A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

A Daily Dose of History (22 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Vespasian is proclaimed Emperor of Rome; his predecessor, Vitellius, attempts to abdicate but is captured and killed at the Gemonian stairs. Pope Innocent I is elected, the only pope to succeed his father in the office. Damghan earthquake: An earthquake near the Persian city of Damghan kills an estimated 200,000 people, the sixth deadliest earthquake in recorded history. Luoyang, eastern capital of the Tang dynasty, is captured by rebel leader Huang Chao during the reign of Emperor Xizong. Three weeks after the death of King Henry I of England, Stephen of Blois claims the throne and is privately crowned King of England, beginning the English Anarchy. Pope Honorius III approves the Dominican Order through the papal bull of confirmation Religiosam vitam. The forces of the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, take control of Almería from the Nasrid ruler of Granada, Muhammad XIII. Nguyễn Huệ proclaims himself Emperor Quang Trung, in effect abolishing on his own the Lê dynasty. The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Alexander Suvorov and his Russian armies. The Embargo Act, forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by the U.S. Congress at the urging of President Thomas Jefferson. Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and performs in concert at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, with the premiere of his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: The Roman Senate declares Vespasian emperor of Rome, the last in the Year of the Four Emperors. Pope Honorius II is consecrated, having been elected after the controversial dethroning of Pope Celestine II. After a siege of several weeks, the city of Weinsberg and its castle surrender to Conrad III of Germany. The city of Ryazan is sacked by the Mongol army of Batu Khan. The Battle of Linuesa is fought in the context of the Spanish Reconquista between the forces of the Emirate of Granada and the combined army of the Kingdom of Castile and of Jaén resulting in a Castilian victory. Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile. Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts. American settlers in Nacogdoches, Mexican Texas, declare their independence, starting the Fredonian Rebellion. Egyptian-Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya. The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement. Medal of Honor: Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln. Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger, commanded by Captain George Nares, sails from Portsmouth, England. World premiere of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after the Third Crusade. The Louisiana Purchase is completed at a ceremony in New Orleans. Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins. South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States. World War I: The last Australian troops are evacuated from Gallipoli. Cheka, the first Soviet secret police force, is founded. Adolf Hitler is released from Landsberg Prison. World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the "Flying Tigers", in Kunming, China. World War II: Japanese air forces bomb Calcutta, India. The popular Christmas film It's a Wonderful Life is first released in New York City. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Henry II of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey. Pope Clement III is elected. Anne, Duchess of Brittany, is married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor by proxy. The Battle of Dreux takes place during the French Wars of Religion. The ships Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery depart England carrying settlers who founded, at Jamestown, Virginia, the first of the thirteen colonies that became the United States. Thomas Paine publishes one of a series of pamphlets in The Pennsylvania Journal entitled "The American Crisis". American Revolutionary War: George Washington's Continental Army goes into winter quarters at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. French Revolutionary Wars: Two British frigates under Commodore Horatio Nelson and two Spanish frigates under Commodore Don Jacobo Stuart engage in battle off the coast of Murcia. Hopetoun Blunder: The first Governor-General of Australia John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appoints Sir William Lyne premier of the new state of New South Wales, but he is unable to persuade other colonial politicians to join his government and is forced to resign. French parliament votes amnesty for all involved in scandalous army treason trial known as Dreyfus affair. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Kublai Khan renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the Yuan dynasty of Mongolia and China. A rebellion breaks out in Alpujarras in response to the forced conversions of Muslims in Spain. Portuguese forces score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in present-day Angola. New Jersey becomes the third state to ratify the U.S. Constitution. Surrender of the frigate La Lutine by French Royalists to Lord Samuel Hood; renamed HMS Lutine, she later becomes a famous treasure wreck. The national anthem of the Russian Empire, "God Save the Tsar!", is first performed. The Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada abolishes the seigneurial system. US Secretary of State William Seward proclaims the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment, prohibiting slavery throughout the USA. The Al-Thani family become the rulers of the state of Qatar. Premiere performance of The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first officially recognized land speed record of 63.159 km/h (39.245 mph) in a Jeantaud electric car. World War I: The Battle of Verdun ends when the second French offensive pushes the Germans back two or three kilometres, causing them to cease their attacks. The resolution containing the language of the Eighteenth Amendment to enact Prohibition is passed by the United States Congress. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoths under king Totila plunder the city, by bribing the Byzantine garrison. Romanos I Lekapenos is crowned co-emperor of the underage Constantine VII. Assassination of William I of Normandy. Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud's armies in Delhi are defeated by Timur. Cologne War: Forces under Ernest of Bavaria defeat troops under Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg at the Siege of Godesberg. Go-Yōzei becomes Emperor of Japan. War of the Quadruple Alliance: Great Britain declares war on Spain. American Revolution: France formally recognizes the United States. Napoleonic Wars: France issues the Milan Decree, which confirms the Continental System. War of 1812: U.S. forces attack a Lenape village in the Battle of the Mississinewa. Simón Bolívar declares the independence of Gran Colombia in Angostura (now Ciudad Bolívar in Venezuela). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Yanjing, initiating the An Lushan Rebellion during the Tang dynasty of China. Hundred Years' War: Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre Dame in Paris. Vasco da Gama passes the Great Fish River at the southern tip of Africa, where Bartolomeu Dias had previously turned back to Portugal. Seven-Year War: Battle of Noryang: The final battle of the Seven-Year War is fought between the China and the Korean allied forces and Japanese navies, resulting in a decisive allied forces victory. English Interregnum: The Protectorate: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Convention Parliament: The Declaration of Right is embodied in the Bill of Rights. Seven Years' War: After a four-month siege, the Russians under Pyotr Rumyantsev take the Prussian fortress of Kołobrzeg. American Revolution: Boston Tea Party: Members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dump hundreds of crates of tea into Boston harbor as a protest against the Tea Act. Virginia becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation. British East India Company: Muharram Rebellion: Hada and Mada Miah lead the first anti-British uprising in the subcontinent against Robert Lindsay and his contingents in Sylhet Shahi Eidgah. The first two in a series of four severe earthquakes occur in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri. Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlled Nacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes Paschal and Theodore. Constantine VIII becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire, 63 years after being crowned co-emperor. Jin-Song wars: Military officers conspire against the emperor Wanyan Liang of the Jin dynasty after a military defeat at the Battle of Caishi, and assassinate the emperor at his camp. Sicilian Chancellor Stephen du Perche moves the royal court to Messina to prevent a rebellion. Mongol forces under Hulagu enter and dismantle the Nizari Ismaili (Assassin) stronghold at Alamut Castle (in present-day Iran) as part of their offensive on Islamic southwest Asia. Stephen III of Moldavia defeats Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with the latter being injured thrice, at the Battle of Baia. Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders. American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia. The United States Bill of Rights becomes law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake, which cracks the dome of Hagia Sophia. Sweet Dew Incident: Emperor Wenzong of the Tang dynasty conspires to kill the powerful eunuchs of the Tang court, but the plot is foiled. St. Lucia's flood: The Zuiderzee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses, killing over 50,000 people. Princess Mary Stuart becomes Queen of Scots at the age of one week on the death of her father, James V of Scotland. The Theresian Military Academy is founded in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. Founding Father Alexander Hamilton marries Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton at the Schuyler Mansion in Albany, New York. The Montgolfier brothers first test fly an unmanned hot air balloon in France; it floats nearly 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the Grande Armée are expelled from Russia. War of 1812: The Royal Navy seizes control of Lake Borgne, Louisiana. Alabama becomes the 22nd U.S. state. The Toledo War unofficially ends as the "Frostbitten Convention" votes to accept Congress' terms for admitting Michigan as a U.S. state. American Civil War: The Confederate victory under General James Longstreet at the Battle of Bean's Station in East Tennessee ends the Knoxville Campaign, but achieves very little as Longstreet returns to Virginia next spring. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. The Council of Trent begins as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage. The Plymouth Colony establishes the system of trial by 12-men jury in the American colonies. The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians, a date now considered the founding of the National Guard of the United States. Abel Tasman is the first recorded European to sight New Zealand. English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire. The English transport ship Duke William sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people. Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, with a royal charter from King George III, on land donated by Royal governor John Wentworth. American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee defeats Union Major General Ambrose Burnside. A Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London, killing 12 people and injuring 50. Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and slaughter hundreds of thousands of civilians. The Battle of the River Plate is fought off the coast of Uruguay; the first naval battle of World War II. The Kriegsmarine's Deutschland-class cruiser (pocket battleship) Admiral Graf Spee engages with three Royal Navy cruisers: HMS Ajax, HMNZS Achilles and HMS Exeter. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (12 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. Maria of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia to the Republic of Venice. Pennsylvania becomes the 2nd state to ratify the US Constitution. American Civil War: USS Cairo sinks on the Yazoo River. Oaks explosion: The worst mining disaster in England kills 361 miners and rescuers. Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman. Guglielmo Marconi receives the first transatlantic radio signal (the letter "S" [***] in Morse Code), at Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland. Yuan Shikai declares the establishment of the Empire of China and proclaims himself Emperor. Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler. Second Sino-Japanese War: USS Panay incident: Japanese aircraft bomb and sink U.S. gunboat USS Panay on the Yangtze river in China. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty. Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor. Assassination of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil by the Turkish guard, who raise al-Muntasir to the throne. Start of the "Anarchy at Samarra". Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas is assassinated by his wife Theophano and her lover, the later Emperor John I Tzimiskes. Michael V, adoptive son of Empress Zoë of Byzantium, is proclaimed emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. Battle of Orewin Bridge: Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales, is killed at Cilmeri, near Builth Wells, in mid-Wales. A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually by the Fête de l'Escalade.) The Root and Branch petition, signed by 15,000 Londoners calling for the abolition of the episcopacy, is presented to the Long Parliament. Antonio de Vea expedition enters San Rafael Lake in western Patagonia. Glorious Revolution: James II of England, while trying to flee to France, throws the Great Seal of the Realm into the River Thames. French Revolution: King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason by the National Convention. The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance. Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: The "Nyköping Banquet": King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Valdemar, Duke of Finland and Eric, Duke of Södermanland, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice. Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull Exsurge Domine outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate. Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII. Defeat at the Battle of Dungeness causes the Commonwealth of England to reform its navy. The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter. Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley. The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published. France adopts the metre as its official unit of length. Mississippi becomes the 20th U.S. state. American Civil War: The Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy. Forces led by Nguyễn Trung Trực, an anti-colonial guerrilla leader in southern Vietnam, sink the French lorcha L'Esperance. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami. The Virgin of Guadalupe first appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City. American Revolutionary War: British troops and Loyalists, misinformed about Patriot militia strength, lose the Battle of Great Bridge, ending British rule in Virginia. Patriot forces led by General Antonio José de Sucre defeat a Royalist army in the Battle of Ayacucho, putting an end to the Peruvian War of Independence. Texas Revolution: The Texian Army captures San Antonio following the Siege of Béxar. The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal. The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces. American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by Congress. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Louis the Stammerer (son of Charles the Bald) is crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom at Compiègne. A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello. Conservative Santiago-based government troops defeat rebels at the Battle of Loncomilla, signaling the end of the 1851 Chilean Revolution. In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin. Pope Pius IX promulgates the encyclical Quanta cura and its appendix, the Syllabus of Errors, outlining the authority of the Catholic Church and condemning various liberal ideas. King Gustaf V of Sweden accedes to the Swedish throne. Leaders of the German Empire hold an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility that war might break out. World War I: A squadron of Britain's Royal Navy defeats the Imperial German East Asia Squadron in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him as Caesar. The Sajid emir of Adharbayjan, Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj is defeated and captured by the Qarmatians near Kufa. Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities. The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England. Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the only battle of the Upper Canada Rebellion, takes place in Toronto, where the rebels are quickly defeated. First concert of the New York Philharmonic, founded by Ureli Corelli Hill. Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMS Spiteful and HMS Peterel: Spiteful was the first warship powered solely by fuel oil, and the trials led to the obsolescence of coal in ships of the Royal Navy. The Parliament of Northern Ireland votes to remain a part of the United Kingdom and not unify with Southern Ireland. W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television advertisement in the United States, for I.J. Fox Furriers, which also sponsored the radio show. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Leo VIII is appointed to the office of Protonotary and begins his papacy as antipope of Rome. Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv under Daniel of Galicia and Voivode Dmytro falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. After exploring island of Cuba for gold, surmising it for Japan, Columbus lands on island similar to Castile, naming it Hispaniola. The city of Quito in Ecuador is founded by Spanish settlers led by Sebastián de Belalcázar. Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge". Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army. Charles Edward Stuart's army begins retreat during the second Jacobite Rising. The U.S. Congress moves from New York City to Philadelphia. Five French warships attempting to escape the Royal Naval blockade of Saint-Domingue are all seized by British warships, signifying the end of the Haitian Revolution. Georgia ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Fourth Council of Toledo takes place. Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona is assassinated. Emir Edigu of Golden Horde reaches Moscow. The first of the two 1456 Central Italy earthquakes measuring Mw 7.2 causes extreme destruction and kills as many as 70,000 people. Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes affectibus, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany. King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of Jewish "heretics" from the country. Charles IX becomes king of France. Sir Francis Drake, after sailing through Strait of Magellan raids Valparaiso. The town of Raahe (Swedish: Brahestad) was founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger. Seven Years' War: Battle of Leuthen: Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." The Royal Danish Army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish Army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War. Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). American Revolutionary War: USS Alfred becomes the first vessel to fly the Grand Union Flag (the precursor to the Stars and Stripes); the flag is hoisted by John Paul Jones. War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch: Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French at Wiesloch. War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden: French General Jean Victor Marie Moreau decisively defeats the Archduke John of Austria near Munich. Coupled with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's earlier victory at Marengo, this will force the Austrians to sign an armistice and end the war. United States presidential election: The Electoral College casts votes for president and vice president that resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state. The Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany. Battle of the Eureka Stockade: More than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences. The first issue of Tamperean daily newspaper Aamulehti ("Morning Paper") is published. The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club defeats an all-star collection of early football players 16-0, in what is considered to be the very first all-star game for professional American football. The Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon. The University of Leipzig opens. St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren following the Great Fire of London, is consecrated. Swedish parliament approves the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act and implements it as a ground law, thus being first in the world with freedom of speech. At Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of the French. War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Austerlitz: French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force. Monroe Doctrine: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas. Manifest Destiny: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West. Franz Joseph I becomes Emperor of Austria. French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French as Napoleon III. Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16 raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Alabama ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed by North Carolina, then Georgia; U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. Courtiers Christopher Hatton and Thomas Heneage are knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England. End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. Diarist John Evelyn records skating on the frozen lake in St James's Park, London, watched by Charles II and Queen Catherine. The former slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya in Norway. José Núñez de Cáceres wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the Republic of Spanish Haiti. Pedro I is crowned Emperor of Brazil. Argentine general Juan Lavalle makes a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation. Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British Empire and their Creek allies to capture Pensacola, Spanish Florida. Great Northern War: King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under Pietro Leopoldo I, becomes the first modern state to abolish the death penalty (later commemorated as Cities for Life Day). The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines. In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to an official from the French First Republic. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase. The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate begins an impeachment trial of Federalist Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. First Welland Canal opens for a trial run, five years to the day from the ground breaking. Crimean War: Battle of Sinop: The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey. American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. The Abbasid army under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib defeats the Qarmatians at the Battle of Hama. The papal conclave of 1549-50 begins. The Battle of Swally takes place, which loosens the Portuguese Empire's hold on India. Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez, Mississippi. The magnitude 6.6 Irpinia earthquake causes 1,940 deaths in the former Kingdom of Naples, southern Italy. San Jose, California, is founded as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by José Joaquín Moraga. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California. The crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 54 Africans by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance, beginning the Zong massacre. John VI of Portugal flees Lisbon from advancing Napoleonic forces during the Peninsular War, transferring the Portuguese court to Brazil. An armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland begins. The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour. Missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, causing the Cayuse War. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (28 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Treaty of Andelot: King Guntram of Burgundy recognizes Childebert II as his heir. Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang. Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja in central Albania and raise the Albanian flag. Champa-Đại Việt War: Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt formally launches his attack against Champa. An expedition under the command of Ferdinand Magellan passes through the Strait of Magellan. In Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway pay a £40 (equivalent to £11,783 in 2020) bond for their marriage licence. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy has its greatest and last victory in the Battle of Oliwa. At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society. At least 3,000 men of the Royal Scots Army led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns defeat about 900 Covenanter insurgents led by James Wallace of Auchens in the Battle of Rullion Green. The first Treaty of Hopewell is signed, by which the United States acknowledges Cherokee lands in what is now East Tennessee. Trade between the United States and modern-day Uruguay begins when John Leamy's frigate John arrives in Montevideo. Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, premieres at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig. The Times of London becomes the first newspaper to be produced on a steam-powered printing press, built by the German team of Koenig & Bauer. Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia. Ka Lā Hui (Hawaiian Independence Day): The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of "Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions. Rufinus, praetorian prefect of the East, is murdered by Gothic mercenaries under Gainas. Byzantine Emperor Maurice is forced to watch as the usurper Phocas executes his five sons before Maurice is beheaded himself. Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. The foundation stone to the Jerusalem Church in Berlin is laid. The Berners Street hoax is perpetrated by Theodore Hook in the City of Westminster, London. Adoption of Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland. Saint Catherine Labouré experiences a Marian apparition. James Pratt and John Smith are hanged in London; they are the last two to be executed for sodomy in England. In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin-Song Wars. Vlad the Impaler defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time. In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress. Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. The Battle of Berezina begins during Napoleon's retreat from Russia. An earthquake as high as magnitude 8.8 rocks the Banda Sea, triggering a tsunami and killing at least 60 in the Dutch East Indies. Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile. HMS Bulwark is destroyed by a large internal explosion with the loss of 741 men near Sheerness. The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne. The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Châtillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. A tsunami, caused by an earthquake in the Tyrrhenian Sea, devastates Naples and the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places. King Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava. Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England. The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada. Portuguese conquest of Goa: Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule. The Cudgel War begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when peasants rebel against the imposition of taxes by the nobility. A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people. Trunajaya rebellion: After a long and logistically challenging march, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri. King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, now known as the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary. French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. Later, Fort Pitt will be built nearby and grow into modern Pittsburgh. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople. Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem. Gąsawa massacre: At an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa, Polish Prince Leszek the White, Duke Henry the Bearded and others are attacked by assassins while bathing. An overnight landslide on the north side of Mont Granier, one of the largest historical rockslope failures ever recorded in Europe, destroys five villages. Peter I of Cyprus ascends the throne of Cyprus after his father, Hugh IV of Cyprus, abdicates. Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc unsuccessfully besieges La Charité. Battle of Solway Moss: An English army defeats a much larger Scottish force near the River Esk in Dumfries and Galloway. Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania). South Carolina passes the Ordinance of Nullification, declaring that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were null and void in the state, beginning the Nullification Crisis. The Texas Provincial Government authorizes the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers (which is now the Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety). Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf, Schleswig-Holstein. Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg. Anna Sewell's animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile. Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England. The Second War of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland. John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship. The start of the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John in what was then the Danish West Indies. French and Poles defeat the Spanish at Battle of Tudela. American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate troops. The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from custody. King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to succeed him. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore. The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon. Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets. Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile. Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island. Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself. Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution. In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched. The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives. The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred. Lý Công Uẩn is enthroned as emperor of Đại Cồ Việt, founding the Lý dynasty. Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V of Georgia captive. The Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presents the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light. In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes make the first untethered hot air balloon flight. North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th U.S. state. American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War. Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound. Port Arthur, China, falls to the Japanese, a decisive victory of the First Sino-Japanese War; Japanese troops are accused of massacring the remaining inhabitants. Claude Monet's paintings shown at Gallery Durand-Ruel in Paris. The Philadelphia Football Athletics defeat the Kanaweola Athletic Club of Elmira, New York, 39-0, in the first-ever professional American football night game. Albert Einstein's paper that leads to the mass-energy equivalence formula, E = mc², is published in the journal Annalen der Physik. Sailors on board Brazil's warships including the Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Bahia, violently rebel in what is now known as the Revolta da Chibata (Revolt of the Lash). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. Palermo is conquered by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, agree to a truce, but Burgundy would kill Orléans three days later. The Peace of Cremona ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, after the victorious Venetian enterprise of military engineering of the Galeas per montes. Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho. Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear. American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey. New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights. Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, premieres in Vienna. The Second Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1790 extent, imposing large indemnities, and prolonging the occupation by Allied troops for several more years. An 80-ton sperm whale attacks and sinks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) from the western coast of South America. (Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick was in part inspired by this incident.) Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado. American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the magister militum Ricimer. The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah in Iraq. Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island called Borinquen he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed again Puerto Rico). The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War. The Garinagu arrive at British Honduras (present-day Belize). Finnish War: The Convention of Olkijoki in Raahe ends hostilities in Finland. Warsaw University is established. The second Canadian railway line, the Montreal and Lachine Railroad, is opened. American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. A meteorite lands near the village of Grossliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine. Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, Island Maid and Angele, the latter killing the entire crew except the captain. First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land. Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV. Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV. Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon. Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam, claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy. A dike in the Grote Hollandse Waard in the Netherlands breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people. This event will be known as St Elizabeth's flood. Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico. French King Charles VIII occupies Florence, Italy. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November. Genpei War: The Battle of Mizushima takes place off the Japanese coast, where Minamoto no Yoshinaka's invasion force is intercepted and defeated by the Taira clan. John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu. Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon. Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England. English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification. French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C. Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place. José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne. An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects. Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca. American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots. French Revolution: Ninety dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes. Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat. American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail. Greek War of Independence: The London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades. A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor. David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia-Zimbabwe. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morgarten. Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet Incan Emperor Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging for a meeting in the city plaza the following day. Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire. Rákóczi's War of Independence: The Hapsburg Empire and Denmark win a military victory over the Kurucs from Hungary in the Battle of Zsibó. The secondly-built Castellania in Valletta is officially inaugurated with the blessing of the interior Chapel of Sorrows. American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation. Pike Expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike spots a mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is later named Pikes Peak in his honor. American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins his March to the Sea. Brazil is declared a republic by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup. Harry Turner becomes the first player to die from game-related injuries in the "Ohio League", the direct predecessor to the National Football League. Eduskunta declares itself the supreme state power of Finland, prompting its declaration of independence and secession from Russia. The first assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, Switzerland. The Free City of Danzig is established. At least 300 are massacred during a general strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. Napoleonic Wars: At the Battle of Smoliani, French Marshals Victor and Oudinot are defeated by the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein. Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA. Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (aka Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in 72 days. Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first takeoff from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia, taking off from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in a Curtiss pusher. The Joensuu City Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, was inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland. The Provisional National Assembly of the new republic of Czechoslovakia meets to devise a constitution. The Communist Party of Spain is founded, and issues the first edition of Mundo obrero. The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom. The Lions Gate Bridge, connecting Vancouver to the North Shore region, opens to traffic. World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed. World War II: German troops, aided by local auxiliaries, murder nine thousand residents of the Słonim Ghetto in a single day. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre. Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are killed. Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne. First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London. Jacobite rising in Scotland: Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive. American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal. James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism. The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliott Bay to what would become Seattle. American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Bull's Gap ends in a Union rout as Confederates under Major General John C. Breckinridge pursue them to Strawberry Plains, Tennessee. The 1901 Caister lifeboat disaster. Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri. World War I: Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription. World War I: beginning of the First Battle of Monte Grappa (in Italy known as the "First Battle of the Piave"). The Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces, despite help from the German Alpenkorps and numerical superiority, will fail their offensive against the Italian Army now led by its new chief of staff Armando Diaz. World War I: Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (12 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. Battle of Posada ends: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army by ambush. Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull. Pudge Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, participating in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association. Abdur Rahman Khan accepts the Durand Line as the border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Raj. Norway holds a referendum resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country. First Balkan War: King George I of Greece makes a triumphal entry into Thessaloniki after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule. The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Dissolution of Austria-Hungary: Austria becomes a republic. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard is defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr. Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Constantine VIII died, ending his uninterrupted reign as emperor or co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire of 66 years. The Fourth Council of the Lateran meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ. Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them. Tycho Brahe observes the supernova SN 1572. Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery. Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used. Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x). Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang Pu. The Wu State is replaced by Li (now called "Xu Zhigao"), who becomes the first ruler of Southern Tang. Fourth Crusade: Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia). Raden Wijaya is crowned as the first monarch of Majapahit kingdom of Java, taking the throne name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Władysław III of Poland (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Władysław III of Varna) are defeated by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Władysław is killed. Åbo Bloodbath: Fourteen gentries who opposed Duke Charles were decapitated in the Old Great Square of Turku (Swedish: Åbo) for their involvement in the power struggle between King Sigismund and Duke Charles and the related peasant revolt known as the Cudgel War. Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. Third Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England. English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne's War. The last colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University). The United States Marine Corps is founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas. A Goddess of Reason is proclaimed by the French Convention at the suggestion of Pierre Gaspard Chaumette. Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which led to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia. The passenger ship Stephen Whitney is wrecked in thick fog off the southern coast of Ireland, killing 92 of the 110 on board. The disaster results in the construction of the Fastnet Rock lighthouse. Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming one of only three American Civil War soldiers executed for war crimes. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement forced on Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars. Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf. At the Battle of Posada, Basarab I of Wallachia defeats the Hungarian army of Charles I Robert. Ulrich II, Count of Celje, last ruler of the County of Cilli, is assassinated in Belgrade. More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter. The synagogue of Judah HeHasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem. Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville. American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of Fishdam Ford a force of British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the South Carolina Patriot militia under Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen. Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla. Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, decides to pass the throne to his crown prince Trần Khâm and take up the post of Retired Emperor. The Republic of Venice enacts a law confining most of Venice's glassmaking industry to the "island of Murano". Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration. Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people mostly noblemen. Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent: The States General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation. The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public. Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed. Japanese daimyō Dom Justo Takayama is exiled to the Philippines by shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu for being Christian. The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours. The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of approximately 5,000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia) to recognize their borders along the Rhine. Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động - Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi. The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. Christopher Columbus returns from his fourth and last voyage. Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published. John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British. The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: A powerful earthquake destroys large portions of the Walls of Constantinople, including 57 towers. Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is deposed on charges of an armed rebellion against Otto. The Charter of the Forest is sealed at St Paul's Cathedral, London by King Henry III, acting under the regency of William Marshall, 1st Earl of Pembroke which re-establishes for free men rights of access to the royal forest that had been eroded by William the Conqueror and his heirs. Battle of Jemappes in the French Revolutionary Wars. Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th President of the United States with only 40% of the popular vote, defeating John C. Breckinridge, John Bell, and Stephen A. Douglas in a four-way race. In New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers College defeats Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey), 6-4, in the first official intercollegiate American football game. President William McKinley is re-elected, along with his vice-presidential running mate, Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York. Republicans also swept the congressional elections, winning increased majorities in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Spanish Civil War: The republican government flees from Madrid to Valencia, leading to the formation of the Madrid Defense Council in its stead. World War II: The 1st Ukrainian Front liberates Kyiv from German occupation. Meet the Press, the longest running television program in history, makes its debut on NBC Television. Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ is appointed to head the South Vietnamese government by General Dương Văn Minh's junta, five days after the latter deposed and assassinated President Ngô Đình Diệm. The United States Atomic Energy Commission tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar. Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested. William III of England lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham. Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies. Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement. Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula. Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia. American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII's older brother - they would later marry. Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (which is nearly destroyed after three days). The Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy. The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of Peru begins. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria. Northwest Indian War: The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is assassinated by a Persian slave in Medina. The River Arno floods causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani. Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops. Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea. English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church. The American Continental Army is disbanded. French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined. Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma. The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal. The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices