Chaos Computer Club - archive feed

Algorithms bear the image of their makers, and toil like their servants. Technology of any sort cannot be neutral, as it is embedded in a social matrix of why it was created and what work it performs. An algorithm, its context, and what it lacks should be understood as a political statement carrying great consequences, and as a society we should respond to each as needed, engaging the purveyors of these algorithms on a political level as well as legal and economic. Three algorithmic systems are revealed to embody various class interests. First, a population ecology modeled simply by a pair of predator-prey equations leads one to conclude that socialist revolution and compulsory leisure are the only routes to avoiding civilizational collapse. Second, a formula for labor supply reduces us to lazy drones who work as little as possible to support our choice of lifestyle. Finally, advertising on Wikipedia could yield a multi-billion-dollar fortune—shall we put it up for sale or double-down on radical equality among all people? (1) The [Human and Nature Dynamics](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800914000615) (HANDY) model is the first to pair environmental resource consumption with class conflict, each as a predator-prey cycle. In one cycle we overrun and out-eat the other species on Earth, who grow back slowly, and in the other cycle elites out-compete commoners in their consumption, to the point of even causing commoners to die of hunger. One can say that socialist revolution is embedded in a statement like this. Indeed, something must be done about the growing power of over-consuming elites before they doom us all. I will give a tour using this [interactive explorer](https://adamwight.github.io/handy-explorer/). (2) A second example is a run-of-the-mill, capitalist formula for labor supply, to explain our collective decision to go to work in the morning. Loosely, it is to`optimize(Consumption, hours worked)` for the constraint `Consumption ≤ wage x hours + entitlement`. In other words, this formula assumes we are lazy, greedy, individual agents, each motivated only by obtaining the greatest comfort for the least labor. The worker who internalizes this formula will fight for fewer hours of work and higher wages for themself, will find shortcuts to spend less money to increase purchasing power, and in this idealized world can be expected to vote in favor of social democratic minimum incomes. A company following this formula, on the other hand, will fight against all of these worker gains, and will act to depress government welfare or minimum incomes until workers are on the edge of starvation in order to squeeze longer hours out of them. What's missing from this formula is, all the ways out of the trap. Mutual aid and connections among ourselves to protect the most vulnerable individuals, pooling resources, and any other motivation to work besides mortal fear and hedonism.—One can easily imagine a radically different paradigm for work, in which labor is dignified and fulfilling. To understand this world in formulas, labor supply is measured in education levels, self-direction, and other positive feedback loops which raise productivity. (3) Wikipedia and its sister projects have never worn the shackles of paid advertising, although they sit on a potential fountain of revenue in the tens of billions of dollars per year—not to mention the value of the influence over public opinion that such a propaganda machine might achieve. `Revenue = Ads per visit x Visits` Analyzed venally, Wikipedia becomes an appealing portfolio acquisition, which would jeopardize the entire free-open movement. From a different perspective, that of an organizer in an editor’s association, slicing pageview and (non)-advertising data might allow for more effective resource-sharing among the many chapter organizations. In a third analysis using a flow of labor, power, and funds, we can see the Wikimedia Foundation as engaged in illegitimate expropriation, turning editors into sharecroppers and suppressing decentralized growth. These twists all come about through variations on an equation. Which shall we choose? about this event: https://cfp.verschwoerhaus.de/36c3/talk/TNSGB8/

<p>In diesem Talk werden erstmalig Ergebnisse einer Online-Studie mit 653 Podcastproduzierenden vorgestellt. Seitdem vor etwa 15 Jahren die ersten Podcasts im deutschsprachigen Raum produziert und veröffentlicht wurden, ist die Zahl podcastender Personen enorm gestiegen – ein Ende des Wachstums ist nicht abzusehen. Dennoch sind Podcaster_innen bisher kaum Gegenstand psychologischer Forschung geworden. Wie lassen sich deutschsprachige Podcastproduzierende charakterisieren? Was sind die zentralen Motive, die dazu führen, mit dem Podcasten zu beginnen? Gibt es Geschlechterunterschiede? Auf Basis einer Stichprobe von 653 Podcaster_innen sollen diese Fragen erstmals für den deutschsprachigen Raum beantwortet werden.</p> about this event: https://fahrplan.das-sendezentrum.de/36c3/talk/NZR3VR/

<p>Christchurch, El Paso, Walter Lübcke, Halle – seit 2019 verbinden wir diese Orte und Namen mit rechtem Terror. Auf jeden Anschlag folgte auch in diesem Jahr eine öffentliche Debatte, in der rechter Terror meist als neues Phänomen erscheint. Je größer jedoch die Häufung der Anschläge, desto absurder erscheinen die Worte von „unvorstellbaren Einzelfällen“, begangen von „verrückten Einzeltätern“. Diese Erzählungen haben einen anderen Zweck, als rechten Terror die Grundlage zu entziehen. Sie sollen sagen: ‚Wir hätten es nicht wissen können, hätten nichts tun können und werden auch zukünftig nichts verhindern‘. Dabei ist das Gegenteil der Fall: Rechter Terror hat auch nach 1945 nie aufgehört und obwohl an jedem Fall etwas Spezielles ist, so gibt es doch Gemeinsamkeiten und Kontinuitätslinien. Rechtsterroristen und Rechtsterroristinnen wie etwa der NSU oder Anders Breivik kämpften immer mit den Mitteln der Zeit für die Umsetzung ihrer Ziele: Der Umsturz der Gesellschaft durch massive Gewalt, um ihre wahlweise autoritäre, heteronormative, völkische Vision einer Volksgemeinschaft verwirklichen zu können. Aus dieser Geschichte des rechten Terrors und den gesellschaftlichen Reaktionen darauf können wir lernen ihnen etwas entgegenzusetzen. Caro Keller von NSU-Watch wird anhand exemplarischer Fälle die wichtigen Kontinuitätslinien herausarbeiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt sie auch den aktuellen rechten Terror, Phänomene wie toxische Männlichkeit oder „Gamification of Terror“ in den Blick. Es wird aufgezeigt, ob und wie wir als Antifaschist*innen und Gesellschaft dieses Wissen gegen rechten Terror einsetzen können.</p> about this event: https://fahrplan.chaos-west.de/36c3/talk/CBGVT9/

Making climate predictions is extremely difficult because climate models cannot simulate every cloud particle in the atmosphere and every wave in the ocean, and the model has no idea what humans will do in the future. I will discuss how we are using the Julia programming language and GPUs in our attempt to build a fast and user-friendly climate model, and improve the accuracy of climate predictions by learning the small-scale physics from observations. Climate models are usually written in Fortran for performance reasons at the expense of usability, but this makes it hard to hack and improve existing models. Bigger supercomputers can resolve smaller-scale physics and help improve accuracy but cannot resolve all the small-scale physics so we need to take a different approach to climate modeling. In this talk I will discuss why modeling the climate on a computer is so difficult, and how we are using the Julia programming language to develop a fast and user-friendly climate model that is flexible and easy to extend. I will also discuss how we can leverage GPUs to embed high-resolution simulations within a global climate model to resolve and learn the small-scale physics allowing us to simulate the climate more accurately, as the the laws of physics will not change even if the climate does. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/11155.html

Once you start looking at electronic trash you see it everywhere: in laptops of course but also increasingly in cars, fridges, even inside the bodies of humans and other animals. The talk will look at how artists have been exploring the e-junk invasion. Régine Debatty is a curator, critic and founder of http://we-make-money-not-art.com/, a blog which has received numerous distinctions over the years, including two Webby awards and an honorary mention at the STARTS Prize, a competition launched by the European Commission to acknowledge "innovative projects at the interface of science, technology and art". Régine writes and lectures internationally about the way artists, hackers, and designers use science and technology as a medium for critical discussion. She also created A.I.L. (Artists in Laboratories), a weekly radio program about the connections between art and science for Resonance104.4fm in London (2012–14), is the co-author of the “sprint book” New Art/Science Affinities, published by Carnegie Mellon University (2011) and is currently co-writing a book about culture and artificial intelligence. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/11236.html

Reverse engineering a system on a chip from sparse documentation and binaries, developing an emulator from it and gathering the knowledge needed to develop a replacement for one of the more controversial binary blobs in the modern PC. The Intel Management Engine, a secondary computer system embedded in modern chipsets, has long been considered a security risk because of its black-box nature and high privileges within the system. The last few years have seen increasing amounts of research into the ME and several vulnerabilities have been found. Although limited details were published about these vulnerabilities, reproducing exploits has been hard because of the limited information available on the platform. The ME firmware is the root of trust for the fTPM, Intel Boot Guard and several other platform security features, controlling it allows overriding manufacturer firmware signing, and allows implementing many background management features. I have spent most of past year reverse engineering the OS, hardware and links to the host (main CPU) system. This research has led me to create custom tools for manipulating firmware images, to write an emulator for running ME firmware modules under controlled circumstances and allowed me to replicate an unpublished exploit to gain code execution. In this talk I will share the knowledge I have gathered so far, document my methods and also explain how to go about a similar project. I also plan to discuss the possibility of an open source replacement firmware for the Management Engine. The information in this talk covers ME version 11.x, which is found in 6th and 7th generation chipsets (Skylake/Kabylake era), most of the hardware related information is also relevant for newer chipsets. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10694.html

There are countless post-quantum buzzwords to list: lattices, codes, multivariate polynomial systems, supersingular elliptic curve isogenies. We cannot possibly explain in one hour what each of those mean, but we will do our best to give the audience an idea about why elliptic curves and isogenies are awesome for building strong cryptosystems. It is the year 2019 and apparently quantum supremacy is finally upon us [1,2]. Surely, classical cryptography is broken? How are we going to protect our personal communication from eagerly snooping governments now? And more importantly, who will make sure my online banking stays secure? The obvious sarcasm aside, we should strive for secure post-quantum cryptography in case push comes to shove. Post-quantum cryptography is currently divided into several factions. On the one side there are the lattice- and code-based system loyalists. Other groups hope that multivariate polynomials will be the answer to all of our prayers. And finally, somewhere over there we have elliptic curve isogeny cryptography. Unfortunately, these fancy terms "supersingular", "elliptic curve", "isogeny" are bound to sound magical to the untrained ear. Our goal is to shed some light on this proposed type of post-quantum cryptography and bring basic understanding of these mythical isogenies to the masses. We will explain how elliptic curve isogenies work and how to build secure key exchange and signature algorithms from them. We aim for our explanations to be understandable by a broad audience without previous knowledge of the subject. [1] https://www.quantamagazine.org/john-preskill-explains-quantum-supremacy-20191002/ [2] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02936-3 about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10543.html

Der Europäische Menschenrechtsgerichtshof beschäftigt sich nun schon seit Jahren mit der Frage, ob die durch Edward Snowden öffentlich bekanntgewordene geheimdienstliche Massenüberwachung mit der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention kompatibel ist. Wie ist der Stand der Dinge? Dieses Jahr gab es zwei neuerliche Anhörungen in Straßburg, die sich mit der britischen und schwedischen Massenüberwachung durch die Geheimdienste auseinandersetzten. Im Vortrag werden die bisher gefällten Urteile und die neuen vorgetragenen Argumente beleuchtet. Insbesondere der britische Fall ist das erste Mal, dass der Gerichtshof nicht nur die Massenüberwachung an der Menschenrechtskonvention misst, sondern auch das Datenkarussell zwischen den Geheimdiensten, namentlich dem GCHQ und der NSA. Wegen der schon Mitte Januar vom Bundesverfassungsgericht anberaumten mündlichen Anhörung zum BND-Gesetz wird sich ein Teil des Vortrags auch mit der deutschen geheimdienstlichen Massenüberwachung beschäftigen. Der CCC hat eine Stellungnahme zur Ausland-Ausland-Fernmeldeaufklärung abgegeben, deren Inhalt kurz zusammengefasst wird. Offenlegung: Ich bin eine der Beschwerdeführerinnen in dem britischen Fall. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/11141.html

In this talk we present re:claimID, a decentralized, self-sovereign identity management system. re:claimID allows users to reclaim authority over their identities and personal data. The system is built on top if a state-of-the-art, decentralized directory service: The GNU Name System. Built-in cryptographic mechanisms allow users to selectively disclose personal data and the directory service ensures that this data is accessible to authorized parties even if the user is offline. Through OpenID Connect, integration and use of re:claimID is straight-forward and authorization flows are familiar. In this talk, we present the current state of re:claimID as well as a future roadmap. Today, users are often required to share personal data, like email addresses, to use services on the web. As part of normal service operation, such as notifications or billing, services require access to -- ideally fresh and correct -- user data. Sharing attributes in the Web today is often done via centralized service providers to reduce data redundancy and to give services access to current, up-to-date information even if the user is currently offline. Abuse of this power is theoretically limited by local laws and regulations. But, the past has shown that even well-meaning identity providers struggle to keep user data safe as they become major targets for hackers and nation state actors while striving for monetizing anonymized statistics from these data. We advocate for a new, decentralized way for users to manage their identities for the following reasons: * The current state of omniscient identity providers is a significant threat to the users' privacy. * Users must completely trust the service provider with respect to protecting the integrity and confidentiality of their identity in their interest. * The service provider itself is facing substantial liability risks given the responsibility of securely managing potentially sensitive personal data of millions of users. We present re:claimID, a decentralized identity service with the following properties: * Self-sovereign: You manage your identities and attributes locally on your computer. No need to trust a third party service with your data. * Decentralized: You can share your identity attributes securely over a decentralized name system. This allows your friends to access your shared data without the need of a trusted third party. * Standard-compliant: You can use OpenID Connect to integrate reclaim in your web sites. about this event: https://talks.oio.social/36c3-oio/talk/XHLTUD/

Firmware protection for Virtual Machines against buggy or malicious hypervisors is a rather new concept that is quickly gaining traction among the major CPU architectures; two years ago AMD introduced Secure Encrypted Virtualization (AMD SEV), and now IBM is introducing Protected Virtualization for the s390x architecture. This talk will present the motivations and the overall architecture of Protected Virtualization, the general challenges for Linux both as a guest and as a hypervisor with KVM and Qemu. The main challenges presented will be, among others: * secure VM startup * attestation * I/O * interrupts * Linux guest support * KVM and Qemu changes * swap and migration While the talk will have some technical content, it should be enjoyable for anyone who tinkers with KVM and virtualization. Knowledge of the s390x architecture is not required. about this event: https://fahrplan.chaos-west.de/36c3/talk/73DECY/

Find out what kind of free services Wikimedia provides for you. Wikimedia Cloud Services is a collection of services that the Wikimedia Foundation offers, free of charge, to anyone who can use them for furthering the goals of the Wikimedia movement. This includes Toolforge, a hosting service for tools written in various languages; Cloud VPS, full virtual private servers for advanced development beyond the capabilities of Toolforge; convenient access to Wikimedia project data; and more! Link and other useful information: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Lucas_Werkmeister/36c3-wmcs-intro about this event: https://cfp.verschwoerhaus.de/36c3/talk/ENN7EF/

Concepts, goals, implementations and the lessons learned from rewriting qaul.net decentralized messenger in rust. qaul.net is a Internet independent wifi mesh communication app with fully decentralized messaging, file sharing and voice chat. At the moment we are rewriting the entire application in rust, implementing our experience of 8 years off the grid peer2peer mesh communication, with a mobile first approach and a network agnostic routing protocoll wich can do synchronous as well as delay tolerant messaging. We are currently rewriting qaul.net 2.0 in rust with a new network agnostic routing protocol, identity based routing and delay tolerant messaging. The talk will show our learnings and the journey ahead of us at the alpha stage of the rewrite. * Homepage: https://qaul.net * Code Repository: https://git.open-communication.net/qaul/qaul.net about this event: https://talks.oio.social/36c3-oio/talk/C33LPX/

In this talk Julian will outline his work as sysadmin, systems and security architect for the climate and environmental defense movement Extinction Rebellion. Responsible for 30 server deployments in 11 months, including a community hub spanning dozens of national teams (some of which operate in extremely hostile conditions), he will show why community-owned free and open source infrastructure is mission-critical for the growth, success and safety of global civil disobedience movements. An extension of an earlier talk at C-Base Berlin, Julian will give an overview of his own discoveries, platform choices, successes and mistakes meeting the needs of 5-figure at-risk server memberships, from geo-political and legal challenges, to arrest opsec and uptime resilience in the face of powerful adversaries driving attacks on infrastructure and seized activist devices spanning many countries before and during periods of mass civil disobedience. In particular the talk is a call for all sysadmins, opsec and infosec professionals and enthusiasts to rise up and join the fight for current and future generations of all life. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/11008.html

One apparent paradox of the digitisation of work is that while productivity in manufacturing is skyrocketing, productivity in caring professions (health, education) is actually declining - sparking a global wave of labour struggle. Existing economic paradigms blind us to understanding how economies have come to be organised. We meed an entirely new discipline, based on a different set of values. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/11241.html

When climate activists say you should listen to the science they usually refer to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC is an Intergovernmental organization (IGO) providing an objective summary of scienctific results regarding climate change, its impacts and its reasons. The simulation of future climate is one fundamental pillar within climate research. But what is behind it? How does the science sector look like? How do we gain these insights, what does it mean? This lecture aims at answering these questions. In particular, it provides an overview about some basic nomenclature for a better understanding of what climate modelling is about.<br> The following topics will be addressed: <ul> <li>Who does climate modelling?<br> Which institutes, infrastructures, universities, initiatives are behind it and which are the conferences climate scientists go to. What background do climate scientists have? </li> <li>What is the difference between climate projections and weather predictions? Why is it called a climate projection and not climate prediction? While climate scientists are not able to predict weather at a specific date in a decade, why does it still make sense to propose general trends under certain conditions? </li> <li>What is a climate model, what is an impact model and what is the difference between these? What are components and features of the different kind of models? Here, some examples will be shortly presented (e.g.atmosphere, ocean, land, sea ice). </li> <li>Quite a few models are open source and freely accessible. If there is time I will shortly show you how you could install an impact model (example mHM) on your local PC. How accessible is the data used for the projections for the IPCC reports?</li> <li>Overview over the used infrastructure (for example JUWELS, a supercomputer in Jülich), programming languages, software components </li> </ul> about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10896.html

Over the past 2 years we've been building delivery robots - at first thought to be autonomous. We slowly came to the realization that it's not something we could easily do; but only after a few accidents, fires and pr disasters. We've all seen the TV show Silicon Valley, but have you actually peered underneath the curtain to see what's happening? In this entertaining talk, Sasha will share his first hand experience at building (and failing) a robotics delivery startup in Berkeley. Over the course of 2.5 years this startup built hundreds of robots, delivered thousands of orders, and had one robot stolen. The talk will look over the insanity that's involved with building an ambitious startup around a crazy vision; sharing the ups and downs of the journey. It will also touch up lightly on the technology that drives it and the simplistic approach to AI/machine learning this company took. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10601.html

We present the next step after Rowhammer, a new software-based fault attack primitive: Plundervolt (CVE-2019-11157). Many processors (including the widespread Intel Core series) expose privileged software interfaces to dynamically regulate processor frequency and operating voltage. We show that these privileged interfaces can be reliably exploited to undermine the system's security. In multiple case studies, we show how the induced faults in enclave computations can be leveraged in real-world attacks to recover keys from cryptographic algorithms (including the AES-NI instruction set extension) or to induce memory safety vulnerabilities into bug-free enclave code. Fault attacks pose a substantial threat to the security of our modern systems, allowing to break cryptographic algorithms or to obtain root privileges on a system. Fortunately, fault attacks have always required local physical access to the system. This changed with the Rowhammer attack (BlackHat USA 2015, CCC 2015), which for the first time enabled an attacker to mount a software-based fault attack. However, as countermeasures against Rowhammer are developed and deployed, fault attacks require local physical access again. In this CCC talk, we present the next step, a long-awaited alternative to Rowhammer, a second software-based fault attack primitive: Plundervolt. Dynamic frequency and voltage scaling features have been introduced to manage ever-growing heat and power consumption in modern processors. Design restrictions ensure frequency and voltage are adjusted as a pair, based on the current load, because for each frequency there is only a certain voltage range where the processor can operate correctly. For this purpose, many processors (including the widespread Intel Core series) expose privileged software interfaces to dynamically regulate processor frequency and operating voltage. In this talk, we show that these privileged interfaces can be reliably exploited to undermine the system's security. We present the Plundervolt attack, in which a privileged software adversary abuses an undocumented Intel Core voltage scaling interface to corrupt the integrity of Intel SGX enclave computations. Plundervolt carefully controls the processor's supply voltage during an enclave computation, inducing predictable faults within the processor package. Consequently, even Intel SGX's memory encryption/authentication technology cannot protect against Plundervolt. In multiple case studies, we show how the induced faults in enclave computations can be leveraged in real-world attacks to recover keys from cryptographic algorithms (including the AES-NI instruction set extension) or to induce memory safety vulnerabilities into bug-free enclave code. We finally discuss why mitigating Plundervolt is not trivial, requiring trusted computing base recovery through microcode updates or hardware changes. We have responsibly disclosed our findings to Intel on June 7, 2019. Intel assigned CVE-2019-11157 to track this vulnerability and refer to mitigations. The scientific paper on Plundervolt will appear at the IEEE Security & Privacy Symposium 2020. The work is the result of a collaboration of Kit Murdock (The University of Birmingham, UK), David Oswald (The University of Birmingham, UK), Flavio D. Garcia (The University of Birmingham, UK), Jo Van Bulck (imec-DistriNet, KU Leuven, Belgium), Daniel Gruss (Graz University of Technology, Austria), and Frank Piessens (imec-DistriNet, KU Leuven, Belgium). about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10883.html

The access to surveillance technology by governments and other powerful actors has increased in the last decade. Nowadays malicious software is one of the tools to-go when attempting to monitor and surveil victims. In contrast, the target of these attacks, typically journalists, lawyers, and other civil society workers, have very few resources at hand to identify an ongoing infection in their laptops and mobile devices. In this presentation we would like to introduce the Emergency VPN, a solution we developed at the Czech Technical University as part of the CivilSphere project. The Emergency VPN is designed to provide a free and high quality security assessment of the network traffic of a mobile device in order to early identify mobile threats that may jeopardize the security of an individual. The presentation will cover the design of the Emergency VPN as a free software project, the instructions of how a user can work with it, and some success cases where we could detect different infections on users. We expect attendees will leave this session with a more clear overview of what the threat landscape looks like, what are the options for users that suspect their phone is infected, and how the Emergency VPN can help in those cases. More information about the Emergency VPN can be found at CivilSphere's website: https://www.civilsphereproject.org about this event: https://fahrplan.chaos-west.de/36c3/talk/EARPZB/

Look at ME! - Intel ME Investigation With Intel's Firmware Support Package (FSP) and the recent release of a [redistributable firmware binary](https://edk2.groups.io/g/devel/message/50920/eml) for the Management Engine, it has become possible to share full firmware images for modern x86 platforms and potentially audit the binaries. Yet, reverse engineering, decompilation and disassembly are still not permitted. However, thanks to previous research, we can have a closer look at the binary data and come to a few conclusions. This talk briefly summarizes the fundamentals of developing custom and open source firmware, followed by a quick guide through the process of analyzing the binaries without actually violating the terms to understand a few bits, and finally poses a statement on the political issues that researchers, repair technicians and software developers are facing. about this event: https://fahrplan.chaos-west.de/36c3/talk/EZU78C/

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is a hot topic in the media. The peninsula is changing rapidly, but how is that reflected in life on the ground? What is it like to live in Pyongyang? Are the externally reported societal changes and developments in technology also visible in everyday life? This talk will describe modern urban life in Pyongyang, and the recent forces driving change. The talk will particularly focus on observations around the state of youth mindset towards change and technology. For example, what are the future elites' attitudes towards entrepreneurship in an officially communist country? What small signals of changing attitudes can we observe that might influence the opening of the county? Presenting the realities of this environment leads us to the demo of consumer technology, and presented that opportunities for both societal change and technological development might be broader than we often see. We will present this deep dive to North Korea from the perspective of two foreigners who have been spending months at a time in Pyongyang and have been studying it since 2012. about this event: https://talks.oio.social/36c3-oio/talk/GWFPXV/

We take a quick dive into the Highspeed Amateurradio Multimedia NETwork the wireless backbone of the European Amatuerradio Community. It’s uses mostly commercial hardware on it’s own frequencies beneath the 2,4 and 5 GHz wifi bands. The net is routed with it’s own ipv4 private network consisting of multiple 44.xxx.000.000/16 blocs. A short overview on what the Hamnet is and how it came to be. Not forgetting all the challenges of technical and legal kind that come with running and building the Net. about this event: https://talks.oio.social/36c3-oio/talk/JDASEQ/

Seit dem 14. November ist die letzte Schonfrist zur Umsetzung der Europäischen Richtline 2015/2366 über Zahlungsdienste im Binnenmarkt (neudeutsch PSD2) verstrichen. Das hat erst vielen Banken viel Arbeit gemacht, und macht jetzt vielen Kunden viel Ärger. Warum eigentlich? Dieser Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über die Hintergründe der Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie, das was sie bewirken sollte, und das was sie tatsächlich bewirkt. Der Sicht aus der Regulierungsperspektive wird die tatsächliche Erfahrung als Anwender, und als Entwickler von Open-Source-Software gegenübergestellt. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10717.html

A deep dive investigation into Siemens S7 PLCs bootloader and ADONIS Operating System. Siemens is a leading provider of industrial automation components for critical infrastructures, and their S7 PLC series is one of the most widely used PLCs in the industry. In recent years, Siemens integrated various security measures into their PLCs. This includes, among others, firmware integrity verification at boot time using a separate bootloader code. This code is baked in a separated SPI flash, and its firmware is not accessible via Siemens' website. In this talk, we present our investigation of the code running in the Siemens S7-1200 PLC bootloader and its security implications. Specifically, we will demonstrate that this bootloader, which to the best of our knowledge was running at least on Siemens S7-1200 PLCs since 2013, contains an undocumented "special access feature". This special access feature can be activated when the user sends a specific command via UART within the first half-second of the PLC booting. The special access feature provides functionalities such as limited read and writes to memory at boot time via the UART interface. We discovered that a combination of those protocol features could be exploited to execute arbitrary code in the PLC and dump the entire PLC memory using a cold-boot style attack. With that, this feature can be used to violate the existing security ecosystem established by Siemens. On a positive note, once discovered by the asset owner, this feature can also be used for good, e.g., as a forensic interface for Siemens PLCs. The talk will be accompanied by the demo of our findings. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10709.html

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the biggest particle accelerator on Earth. It was built to study matter in more detail than ever before and prove physical theories like the Standard Model of Particle Physics. This talk will focus on the engineering aspects of LHC. How was it built? What makes it tick? Which technologies are needed to create a such powerful machine? This talk will take you on a journey to explore how the most complex machine ever built by humans works. During previous CCCs, several talks described what kind of data the experiments of LHC look out for, how the data is stored, how physicists are analysing data and how they extract their huge discoveries. Often times though, the presence of the particle accelerator itself is taken for granted in light of these findings. That's why this talk will give an in-depth engineering summary about that 'particle accelerator'. We'll shed light on the big technology and engineering problems that had to be solved before being able to build a machine that we take for granted these days. Among other things, we will describe how to cool down several thousand tons of magnets to -271.25°C, how to safely dissipate ~500 MegaJoule of energy in just a fraction of a second, or how to bend a beam of particles around a corner while it's moving along with ~99,9999991% of the speed of light. Of course, we'll also touch on the bits that make collecting the data gathered in all the physics detectors possible in the first place. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10760.html

PDF is the most widely used standard for office documents. Supported by many desktop applications, email gateways and web services solutions, are used in all sectors, including government, business and private fields. For protecting sensitive information, PDFs can be encrypted and digitally signed. Assumed to be secure for 15 years, our talk reveals how to break PDF Encryption and how to break PDF Signatures. We elaborated novel attacks leading to critical vulnerabilities in all PDF viewers, most notably in Adobe, Foxit, and Okular. As a result, an attacker can retrieve the plaintext of encrypted PDFs without knowing the password and manipulate the content of digitally signed PDFs arbitrarily while a victim is unable to detect this. The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the de-facto standard for document exchange worldwide. It is used to store sensitive information like contracts and health records. To protect this information PDF documents can be encrypted or digitally signed. Thus, confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation can be achieved. In our research, we show that none of the PDF viewers achieve all of these goals by allowing an attacker to read encrypted content without the password or to stealthily modify the signed content. We analyze the PDF encryption specification and show two novel techniques for breaking the confidentiality of encrypted documents. First, we abuse the PDF feature of partially encrypted documents to wrap the encrypted part of the document within attacker-controlled content and therefore, exfiltrate the plaintext once the document is opened by a legitimate user. Second, we abuse a flaw in the PDF encryption specification to arbitrarily manipulate encrypted content. The only requirement is that a single block of known plaintext is needed, and we show that this is fulfilled by design. Our attacks allow the recovery of the entire plaintext of encrypted documents by using exfiltration channels which are based on standard compliant PDF properties. In addition, we present the first comprehensive security evaluation on digital signatures in PDFs. We introduce three novel attack classes which bypass the cryptographic protection of digitally signed PDF files allowing an attacker to spoof the content of a signed PDF. We analyzed 22 different PDF viewers and found 21 of them to be vulnerable, including prominent and widely used applications such as Adobe Reader DC and Foxit. We additionally evaluated eight online validation services and found six to be vulnerable. All findings have been responsibly disclosed, and the affected vendors were supported during fixing the issues. Our research on PDF security is also available online at https://www.pdf-insecurity.org/. about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10832.html

Herzstück der digitalen Gesundheitsversorgung für 73 Millionen Versicherte ist die hochsichere, kritische Telematik-Infrastruktur mit bereits 115.000 angeschlossenen Arztpraxen. Nur berechtigte Teilnehmer haben über dieses geschlossene Netz Zugang zu unseren medizinischen Daten. Ein "Höchstmaß an Schutz" also, wie es das Gesundheitsministerium behauptet? Bewaffnet mit 10.000 Seiten Spezifikation und einem Faxgerät lassen wir Illusionen platzen und stellen fest: Technik allein ist auch keine Lösung. Braucht es einen Neuanfang? Schon in 12 Monaten können 73 Millionen gesetzlich Versicherte ihre Gesundheitsdaten in einer elektronischen Patientenakte speichern lassen. Dazu werden zurzeit alle Arztpraxen, Krankenhäuser und Apotheken Deutschlands über die neu geschaffene kritische Telematik-Infrastruktur verbunden. Dieses hochverfügbare Netz genügt "militärischen Sicherheitsstandards", bietet ein "europaweit einzigartiges Sicherheitsniveau" und verspricht ein "Höchstmaß an Schutz für die personenbezogenen medizinischen Daten" wie Arztbriefe, Medikamentenpläne, Blutbilder und Chromosomenanalysen. "Wir tun alles, damit Patientendaten sicher bleiben." "Selbst dem Chaos Computer Club ist es nicht gelungen, sich in die Telematik-Infrastruktur einzuhacken." "Nach den Lehren aus PC-Wahl, Ladesäulen und dem besonderen elektronischen Anwaltspostfach brauchen wir kein weiteres Exempel." about this event: https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2019/Fahrplan/events/10595.html

Getting your itinerary presented in a unified, well structured and always up to date fashion rather than as advertisement overloaded HTML emails or via countless vendor apps has become a standard feature of digital assistants such as the Google platform. While very useful and convenient, it comes at a heavy privacy cost. Besides sensitive information such as passport or credit card numbers, the correlation of travel data from a large pool of users exposes a lot about people's work, interests and relationships. Just not using such services is one way to escape this, or we build a privacy-respecting alternative ourselves! Standing on the shoulders of KDE, Wikidata, Navitia, OpenStreetMap and a few other FOSS communities we have been exploring what it would take to to build a free and privacy-respecting travel assistant during the past two years, resulting in a number of building blocks and the "KDE Itinerary" application. In this talk we will look at what has been built, and how, and what can be done with this now. In particular we will review the different types of data digital travel assistants rely on, where we can get those from, and at what impact for your privacy. The most obvious data source are your personal booking information. Extracting data from reservation documents is possible from a number of different input formats, such as emails, PDF files or Apple Wallet passes, considering structured annotations and barcodes, but also by using vendor-specific extractors for unstructured data. All of this is done locally on your own devices, without any online access. Reservation data is then augmented from open data sources such as Wikidata and OpenStreetMap to fill in often missing but crucial information such as timezones or geo coordinates of departure and arrival locations. And finally we need realtime traffic data as well, such as provided by Navitia as Open Data for ground-based transport. Should the author fail to show up to this presentation it might be that his Deutsche Bahn ticket rendering code still needs a few bugfixes ;-) about this event: https://cfp.verschwoerhaus.de/36c3/talk/MH3WTA/