英文小酒馆 LHH

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ “It was early in April 1883. At this time I was living with Sherlock Holmes. We had rooms at 221B Baker Street.One morning I woke up early. Holmes was standing by my bed. He was already dressed. I looked up at him in surprise. My clock showed that it was only seven. Holmes generally got up late.“Very sorry to wake you up, Watson,” he said.“What is it?” I asked. “A fire?”“No. It is a young lady. She just came in. She says she must see me. It looks like an interesting case, Watson. I thought you would be interested.”“My dear Holmes, I wouldn’t miss it for the world”, as I jumped excitedly out of bed.I put on my clothes. In a few minutes I was ready. We went down to the sitting room.A lady got to her feet. She was dressed in black. We saw that her face was gray. Her eyes looked like those of a hunted animal.“Good morning,” said Holmes. “My name is Sherlock Holmes. And this is Dr. Watson. He is my dear friend. Please tell us everything. But first of all, you are shivering. Shall I order some hot coffee for you?”“It is not cold that makes me shiver,” the young lady quietly responded. “What is it then?” Holmes responded.“It is fear, Mr Holmes. It is terror.” I could the fear in her eyes and noticed that even though she was only thirty, her hair was already started to turn grey. “Do not fear my dear lady,” Holmes soothingly said, “you are quite safe. Please tell us your story.”“My name is Helen Stoner,” said the lady. “I am living with my stepfather. His name is Dr. Grimesby Roylott. He is the last living Roylott. The Roylotts have been at Stoke Moran for hundreds of years.”Holmes nodded. “I know the name,” said he.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to geek time with Brad. 欢迎回来【极客时间】. Hi, Brad.Hi, lulu. How's it going? Yeah. I mean it's going and it has been some time since last time we actually talked about geeky stuff. Yeah. I don't remember. Yeah, I hope life's treating you well.Life's treating me pretty good, no problems. But have you seen some of the latest news? I mean that is actually a topic that I would like to propose today. Have you seen people like Zuckerberg and all those tech gazillionaires in the world? It seems like there's now a trend among these people to build some sort of underground bunkers. 就是现在做那个地堡, 什么像扎克伯格他们都开始做那种好像是末日地堡那种感觉. Have you been following these news? Of course I know about the lizard people on their underground bunkers. Guys, if you don't remember the lizard people, Brad and I were actually talking about this whole conspiracy theory, or maybe not. 原来我们说那个阴谋论里面就说有一个谈到 lizard people, reptilian people that are actually in control of the world. So I thought let's talk about bunkers. That sounds very good. Yeah.First of all, what is a bunker? Bunker. I thought bunker was first used in, I don't know, in some sort of shelter during wartime. Aha. Like a lot of times during war, leaders would be in bunkers if there was any issues, really any like front lines near them, they would definitely hide in bunkers, because that's how they would make sure to stay away from being bombed basically. So initially was like anti bombing.Right.I see. Because if you read history or if you watch some historical films or documentaries, you see like Hitler in bunker in his bunker and also Churchill in his bunker.Yeah. Like a lot of people they wanna have a bunker could be for something crazy like a nuclear fallout if there's ever a World War III that includes nuclear weapons, you can see that in the video game series that's really popular, the fallout series.The fallout.Like lizard, yeah, in the series everyone is going to live in bunkers, and then after decades, people escape to the surface, and that's basically how the game takes place. Fallout是一个挺老的游戏叫辐射. I think some of you, if you're older, you probably have heard of that, but they're bringing a new TV series in... this year, based on that game, I think. Yeah. So that whole premises is all nuclear apocalypse核末日这种, right?

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~品茗 – KeywordHistory 历史The Classic of Tea 《茶经》To brew tea 泡茶Religious rituals 宗教仪式The Ancient Tea Horse Road 茶马古道Types of Chinese Teas 茶的种类白茶 White tea 绿茶 Green tea 乌龙茶 Oolong tea红茶 Black tea黑茶 Dark tea/Fermented tea*Fermentation 发酵*Oxidation 氧化Tea ceremony 茶道To appreciate tea 品茶Tea competition 斗茶/茗战Lidded tea bowl 盖碗Sharing cup/pitcher 公道杯/茶海Purple sand clay teapot 紫砂茶壶Tea tray 茶盘Tea holder 茶匙Scent cup 闻香杯Tea tongs 茶夹Tea pet 茶宠

不论是海外求学，国际旅行，接待外宾还是跨境业务洽谈中，你是否满腹干货，想做中华文化使者，但又苦于无法用英文表达？语言，不仅能让你看到更广阔的世界也能让你在更大的舞台发出自己的声音。酒馆特别板块： China Story【用英语，说中国】，双语播出，适合不同段位的你。让我们一起，讲述有趣有料的中国故事。关注公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】，获取精美文稿哦~

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ 中国烹饪法 – KeywordWet techniques 湿热烹调法Quick immersion：快速版Quick boiling 汆 （汆丸子）Blanching 焯 （焯水）Prolonged immersion：慢速版Braising 烧 （红烧肉） Steam stewing 焖 （豆角焖面）Gradual simmering 炖 （铁锅炖大鹅）Bake stewing 煨 （瓦罐煨汤）Steaming：蒸*Steam-pot chicken汽锅鸡Dry techniques 干热烹调法Air-based：空气版Baking/Roasting 烤 （烤鸭/烤乳猪）Grilling 炙烤 （炙子烤肉）Smoking 熏 （熏腊肉）Oil-based：有油版Deep frying 炸 （炸丸子）Pan frying 煎 （煎豆腐）Stir frying 炒 （清炒时蔬）Flash frying 爆 （爆炒鱿鱼）Without heat无加热烹调法Dressing 拌Marinating 腌 Pickling 酱Jellifying 冻

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ When Wilson had gone, Holmes turned to me. “Well, Watson,” he asked. “What do you think?”“I have no idea,” I answered. “It is very strange. What are you going to do?”“Go hear some music,” replied Holmes. “There is a violin concert at St. James’s Hall this afternoon. Come along. We have time to make a stop on the way.”We took the underground train to Aldersgate. A short walk, and we were in Coburg Square.One of the corner houses wore a sign that read “J. B. Wilson.” Holmes stopped in front of the house. He thumped on the pavement with his stick. He pounded in two or three more spots. Then he walked up and knocked on the door.Mr. Wilson’s helper answered. He was a bright, clean looking young man.“So sorry to bother you,” said Holmes. “But can you tell me how to get to the Strand?”“Third right, fourth left,” the young man answered. He closed the door.“That,” said Holmes as we walked away, “is the fourth smartest man in London. I have seen him before. Did you get a look at his knees?”“What about his knees?” I asked. “What do you know, Holmes? Why did you hit the pavement like that?”“My dear Watson,” said Holmes. “This is no time to talk. This is the time to look. Let’s see what lies behind this quiet street.” We turned the corner.To my surprise, we found ourselves on a busy street. “Let’s see,” said Holmes. “There’s a cigar store. And there’s the City Bank. And there is a restaurant. Hmm, yes …”He turned to me. “I’ll want your help,” he said. “Can you be ready at ten tonight? Good. See you then. Oh, and Dr. Watson. Do you have your gun? You had better bring it along.”He waved his hand. Then he disappeared.I got back to Baker Street just before ten o’clock that evening. Two horse-drawn cabs were waiting outside. Inside, I found two men with Holmes.”“Ah! We are all here now!” Holmes said. “You know Inspector Jones of Scotland Yard, don’t you, Watson? And this is Mr. Merryweather.”Mr. Merryweather was long, thin, and sad-faced. He wore a very shiny top hat. He did not look at all happy. “This had better not be a waste of time,” he said. “I’m missing my Saturday night card game. First time in twenty years.”Holmes laughed. “You’ll play a more exciting game tonight,” he said. “You, Mr. Merryweather, stand to win or lose thirty thousand pounds. And you, Mr. Jones? You will get your man.”“That’s right!” cried Inspector Jones. “John Clay. Killer. Robber. He’s a young man. But he’s one of the most wanted criminals in London”“Yes—he’s quite a man, John Clay. The grandson of a duke. Went to the most expensive private schools. His head is as quick as his fingers. I’ve been on his trail for years. I’ve never even set eyes on him yet.”“I hope you will meet him tonight,” said Holmes. “Let’s go. Two cabs are waiting outside. You two men take the first cab. Dr. Watson and I will follow in the second.”

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Let's move on now. Now the baby is here.So.Let’s talk about postnatal care就是产后的. First of all, you don't have the idea of月子. 安澜, 听过月子吗? I have heard of that.You don't have the idea at all.No, not at all. Are there any rules about women? Don’t wash your hair, don’t get cold or whatever because you’re vulnerable, you can take a shower immediately.No. You can take a shower immediately. In many cases, they're probably encourage you to take a shower if you've been in labor for quite a long time. Oh, even the medical professionals.Yeah.Okay. And now comes the very, very, very important thing. How long is your maternity leave? New mothers can get 52 weeks of maternity leave. 那就是一年喽, 产假是一年. Yeah, 52 weeks. And how early can you start taking it? You can start 11 weeks before giving birth. So roughly 3 months, the last trimester. And the minimum amount is 2 weeks. What does that mean? Minimum amount, you have to take?You have to take 2 weeks off.Okay.But, generally in the UK, women won't be staying in hospital for that long after giving birth.How long would they stay in a hospital after giving birth?If all is well, if it was a very smooth birth, they could go home after about 6 hours, 6 to 24 hours. I see, if there are no complications and such. So let's get back dial back to the maternity leave. I’m just quite curious about that. When you say 52 weeks, how are the new mothers getting paid? Are they still getting paid? The first 6 weeks are paid at 90% of weekly earnings. The rest of it is paid at ￡172.48. That's so exact for everybody? Yeah, for everyone. Let me calculate, 172 for each week. Okay? They'll be slightly under￡700 per month. Yeah. So it's not a large amount of money. Especially if you were making a lot before. Yeah.I see, do they get anything I know in Scandinavian countries, you actually get like the whole basket of all these baby products, or when you give birth, do you have anything like that?

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Sherlock Holmes still lives in our old rooms at 221B Baker Street. I visited him there one day last autumn.When I entered the room, I saw that Holmes was deep in conversation with a fat old man who had bright red hair.I said sorry for interrupting and tried to leave the room so I can let them speak. But Holmes jumped out of his chair and cried “Come in, Dr. Watson!”. “Meet Mr. J. B. Wilson. Mr. Wilson, this is Dr. Watson. He works with me on many of my cases.” The fat man got up and nodded. Holmes sat back down in his chair. He put his fingers together. (He often does that when he is thinking.) He smiled. “Watson, I know you love strange stories as much as I do. Mr. Wilson here has just started telling his tale. And it’s one of the strangest stories I have ever heard.” Mr. Wilson looked proud as Holmes showed such interest in his story. He pulled a piece of paper out of his coat pocket. “Look at this notice, Dr. Watson,” he said. “You can read it for yourself.”As I took the paper from him, I took another look at Mr. Wilson. He was wearing baggy trousers, a dirty coat, a dark waistcoat with a large watch with a watch chain. Holmes saw me looking at the red-headed man and laughed. “Apart from that he went to China, he has done manual labour and does a lot of writing, there’s not much to say.”Mr. Wilson looked shocked and said, “how on earth did you know all that?”Holmes laughed as he said, “it is very easy Mr. Wilson. The tattoo above your right hand could only have been done in China. Plus, the Chinese coin hanging from your watch chain makes it even easier.”“But manual labour? It is true that I worked on a ship when I was younger.”“Your right hand is much bigger than your left. That shows you often worked with your hands.”“But…but….a lot of writing?”“Your coat’s elbow is very shiny which shows that you rest your arm when you are writing.”“I see”, Mr. Wilson laughed, “I thought you had done something clever but I realized that it was so obvious.”Holmes gave a smile and said, “Maybe, I should not be so honest otherwise no one will ever come to me for help. Watson, can you read out the advert?” “To All Red-headed Men”, I began to read out. “There is a job open at the Red-headed League. The pay is 4 pounds a week. The work is not very hard. To get the job you must have red hair. You must be a man over 21 years old. Come in person on Monday, at 11 o’clock, to 7 Fleet Street. Ask for Duncan Ross.” “What can it mean?” I asked.“Holmes laughed. “It is a little odd, isn’t it? Do tell us more, Mr. Wilson.”“I own a store at Coburg Square,” said Wilson. “It’s a very small place and recently business has not been very good. I used to have two helpers. Now I can pay only one. I can pay him only because he will work for half pay. I don’t know what I would do without him.”“Hmm. A good helper who works for half pay,” said Holmes. “And what is the name of this nice young man?”“Vincent Spaulding,” replied Wilson. “He isn’t that young though. Vincent is very smart, and I know that he could easily get more money if he goes to another shop. But, Vincent does have his problems. He is always down in the basement. He plays with all those cameras of his down there. He is mad about taking photos. But on the whole he’s a very good worker.”

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain under the microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.Now before we start, I just wanna say this is a special episode that we want to dedicate to one of our dearest friends and partners, Jenny.Congratulations, Jenny.可能对于不太了解我们的小伙伴, 不知道我们一个重要的酒馆的合作伙伴, 也是我们的特别好的朋友Jenny 咩咩, 她是刚当上了妈妈, 刚晋升成为妈妈了, congratulations, congratulations!Yeah~Now I thought to dedicate this to her, I thought we can talk about something relating to having babies, although neither 安澜 and I have a kid, I thought we can talk about what having babies is like in the UK.Well. Absolutely.Especially considering a lot of our listeners are Moms or Dads.Yes.I’m pretty sure you'd be curious to compare what it is like having a kid, having a baby in China and having a kid elsewhere.Yes.Like in the UK.Okay. First of all, the biology remains exactly the same.Oh, come on.Let's start from the very beginning. Not from the very beginning. No, not from the very beginning. No, yeah. The conception is... we're not going to talk about that.No, no. Let's kind of just yeah, ok. So, let's talk about a few months. Yeah. Let's talk about prenatal care. First of all, this is a very professional word. It's a medical word, right? Prenatal. So you talk about prenatal and postnatal.Yeah.Natal就是birth.Birth.或者prenatal, before birth, 这种产前的一些各种护理, 然后产后的护理叫postnatal.Postnatal and prenatal. So let's start first of all with prenatal.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Okay, we've talked so much about the word dandy itself and also Beau Brummell, but still I think our listeners probably just can't really imagine in their mind’s eye how a dandy would dress, is it more like you have feather there and really like flamboyant, really out there, all the colors? No.OKAY.In the past, men would wear very bright colors, dandies would focus more on the material, design, and the overall fit of the clothes. They would actually wear dark colors. Oh yes, because before the aristocratic the upper class in Britain or in England would draw influence from the French court where everything's like puffy and bright color and really kind of out there. But...so dandyism actually made it a little bit more sophisticated. Oh yeah. People used to take the time because if you think about it in the past, people didn't really care about their personal hygiene. They didn't wash, because all they had to do was put on a wig, put on something bright, cover themselves in perfume and they're done. Whereas dandies would focus for hours on their hair. They would actually try to make themselves clean and they would focus on just getting the clothes looking just right. So it's... dandies are not trying to look effeminate. They're not trying to look feminine. They try to look like a very sophisticated men. Yeah, and it's the dandies who have had the biggest influence over how men dress nowadays. You know what it reminds me of, I don't know if our listeners have heard of the idea of 绅装. 安澜, have you heard of the Chinese words, 绅士的绅, 服装的装, if you check on Chinese social media or just any of the online store, you check 绅装, you will see lots of the stores, lots of the actual clothes. I think that is very much linked with dandyism. It's just fitted clothes and sort of bespoke, there’s actually a bespoke有一个定制西装的品牌就叫做MR Dandy actually in China. Yeah, I've heard about it. So is that the case. It is, and as I was saying before, the clothes that they wore are the clothes that we wear nowadays. So for example, they made trousers popular for men. OKAY. So what did they use to wear, skirts? They used to wear breeches. Breeches are shorts? Like shorts, with tights. Oh. So those pictures that you see was the French court. Yeah. SO they would have breeches that go down the knees and then they wear tights. 就是那种短裤. 大家看到原来法式宫廷那种puffy breeches, 底下那种紧身裤袜. Sometimes puffy breeches. But most of the time just very well fitted breeches. Oh Yes.of course .of course. So then they started abandoning those, and they started wearing trousers as we see today. Yes. And we talked about cravat became ties and they would wear dark coats which later became blazers. You know All of these stereotypes about British gentlemen how would they dress, it sounds like it started from this whole dandyism. I would say that's where a lot of the modern suit comes from, the whole idea of this is how a man should dress. What about the perfume? Did they change that, I... before it was just to cover the smell. But now they focus on their own personal hygiene more, so they probably use a bit of perfume but not too much. Sounds like a nice way to sort of like to change into, to be honest. Well. I don't have the time, but I do like the idea of men really focusing on how they dress, kind of get in their outfits right making sure that they're wearing kind of clean presentable clothes. I'm not dandy by any stretch of imagination. I would say you're more dandy compared to the average men. I do think a lot about how I dress, yes I do. I probably wouldn't call you metrosexual, 安澜, but you are getting there. Well I don't care about my hair sufficient enough to be metrosexual

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ In Rome there was once a poor slave whose name was Androcles. Androcles was a kind young man but his master was a cruel man, and so unkind to him that Androcles finally ran away.He hid himself in a wild wood far away from Rome for many days; but there was no food to be found. Androcles grew so weak and sick that he thought he would die soon. So, one day he crept into a cave. Androcles was exhausted and weak with hunger. He laid down on a pile of leaves, and soon he was fast asleep.After a while a great noise woke him up. A large, ferocious lion had come into the cave, and was roaring loudly. Androcles was terrified, for he felt sure that the beast would kill and eat him. Soon, however, he saw that the lion was not angry, but that he limped as if his foot hurt him. The lion carefully sat down in the cave staring at Androcles with sad eyes.Then Androcles grew so brave that he took hold of the lion's lame paw to see what was the matter. The lion stood quite still, and rubbed his head against the man's shoulder. He seemed to say,--"I know that you will help me."Androcles lifted the paw from the ground, and saw that it was a long, sharp thorn which hurt the lion so much. He took the end of the thorn in his fingers; then he gave a strong, quick pull, and out it came. The lion first looked in pain but then when he saw that his paw no longer hurt, he was full of joy. He jumped about like a dog, and licked the hands and feet of his new friend.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi 安澜. Hi, lulu. Hi everyone. And welcome back to the studio. Thank you. So how was your holiday? Really really good. Very wet, very cold, there were two storms in the UK, but I stayed at home .Binge eating and binge drinking Pretty much. I think all holidays around the world are pretty much the same, food oriented, family oriented, that's about it. Exactly. When I came back to china, I did find that my clothes were a little bit snug, let's say snug. That's better than saying I’ve got fat. So what are we going to talk about today?As I was struggling to put on my clothes, Okay.I started thinking about something from British history and I started thinking about the dandies. The dandies, the best dressers. 首先解释下 dandies, 你知道在中文里其实不是特别好翻译这个dandy. 我看过直接音译的叫 “丹迪主义”, 我也看过它被翻译成 “绅士”, 或者有一种直接翻译成”纨绔子弟”.翻译是也有点奇怪. Yeah, because a very specific type of men and it's got its own context, historical context. Yeah. I would also say, but even British people and English speakers don't really quite understand what a dandy is or what a dandy was. Well, I guess it's just part of the history. Nowadays nobody really says that, I mean would they say he's such a dandy, you wouldn't say that, would you ? Well, you would say he's such a dandy, but it's always negative. So what does that mean now if you say he's such a dandy. If you say he’s such a dandy, then you are saying he cares too much about his appearance. He worries too much about how he looks, how he dresses. It has the connotation of he's acting a little bit girly.okay, 精致男那种感觉, but you know let's dive in history and let's go back to the origin of these words and then let's start from there. Okay. So I would say first of all, that what a dandy originally was is very different to what we perceive them as today (okay). I would say that dandies were the original metrosexual men. Metrosexual. For our listeners you probably heard of heterosexual, homosexual, sapiosexual, but what is metrosexual? Do you know back in university when I was doing my translation degree, (yeah) we actually had this huge discussion, two-hour discussion as in how to translate the word metrosexual. It’s a difficult word to translate.Metro means metropolitan right? (yeah) City, urban life; and sexual, just sexual. Metrosexual的那个意思, 我们最后决定把它翻译成“都市欲男”或者”都市花美男”.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ This one will probably take more of a toll on your mental health, and also possibly your physical health, it’s called Naked Attraction.Okay. Is it restricted? It sounds like it's R or Triple-X, it's not adult content, is it? Let me tell you what happens and you can be the judge. Okay.It's a dating show.Called naked attraction? Where a fully clothed person is surrounded by six naked people in a booth. And their bodies and faces are gradually revealed with the chooser then getting naked themselves. I'm sorry this just sounds pornographic. Is quite pornographic and it actually got a lot of complaints because of this.Mhm.And the whole idea is for the people to find each other and then they go on a date, fully clothed.Are you sure you didn't mistake? You know. Like those adult sites you've been visiting? I checked this on wikipedia, I checked this online and this is what happened.And this is allowed to be shown on TV. Very late at night.But still...I know.Wow. And then the winner goes on fully closed dates. Well yeah. I think that's the prize. They could go on a naked date, but you know it's gonna be awkward in a restaurant.Whoever thought of this and have been watching too much porn I think. Yeah.Yeah, okay. But they're bound to be some reality shows that you can get on board with. I think.Well, if you don't really wanna see lots of naked people or watch a reality show that's around murder or sex, then you can always watch the great British bake off. We go from the extreme pornographic to the extreme wholesome.Yes.Fun for the whole family. Bake off. 一旦有什么off, 就是一个it's a battle.Yeah.Like dance off. Dance off, Bake off, Cook off. So it's a baking competition. It's a baking competition. The great British Bake off. I've heard this for years, it has been around for some time. It's been around since 2010. Wow~And it's a baking competition where judges go round tasting cakes.Sounds fun. I watched that.Yeah. Some of the winners actually become really famous and they become bakers and…Celebrity.celebrity bakers themselves. And this is actually what caused a massive interest in baking in the UK; and during the pandemic, lots of British people started to …Bake stuff.bake stuff. They start to get into baking.Same here, same in China. I think it's because the baking materials and ingredients are so much easier to get than like fresh ingredients that you have to get for everyday cooking. The baking you have flour powders and all that you can store, but the vegetables, you can't.That's it. So obviously 3 years of pandemic really boosted the show's rating. Oh yeah, very much. So. Do you ever watch cooking shows or baking shows?Emm, not really, not really, the one that I like to watch.This is going to be the boring stuff. It's not boring. Okay. There's not much violence or sex in it. It's called The Repair Shop. Are you serious? It even sounds boring. It's called The Repairs Shop. 就是修理店. Please don't tell me this is just a repairman fixing stuff.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment 【It means what?】Yeah~安澜, this is going to be a very interesting word that we're going to talk about today. Okay.欢迎回来我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】. In this segment, we will bring you interesting origin stories of some of the most common words and phrases. So today we're going to talk about the word “companion”.Yes.I know a lot of Chinese learners they like to say “I want to accompany you to do something” 我陪你去做什么事情. Yeah, I've noticed that. Yeah. It doesn't sound very natural.No. We wouldn't say accompany someone. If we say something like the best translation for like “陪”, I would say it's like “spend time with”. Or “keep you company”.Or “keep you company”. 但不管是company还是accompany, 都和这个词有点关系, 就是companion. Yes.也就是同伴这么一个意思, 就是可以陪伴你的人. Sometimes we also say pets are our companion.Well. Exactly.It's someone you spend time with.That's it.Where does this word come from? Because it's very different from like friends or family.Well. Yeah, it's actually from two words, two Latin words. “Com” I think you can probably recognize what that means.“Com” is, I think in Latin used to be written as “c” “u” “m”? Yeah, or like “c” “o” “m”. “c” “u” “m”, “c” “o” “m”, which means “with” “together”. Yeah. So combine example.Companion前面这个com, 它的意思有“和”, 就是 with, 在一起的这个意思. And “panion”? It comes from the Latin word “panis”.“penis”?Not that. Oh, “panis”.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain under the microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.So 安澜 you just got back from the UK, what you’ve been doing apart from binge eating and binge drinking? Well, same as everyone during Christmas, watching TV, being with family. I didn't even know you watch TV. I thought you just watch really old movies. I do sometimes watch TV, I do sometimes. So what kind of TV do you watch, soap opera? No. My mom does. I don't. What else?Well. I would say the things that we really just can't escape from in the UK, which are reality shows.真人秀. That's exactly the same as in China. I think that's pretty much exactly the same anywhere in the world at the moment. People are so fascinated with reality shows and those of you who are listening to this episode, I'm pretty sure you have watched reality shows, sometimes maybe not even realizing it's a reality show. Yeah.Reality show I think by definition is just any show without a script. Yeah, but I would say reality shows have become so specific now. I know some really bad reality shows. I know some terrible ones which are exactly the ones that we’re gonna talk about. So I know a lot of you watch like综艺节目, actually they say variety show like综艺节目, but they're not variety shows.No.There are more reality shows.Yeah.And today we're going to talk about popular, trashy, bad, good reality shows in the UK and you can compare to some of the reality shows that you watch in China. Some of these you might have already watched. Emm. Okay. And the whole trend started at least 20 years ago. Well, yeah. Around the early 2000s, you had shows like Big Brother and Survivor that came from the US. Yeah. I was gonna say Survivor is from the US. Big Brother is just like the bunch of people living in the same house?Yeah. With cameras everywhere. Oh. Hence big brother, they’re being watched, monitored the entire time.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment【It means what? 】Yeah~I'm not convinced.Okay.欢迎回来我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】. In this segment, we bring you some of the very interesting origin stories of words and phrases. So the word for today is a word, I'm sure a lot of people have heard of, this is the word ‘candidate’. Oh. Yes. Like presidential candidate.PhD candida

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来行闲话英伦, Hi 安澜。Hi, Lulu, hi everyone. Now as we are recording this, we're in October after the National (Day), so basically we've used up all of the public holidays of the year. Yeah, that is true, (YEAH) but look on the bright side at least it's better than it would be in the UK. What do you mean? Well, the last public holiday in the UK was in August and our next public holiday is the end of December. SO 4 months without any public holiday. That's right. Is that our topic today? Public holidays in the UK. YEAH. I thought, you know we’ve talked about Christmas, we’ve talked about Halloween which instead is not a public holiday. So I thought would be a good idea just to talk about public holidays in general. Yeah. I guess knowing that you guys have even fewer public holidays did make me feel better. In the UK there's only eight public holidays. 只有8个公众假日? Do you mean public holiday days or eight different public... because you know some of our public holidays are... 8 public holiday days. Throughout the year?Well, in England. if you go to Scotland and you go to Wales, they actually have slightly more public holidays than we have in England. You only have 8 days. That's right. Does that include Christmas? YES.If I remember correctly, Christmas is not just one day, it's a... Christmas eve? Not Christmas eve. Christmas eve is a workday.You have Christmas day and you have Boxing day. Christmas eve is not a holiday?No. So technically you still have to work. You still have to work. But most companies they'll let you finish a little bit earlier. 安澜, did you hear that this year there's gonna be a change in China, I think. They just announced the New Year's Eve is not going to be a public holiday this year. Really?

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to one of your favorite segments 【The sound of musicals】欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver.Hello.So today we’re gonna continue to talk about Wicked.Yes. We're gonna keep going. And you did the impossible, in the last episode by summarizing a brief summary of the story. There's a lot to it.Of a very long story.It is. It is. I think it's only fair that I take the lead in this part as we move on to talk about the themes because there are a lot of themes and quite powerful themes, really all the way through this musical Wicked.Yeah. It's one of those things, isn't it? Like on the surface. It's still quite lighthearted. It's probably based on a children's book.But there are many big themes, heavy themes.There are, yeah, definitely, there's a quite a few things to talk about. I mean, the most obvious one straight away is good versus evil. This idea of is someone completely good and somebody else completely evil in any situation. It's one of the most obvious ones I feel.Yeah. Hence the name Wicked, wicked means evil, right?Yeah. It does. It means evil, not very nice, maybe not completely evil, but certainly they do bad things. Yeah.So Oliver, do you think Wicked - it does - because obviously Elphaba is called or tagged as the Wicked Witch of the West? What do you think of Elphaba the character? I don't think she is wicked at all. I think that the way that the musical shows her is she did do a lot of things with good intentions. That's the thing. To be evil and wicked, you have to have bad intentions. And I don't feel that Elphaba did. I feel that she was trying to make the best of a situation in a way. And, it didn't go her way, which is a little bit tragic really, it's quite sad that these things as they unfolded turned against her.There was a lot of discussion about whether good intentions but still bad ending. Does that make you wicked? Does that make you good?

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone and happy new year. 一年前的今天, 我们在新年特辑里讲到了new year resolution新年的决心. In this episode, Lulu is gonna walk you through some very interesting and natural expressions to do with starting and beginning. We're also going to look at some inspiring quotes about new beginnings. Let's get started. To talk about the word “start”. It's usually about something new, exciting. For example, start up a new company. Nowadays you look around, there's so many startups. 初创公司就被叫做startup. And in English, when you say start a family, it doesn't mean getting married. It actually means having a child. For example, a married couple would say we're planning to start a family next year. That means they are ready to have a baby. But apart from these basics, there are many idioms in English with the word “start”. The first one is a fresh start, to get off to a fresh start. This means everything's new, everything's exciting. For example, you might say I'm excited to get off to a fresh start with my new job. 新工作, 全新的开始. Same can be said about new relationships, new homes, a new stage in your life or a brand new year. In comparison to a fresh start, we can also have a head start. Getting a head start means to get ahead of schedule or to start before other people. To have a head start. 有抢得先机或者提前做某件事的意思. For instance, the report isn't due until next Friday, but I'm going to get a head start on it by doing some research over the weekend. The report isn't due until next Friday, but I'm going to get a head start on it by doing some research over the weekend. Although getting a head start is a great attitude, it is a huge Challenge for a procrastinator like me. 如果你也和璐璐一样, 是个procrastinator拖延症患者, a head start might be a bit of a Challenge to you. In addition to fresh start and head start, you also hear the expression, jump start or kick start. Sounds very vibrant, doesn't it？You have jump and kick. Actually to jump start originally means to jump start a car that is connecting the car to another car's battery using cables in order to restart it. 其实jump star的原意是指一辆汽车上电池没电了, 发动不了, 就可以用两根电缆线把没有电的电池和另一辆车上的好电池相连, 帮助这辆车启动. 这个就叫做 jump start. You might have seen it in TV shows and movies a lot. In day to day speech when you say jump start something or kick start something. It means to put things in motion, especially if they were previously stopped or slow. For example, this seasonal promotion might help jump start sales again. 这一季的推广活动应该可以刺激销售额重新增长. This seasonal promotion might help jump start sales again. As for kick start. An example would be we need to find ways to kick start this project, 要想办法启动这个项目. Actually, I once mentioned in the buzzword segment, there is a website called kick starter, which is a crowd funding website that helps fund creative projects. 之前我在buzzword里面也提到过, 其实有一家很有名的支持创意项目的众筹网站, 就叫做 kick starter. So far we have talked about fresh start, head start, kick start, jump start. And perhaps a more common expression you would hear in day to day speech is to start over. If you start over, it means you begin again. Usually because the past wasn't so great, you experienced some difficulty, some challenges, mistakes or even failures. You might say she is planning to start over after her divorce and move on with her life. 离婚之后她计划重新开始自己的人生. Actually nowadays it is getting rather common for people to start over later in their life. And that I find to be really inspirational. I guess it's never too late to start over. As long as you have enough determination. Sometimes people would also say they want to start over with a clean slate, a clean slate. It's like a blank board. Basically, everything has been erased. Clean slate 白板一块, 其实就是零过去, 重新开始.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone and welcome back to one of your favorite segments, the Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来 , 你们最喜欢的板块之一, 曲外之音. Hello, Oliver. Hello. So welcome back to the show. And since I have been proposing some of the musicals, so now it's your turn. Which one would you pick? Well. I've got a couple of questions actually, before we begin, my first question is, do you like witches and magic and things like that? Oh. I love witches.They're pretty good.Wizardry witchcraft. My thing, that's totally my territory. Okay, okay, what about if I give you some characters? Could you tell me the show that they're from? Do you think?Okay. InterestingHow about a lion, a scarecrow, a tin man. Any ideas? Ah, we're gonna talk about Wicked. Yeah.Wicked. Wicked. So Wicked中文名叫魔法坏女巫. It sounds like a child's show, but it's actually not. Wicked is a musical based on a novel of the same name, which was published in 1995. But this story is actually based on an older novel, and the film named The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. 很多人应该听过中文名叫绿野仙踪或者奥兹国或者Oz国历险记. Oliver, let me ask you the original story, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, how popular, how well known it is in English-speaking culture?It is incredibly popular. I am certainly the movie is, I think it's one of the most watched movies, it's up there in the what most watched movies of all time category. It is so popular, certainly in the UK, I'd imagine in the US as well. And probably all around the world. The characters - easy to kind of get along, to understand that easy to like and it's got a very clear, good, bad type of type of vibe to it. So everyone can kind of support the hero and against the evil wicked witch. Yeah. Did you watch or read it as a child? I have watched the movie. I watched it a few times as a child, but I’ve never read the book. The book is a new one for me. Okay. So the original book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, follows a Kansas farm girl named Dorothy. And I'm sure many of you recognize the name Dorothy陶乐丝或者陶乐西. And so, she's just an ordinary farm girl, but one day she ends up in a magical Land of Oz after she and her pet dog Toto are swept away from their home by a cyclone. Yeah. Dorothy, Toto and their house all get taken away in a big tornado or cyclone or something and placed in this magical world with talking scarecrows and Tin Man, robots and lions who are terrified of everything, cowardly lions and it's very very good. Yeah, and she was trying desperately to get back home. And she ran into a lot of adventures. It sounds almost like very similar to the whole idea of Alice in Wonderland. It does feel very similar to that, yes, getting a young girl lost in a magical world just trying to get home. Yeah, so apart from those characters that Oliver just mentioned, the Lion, the Scarecrow, and the Tin Woodman. They're also the Wicked Witch and the Good Witch and the Wizard of Oz. 这里面还讲到什么坏女巫, 好女巫. If you have read the book or watched the movie, I'm sure you know which ones I’m talking about. But this musical, interestingly, is told from the perspective of the two witches, it's not focusing on Dorothy at all. No. Wicked takes the original story of The Wizard of Oz and it flips it around. It happens, I've seen it happening a lot in movies and things nowadays.The movie Magnificent did something similar where the evil traditionally evil character, we see the story from their point of view and from their perspective and it's not quite what we assumed it was. And Wicked, does it very well.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to 【It Means What? 】 Yeah.Thank you, 安澜. Every time. 欢迎大家回到我们的新板块【词源考古研究所】. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.So 安澜, if I ask you about the hottest topic in the world of technology, what do you think it would be? Well.Two letters.It is gotta be AI.Yes.And to talk about AI就说到人工智能的话, of course, we need to talk about robots.Yes.机器人. I know a lot of you probably have trouble pronouncing that word, although it's very easy, but I've heard many mispronunciations.So for American pronunciation, you would pronounce it Robot [ˈroʊˌbɑt], and British pronunciation?We will say robot [ˈrəʊbɒt].Roughly the same.Yeah, but it doesn't really matter, because it's not an English word anyway.Oh. Is it not?Nope. It actually comes from Czech.就是捷克, 捷克语. Was it also robot in Czech? In Czech, it’s - there's a word “robota”.Robota, let me guess, this gotta be a word related to machine, automation, technological advances, all of those fancy things.No, it means forced labor, slave or serf.What?That's what it means.Okay. Forced labor, 强制劳动, slave奴隶Yeah.Serf我记得的话s-e-r-f对吧? Yeah. That's right.是农奴的意思. Yeah. That's what it means.By the way, what is the difference between a serf and a slave?Well. Serfs were like slaves, as they were forced to stay on the land where they lived. But serfs were part of the land. If they were sold, it's normally with land.And they had some rights.Yeah, they have some very basic rights.But they had to pay for every one of those rights, if I remembered correctly.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. And then the unemployment what you call it the Dole.Yeah in spoken English we will call it the Dole. But if you actually see it in governments, notice it is called jobseekers’ allowance.Jobseekers’ allowance, I like the positivity instead of unemployment allowance.Yeah, the idea is that you only getting that money because you're looking for a job as opposed to live in unemployment benefit.I see, I see. So, you pay one contribution into national insurance, and that covers medical, that covers maternity, that covers pension, and that also covers unemployment.So, it pretty much covers everything. And this was first introduced in 1911. So it's been around for a very long time and it's paid by everybody who is earning over£242 a week.A week. Okay, so that's roughly about £1,000 a month then over that. But I suppose it's roughly the same - is the equivalent as the personal allowance threshold, the tax threshold like£12,000.Yeah, and this is something you start paying at the age of 16.So even when I was doing part-time jobs, I probably wouldn't have paid income tax, but I would still have to pay national insurance contributions.Do you have to pay the same amount of national insurance, no matter how much money you make? No, it still has its own brackets. So it's 12% of your weekly earnings between£242 and £967. And it's then 2% of your weekly earnings above£967.I see. So you have again the brackets for people with different levels of income.Yeah. And everybody in the UK, every British citizen and people who are working in the UK are given a national insurance number.This is how you pay into and also access national insurance.Yeah, yeah. So every time I fill out tax return or I fill out any paperworks, I have to add my national insurance number.I see. When you go to the doctors, is that also the one that you show? No, you don't have to show it. There's another number, an NHS number to access medical, national insurance is basically a way of calculating how much you've paid.So, for example, I've lived in China for many years now. What I do is I pay voluntary contributions.Voluntary means they don't force you to do it, but you choose to do it.I choose to do it, because this is important to get a state pension.So, let me get this straight. So, if you are a British person, a British national living overseas, working overseas, you don't have to pay national insurance in the UK.No.But if you don't, then you won't get the state pension.Exactly. So both men and women at the moment, they get their pension at 66.66. Wow.66, yeah. It's probably gonna go up very, very soon. And what you have to do is you have to pay for 35 years in order to get the full amount.35 years. I think this is much longer than in China.Yeah. Now the good thing is that paying voluntary contributions is not really that expensive. It's only about £700 or £800 a year.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.So, the topic I'm going to propose today, well, I say “I propose” is actually from one of our fans.Oh, brilliant.So she proposed this topic, because she was recently hired by this company, and she's dealing with all these social insurance tax deduction “五险一金” thing.Okay. Oh, dear. I can imagine that's very complicated.And she wanted us to talk about what it's like in the UK.Okay.But first things first, 安澜, you know the idea of “五险一金”, right? Well, to be perfectly honest, I probably understand the Chinese system more than I do the British system.Of course. Because fair enough, you have been working in China for all these years.Yeah, exactly.You have to pay all of those as well.Yes.But for those of you who are still students or you don't really know that much about 五险一金, let me give you a very quick crash course.咱们说的五险一金包括五险是养老保险, This is like the pension, 医疗保险, medical insurance, 失业保险, unemployment insurance, 工伤保险, work-related injury insurance and生育保险, maternity insurance.一金就是住房公积金housing fund. Yes.安澜, you don't have housing fund, do you?No. I don't have housing fund. I don't think I actually have to pay housing fund because as a foreigner.You don’t have access.I don't have access. Okay. So that's a little bit of introduction to our 五险一金. Now before we get into the UK system, I assume that the basic concept is the same, like pay, there's the idea of gross pay. And there’s the idea of net pay也有这种税前税后的概念. Yeah. So gross pay is your full pay before tax and that's normally what is advertised when you apply for a job. That's normally what's written on your contract. Your net pay is your take-home pay.Oh, you call it take-home pay.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hello again欢迎来到Happy Hour英文小酒馆。关注公众号璐璐的英文小酒馆，加入我们的酒馆社群，邂逅更精彩更广阔的世界In olden times, when if you made a wish, it would always come true, there lived a king whose daughters were all beautiful, but the youngest was so beautiful that the sun itself, which has seen so much, was astonished whenever it shone in her face. Close by the king’s castle lay a great dark forest, and under an old tree in the forest was a well. When the day was very warm, the king’s child went out into the forest and sat down by the side of the cool fountain, and when she was bored, she took a golden ball, and threw it up on high and caught it, and this ball was her favourite toy. Now it so happened that the princess’ golden ball fell on to the ground beyond and rolled straight into the well. The king’s daughter followed it with her eyes, but it vanished, and the well was deep - so deep that the bottom could not be seen. She began to cry and cried louder and louder. As she was complaining, someone said to her, “Why are you so upset, king’s daughter?” She looked around to the side from where the voice came, and saw a frog stretching forth its thick, ugly head from the water. “Ah! Is it you who just spoke to me?” Said she. “I am crying because my golden ball has fallen into the well.” “Do not cry,” answered the frog, “I can help you, but what will you give me if I bring your golden ball back?” “Whatever you will have, dear frog,” said she. "My clothes, my pearls and jewels, and even my golden crown." The frog answered, “I do not care for your clothes, your pearls and jewels, or your golden crown, but if you will love me and let me be your friend, and sit with you, and eat with you, and play with you. If you promise me this, I will go down below, and bring you back your golden ball.” “Oh yes,” said she, “I promise, if you will bring me my ball back again.” She however, thought, “How silly this frog is! He lives in the water with the other frogs, and can’t spend time with humans!” But the frog, when he had heard this promise, put his head into the water and sank down, and in a short while came swimming up again with the ball in his mouth, and threw it on the grass. The king’s daughter was delighted to see her pretty toy once more, picked it up, and ran away with it. “Wait, wait,” said the frog. “Take me with you. I can’t run as fast as you.” But all he could do was croak loudly. She did not listen to it, but ran home and soon forgot the poor frog, who was forced to go back into his well again. The next day when she sat herself down for dinner with the king and all the courtiers, and as she was eating from her golden plate, something came creeping splish splash, splish splash, up the marble staircase, and when it had got to the top, it knocked at the door and cried, “Princess, open the door for me.” She ran to see who was outside, but when she opened the door, there sat the frog in front of it. Then she quickly slammed the door and sat down to dinner again, and was quite frightened. The king saw that she was absolutely terrified and said, “My child, what are you scared of? Is there some monster outside who wants to carry you away?” “Ah, no,” replied she. “It is no monster but a disgusting frog.” “What does a frog want with you?” “Ah, father, yesterday as I was in the forest sitting by the well, playing, my golden ball fell into the water. And because I cried so much, the frog brought it out again for me, and I promised him he should be my companion, but I never thought he would be able to come out of his water! And now he is outside there, and wants to come in.” In the meantime, it knocked a second time, and cried, “Princess! Open the door for me! You promised me!”

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain under the microscope.欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜。Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.Now let's use a magnifying glass and go into these stately homes or manor houses and look at the rooms and also look at the servants.Absolutely.So, what is a typical country house? All that I know it’s huge.Yes.There will be lots of bedrooms. There will probably be a drawing room.Hang on a minute. I always wondered this, what is a drawing room? It's not for people to actually draw there.No, no. In ordinary houses, it's like a living room. But a drawing room is probably a little bit more formal, so you'd have living rooms or drawing rooms. So, some would be for guests, some would just be for the family themselves.I don't know if I remember this correctly, when I first visited Buckingham Palace, there's a drawing room there.Yeah.So that is a very typical thing for those huge like palaces or huge houses.Exactly. So you have different types of drawing rooms. So, some were more formal, some were a little bit less formal.But it's the living space.It's the living space.就跟我们的客厅一样, 只不过是 much much bigger.Yeah. In big houses, in the UK now, you might see we don't call them drawing rooms anymore, but you might see there's like a guest living room where if people come to visit your home, you might entertain them in there.But normally at the back or in another room, there’s a room where you would spend time just as a family.I see. I see. I'm sure there's like the normal the usual dining room.Dining room, libraries, studies, a gallery for art as well.Yes, because they would collect pieces, wouldn’t they? Yeah. Of course, there will be servant quarters as well.Servant quarters which is usually the downstairs part.Yeah. It's the bedrooms for the servants.Umm, 就这种upstairs, downstairs.Exactly.我们之前聊到过的就是在英国那种老的大宅子里面, 等级森严的, 有所谓的楼上楼下upstairs, downstairs, upstairs for the lord and lady.And downstairs for the servants. Apart from that there would normally be huge gardens, land for farming, as well as conservatories and something called an orangery.Actually, just put orangery aside, which is a word I've never heard until this topic. Even conservatories, I think it's difficult for a lot of people to understand, or I don't think they've heard about this before. I only got to know the word conservatory when I was looking at the house listing, the real estate listings in the UK. Conservatory, 如果你是在英国租房或者买房的话, 你就会经常看到这个词, 就what is a conservatory? A conservatory is almost like a type of greenhouse. It's a room that is part of the garden. So, it's normally mostly glass. People would have plants in there, people would sit in there, particularly if it's not a very nice day. So it's like being in the garden, but without being cold and wet.所以就有点像半温室, 但有点半阳光房的那种感觉。There are places for people who sit and enjoy the garden。Exactly, when it's a bit too cold to enjoy the garden.Yeah. What is an orangery? Is not a place just for oranges, is it?It is.Okay.Well. Oranges and lemons. So, you have to think in the 17th 18th century oranges, pineapples, lemons were incredibly expensive. So some rich people, what they used to do was create an orangery. So, they could grow this type of fruit that comes from Italy and other hotter places.So they need a greenhouse for that sort of thing.Yeah. Exactly. And it used to be part of the decoration.Interesting, little bit of the tropical paradise that you guys were like aspiring to have.Exactly. You have to think that most of these rich people, they would travel to Italy and France when they were young, and they used to bring things back.Yeah, I can totally see the charm of that. So that's about the anatomy of the house itself.Now let's talk about the servant quarter....

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain under the microscope.欢迎回来【闲话英伦】Hi, 安澜。Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone.Hi everyone. You sound a bit nasal.I've got a little bit of a cold.Okay. I suppose it adds a different type of charm.Yeah. And it's a good thing. It's audio, I don't look that great at the moment.All right. So, chitchat aside, let us get into today's topic. You know, when a lot of Chinese people when they think about British or English drama就很多人看英剧的时候, I think they start with, you know, what you call it? Big houses, servants, lords, ladies…Yeah. Kind of like sort of period drama.对, 你们管那个叫period drama, 有点时代剧那个意思。So for example when I was watching Downtown Abbey.Yes.唐顿庄园. And also some episodes of Miss Marple like Agatha Christie's, 阿婆的一些都是这种大庄园里面。Yes. So it’s that time, it's the early 20th century. It's the era of the manor house.I thought today let's focus on that. What did you say? You called them Manor houses. Well. There's lots of different names for them. You can call the manor houses, country houses or stately homes.Manor is m-a-n-o-r.Yeah.What does that mean “Manor”? Well. The manor was basically the big house and the land around it.就是一个像庄园这种感觉。对吧Yeah. So, we would still say, for example, the lord or lady of the manor.By the way, statistically and realistically, how many British people still live or still own that type of manor houses?Very very very very few.It's not just, I mean just being rich, is not enough, is it?No.据我所知, 他好像是要有什么原来的那种贵族aristocrats。Well. You get some rich people that they do buy these big houses, they probably don't own much of the land around them. But the thing is - incredibly expensive to keep. And normally if you're looking at more of a traditional manor house, it comes with a lot of responsibilities.Responsibilities? I thought that's just a private home, you just take care of it like we do to our houses or flats.No, traditionally being the lord of the manor means that you have very close ties to the village, because the land is so big or it was so big that they would have its own little industries, it would have its own farms. And, it comes with a lot of responsibilities for the villagers, the people who live nearby.Oh, that's why. I'm sure a lot of you when you are watching TV shows like Downtown Abbey think about Lord Grantham.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to our new segment. It means what？Yeah. OK, your YEAH is getting less passionate. Anyhow欢迎回来我们的新板块词源考古研究所. Hi, 安澜. Hi, 璐璐. Hi, everyone. So let me propose the word of the day. Okay. This is a word that - well basically will bring up some painful memory of the past 3 years. Okay. So, you know it has something to do with pandemic. Yeah. Is this something we probably all got? And that is the word vaccine. Oh yes. Vaccine or vaccination. 就是接种疫苗, 对吧？疫苗. I'm pretty sure you all got vaccinated. Well, for COVID. Oh, yeah, yeah, I got vaccinated quite a few times, actually I think now.Me too, me too. But I've always wondered, although we've talked about vaccination and all the relevant words and expressions in other episodes. But where does this word even come from? Vaccine? Is it medically originated?No, it's actually a Latin word and it comes from the word for cow. Cow like mooooooo, cow. Moo, cow. Vacca.所以是拉丁文的牛的意思. I fail to see the connection between modern medicine or medical treatment and moo cows. Well, we just call them cows in English. If you call them moo cows, it sounds a little bit stupid. Okay, thank you. That's alright. But I'm pretty sure there's interesting background story. Well yeah. And it all comes from when vaccines were first invented. So, this was in the 18th century and a British scientist named Edward Jenner. Now Edward Jenner was a doctor as well as a scientist. And he noticed something quite strange. That June that time, when smallpox was everywhere.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Welcome back to geek time. We're gonna be talking about cryptocurrency for the advanced lesson. Hey, what's going on? Lulu?Well, I'm prepared to be even more confused.Hahaha. Don't worry. I think this might be easier.Yeah, in the previous episode, we were talking about how cryptocurrency has no central authority or central regulatory bodies to really oversee it. For me, that just sounds like a problem waiting to happen, really sounds like troubles. Because definitely, some people are gonna use it for criminal activities, you know.Exactly. That's one of the things that a lot of people talk about cryptocurrency is the fact that it's connected to crime, which is - you can say that for just about any currency, but cryptocurrency is like the major tool for criminals who are online.Because there's no regulatory body. There's anonymity. Just really a hotbed for a crime.Right. You've like - we've talked about the Silk Road before.Emm. Dark web.Yeah. Using the dark web that are connected to buy and sell goods. All those goods are sold or bought with cryptocurrencies.Because it's much harder to track and to trace.Yeah. It's nowadays the markets are trying to get people to have their name connected to their wallet, but not every market requires that.And so, there is a bunch of people out there that have cryptocurrencies that have just a wallet with no name attached to it.Yeah. Because that was the original aim, that was the original meaning of cryptocurrency, right? They don't want a centralized authority to control all these money transfers. Would there be a lot of money laundering in cryptocurrency?Yeah. Like cryptocurrency, just in like 2021 alone, there was something like $8.6 billion of money laundered using cryptocurrency. That's not even the beginning, like every year that happens, there is other issues involved with cryptocurrency. When you have so much crypto, you can actually use that to affect or inflate the market. You have people that have large sums of cryptocurrency, not only are they using it to launder money, but they are actually able to increase the value of the currency they have, by just selling it to each other for the same amount of money, which increases the amount of trades, which makes people think that it's worth more, and then people buy it for more.Oh, okay. I think I've heard of this. This is called wash trades, right?Right. It happens on the stock market too, gold markets, but it's rampant and in some markets with like cryptocurrency.Yeah. So, it's the whole idea is I have some cryptocurrency, I just sell it to you, you sell it back to me, I sell it to you, you sell it back to me. And so, by doing that we're trying to make it seem that large amount of this cryptocurrency is traded on the market, therefore inflating the value of it.Right.I think the other problem with cryptocurrency is a lot of people obviously use it for speculation. So, like really really - like gambling.Right. Just like buying stock, you want the value to go up. People are investing money in the cryptocurrencies. And when you see like the increase in like the value of Bitcoin over the years, went from something that was worth pennies to being worth thousands of dollars. I think it's worth $30,000 now, and it’s worth $60,000 I think at the beginning of the year something around there.And so, people can take a small investment and make their investment increase 10 times or maybe even a hundred times their original investment.It's a market for gamblers. However, like we talked about last time, most of these cryptocurrency, they do not really have the staying power. They will not be able to really maintain that high value over long term or keep growing. It's very volatile to go up and down fluctuate wildly. Mhm. Yeah, when we look at just like we mentioned Dogecoin earlier, but you could have like five Dogecoin for a penny in 2020. But ...

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to geek time. Hi, Brad. Hi, Lulu. So what is our topic for today?We're gonna be talking about cryptocurrency. We kind of talked about NFTs before. And NFTs kind of share a basic background with cryptocurrency, but we haven't really gotten into cryptocurrency before. So I think this is where we can kind of get into it. Yeah. This is where everything started basically. First of all, cryptocurrency在中文叫加密货币. I think many people think of cryptocurrency, they think of Bitcoin 比特币 or even Dogecoin 狗狗币. But what exactly is cryptocurrency?Oh, cryptocurrency is just a currency that doesn't have a central government or authority controlling it. So when you have your dollar, your Renminbi, someone had to print that or control the amount of it. And rather than that, It’s usually the central bank, isn't it?Like the central bank. But rather than that, this is something that's online. And there's like a digital ledger that has a list of everyone who has bought or sold the currency. And so they know who has what and this can be like anonymous. And that's why a lot of people really wanted it. But nowadays a lot of the exchanges are kind of starting to collect your personal data for tax purposes and things like that. I see. so let me slow this down a little bit. There's no central authority. 一般来说我们生活中接触的货币, 不管是人民币或者说美金日元, 它都是由central bank一般都是央行来发行的, but cryptocurrency essentially there is no authority, no central authority, no government involved, and no regulatory bodies, 没有这种监管的机构. So It's just everything stored in a ledger. You said像一个账本, a digital ledger. Right.And some people can be anonymous. They can - you don't know who they are. They're just an account number, but others might have to register. They might have to have their personal data there. Yeah, so oftentimes if you're looking at the blockchain, you may not be able to know who the person is. But if you go to like, for example, the government will know who this person is because they've signed up for an exchange and that exchange has tied their account number to their nameI see and you mentioned blockchain. This was one of the hottest buzzwords a few years back, blockchain, 区块链. Till this day I still don't know exactly what blockchain is, but I know this is the technology behind cryptocurrency, right? Blockchain made cryptocurrency possible. Yeah, it is basically just all the data. Blockchain is the ledger. You have to decrypt and encrypt all the data. So whenever someone buys or sells something using the cryptocurrency or whenever cryptocurrency is traded, it has to go through authorization and they have to run the blockchain. In order to do this, they're using hundreds of computers or thousands of computers and they go through a process that's referred to as mining. So sounds you're like mining for gold. And essentially, that's what you're doing by using your computer to help the blockchain process. You're going to get some sort of payment. Let me stop you there. So mining here就是挖矿. It's like you are mining for gold or mining for diamonds. And this is a way to make money in this cryptocurrency world?Yeah. because rather than have - like a government doing all the mining or regulation, everyone is pitching in to do the regulation or to do the mining to move the data or to move the currency from one person to another. Oh, I see it's like a community thing almost. I've heard of people doing the mining, 其实我自己朋友圈里面也有人去参与这种cryptocurrency的挖矿.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Once upon a time, in the medieval city of Coventry in England, there lived a kind and compassionate woman named Lady Godiva. She was the wife of Lord Leofric, a powerful and wealthy nobleman. Lady Godiva was known for her generosity and love for the people of Coventry, but her husband, Lord Leofric, was a stern ruler who declared heavy taxes on the citizens.The people of Coventry suffered under the burden of these taxes, and their pleas to reduce taxes were ignored by the greedy ruler. Lady Godiva, however, felt sorry for all the struggles of the common people. Lady Godiva argued and argued with her husband from dawn to night, trying to persuade him to reduce taxes for the people of Coventry. Lady Godiva thought of new ways to raise money and even said she would write to the king. Unfortunately, Lord Leofric was stubborn and refused to reduce taxes.In the end, Lady Godiva lost her patience and she made a bold and strange proposal to her husband. She said that she would ride through the streets of Coventry, completely naked, if he would reduce taxes and help end the suffering of the people. Lord Leofric was shocked that she would even suggest this but eventually agreed to her terms. Leofric knew how shy his wife was so he was confident that she would never go through with riding naked through the city. The people of Coventry soon heard about Lady Godiva's promise which spread like wildfire through the city. The citizens were grateful for any hope of relief from their taxes and they waited for the day of her ride. Lady Godiva, determined to fulfill her promise and alleviate the suffering of the people, prepared for the ride.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. Let me propose a topic today.Okay.You know, all my time dealing with you.Thank you.And other British people in general.Yeah.Again, I’m not trying to stereotype. And with all due respect.Okay.I do feel like British people have this tendency to be quite sarcastic in their speech. Emm, would you agree?I would say yes, to a certain extent.对。就是，英国人说话的时候很喜欢反讽,就很喜欢说一些反话。安澜，你知道中文里管这个叫什么吗？不是阴阳吗？对，就是，你还知道阴阳啊，这个不错。我们有时候开玩笑就说：“老阴阳人了”。Really.See， there we go.Okay.You can't even control it. So, I thought in today's episode, let us do a few phrases that British people would usually say, but they don't mean what they seem to mean.Okay.I think we did something quite similar in one of our live streaming episodes.Yeah. We actually did an entire life streaming like a pop quiz thing of you quizzing me on all these read between the lines, the hidden meaning of British sarcasm. Ok.So, today we give this quiz to you.So, see if you can understand the hidden meaning behind the sarcasm.So, let's begin.Okay.Well. Let's start, first of all, with requests. Now we all know that British people they tend to make requests very very overly polite. So, …Like this “could you…I was wondering if you could…”Would you most awfully be able, you know, that type of thing, really really exaggerated. So, if your boss says to you “could you do this for me when you have a minute?”What does that mean？Could you do this for me when you have a minute？Although it sounds polite, what do you think it means？Three, two, one? I think it actually means “Do it now.” Yes.When someone says to you in English, when you have a minute, the implication is that it's only gonna take you a minute you need to do it now.Emm, I see. The request is a bit of a tricky one. Because sometimes people might actually be very polite in this situation or they're being polite. But it could also be they are just trying to hide what they truly mean behind the politeness. Exactly.We would also use it if we try to make a point that this person is probably not the best at time management.Mhm. I remember there's also a lot of sarcasm around, not sarcasm, but hidden meaning about good or bad when you say is good or quite good, it's not good or what was that about？For example, what does it mean if I say “ it's quite good”?It's quite good. I think when you say it's quite good, that means it's not really that good?Actually, means very good.Then why can't you just say it's very good？Well. We just don't like to say something is very, we don't like to use the word very. Because it's, it's a bit too strong.Okay. So, if you hear very from a British person, chances are they are being sarcastic.Yeah.Yeah. Okay. You also say “not bad”, right？Yeah, that film’s not bad, that's generally means also good.嗯，跟中文的“不错”差不多 Yeah, a little bit, but “不错” normally means it's very good, while in English is normally means it's good. It's not too exaggerated.I keep hearing you say things like not too bad actually.So, if I ask “how was your day, 安澜, and you say "not too bad actually". What does that mean？

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi, everyone. And welcome back to one of your favorite segments, The Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来【曲外之音】. Hi, Oliver. Hello, everyone, hello, Lulu. So we're gonna continue with Mamma Mia, the jukebox musical.Yeah. one of… maybe the first or one of the first jukebox musicals I can think of anyway, yeah.There's so many more now. They are everywhere. There seems to be one every few years somebody changes or adds the music from a popular band or singer and they're everywhere. Yeah. Okay. So, in the previous episode, we were talking about the background. We also walked everyone through the story, which is a fun light-hearted story really, they were lots of like little twists, little plots, but the whole idea is pretty simple. Right? It's just a girl who is about to get married. She wants to find out who her father is. And then the whole story unravels. So Oliver, what do you think are some of the themes in this particular story or in the musical? Well. I'm gonna be honest, I've watched it a few times and I struggle to see any major themes if I'm being quite honest, it feels too light-hearted to have anything really deeper than that. On the surface. It just like, it's just a feel good, happy ending musical. Yeah. It feels like something you go out, you forget about the world for a little bit, and not really think about any major issues or anything life important. But interestingly, there are some deeper or bigger themes hidden underneath all these song and dance. First of all, surprisingly is feminism. Really, feminism.Think about the entire setting, think about the main character is a girl. And the main relationship is actually the relationship between her and her mother, and how they had misunderstandings, and then eventually they reconciliated. And also, the mom is a single mother, although we talk about who was she with, but the fact is she wasn't like so hopelessly in love or groveling at any of these men's feet. She was enjoying her life. She was enjoying her friendship with her best friends. They're all women. If you think about it, it’s a huge group of women, it's like a support group almost. That's true. I do remember the songs where they were singing and dancing and enjoying themselves and talking about the worries and everything together and doesn't Donna, the mother, doesn't she own the tavern on the island. Exactly. Where they all are. Yes, yes, there's no men involved there. It's all female owners and management and such. Yeah.Yeah, and there's nothing like this whole toxic competition between women. It's more like they're very supportive of one another, if you think about it to have a kid out of wedlock, not knowing who the father is even nowadays is still problematic. Right? So back in the days, there was probably more social stigma or supposed to be more social stigma. Yet with the support of her friends, nobody was, for lack of a better word, slut shaming her. No, you don't get that feeling at all throughout the show. You're right. Yeah, there was nothing... There's confusion over who the father is, but there's no judgment on anyone, which is quite nice. Yeah. That's good. Yeah.And the other thing is, the only one that actually judged her a little bit was her daughter. Her daughter originally was saying that “no, I don't want to be like you. When I have a kid, I want to know who the father is. I don't want to be like you”. But eventually they also reconciliated. And the mom, Donna, the character is not just, you know, when you see single mother character, the stereotypical single mother is always like toiling away, suffering, being very lonely, being very just like hard done by that sort of imagery. However, in this single parent household, they enjoy songs and dance and love and sunshine, happiness. I think that is also like a more of a positive take on what a single parent household could be.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Jack saw that the giant was asleep, he crept out of the box. Suddenly, he caught up the hen, ran out of the room, opened the door of the castle, which the giant had left open, and descended the beanstalk as fast as he could.His mother was glad to see him again, and surprised at seeing the hen, which laid them three gold eggs every day. Jack’s mother took them to the next town and sold them, and soon became extremely rich.Some time afterwards, Jack made another journey up the beanstalk to the giant’s castle; but first he dyed his hair and disguised himself. The old giantess did not recognise him, and dragged him in as she had done before to eat him; but once more she heard her husband coming and hid him in the box, not thinking that it was the same boy who had stolen the hen. She put him into the same box, and told him stay there, or the giant would eat him.Then the giant came in, saying:“Fee, fa, fie, fo, fum,I smell the breath of an Englishman.”“Oh!” said his wife, “it is only the farmer, who has just been here. We cannot spare him for your dinner.”Then the giant sat down, and when he had eaten half an ox, he told his wife to bring his moneybags to him. She instantly went and fetched two large bags full of gold; and then left him to go about her usual housework.The Ogre counted out the gold twice, and then put it into the bags and tied them up. In a few minutes, Jack heard him snore. He escaped the box, seized the bags, and hurrying out of the castle, safely carried them home.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to one of your favorite segments, The Sound of Musicals. 欢迎回来大家最喜欢的板块之一【曲外之音】. And it has been a long time, Oliver. Hello, it has been a very long time, yes. But I'm very happy to be back. It's nice to be back. So what is the first musical we're gonna talk about now that you're back？I thought because it's been such a long time, maybe you would like to choose something for today. Okay. I was hoping you would ask that. Before I say the name of the musical, I want you to listen to this music. (Music) Does it sound familiar to you？It does. I think I recognize the band who made those songs. Okay, so you know which musical we're gonna talk about today. I can take a very good guess, yes.And it is ?I’m guessing it's going to be Mamma Mia, the musical made around the music of ABBA, the songs we just heard. Yeah, I mean, I sort of got the feeling that Mamma Mia wouldn't be your top picks. It's not in my top ten, no.Yeah, because it's so lighthearted. It's such a fun musical and you like the heavier stuff like you want it miserable instead of lighthearted. It is more my style is the heavier hitting musicals with deeper messages, but I do enjoy a nice, lighthearted musical as well sometimes. There's a place for them, definitely there is .Yeah, I mean musical theater is supposed to be more lighthearted, right? Especially compared to things like opera.Oh, definitely so. Compared to opera and the standard plays, in many cases, musicals are the the lighthearted, forget the world for one evening and jump into a story with good music. You can dance and sing to later, things like that, musicals are a good escape. Okay, so Oliver, since you know a lot about musicals, even the ones that you don't particularly favor, can you give us a little bit of the background like when was the premiere and just a general background?Okay, yeah. So the musical first of all, it came out in 1999 in London. So that was when it premiered in London. And a year later in 2000, it made the trip over to the US, it has been all around the world since then. It is popular in many places, more than 50 countries and it's been on all of the continents. So it's a very, very popular musical. Yeah. It is very popular and has been on Broadway in West End, in London for so many years. So this musical is called a jukebox musical点唱机音乐剧jukebox is, you know the olden days when you go to a bar there is like a jukebox where you can put in a coin and you can choose the music you wanted to play. So why is it called jukebox musical?It's actually a really popular thing nowadays. Lots of bands are getting their own musicals. ABBA was one of the first, but since then there have been lots of them. They're called jukebox musicals because they use music that wasn't designed for the musical. It was released by a band. You could buy it in a shop or nowadays you can download it and listen to it online, but it's not connected to the musical. People have used that and made the musical around it, rather than the other way, which is more common. Yeah, it's basically, the traditional musicals, they are completely like original songs. They were written for this particular musical. But a jukebox musical is, first of all, there is a very popular singer or very popular band. And then because their albums or their songs are so popular, people... the producers decided to make a whole musical based on their existing music. That's exactly yeah. They're kind of using the popularity of the music that's already there to create a musical. So they make a story to fit the music rather than in the traditional way they make the music to fit the story. So it's kind of a reverse, but it does mean they're really popular with audiences because everybody knows the songs, everybody can sing along. So they're really popular.Especially if you're a fan of the band or the singer. Definitely yeah.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜.Hi Lulu, hi everyone. So 安澜, one of the other episodes we talked about British people being sarcastic usually saying words with a hidden meaning. Oh, yeah. But I've noticed another quality of British people… Okay. which I see again in you a lot. Don't worry, It's a good thing! The understatement, so like the modesty, 英国人很喜欢自谦, 甚至是自我嘲讽. 安澜is a typical example. So if one day he's done something great, if he has made some sort of achievement, if I say congratulations, that's such a job well done. 安澜would give me some joke, some self-deprecating humor就是那种自嘲或者自我贬损的这种幽默. And that I've come to know that is not just you, that is actually a quality of British people. Yeah, I would say British people like making jokes about themselves. Even as a country when we display our country or we present our country to the rest of the world, we also still use lots of self-deprecating humor even though it was years ago now. But I think one of the best examples is the Olympics that were held in London over 10 years ago and the opening and closing ceremonies. It was filled with jokes. It was filled with jokes about England, and it was filled with jokes about the UK. I think this is something cross-culturally, it's quite difficult to understand, especially for Chinese because we focus a lot on national pride. Yeah, we can complain about our country, but it's rather unthinkable for a lot of people to make fun of ourselves in that way. Again, this is no judgment not saying which side is good or bad. But I've really noticed in the UK this ability to laugh at yourself and not to take yourself too seriously. That's true. I would say British people we like to laugh at ourselves, we don't really take ourselves too seriously. And it seems as a good thing. It's not seen as a negative. It doesn't mean that we have low self-esteem. Is the country, isn't it？Is the country. It's our culture where being seen as modest and humorous are seen as positive traits. They're seen as virtues.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Once upon a time there was a poor widow who lived in a little cottage with her only son Jack.Jack was a thoughtless boy, but very kind-hearted and affectionate. There had been a hard winter, and after it the poor woman was very ill. Jack was unemployed and they gradually grew dreadfully poor. The widow saw that there was no way to stop Jack and herself from starving. They had to sell the only thing that they had left - their cow; so one morning she said to her son,“I am too weak to go myself, Jack, so you must take the cow to market for me, and sell her.”Jack liked going to market very much; but as he was on the way, he met a butcher who had some very large, green beans in his hand. Jack stopped to look at them, and the butcher told the boy that they were very valuable, and persuaded him to sell the cow for those beans! And Jack was so silly that he agreed to give his cow for some worthless beans.When he brought them home to his mother instead of the money she expected for her nice cow, she was furious and upset, shouting at Jack for his stupidity. He was very sorry; but, he said, he might as well make the best of his bargain, so he put the seed-beans into the ground close to the cottage. After he planted the beans, Jack went to bed.The next morning when he got up, he found that the beans had grown, till the bean stalks had reached the sky and Jack couldn’t even see the top of the bean stalk. Greatly surprised, Jack called his mother, and they both gazed in amazement at the beanstalk, which was not only very high, but was thick enough to bear Jack’s weight.“I wonder where it goes?” said Jack to his mother; “I think I will climb up and see.”His mother didn’t want him to climb such a dangerous height, but Jack managed to persuade her to allow him to start climbing it. He knew that there must be something wonderful in the beanstalk.Jack instantly began to climb, and went up and up on the ladder-like bean till everything he had left behind him, the cottage, the village, and even the tall church tower, looked tiny, and still he did not see the top of the bean stalk.Jack felt a little tired, and thought for a moment that he would go back again; but he was so curious that he didn’t want to give up. So after resting for a moment he went on, and at last reached the top of the bean, and found himself in a beautiful country, surrounded by trees; and not far from the place where he had got off the beanstalk was a fine and strong castle.Jack was surprised that he had never heard of or seen this castle before and was thinking who could possibly live there.While Jack was standing looking at the castle, a very strange-looking woman came out of the wood and walked towards him.Jack took off his hat to the old lady, and she said, pointing to the castle,“Boy, that castle belongs to you. A wicked giant killed your father, and took it from your mother; you must win it back from the monster who now has it.”As she stopped speaking, she suddenly disappeared, and of course Jack knew she was a fairy.He was surprised; however, he walked up to the castle door and knocked, and an old giantess came out. She did not wait until he spoke, but pulled him in at once, for she ...

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Welcome back to Geek Time advanced. Welcome, Lulu. Hi, Brad.How's it going?We were talking about IoT devices in the basic episode. We're gonna continue that and we're gonna talk a little bit about cars as IoT devices. Em, in the previous episode, in the basic one, we were talking about mostly about these smart home devices like we were joking about our fridge talking smack about us behind our backs, and all these you said like thermostat setting or setter or like smart locks. But cars that seems like, I don't know, it seems pretty big as an IoT right? It has a lot of built ins.YEAH. We think about a car today. They already have a lot of sensors already built in. They have the thermostat, they have things related to GPS, they have light sensors and so when it gets dark outside, your front lights will automatically turn on.So there are already tons of IoT devices in the car. However, our future cars will not just have IoT devices, but will be in a sense A IoT device themselves when we go to more like self driving cars.Self driving cars, those cars that you don't have to drive, right? It just drives on its own.Right,Let me get this straight. That means our car will be if we see all of these devices in the internet of things or on the internet of things, if we see them as dots, in the future these cars our car will be one dot containing lots of bells and whistles Yeah, because like all the cars will be interacting with each other. They are going to connect probably to a network of some sort. And they are going to know the position of other cars as those cars are moving around so that the cars can kind of avoid, but it can also be a way to manage the traffic system. Because if there's a network that all the cars are connected to, and then the traffic lights are connected to those, they don't have to follow a regular schedule. They can see ok, if we turn this light red now then the cars that are going can move through and then we can change this light to be green. And It'll help the flow of traffic in the long run. Wow, that kind of blows my mind basically in the future when everyone switches to self driving cars, every car is connected to the internet of things. That basically means we'll be in an almost automated ultra smart system or sort of like transportation infrastructure, then we no longer have to worry about things like traffic jam, congestion collision any of that.Yeah, we can avoid a lot of it. I mean there are still going to be some of those things. There will be accidents, there will be collisions from time to time. No system is perfect, but it will definitely be reduced quite a bit. (em) Now there is this idea of cloud computing everything these days is on the cloud, as they say. Now we're going to possibly move into a new field called Fog computing .Hang on a minute, so I haven't even figured out fully how cloud computing works now. People are now the old technology is moving on towards fog computing like 雾计算,从云计算到雾计算 . What is fog computing?Like we have cloud computing like data is stored on the network rather than on your computer, so you can access that data anywhere. (yeah) But fog computing is where they eliminate the need for the internet where we don't have to even go on the internet. So all the devices themselves in one area create their own network.And so It's kind of like a fog in one area. There's lots of cars over here and they all have their own network and so they kind of referred to that as a fog rather than being like in the cloud on the internet. It's a fog that's outside of the internet. They're all kind of just working together.So instead of controlling every car with an internet based or cloud based system, now they get rid of the cloud and just cars will connect with one another.Right. So it'll be less centralized, it'll be decentralized from a network. Things can still connect to a network. But in a situ

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone, and welcome back to Geek Time. 欢迎回来《极客时间》. Hi, Brad.Hey Lulu, how's it going? Yeah, it's good, it’s good. So what are we gonna talk about today? Today we're gonna be talking about the internet of things or IoT.The internet…The IoT中文叫做物联网。internet是互联网，IoT, internet of things 是物，就是物件的物，物联网. I mean, I have seen the definition somewhere and it seems to be referring to all the things are connected rather than the computers. Could you walk us through the basic definition of IoT?So, basically, IoT is just a group of things that are interconnected. They can be on the internet or through their own network, but it's not computers. It's like devices that have sensors in them and software that they used to communicate. And so it might be a button somewhere that you push and it communicates with something, or it might be a temperature sensor that we used to find out the weather in our smartphones. So, is it like one of those, for example, if I've got like a smart fridge refrigerator, that can be part of IoT?Right. Yeah. That's one of those IoT devices. Emm. And IoT means they are actually able to connect with each other and what communicate?Yeah. They basically they inter communicate on their own. When we use the internet, we go online and we look up Information, but an IoT device connects to the internet or through another network, and sends Information to a hub or to another device directly, without any human interaction necessarily. Okay, starts to sound a bit creepy. So my refrigerator can be sending things about my home to another refrigerator, for example, your refrigerator?Well. It's not just gonna go talk to another refrigerator. However, you know you have your phone, and you probably have an APP on your phone that you can use to connect to the refrigerator, and then look at what's inside of your refrigerator or maybe your refrigerator will send you some Information saying “you only have two eggs”, you might want to order two more or more.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. Hi, Lulu. Hi, James.This is the advanced episode for sex education.So we're gonna continue our talk about sex education we were doing in the basic episode, and I'd like to jump into some of the debates that Americans have on this topic, en...which there are many.I can imagine. The other day I actually watched a video on social media. I think the teacher was teaching, I don't know like something related to LGBTQ and then there was an angry parent storming into the classroom and tried to rip off the pride flag or something like that.YEAH. So that is actually one of the big debates right now. So it isn't really like a subject to debate whether sex that should be taught. But the content of the lessons is a debate yeah. because some parents all they want is the basic biology. It's like ovum, testis, sperm, fertilizers and egg and so on and so forth and really dry science.en. And some are on the opposite end of the spectrum and they want to talk about everything from sexual orientation to gender identity, whatnot. And just like every kind of debate you can't always find, people can't always find the middle ground here.Yeah, but would you consider this I'm not gonna ask you about your personal opinion on this, but I am just going to ask, would you consider gender identity part of this sex education thing? because to me gender is kind of a different...basically it’s a whole different topic.I honestly would put it in a separate unit, completely separate part of the curriculum. It's like part of the social emotional learning because it doesn't necessarily need to be in line with sexual education because sex ed is at least in my mind it is the actual act of partake in sexual relationships. It doesn't really matter who was two adults, then you need to know about how to do it in a responsible safe way. And gender identity, that's an identity lesson and I think that should actually be a separate lesson from sex ed. Yeah. so this point of view, it was like these debates and controversies, they're mostly about what should be included in sex education.Yeah. It's very much that and people's own personal beliefs, their own of whether they're more conservative in these kind of situations are not really do affect what gets done in the classroom. And since it's part of (you know ) the curriculum, this means it's also subject to the board of education and they get to also decide what is and is not included.Yeah, and then it's the protests and then it’s the... more debates and then it’s the media coverage, the whole shebang.AH. American media coverage. It is an interesting watch.But you know that I think who is going to be really conflicted and also be put in a dilemma. I think are the teachers, the educators because they will have to teach the curriculum. But they have to teach it in a way that is non offensive to every single parent otherwise to get into trouble.So they do the impossible, got it.Yeah.If I could teach a way to make every single parent happy that would make me the best teacher on the planet.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to America Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话美国】. Hi, James. Hi Lulu. Hi, everyone. It has been sometimes since last time we’ve spoke. So how's the new semester treating you？It’s been busy , dealing with teenagers is a handful. Actually I thought today we can talk about education-related topic. Cool. In fact the other day, I was talking to some of my students. I said what kind of subjects you did in school, and apart from the the major subjects, the academic subjects, we were talking about health education, specifically sex education. Really?Yeah.Usually that's a topic I find many students don't want to talk about.Well. I mean, I think many of my students they were saying that they wish they had more of a comprehensive sex education when they were in school. Because there wasn’t any when they were growing up. Yeah. So I thought let's talk about that. A little bit of a risky topic is talk about on this platform, but I thought it's a ,nonetheless, it is an essential element of education. Right？I agree it's very important. So first of all, let's talk about your own experience when you were in school, did you get any like formal sex education？Yes I did have ‘sex and health education’ what a lot of schools call it. And I had it at all three levels from primary school, middle school and high school. Oh, So that's always in the curriculum, 就是一直在课程设置里面的是吧？Yes, and most public schools it very much is part of the curriculum. And let me guess based on all these other topics we talked about, it's not the same across the country. Every state has their own standards. That should be a mean for this program. It's not the same everywhere in America. No. A lot of people if they have never been to America, if they were just like listening to social media, whatever, people have this general perception of Americans are very, very open-minded when it comes to sexuality, for example, I don't think that's true. Is it?Not really ,to be honest, most Americans tend to be kind of conservative about it. Don't trust what you see in the media. Most people kind of keep to themselves about that kind of stuff. So what is like the sort of general family attitudes, like parents attitude? Are they happy that it's included or...? Well, I've read recently in a poll from planned parenthood, which is a big nonprofit organization that deals with sex education and pregnancy, that most parents are supportive of these programs in schools. And they want the schools to teach the children. The key factors which are involved are sexuality and health because it's part of being human and it's part of growing up. Em... Hang on a minute. You mentioned planned parenthood. Yes, in English there is something called like Family Planning, right? So It's kind of like has to do with when you want to get pregnant when you want to have babies. Is that true? 就有点计划生育就是跟我们的计划生育不是一样的意思, but it sort of is about planning when do you have kids?It's along those same lines, but a lot of planned parenthood, what they do is they also do education about sexuality, sexual health, sexually transmitted infections and prevention and all these things. So it's not like necessarily about family planning. But when to have children. Em....try to avoid. Understanding what leads to children. And also to sort of like prevent unwanted pregnancy.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hello everyone, and welcome to bedtime stories with 安澜. In this segment, I'm going to be telling you some famous stories from Britain and many other countries. So get comfortable and let me take you on a journey far away, The Sword in the Stone. Long ago in England, a wise and good king ruled the land. His name was King Uther. Times were good and the people lived well. King Uther wanted a magician in his court. And so he chose the famous Merlin, Merlin the Magician. Merlin could see into the future. And he knew those good days were not going to last. King Uther and the Queen Guinevere had a child, a baby son. At a party in the castle for the royal birth, Merlin the Magician whispered into the King’s ear. He said, “Your Majesty, there is something you must know. Soon there will be lots of disasters in the country. Your child is in great danger. Let me take the baby far away. I will be sure he stays safe.” “Merlin!” said the King in surprise. “You are a great magician. And you are my friend. But there is no way we would let you take our child away!” Sadly, soon after the child’s birth the Queen died. Not long after, King Uther was killed in battle. That very night, Merlin came into the castle and took the child. The next morning, the royal nurse went into the nursery but all she found was an empty crib! The terrified nurse, the nervous nobles and servants looked everywhere. But the baby was gone! For years, there was no king on the throne. No king to decide the laws. Men of high rank fought each other to be king. Darkness fell over the land. Robbers and murderers ruled the streets of London. Evil men broke into houses and took what they wanted. Travelers on the roads were attacked and robbed. The people of England lived in fear. Yet far away, there was a quiet place. A good knight, Sir Ector, lived peacefully with his two sons. His first son was named Kay. His younger son Arthur had been adopted as a baby. Years before, a stranger had come to Sir Ector with a baby. He asked if Sir Ector would raise the child. The old knight took the baby in his arms. He was glad for a second child, which he named Arthur. Sir Ector raised the child as his own. When Arthur was ten years old, the same stranger returned to Sir Ector’s home. He could read and write, and so Sir Ector hired him to teach his two sons. Kay could not sit still for lessons and he stopped coming. But Arthur listened with wide eyes. He learned everything. That stranger was none other than Merlin the Magician! At the end of each day when Arthur finished his chores, that was time for the lessons. Merlin would sit with Arthur for hours and teach him about the world. Arthur was a thin lad, not strong like his big brother Kay. Merlin said not to worry about that. He said what mattered most was to have a heart that was big and strong. Merlin saw how the birds, foxes and deer followed Arthur. He could see that the boy had a very big and strong heart. By the time Arthur was 16, his brother Kay had become a knight. He was now called Sir Kay. Arthur became his brother’s squire, looking after his weapons and serving Sir Kay when he needed to. He kept great care of his brother’s clothes and helmet, his spears and lances. One day at lesson time, Merlin looked away. He stood up.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ So far we have been focusing on the basics, mostly the fun on the good side. But let's talk about the mystic. Is it actually a secret society? I was doing a bit of research before this episode and I found this really good quote from one of the lead in masons and I think it's really true. We are not a secret society or a society with secrets, but we are a private society. 就是我们没有什么不可告人的秘密, 但是我们是一个private society, 我们是一个那种私人会所的感觉. Exactly.You have to be the selected for you to join.Yeah. Some of the rituals their secret is to non-masons, but masons don't really hide their membership, and the actual main hall in London Freemasons Hall is open to the public. They have their own museum. Oh, Yes, I think I have read somewhere. It’s in the center of London. 有一个Freemasons Hall就是共济会的一个博物馆, 大家感兴趣在伦敦的话可以去看一下. Yeah. And it's a really nice museum. They got a really nice library and it's all completely free. My dad actually used to work there as a guide and working in the library. He always used to say you used to get these people that walking from the street and they were like really nervous or embarrassed. They would actually ask, are we allowed to come in? Of course. I'll give you a guide tour. Because they thought this is like all behind closed doors this kind of deal. Exactly. Yeah.Because when you think of a secret society, you do think a lot about the seediness. You know the things that all the seedy secrets that they cannot share. You said there are secret rituals. And I've heard about like a secret handshake, like you mentioned before. Is it a dumb question to ask what is that secret handshake? It is a dumb question.Is it truly that secret that nobody knows? I have kind of had someone use a secret handshake on me, and to be honesty you can't really tell but I don't really know what it is myself. But this is the part I don't really understand, if masons don't hide their membership. Couldn't they have just asked are you a mason as well? Why would they have to use the secret handshake? Well, a lot of them don't so much anymore. Again, it's all about tradition, it's about ritual. And this is one thing that we love in Britain is tradition. We love rituals even when they don't really make much sense anymore. Yeah, just look at all these royal rituals.Exactly. You mentioned about conspiracy theories and some of them might absolutely love them, they’re brilliant, So the first one is Freemasons secretly control the world. Oh yeah, this is a very very famous well-known conspiracy theory. 一个很主流的阴谋论就是说，像Freemasons or I don't know like there are other similar organizations. They are the ones behind. They are the puppet masters. Exactly. And I guess I can somewhat understand where this comes from because in the past, in the 19th century, in particular, many influential people were masons such as judges, politicians. Now people join lodges based on their physical location and also because of their interest. So, if you're gonna get a bunch of politicians meeting... People start to talk. People start to talk. If you get a bunch of judges and lawyers and barristers all gathering together every week, people start to talk. I do have a question though, now again, this has to do with the whole class thing. Do you think when people hear freemasonry, they think of a certain... it is attaching to a certain class, for example, middle class or working class or…Oh, Yeah. It's kind of upper class, middle class, but nowadays freemasonry is open to everyone. There is that idea that it's only kind of the elites that are Freemasons. But nowadays that's not the case.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi everyone and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi, Lulu. Hi, everyone. So, What kind of topic are we gonna talk about today? Well, Today I thought we talk about something a bit mysterious. Woo, Is it about folklore? No. OK. I thought today we'll talk about what is commonly known as a secret society. 神秘的组织，I think I talked about this topic with Brad before about secret societies in the world and conspiracy theories. If you're talking about the UK let me guess you're gonna talk about Freemasons. That's right. We're gonna talk a little bit about freemasonry. Freemasonry, Freemasons叫共济会. It's probably one of the most well known secret society. I know it sounds really contradictory.Oh, yeah. Exactly is one of the most famous secret societies in the world. Again, because it can be potentially sensitive. We're not siding with any opinions, we’re simply being informative.Exactly.Because it is something that every British person knows no matter how they feel about it. Always something that everyone feels they knows, but actually there's a lot of misunderstanding about Freemasonry. Em. Okay. So let's start with the very basic, I think our audience probably don't know anything about this society. Well, first of all, I should start by saying I do know a bit about Freemasonry because my dad is a free mason. OK, All right. Are you allowed to tell me?Well, I have to kill you afterwards, but no, I'm absolutely fine to tell you. Em, OK.So, Freemasonry is based on the traditions of medieval stonemasons. Yeah, actually I was gonna say although Freemasons is translated into 共济会, but mason is a stone cutter, a stone craftsman就是石匠, 对吧? Stonemasons是石匠的意思. Yep, exactly. So stonemasons were the ones who built cathedrals and castles and to do this, they traveled around the country. Now being a stonemason was a very highly skilled job. Em, I would imagine so.And obviously, back then people couldn't read and write, they had no ID cards.So, to show that they were a qualified and professional stonemason, they used signs and words to show who they were. I think we definitely have similar things in China or we had similar things in China, the stonemasons, also carpenters. They have their signs, their own systems.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hello again欢迎来到Happy Hour英文小酒馆。关注公众号璐璐的英文小酒馆，加入我们的酒馆社群，邂逅更精彩更广阔的世界。Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain Under the Microscope, Halloween Special, 欢迎回来《闲话英伦·万圣节特辑》。Hello，安澜。 Hello everyone. Hello and Happy Halloween. Basically, one of my favorite festivals, last year we were doing superstition in the UK, so what we're gonna talk about today? Well, I thought for Halloween it would be nice to do something a little bit historical and also a little bit creepy. So I thought today we can talk about witches. Oh, witches 就是女巫, ok, actually I have a quite a lot of background knowledge in this. I know, so that's why I thought it would be good if we can talk about witchcraft in Britain. Do you know that in university I actually wrote a paper on Witch Hunt. Really? Yeah, always been a fascinating topic, like 安澜 was saying, it's not just a fantasy or supernatural topic, it has a lot of history behind it. First things first, when you talk about witches in British culture in British history, were they always evil? Were they always like an evil presence? Not really, no, back in medieval times, and also early, they've always been witches and a lot of them were generally seen as good. They were seen as good? So what did they actually do? Well, they were known as cunning folk. Cunning folk. Yeah, a man could be a witch back then, they would help to cure people, help the crops to grow, woman to have children. It was a type of folk belief. It's a little bit like 巫医 that sort of ideas, like witch doctor almost. Type of thing. But obviously if you read a lot of stories in the West, in Britain which they were hunted, they were seen as really, really evil. That was from around the 15th century. 15th century. Yeah. How did they turn from the cunning folk which is harmless helpful neighborhood people to this evil presence? Basically, it was caused by two Kings, so Henry the 8th actually made witchcraft a Capital Offense. Capital Offense, 就是要杀头的罪。 Yeah. But why? Because he was worried about the influence of these witches on society, it was also about the church as well, but it was actually another king, a Scottish King who then became king of England, James the First. So King James the First was someone who was really scared of witches. Yes, that's because he believed that witches were attacking his family. That paranoid? A little bit, but he was kind of educated king, so what he did was he wrote a book about finding witches. Finding witches so that they can kill them. Pretty much, and this actually started a witch hysteria when ordinary people started to believe that witches were dangerous.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Welcome back to Geek Time advanced. Welcome, Lulu. Hi, Brad. So we're gonna continue on with talking about cyber security. Remember, last time when we were finishing up, I asked a question if there are so many people who are experts in cyber security, why are the attackers still winning in a lot of the situations? Why are they still able to make the attacks successful, so to speak. Well, one thing that makes it difficult is that they are always looking for new ways. There's always new computer systems. They make a new operating system. Windows does this every like 5 years or so. And whenever they make a new operating system, there is always going to be some flaws in it.And so basically, while the defenders are out there trying to keep the system defended, the attackers or the bad people are going out there and finding things and then using those exploits to hack into the system. The defenders are always two steps behind the attackers. Can you not preempt some of these attacks if you already know, or if you already see the potential of a loophole? You can. And sometimes people will find a loophole before anyone attacks it. Sometimes they don't even know if anyone has attacked it before they find it. So it's always really difficult. There's... whenever they make a new system, they can look for all the loopholes, but they're never going to find them all. I suppose as the defending side, you have to be all encompassing, all enveloping. You have to really take care of every little detail, but as the attacker, you only need one loophole to be in. I see, so cyber security essentially is ultra important because last time we were talking about it is linked with the integrity of critical infrastructure.Right. People's livelihood, the stock exchange is all on the internet. People transfer money from bank to bank via their computers. People pay their bills nowadays via computer. Everything is online. Can I just ask like a I don't know if it's a related question, so talking about who has access to certain internet. Who has like, I don't know if it's called privilege, security clearance, how does that work?When you work for a company, basically, the idea is to give every user as limited a privilege as possible. We often call this privilege. So basically, they say okay you need access to these rooms, you need access to this data. And We're only going to give you access to those bits of data because that's what you need.And so limits the liability for the company saying that okay you don't have access to the things you don't need. If you did access those that might be a problem. So you're breaking the law. Yeah. Basically the ideas that we want to limit the accessibility to things as much as possible.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~ Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Geek Time. 欢迎回来【极客时间】. Hi, Brad. Hey, lulu, how's going? It's being great. And Brad, I would like to propose a topic today. OkLet's talk about one of your majors, which is Cyber Security, right? Ok, good topic. 网络安全. Let's start with the basic. What is Cyber Security? I mean we can translate it. But exactly what is the security about? Is it about data? Is it about I don't know, finance? What is it about? So, cyber security is the total your security of your data and your devices. But when we think about it, right, there's you can look at it as two main ideas. You're protecting your data, whether it's your personal data or the company data or protecting critical infrastructure, companies, computers, your computer, or country's electric grids, their voting machines, their financial systems. So, it's not just data ,it’s devices as well. Okay. Am I to understand it's like several tiers, so you protect personal data, you need to protect like organizational data, like a company or organization, and you also have to protect sort of infrastructure in a country, in a community, like you said, electric grids and then voting machines, financial systems to make sure the country or the community or the region runs smoothly, operate smoothly. Right.Can I ask you just out of curiosity? What does this cyber security major fall under? What is like the big faculty or the big...? So this one is between two faculties usually, most of its under IT, like information technology. But oftentimes with cyber security, it's not just on the IT side of things. It's also on the administrative side of things. So they often will combine the two. So my focus was yeah...Like public admin. Yes, kind of. I see, and would you say it is a popular major to choose based on your observation? It's fairly popular. I think a lot of people tend to go with just more of the basic IT support. I think cyber security is a little bit more daunting for some just because they look at it and they think that's got to be really difficult, but I think it's not any more difficult necessarily than the other IT majors. So let's start with basic two more advanced security measures or settings. Obviously for most dummies, like me the first layer is password, but I know that is not really safe. Yes,when you have a network,of course you need to have a password. And then when you think about passwords, you don't want to just have numbers because then this makes it very simple to decode or decrypt your password. You add in letters and then symbols and then the more you add, the more complex it becomes, the more safe it is. But aside from passwords, a lot of times, people can or systems will use what's called a white list and what's called a blacklist. What you allow and disallow. Yes, right. A white list would just be we only allow these devices, right? And so anything that's on our white list as it is, are the only things that can enter. Or they might use a blacklist where they just say these devices can't be...can’t come onto the network. A white list is a little bit safer, but it also makes it a little bit more difficult if you want to add a new device because you have to go into the system, you have to allow that device. Yeah, unfortunately, I think a lot of people nowadays do not really have the basic awareness. I'm not even talking about the know how but the awareness of cyber security and we opt for convenience rather than total security. Then of course on top of that, we have things like the antivirus software. Most people might run one or two different ones on their systems. But if you're like, really into cyber security, we use something called sand boxing. Sand boxing? Yes. So basically you have your operating system on your computer. When you log onto your computer, you use your computer. But you can actually kind of create what's called a virtual machine.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome to our new segment 【It Means What?】欢迎大家回来我们的新版块【词源考古研究所】. In this segment, we’re going to explore the interesting origin of words and phrases. So 安澜, what is the word for today? Well, today I've chosen one of my favorite words in English. Let me guess, it's alcoholic. Yes. 安澜这个酒“精”啊. It is whiskey. 就是威士忌. Actually I'm not a whiskey drinker but I always wondered, that doesn't sound English that the word whiskey. No, it actually comes from a Gaelic word. Gaelic is the language from Scotland? Gaelic is a language from northern Scotland and it's completely different to English. So you wouldn't understand Gaelic. I would not understand Gaelic. Actually you can watch Gaelic programs on BBC. What's the point if you don't understand it. Exactly, and it's just so it's very, very different from English. 这个叫苏格兰盖尔语. If you are interested, you can check it out online and see how it sounds. Yes. So it comes from this Gaelic word which means “water of life”. Water of life, isn't that Aqua vitae? Oh, that's Latin. So the Gaelic is “Uisge Beatha” , so it’s Uisge and it became whiskey. 所以是苏格兰盖尔语里面的叫做 “water of life”, 生命之水. Now the reason why they called it “water of life” is that whiskey was not actually originally a drink to be enjoyed. It was a medicine. I thought it was just because they really loved drinking. No, so whiskey started to be distilled in Scotland, so you distill whiskey. You don't make whiskey. 蒸馏, distill. It's like with wine, you fermented, 如果是葡萄酒水果酒它是发酵, 然后 whisky这种烈酒很多是蒸馏distilled.

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Now brings the next question. Supposedly I were a member of a trade union and they organized a strike, but I don't want to like, I don't agree and I voted not to have a strike. Then what if the strike still goes on because I'm in the minority. You would still probably have to go on strike. I have to? Yeah, because you belong to that union, if you belong to that union, you've chosen to be with them. If the majority of your union colleagues agree and think should go on a strike, then you have to join them. 明白了, 所以就是说实际上即使你不同意, 但是你们工会里大部分的人都投票同意了, 你还是得必须参加罢工. Exactly. It's a little bit like for example, if a country goes to war, if you don't agree with it, you can't exactly just say I don't agree, so I'm not gonna do anything. So that's the analog you'll be using. Yeah, I see, I see. So it's almost like a mini government type of thing. It is. The unions are designed to act as a balance against management. I see. It’s a check and balance system. Exactly. 其实是为了制衡这些employer. We know that in theory, but in practice, do they really have that much power? You said the London transport system, they have some very powerful unions. I've actually heard about this. Yeah, because quote on quote, if they don't reach a settlement, they go on prolonged strikes. They can hold London hostage because they stop running the underground. Pretty much. 整个伦敦就瘫痪了。 Exactly. And if the government or the local councils, if they continue to basically disagree with the unions or to stop negotiating, then it looks bad on the government. But I do... in real life, imagine myself as just a resident in London, if I have to commute to work, I have to take the underground, the tube every day. Oh, you probably will be very angry. I'll be very angry, but if I feel like I probably won't necessarily feel angry about the company or at the company, I probably will think all these people going on strike, they don't really have any consideration for others and they are asking for unreasonable amount, does that happen? Yeah, a lot. So people are not necessarily just other normal, just general public. They're not necessarily siding with these unions. No. In some cases, they don't side with the unions. One of the things about the transport unions is the they do actually annoy a lot of people. I would assume so.Because lots of people believe that, for example train drivers get a lot of money and some actually do. They got very good at paying conditions and when they complain about it, other people will just go, well, what are you complaining about? If you already getting way above average salary, you're still complaining because you can hold the entire city hostage. Then that's not going to be... But a strike will only work if you have the sympathy of the public. So if the public don't agree with the strike and they get angry, then the unions have less of a case and it makes the employers stronger. Okay. So eventually this will all be in the court of public opinion. Pretty much. So a good example is with the doctors and nurses. When they went on strike, they were very clear on the news about what their demands were, what they wanted. And of course people supported doctors and nurses. Yeah, of course. So lots of people were pressuring the government into siding and agreeing with the unions. I think you mentioned a very important point. You have to be very transparent, very open about what you want, what the conditions are. Yeah, for example, I remember watching news about the NHS strike, the medical workers strike. Then some of the nurses are coming out to tell their story saying how much their take home wage is every month, 每个月到手多少钱. Yeah, and we're talking about single mother working long hours getting paid above average, and it is that money having lived in London, I know that money is not enough, exactly, to support and your kids, let alone l

可以搜索公号【璐璐的英文小酒馆】或者添加【luluxjg2】咨询课程or加入社群，查看文稿和其他精彩内容哦~Hi everyone, and welcome back to Britain under the microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hello, 安澜. Hi 璐璐. Hi, everyone. So 安澜, I know that you have recently obviously also been in the UK. Yes, I have. You know when I was in the UK this time, I didn't notice because just they say it over and over again in the news, strikes, many strikes. And not just in the UK, in Europe, in general these days. Oh yeah. Certainly throughout Europe and also particularly in the UK, there are lots and lots of strikes. 所以今天咱们就要聊聊罢工这个事情. I know it's a bit sensitive. Well, it is a bit sensitive, but we can be focusing on what it actually means to strike. So we'll be focusing more on the actions. Not so much as in which side we support, but is more informative. Exactly. Okay. But first of all, why are there so many strikes in the UK in recent months? I know there always have been strikes, but it seems to be more frequent. Simply it's down to inflation. And the cost of living crisis.And the cost of living crisis. 就是生活成本的飚高, 还有通胀。We talked about this before. Yes. So there's been a massive increase in inflation, post COVID, and also post Brexit. In October 2022, our inflation went up to 11.1%. Wow, post COVID, post Brexit, you have this double whammy. 英国是既受到COVID新冠的影响, 还受到Brexit脱欧的影响. Yeah. So people are having a pretty tough time right at the moment. But it's important to note that even before COVID and even before Brexit, lots of people were having a tough time. I would say ever since 2008, 2009 with the financial crisis, there's been a lack of investment in public services. When you say public services, do you mean like infrastructure like a health care? Health care, schools, transports, that's because of austerity. What does austerity here mean? Well, austerity in this sense means that the government try to cut expenditure as much as possible.