you access to those bits of data because that's what you need.And so limits the liability for the company saying that okay you don't have access to the things you don't need. If you did access those that might be a problem. So you're breaking the law. Yeah. Basically the ideas that we want to limit the accessibility to things as much as possible.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. 欢迎回来【极客时间】. Hi, Brad. Hey, lulu, how's going? It's being great. And Brad, I would like to propose a topic today. OkLet's talk about one of your majors, which is Cyber Security, right? Ok, good topic. 网络安全. Let's start with the basic. What is Cyber Security? I mean we can translate it. But exactly what is the security about? Is it about data? Is it about I don't know, finance? What is it about? So, cyber security is the total your security of your data and your devices. But when we think about it, right, there's you can look at it as two main ideas. You're protecting your data, whether it's your personal data or the company data or protecting critical infrastructure, companies, computers, your computer, or country's electric grids, their voting machines, their financial systems. So, it's not just data ,it’s devices as well. Okay. Am I to understand it's like several tiers, so you protect personal data, you need to protect like organizational data, like a company or organization, and you also have to protect sort of infrastructure in a country, in a community, like you said, electric grids and then voting machines, financial systems to make sure the country or the community or the region runs smoothly, operate smoothly. Right.Can I ask you just out of curiosity? What does this cyber security major fall under? What is like the big faculty or the big...? So this one is between two faculties usually, most of its under IT, like information technology. But oftentimes with cyber security, it's not just on the IT side of things. It's also on the administrative side of things. So they often will combine the two. So my focus was yeah...Like public admin. Yes, kind of. I see, and would you say it is a popular major to choose based on your observation? It's fairly popular. I think a lot of people tend to go with just more of the basic IT support. I think cyber security is a little bit more daunting for some just because they look at it and they think that's got to be really difficult, but I think it's not any more difficult necessarily than the other IT majors. So let's start with basic two more advanced security measures or settings. Obviously for most dummies, like me the first layer is password, but I know that is not really safe. Yes,when you have a network,of course you need to have a password. And then when you think about passwords, you don't want to just have numbers because then this makes it very simple to decode or decrypt your password. You add in letters and then symbols and then the more you add, the more complex it becomes, the more safe it is. But aside from passwords, a lot of times, people can or systems will use what's called a white list and what's called a blacklist. What you allow and disallow. Yes, right. A white list would just be we only allow these devices, right? And so anything that's on our white list as it is, are the only things that can enter. Or they might use a blacklist where they just say these devices can't be...can’t come onto the network. A white list is a little bit safer, but it also makes it a little bit more difficult if you want to add a new device because you have to go into the system, you have to allow that device. Yeah, unfortunately, I think a lot of people nowadays do not really have the basic awareness. I'm not even talking about the know how but the awareness of cyber security and we opt for convenience rather than total security. Then of course on top of that, we have things like the antivirus software. Most people might run one or two different ones on their systems. But if you're like, really into cyber security, we use something called sand boxing. Sand boxing? Yes. So basically you have your operating system on your computer. When you log onto your computer, you use your computer. But you can actually kind of create what's called a virtual machine.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome to our new segment 【It Means What?】欢迎大家回来我们的新版块【词源考古研究所】. In this segment, we’re going to explore the interesting origin of words and phrases. So 安澜, what is the word for today? Well, today I've chosen one of my favorite words in English. Let me guess, it's alcoholic. Yes. 安澜这个酒“精”啊. It is whiskey. 就是威士忌. Actually I'm not a whiskey drinker but I always wondered, that doesn't sound English that the word whiskey. No, it actually comes from a Gaelic word. Gaelic is the language from Scotland? Gaelic is a language from northern Scotland and it's completely different to English. So you wouldn't understand Gaelic. I would not understand Gaelic. Actually you can watch Gaelic programs on BBC. What's the point if you don't understand it. Exactly, and it's just so it's very, very different from English. 这个叫苏格兰盖尔语. If you are interested, you can check it out online and see how it sounds. Yes. So it comes from this Gaelic word which means “water of life”. Water of life, isn't that Aqua vitae? Oh, that's Latin. So the Gaelic is “Uisge Beatha” , so it’s Uisge and it became whiskey. 所以是苏格兰盖尔语里面的叫做 “water of life”, 生命之水. Now the reason why they called it “water of life” is that whiskey was not actually originally a drink to be enjoyed. It was a medicine. I thought it was just because they really loved drinking. No, so whiskey started to be distilled in Scotland, so you distill whiskey. You don't make whiskey. 蒸馏, distill. It's like with wine, you fermented, 如果是葡萄酒水果酒它是发酵, 然后 whisky这种烈酒很多是蒸馏distilled.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Now brings the next question. Supposedly I were a member of a trade union and they organized a strike, but I don't want to like, I don't agree and I voted not to have a strike. Then what if the strike still goes on because I'm in the minority. You would still probably have to go on strike. I have to? Yeah, because you belong to that union, if you belong to that union, you've chosen to be with them. If the majority of your union colleagues agree and think should go on a strike, then you have to join them. 明白了, 所以就是说实际上即使你不同意, 但是你们工会里大部分的人都投票同意了, 你还是得必须参加罢工. Exactly. It's a little bit like for example, if a country goes to war, if you don't agree with it, you can't exactly just say I don't agree, so I'm not gonna do anything. So that's the analog you'll be using. Yeah, I see, I see. So it's almost like a mini government type of thing. It is. The unions are designed to act as a balance against management. I see. It’s a check and balance system. Exactly. 其实是为了制衡这些employer. We know that in theory, but in practice, do they really have that much power? You said the London transport system, they have some very powerful unions. I've actually heard about this. Yeah, because quote on quote, if they don't reach a settlement, they go on prolonged strikes. They can hold London hostage because they stop running the underground. Pretty much. 整个伦敦就瘫痪了。 Exactly. And if the government or the local councils, if they continue to basically disagree with the unions or to stop negotiating, then it looks bad on the government. But I do... in real life, imagine myself as just a resident in London, if I have to commute to work, I have to take the underground, the tube every day. Oh, you probably will be very angry. I'll be very angry, but if I feel like I probably won't necessarily feel angry about the company or at the company, I probably will think all these people going on strike, they don't really have any consideration for others and they are asking for unreasonable amount, does that happen? Yeah, a lot. So people are not necessarily just other normal, just general public. They're not necessarily siding with these unions. No. In some cases, they don't side with the unions. One of the things about the transport unions is the they do actually annoy a lot of people. I would assume so.Because lots of people believe that, for example train drivers get a lot of money and some actually do. They got very good at paying conditions and when they complain about it, other people will just go, well, what are you complaining about? If you already getting way above average salary, you're still complaining because you can hold the entire city hostage. Then that's not going to be... But a strike will only work if you have the sympathy of the public. So if the public don't agree with the strike and they get angry, then the unions have less of a case and it makes the employers stronger. Okay. So eventually this will all be in the court of public opinion. Pretty much. So a good example is with the doctors and nurses. When they went on strike, they were very clear on the news about what their demands were, what they wanted. And of course people supported doctors and nurses. Yeah, of course. So lots of people were pressuring the government into siding and agreeing with the unions. I think you mentioned a very important point. You have to be very transparent, very open about what you want, what the conditions are. Yeah, for example, I remember watching news about the NHS strike, the medical workers strike. Then some of the nurses are coming out to tell their story saying how much their take home wage is every month, 每个月到手多少钱. Yeah, and we're talking about single mother working long hours getting paid above average, and it is that money having lived in London, I know that money is not enough, exactly, to support and your kids, let alone l

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain under the microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hello, 安澜. Hi 璐璐. Hi, everyone. So 安澜, I know that you have recently obviously also been in the UK. Yes, I have. You know when I was in the UK this time, I didn't notice because just they say it over and over again in the news, strikes, many strikes. And not just in the UK, in Europe, in general these days. Oh yeah. Certainly throughout Europe and also particularly in the UK, there are lots and lots of strikes. 所以今天咱们就要聊聊罢工这个事情. I know it's a bit sensitive. Well, it is a bit sensitive, but we can be focusing on what it actually means to strike. So we'll be focusing more on the actions. Not so much as in which side we support, but is more informative. Exactly. Okay. But first of all, why are there so many strikes in the UK in recent months? I know there always have been strikes, but it seems to be more frequent. Simply it's down to inflation. And the cost of living crisis.And the cost of living crisis. 就是生活成本的飚高, 还有通胀。We talked about this before. Yes. So there's been a massive increase in inflation, post COVID, and also post Brexit. In October 2022, our inflation went up to 11.1%. Wow, post COVID, post Brexit, you have this double whammy. 英国是既受到COVID新冠的影响, 还受到Brexit脱欧的影响. Yeah. So people are having a pretty tough time right at the moment. But it's important to note that even before COVID and even before Brexit, lots of people were having a tough time. I would say ever since 2008, 2009 with the financial crisis, there's been a lack of investment in public services. When you say public services, do you mean like infrastructure like a health care? Health care, schools, transports, that's because of austerity. What does austerity here mean? Well, austerity in this sense means that the government try to cut expenditure as much as possible.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hello everyone, and welcome to bedtime stories with 安澜. In this segment, I'm going to be telling you some famous stories from Britain and many other countries. So get comfortable and let me take you on a journey far away, The story of Dick Whittington. Long ago, a poor little boy lived on the streets in torn and dirty clothes. He never saw or knew his parents or his birthplace. He called himself Dick Whittington. One fine day, he met a man driving a wagon who was on his way to London. Dick asked if he could join him on his journey. The kind man agreed but did not ask him to pay. Little Dick was very excited to see London and imagined that its streets were made of gold. However, to his utter disappointment, London was covered in dirt and there was no sign of gold. Dick was soon all by himself. He had gone days without food or money. He was cold and starving. He begged for food, work, and money but no one showed him any kindness. Out of exhaustion and hunger, he collapsed one day at the door of a kind merchant Mr. Fitzwarren. The cook at his place was a cruel woman who told Dick to leave or she would pour hot water on him. Mr Fitzwarren, who had just returned from the London Exchange, took pity on the boy and brought him in. He ordered his servants to provide him with food and drink and the cook to let him work in the kitchen as her helper. Just when little Whittington hoped for brighter days, the servants mocked him and the cook beat him. When the kind merchant’s daughter, Miss Alice, found out about it, she felt sorry for him and ordered everyone to be nice to Dick. Dick Whittington slept in a bed in a tiny attic room that was full of rats and mice. They troubled him enough to prevent him from having a good sleep. A gentleman once visited Mr Fitzwarren who rewarded Whittington with a penny in return for brushing his shoes. Whittington set out with that penny to buy something for himself. On the way, he saw a woman with a cat. He wanted to buy the cat from her but the price was too high. He explained his situation and said, “A penny is all I have.” The good woman allowed him to have the cat for a penny. He named her Miss Puss and hid her in his attic room. She soon got rid of all the rats and mice and helped him sleep peacefully. Soon afterwards, it was time for Mr Fitzwarren’s ship to set sail on a voyage. As per custom, the master ordered each servant to send something of their own for trade so they could possibly earn a fortune. Poor Whittington had nothing to offer but Miss Puss whom he unwillingly gave for the voyage.Dick Whittington’s troubles were far from over. The cruel cook continued beating him and laughing at him for sending his cat on the voyage. Fed up with the situation, the poor boy fled from the house. While deciding which direction to continue his journey away from London, he heard St. Mary-le-Bow church’s bells ringing.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome back to America Under the Microscope, advanced episode. Hi Lulu. Hi James.So we're gonna continue our talk about transportation which we were talking about in the basic episode. And we want to start off this episode by talking about money.Oh, how much it costs?Yeah, because this is always our concern, isn’t it? Now, how much do you think it costs to or how much do you think Americans spend on transportation every year?When you say transportation, does this include everything like driving?Yeah, all inclusive, all inclusive.All inclusive, I don't know, maybe six, five, six thousand, it's got to be more than that. Right?Yes. It's about $10,000 a year in transportation costs. 10,000?!Yes.OK, so, what if you, like, would it cost as much if you don't drive?No, it would be a lot less, the biggest things including this are like fuel, insurance and maintenance of your car. I see. But it also includes like if you take flight or anything like this, it's quite a lot. And, if you're in the lower income levels of the society, it's a big chunk of money.That is a lot of money, $10,000 per year just on transport.Yeah, it's like I don't even think I get close to that here, but of course I don't own a car in China, so that does really lower my transportation costs.Yeah, I don't regularly drive a car, I mean I can drive, but I don't really drive in Beijing. So, I don't really know how much it costs to maintain a car to pay all of the taxes and parking. So, you guys can educate us and leave us a comment, telling us as a car owner how much you spend on transport a year. Does it sound like a major chunk of your spending?Yeah. This comes into a major issue. Because if you're trying to move up and trying to make money and you don't have a car, or you have a major accident with your car. You just lost a big chunk of your savings of trying to get it fixed or replaced. And due to our limited public transportation options in many places. There isn't an alternative if you don't have a car.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话美国】.Hi, James. Hi, LuLu. Hi, everyone. Actually I would like to propose a topic.Cool. Now around the holiday I wanna travel back to Wuhan, I was trying to get a train tickets. When I'm now traveling from Beijing to Wuhan, I almost always get the train because it's so fast. If you consider the flight takes about 2 hours and then there's a long commute to the actual airport. But the train station is also usually located center of town and the train only takes 4 hours, sometimes even a bit under 4 hours. I know I love Chinese high speed trains, so nice. So I thought let’s talk about the transport in America. I know you guys don't really have a lot of trains or like your trains are not really great. We have trains. We have a whole two high speed trains in the whole country. You have high speed train? That's news to me. How fast are they? Well, the one in the northeast that goes between Washington DC and I think up to Boston, I think it can get up to 190. Kilometers per hour. But for very limited stretches because it has many stops. There's a brand new one in Florida between Miami and Orlando and it can go 378 kilometers in 3.5 hours. OK, that is like 120, 130 per hour. Yeah. That doesn't sound very impressive. Sorry to say that. It’s not. So really, trains that I wouldn't say that you have kept up with the world in terms of development of trains. We have not. America is well behind. If you look at many European countries like France, the UK, Germany, Italy, they all have forms of high speed rail. And then if you take Japan, it's like their high speed rails are outstanding. Chinese, high speed rail is really outstanding. Yeah, there's America. It’s sad. But why is that? Because it's such a vast country why? Money. But even building airports also cost money, right? Yes, it does, but there's a few things. So it's just really expensive to build rail because it's not just about the train station. You also have to lay down the track and all that other stuff which you don't have to do for an airport. Oh, I see. So is it fair to say that when it comes to traveling cross country, most Americans won't even think of rail travel. It's not even on the radar now. Who's taking the trains then? It depends on which part of the country you’re in. If you're in the northeast. So New York city region, there are quite a bit more trains where you can usually go from like New York to Boston, New York to Washington DC, New York to Philadelphia. In that part of the country, there are quite a few trains that you can take. But if you're from where I am, there is no train station in my hometown. The closest train station is an hour drive away and the train comes once a day. And you might as well just take the plane. Yeah, it would honestly be cheaper. But air travel, I mean I've also watched a lot of videos of people complaining about air travel and it's almost like a meme. When you watch a TV shows from America, people also complain about air travel. 其实很多美剧或者美国电影里面都有很多人去吐槽美国的飞机，就航空业各种各样的，说服务也好，什么也好，基建也好，so what do you think about the air travel? Right. So air travel is the easiest way to get across the country because a lot of people always seem to forget that America is really big. It takes 5 hours to fly across the country. It's a big place, but because it's high demand and there's high competition, a lot of the airline companies have done... done things to try to remain competitive. And consumers have voted with their feet and they decided that they want cheaper tickets than having all the bells and whistles of airlines.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ The project is funded by “Top Taste Original, High Quality Products from Europe,” an European Union campaign promoting the Consortium of Abruzzo Wines and the Piave DOP Cheese Consortium. Hi everyone, and welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. In today's episode, we have in our studio two special guests, Michele and Elliott.Michele is an old friend to the show and has appeared in a few episodes. He's currently based in Shanghai and owns a wine importing business, specializing in Italian wines. Elliot is the founder of his own wine import business as well as the owner of the popular wine bistro in Shanghai. Both are wine experts, obviously. Welcome to the show, Michele and Elliott.Hi, lulu. (Michele)Thank you. Great to be here.(Elliott)Great to talk to you again.Today we're going to be talking about Italian wines from the Abruzzo region. But first of all, can you guys give us a brief self introduction about your businesses? Let's give the opportunity to Elliot first.Hi, my name is Elliot Shay, I’ve been in the wine business off and on for about 20 years. I started my wine import company in China about 10 years ago, focusing mostly on wines from Europe, one of my specialties with Italian wines; and then a couple of years ago I started a wine bistro called Crush that aims to pair amazing wines with more American pan-Asian fusion food.Okay. It sounds fantastic, I Love sort of the fusion in food. And Michele, I know that you've introduced yourself several times on the show, but could you still briefly give us an introduction?Sure. So I'm Italian. I live in Shanghai since almost 15 years and I am in the wine business since ten almost. I'm also a sommelier from the Italian Sommelier Association (品酒师协会). I know Elliott since long time and we also sometimes work together within his bistro.Okay, all right. So after the self introduction, I would like to jump directly into the whole Abruzzo wine topic. First of all, I would like to ask you to as individuals, what is your impression, not just as an importer or restaurant owner, but as just a wine drinker, wine lover, what is your impression of Abruzzo wine? Elliot?I think that the ones from Abruzzo are quite versatile, really easy drinking, but also unique and complex at the same time, both the reds and the whites. I was actually quite surprised when I first tried them because I didn't think that they were gonna be as good as they really are.Okay, what about you? Michele?I totally agree with Elliot on this part of the versatility of the wines they have. They are very good in different kinds of occasions. And according to the style, you can use it really, have a very wide applicability in the food pairing, and also not to forget that value for money, it's extremely high for an Italian wine especially.So that was your individual opinion. What about as an importer? I know for a fact that Elliot, as your import business actually carries... actually sells some of the Abruzzo wines and you also serve them in your bistro, right? Yes, that's correct. And can I ask about like your customers, do they like Abruzzo wine?I think at first, they were kind of questioning what is this wine and then also confusing Montepulciano with the Tuscany region as well. But after explaining it to them, and having them tried multiple wines, I think they've gradually become more acceptable to try more wines from the region and have really enjoyed them.Sounds great. Michele, you're from Italy, then back in Italy, what's people's opinion about Abruzzo wine? Is it one of those, I know Italy has so many famous, world famous wine regions. How does Abruzzo feature Italian ranking? Actually, in Italy, we have this problem that we are this huge, wide range of varieties of grape, varieties and wine varieties that we have. It's also sometimes a limit. So we drink a lot of local wines.

Keywords1.Greetings can be very different in the UK and US2.British humor V.S American humor3.Is there any difference in lifestyle between UK and US? 4.How does TJ feel spending 7 years to get his PhD？Well, it's not quite... we're not enemies, right? You assume that everything is normal and that you know what's happening. But really underneath, there's some kind of problem, some kind of complication is maybe a better word that you don't expect.Yeah, can you give us some like specific examples so that we can get a feel of it?Yeah, one very good example that I've come across several times because it's such a habit of mine is greetings.So in the UK is perfectly normal, especially in the north of the UK where I'm from, to say, are you all right as a greeting, right? Are you all right?That's not just in the north. I hear people say that a lot in London or around London as well. I that used to confuse me because in my book, when you ask people, are you all right as a way of greeting, it sounds like you assume that I'm ill.Right. And so the Americans feel the same way as you. It implies there's something wrong. Like, are you okay as if they've had an accident or fallen over or something has happened or they look very ill or something, I remember just 2 or 3 days ago, I went to a social event.And I saw somebody that I had met once before and I thought I'll go and talk to him, and I walked up to him and said, “are you all right?”, and he looked at me, and he said I'm fine. What's wrong? You know, as if there was some big thing I needed to talk to him about. Then I had to explain to him. No no, I'm just saying hi, right? That's the way it goes. It's interesting because you get different advice from different Americans you know. So Americans they don't say are you all right? They say how are you? how's it going? something like this. Yeah.But then what you say to that, do you actually reply and say how you feel or do you say nothing?I think it's just fine, right? In British culture is when they ask you how are you, they expect you to say I'm fine. Like I'm okay, I'm doing well. They don't expect you to tell them exactly how you feel, even if you feel bad that day, even if you feel a bit under the weather, you don't say, in British culture you don't like announced that because that was not expected.Yeah, there's maybe let's say like ten, maybe if I'm lucky 20 people in the world, when they ask me if I'm all right or if they ask me how it's going, that I will say to them a genuine answer, I'll say it's going okay or I'll say not so good today, but I’ll live or something.But one thing that's very common in the UK is that you give some kind of comical answer or something that's a little bit unusual difference. So I remember I went into the office and saw one of the members of staff and they asked me how I was, and I said I must be fine because my heart is still beating. And they look very confused by that. I feel like in the UK you can get away with these kind of slightly maybe eccentric responses. The British eccentric it's... Just like British humor is very very dry, I think that's the thing. British humor does not translate very well into American humor. I don't think to the general public, maybe in certain crowds, but certainly not in general public.It's true that the Americans seem to really like to signpost that they're making a joke.So everybody knows, you know, from the tone of voice, from the body language that it's big and it's a joke and it's exciting. Whereas, yeah, the English kind of like to slide the jokes in to normal conversation and say something counter intuitive. And it's like a landmine.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~The project is funded by “Top Taste Original, High Quality Products from Europe,” an European Union campaign promoting the Consortium of Abruzzo Wines and the Piave DOP Cheese Consortium. Hi everyone and welcome back to a special episode of Global Village. 欢迎回来【小酒馆大世界】的特别节目. Let's continue to talk about Abruzzo wines. After our talk with Davide who represents the Abruzzo wine region. I'm sure you all got to know a bit more about this beautiful wine region of Abruzzo and the unique wines and cheese it produces. Now let's connect with one of our old friends, Roger. And Roger is not only a wine expert who regularly holds like master classes on wine appreciation, but also the owner of a few very popular restaurants in Xiamen, was one on Gulangyu Island, right Roger?Yeah sure. I love my restaurant, anyway, this is by the seaside. Sounds beautiful! Love the seafood by the seaside. I mean, so today we invite you to the studio. So hopefully we can get some insights from you as a wine expert and also obviously someone in the food and beverage business. What is your impression of Abruzzo wine? So first of all, what is your personal impression and perhaps also professional impression of Abruzzo wine? OK! Shall we start with the professional side? Sure, of course. Which feel more, a lot more complicated. But overall, I think Abruzzo is not a very complicated wine, of course, but when it comes to the aging, and Abruzzo shows a very good potential of aging, shows complexity, shows the tertiary, a typical character of tertiary flavors, for example, like leather, chocolate, and which is (what) I like most. And apart from that, Abruzzo always comes from very ripe grapes. And that gives the Abruzzo wine a very beautiful, you know, there's a plum, ripe cherry, the sort of red fruit or dark fruit flavors; and plus with there's some aging in the oak. So, give it a hint of vanilla plus the chocolate I talked about and toffee, you know, the sort of sweet tasting. But it's not sweet, it's like just give you the sweetness. Sweetness, without the sugar. No, no sugar. So, I'm just talking about the ripening of the fruit. And it's no sweet but still really, really mature and ripe wine that you can have. From the other side, we also have easygoing Abruzzo wines. So, it's like daily consuming wines. So, it's more like a red and dark fruit together with red berry, strawberry and mixed with plum, mulberries. They sort all the different red and black fruits all mixed together. Lots of berries. It does, lots of berries over there. And it shows... there're sort of the really fruitiness and all over again and again, give you a really nice feeling of… in the flower garden, you know this sort of things. The floral and the fruity feeling. It all... from what you're describing, it sounds like quite an approachable wine. When I say approachable, I mean, some of the wines, although very famous, very like big wines from Italy, but they are actually harder for beginner wine lovers because they find it way too heavy. You know, like the Barolo, not everyone, especially like the beginners, they don't have that palate to appreciate that. So, it sounds like with the fruitiness, with the floral tasting notes, Abruzzo wine sounds perfect for people who want to know a little bit more about Italian wines. Exactly Lulu, I totally agree with you. For the big wine, for example, like what you say about Barolo and Barbaresco. They are big wine. They are really big. However, it's very harsh, you need a really good time for you to do the canteen and then to solve out all the tannin. Actually, for some beginners, you feel a lot of tart, you know, this sort of black tea, this sort of feeling that makes you like try to run away from it. Like quite a lot of people who first contact of the champagne, they can't even deal with those yeast. I know. A very strong yeast taste over there. It's the same story.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ So far we've talked about your studies, we talked about your interest in your field, but let's move on to something that is more about life in America, or life in academic setting in America. So first things first, let's talk about academic setting, because this is more specific. So far you have got degrees in British university, Chinese university and now doing a degree in American university. How would you compare these three very different university environment?Yeah, It's one of those things. Ah, it's a little bit difficult to compare the environments. But I definitely think, one of the things that comes to mind immediately is they definitely look after you more in China.So in America, they just kind of say here's some money, find somewhere to live, find something to eat and just take care of yourself. Of course, the Americans they think of this is freedom, right? I'm free to live wherever I want and eat and do whatever I want. But I do have to admit that I do like the Chinese system which kind of looks after you, right? Here's your room, the electricity is on this card and the canteen is down the road and it's tasty and it's cheap. Yeah, everything is sorted.Yeah, I guess it's very beginner friendly, newcomer friendly. Because you don't have to spend all the time feeling disoriented. Exactly! Right. And they'll usually have some kind of orientation does quite comprehensive and give you a nice map, and of course the professors and other students in America have been very kind to me and very helpful.But it's a lot more informal. There is some kind of online induction and training, but it's nowhere near as detailed and comprehensive as the things I experienced in China.What about British university then? Do they do anything like that for newcomers? Yeah, somewhere in the middle, I think, cause you do have the canteens and they are a little bit more expensive and exclusive than the Chinese ones. And it's different when you're undergraduate as well, actually. I think the undergraduates here get a little bit more guidance, just like I did in the UK. But I do think the UK, they kind of give you the training wheels a little bit. But they don't do too much to help you either. Yes, it’s closer to America than China, I think. I see. But what about just this whole work ethics? I don't know if it's the right word to describe it, like in terms of hardworking, how hard, which would you… I know every country, every university has the really, really hardworking people. It has also slackers. But comparatively speaking, which country has the hardest working students?I think it's interesting cause it's a continuum right? So I think in America they give you the most work, so you in terms of like the readings for the courses and things, they give you way more reading than it's humanly possible to do. And I think the idea is you have to kind of choose the important parts, find the important parts. So it's a kind of literature review every time. When I was at Fudan, they don't give you as much. Like maybe we just read like two passages of the Laozi, but you've got to know every single character, of course you've got to be able to read them, but the history of that character. And you've got to know what Huangdi said about that character. And you've got to know what He Shan Gong said about that character. And you've got know, like, there's so much more detailed. I see. This is sort of very two different styles, different focus.

The project is funded by “Top Taste Original, High Quality Products from Europe,” an European Union campaign promoting the Consortium of Abruzzo Wines and the Piave DOP Cheese Consortium. 可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. Welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. 欢迎大家回来你们最喜欢的板块【小酒馆·大世界】.Today we're going to present to you a special episode sponsored by the Abruzzo consortium from Italy. We have a special guest speaker in the studio, Mr. Davide Acerra, who is the marketing manager of the Abruzzo consortium. Welcome to the show Davide.Thank you, Lulu.First of all, could you give us a general introduction about yourself, especially your role at the Abruzzo consortium?For sure, I'm the marketing manager of the consortium that is the major organization in our region that represents more or less 80% of the producers from Abruzzo wines, and my role is... I work for the marketing about the marketing of the promotional activities of the Abruzzo DOC, in particular, and normally I organize the activities in the world, in particular out of Italy.The overseas market.Yeah. I talk about the wines, I talk with the agency, with the importer, all that you need to organize some promotional activities.I see. First of all, I think our audience probably, well I mean including me, we don't really know that much about the region. I've been to Italy many times, but mostly you know to Rome, Milan. So where is Abruzzo, and could you give us a general feel, I know that you actually live in Abruzzo, is that correct?This is a good question because normally the foreign people when they come to Italy normally used to go to Rome, Milan, Venezia, but Abruzzo is my region, we are in the center south of Italy, the east side of the country.Abruzzo is a very small area, you think that we are more or less 1 million habitants living here, so it's very small for the numbers of China, but it's very rich in biodiversity. It's a treasure of biodiversity.In fact, we are known as the green region of Europe because more than 30% of the territory is protected by leisure parks.Yeah, I mean before our talk actually I did a little bit of research online.Yeah.And like lonely planet is describing Abruzzo as like a hidden gem because its national parks, all the nature.We have free national parks. The first national park of Italy was in Abruzzo, we have one original park and about 77 natural protected areas, so you think it's very, very green, it’s a small region, but we have everything.In the east side, we have the sea. In the west side, we have the habitats, but we have many rivers, lakes, ancient villages, standing serene time. It's original to be discovered.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. 欢迎回来你们最喜欢的板块【小酒馆·大世界】. Today in our studio, we have an old friend. I'm just curious because even as early as your bachelor years, you were doing philosophy already, but what sparked that initial interest like when you chose major for your bachelors study, for your undergraduate study, what made you choose philosophy?I think philosophy is a little bit self-selecting. You have to be a certain kind of person to choose it. When you say self-selecting, is it one of those things like it's not so much as you select that philosophy selected you. Yes, all that it's may be part of my character to study philosophy I guess. I think some people can't help but continue to have those questions that children have. So children will always ask just yesterday, I was waiting to go into somewhere that wasn't open yet and there was a child and they were asking their parents, why isn't it open? And they're like because it's not time yet. And the child saying why isn't it time yet? Then they'd say everything has to happen at a certain time, and he's like, why, why can't everything happen all at once? Like why do they have to happen in order? And then the parent, the mother just said, do you want to look at some pictures on the phone? And The child said, yeah let's look at some videos or pictures on the phone. But unfortunately, I'm one of those children that says no, I want that answer to the question like why, why do things happen? And you carry on asking the annoying questions, they're more interesting than the pictures on the phone. Oh. I see. Yeah, one of those highly inquisitive souls basically.Right. Right or highly annoying, I think, is the other way of describing. I bet your parents say that about you, but you know it's like the major that we study or the field that we're in, the type of jobs that we do, they all make an impact or imprint on us, right? So studying philosophy and even this almost like getting into religious study territory, how has this changed you or do you think it has changed you or your perspectives, your personality at all over the years? Yeah of course. It’s kind of has to, and I think there are definitely a lot of philosophy books, whether it's the Laozi or whether it's JS Mill on liberty or Nāgārjuna...those books after you read them, yeah, you're a completely different person.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. 欢迎回来你们最喜欢的板块【小酒馆·大世界】. Actually today in our studio welcome back an old friend, some of you probably remember we had this philosophy segment called Let's Philosophize? 可能还有一些小伙伴记得原来你们很喜欢的一个板块叫做【知乎哲也】，是讲哲学问题的, 当时就有很多人喜欢这个板块的嘉宾主播TJ, so TJ, welcome back. Hi, Lulu. I'm very glad to be back with you after a long hiatus. I mean you have been really busy, right? I thought the reason why I invited TJ to this segment rather than Let's Philosophize is because he has some interesting life updates to share. Like before in this segment earlier this year, if some of you still remember, we talked to Brad about his move to Japan. And TJ, you were in China in Beijing before COVID and during the COVID years you were back in the UK, and now you're in America. Right, O’er land of the free and the home of the brave as they call it. I'm just trying to get used to the culture shock of being in another place. I call it my third childhood. I had my first childhood in England, my second childhood in China. Now I'm learning everything again, right? Completely different environment. I'm sure this is going to be a very interesting talk. But first things first, let's start with where exactly are you? I mean the United States is a big place. Where are you? The area that I'm in is called the Midwest. The Midwest is the area that's seen as almost like the suburbs of America. It's lots of corn. People are supposed to be very friendly and they've been very nice to me so far. And it's somewhere that seemed to have a community and family values. Which state are you in?So the state that I'm in is called Indiana. Indiana, okay. Are you in like a big city at least or are you like really in suburbs or even countryside of America? So it's one of the strange things really that I'm in a town called Bloomington, which has under 100,000 people. So it is quite small. It's like a village in China.Right. You can bike around very easily. And the interesting thing about Bloomington to me is that its almost half of the entire population is to do with the university, right, its teachers, students or staff. This is my next question and I'm sure a lot of you want to ask this question. Why are you in America? It's a good question, right? Especially as I focus on early Chinese philosophy. So it's a strange place. It's essentially it's because my supervisor in China told me to come here. We have some of the best researchers that focus on early Taoist thought and early Confucian thought in all of the western world. Let me get this straight. You now move from China or from the UK to America to study Chinese philosophy? Yes. That is true. I know it seems very strange. But the degree you're doing right now is your PhD right, your doctorate? Right. I'm doing a PhD.For those of you who don't really know TJ’s really interesting educational background, Let me fill you in. TJ has got two master’s degrees, right? One from the UK one, from China, from Fudan university. Yes, that's right. Can you tell us a little bit about that like what degree did you like, what major did you do it in what field?My undergraduate degree I did in Leeds in England that’s philosophy. Then I went to Beijing Normal university and did some language courses at Beijing Normal University. After that, I did my teacher training. It was in Manchester but it's the Cambridge certification, right? That's not as impressive as it sounds for the listeners that are easily “fooled”. And then a master at Birmingham and then as another master of Fudan, now a PhD in America. So you're just one of those like perpetual students. Right, right. I think I do grow up slowly. It takes a long time for me to grow up.

1.Has people’s spending habits or their preferences changed after Covid?2.How is prosecco rose different from prosecco?3.How to pair prosecco with food?4.Special mixology tips for prosecco rosé.5. What kind of new prosecco events are on the horizon? Hi, everyone and welcome to the show. This episode is made in collaboration with the Prosecco DOC Consortium. After our talk with Tanja, I'm sure you all got to know a bit more about prosecco and the beautiful region it comes from. Now let's connect with another one of our guests, Roger, who is not only representing Casa prosecco in China, but also the owner of a trendy restaurant on Gulangyu island, Xiamen. Hi, Roger. Hi Lulu. Welcome back to the show.Haha, it’s been a pleasure.So since we talked last time, what has been happening with Casa Prosecco, your restaurant and the general restaurant, food and beverage industry.Well, we have really bad impact from the pandemic. It's been a really tough time for the restaurant owners during the period, but lucky to see we are slowly going through it. Now we see some really, really good conditions gonna come in, shows up and then to have a better economic situation right now. For our restaurant, it was really quiet, people are afraid to go out, have dinner or something. Now we get back to normal, so I'm happy to see that this is or a good sign for the future. I'm quite happy with that.Yeah, I mean good to know that. But would you say... you said it's back to normal, but I just want to know how has this, obviously Covid has a lot of impact on people in all aspects, so have your customers changed somehow like their spending habits or their preferences? For example, have they been spending more after everything opened up? Have they been celebrating more or are they more cautious about spending money? What would you say?This is a great question because it's some sort of controversy in between because after such a long period of lockdown and people were not able to go out freely to have a good time together with a friend or any events.Now they are free to go, so they sort of really happy with that. When they come to our restaurant, I also found out it's a better condition compared to before, however, the purchasing power looks like it goes down. I mean the whole economic situation, it's not really going back to normal, but I'm looking forward to see that, but nowadays if people wanted to buy some champagne, you know the customer used to have champagnes, now they don't really have the money, they would say, okay, show me something really happy stuff and not too expensive. You know what I mean, so now comes to the realistic that people would like to have some fun, they love to and eager to have some fun, but don't cost me too much.Well, prosecco now becomes a more affordable and approachable option I guess.That is exactly what I'm going to say that, now the happy style and they cost less and you can spend less for a longer period of happiness if you know what I mean.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Keywords1.Types of cults that existed thousands of years ago2.Cults VS. Marketing scheme3.Why start a cult?Welcome back to Geek Time advanced. I'm Brad. Hi, Brad. How's it going Lulu? Yeah. I'm good. I'm ready to talk more about cult.All right. So we're gonna talk a little bit about some of the early cults before like thousands of years ago those types of cults. Oftentimes, cults were considered to be part of like minor religions .So just like pagan beliefs.Definitely, like smaller groups of people having different ideas when the movies we often see them as cannibalistic or something like that really sinister kind of like the Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and ripping hearts out of your body, stealing your soul kind of thing.Honestly, I think in terms of Indiana Jones, if you don't mind me saying it, it is a little bit of racial prejudice and it's like mystifying or even vilifying cultures that you don't know perhaps.Yeah, they have those...now one of the actual cults that was kind of like it was almost a runner up to early Christianity was called mithraism.Mithraism.Mithraism yeah. Now that was in the Roman empire. You could see they had these underground places where they would worship and mithraism was kind of like... it was an astrological type of cult, they worshipped space and that type of... it wasn't a particular god or anything like that they worshipped, it was the closest thing to a god you could see was like the Taurus, the bullAlmost sounds like the earlier definition of cult is basically just outside of the mainstream. It doesn't have that destructive element.Yeah. Some of them did, some of them had like they might have had sacrifices, although some people think that those sacrifices may not have actually been people they killed, they may have been people that have just died. And so it's kind of hard to see where it actually happened. It could just be that the bigger religions were trying to vilify them as mentioned earlier, but that's something that was actually this mithraism was actually quite common. They found over 400 sites around Rome where they did worship.

Cult可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek time. 欢迎回到Geek时间。Welcome back to the studio, Brad.Thank you.Today we are going to talk about something equally niche. We’re gonna talk about cult.Indeed.就是邪教了。You know cult I guess in any culture in any country is kind of a taboo topic, isn't it?It can be. Especially like if you know someone who was part of cult because that's when you see someone going through the process of getting into a cult, it kind of like can destroy a whole family.It's something very serious and it can potentially be very, very dark. First of all, let's talk about the definition of cult. What is a cult?Usually a cult is a group of people that follow a leader or some sort of ideology. It might be some sort of idol as in like a thing. 一个领袖或者一种理念。 And they are usually just families joining, or individuals join...Sometimes it's families, but often time it's like a group of people will follow an enigmatic person.I think cults based on my very limited understanding of cults, the reason why there are cults is because they hurt people. They are destructive. Oftentimes they are, and it's something you see after the cult becomes much much bigger, you don't see it in the early stages because if you were to do something like that, people are obviously going to quit. But once you have a cult established and you have these followers, then in order to keep people from going somewhere else, you might hurt them in order to get them to not leave.So a lot of it is to attract them first, and then once they build up some sort of loyalty or fear to the leader and then it's destructive. Right. It's some sort of dependence on them oftentimes like a cult will get someone to sell off all their possessions or like hand over the money, or if you have a house, you sign over your house to the cult leader, so then you have nowhere to go, you have that home and you can live there so long as the cult allows it. It seems like a lot of the cults across the globe seem to believe that the world is going to end and then just believing in that cult is the only way to save yourself.Right. It's either the cult is you're going to save yourself by being in this cult or that they as a cult are going to be the thing that saves the world. 这种所谓的末日邪教doomsday cults. But we talked about secret societies before. What are the differences? It sounds somewhat similar - it’s secretive with a small group of people.Well, like a secret society can be kind of a subset of cult in some ways they have the, usually it’s an ideology rather than like an individual person. Like in a secret society, you may not know who the cult leader is. It may change from area to area and it might be like a group of cults over a large area.So they don't worship any particular leaders. Secret societies are more connected by an idea. Yeah, an idea or some sort of idol. And in most cases, there can be like secret societies that are akin to a cult in the fact that they have a leader who's controlling everything, but secret societies tend not to have such a limited nature. I mean when you're back in the states, like growing up, did you have any run ins or have ever heard about cults in like your social circle?In fact, I did. I've known several people who have been in different types of cults, it's actually when I was just after high school, one of my friends who I worked with actually, he got fired, he lost his job, his wife divorced him. And then he kind of joined this cult, inside of the cult the leader said that he could read other peoples’ previous life so it was like this reincarnation cult.这种重生转世。 And why would people believe him?

Keywords1.Brief idea of what is Prosecco?2.What is DOC short for?3.What are the aims of the Prosecco DOC Consortium and especially what new development has been made with regard to Casa Prosecco, the overseas branches of the consortium.4.After the pandemic, has the sales of Prosecco worldwide experience a significant increase? What is the forecast for Prosecco sale in the near future?5.Are cocktails like spritz popular in Italy?6.If people travel to the Prosecco region, what can they see and do.Hi, everyone and welcome to the show. This episode is made in collaboration with the Prosecco DOC Consortium. Today we are very lucky to have a special guest in the studio Ms. Tanja Barattin, representing the Prosecco DOC Consortium in Italy. First of all, welcome to the show, Tanja . Hello, everyone. Thank you for having me today.Actually, I should say welcome back, because last year, if you remember, Tanja was on the show talking about Prosecco already.Yes, exactly. It's a pleasure to be back with you today.And it's my pleasure. I mean, still probably some of our listeners haven't listened to that particular episode. So could you give us a brief self-introduction about your role in the Prosecco DOC Consortium? What exactly do you do?Yeah, sure. I'm Tanja Barattin, I’m the promotional department manager at the Prosecco DOC Consortium. So my role is in marketing and promotional activities in the China and foreign markets, and I coordinate events and recreation for Prosecco DOC.I see, so definitely representing Prosecco. Then can you give us a very brief idea of what is Prosecco to people who have probably not heard of it or just heard of it briefly? What is Prosecco?Prosecco is one of the most worldwide consumed Italian sparkling wine. It is produced with Glera grapes and it's named after the former village of Prosecco. So we can see the Prosecco is expression of a specific territory which is located in all these of Italy lying between the Dolomites to the Adriatic Sea, a unique area that we call as a dreamland. Thanks to the particular interaction between climate, soil and wine making tradition.So Prosecco is a location name.Yeah, it's a location. It represents a territory with specific rules collected also into production specification and also the supply chain. So from the vineyards and wine sell out into the labeling and commercialization.I see, so to sort of like make an analog so that audience can understand, is it a bit like when people think of champagne, this is the wine from champagne area. When you people think of Prosecco, this is a specific dual tag. It is the same, actually DOC, so the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (controlled designation of origin) prosecco was born in 2009 from the wine makers, and sparkling houses of nine provinces between the regions of Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia, and these in order to link in this solemnly the wine to its territory of origin.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~So the sense of community is definitely a pro living in small town. What about some of the cons? Did you feel like I just can't get used to this, especially initially. So there are a few things I mean the lack of food options was a big thing, like I really miss Chinese food; entertainment, I mentioned karaoke before, there was karaoke, but you'd have to go to someone's house to do it. Karaoke in the sense of like karaoke rooms. This does not exist. If I wanted to go to the... there was a supermarket but it was fairly small. So the shopping options were fairly limited; and public transport, there was no public transport if you didn't have a car, you had to walk, because New Zealanders traditionally live in houses with big gardens, not apartments. Walking into town could actually be quite a distance. I see, what about the quietness? Because one thing that I couldn't take when I just spent a few days in English countryside, it was too quiet. It was driving me crazy. How did you handle it?That didn't bother me to be honest. I remember like when I first moved from New Zealand to Beijing, I... this was the year of 2000 and I was staying in Daxing district, and I would just get woken up every morning by thousands of bicycles and bike bells. I struggled with that. I did not struggle coming back to New Zealand with the quietness.I think it's also because you grew up in a smallish town. Right? I grew up a in a city of about 65~ 70,000 people. So a small area, a low populated area.When you move back after all these years living in Beijing to this 4,000 people town, did you notice that your lifestyle has changed or your perspective about things have changed?Absolutely, hugely.So when I lived in Beijing, I had this... it was almost like a feeling of being invincible in some ways, you could go out. It felt like anything was possible in China, that might have just been the time that I was living there around the Olympics, prior to the Olympics, and around the time of the Olympics.It was very high profile...It was just fanatic and it was always stuff going on. There was always opportunities and people were just so optimistic and positive. I was caught up in that. I loved it.Coming back to New Zealand. Everyone was very sedate, very quiet, probably quite pessimistic compared to the optimism that we've been feeling in China.Am I to understand it's kind of like people in Beijing especially back then, no matter if you're Chinese or not Chinese, you felt like there's so many opportunities, so anything can happen, I can make something out of myself. I don't really know how big a success that I can land in the future.But going back, it's more like how your life's gonna be.I'd say so, I've obviously got older as well. So I've been back in New Zealand, living in New Zealand for the past 10, 12years. I've aged as well. So I'm quite happy going to bed at 9 o'clock.Actually, this is my next question. What is the life like in small town, New Zealand, if you have to walk us through a typical day, not just you, I know you have your business, you have actually a lot of things to do, but for an average New Zealanders living in a small town. What is their average day like?Yeah, most people that live in small towns, I just like everyone else. They would either go to school or have a job. In small town, New Zealand, unemployment is probably a bit higher than in the cities. So there will be.. I mean unemployment is still fairly low, but unemployment does exist. New Zealand has a pretty good social welfare system.So if you are unemployed, you get paid weekly. The chances are if you're living in a small town, everything is gonna be much cheaper.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone. And welcome back to your favorite segment Global Village. 欢迎回来【小酒馆·大世界】Actually since we're talking to Simon in this segment again, I thought we’d just call this a new segment, just call it New Zealand Under The Microscope. 干脆我们把跟Simon的这一段改叫【闲话新西兰】得了, hi Simon.你好, hello, kia ora.So Simon, we've talked about quite a few topics related to New Zealand, life in New Zealand, today I thought I'm gonna propose another topic that is related to lifestyle in New Zealand, which is how does it feel living in small town New Zealand, or how is it different from your experience of living in places like Beijing or Seoul Or Auckland? Sure. What do you think? Yeah, that sounds good. All right. First of all, for people who don't really know New Zealand, at least you know it's... New Zealand is next to Australia, is in southern hemisphere and is far away from most of the other countries in the world. So exactly how far is New Zealand to other parts of the world, say in flight times from where you live? So New Zealand is very far from everywhere pretty much, we've got Antarctica below us, but there's not many people, in fact, almost no people there, lots of penguins. We've got Australia to our west, it's about 4 hours flight from Auckland to Sydney. So 4 hours by plane, if I wanted to go to, for example, HongKong or Guangzhou, you're looking at around 12, 13 hours, 14 hours to Seoul, 14.5 to Beijing. If I want to go all the way to the UK, so to London Heathrow, it's going to take 24 hours, it's gonna take a full day to fly there. I've been to New Zealand, but I never really fully like realized how far it is. I would imagine going from... I know going from Beijing to New Zealand is far, but I would imagine going from HongKong to New Zealand is not as long as that, but that's really long. We sort of have a bit of an island mentality when things in the world are going badly.

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Gluten Free. In the past few years, if I went to restaurants overseas, especially say in Europe or some trendy western restaurants in China, I've started to see this word a lot on the menu. 也就是近几年, 不管我是在国外的餐厅, 还是说国内的一些西餐厅网红店, 经常会在菜单上看到这个词, Gluten Free. So what exactly is Gluten Free? 今天的新词特饮我们就来说说这个叫做Gluten Free的饮食风潮. First thing first, what is Gluten Free? Gluten直译是麸质, 麦麸的麸, 这个字还挺复杂的. A gluten free diet is an eating plan that excludes foods containing gluten. 所谓的Gluten Free就是无麸质饮食, 可能听到这里还是很多小伙伴一头雾水, 到底这个麸质是在什么食物里有呢？Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and triticale.麸质其实就是一种蛋白质, 它常见于wheat 小麦, barley大麦, rye 裸麦和triticale这个词我也是第一次听到叫黑小麦, 听到这里可能很多喜欢吃面食的小伙伴都沉默了. A Gluten Free Diet means you can't eat any of that? Then why would people go on this diet? 既然这些最常见的麦都不能吃, 为什么会有人愿意吃这种Gluten Free Diet无麸质饮食? Originally, a gluten free diet is essential for managing signs and symptoms of celiac disease and other medical conditions associated with gluten. 它最早其实不是一个饮食风潮, 而是对于一些疾病的应对措施. The top one is celiac disease, 这个在中文叫乳糜泻.Celiac disease is a condition in which gluten triggers immune system activity that damages the lining of the small intestine. It is an autoimmune disorder. 简单来说乳糜腺Celiac Disease就是是指摄入含麸质的食物之后, 会产生一种自体免疫性肠道疾病, 所以有这种病的人需要无麸质饮食, 就跟糖尿病人需要低糖饮食一样. The other type of health condition that requires people to go on a gluten free diet is Wheat Allergy. 另外一种需要无麸质饮食的健康状况叫做Wheat Allergy 小麦过敏.Like other food allergies, this is the result of the immune system mistaking gluten as a disease causing agent. This will trigger immune system response that may result in congestion, breathing difficulties and other symptoms. 这种小麦过敏就和其他的食物过敏症差不多, 你都会有一些不良的身体反应, 比如说呼吸困难等等.But then because some celebrities are endorsing this diet, the gluten free diet started to become popular among people who don't have these medical conditions. That's because a lot of people are claiming a gluten free diet has other benefits, for example, improved health, weight loss, and increased energy. 但是在国外一些明星大V开始推动了 Gluten Free无麸质饮食的风潮, 说它除了治病还有很多的好处, 比如说improved health会改善你的整体健康状况, weight loss可以减肥, increase energy也可以让你整个人更精神更有能量, 所以 Gluten Free Diet就开始在普通人中间流行起来.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~o Money doesn’t mean that you are posh.▪ Posh people generally dress in tweed, wellington boots and shabby clothes – nothing to prove!o Only a quarter of the people actually want to be posh.▪ Many people in the UK see posh people as spoilt, snobbish and entitled. Seen as old-fashioned and pretentious.▪ British people don’t like people who try to pretend to be posh by showing off their wealth and being fake.• Posh wordso Loo (instead of toilet)o Suppero Marvellouso Terriblyo GoshActually I do wanna say something. You mentioned like posh accents before and everybody's saying in Britain, people can tell which class you are from just by accents. I see that in this you didn't really mention accents. So is accent really a sign of whether you're posh or not. To a certain extent, yeah. Accents really do show where you come from. So in the UK sometimes people say that I've got a bit of a posh accent. I don't have a typical accent from where I grew up, but that's mostly because I’ve lived in China for years and years and years and also been a teacher. I don't think you've got a posh accent, people who say 安澜 has got a posh accent, you really haven't heard a real posh accent. No, that is very exaggerated. However we did explain before, right? Even the real posh people, the old money people nowadays, sometimes they try to tone down their posh accents. Mockney. They actually try to talk common people accent. Yeah, because nowadays only 1/4 of the people who were actually interviewed in this survey actually want to be posh. To be honest, it's not that difficult to understand that because we're not just talking about money, right, later on we're gonna talk about money doesn't mean that you're posh. It's not really about money and enjoyment, is mostly about rules. A lot of this they are privileges, but also attached to many rules you can’t just be running around like other kids and doing all this random things, you probably have a lot of family rules to follow.More partly yeah. I would say it is changing a lot. And to be honest, I would say that being posh is now more of a sign of identity. It's not I would say as it was maybe 50 years ago, certainly not a hundred years ago when being posh meant that yes you had to go... you went to the best schools therefore you got the best jobs you would probably in government. Actually, they probably didn't even have jobs think about Downton Abbey. Yeah, exactly. The idea of job and weekends is very middle class. Yeah, they just had lands to inherit, castles, and so manor houses, exactly, to inherit and family coat of arms, heirlooms. I've met posh people in my life and…

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~keywordsBritain under the Microscope – Posh • What does posh mean?o Positive – expensive and high quality▪ Posh restaurant/car/clotheso Negative – describing someone as posh.▪ He is really posh.▪ Posh accent• How do you know if someone is posh?o There was a survey in 2021 and these are the top 10 signs.▪ You went to boarding school.▪ You have antiques and family heirlooms.▪ You have a wine cellar.▪ You have paintings of your ancestors.▪ You never discuss money.▪ You call your parents “mummy” and “daddy” when you are an adult.▪ You have a family coat of arms.▪ You ride horses.▪ Your dinner parties are catered.Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hello, 安澜. Hi Lulu. Hi, everyone. So let me propose a topic. Okay. This is a question that has been bugging me for ages. There's one word in British culture that I find very difficult to translate correctly or accurately into Chinese. This is the word posh, p-o-s-h. I know some of you listening to this show, you probably think Lulu you're a translator, easy, just look it up online and dictionary. But it's not so much I don't know the word because that has so much cultural connotation. Yes, the idea of posh really changes its meaning constantly. So first things first, if you look it up in English-Chinese dictionary, ‘posh’ probably can be translated into上流社会的,优雅的, things like that. But it has so many more meanings. The first question I'm gonna ask you is posh a good word or a bad word. It depends. I knew it. So for example, you use the Chinese word 优雅 which is more elegant in English. Now we could describe a place as posh, so a posh restaurant, a posh car, posh clothes. That just means it's expensive, it's high quality, fancy, it's fancy, it's luxurious, maybe. But it's when you describe somebody as posh that becomes a bit negative. If I say 安澜 is really posh. I would not take that as a compliment. So if you say someone is really posh, they have posh accent, what you’re doing is you're being a little bit negative. You're saying they're pretentious. Pretty much.就是有点装. 对吧？装着高大上的感觉. Pretentious and also snobbish as well. Snobbish means... meaning you look down on other people, you think you're better. But keep in mind. Posh is very subtle. If you use it to describe things, locations, it's good, it means luxurious, expensive; but use it to describe people usually quite negative, it focuses more on snobbery and pretentious. Yes, that's right. But that still hasn't answered the question. What is posh? Seriously, what is... well I know you're not. I'm not, very much, common as Muck. What is posh? Is it just higher class?Mostly, yes. Now to be posh is not just about money. Is you have a certain family background, you have a certain identity around kind of where you live, what you do and also the people that you hang out with. It still sounds really vague. I mean if only there’s some sort of criteria. Funny you should say that, there was actually a survey in 2021 on how do you know if someone is posh？Okay, let's hear that. So these are the top 10 signs that someone is posh. 大家听听这个英国人自己评选出来的10条, 这10条如果你都中了或者中了绝大多数, 你就是英国人眼里的posh. So let's hear it. So number one, you went to boarding school. Isn't boarding school just when you actually live in school on campus就是寄宿学校. In China boarding school is just... boarding is just a function. Yeah, no, in the UK, boarding school or private school is incredibly posh because they're very expensive.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~In Chinese culture, the seventh month of the Lunar Calendar holds special significance. It is known as “Ghost Month” 鬼月and hosts the so-called “Ghost Festival” (鬼节) on the 15th of the ghost month. Several Asian countries celebrate the annual Ghost Festival, which is also referred to as either “Zhongyuan Festival” or Yulanpen Festival盂兰盆节. The festival finds it origins in Buddhism, Taoism and Chinese folk beliefs.中元节，民间俗称七月半，七月十五，祭祖节，佛教则称其为盂兰盆节。在统治者推崇道教的唐代，道教的中元节开始兴盛，逐渐将“中元”固定为节名，并相沿迄今。Ghost Month 鬼月Ghost Festival 鬼节Buddhism 佛教Yulanpen Festival 盂兰盆节Taoism 道教Zhongyuan festival 中元节Folk belief 民间信仰Ever since ancient times, Chinese people had the ritual of paying tribute to their ancestors in the middle of the seventh month on the night of the full moon.Taoist doctrine holds that the three basic elements that generate everything in the universe are heaven, earth and water, namely sanyuan or “three elements". The official of heaven brings blessings during Shangyuan (Lantern Festival). The official of earth absolves sins during Zhongyuan Festival, while the official of water dispels disasters during Xiayuan Festival. 自古以来，每年农历七月半满月的晚上，人们有祭拜先祖的习俗。道教将宇宙中万物归为三类：天，地，水，又叫做三元，并以三元配三官，说天官赐福，地官赦罪，水官解厄。上元天官正月十五日生，对应的是上元节（元宵节）；中元地官七月十五日生，对应的是中元节（鬼节）；下元水官十月十五日生，对应的是下元节（比较不受重视，没有小名）。 Pay tribute to one’s ancestors 祭祖Bring blessing 赐福 Absolve sins 赦罪Dispel disaster 解厄

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Welcome back to Geek Time advance, this is Brad. Hello, lulu. Hi Brad. So we're gonna continue on talking a little bit more about web3.0, it's a kind of a difficult subject, but we'll try to make it as easy as possible. One thing you can kind of consider with decentralization is we’re cutting out intermediaries, we’re preventing people from being in the middle as much as possible. So basically with web3.0, each individual like us, we will have more of a say as to how our data is used and what kind of data we can access. Right. So rather than having someone with a centralized website, they can have a website, they can put out information, but it will be much harder for them to control your data or get your information, because they are not gonna have a server that holds all of that. And the way you can kind of look at it is we have the cost of the internet and part of the cost of the internet is that we have ISPs, the internet service providers, they charge you to use the internet. But then there is the cost for all of these servers, and we need place to store all the information, but we may not necessarily have to with web3.0 because everyone can donate their processing power as a way to process the internet, so rather than having single servers that are like costing money, people can donate or rather than... I say donate rather than pay money to use the internet. You can give your processing power as part of the payment. So your personal computer becomes a member of the so called block chain processing. Right, just like you could do Bitcoin mining or something like that, rather than do Bitcoin mining, you're doing web3.0 processing. I see, so it's kind of like you said donating your… not donating, but it's like a trade off, so what you give is your computers processing power allow your computer to become a member of the block chain processing and in return you get sort of like data usage for example, the access to data and internet use.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time, 欢迎回来【Geek时间】. Hi, Brad. Hi, Lulu. What are we talking about today, Lulu? Actually, I have been running into this concept online. It's called web3.0 and I was just wondering what that actually means. Can we talk about that web 3.0? You can kind of think about the internet as being in three main stages. We're in the web2.0 for the most part right now. Web3.0 is gonna be the future of the web if it can be created to the extent that we hope it to be, then the earlier web which was web1.0. Okay. 所以就是网络的1.0时代, 2.0时代和3.0时代, you said we're currently in web2.0? Right. Here web is ‘www’, world wide web. If I remember correctly, this was created, world wide web was created, invented in 1989, I believe? Correct, yeah. So what was the idea or what is the idea of web1.0, the original world wide web. The basic idea is that you can put Information that's accessible to other people who have web devices. If you have a computer or another device to go online and access that data, most of the early web1.0 was just text or some simple pictures that were read only, you went to a website and you could read what was available there. It could be changed and people could update the websites. There were some websites that were bulletin boards where you went there and you did post some information. But a lot of the early web was things made by individuals, hobbyists, someone had and something interesting and so they would post information about it. They liked movies, they would write about movies. If they did art, they might draw something and put it up on their website. But it was quite basic, right? That was mainly from like, 1991 until the early 2000s. 所以1991-2004年之间, web1.0主要还就是一些只读信息, 就是very few interactions.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~1)Turn a blind eye (to refuse to acknowledge something that you know is true)a.Admiral Horatio Nelson was fighting a naval battle (Battle of Copenhagen)b.His fellow Admiral sent a message telling them to disengagec.Nelson believed that they could win if they carry on fighting.d.Nelson put a telescope to his blind eye and pretended that he didn’t see the signal.Hi everyone, and welcome back to our new segment 【It means what】.欢迎回来我们新的一个小板块叫做【词源考古研究所】, 在这个板块里我和安澜会跟大家分享一些英文常见的词和习语它们背后的历史故事. Hi, 安澜.Hi Lulu, hi everyone. What is our idiom or word of the day？Our idiom today is Turn a Blind Eye. Blind means you cannot see, so To Turn a Blind Eye is actually a very common idiom, it means?Well, it means to refuse to acknowledge that something is true. Or just basically pretend not to see it. 中文里我们也有一个一模一样的词, 就是睁一只眼闭一只眼, 安澜也知道吧？ And I bet it has a specific historical background.

酒馆“进阶口语课”第22期就要结课了，8/29号（周二）晚我们会在视频号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】直播结业典礼，参与直播间互动即可免费获得【英语水平能力测试】一次，联系直播客服了解详情，好机会别错过，一起来进步！Hi everyone and welcome back to Happy Hour.欢迎你回到酒馆.It's going to be our own 七夕 festival or double 7th festival this weekend.转眼又到七夕，in all of these lover related holidays in the past Chinese or western we have already done a few episodes, for example，we have done romantic love stories，romantic love quotes，we have done，tragic love stories even anti-love stories. So when you guys were busy thinking about gift ideas，I've been trying to come up with a relevant topic; and then it dawned on me, although you see 七夕 related advertising everywhere, few people would actually dig deeper into the legend of love. I'm sure most of you would recognize Cupid，but if I ask you who are the gods and goddesses of love in our own legend and folklore，I'm sure many of you would be shaking your heads. 比起西方神话里家喻户晓的丘比特，如果问到中国爱神，想起很多人就有点儿摸不着头脑了。 And for those of you who got to know me throughout the years, you know that one of my biggest interests is folklore and mythology. So in today's special 七夕 episode，let me introduce you to some of our own gods and goddesses of love.今天的七夕特辑里，璐璐就带你认识一下我们自己的那些爱神，and interesting yet sometimes bizarre stories relating to them. First of all，let's start with the story of 七夕 itself. I'm sure most of you know the story behind 七夕，there are two main characters，牛郎and织女. In English, they are often called the cowherd and the weaver girl. 如果你听到牛郎，首先脑子里面想到的是ホスト，那就建议你和璐璐一样去面壁思过一下，go back to the topic, cowherd and a weaver girl. Cowherd was a poor farmer boy，and the weaver girl was from the heaven. And they fell madly in love and got together like any other star-crossed lovers，and of course the emperor of heaven or the Jade Emperor玉皇大帝found out about this, and was furious. So he got the weaver girl back to heaven when the heart broken cowherd decided to chase after her, the Queen Mother of The West西王母 drew a silver river in the sky and blocked his way. But then because their love was so great，the magpies decided to form a bridge over the silver river for them to meet. In the end, even a jade emperor was moved. So he allowed this couple to meet on the magpie bridge once a year on the 7th day of the 7th month according to the Chinese calendar. And this was the origin of the 七夕 festival. And since thousands of years ago in the Han Dynasty，the tale of the cowherd and the weaver girl had already been celebrated. And on this day，girls would go to local temples to pray to the weaver girl for wisdom，especially skills in needle work，which symbolize the traditional talents of a good wife.古代的七夕少女们会向织女祈求至巧，特别是做针线活这种心灵手巧的手艺，以求能靠手艺符合如意郎君。So七夕was also called“乞巧festival”，which literally means praying for wisdom and dexterity. On that day，girls would also dress up and make wishes for marrying someone who would be a good and loving husband.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ So far we've talked about formal and smart casual; when it comes to casual, it’s pretty much whatever you wear, right？ Yeah. Casual means that you can start wearing things like trainers, jeans, T-shirts. These are fine for casual events such as going to the pub or just going out. But you wouldn't really wear this when you’re going for dinner or you wouldn't wear this when you’re going to theater for example. Hang on a minute. You cannot wear trainers or sneakers. 就不能穿这种运动鞋去正式的晚餐或者说去看戏.Some clubs and some places in the UK they would actually ban people from wearing trainers. What do they have against trainers. Well, because it's seen as too casual.I think the rules are changing as well. They are changing, but there are a lot of dress codes or a lot of places that still have dress code, they would actually say no trainers. To be completely honest, I mean we can talk about that for a little bit in the end. But my experience in London, there are still many places that would really require a dress code.Yeah, and I would say kind of if you do go to a restaurant or go for dinner, you should be looking for smart casual. Yeah, smart casual is very safe because you also don't want to overdressed to the point that people think you just went to a baptism or wedding.Exactly.But I have to say in English you say dress up and dress down, right? Dress down means dress more casually, dress up means you are more dolled up. You are more sort of formally dressed. But I always want to dress up rather than dressed down because when you're under-dressed, when you're too casual for the venue, for this scenario, you are gonna feel very uncomfortable. Yeah. I would still say in the UK we are quite conservative when it comes to what we wear. And for example, it’s like trainers, generally I only wear trainers when I'm working out. Oh, trainers are supposed to be sportswear. Yeah, so when I go for runs or if I go for like long walks, then I wear trainers. But if I'm going out anywhere else, I would always wear shoes. Talk about casual, in the very beginning we mentioned there is a layer even more casual than casual called loungewear, 这个就是我们意义上的什么家居服.Loungewear is basically what you wear at home, i.e. what you wear in the lounge, so loungewear would include things like pajamas, but also things like sweat pants or joggers. 就是那种松垮那种运动裤对吧？Yeah, so you would wear jogging bottoms, maybe a T-shirt. Women might wear leggings and people would wear these if at home, but they would also wear them if they're working out or going very quickly to the shops for example.Nearby shops.

欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~In today's Buzzword Mix, our buzzword is Capybara. 今天的Buzzword里我们就来说说最近社交媒体上一个现象级的明星Capybara, 如果你没有听过这个词, then listen to this. 【Music】即使你不知道Capybara这个词, 听到刚才那段音乐你是不是也悟了？Just 2 months ago, if you ask me anything about capybara, I would have said “Capywho”?如果是两三个月前, 你跟我讲capybara, 我可能会一头雾水. But these days, I am knee-deep in saving cute capybara videos and searching for various capybara merch. 但现在我的手机里至少存了10段以上的可爱的capybara视频, 并且我的某宝搜索已经加车了不少capybara主题的周边. So what is capybara? Well, capybara is an animal. It's basically like a big guinea pig, Capybara就是被大家戏称为大耗子的水豚. And I'm sure not the only one addicted to these super chill animals. Videos containing the hashtag “capybara” have garnered over hundreds of millions of views on social media. 关于它的视频在全世界至少被播放了上亿次. How does it look like? Measuring about a meter long and weighing 50 kg on average, capybara has the barrel body shape of a pig, tiptoes around on its webbed feet, looks like an upsized guinea pig.Capybara水豚, 它一般有一米长, 大概50公斤左右的体重, 长得像一个筒形, 所以叫水豚嘛，因为有点像猪猪, 怎么看都怎么像一个大型的guinea pig, 就像一个大型的荷兰猪或者豚鼠. But what really sets it apart from other animals is that it exudes the nonchalance of a river stone. 但它最吸引人的是那种特别淡定, 处变不惊的气质, 英语里这个词nonchalance, 我觉得基本相对于我们说的一种 “死了活着都无所谓的气质”. Now I'm sure you've seen all these cute videos about capybara, but let me share with you some of the fun facts about the animal. 接下来就跟大家分享几个关于水豚的热知识. Fact one, capybaras are the largest rodents on earth. 它们是世界上最大的啮齿动物. On average, they weigh about 50kg, however, the biggest capybara ever recorded weighed a whopping 91kg. That's definitely comparable to a fully grown human being. So they're probably larger than you in measure. Fact two, they're pretty much the Semi-aquatic jack of all trades.Native to South America, capybaras like to be close to the water, hence can mainly be found near lake, swamps or rivers like the Amazon. 水豚是属于Semi-aquatic animals它们属于半水生的动物, 所以经常是在水域旁边出现.这种来自南美洲的动物, they are well adapted to stay both on land and in water.And on land, these furry creatures are surprisingly fast. They can reach a speed of up to 35 kilometers per hour.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under The Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜.Hi, Lulu, hi, everyone. So 安澜, usually you would propose the topic, today let me propose one. Okay, that sounds rather dangerous. I think it's something that you do have some knowledge of, not a lot, but some knowledge of. Okay. Let's talk about fashion and clothing in the UK.You are right. I don't have much knowledge on that at all.But I can vouch for 安澜, I think he's got a pretty good sense of style. Oh, thank you. Now first things first, when people think of your fashion or clothing in the UK, I think perhaps a lot of our Chinese listeners would have certain stereotypes from old movies, period dramas, like Downtown Abbey for example. Yeah, there's a lot… I've noticed as well like for example when I buy clothes on 淘宝, it would say things like London style or kind of English style clothes, and I look at them and think well, yes, they were English style clothes but when my grandad was alive. I see, well, but retro, vintage. So first things first, let's start with the fact that you don't really have “national dress”. Right？Like for us, you think about 旗袍 or for Japanese you think about kimono. Yeah, UK doesn't really have a national dress. Generally, the clothes that we wear are very similar to the clothes that worn in other parts of Europe, and also in America. Did you guys invent like suit就整个那种西服套装是…Yeah, we did.So obviously everyone knows a suit and many of our listeners probably own maybe one or two if not more suits. Originally it was a British invention, it was invented in the 18th century because before then people would dress in very colorful clothes, very intricate clothes you know that required lots layers, but actually a really famous British dandy called “Beau” Brummel invented a suit where the focus was it's gotta be simple, elegant, and how you show how rich you are or how wealthy you are is by the use of the fabric, it’s by the use of the quality.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ But having said about that, you also lived in South Korea, right？South Korea is an interesting one. So I lived in South Korea for about three... a bit over 3 years. So how are the communities different in China, the sense of community different in China, in Korea and also in New Zealand if you have to compare the three. So there's a few things which sort of come to mind. So in China, when you say sense of community, I think people dancing in the 广场in the square at nighttime.广场舞。Yeah. So when you say Chinese community that's what I think about. When you say Korea, I think having a good old protest about something, Koreans they love to protest and it's a really good opportunity to get out and have a sense...that's my... it's a sense of community there. I see. In New Zealand, the sense of community. It's probably for most like typical traditional Kiwis, a sense of community is around watching a rugby game or a sports event. Sports events. So it's not really on trading dear meat for crayfish. I mean the mainstream would probably be around rugby. Everything's around rugby. But New Zealand is becoming more multicultural. It's perhaps a bit more...it is fairly becoming more multicultural, so it's no longer just about rugby and shaving sheep. Let's not stereotype. I didn't do the stereotyping here. It’s interesting that you mentioned multicultural. So New Zealand obviously is an immigrant country. So do you see more multicultural elements over the years in the sort of local community in New Zealand?Hugely.So where I'm living now Hawk’s Bay region, in 2018, we had around 150 Korean permanent residents; today or this year is a census year, we've got over 600 Korean families living here permanently. Chinese numbers, I don't have exact data, but we would estimate maybe a three and a half four thousand Chinese live here.New Zealand like the projections, government projections would suggest that we by 2040, so it's still quite a few years away, but the 2040 we expect that 1/4 of our population, 26% of our population will be Asian. I see, it's certainly a very popular destination for people who want to emigrate. For example, I know quite a few friends who immigrated to New Zealand. When you talk about immigration, obviously you talk about assimilation. 这种融入当地文化的意思. Do you think new immigrants in New Zealand assimilate well? Is it easy or do they even want to assimilate based on your observation?So certainly the people immigrants they come to New Zealand, they want to assimilate, they want to become part of the mainstream community, in New Zealand, they can do it. I think overall while there is certainly racism in New Zealand, it’s racism in every country, I think generally speaking, your average Kiwi is quite open to people from other countries and other cultures. I have a number of Chinese friends that came to New Zealand and they were determined to assimilate, meet local people and effectively become a New Zealander. They could be Chinese New Zealanders, but they wanted to become a New Zealander. They wanted to understand the culture, they wanted to embrace it, and they very successfully did so. You also have a lot of migrants, and we see this with the Chinese community, with the Koreans, with the Vietnamese, with almost Americans are particularly bad at it to be honest, where they just want to transplant their culture from their home country and their prejudices from their home country and their problems from their home country and just replicate it here in New Zealand.Is it one of those sort of immigrants that they just become very insular? They just keep within their community and they also kind of are showing prejudice against the locals.That is a definite issue in my role as consul. I've been criticized, well, the embassy has received criticism because they asked an non Korean take on the role. I've experienced Chinese people in the local community complaining,

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Global Village, 欢迎回来《小酒馆·大世界》. We have in our studio, our old friend Simon from New Zealand again, hi, Simon. Hey Kia Ora. 你好。Kia Ora. So previous time we were talking about disaster relief, obviously you guys just been through a cyclone. Then you mentioned how the community came together and then to help out people who were running out of supply in a disaster that just sounds super nice. I just thought that we can explore the topic of community a little bit more. What do you think？Sure, sounds great. So like I said, if you didn't listen to the previous episode, Simon is a pillar in the community, as they say in English. Simon应该属于这个community的领袖人物, 因为既是business owner, 也是相当于等一下让Simon自己说他有各种各样的role. First of all, before we go into the topic itself, Simon, could you give us a general background of your roles right now, like your identity, I know you own your business or businesses, you have multiple business there. But what else, what other roles do you have in the community？Sure. So I'm a bit hyperactive when it comes to businesses. So my main business is a consulting company. I work with New Zealand local councils, local governments. I manage their international partnerships. For example, in China like a foreign affairs office in a local government, 外办, New Zealand, local governments usually do not have 外办. So my company provides that service. We also own a small trading company, so we export various products mostly to China, but also the wider East Asia. And we have a small school teaching migrants that live in New Zealand. And hopefully from next month onwards we will also be attracting international students. Aside from this, wow, I don't sleep much. Just let me quickly cut in. And 酒馆, we are hoping to build some collaborations or cooperation with Simon's business as well. So in the future, we might also connect with Simon in our live stream so that we can see more of New Zealand.But do continue you just finished about your business roles. What are the roles you have?So aside from the business, I am the executive director for the Korea, New Zealand business council, which is a partially government funded organization and we assist New Zealand businesses that are wanting to export, to trade with South Korea. If I remember correctly, Simon, you speak Korean right, fluently or adequately?Yeah, conversational Korean. It's okay, it's enough to get myself in trouble. (Simon showing off his Korean-kidding)

"欢迎来到英文小酒馆的迷你双语板块【Buzzword Mix】-新词特饮，短短几分钟，让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资！关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取更多有趣节目内容和文稿哦~" Hi everyone, and welcome back to Buzzword Mix. 欢迎回到我们的迷你双语板块【新词特饮】, 短短几分钟让不同段位的你掌握最新最地道的英文谈资. In today's Buzzword Mix, our Buzzword is Bed Rotting. This is a really, really new expression. Bed就是床, Rotting本意是腐烂, 所以如果直译就是在床上烂掉, it sounds pretty disgusting. But bed rotting is a new trend that is sweeping TikTok. It involves staying in bed for extended periods of time, not to sleep, but to do passive activities like eating snacks, watching TV and scrolling through devices. 虽然听起来有点恶心, 但是bed rotting它形容的这种状态, 相信大家都不陌生, 也就是 for extended periods of time, 很长的时间躺在床上, 无所事事, 只会干一些比如说吃零食、看电视、刷手机之类的passive activities. This trend is most popular with members of Gen Z, Gen Z is basically the equivalent to our 95后00后.So this trend is popular with Gen Z who may feel burnt out from work, school, family demands, or social engagements. 我愿意把它翻译成 “平躺摆烂”或者 “躺平摆烂”.On TikTok, bed rotting has more than 130 million views. So you get an idea of its popularity. Now people are talking about the benefits of bed rotting, it does have its perks in small doses. 如果适度的去躺平摆烂, 其实是对我们有好处的.Because it can calm the body and help ease stress and exhaustion, especially for people working long hours in a physically or mentally demanding role. 对于平时工作生活压力很大的人, 偶尔的bed rotting躺平摆烂其实是会让你的身体能够从压力和精疲力竭中修复过来. These individuals might use this practice to give themselves an opportunity to recharge their batteries. 中文里我们也说给自己充电, 英文里会说recharge your batteries. 这个意思主要是指的工作生活已经让你精疲力竭, 你需要一个时间修复充电.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Britain under the Microscope – British Workplace EtiquettePower DistanceoBosses are expected to be on first-name terms with their employees.oEasy access to managers is expected.oJunior staff members are also expected to give their opinions and suggestions. Dress CodeoBusiness casual is now most common.Wearing shirt, shoes and trousers or skirts/trousers for women. Jeans aren’t worn in an office. Ties aren’t worn as much.Shorts, T shirts or trainers are generally not acceptable. Better to be overdressed rather than underdressed. SocialisingoColleagues in many companies still go for drinks on a Friday evening. oImportant to buy a round or at least offer to buy them drinks. That brings us to a very interesting question you mentioned briefly earlier, the power distance. Now I taught cross cultural communication before. So this whole 权力距离 power distance is the distance between just like an entry level employee, for example, and the CEO, and the management, if the power distance is like shorter, that means you are more equal. It is longer, that means it’s more hierarchical. There are many layers. What would you say about British workplace? Is it more hierarchical or is it flatter?In the UK, it's very much low power distance. So bosses are expected to be on first name terms with their employees, and also the idea of easy access to managers is expected. So for example, if I was working for a British company, and even if I was like a really junior position, I would still expect that if I needed to, I would be able to speak to the CEO or the boss. Isn't that a bit idealistic though?It is a bit idealistic, but it's obviously you don't go up to the CEO and to say, hi, can you help me kind of with this? No. But it's the idea that it's expected that they cannot just say no, they'll think of an excuse maybe, but they can't just say no.I think the expectation is people who are actually in senior management position they should see themselves as part of the team instead of superior. Exactly. And with a low power distance, there’s a certain degree of personal charisma that comes into it. So bosses are expected to be leaders. They are expected to lead by example and they are also expected to be there for their employees as well. They don't just bark orders at people. They're supposed to be like the strong backing to support the team as well. A term that you might hear in English is first among equals. First among equals, I see. You do have a little bit more authority because of your position, but just relying on your position is not enough. You also need to work hard and you also need to set an example. You also need to have that personal charisma for people to respect you.Exactly. And part of that is listening to junior staff members. Because they are also expected to give their own opinions and suggestions. What about seniority? How do you regard seniority? If you, let's say there are two employees, A has worked with his company for 20 years and B has only worked here for a year. It's all based on performance. It's not an automatic seniority rules kind of thing, because A has 20 years of experience. It depends on the experience and it also depends on the performance as well. So it’s not something as automatically given. And this is a big thing in the UK around recruitment exercises. So when you recruit people, it's... you don't, for example, share things like age. Yeah, I think you get sued right, for age, discrimination for ages, but that's another, whole other topic. Moving away from this really heavy topic about hierarchy and power distance. By the way, what we're saying is the generalized version. Obviously, there are specific companies, there are specific industries that are very different.

关注视频号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，主页【商品橱窗】中进入购买即可，满满干货不要错过哦~1)Nightmarea.Comes from the Old English word mære.b.A mære or mare is an evil female spirit who visits sleeping people on a horse and sit on their chests to kill them.c.They also bring bad dreams and tangle up people’s hair. Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment【It means what?】Yeah!!!Stop it now. (kidding)Awh~欢迎回来, 我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】. Hi, 安澜.Hi, Lulu, hi, everyone. In the segment, we are sharing with you interesting origin, stories, words and phrases. So what is our word for today？Today's word is nightmare. Nightmare就是噩梦. Bad dreams, UMM. Yes, we do say bad dreams in English as well, but nightmare as a word is even older. It comes from somewhere that's even scarier. I sometimes wondered, I know ‘night’, but where does the word ‘mare’ come from？Mare nowadays in English means a horse, a female horse. Mare现在是有母马的意思, but I'm pretty sure the origin has nothing to do with horses. It's got something to do with horses, okay？But this particular ‘mare’ comes from an old English word ‘mære’. Now a mære is actually an evil female spirit. 就是恶灵这种感觉. So this spirit visit sleeping people on a horse and sits on their chest to try and kill them. Yeah, when you say old English, I’m guessing because I am a fanatic of folklore, most of our listeners know this. Now if you say old English lore that most likely this folklore or this whole evil spirit, it comes from Scandinavia? Yeah, Germany, Scandinavia, Nordic countries. We shared a very similar religious belief system. Especially old English is very Germanic. Very very Germanic. 日耳曼系或者说是Scandinavian就北欧的这些传说里面, they have this evil spirit mare. So it's the whole idea of sleep paralysis when you’re sleeping and you wake up but can't move. You know we have the exact word in Chinese, alright, it's called ‘鬼压床’, literally translates into ghost or spirit crushes you in your bed. Yeah, we have exactly the same in English. And this whole mare what you said visits sleeping people and sits on their chest to kill them or to crush them, this whole idea is basically it's a very vivid, very graphic imagery. You can actually see it in some of the artworks. Yeah. It all comes down to that very common phenomenon of sleep paralysis. I think everybody at one time or another, they feel that they've woken up in the night, but they can't move. I think a lot of this obviously has medical explanations behind it, but let's say, people in the olden days they couldn't explain with science, or like medical science. So they could only explain this with the idea of an evil spirit. Exactly. And actually I did some research. So in Norwegian and Danish, in these two northern European languages, the words for nightmare can be directly translated as ‘mare ride’. 所以在挪语和丹麦语里 nightmare这个词直译 ‘mare ride’, basically a mare this evil spirit is riding on you, scary.It is terrifying. In old English, we believe that they used to bring bad dreams and also quite strangely, they used to tangle up people's hair. So they messed people's hair. So when you wake up in the morning and your hair is all over the place, it's not because you were tossing and turning bed. It was because an evil spirit came and played with your hair.

关注视频号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，主页【商品橱窗】中进入购买即可，满满干货不要错过哦~Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜.Hi Lulu, hi everyone. So what is the topic for today?Well, I thought today based on some of the comments that we've been receiving and also some of the people that would be meeting, events, I thought today we can talk about the workplace.The workplace. In particular, British workplace etiquette.Etiquette basically means manners, right?Yeah. 就是这种职场的礼仪. I would imagine British workplace etiquette is going to be quite different from the Chinese one. Very different. Very, very, very different.I have so many questions to ask. I mean, I worked with British people before, but I haven't really worked in the full on British environment. It is quite different. It's also a little bit different from America as well. So let's get started with introducing yourself. So you go to the office, first time there, what do you do?To be honest, I think that is one of those questions that is so common but most people don't even think about it. So let's just say we're in Britain first day in the office. I've been here for years and you are the newcomer. Am I to initiate contact or are you gonna come in as new guy and say, hi, I'm the new guy. You would be expected to start the contact. I would say, I haven’t seen you around, are you new here? that sort of thing. And these type of introductions are still relatively formal. So for example, handshakes are still used and also small talk as well. You would be expected to engage a little bit of small talk, which I know for a fact that you really hate. We can talk about small talk in a bit because that is basically an entire topic on its own. Let's talk about the handshakes. So British people don't kiss, don't do the social kissing.No, certainly not in a workplace environment. I think I've seen people doing that, but probably because they also friends?Very close friends probably, but for the first time you don't kiss or hug. What about women and men like, so for example, I've been working here for ages and you are the newcomer. Shall I extend my hand first?You probably extend your hands at the same time. I see and say, nice to meet you. Yeah, nice to meet you.I see. And to talk about ‘small talk’, I absolutely hate the British small talk. I know you do.I don't mind if it's like getting to know each other. But sometimes you know this person very well already, you work with them for ages, and you really have some urgent business or tasks to talk about, but when you get them on the phone or see them in person, you still do a little bit of small talk first. Well, yeah, it's still important to do that. But ironically, in meetings, we don't really engage in that much small talk. But if it's one on one, you do small talk.You do. But how to address people? In Chinese we say 王总，张部长. In the UK, it's all first names.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Let's talk about the differences. Would you say there are some differences in the not just mentality but personality like this sort of national psyche? There's a difference between your average Aussie and average Kiwi in terms of personality. I think it’s a general rule. New Zealand is very concerned about being polite. We don't like confrontation. Most kiwis hate confrontation. We're very indirect which can be quite annoying, I think for many people; Australians, I found they are a lot more decisive, a lot more direct, a lot more self confident. Sometimes can be even a bit aggressive Australians. It's quite interesting. So even you look at our national foreign policies, so how do our two countries interact globally? New Zealand will always just try and get along with everyone when we make foreign policy decisions, it's usually based on the united nations. Just trying to figuring out what is the right thing to do and sticking to it. We hate being told what to do, America.Australia, on the other hand, is obviously quite staunchly American. They're the big country in the Pacific. They know they're the big country in the Pacific. They expect other people to follow what they say. For lack of a better word, it's kind of like a bully mentality, isn't it？Yeah, they're the United States of the Pacific. It's like the original bully kind of idea. But this is just, I'm saying for lack of a better word, again, we're not trying to make over generalizations in that sense. You're more than welcome to share your opinion in the comment section if you disagree with us. Now coming back to this, the other difference that is quite obvious is that the fact the native people are different, right? The native people in Australia, they're called aboriginal people. And then in New Zealand is obviously Maori. Would you say that Maori people play a much bigger role in New Zealand compared with aboriginal people, aborigines in Australia？Yeah, I think so. I would say the Maori population that certainly had a very terrible time at the hands of British colonialism. There is certainly a much greater recognition of Maori culture in wider society than perhaps of aboriginal culture in Australian society. I knew the New Zealand government has... it's over the last 20 years been trying to work with the various Maori tribes, the Iwi, to recognize them to and to try and provide some some support for... an assistance, for the terrible things that happened to them. Australia, the Australian government, I think is now beginning to look at this. But I think while in New Zealand, the main like most New Zealanders accept the importance of Maori culture and Maori and Maori language. I would say that still there are a lot of Australians that would not have the same attitude towards the aboriginal people. I think this is something that most of our audience know very little about. So it's... if you're interested, look into it, at least that's what I feel like from an outsider. I could definitely see Maori people have more of a presence in New Zealand compared with aboriginal people in Australia, but I could be mistaken. Now let us talk about, well, moving away from these very, very heavy topics about history. Let us talk about something a bit more lighthearted. What is or what are some of the things or topics that are going to or are likely to provoke a fight between Aussies and Kiwis, or are there any?No, there's really not that much. Of course we joke about rugby. I won the rugby. No, you won the rugby, cricket, who's got the better beer, 啤酒, 非常重要, but no, there's really not much, people to people, New Zealanders and Australians usually get on pretty well.

《词源考古研究所》-“muscle”"mussel"傻傻分不清楚？嗯，跟老鼠有关！a.Comes from the Latin word ‘musculus’ which means little mouse.b.The Romans believed that when you flex your muscles, it looks like little mice running under the skin. c.The Romans also thought that mussels looked like little mice (remember the Romans used to eat mice) so that’s why mussels are also called mussels. Hi everyone. And welcome back to our new segment It Means What.Yeah.It’s nice to see you as well. 欢迎大家回来我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】, hi, 安澜. Hi. Lulu, hi, everyone. So 安澜you have been working out a lot, doing a lot of exercises. I've been exercising a bit. So let's talk about the word muscle 肌肉. Okay. So for those of you who know me and see me, that I'm incredibly muscular. Not. I am. I’ve got one muscle. So where does this word come from? Is it from the ancient Greeks where they like to rub themselves with olive oil and then they basically run around naked?No.Okay. It comes from Latin, and it comes from a Latin word ‘musculus’ . Which means? little mouse, 小老鼠. That's because the Romans believe that when you flex your muscles, it looks like little mice running under your skin. You know what I've actually heard that expression in Chinese, I think ages go, I don't know if it's a direct translation from the English etymology, but some people do call, I think it's old fashioned, but they did call muscle 小老鼠. They say I have 小老鼠, I have little mouse. Really?So this is when you're trying to flex your muscle, you're trying to show your muscle, then it looks like a little mouse running around. You can kind of see that, can't you? I think it’s a vivid imagery however not really friendly to people who really are terrified of mice. I like mice, I think they're really cute, but there's also another word in English that comes from ‘musculus’ and probably you can see and guess what it is. It's a type of seafood. I know, mussels就是青口贝, because it sounds exactly the same, muscles, mussels. The pronunciation is Complete the same, the spelling though is different. It's m-u-s-s-e-l-s, and that's because the Romans thought that mussels, i.e. the seafood look like little mice. Again? That's because remember, the Romans used to eat mice. They used to eat mice with honey, it was a delicacy.Okay, for them it's food anyways, so muscles, the seafood looked like another food they ate, which was the mice. I like the muscles, the physical muscles better. I do actually like mussels the seafood as well though. I love mussels, but now you're saying the origin of this word is little mice. I probably have to think twice. Yeah, don't think about it so much.

CAMPAGNA FINANZIATA AI SENSI DEL REG. UE N. 1308/2013CAMPAIGN FINANCED ACCORDING TO UE REGULATION NO.1308/2013可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Since you're talking about Prosecco, now let's bring the topic back to Prosecco. Now, Mikelino, I know that Prosecco is one of your best selling items, right? Or you only do Prosecco, you do other wine as well? No, no. I do also sell wines or other kind of wines, but Prosecco is my king. Yeah. But why do you think it's so popular? Like compared with some of the other products that you sell？Easiest answer is because it's super adaptable, super versatile to so many occasions, and we go from a formal dinner, a formal welcoming drink for a dinner to the craziest party that we can have in the nightlife places. This is a 360° of versatility found for such a wine. Prosecco DOC, it's the most exported wine that we have in Italy and this is the reason can use it. I mean, everybody is like every different kind of client there if you're talking to the B to B so from our restaurants to a bar to a club to private event, it's definitely my best selling item to around the 30% of my sales is out of Prosecco DOC. Oh. So adaptability and versatility. Yeah, and also it's very easy to drink, very easy to drink. It goes into cocktails. You can drink it by itself, as a serving style because it could be sweeter or drier according to your preference. So it's really something that find the highest level of applications and the highest number of consumers, not only women or a certain kind but everybody.Yeah. I mean, I totally agree with the versatility and adaptability part, and especially think about my community, I have a community of over 1 million followers. A lot of them, they would probably, like 70% are women, they would like to try some sort of wine, but they can't get into the heavy wine. I mean, we've held some really, really professional big wine sort of wine tasting. And then it seems like people find those very, very hard to accept because they haven't developed their palate so to speak, but Prosecco is just so friendly to beginners in wine tasting.Totally, yes. Yeah.Yes, I agree.Also I was surprised once we, I mean, talking about ourselves, when we started the cooperation with the Revolucion, I was kind of surprised because like nightlife club, I'm open to any kind of clients and Santi was saying, no, we have a very differentiated clientele and we do need the Prosecco, it is not just all about cocktails, despite that as we told before, now the mixology is an important part for Prosecco. This kind of wine is really a different than wine drinking. It's Prosecco drinking. It's a category per se, we could say. It's very different. So I'm gonna ask Santi actually, since Mikelino was saying that you guys were talking about your clientele, their drinking habits, so I'm going to ask is Presecco or sparkling wine in general a popular choice for your customers?OK, as we were talking before concerning the market, a different order from our shops.It's different because the network is different, but in some city, especially Shanghai like we sell a lot of spritz.also because I'm half Italian half Albanian.So in every shop I have a part of Italian community in everywhere. So it's also for that, but not only for that, but in the end, people stay with me say oh I like these, can I try?It's such a great experience drinking Spritz on summer's day and just to remind our… Do you like it? I love it. Just to remind our listeners, Spritz, I hope I'm getting this correct. So Spritz is a sparkling wine like Prosecco, for example Prosecco and some other form of alcohol like for example I drink Aperol Spritz sometimes, so that is Aperol and Prosecco. And I want to say soda, like sparkling water, soda water?And orange slice. Totally right, yes. Yeah.You can be our new bartender. Thank you.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to Global Village. 欢迎回来【小酒馆·大世界】. We're very happy to get Simon back, Simon from New Zealand. Hi, Simon. Hey Kia ora, how’s going？Kia ora, it's going well. And I would like to propose a topic today that I'm not sure if it's sensitive or not. There are not a lot of sensitive topics when it comes to New Zealand, but this one just might be, it's New Zealand versus Australia. Don't get me started. You know the thing is, neighbors, if you look at the world, neighbors or neighboring countries usually have somewhat of a love hate, a really strange, subtle, nuanced relationship from the UK I’ve talked to 安澜about their relationship with the French; I've talked to James from America... talked to their American relationship with Canadians. So with you, I thought we talk about New Zealand and Australia. So do you think New Zealand and Australia have that kind of nuanced love hate relationship. I mean we talk about a bit of a friendly rivalry, but personally I think we're not too dissimilar. We often joke about New Zealand is better at rugby, Australia, won at the cricket, nothing but....Usually sports based.Usually sports based, they steal our celebrities. A lot of Kiwis, perhaps Kiwis a little bit older than me. There used to be a really famous New Zealand band called Split Enz. They grew up in New Zealand, they started in New Zealand. But the Australians all say that they're an Australian band, that makes people upset. It's the origin story. New Zealand is claiming Russell Crowe as a New Zealander, Australian say he's Australian, so Australians are pretty good at stealing our stuff. Okay, you just said there's no love hate relationship, yet you accuse them of stealing. Because they're “bad people”. For all my friends out there who are Australians or living in Australia, no offense. Like it's Simon's opinion, doesn't represent the opinion of the show, I need to have this disclaimer here. Alright, but jokes aside, I think to, before we get into this topic, let's give our audience a general idea. How far is New Zealand from Australia? How far are these two countries apart? I know most people obviously know if you have a little bit of geographical knowledge, you know that these countries are very close together, but exactly how close. So it's quite deceptive.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜.Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. So, last time we were talking about part time jobs for students and you were sharing with us your quite unsuccessful or successful experience working part time. Yes, as a waiter I worked for about maybe 4, 5 weeks...And got fired.I wasn't fired. You were asked to leave.I was just told not to come back. There is a difference. But you were a pretty successful tour guide. Yes. I wasn't fired from that job. But we also talked about in our previous episode on expenses for students, we talked about how expensive our universities and do parents pay for their kids’ education. And we ended up talking about 70% of British university students have student loan. I don't know if this is the latest figure, but this figure is relatively new. Do you mind if I asked, did you have student loan when you were in universe?Yeah. Back then you only had one loan and that was just called student loan. But now you have two different types of loan. You have a tuition fee loan, which is the loan directly for your tuition fees. 就是学费的贷款. This is paid directly to the university. And for everyday expenses, rent and all of that, you have the maintenance loan. 就好像生活费的贷款. Parents don't help at all? It depends. It really does. But I can talk a little bit about my own experience. So because I was working, I only really took out the money as a loan to pay for my tuition fee. That's because my first year at university I lived in halls (学生宿舍), I should use my savings to pay the fees to live in halls, and I worked to get a little bit of that extra money. And the second and third year I lived at home. So I would say in that type of situation is quite common. My parents didn't ask me for rent or I didn't have to chip in for food and drink and things like that. I see. So they don't give you money per se. You don't get pocket money.But they basically in a way subsidized your living because they allow you to live under their roof without charging you. They don't charge you for food when you stayed at home that sort of thing. I see. And there are some parents that do give an allowance to their kids, but I would say that's not seen as a good thing, that's not seen as something the children would be particularly proud of. So they're not gonna go around and say, my mom and my dad they just give me￡5,000. They're not gonna do that. No, because people would actually judge them because the whole idea of being at university is that you are becoming more independent. So that's why lots of university students they're trying to go to universities probably a bit further away from where they live. I see. I can take my niece for example. At the moment she's looking at universities that are completely in different cities from where she lives now. Because she wants to be independent, she wants to have her own life. I can relate to that actually. So when I was choosing universities, when I was in high school, I also it's not really like running away from your parents because you don't like your parents. It's more like you want to prove that you can make it on your own.Exactly. And I would say for 17, 18-year-olds in the UK, they don't look at themselves as children anymore. They want to start live in a more independent life and that's something that is actively encouraged. So it's not about how much allowance their parents would give them. It's more like how much they can earn and what kind of life they can live. Now bringing it a little bit back to student loan. Can anyone like, can anyone living, or British national, can anyone apply and get it approved?Yes, the maintenance loan is means-tested though.Means-tested?So that means they do award you a loan based on your household income and where you're studying. So for example, if you're living in London, then you get more money.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ 1)Mortgagea.Sounds really scary as it means ‘death pledge’. b.Actually means the pledge would be considered ‘dead’ when repaid.c.The idea of a mortgage dates back to the 1100s but it was only 20th Century that they became really popular.Hi, everyone. And welcome to our new segment 【It Means What?】Yeah!!!You don't have to do this every time. No, I enjoy it. 欢迎大家回到我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】, hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu, hi everyone. So in this segment, we are bringing you interesting origin stories of some of the most common words and phrases in English. So today's word, I'm gonna give you a little bit of a clue. Okay, what do you think is one of the scariest things that most people have in their lives？I don’t know, illnesses?Even scarier than that in some cases. What do you think that we spend most of our money on？So you're talking about money. I know what you're talking about, so you're talking about mortgage. Mortgage很多时候被翻译成房贷, 但它其实是抵押贷款的意思, 对吧？就是有个抵押物, it’s... we translated into house loan in Chinese mostly because that's... for most people mortgage is about house, most people don't have other things. The question is why don't we call it a housing loan in English? And the reason is and it sounds rather scary, it actually comes from French and Latin. It means “death pledge”. Death pledge, pledge is like a promise. Yeah.所以有点死亡抵押的意思. It does sound scary. It does sound a little bit like someone's gonna kill you, but it's not actually it means pledge would be considered dead once the loan has been repaid. So basically, once you pay off your loan, then no longer exists, is dead. Exactly. It's technically dead. Actually, I've seen another version of the etymology. 我看到这个词源的另外一个解释, it's also death pledge, but they're saying it's more like the collateral that you put down like in case you're dead, so you borrowed money, right? Then you have to put your house or some of the things as collateral. 就是要把你房产或者地作为抵押物, because if you die, then how can they collect the money back？That's also one other explanation of death pledge. Yeah. And there are lots of different explanations and that's one of the interesting things about etymology, is the fact that no one is hundred percent sure. 对, 词源学是一个非常有意思的事情, you can always go back and further back. And then there are different variations.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来《闲话英伦》. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. So recently I've seen a lot of the clips, videos on social media about how much money a university student needs for day to day living. And that reminds me of a subject of working, especially when you're still a student. And I thought we both had experience in that.Oh, yes.By the way, when did you start working? When was your first job, part time?My very very very first job, I was about 12. Child labor much? 童工. No, it's not that bad. My mom used to work at florist. So when it was a really, really busy time, like for example, Valentine's Day or Christmas, what I would do is I would sit in the van with the driver who deliver flowers, but because it takes time for the driver to get in and out of the car, pick up the flowers, I would just be the runner. Oh, you are the flower boy, the flower delivery.I was a flower boy, so I'll just sit there, run out, knock on the door, leave the flowers so we can get to the next house, very quickly. But my first regular part time job, I was about 15, 16?I was 16, 17, actually 17, I think.Late starter. Not in China, but... so I thought we can spend a couple of episodes on talking about 打工, working part time job, as a very young person, as a student. So what was your part time job?My part time job is tutoring, using my brains. You had a very high-end part time job. All right. I mean, let's first start by talking about the age. When do kids in the UK start working part time? I don't think they start at 12, that’s against the law.No, that's only because it was like a family friend gave me a little bit of pocket money to do that. It's informal.

CAMPAGNA FINANZIATA AI SENSI DEL REG. UE N. 1308/2013CAMPAIGN FINANCED ACCORDING TO UE REGULATION NO.1308/2013可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Since you're talking about Prosecco, now let's bring the topic back to Prosecco. Now, Mikelino, I know that Prosecco is one of your best selling items, right? Or you only do Prosecco, you do other wine as well? No, no. I do also sell wines or other kind of wines, but Prosecco is my king. Yeah. But why do you think it's so popular? Like compared with some of the other products that you sell？Easiest answer is because it's super adaptable, super versatile to so many occasions, and we go from a formal dinner, a formal welcoming drink for a dinner to the craziest party that we can have in the nightlife places. This is a 360° of versatility found for such a wine. Prosecco DOC, it's the most exported wine that we have in Italy and this is the reason can use it. I mean, everybody is like every different kind of client there if you're talking to the B to B so from our restaurants to a bar to a club to private event, it's definitely my best selling item to around the 30% of my sales is out of Prosecco DOC. Oh. So adaptability and versatility. Yeah, and also it's very easy to drink, very easy to drink. It goes into cocktails. You can drink it by itself, as a serving style because it could be sweeter or drier according to your preference. So it's really something that find the highest level of applications and the highest number of consumers, not only women or a certain kind but everybody.Yeah. I mean, I totally agree with the versatility and adaptability part, and especially think about my community, I have a community of over 1 million followers. A lot of them, they would probably, like 70% are women, they would like to try some sort of wine, but they can't get into the heavy wine. I mean, we've held some really, really professional big wine sort of wine tasting. And then it seems like people find those very, very hard to accept because they haven't developed their palate so to speak, but Prosecco is just so friendly to beginners in wine tasting.Totally, yes. Yeah.Yes, I agree.Also I was surprised once we, I mean, talking about ourselves, when we started the cooperation with the Revolucion, I was kind of surprised because like nightlife club, I'm open to any kind of clients and Santi was saying, no, we have a very differentiated clientele and we do need the Prosecco, it is not just all about cocktails, despite that as we told before, now the mixology is an important part for Prosecco. This kind of wine is really a different than wine drinking. It's Prosecco drinking. It's a category per se, we could say. It's very different. So I'm gonna ask Santi actually, since Mikelino was saying that you guys were talking about your clientele, their drinking habits, so I'm going to ask is Presecco or sparkling wine in general a popular choice for your customers?OK, as we were talking before concerning the market, a different order from our shops.It's different because the network is different, but in some city, especially Shanghai like we sell a lot of Spritz.also because I'm half Italian half Albanian.So in every shop I have a part of Italian community in everywhere. So it's also for that, but not only for that, but in the end, people stay with me say oh I like these, can I try?It's such a great experience drinking Spritz on summer's day and just to remind our… Do you like it? I love it. Just to remind our listeners, Spritz, I hope I'm getting this correct. So Spritz is a sparkling wine like Prosecco, for example Prosecco and some other form of alcohol like for example I drink Aperol Spritz sometimes, so that is Aperol and Prosecco. And I want to say soda, like sparkling water, soda water?And orange slice. Totally right, yes. Yeah.You can be our new bartender. Thank you.