A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

A Daily Dose of History (10 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: The "Nyköping Banquet": King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Valdemar, Duke of Finland and Eric, Duke of Södermanland, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice. Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull Exsurge Domine outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate. Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII. Defeat at the Battle of Dungeness causes the Commonwealth of England to reform its navy. The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter. Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley. The first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica is published. France adopts the metre as its official unit of length. Mississippi becomes the 20th U.S. state. American Civil War: The Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy. Forces led by Nguyễn Trung Trực, an anti-colonial guerrilla leader in southern Vietnam, sink the French lorcha L'Esperance. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Gothic War: The Byzantine general Belisarius enters Rome unopposed; the Gothic garrison flees the capital. Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars annihilate an Umayyad army and kill its commander, al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami. The Virgin of Guadalupe first appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City. American Revolutionary War: British troops and Loyalists, misinformed about Patriot militia strength, lose the Battle of Great Bridge, ending British rule in Virginia. Patriot forces led by General Antonio José de Sucre defeat a Royalist army in the Battle of Ayacucho, putting an end to the Peruvian War of Independence. Texas Revolution: The Texian Army captures San Antonio following the Siege of Béxar. The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal. The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces. American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by Congress. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Louis the Stammerer (son of Charles the Bald) is crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom at Compiègne. A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello. Conservative Santiago-based government troops defeat rebels at the Battle of Loncomilla, signaling the end of the 1851 Chilean Revolution. In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin. Pope Pius IX promulgates the encyclical Quanta cura and its appendix, the Syllabus of Errors, outlining the authority of the Catholic Church and condemning various liberal ideas. King Gustaf V of Sweden accedes to the Swedish throne. Leaders of the German Empire hold an Imperial War Council to discuss the possibility that war might break out. World War I: A squadron of Britain's Royal Navy defeats the Imperial German East Asia Squadron in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him as Caesar. The Sajid emir of Adharbayjan, Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj is defeated and captured by the Qarmatians near Kufa. Tumult of Thorn: Religious unrest is followed by the execution of nine Protestant citizens and the mayor of Thorn (Toruń) by Polish authorities. The Royal Opera House opens at Covent Garden, London, England. Delaware becomes the first state to ratify the United States Constitution. The Battle of Montgomery's Tavern, the only battle of the Upper Canada Rebellion, takes place in Toronto, where the rebels are quickly defeated. First concert of the New York Philharmonic, founded by Ureli Corelli Hill. Comparative fuel trials begin between warships HMS Spiteful and HMS Peterel: Spiteful was the first warship powered solely by fuel oil, and the trials led to the obsolescence of coal in ships of the Royal Navy. The Parliament of Northern Ireland votes to remain a part of the United Kingdom and not unify with Southern Ireland. W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts telecasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The telecast also includes the first television advertisement in the United States, for I.J. Fox Furriers, which also sponsored the radio show. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Leo VIII is appointed to the office of Protonotary and begins his papacy as antipope of Rome. Béla I is crowned king of Hungary. Mongol invasion of Rus': Kyiv under Daniel of Galicia and Voivode Dmytro falls to the Mongols under Batu Khan. After exploring island of Cuba for gold, surmising it for Japan, Columbus lands on island similar to Castile, naming it Hispaniola. The city of Quito in Ecuador is founded by Spanish settlers led by Sebastián de Belalcázar. Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge". Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army. Charles Edward Stuart's army begins retreat during the second Jacobite Rising. The U.S. Congress moves from New York City to Philadelphia. Five French warships attempting to escape the Royal Naval blockade of Saint-Domingue are all seized by British warships, signifying the end of the Haitian Revolution. Georgia ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Fourth Council of Toledo takes place. Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona is assassinated. Emir Edigu of Golden Horde reaches Moscow. The first of the two 1456 Central Italy earthquakes measuring Mw 7.2 causes extreme destruction and kills as many as 70,000 people. Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes affectibus, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany. King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of Jewish "heretics" from the country. Charles IX becomes king of France. Sir Francis Drake, after sailing through Strait of Magellan raids Valparaiso. The town of Raahe (Swedish: Brahestad) was founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger. Seven Years' War: Battle of Leuthen: Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Austrasian king Carloman I dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frankish Kingdom. The Kingdom of Jerusalem captures Sidon. Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. The final session of the Council of Trent is held. (It had opened on December 13, 1545.) Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." The Royal Danish Army under the command of King Christian V engages the Swedish Army commanded by the Swedish king Charles XI at the Battle of Lund, to this day it is counted as the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history and a turning point in the Scanian War. Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets suttee in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). American Revolutionary War: USS Alfred becomes the first vessel to fly the Grand Union Flag (the precursor to the Stars and Stripes); the flag is hoisted by John Paul Jones. War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch: Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French at Wiesloch. War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden: French General Jean Victor Marie Moreau decisively defeats the Archduke John of Austria near Munich. Coupled with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's earlier victory at Marengo, this will force the Austrians to sign an armistice and end the war. United States presidential election: The Electoral College casts votes for president and vice president that resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state. The Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany. Battle of the Eureka Stockade: More than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences. The first issue of Tamperean daily newspaper Aamulehti ("Morning Paper") is published. The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club defeats an all-star collection of early football players 16-0, in what is considered to be the very first all-star game for professional American football. The Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon. The University of Leipzig opens. St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren following the Great Fire of London, is consecrated. Swedish parliament approves the Swedish Freedom of the Press Act and implements it as a ground law, thus being first in the world with freedom of speech. At Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor of the French. War of the Third Coalition: Battle of Austerlitz: French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force. Monroe Doctrine: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James Monroe proclaims American neutrality in future European conflicts, and warns European powers not to interfere in the Americas. Manifest Destiny: In a State of the Union message, U.S. President James K. Polk proposes that the United States should aggressively expand into the West. Franz Joseph I becomes Emperor of Austria. French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French as Napoleon III. Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16 raid on Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Alabama ratifies the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed by North Carolina, then Georgia; U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 Dec 2024) Today's historical events: A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. Courtiers Christopher Hatton and Thomas Heneage are knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England. End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. Diarist John Evelyn records skating on the frozen lake in St James's Park, London, watched by Charles II and Queen Catherine. The former slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya in Norway. José Núñez de Cáceres wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the Republic of Spanish Haiti. Pedro I is crowned Emperor of Brazil. Argentine general Juan Lavalle makes a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation. Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British Empire and their Creek allies to capture Pensacola, Spanish Florida. Great Northern War: King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under Pietro Leopoldo I, becomes the first modern state to abolish the death penalty (later commemorated as Cities for Life Day). The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines. In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to an official from the French First Republic. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase. The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate begins an impeachment trial of Federalist Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. First Welland Canal opens for a trial run, five years to the day from the ground breaking. Crimean War: Battle of Sinop: The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey. American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. The Abbasid army under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib defeats the Qarmatians at the Battle of Hama. The papal conclave of 1549-50 begins. The Battle of Swally takes place, which loosens the Portuguese Empire's hold on India. Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez, Mississippi. The magnitude 6.6 Irpinia earthquake causes 1,940 deaths in the former Kingdom of Naples, southern Italy. San Jose, California, is founded as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by José Joaquín Moraga. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California. The crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 54 Africans by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance, beginning the Zong massacre. John VI of Portugal flees Lisbon from advancing Napoleonic forces during the Peninsular War, transferring the Portuguese court to Brazil. An armed rebellion against Russia's rule in Poland begins. The Sonderbund is defeated by the joint forces of other Swiss cantons under General Guillaume-Henri Dufour. Missionaries Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and 15 others are killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Indians, causing the Cayuse War. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (28 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Treaty of Andelot: King Guntram of Burgundy recognizes Childebert II as his heir. Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang. Skanderbeg and his forces liberate Kruja in central Albania and raise the Albanian flag. Champa-Đại Việt War: Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt formally launches his attack against Champa. An expedition under the command of Ferdinand Magellan passes through the Strait of Magellan. In Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway pay a £40 (equivalent to £11,783 in 2020) bond for their marriage licence. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy has its greatest and last victory in the Battle of Oliwa. At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society. At least 3,000 men of the Royal Scots Army led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns defeat about 900 Covenanter insurgents led by James Wallace of Auchens in the Battle of Rullion Green. The first Treaty of Hopewell is signed, by which the United States acknowledges Cherokee lands in what is now East Tennessee. Trade between the United States and modern-day Uruguay begins when John Leamy's frigate John arrives in Montevideo. Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, premieres at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig. The Times of London becomes the first newspaper to be produced on a steam-powered printing press, built by the German team of Koenig & Bauer. Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia. Ka Lā Hui (Hawaiian Independence Day): The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of "Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions. Rufinus, praetorian prefect of the East, is murdered by Gothic mercenaries under Gainas. Byzantine Emperor Maurice is forced to watch as the usurper Phocas executes his five sons before Maurice is beheaded himself. Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. The foundation stone to the Jerusalem Church in Berlin is laid. The Berners Street hoax is perpetrated by Theodore Hook in the City of Westminster, London. Adoption of Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland. Saint Catherine Labouré experiences a Marian apparition. James Pratt and John Smith are hanged in London; they are the last two to be executed for sodomy in England. In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her king from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin-Song Wars. Vlad the Impaler defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time. In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress. Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. The Battle of Berezina begins during Napoleon's retreat from Russia. An earthquake as high as magnitude 8.8 rocks the Banda Sea, triggering a tsunami and killing at least 60 in the Dutch East Indies. Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile. HMS Bulwark is destroyed by a large internal explosion with the loss of 741 men near Sheerness. The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne. The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Châtillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard. A tsunami, caused by an earthquake in the Tyrrhenian Sea, devastates Naples and the Maritime Republic of Amalfi, among other places. King Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava. Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England. The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada. Portuguese conquest of Goa: Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule. The Cudgel War begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when peasants rebel against the imposition of taxes by the nobility. A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people. Trunajaya rebellion: After a long and logistically challenging march, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri. King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, now known as the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary. French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. Later, Fort Pitt will be built nearby and grow into modern Pittsburgh. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople. Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem. Gąsawa massacre: At an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa, Polish Prince Leszek the White, Duke Henry the Bearded and others are attacked by assassins while bathing. An overnight landslide on the north side of Mont Granier, one of the largest historical rockslope failures ever recorded in Europe, destroys five villages. Peter I of Cyprus ascends the throne of Cyprus after his father, Hugh IV of Cyprus, abdicates. Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc unsuccessfully besieges La Charité. Battle of Solway Moss: An English army defeats a much larger Scottish force near the River Esk in Dumfries and Galloway. Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania). South Carolina passes the Ordinance of Nullification, declaring that the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were null and void in the state, beginning the Nullification Crisis. The Texas Provincial Government authorizes the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers (which is now the Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety). Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf, Schleswig-Holstein. Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg. Anna Sewell's animal welfare novel Black Beauty is published. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile. Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England. The Second War of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland. John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship. The start of the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John in what was then the Danish West Indies. French and Poles defeat the Spanish at Battle of Tudela. American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate troops. The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from custody. King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to succeed him. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore. The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon. Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets. Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile. Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island. Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself. Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution. In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched. The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives. The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred. Lý Công Uẩn is enthroned as emperor of Đại Cồ Việt, founding the Lý dynasty. Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V of Georgia captive. The Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presents the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light. In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes make the first untethered hot air balloon flight. North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th U.S. state. American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War. Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound. Port Arthur, China, falls to the Japanese, a decisive victory of the First Sino-Japanese War; Japanese troops are accused of massacring the remaining inhabitants. Claude Monet's paintings shown at Gallery Durand-Ruel in Paris. The Philadelphia Football Athletics defeat the Kanaweola Athletic Club of Elmira, New York, 39-0, in the first-ever professional American football night game. Albert Einstein's paper that leads to the mass-energy equivalence formula, E = mc², is published in the journal Annalen der Physik. Sailors on board Brazil's warships including the Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Bahia, violently rebel in what is now known as the Revolta da Chibata (Revolt of the Lash). Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (20 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. Palermo is conquered by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor. John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, agree to a truce, but Burgundy would kill Orléans three days later. The Peace of Cremona ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, after the victorious Venetian enterprise of military engineering of the Galeas per montes. Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho. Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear. American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey. New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights. Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, premieres in Vienna. The Second Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1790 extent, imposing large indemnities, and prolonging the occupation by Allied troops for several more years. An 80-ton sperm whale attacks and sinks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) from the western coast of South America. (Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick was in part inspired by this incident.) Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado. American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (19 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the magister militum Ricimer. The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah in Iraq. Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island called Borinquen he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed again Puerto Rico). The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War. The Garinagu arrive at British Honduras (present-day Belize). Finnish War: The Convention of Olkijoki in Raahe ends hostilities in Finland. Warsaw University is established. The second Canadian railway line, the Montreal and Lachine Railroad, is opened. American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. A meteorite lands near the village of Grossliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine. Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. The Doom Bar in Cornwall claims two ships, Island Maid and Angele, the latter killing the entire crew except the captain. First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (18 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land. Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV. Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV. Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon. Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam, claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy. A dike in the Grote Hollandse Waard in the Netherlands breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people. This event will be known as St Elizabeth's flood. Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico. French King Charles VIII occupies Florence, Italy. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (17 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November. Genpei War: The Battle of Mizushima takes place off the Japanese coast, where Minamoto no Yoshinaka's invasion force is intercepted and defeated by the Taira clan. John Balliol becomes King of Scotland. Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu. Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon. Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England. English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason. Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification. French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy. The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C. Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place. José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (16 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne. An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects. Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca. American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots. French Revolution: Ninety dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes. Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat. American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail. Greek War of Independence: The London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades. A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor. David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia-Zimbabwe. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (15 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morgarten. Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire: Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet Incan Emperor Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging for a meeting in the city plaza the following day. Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire. Rákóczi's War of Independence: The Hapsburg Empire and Denmark win a military victory over the Kurucs from Hungary in the Battle of Zsibó. The secondly-built Castellania in Valletta is officially inaugurated with the blessing of the interior Chapel of Sorrows. American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation. Pike Expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike spots a mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is later named Pikes Peak in his honor. American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins his March to the Sea. Brazil is declared a republic by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca as Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup. Harry Turner becomes the first player to die from game-related injuries in the "Ohio League", the direct predecessor to the National Football League. Eduskunta declares itself the supreme state power of Finland, prompting its declaration of independence and secession from Russia. The first assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, Switzerland. The Free City of Danzig is established. At least 300 are massacred during a general strike in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (14 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope. James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile. Napoleonic Wars: At the Battle of Smoliani, French Marshals Victor and Oudinot are defeated by the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein. Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, is published in the USA. Pioneering female journalist Nellie Bly (aka Elizabeth Cochrane) begins a successful attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She completes the trip in 72 days. Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performs the first takeoff from a ship in Hampton Roads, Virginia, taking off from a makeshift deck on the USS Birmingham in a Curtiss pusher. The Joensuu City Hall, designed by Eliel Saarinen, was inaugurated in Joensuu, Finland. The Provisional National Assembly of the new republic of Czechoslovakia meets to devise a constitution. The Communist Party of Spain is founded, and issues the first edition of Mundo obrero. The British Broadcasting Company begins radio service in the United Kingdom. The Lions Gate Bridge, connecting Vancouver to the North Shore region, opens to traffic. World War II: In England, Coventry is heavily bombed by German Luftwaffe bombers. Coventry Cathedral is almost completely destroyed. World War II: German troops, aided by local auxiliaries, murder nine thousand residents of the Słonim Ghetto in a single day. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (13 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre. Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are killed. Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne. First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London. Jacobite rising in Scotland: Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive. American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal. James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism. The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliott Bay to what would become Seattle. American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Bull's Gap ends in a Union rout as Confederates under Major General John C. Breckinridge pursue them to Strawberry Plains, Tennessee. The 1901 Caister lifeboat disaster. Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri. World War I: Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription. World War I: beginning of the First Battle of Monte Grappa (in Italy known as the "First Battle of the Piave"). The Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces, despite help from the German Alpenkorps and numerical superiority, will fail their offensive against the Italian Army now led by its new chief of staff Armando Diaz. World War I: Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (12 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. Battle of Posada ends: Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army by ambush. Construction is completed on the Wilberforce Monument in Kingston Upon Hull. Pudge Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player on record, participating in his first paid game for the Allegheny Athletic Association. Abdur Rahman Khan accepts the Durand Line as the border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Raj. Norway holds a referendum resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country. First Balkan War: King George I of Greece makes a triumphal entry into Thessaloniki after its liberation from 482 years of Ottoman rule. The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Dissolution of Austria-Hungary: Austria becomes a republic. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard is defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr. Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rapallo. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (11 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Constantine VIII died, ending his uninterrupted reign as emperor or co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire of 66 years. The Fourth Council of the Lateran meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ. Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them. Tycho Brahe observes the supernova SN 1572. Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery. Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used. Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x). Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (10 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Ten Kingdoms: Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang Pu. The Wu State is replaced by Li (now called "Xu Zhigao"), who becomes the first ruler of Southern Tang. Fourth Crusade: Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia). Raden Wijaya is crowned as the first monarch of Majapahit kingdom of Java, taking the throne name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Władysław III of Poland (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Władysław III of Varna) are defeated by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Władysław is killed. Åbo Bloodbath: Fourteen gentries who opposed Duke Charles were decapitated in the Old Great Square of Turku (Swedish: Åbo) for their involvement in the power struggle between King Sigismund and Duke Charles and the related peasant revolt known as the Cudgel War. Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Maratha King kills Afzal Khan, Adilshahi in the battle popularly known as Battle of Pratapgarh. Third Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherland to England. English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne's War. The last colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University). The United States Marine Corps is founded at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia by Samuel Nicholas. A Goddess of Reason is proclaimed by the French Convention at the suggestion of Pierre Gaspard Chaumette. Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which led to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia. The passenger ship Stephen Whitney is wrecked in thick fog off the southern coast of Ireland, killing 92 of the 110 on board. The disaster results in the construction of the Fastnet Rock lighthouse. Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming one of only three American Civil War soldiers executed for war crimes. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (09 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement forced on Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars. Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf. At the Battle of Posada, Basarab I of Wallachia defeats the Hungarian army of Charles I Robert. Ulrich II, Count of Celje, last ruler of the County of Cilli, is assassinated in Belgrade. More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath. Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter. The synagogue of Judah HeHasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem. Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville. American Revolutionary War: In the Battle of Fishdam Ford a force of British and Loyalist troops fail in a surprise attack against the South Carolina Patriot militia under Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen. Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming First Consul of the successor Consulate Government. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (08 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla. Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, decides to pass the throne to his crown prince Trần Khâm and take up the post of Retired Emperor. The Republic of Venice enacts a law confining most of Venice's glassmaking industry to the "island of Murano". Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration. Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people mostly noblemen. Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent: The States General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation. The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public. Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed. Japanese daimyō Dom Justo Takayama is exiled to the Philippines by shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu for being Christian. The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours. The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of approximately 5,000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (07 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Athanasius is banished to Trier, on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia) to recognize their borders along the Rhine. Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động - Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi. The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the Earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France. Christopher Columbus returns from his fourth and last voyage. Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia. The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published. John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British. The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (06 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: A powerful earthquake destroys large portions of the Walls of Constantinople, including 57 towers. Synod of Rome: Emperor Otto I calls a council at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope John XII is deposed on charges of an armed rebellion against Otto. The Charter of the Forest is sealed at St Paul's Cathedral, London by King Henry III, acting under the regency of William Marshall, 1st Earl of Pembroke which re-establishes for free men rights of access to the royal forest that had been eroded by William the Conqueror and his heirs. Battle of Jemappes in the French Revolutionary Wars. Abraham Lincoln is elected the 16th President of the United States with only 40% of the popular vote, defeating John C. Breckinridge, John Bell, and Stephen A. Douglas in a four-way race. In New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers College defeats Princeton University (then known as the College of New Jersey), 6-4, in the first official intercollegiate American football game. President William McKinley is re-elected, along with his vice-presidential running mate, Governor Theodore Roosevelt of New York. Republicans also swept the congressional elections, winning increased majorities in both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Spanish Civil War: The republican government flees from Madrid to Valencia, leading to the formation of the Madrid Defense Council in its stead. World War II: The 1st Ukrainian Front liberates Kyiv from German occupation. Meet the Press, the longest running television program in history, makes its debut on NBC Television. Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ is appointed to head the South Vietnamese government by General Dương Văn Minh's junta, five days after the latter deposed and assassinated President Ngô Đình Diệm. The United States Atomic Energy Commission tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (05 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar. Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested. William III of England lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham. Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach. The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies. Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement. Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula. Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia. American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac. American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to death. Thirty-eight are ultimately hanged and the others reprieved. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (04 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII's older brother - they would later marry. Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (which is nearly destroyed after three days). The Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy. The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of Peru begins. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria. Northwest Indian War: The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (03 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim caliph, is assassinated by a Persian slave in Medina. The River Arno floods causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani. Liège is sacked by Charles I of Burgundy's troops. Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea. English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church. The American Continental Army is disbanded. French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined. Napoleon's armies are defeated at the Battle of Vyazma. The Bank of Montreal, Canada's oldest chartered bank, opens in Montreal. The Times of India, the world's largest circulated English language daily broadsheet newspaper is founded as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (02 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: A qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is assassinated in a Chinese palace by Eastern Turkic rivals after the approval of Tang emperor Gaozu. Plymouth Colony governor Josiah Winslow leads a colonial militia against the Narragansett during King Philip's War. The French Directory, a five-man revolutionary government, is created. Time zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally. North Dakota and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states. The Boers begin their 118-day siege of British-held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War. Bulgaria defeats the Ottoman Empire in the Battle of Lule Burgas, the bloodiest battle of the First Balkan War, which opens her way to Constantinople. World War I: The Russian Empire declares war on the Ottoman Empire and the Dardanelles are subsequently closed. The Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" with the clear understanding "that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities". The Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, in charge of preparation and carrying out the Russian Revolution, holds its first meeting. In the United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio station. The first broadcast is the result of the 1920 United States presidential election. The British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, the world's first regular, "high-definition" (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed BBC1 in 1964, the channel still runs to this day. World War II: First day of Battle of Elaia-Kalamas between the Greeks and the Italians. In California, designer Howard Hughes performs the maiden (and only) flight of the Hughes H-4 Hercules (also known as the "Spruce Goose"), the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (01 Nov 2024) Today's historical events: The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German). Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of 'King of England'. The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks. The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists". Pope Julius II is elected. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time. The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigation voyage. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (31 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor. Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Conspirators place Nikephoros, the minister of finance, on the Byzantine throne. Abbasid caliph al-Muqtadir is killed while fighting against the forces of general Mu'nis al-Muzaffar. Al-Muqtadir's brother al-Qahir is chosen to succeed him. Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg. Emperor Agustín de Iturbide attempts to dissolve the Congress of the Mexican Empire. The New Zealand Wars resume as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato. Nevada is admitted as the 36th U.S. state. The Purdue Wreck, a railroad train collision in Indianapolis, kills 17 people, including 14 players of the Purdue University football team. The Parliament of Finland approved the Prohibition Act, but the law was not implemented because it was not ratified by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Dedication of the Lincoln Highway, the first automobile highway across United States. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (30 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Arab-Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge. Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates. Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later. The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia. Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado. Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios. War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers. Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history. Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes. The Treaty of Vienna is signed, by which Denmark relinquishes one province each to Prussia and Austria. The Rudd Concession is granted by Matabeleland to agents of Cecil Rhodes. World War I: The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies. World War I: Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, a state union of Kingdom of Hungary and Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia is abolished with decisions of Croatian and Hungarian parliaments Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (29 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Constantine the Great enters Rome after his victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, stages a grand adventus in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber and beheaded. Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Emperor in Constantinople unifying the two branches of the House of Theodosius. Conradin is executed along with his companion Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily. First trial for witchcraft in Paris leading to the death of three people. Battle of Brustem: Charles the Bold defeats Prince-Bishopric of Liège. Pope Innocent IX is elected. Russian homage to the King of Poland, Sigismund III Vasa. English adventurer, writer, and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against James I of England. The London Pageant of 1621 celebrates the inauguration of Edward Barkham (Lord Mayor). Second Northern War: Naval forces of the Dutch Republic defeat the Swedes in the Battle of the Sound. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (27 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Constantine is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Æthelstan, the first king of all England, dies and is succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund I. Traditional founding of the city of Amsterdam. French troops lay siege to Pavia. Condemned as a heretic, Michael Servetus is burned at the stake just outside Geneva. Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War. Philadelphia is founded in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. King George III expands on his Proclamation of Rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies in his speech from the throne at the opening of Parliament. The French Army enters Berlin, following the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt. United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida. Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be killed. Franco-Prussian War: Marshal Bazaine surrenders to Prussian forces at the conclusion of the Siege of Metz along with 140,000 French soldiers. The first underground New York City Subway line opens, later designated as the IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line. Fifteen people are killed in Hungary when a gunman opens fire on a crowd gathered at a church consecration. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (26 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: The Uprising of Asen and Peter begins on the feast day of St. Demetrius of Thessaloniki and ends with the creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Byzantine civil war of 1341-1347 formally begins with the proclamation of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor. Tvrtko I is crowned the first king of Bosnia. Charles V is crowned as Holy Roman Emperor. Imjin War: Korean Admiral Yi Sun-sin routs the Japanese Navy of 300 ships with only 13 ships at the Battle of Myeongnyang. The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Covenanter Scotland and King Charles. General Enea Silvio Piccolomini of Austria burns down Skopje to prevent the spread of cholera; he dies of the disease soon afterwards. American Revolution: The First Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia. War of 1812: A combined force of British regulars, Canadian militia and Mohawks defeat the United States Army in the Battle of the Chateauguay. The Erie Canal opens, allowing direct passage from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. The Royal Charter Storm kills at least eight hundred people in the British Isles. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (25 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire. Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum. Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights reconquer Lisbon. Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt. Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast. War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre. King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II. War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian. Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (24 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: In the Second Battle of Bedriacum, troops loyal to Vespasian defeat those of Emperor Vitellius. Chartres Cathedral is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. The Treaty of Brétigny is ratified, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War. John White, the governor of the second Roanoke Colony, returns to England after an unsuccessful search for the "lost" colonists. The second Spanish armada sets sail to strike against England, but is smashed by storms off Cape Finisterre forcing a retreat to port. Felim O'Neill of Kinard, the leader of the Irish Rebellion, issues his Proclamation of Dungannon, justifying the uprising and declaring continued loyalty to King Charles I of England. The Peace of Westphalia is signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War. Poland is completely consumed by Russia, Prussia and Austria. Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Maloyaroslavets takes place near Moscow. William Lassell discovers the moons Umbriel and Ariel orbiting Uranus. Sheffield F.C., the world's oldest association football club still in operation, is founded in England. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (23 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: Valentinian III is elevated as Roman emperor at the age of six. The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theoderic, absolves Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius. Spanish Reconquista: At the Battle of Sagrajas, the Almoravids defeats the Castilians, but are unable to take advantage of their victory. The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the Danish Civil War. The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris. Irish Catholic gentry from Ulster attempt to seize control of Dublin Castle, the seat of English rule in Ireland, so as to force concessions. The Battle of Edgehill is the first major battle of the English Civil War. The First Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain convenes. General Claude François de Malet begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon, claiming that the Emperor died in the Russian campaign. The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts. American Civil War: The Battle of Westport is the last significant engagement west of the Mississippi River. Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe. The Italo-Turkish War sees the first use of an airplane in combat when an Italian pilot makes a reconnaissance flight. First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (22 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council. Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto). Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000-5,000 captives. The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder. The Ming dynasty defeats the Dutch East India Company. The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War. Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed. The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira. The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank. Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign. André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Paris. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Daily Dose of History (21 Oct 2024) Today's historical events: A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of Antioch. Japanese Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicates in favor of rival claimant Go-Komatsu. Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as the Strait of Magellan. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara and becomes shōgun of Japan. The flag of Taunton, Massachusetts is the first to include the word "Liberty". In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched. Napoleonic Wars: A British fleet led by Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Villeneuve in the Battle of Trafalgar. Portland cement is patented. Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War. American Civil War: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Information from this episode are sourced from API Ninjas Explanations from OpenAI ChatGPT API with proprietary prompts. This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices