英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

At the Computer History Museum in the heart of Silicon Valley, people gathered recently at the African Diaspora Investment Symposium to talk about the future of Africa business.在硅谷中心的计算机历史博物馆，人们最近齐聚非洲侨民投资研讨会，探讨非洲商业的未来。In the past, many Africans and especially people like me from the diaspora were not invited to the table to really discuss on issues that mattered for the continent.过去，许多非洲人，尤其是像我这样旅居海外的非洲人，没有被邀请参与真正讨论对非洲大陆至关重要的问题。So we said, well, what if we can just bring everyone together so we can have that discussion at the same table?我们就想，如果我们能把所有人聚到一起，让大家围坐一桌进行讨论，会怎么样呢？Remittances, money set by people living in the U.S. to family in Africa, has long been a key way to support the continent, speaker said.发言人表示，汇款，即居住在美国的人寄给非洲家人的钱，长期以来一直是支持非洲大陆的关键方式。But Negash and others said there are other uses of diaspora funds.但内加什和其他人表示，侨民资金还有其他用途。How do we scale remittances, so that it can also be invested in other people than our family, supporting startups?我们如何扩大汇款规模，以便除了资助自己的家人之外，还能将其投资于其他人，支持初创企业呢？While many investors and businesses want to come to Africa, it can be a challenge to navigate, which is why African nations have been working on the African continent of free trade area, said Joseph Mucheru, Google's first Sub-Saharan African lead and our minister in the Kenya government.谷歌首位撒哈拉以南非洲地区负责人、肯尼亚政府部长约瑟夫·穆切鲁表示，虽然许多投资者和企业希望来到非洲，但在这里开展业务可能是一项挑战，这就是为什么非洲国家一直在推进非洲大陆自由贸易区建设。How do they with the different regulations, different countries be able to get into the continent? So we are providing the platform that they can now use.他们如何应对不同的规定，不同国家的人怎样才能进入这个大陆呢？所以我们正在提供他们现在可以使用的平台。They come, and as part of the continental free-trade area, they are able to then go to many of the other different markets.他们来了后，作为非洲大陆自由贸易区的一部分，他们随后能够进入许多其他不同的市场。For the roughly 50 African entrepreneurs attending the event, this was an opportunity to pitch their businesses.对于参加活动的约50名非洲企业家来说，这是一个推介他们企业的机会。Aboubacar Komara, an architect from Guinea, is working on a housing startup.来自几内亚的建筑师Aboubacar Komara正在为一家住房初创公司工作。We're implicating people in the process of actually building their homes, you know.我们实际上是在让人们参与建造自己家园的过程中。We want to change the concept of what is architecture because architecture has a lot to do with your identity.我们想改变建筑的概念，因为建筑与你的身份认同有很大关系。Neile Nkholise is the chief executive of a sports technology company in South Africa.Neile Nkholise是南非一家体育科技公司的首席执行官。We have a smart wearable that are sewn into the garments around the joint ankles of the athletes' garments.我们有一款智能可穿戴设备，被缝制在运动员服装的脚踝关节周围。Barbara Birungi Mutabazi runs Uganda Women In Technology, which trains female students and young women for technology jobs like coding.芭芭拉·比伦吉·穆塔巴齐运营着乌干达女性科技组织，该组织为女学生和年轻女性提供编程等科技类工作的培训。Yeah, I made some really good connections especially in terms of funding, fundraising. And I'm proud to be a second generation family business leader.我建立了一些非常好的人脉关系，尤其是在资金筹集方面。我很自豪能成为家族企业的第二代领导者。For many of the attendees, the event was a welcome chance to talk about Africa's successes.对许多与会者来说，这次活动是一个谈论非洲成就的好机会。Thelma Ekiyor runs a Nigeria-based business accelerator and an investment fund for women-run businesses.塞尔玛·埃基约尔经营着一家总部位于尼日利亚的商业加速器，以及一个面向女性经营企业的投资基金。"I think one of the problems that Africans had for years is we tend not to talk about the progress and the developments that are happening on the continent,我认为非洲人多年来面临的一个问题是，我们往往不去谈论这片大陆上正在发生的进步和发展。So it's been a pleasure to come here and share with people that live here in the valley about the work that we're doing.很高兴能来到这里，和在硅谷生活的人们分享我们正在做的工作。The connections made at this event can be long lasting as people look for ways to be part of the burgeoning African business sector. 由于人们在寻找融入蓬勃发展的非洲商业领域的途径，在此次活动中建立的人脉关系可能会持续很久。

Grueling work for little pay, that's the daily reality for millions of children across Africa.做着辛苦的工作，报酬却十分微薄，这就是非洲数百万儿童的日常写照。The International Labour Organization estimates about 73 million children in Africa are sent out to work because of widespread poverty, insufficient access to education and conflict, some as young as five years old.国际劳工组织估计，非洲约有7300万儿童因普遍贫困、教育机会不足和冲突而被送去工作，有些年仅五岁。What we're talking about is work that puts their future in jeopardy whether because their health is on the line.我们谈论的是危及他们未来的工作，无论是由于他们的健康受到威胁。They're working in mines, for example, where the imminent danger of a mine collapse or death.例如，他们在矿井里工作，那里随时可能发生矿井坍塌甚至有生命危险。Murtada Al-Haj left school in Sudan when he was 12. For him, it was a choice between study or feeding his family.穆尔塔达·哈吉12岁时就离开了苏丹的学校。对他来说，这是在学习和养活家人之间做出的选择。My mother kept telling me in the future and when our life gets better and not get worse, I'll study and become a doctor. But all of a sudden, the whole situation occurred in Sudan.我妈妈一直告诉我，将来等我们的生活变好而不是更糟时，我会去学习并成为一名医生。但突然间，苏丹的整个局势发生了变化。According to the ILO, 85 percent of Africa's child labourers work in agriculture.根据国际劳工组织的数据，非洲85%的童工从事农业劳动。Across all sectors, many are subject to backbreaking labor, long hours and exposure to dangerous environments. Rights advocates say injuries are not the only problem.在所有行业中，许多人都要承受繁重的劳动、长时间工作，还要暴露在危险的环境中。权益倡导者表示，受伤并非唯一的问题。There are other negative aspects because the children's self-esteem is low. Because all the time he faces insults, he has a low self-esteem.还有其他负面影响，因为孩子的自尊心很低。因为他一直面对侮辱，所以自尊心很低。Because all the time the factory's owner insults him, makes him feel that he is less than anyone. So you are already bringing up a generation that has no self confidence.因为工厂老板一直在侮辱他，让他觉得自己不如任何人。所以你正在培养一代没有自信的人。Experts say putting kids to work is no solution to extreme poverty.专家说，让孩子们工作并不能解决极端贫困问题。They don't have the opportunity to get an education and learn those skills that would enable them to get a decent job and become productive workers when they're older.他们没有机会接受教育，学习那些技能，这些技能能让他们在长大后找到一份体面的工作，成为有生产力的工人。Several African governments including Ivory Coast, Mali, Rwanda and Nigeria have taken steps to address the worst form of child labor, but it's not enough.包括科特迪瓦、马里、卢旺达和尼日利亚在内的多个非洲国家政府已采取措施解决性质最为恶劣的童工问题，但这还不够。Poverty, illiteracy and cultural belief, religious prejudices, these are some of the reasons that I was actually affected, you know, the efficacy.贫穷、文盲、文化观念和宗教偏见，这些问题我都曾经遭受过，我可以感同身受。Major U.S. companies including Apple, Google, Hershey's and Nestle USA have come under fire for allegedly failing to combat child labor in their supply chains.包括苹果、谷歌、好时和雀巢在内的美国主要公司因被指控未能解决供应链中的童工问题而受到抨击。The companies say they're committed to responsible sourcing that prohibits the use of child labor.这些公司表示，他们致力于负责任的采购，杜绝聘用童工。The UN's goal is to end child labour by 2025, an ambitious goal for our continent with the highest rates of child labor in the world. 联合国的目标是到2025年消除童工现象，这对我们这个拥有全球最高童工率的洲来说，这是一个雄心勃勃的目标。

Since its discovery, food businesses have encouraged high-protein diets, according to research by the University of Oregon. Whether it's bars, shakes or even marshmallows, protein has always prevailed in conversations about health and fitness. Some people think that these kinds of diets are a fad because high-protein products appear on supermarket shelves often. However, these diets have slightly stagnated within the realm of wellness.根据俄勒冈大学的研究，自发现以来，食品企业一直鼓励高蛋白饮食。 无论是能量棒、奶昔甚至棉花糖，蛋白质在有关健康和健身的话题中始终占据主导地位。 有些人认为这种饮食是一种时尚，因为高蛋白产品经常出现在超市货架上。 然而，这些饮食在健康领域略有停滞。And that's because there's now another food group gaining popularity – fibre. Found in foods like fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes, our enzymes can't break down fibre into nutrients to absorb like it would with other food groups. Instead, it passes through the digestive system, which helps regulate bowel movements. Multiple studies have shown that certain types of fibre can lower cholesterol, help manage blood sugar levels and improve general gut health. It can also help you feel fuller for longer as it takes more time to digest.那是因为现在另一种食物越来越受欢迎——纤维。 我们的酶存在于水果、蔬菜、谷物、坚果、种子和豆类等食物中，但它不能像其他食物组那样将纤维分解成营养物质以供吸收。 相反，它通过消化系统，有助于调节排便。 多项研究表明，某些类型的纤维可以降低胆固醇，帮助控制血糖水平并改善整体肠道健康。 它还可以帮助您更长时间地感到饱腹感，因为消化需要更多时间。The World Health Organisation recommends that adults consume 25-35g of fibre a day. However, research by Tate & Lyle between the years of 2021 and 2022 shows that adults in many countries aren't even close to that benchmark. The National Institute of Health tells us that the fibre intake in women is less than men. Additionally, data from the World Health Organisation shows a trend that those living outside of cities, like villages and in the countryside, have lower fibre consumption in comparison to those who live in cities.世界卫生组织建议成年人每天摄入 25-35 克纤维。 然而，泰莱尔 (Tate & Lyle) 在 2021 年至 2022 年期间的研究表明，许多国家的成年人甚至没有接近该基准。 美国国立卫生研究院告诉我们，女性的纤维摄入量少于男性。 此外，世界卫生组织的数据显示，与居住在城市的人相比，居住在城市以外的人（例如村庄和农村）的纤维消耗量较低。Studies have found that not eating enough fibre can have detrimental consequences on your health. Without it, your gut bacteria can't fight excess inflammation, provide energy, or manage your blood sugar levels or your mood. Physically, you're more likely to be constipated and to feel sluggish and tired. 研究发现，摄入纤维不足会对您的健康产生不利影响。 没有它，您的肠道细菌就无法对抗过度炎症、提供能量或控制血糖水平或情绪。 从身体上来说，您更有可能出现便秘、感觉迟钝和疲倦。 So, what can you do? Well, dieticians say that you should eat five to eight portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Try throwing in a handful of cooked lentils or chickpeas into curries, soups or salads. You can also eat seeds, nuts and dried fruit as your snack between meals. It might feel fashionable to talk about fibre at the moment, but science suggests that we need it to be healthy. So, be careful to follow dieticians' advice and try to eat your fruits and veggies!那么，你能做什么？ 营养师说，你每天应该吃五到八份水果和蔬菜。 尝试将一把煮熟的扁豆或鹰嘴豆放入咖喱、汤或沙拉中。 您还可以在两餐之间吃种子、坚果和干果作为零食。 目前谈论纤维可能很时尚，但科学表明我们需要它才能保持健康。 所以，一定要听从营养师的建议，多吃水果和蔬菜！

In order to survive the cold, emperor penguins must remain on platforms of sea ice for long enough every year to replace weather-beaten feathers with new waterproof coats. Little was known about what is called catastrophic moulting until researchers at the British Antarctic Survey looked at satellite pictures of the frozen continent and spotted brown smudges. They realised they were mounds of feathers. But global warming is now rapidly changing Antarctica. 为了在严寒中生存，帝企鹅每年必须在海冰平台上停留足够长的时间，以将历经风雨的羽毛换成一套全新的防水 “大衣”。此前，人们对帝企鹅这种被称为 “灾难性换羽” 的过程知之甚少，直到英国南极调查局的研究人员看了这片冰封大陆的卫星照片时，发现了一些棕色的斑块。他们意识到这些斑点其实是堆积如山的羽毛。不过，全球变暖正在迅速改变着南极洲。Satellite images show that after summer sea ice shrank dramatically in 2022 and 23, there were fewer smudges, suggesting many penguins had died in West Antarctica. There is hope that some move to safer ice, but it is another sign of how climate change is endangering some of the world's most vulnerable animals.卫星图像显示，自夏季海冰于 2022 年和 2023 年大规模缩小之后，棕色斑块的数量有所减少，这表明西南极洲的许多企鹅可能已经死亡。虽然人们仍希望部分企鹅能迁移到更安全的冰面上，但这一迹象再次表明，气候变化正危及世界上一些最脆弱的动物的生存。

The students in this class reflect the diverse nature of American society.这个班的学生反映了美国社会的多样性。Elizabeth Kleinrock is teaching students how to respect differences and challenge prejudice, racism, social injustice, and learn how to be the agents of change in their own lives.伊丽莎白·克莱因洛克正在教导学生如何尊重差异、挑战偏见、种族主义和社会不公，并学习如何推动生活变革。If you can't talk about race comfortably, how are we everyone to end systemic racism in our country?如果你不能自在地谈论种族问题，我们又怎能共同终结国内的制度性种族主义?And I think it's really important to have these conversations with children because they have this very clear, pure, less biased way of looking at the world, where they haven't learned that these topics are things that they should be afraid of.我认为与孩子们进行这些对话非常重要，因为他们看待世界的方式非常清晰、纯粹且较少偏见，他们尚未学会对这些话题产生畏惧。So they're more willing to sit down and have a conversation about it.他们更愿意坐下来谈谈这件事。Anti-immigrant attitudes, bullying, racism, anti-LGBT and written slurs in the bathrooms, desks and lockers are all issues that have been reported in American schools.反移民态度、霸凌、种族主义、反LGBT以及在洗手间、课桌和储物柜上出现的侮辱性文字等问题，均是美国校园内被举报过的问题。According to hate crime statistics report released by the Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI, an astonishing 7120 hate crime incidents were reported in 2018.根据联邦调查局发布的仇恨犯罪统计报告，2018年报告的仇恨犯罪案件数量高达7120起。We already live in a diverse world in a diverse country here in the United States.我们已经生活在美国这个多元化的国家中。And to recognize that there is no inferiority or superiority associated with that, there is something beautiful indifference,要认识到这其中不存在优劣之分，有一种美好的平等；there's something beautiful and getting to know someone whose background is different from yours, who has cultural traditions that are different from yours, and it's not something to be afraid of.去了解一个背景与你不同、文化传统与你相异的人，这是一件美好的事情，而且这没什么好害怕的。If we can get this with young people early, then they can grow up to be the decision-makers, the people who make laws, the people who enforce laws, the people who are then educators, that can hopefully turn our society around.如果我们能尽早让年轻人明白这一点，他们就能成长为决策者、立法者、执法人员以及教育工作者，这些人或许能扭转我们社会的现状。If we can get them at this age now where they're ready to sit and listen to different perspectives and express how they feel, I just have so much more hope for the future of our communities.如果能在他们这个年纪就让他们学会坐下来倾听不同的观点并表达自己的感受，我对我们社区的未来就会充满更多希望。The course also works to teach children what to do when they encountered intolerance in all its forms.该课程还致力于教导孩子们当他们遇到各种形式的不宽容行为时应该怎么做。Then when you see and just as happening, you can actually take action against it.当你看到事情正在发生时，你实际上可以采取行动来应对它。As an individual but also as part of collective action that organizations or groups might be doing because we know that change happens when we work together.作为个人，同时也是组织或团体可能采取的集体行动的一部分，因为我们深知唯有携手合作才能带来改变。Tolerance magazine was founded in 1991 to prevent the growth of hate. Most writers for this magazine are freelancers and volunteers.《宽容》杂志创刊于1991年，旨在阻止仇恨的蔓延。该杂志大部分撰稿人都是自由职业者和志愿者。Their articles not only address social issues, but also fuel further discussion on topics that are considered taboo in most parts of United States.他们的文章不仅探讨社会问题，还进一步引发了在美国大部分地区被视为禁忌话题的讨论。Materials produced by the magazine have won two Oscars, an Emmy and scores of honors.该杂志制作的作品获得了两项奥斯卡奖、一项艾美奖等众多荣誉。

I wanted one probably for, I don't know, as long as I could think.我一直都想要一部手机，大概从很早就想要了。Getting a first cellphone is a rite of passage for many kids around the world, a taste of independence.对于全球许多孩子来说，拥有第一部手机是一种成长的标志，也是体验独立的开始。When the bell rings to go home, literally everyone takes out their phones, and they're just like staring down at it.放学铃声一响，所有人立刻掏出手机，低头盯着屏幕。But a new phone brings risks. The parents agonize about too much screen time and online predators.但新手机也带来了风险。家长们为过多的屏幕时间和网络上的潜在危险而苦恼。When she discovered one of her daughters was being targeted by an adult man on the social media platform designed for kids, Alani Parker was outraged.当阿兰妮·帕克发现自己的一个女儿在专为儿童设计的社交媒体平台上被一名成年男子盯上时，她感到无比愤怒。I mean it was so scary because I just had no idea who really was there and who really was she talking to.这太吓人了，因为我完全不知道到底是谁在那里，她到底是在和谁说话。Parker did not want her kids to have smartphones, but she wanted the ability to be in touch with them. Then we heard about Gap Wireless.帕克不想让她的孩子拥有智能手机，但她希望能够与他们保持联系。后来我们听说了Gap Wireless公司。Gap Wireless is a new cellular network created just for kids. The starter phone looks just like a smartphone, but without internet.Gap Wireless是为儿童打造的全新移动网络，入门款手机外形与智能手机无异，但不具备上网功能。Kids can make voice calls and send text. It has a camera, calculator, calendar and a clock with an alarm. No social networking, no videos.孩子们可以打电话和发短信。它有摄像头、计算器、日历和带闹钟的时钟。不支持社交网络，不能播放视频。The average high school student now is coming home with already almost 5 hours of screen time consumption before they get home from school.现在，普通高中生在放学回家前，已经花了近5个小时盯着电子屏幕了。We've created devices that really are advocates of living life outside of the screen.我们创造了真正倡导人们脱离屏幕、享受现实生活的设备。The Parker girls celebrated their new phones. Friends, however, not so much.帕克家的女孩们很高兴拥有了新手机。但是她们的朋友们却不这样想。When I told some of my friends about my phone, they're like, wow, that's really basic.当我向一些朋友展示我的手机时，他们的反应是，这也太基础了。Your mom must be mean. But I know she's all just doing it to protect me and she loves me.你妈妈一定很吝啬。但我知道她这么做只是为了保护我，因为她爱我。Keeping connected to the kids while unplugging them from outside distractions and threats.这能够使家长与孩子保持联系，同时让他们远离外界的干扰和威胁。

At this Silicon Valley high school, teachers are locking up students' phones.在硅谷的这所高中，老师们正在没收学生的手机。Checking their phones and texting and going on social media, and I would confiscate the phone over and over and over.检查他们有没有在玩手机、发短信、刷社交媒体，我会一遍又一遍地没收手机。We were just playing for a night, like on top of the desks with their phones, like in the middle of class.我们只是晚上玩，手机放在桌子上，就像在课上那样。We did see some students upwards of like 11, 12 hours of screen time a day.我们确实看到一些学生每天的屏幕使用时间长达11、12个小时。Each student now has to stow their phone in this small cloth pouch with a magnetized lock.现在每个学生都必须把手机放进这个带磁力锁的小布袋里。This pin, and go right in here, and now it's kind of locked for the day. And then at the end of the day, they find one of these. And all they have to do is really tap it.把这个别针扣上去，然后这一整天手机就锁在里面了。一天结束后，他们会拿到一个这个东西。他们只需要轻轻一敲就行了。It is called a Yondr pouch. Yondr is used at concerts and art venues for a phone free experience, but it is quickly found its way into schools in the U.S. and Europe.它被称为Yondr袋。Yondr被用于音乐会和艺术场所，以提供无手机体验，但它很快就在美国和欧洲的学校中流行起来。The students are very engaged this year, instead of just taking selfies or looking at their phones. But some students struggle with smartphone separation.今年学生们参与度很高，不再只是自拍或看手机。但有些学生还是难以摆脱智能手机。People put stuff on the needle. They'll break the needle. Or they'll even buy magnets online so they can unlock it.人们往别针上放东西，会把针弄坏，甚至还会在网上买磁铁来解锁它。The school has wellness counselors available and support groups for those experiencing stress without their phones.学校为那些因没有手机而感到压力的人提供健康顾问和互助小组。It's harder to escape like our problems and our anxiety and depression when we don't have our phone sometimes.有时没有手机时，就会出现各种问题，比如焦虑，抑郁。What starts over this type of screen dependency is what motivated Yondr CEO Graham Dugoni, a former pro-soccer player to create Yondr.正是这种对屏幕的依赖促使Yondr首席执行官格雷厄姆·杜戈尼——这位前职业足球运动员——创立了Yondr公司。People primarily digesting the world through a screen 8 to 10 hours a day.人们每天主要通过屏幕来了解世界，时间长达8到10小时。For me, it became very clear that the idea of device-free spaces in every modern urban setting is something that probably needs to happen and would be helpful.对我来说，现代城市环境中设置无设备区域的想法显然很有必要且大有裨益。The cost of rent equipment is around 20,000 dollars per year or 12 dollars a student, which Graham says so far seems more than worth it to the staff.租赁设备的费用约为每年2万美元或每名学生12美元，格雷厄姆表示目前这对员工来说似乎非常值得。It's tough to imagine what a classroom with cell phones would look like now.如今很难想象教室里人手一部手机会是什么样子。The greatest benefit they are hoping for is a big boost in grades once report cards come out. 他们最期待的好处是成绩能大幅提升。

Athletes and organizers in Budapest say the water is fine in the fast-flowing Danube river.布达佩斯的运动员和组织者说，多瑙河的湍急水流很好。Here it's the current that many people see is scary or causes them anxiety.这是许多人看到的令人恐惧或焦虑的急流。In recent years, we noticed that we Hungarians swim very little in the Danube.近年来，我们注意到匈牙利人很少在多瑙河上游泳。The event is part of the Budapest Urban Games where the city's local government encourages using the city's parks, roads and waterways as sporting venues.该活动是布达佩斯城市运动会的一部分，市政府鼓励将城市的公园、道路和水道用作体育场地。In past years, concerns about pollution and the Danube kept many swimmers away.过去几年里，对污染和多瑙河的担忧使许多游泳者望而却步。But the Urban Games founder and organizer Balazs Mezos says the city cleaned up the river years ago.但城市运动会的创始人兼组织者Balazs Mezos表示，该市多年前就对这条河流进行了清理。We try to tell people every year that the Danube is clean. Since 2010 we've channeled all sewage to a cleaning plant. Plus we're far from the eddies at the foot of the bridges.我们每年都试图告诉人们多瑙河很干净。自2010年以来，我们已将所有污水引至污水处理厂。另外，我们离桥底的漩涡还很远。Athletes swim for causes like breast cancer awareness.运动员们为提高对乳腺癌的认知等事业而游泳。But former Hungarian Olympic and World Champion boxer Ko-Ko Kvacs swims for national pride.但前匈牙利奥运会和世界拳王Ko-Ko Kvacs为民族骄傲而游泳。To swim in our beautiful river is not a big challenge, it's a great feeling.在我们美丽的河流中游泳并非巨大挑战，而是一种绝妙享受。You know, I born in Budapest, I live in Budapest and I make a lot of sports activities in Budapest.我出生在布达佩斯，我住在布达佩斯，我在布达佩斯参加了很多体育活动。And that's just a certain moment in our life to swim in this beautiful river and everybody have to try.这只是我们生命中某个特定的时刻，在这条美丽的河流中畅游，每个人都应该尝试。About 700 swimmers swam in the European Union's longest river during the recent Budapest Urban Games.在最近举行的布达佩斯城市运动会期间，大约700名游泳者在欧盟最长的河流中游泳。Organizers only allowed about 20 to 25 swimmers at a time to observe social distancing guidelines.组织者每次只允许约20到25名游泳者下水，以遵守社交距离准则。