The Future of Everything

We’re just weeks away from a national election, and in our polarized society, we all know it can be difficult to find and create spaces for thoughtful policy discussions. A couple of years ago, James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford, joined the podcast. He talked about a system called deliberative polling that can serve as a model for structuring small group discussions to help bring people together and bridge differences in conversations about some of the most politically fraught issues. It’s an opportune time to bring this conversation back for another listen and we hope our discussion helps as you go about your conversations through this political season and beyond. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: James FishkinJames’ Lab: Deliberative Democracy LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest James Fishkin, a professor of communication at Stanford.(00:01:31) What is Deliberative Democracy?The concept of deliberative democracy and how it addresses political divides.(00:03:47) Managing Balance in DeliberationThe importance of balanced group discussions and strategies for avoiding conflict.(00:04:55) Scaling Deliberation for Large GroupsThe logistics and technology behind scaling to larger groups, both online and in person.(00:06:54) Deciding Which Questions to AddressHow tough issues are selected for deliberation in different locations.(00:10:54) The Human Element in DeliberationThe surprising effectiveness of online platforms for fostering connection.(00:13:13) Automated Moderators in DeliberationThe development and success of automated moderators in online deliberations.(00:19:20) Applying Deliberative Democracy to the U.S.Whether deliberative polling could help address political deadlock in the U.S.(00:25:30) The Future of Deliberative PollingThe future possibilities of scaling deliberative polling to larger populations.(00:27:23) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Astronautics professor Grace Gao is an authority on the Global Positioning System. GPS has long been key to navigation on Earth, she says, but science is now shifting its focus outward to the frontiers of space. Gao is working on a GPS-like system for the Moon. To keep costs low, this lunar positioning system will leverage Earth-based satellites complemented by a network of smaller satellites in lunar orbit. It could lead to autonomous vehicles on the moon and a new era of lunar exploration, Gao tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Grace GaoGrace’s Labe:Stanford NAV LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Grace Gao, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:02:15) GNSS vs. GPSThe difference between GPS and GNSS, and the different global navigation systems.(00:03:09) How Does GPS Work? GPS operation, including the role of satellites, ground monitoring stations, and user receivers.(00:04:07) GPS Signal and SatellitesHow GPS uses multiple satellites and how the different global systems collaborate to improve accuracy.(00:05:23) GPS Challenges in CitiesIssues with GPS in urban environments and the importance of reliability and safety.(00:07:53) Improving GPS AccuracyMultimodal sensor fusion helps enhance GPS accuracy in challenging environments. (00:10:11) Collaboration Among Autonomous VehiclesThe potential for autonomous vehicles to share information for better navigation and safety.(00:14:07) GPS Safety and Signal JammingGPS safety concerns and real-world signal disruption examples.(00:18:56) GPS in Space TravelHow GNSS and Earth-based GPS systems can support space missions.(00:25:05) Designing Lunar GPSThe cost and coverage challenges of creating a lunar navigation system.(00:27:13) Autonomous Moon RoversNASA’s plans for collaborative autonomous rovers on the Moon.(00:30:42) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Sports medicine physician Emily Kraus knows a lot about the health challenges of female athletes. Women face far more ACL tears and bone stress injuries than men, for instance, and excessive training or poor nutrition can also delay puberty and affect menstruation. These differences are vastly understudied, she says. To close the gap, Kraus initiated the “Female Athlete Voice Project” that asks female Olympic and Paralympic athletes about their health experiences. We need to tailor approaches specific to female athletes, Kraus tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’sThe Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Emily KrausEmily’s Survey: Centering The Female Athlete Voice in a Sports Science Research AgendaStanford FASTR ProgramWu Tsai Human Performance AllianceConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces Emily Kraus, a professor of orthopedics at Stanford University and an expert on the issues of women's health.(00:02:19) Health Challenges for Female AthletesPrevalent injuries and health issues unique to female athletes.(00:03:57) Hormonal Health and PubertyThe impact of hormonal health and menstrual cycles on young athletes’ performance.(00:06:57) Body Composition and Mental HealthThe challenges and psychological impact puberty has on young athletes.(00:08:53) Female Athletes in AdulthoodThe lack of research and resources available for female athletes during major life transitions.(00:12:48) Nutrition, Fueling, and Recovery ScienceHow science has evolved in understanding nutrition, recovery, and strategic rest.(00:15:54) Gender Differences in Fueling and RecoveringThe differences between male and female athletes in nutrition and recovery.(00:19:19) Survey of Olympic AthletesInsights from female Olympians and Paralympians on the key gaps in sports science research.(00:21:40) The WUSAI Human Performance AllianceThe WUSAI Human Performance Alliance’s focus on uncovering the principles of human performance.(00:25:35) The Female Athlete SurveyThe unexpected findings from the survey, highlighting the sexism and inequity in sports.(00:27:26) Spreading Knowledge to Athletes and CliniciansHow Emily’s research is being received by the broader athletic and medical communities.(00:30:00) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today, we’re bringing you a best-of from our archive of over 250 episodes. We’re all aware that the consequences of climate change range from rising sea levels, to drought, wildfires, economic disruption and the displacement of populations. We’re seeing and living through many of these effects, but is there hope for managing additional risk? A couple years ago we sat down with environmental scientist Chris Field to ask this question. He shared that it’s still possible to pave the way to a sustainable future. Take another listen to this episode to hear more about how he thinks we can do this together.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Chris FieldOriginal Episode: How to fight climate change | Stanford University School of EngineeringConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Chris Field, a professor of earth systems science and biology at Stanford.(00:01:59) The Status of Climate ChangeThe current status of global warming and the need for ongoing emissions reductions.(00:03:17) Understanding CO2 and TemperatureThe linear relationship between CO2 emissions and global warming.(00:05:00) Is Zero Emissions Feasible?The UN's climate goals and why both mitigation and adaptation are crucial.(00:06:04) Global Collaboration for Climate ActionThe role of both private sector innovations and global political collaboration in climate action.(00:08:22) Mitigation and Adaptation StrategiesProgress made in strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects.(00:11:25) Climate Impact on DisastersHow rising temperatures exacerbate coastal flooding and wildfire risks.(00:14:07) Adaptation to Coastal FloodingInsights into strategies such as improving infrastructure and planned relocation.(00:16:47) Adaptation to WildfiresAssessment of fire management policies and the challenges of wildfire risk in high-risk regions.(00:19:03) Technological Innovations in Climate ChangeThe potential for future technological innovations to solve climate change.(00:20:54) Ukraine Conflict and Climate ChangeThe surprising connection between the Ukraine conflict and global climate change.(00:23:41) Individual Impact on Climate ChangeHow individuals can make contributions to combating climate change in their everyday lives.(00:25:57) The Role of Young People in Climate ChangeThe role young people play in the fight against climate change.(00:27:12) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Taken any selfies lately? Dermatologist Zakia Rahman studies both the science of healthy skin and the effects of the exponential increase in skin images on self-esteem. As a result, skin health is linked to mental health, she says. It’s not about vanity, it’s about vitality, Rahman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Zakia RahmanStanford Center on LongevityConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Zakia Rahman, a professor of dermatology at Stanford University.(00:02:24) The Impact of Digital TechnologiesHow digital technologies and frequent image exposure affect dermatology and self-perception.(00:03:40) Effects of Self-Image on DermatologyBalancing vanity and vitality in modern skincare trends.(00:05:05) The Role of Lasers in DermatologyThe use of laser technology in dermatology, including types and applications.(00:08:44) Lasers in Skin Cancer TreatmentHow laser technology aids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer.(00:10:11) Progress in Skin CancerThe effectiveness of sun protection measures and how we can better prevent skin cancer.(00:13:29) Effectiveness of Physical Sun ProtectionThe protective benefits of everyday clothing versus specialized sun-protective gear.(00:18:56) Ethnic Differences in Skin HealthThe differences in skin health and sun exposure effects across various ethnic groups.(00:23:43) Aesthetic and Cultural Implications in Skin CareHow cultural perceptions of beauty intersect with skincare and overall health.(00:26:08) Therapeutic Effects of LightThe potential skincare benefits of red light therapy and its popularity.(00:28:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Arvind Karunakaran studies the intersections of work, AI, and organizational behavior. He says AI can enhance speed and productivity in the short run, yet degrade skills over time. But it is in organizational power dynamics where AI has had its most marked impact, he says, telling host Russ Altman about situations in law firms where AI has fostered tension between paralegals and junior attorneys. It’s AI and the modern workplace on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything Podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Arvind KarunakaranConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Arvind Karunakaran, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:02:47) Productivity vs. Skill DevelopmentThe broader impact of AI on workplace productivity and the potential skill loss among workers.(00:04:39) New Skills for the AI EraWhether new skill sets required by AI tools are emerging or if it's still too early to tell.(00:06:17) AI and Power DynamicsHow AI is influencing authority and power dynamics in the workplace.(00:09:16) Challenges of Role Re-Design with AIThe need for systemic changes in job roles and organizational structures to accommodate AI.(00:11:02) Accountability and AI in Decision-MakingThe complexities of accountability when AI is involved in decision-making processes.(00:15:14) Platforms and Power DynamicsThe role of platforms as intermediaries and their impact on authority and power dynamics.(00:20:28) AI Experimentation in the WorkplaceHow organizations are experimenting with AI and the importance of trust in these processes.(00:23:29) Rethinking Training for AI IntegrationThe necessity of innovative training methods to effectively integrate AI in workplace settings.(00:25:30) Management Strategies for AI AdoptionWays managers can approach AI integration in their organizations to foster productivity and innovation(00:28:12) AI in Gig Work PlatformsChallenges and opportunities AI presents within gig work platforms.(00:32:20) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We want to wish our listeners in the states a happy Labor Day weekend. We hope, wherever you are, you’re taking some time to savor the last bit of summer. After a couple months full of travel and news about the airplane industry, we can’t help wondering — are there better ways to build airplanes? Our previous guest, Ilan Kroo, an expert in aeronautics, discusses how recent developments in fuels, engines, materials, and computer controls are leading to a new era of airplanes. We hope you’ll tune in and learn something new.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Ilan KrooConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Ilan Kroo, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University.(00:01:33) The Future of Airplane DesignThe technological advancements that are enabling new types of aircraft designs.(00:03:52) Designing Airplanes with Active ControlActive control systems and their impact on airplane safety and efficiency.(00:05:03) Personal Flying VehicleseVTOL vehicles as a promising future technology for personalized and commercial travel.(00:06:54) Scaling eVTOL and Air Traffic ControlHow companies and regulatory bodies are preparing for the rise of eVTOL vehicles.(00:10:21) Sustainable AviationNew engine concepts, composite materials, and sustainable fuels in commercial aviation.(00:16:42) Hydrogen-Powered AircraftHydrogen's potential as a sustainable fuel source and its impact on airplane design.(00:19:44) Climate Modelling in Airplane DesignThe intersection of climate science and airplane design for a more sustainable future.(00:22:04) Unconventional Airplane DesignsNew designs that may become the future of aviation, with benefits in sustainability and performance.(00:25:55) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Political scientist Kathryn Stoner is the Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford and an authority on Russian/Ukrainian politics. She says views on the current war depend on which side someone is on: Many Russians and their leader Vladimir Putin say Ukrainians are Russians and have been since the 10th century. Ukrainians strongly disagree, likening the two nations to the U.S. and Great Britain. How the present conflict is resolved has important implications for other former Soviet states and the future of the European Union, as Stoner tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your quest. You can send questions to [email protected] Reference Links:Stanford CDDRL Profile: Kathryn StonerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Kathryn Stoner, director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University.(00:02:09) Historical Context of the Russia-Ukraine ConflictHow historical narratives shape perspectives on the Russia-Ukraine conflict.(00:05:38) U.S. and International PerspectivesThe strategic implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict for the United States and its historical agreements.(00:08:49) The Domino Effect and Regional RisksThe potential risks to other former Soviet republics and the concept of the domino effect.(00:12:43) Democracy in the Post-Soviet StatesAnalysis of the state of democracy in Ukraine, Georgia, and other former Soviet republics(00:18:59) The Unexpected StalemateWhy the Russia-Ukraine war has not gone as expected and the strategic missteps by Russia.(00:22:39) Domestic Impact in RussiaThe impact of the war on Russian public opinion and why Russians are not openly protesting against it.(00:28:46) Hope for the FuturePotential sources of optimism for the future of Russia and its younger generation.(00:31:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Dan Schwartz is a cognitive psychologist and dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Education. He says that artificial intelligence is a different beast, but he is optimistic about its future in education. “It’s going to change stuff. It’s really an exciting time,” he says. Schwartz imagines a world not where AI is the teacher, but where human students learn by teaching AI chatbots key concepts. It’s called the Protégé Effect, Schwartz says, providing host Russ Altman a glimpse of the future of education on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Daniel SchwartzConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Dan Schwartz, a professor of education and a dean of the School of Education at Stanford University.(00:02:06) The Role of AI in Modern EducationThe widespread reactions and implications of AI, particularly ChatGPT, in education.(00:03:22) The Role of Technology in the ClassroomThe historical and evolving relationship between technology and education.(00:05:14) Engaging Students with AIHow AI can enhance student engagement through innovative teaching methods.(00:08:08) Impact of AI on Student LearningThe balance between AI tools and maintaining educational standards.(00:13:42) Industry's Role in Educational TechnologyChallenges and opportunities in collaborating with educational technology companies.(00:15:44) Teacher's Role in Adapting to AIThe critical role of teachers in effectively integrating AI into the classroom.(00:18:39) Assessment and Grading with AIThe potential and concerns of using AI for educational assessment.(00:22:34) Learning Strategies and Conceptual UnderstandingThe importance of understanding the underlying concepts rather than just using AI tools.(00:25:08) Physical Activity and LearningThe connection between physical activity and improved learning outcomes.(00:29:17) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Today, we’re re-running a fascinating conversation with Sara Singer, a Stanford professor of medicine, and an expert on integrated healthcare. Anyone who’s had to navigate the healthcare system knows it’s extremely complex, and care can often feel disjointed or inefficient. In this episode, Sara highlights new technologies that could improve integration within the healthcare system, ultimately enhancing a practitioners’ ability to care for patients. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Sara SingerConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Sarah Singer, a professor of medicine and organizational behaviour at Stanford University(00:02:25) Defining Integrated CareThe concept of integrated care and its significance in improving patient experience.(00:03:37) Global Implementation of Integrated CareThe global challenges and successes in implementing integrated care.(00:04:45) Cost Implications of Integrated CareThe potential cost-saving benefits of integrated care through efficient coordination.(00:05:34) COVID-19’s Impact on Healthcare IntegrationThe pandemic's dual role in exposing challenges and providing opportunities for integrated care.(00:07:45) The Role of AI in Healthcare's FutureAI’s potential in healthcare and the importance of user collaboration.(00:09:38) Importance of Iterative DevelopmentThe need for continuous collaboration in healthcare technology development.(00:12:16) Patient Perspectives in Tech DevelopmentThe value of integrating patient feedback into healthcare technology.(00:13:20) Consumer Suggestions for Health CareHow patient feedback has influenced health care improvements.(00:16:49) Iterative Development of Health Care TechnologiesThe iterative process of developing health care technologies with continuous input from end users.(00:24:29) Advice for Healthcare TechnologistsAdvice for technologists on developing useful and accepted healthcare tools.(00:27:22) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Psychologist Judy Fan is an expert in how physical objects facilitate learning. In the classroom, these include pencils, pens, paper, and whiteboards. But in any learning situation, the physical world provides tools for learning and communicating, often trumping the speed and reach of today’s digital technologies. These objects are cognitive tools – physical representations of human thought, she says. They help us think, solve problems, and communicate with others better and more effectively, as she tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast. Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Judy FanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Judy Fan, a professor of psychology at Stanford University.(00:02:02) The Essence of Cognitive ToolsWhat cognitive tools are and their importance from ancient times to the present.(00:03:37) Historical Context of Cognitive ToolsThe historical evolution of cognitive tools and their role in education.(00:06:57) Cross-Cultural Insights on Cognitive ToolsThe universality of cognitive tools and cross-cultural variations.(00:12:39) Developmental Trajectories in Visual CommunicationHow children develop the ability to visually communicate concepts and the differences between cultures.(00:17:01) The Influence of Cultural Artifacts on PerceptionHow cultural exposure shapes our perception and depiction of the world.(00:22:15) The Future of Learning TechnologiesThe impact of technological advancements on cognitive tools and potential directions for the future.(00:24:29) Hands-On Learning and Interactive ToolsThe importance of interactive learning activities that allow students to engage with scientific processes.(00:27:44) Enhancing Creative Processes Through TechnologyWays technology can aid creative professionals and the development of tools for high-level experts.(00:30:44) Bridging Novice and Expert NeedsThe challenges of designing technology that serves both novices and experts.(00:33:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

From witchcraft to shamans to those with schizophrenia, voices and visions have always been part of human experience and they have always intrigued anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann. She now studies how various cultures understand these mysterious mental phenomena. Luhrmann has observed and talked to hundreds who’ve experienced voices and visions and learned there are “different pathways” to understand them, as she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Tanya Marie LuhrmannTanya Luhrmann: WebsiteConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Tanya Luhrmann, a professor of anthropology at Stanford University.(00:02:18) Origins of InterestTanya shares her background and how it influenced her studies on the human mind and its perceptions.(00:05:53) Methodologies in Anthropological ResearchThe methods used to understand experiences like hearing voices and seeing visions.(00:07:04) Cultural Variability in Human ExperiencesHow hearing voices varies across cultures, and their implications on mental health.(00:13:42) The Clinical and Non-Clinical SpectrumThe clinical aspects of hearing voices, and how they are perceived and treated in different contexts.(00:18:01) Non-Clinical Manifestations and PracticeThe influence of practices and beliefs on non-clinical supernatural experiences.(00:22:24) Characteristics of LeadersFactors that make certain individuals leaders in perceptual practices.(00:23:43) AI and Relationships with ChatbotsParallels between relationships with imagined entities and modern AI chatbots.(00:28:40) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Whether you’re taking a summer road trip, planning a long plane ride, or simply enjoying walks in the warm weather, we want to take a moment to recommend to you a few recent episodes of The Future of Everything to listen to along the way. You’ll find a list of these episodes in the show notes, but as a brief preview we’ve got conversations on robotics, brain science, cybersecurity, the universe, and exercise waiting for you. If you’re interested in any one of these topics, check out this summer playlist and be sure to download these episodes before you head out for summer fun.Curated Episode Links:The future of robotics (Jeannette Bohg): Website / YouTubeThe future of brain science (Sergiu Pasca): Website / YouTubeThe future of cybersecurity (Amy Zegart): Website / YouTubeThe future of the universe (Risa Wechsler): Website / YouTubeThe future of exercise (Jonathan Long): Website / YouTubeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Alberto Salleo is an expert in the long, chain-like molecules known as polymers. The world relies on polymers and the most common are in plastics. Salleo is now working on a new generation of organic polymers made of Earth-abundant materials that could lead to flexible electronics that can biodegrade or be easily recycled. These polymers could be game-changers, Salleo tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Alberto SalleoAlberto’s Lab: Salleo Research GroupConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Alberto Salleo, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University.(00:03:02) Defining PolymersA fundamental definition of polymers, emphasizing their structure as long molecules composed of repeating subunits.(00:04:43) Everyday Applications of PolymersThe commonplace polymers that people encounter daily and their broader impacts.(00:05:42) Organic Polymers and ElectronicsThe unique properties of organic polymers, their applications in electronics and potential for biodegradability.(00:07:52) Advanced Polymer ApplicationsThe development of flexible electronics using organic polymers, including the challenges and current research status.(00:11:27) Neuromorphic ComputingThe role of polymers in neuromorphic computing, highlighting how their properties could mimic brain functions.(00:14:42) Human-Brain Interface and Computing ApplicationsThe dual potential of polymers in interfacing with human brains and creating new generations of computers.(00:18:04) Emerging Research and TechnologiesThe integration of electron microscopy from biology to study polymers and their structures.(00:22:22) Electron Microscopy and Cryo-EM TechniquesAdvanced electron microscopy techniques, such as cryo-EM, to study polymers.(00:26:19) Electrochemistry and Sustainable BatteriesThe application of polymers in electrochemistry, particularly in creating high-density, recyclable batteries.(00:29:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We have another best-of episode for you today. This one is a conversation with Irene Lo about the work she’s doing to study and leverage markets for social impact — think markets for public school assignments, or medical school residency matches. Irene reminds us that markets exist to help effectively allocate limited resources, and not all marketplaces are based in cash. We hope you’ll tune in again to this thought provoking conversation to hear Irene talk about the changing face of markets.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Irene LoConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Irene Lo, a professor of management science and engineering at Stanford.(00:03:23) Unique Challenges of Non-Financial MarketsThe unique challenges in markets where monetary transactions are not feasible or ethical.(00:04:21) School Choice and District PerspectivesThe multifaceted decisions parents and school districts face in school choice.(00:06:54) Collaboration with San Francisco School DistrictConnecting with the San Francisco School District to redesign their student assignment system.(00:08:27) Algorithms and Testing of School Assignment PoliciesThe extensive simulations and community engagement involved in testing the new school assignment policies algorithm before implementation.(00:11:18) Goals and Issues of the Old SystemWhy the old school assignment system failed to achieve its goals of predictability, proximity, and diversity.(00:12:52) Algorithm Adaptation for Broader UseThe potential for adapting the San Francisco school assignment algorithms for use in other cities and districts.(00:14:42) Applying Market Design to Medical Residency MatchesAdapting market design principles to medical residency placements, emphasizing multifactorial considerations.(00:19:07) Market Design in the Developing World: Indonesian Palm Oil MarketInsights into the challenges and solutions in improving the supply chain for palm oil in Indonesia.(00:24:08) Crowdsourcing InformationHow crowdsourcing information can help improve market efficiency for palm oil farmers and the challenges involved.(00:26:32) Market Manipulation and AlgorithmsThe future application of advanced algorithms to improve market dynamics once sufficient data is gathered.(00:28:08) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Jonathan Long is a biochemist who studies the chemicals produced during exercise. In Long’s world, “you always start with molecules,” which offer “clean handles” to understanding complex processes. His lab has identified a chemical produced in the digestive tract during exercise that can make a person stop eating. Long now studies this “gut-brain axis” for ways to treat obesity, diabetes, and, perhaps, even age-related conditions like dementia, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jonathan Z. LongJonathan’s Lab: LongLab@StanfordStudy on Endocannabinoids and Exercise Motivation: The Endocannabinoid System and Physical ExerciseConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Jonathan Long, a professor of pathology at Stanford University(00:02:30) Effective Weight Loss DrugsThe increase of effective weight loss drugs, and the history and development of these GLP-1 receptor agonists.(00:04:03) Understanding Metabolism and ExerciseOutline of metabolic chemicals released during physical activity and their potential to combat obesity and diabetes.(00:05:38) Animal Models in Exercise StudiesThe use of animal models in exercise studies and the discovery of Lac-Phe.(00:07:15) Psychological Preparation for ExerciseThe psychological aspects of exercise and the involvement of endocannabinoids in exercise motivation.(00:09:28) Lac-Phe's Role and MechanismThe role of Lac-Phe and its production in the gut.(00:12:21) Differences in Exercise ResponseDifferences in exercise response between trained athletes and untrained individuals.(00:13:25) Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesThe relationship between diabetes, exercise, and metabolic diseases.(00:15:29) Lac-Phe as a Potential TherapeuticThe potential of Lac-Phe as a weight loss drug, and parallels to GLP-1 drug development.(00:16:48) Importance of How Weight is LostWhether the method of weight-loss matters, and the importance of preserving lean muscle mass.(00:19:40) Exercise as MedicineThe concept of exercise as medicine, and defining physical activity at the same resolution as modern medicines.(00:22:39) Metformin and Exercise PathwaysThe unexpected connection between metformin and the Lac-Phe pathway.(00:24:08) Prospects of an Exercise PillThe future of an exercise pill, and the scientific challenges associated with its development.(00:27:33) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re digging back into our archives with an episode with bioengineer Polly Fordyce. Polly studies the form and function of proteins. She refers to proteins as the “workhorses” that make things in the body happen, and her study of these molecules reveals a greater understanding of human life. We hope you’ll tune in to this conversation again, and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Polly FordycePolly’s Lab: The Fordyce LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Polly Fordyce, a professor of bioengineering and genetics at Stanford University.(00:01:51) What are Proteins?The basics of proteins and their crucial roles in the body.(00:05:01) Protein Structure and FunctionThe relationship between protein structure and function.(00:07:07) Innovations in Protein ResearchThe high-throughput technologies used in the lab to study protein functions.(00:09:44) Mutant Proteins and Functional VariantsHow mutations in proteins affect their function and structure, using the example of the protein PafA.(00:14:24) The Impact of Protein Research on MedicineInsight into how protein mutations can aid in developing targeted therapies.(00:17:37) Proteins and DNA InteractionThe role of proteins in reading DNA and regulating gene expression.(00:21:41) Transcription Factors and DNA BindingThe relationship between transcription factors and specific DNA sequences.(00:25:36) Mechanisms of Transcription ActivationThe process of transcription activation and the role of co-activators and RNA polymerase.(00:28:15) Future Directions in Protein ResearchThe future of protein research, including making advanced research tools more accessible.(00:30:36) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Chris Piech is a professor of computer science who studies how computers can help students learn. In comparing human- and computer-aided education, he says humans are great one-on-one, but AI is more consistent at grading and feedback. He and colleagues have created several generative AI grading apps to take advantage of these relative strengths, as he tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Christopher PiechStanford Coding Program: Code in PlaceConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altmans introduces guest Chris Piech, a professor of computer science at Stanford University.(00:01:50) Defining Coding and Its ChallengesWhat coding entails for beginners and the challenges associated with learning to code.(00:03:37) Enhancing Learning with ComputersHow computers and AI can be used to make learning more enjoyable and effective.(00:05:12) Human Connection in EducationThe significance of teacher-student relationships and how recent learners can be effective teachers.(00:07:02) AI and Coding EducationThe impact of AI on professional coding and how it can enhance the learning experience for new coders.(00:08:48) Joy of ProgrammingThe creative joy of programming and how AI tools can elevate the creation process.(00:11:57) Comparing Human and AI TutorsResults from experiments comparing the effectiveness of human and AI tutors.(00:14:43) Fair and Effective AssessmentChallenges and strategies for fair and effective computational assessment of students' work.(00:16:42) Addressing Bias and Fairness in GradingDemographic fairness in grading algorithms and the potential biases in different subjects.(00:20:52) Interactive and Unstructured FeedbackUsing AI to provide feedback on unstructured and interactive student work, like games and apps.(00:25:30) Expanding Beyond Academic TestsApplication of AI in non-academic assessments, such as medical tests, to improve accuracy and efficiency.(00:27:42) Generative GradingIntroduction to generative grading, where AI generates potential misconceptions to help with grading and feedback.(00:31:37) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Matt Abrahams is a master communicator who helps others overcome their fear of speaking — before live audiences, in small groups, or even one-on-one. His catchphrase, “Think Fast, Talk smart,” describes a mindset that, he says, is key to speaking well. Thinking fast is the ability to recognize and respond to patterns in order to talk smart — becoming more salient, relevant, and concise in the process. Abrahams coaches host Russ Altman on how to talk smart on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Matt Abrahams: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteMatt’s Podcast: Think Fast, Talk Smart: The PodcastConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces Matt Abrahams, an expert on communication and lecturer at Stanford Graduate School of Business.(00:02:04) The Power of Thinking Fast and Talking SmartMatt explains the concept behind his catchphrase and podcast, "Think Fast, Talk Smart".(00:06:22) Addressing Speaking AnxietyThe prevalence of speaking anxiety, its evolutionary roots, and how it has evolved with modern communication tools.(00:08:46) Impact of AI on CommunicationHow LLMs like ChatGPT can aid in preparation for speaking engagements and assist non-native speakers with communication.(00:11:33) Virtual vs. In-Person CommunicationDifferences between in-person and virtual communication and how individuals can adapt to virtual communication environments.(00:13:59) Handling Difficult QuestionsStrategies for responding to questions when you don't know the answer or can't legally or ethically provide one.(00:17:18) Structuring Effective CommunicationsMethods for structuring communications to ensure clarity and impact.(00:22:10) Cultural Influences on CommunicationThe impact of cultural differences on communication styles and the importance of sensitivity and adaptation.(00:25:11) Reevaluating the Use of Presentation ToolsThe appropriate use of PowerPoint and other visual aids in presentations, with tips for making visuals effective and audience-focused.(00:29:21) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re bringing you a timely best-of episode, given the recent advances in generative AI tools like ChatGPT. A couple years ago we interviewed Jeff Hancock, a Stanford professor of communication whose research explores the psychological and interpersonal processes at play when people communicate with each other and with computers. At the time of this conversation, ChatGPT wasn’t yet available to the public, but today Jeff’s insights about how such technologies impact the ways we communicate seem more relevant than ever. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Jeffrey HancockJeff’s Lab: Stanford Social Media LabStanford’s AI Institute: Stanford HAIJeff and Jeremy Bailenson’s paper on deep fakes: The Social Impact of DeepfakesJeff's paper on AI accessibility: Not All AI are Equal: Exploring the Accessibility of AI-Mediated Communication TechnologyJeff’s paper on encountering fake news: Credibility Perceptions and Detection Accuracy of Fake News Headlines on Social MediaOriginal episode: Ep.177 What Happens When Computers Can Write Like Humans Website / YouTubeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Jeff Hancock, a professor of communications at Stanford University.(00:03:04) Evolution of CommunicationHow social media and AI tools like spellcheck have changed the way we communicate.(00:04:08) AI in Everyday CommunicationThe role of AI in daily communication tasks, like email responses, and whether this is beneficial or problematic.(00:06:35) Authenticity and Bias in AI CommunicationThe potential biases in AI-generated language and its societal implications.(00:08:42) Large Language Models and Their CapabilitiesOverview of large language models like GPT-3 and their ability to generate human-like text.(00:10:34) Practical Uses and Implications of AI-Generated TextPractical applications of AI in generating text for marketing, education, and other fields.(00:12:18) Tailoring AI MessagesThe potential of AI to create personalized messages for different demographics.(00:14:49) Ethical Considerations in AI-Assisted WritingThe ethical dilemmas in education regarding AI-assisted writing.(00:17:15) AI and DisinformationThe risks associated with AI-generated disinformation and its impact on society.(00:21:06) AI in Advertising and MarketingAI's role in advertising and marketing, including the ethical considerations of using AI to create highly persuasive content.(00:22:38) Building Resilience Against DisinformationTips for individuals to build resilience against disinformation.(00:26:35) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Astrophysicist Risa Wechsler studies the evolution of the universe. She says that our understanding of how the universe formed and how it will change over time is changing as new technologies for seeing and measuring space come online, like a new high-resolution camera that can quickly map the full sky to see everything that moves, or new spectrographs that will map the cosmos in 3D and enable us to get new clues about the elusive dark matter. You can’t understand the universe or our presence in it until you understand dark matter, Wechsler tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Risa Wechsler: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryLegacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) | Rubin ObservatoryDark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)The SAGA SurveyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Professor Risa Wechsler, professor of physics, particle physics, and astrophysics from Stanford University.(00:01:46) Tools for Studying the UniverseTechnologies and methods used to study galaxies and the universe, including the Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time.(00:04:37) Understanding Maps of the UniverseThe concept of mapping the universe in two and three dimensions, the significance of redshifts, and the application of spectroscopy.(00:08:56) The Structure and Scale of the UniverseThe age, expansion, and overall structure of the universe, touching on its isotropic nature and clumpiness on different scales.(00:12:23) Delving into Galaxy Formation and EvolutionAn in-depth look at galaxy formation, the role of dark matter, and how galaxies have evolved over billions of years.(00:14:49) The Diversity of Galaxies and Their StructuresThe various types of galaxies, including satellite and dwarf galaxies, and how they form and evolve differently.(00:18:56) Dark Matter and Dark EnergyThe fundamental aspects of dark matter and dark energy, their role in the universe, and the challenges in studying them.(00:22:32) Mapping the Universe with Modern ToolsHow current technologies and methods contribute to our understanding of the universe’s expansion and structure(00:24:57) Applying Cosmic UnderstandingThe SAGA Survey and its implications for understanding the Milky Way in a broader cosmic context.(00:29:29) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Jeannette Bohg is an expert in robotics who says there is a transformation happening in her field brought on by recent advances in large language models. The LLMs have a certain common sense baked in and robots are using it to plan and to reason as never before. But they still lack low-level sensorimotor control — like the fine skill it takes to turn a doorknob. New models that do for robotic control what LLMs did for language could soon make such skills a reality, Bohg tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Jeannette Bogh: WebsiteStanford Profile: WebsiteJeannette's Lab: WebsiteRobotics startup Jeannette discusses: Diligent RoboticsConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss introduces guest Professor Jeannette Bohg, an expert in robotics from Stanford University.(00:01:58) AI's Impact on RoboticsHow AI is transforming robotics and the use of AI in high-level planning and reasoning in robotics.(00:04:26) Challenges of Applying Language Models in RoboticsThe challenges and potential of using large language models for robotic task planning and interaction between humans and robots.(00:07:06) Data Shortages in RoboticsThe scarcity of training data in robotics compared to other AI fields and its impact on development.(00:10:43) Human-Robot Interaction and AugmentationThe potential for robots to augment human capabilities rather than replace them and different approaches to autonomy in robotics.(00:16:41) The Future of Robotic HardwareThe current state of robotic hardware, its limitations, and what the future might hold for robotic development.(00:19:53) The Financial and Practical Realities of Robotic ResearchCost and maintenance challenges associated with robotic research platforms, as well as practical applications of robotics in everyday life.(00:25:11) Humanoid Robots vs. Practical RobotsThe practicality and implications of designing robots that mimic human appearance and capabilities.(00:27:55) Future Outlook and Commercial ViabilityThe future outlook for robotic platforms and when they might become commercially available.(00:29:08) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Sergiu Pasca is a physician-scientist who turns skin cells into stem cells and then into brain tissues he calls “organoids” and “assembloids” in order to study psychiatric and neurological illness in a dish instead of in living human beings. With this knowledge, Pasca hopes to develop new treatments for conditions ranging from schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders to chronic pain, he tells host Russ Altman in this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Sergiu’s Lab: Pasca LabSergiu’s Stanford Profile: WebsiteCenter at Stanford Sergiu Leads: Stanford Brain OrganogenesisSergiu’s recently published paper: Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutic Approach for Timothy SyndromePaper by Shinya Yamanaka Sergiu discusses: Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast CulturesConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss introduces guest, Sergiu Pasca, professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.(00:02:43) The Science of Growing Brain Tissue from Skin CellsThe process of developing brain organoids from skin cells and the potential medical applications of these models.(00:03:59) Enhancing Neurological Research ToolsAdvancing the complexity of brain models to include various brain structures and their applications in modeling diseases.(00:07:20) Introduction of AssembloidsIntroduction to assembloids, detailing how combining different organoids can mimic complex brain structures(0015:58) Testing Therapeutics Using Humanized ModelsThe innovative approach of using humanized rat models to test neurological therapies and drugs.(00:21:03) Complex Circuit Modelling for Disease UnderstandingThe current capabilities of modeling complex brain circuits and their relevance in understanding the neural pathways involved in diseases.(00:23:36) The Future of Pain Modelling and Drug TestingHow assembled brain cells can model pain perception and response, leading to potential new treatments for chronic pain and psychiatric disorders(00:27:46) Ethical Considerations and Public EngagementEthical concerns related to creating brain-like tissues and the importance of public engagement in scientific research.(00:32:01) Future Directions and Global CollaborationThe future of brain organogenesis research and the potential impacts on treating neurological and psychiatric conditions.(00:34:05) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With TikTok in the hands of 170 million Americans, cybersecurity expert Amy Zegart says it’s time to talk about consequences. Foreign access to all that data on so many Americans is a national security threat, she asserts. For those as concerned as she, Zegart has good news and bad. The government has gotten better at fighting cyberthreats, but artificial intelligence is making things very complicated, very fast. The US needs to adapt quickly to keep pace, Zegart tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Amy Zegart's Stanford ProfileHoover Institution Profile: WebsiteEp.20 How Vulnerable Are We to Cyber Attacks? (Amy’s previous episode on The Future of Everything)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Amy Zegart, a cybersecurity expert from Stanford University.(00:02:37) Government and Cybersecurity SpeedsHow AI has changed the pace at which both government and cyber attackers operate, and the evolving dynamics of cybersecurity efforts.(00:04:12) Corporate CybersecurityThe unexpected role of the SEC in regulating corporate cybersecurity efforts and how the cyber attack surface has expanded beyond traditional big industries(00:07:30) Global Cyber Threats and PreparednessInsights into the strategic use of cyber operations by other countries, and the multifaceted nature of international cyber relations.(00:09:13) Cyber Dynamics in the Russia-Ukraine ConflictThe cyber aspects of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its implications for global cybersecurity strategies.(00:11:35) Misinformation and Disinformation DynamicsThe difference between misinformation and disinformation, their impacts on society and the challenges in combating them.(00:15:04) TikTok and National SecurityRisks associated with TikTok as a platform controlled by Chinese interests, discussing data privacy and potential for foreign influence.(00:20:11) Corporate Power in AI and National SecurityThe role of corporations in national security through their control over AI, and the challenges this poses for regulation and innovation.(00:22:47) Learning from Cybersecurity to Manage AI RisksLessons from cybersecurity that could help manage emerging AI risks, highlighting the need for developing independent AI research capacities.(00:26:44) European Regulation and Global AI SafetyThe European approach to AI regulation and data protection, advocating for international AI safety norms and collaborative efforts.(00:29:21) AI's Role in Enhancing IntelligenceHow AI can transform intelligence services, and advancements that could lead to significant efficiency gains in national security.(00:31:23) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A best of episode where Russ interviews one of his bioengineering colleagues, Fan Yang, about some of the fascinating work she’s doing in the realm of tissue engineering. Hear more about the ways her lab is modeling human tissue to help develop a better understanding of how we might effectively replace damaged tissues and alleviate a number of health concerns.Episode Reference Links:Fan Yang's Stanford Profile: WebsiteFan Yang’s Stanford Lab: WebsiteEp.174 Regenerating and Rejuvenating Human Tissues: Website / YouTube (original episode)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Fan Yang, a bioengineer at Stanford.(00:03:15) The Basics of Tissue EngineeringThe purpose and significance of tissue engineering, emphasizing its role in addressing critical medical needs like late-stage arthritis.(00:04:23) Challenges in Tissue EngineeringTechnical hurdles in creating viable tissues for clinical use, such as integrating these tissues into the human body.(00:07:00) 3D Printing and In Situ PolymerizationTechnological advances in shaping tissues using 3D printing and the benefits of in situ polymerization to adapt to complex tissue shapes.(00:09:15) Specific Challenges with CartilageThe challenges specific to cartilage regeneration, explaining why it has been a difficult tissue to replicate and heal.(00:13:56) Micro Ribbon Based HydrogelsExplanation of micro ribbon based hydrogels, a new development aimed at improving tissue regeneration.(00:19:16) Cancer Research and Tissue EngineeringHow tissue engineering technologies are not only pivotal for therapeutic uses but also crucial for understanding diseases and aiding drug discovery.(00:24:38) Regulatory Challenges and CommercializationThe regulatory and commercialization challenges facing new medical technologies, including the need for industry partnerships and the role of the FDA(00:26:20) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A best of episode where Russ interviews computer scientist and electrical engineer, Dorsa Sadigh. They had a fantastic conversation about the work she’s doing to train robots to better understand humans, and as she shares, it turns out that one key to this work is better understanding human behavior. If you’re curious about how we’re going to make human-robot interaction work, this is a great episode to tune into again. Enjoy.Episode Reference Links:Dorsa Sadigh: WebsiteDorsa Sadigh: Stanford ProfileEp.171 - How do you Build a Better Robot? By Understanding People. YouTube / Website (original episode)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Dorsa Sadigh, a computer scientist and electrical engineer at Stanford.(00:02:24) Bridging Robotics and Human Psychology The journey from focusing solely on robotics to incorporating human behavioural insights to enhance robot design and functionality.(00:05:31) Blending Cognitive Science and RoboticsThe integration of cognitive science with robotics to build better computational models of human behaviour.(00:07:35) Addressing Suboptimal Human Decision MakingExploring human decision-making biases and their impact on robot interaction, with focus on bounded rationality and prospect theory.(00:10:39) Robot Adaptations to Human ImperfectionsHow robots can adapt to human imperfections in collaborative tasks, using theories from behavioural economics.(00:14:57) Training Robots and Humans for Better InteractionStrategies for teaching both humans and robots to improve their interactions, including active teaching and understanding each other’s capabilities.(00:18:41) Partner Modelling in RoboticsInsights into partner modelling in robotics, demonstrated through a scalable model in an air hockey game setup.(00:21:54) Complex Multi-Agent InteractionsAddressing the dynamics of multi-agent systems like traffic, where autonomous and human-driven vehicles interact.(00:24:11) Robots in HealthcareThe role of robots in healthcare, particularly in assistive technologies, and the challenges and advancements in this area.(00:26:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re bringing back an episode about trust and AI. In a world where the use of Artificial Intelligence is exploding, guest computer scientist Carlos Guestrin shares insights from the work he’s doing to support the development of trust between humans and machines. We originally recorded this episode in 2022, but the insights are just as if not more relevant today. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy. Episode Reference Links:Carlos Ernesto Guestrin (Stanford Profile)Carlos Guestrin (Carlos’ Website)Measuring Patients' Trust In Physicians When Assessing Quality Of Care (Paper Carlos discusses as comparison to his work with AI)Adding Glycemic And Physical Activity Metrics To A Multimodal Algorithm-Enabled Decision-Support Tool For Type 1 Diabetes Care (Carlos’ published paper about Stanford Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital diabetes type 1 project)XGBoost Documentation (Carlos’ out-source project)Ep.172 - Why AI Must Embody the Value of Its Users YouTube / Website (Original Episode)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Russ Altman introduces the episode with guest Carlos Guestrin, a professor of computer science at Stanford, whose focus is bringing AI into broader use.(00:02:58) Current Status of AIThe current capabilities of AI and machine learning and the widespread use and integration of these technologies.(00:05:44) Deep Dive into Trust and AIThree core components of trust in AI and how these factors influence the adoption and efficacy of AI systems.(00:09:43) Technical Challenges in Implementing TrustThe challenges of translating the abstract concepts of trust into practical, implementable AI features.(00:14:32) Enhancing AI Transparency and Generalization Methods to improve AI’s generalisation capabilities and transparency.(00:18:00) The Role of Open-Source in AI DevelopmentThe impact of open-source software on the AI field, highlighting the benefits of shared knowledge and collaborative advancements.(00:22:34) AI in HealthcareHealthcare and the use of AI in enhancing data-driven decisions in medical treatments.(00:27:11) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Anna Lembke is a psychiatrist and a specialist in the behavioral sciences who studies addiction. While there is tremendous variety in the things people can be addicted to, all forms are tied to dopamine, a biochemical that is key to human senses of pleasure, reward, and motivation. She says that new treatments are combining traditional abstinence with programs that help patients reenergize dopamine centers in the brain through physical exercise, which is a known producer of dopamine. If patients can reach 30 days of abstinence there is a good chance at recovery, Lembke tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Anna Lembke's Stanford ProfileAnna Lembke's WebsiteHow do we fight the disease of addiction? (Anna's previous episode on The Future of Everything podcast)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Anna Lembke, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University, and an expert on addiction.(00:02:27) The Personal Nature of AddictionProfessor Lembke shares a personal story of addiction to romance novels, providing insight into how seemingly benign habits can become harmful addictions.(00:06:02) The Brain Chemistry of AddictionWhat happens in the brain during addiction, including dopamine's role in pleasure, reward, and the process of becoming addicted.(00:11:10) Addressing Addiction in HealthcareHow the medical community has evolved in recognizing and treating addiction, partly due to the opioid epidemic.(00:13:23) Strategies for Managing and Treating AddictionTreatment approaches for addiction, including the concept of hormesis, and how engaging in challenging physical activities can help manage addictive behaviors.(00:17:31) Treatment and Recovery from AddictionProfessor Lembke’s own experience with overcoming her addiction through self-intervention and “dopamine fasting”.(00:22:05) The Addictive Personality and Genetic VulnerabilitiesThe concept of an "addictive personality," genetic predispositions to addiction, and how these factors play into the challenge of treating and managing addiction.(00:23:29) The Opioid Epidemic: Insights and Challenges An update on the opioid epidemic, the rise of fentanyl, and the ongoing challenges in addressing opioid addiction.(00:29:08) The Future of AddictionThe broader context of addiction in society, emphasizing the importance of addressing addiction to digital media and other non-substance-related addictions(00:29:57) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Humans and computers making music together, it’s the best of both worlds.Ge Wang is a professor of music, a computer scientist, and director of the Stanford Laptop Orchestra – an orchestra in which human musicians and computers collaborate to make music. “I once thought computer music was abstract and inaccessible, but it can be very playful, too,” he says. Humans and computers making music together, it’s the best of both worlds, Wang tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Ge Wang's Stanford ProfileGe Wang's Personal WebsiteStanford Laptop Orchestra (SLOrk) Ge Wang directs: Stanford Laptop OrchestraMusic programming language Ge Wang built: ChucKGe Wang’s book: Artful Design: Technology in Search of the SublimeArtful Design | Pi-shaped PersonArtful Design | OcarinaScott A. Lindroth (Ge Wang’s professor at Duke who taught his first computer music class)Perry R. Cook (Ge Wang’s Computer Science professor at Princeton who inspired him to merge computers and music)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Professor Ge Wang and his work around the intersection of AI, computer science, and music.(00:02:48) Early Inspirations and Merging Music with TechnologyGe Wang shares his early experiences with music and computers, leading to his unique career path combining both passions.(00:07:42) Developing Musical Tools and InstrumentsSignificance of playfulness in merging music with computer science, illustrated by projects like the Ocarina app and the Stanford Laptop Orchestra.(00:13:27) The Role and Impact of AI in MusicThe evolution of AI in music, with deeper questions about AI's role and the value of human creativity.(00:18:28) Music, AI, and Future GenerationsThe future of music and AI in the context of a parent, and the cultural dimensions and values that will shape the use of technology in art.(00:20:19) Ethical and Cultural Concerns of AI in MusicEthical dilemmas and cultural implications of using AI in music, copyright issues and the potential for generic AI-generated content.(00:25:09) Rethinking the Role of AI in the Creative ProcessAI’s role in creativity, the value of the creative process over the mere output, and the potential for AI to enrich rather than replace human creativity.(00:29:32) The Concept of a Pi-Shaped PersonThe "Pi-Shaped Person," with emphasis on the importance of disciplinary expertise, domain knowledge, and an aesthetic lens.(00:33:52) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Laura Simons is a clinical psychologist and an authority on pain, particularly chronic pain in childhood, which is much more common than widely understood. Most people don't even think chronic pain happens in children, says Simons. The consequences, however, are serious, ranging from learning gaps from missed school to social isolation and even depression. Better treatment begins with a better understanding of the science of pain, as Simons tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Laura Simons | Stanford MedicineInternational Association for the Study of Pain | IASP (Website for the association Laura mentions)Beth Darnall (Beth Darnall’s website, founder of Empowered Relief)Empowered Relief (Program Laura works with for pain management)TrainPain (Program Laura is working with on virtual realities studies for pain relief)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Host Russ Altman introduces guest Laura Simons and her research on chronic childhood pain.(00:02:34) Understanding the Scope and Causes of Childhood Chronic PainCommon forms of childhood pain, its underlying causes, and the impact of unrecognized chronic conditions.(00:05:08) Diagnostic Challenges and Family DynamicsThe difficulties in diagnosing chronic pain in children and adolescents, and the role of family in recognizing and managing a child's chronic pain.(00:07:38) The Impact of Chronic Pain on Children's LivesHow chronic pain affects children's daily lives, from school attendance and social interactions to the broader family impact.(00:10:15) Transitioning from Adolescent to Adult Pain ManagementThe challenges young people face as they move from pediatric to adult pain management systems and the importance of tailored transitional programs.(00:12:07) Treatment Approaches and InnovationsTreatment strategies for childhood chronic pain, emphasizing non-pharmacological approaches such as behavioral interventions and physical therapy.(00:19:14) Empowered Relief Program and Its Adaptation for TeensThe Empowered Relief program, adapted for teens, focusing on pain science education and the development of coping strategies. (00:23:48) Exploring Virtual Reality and Sensory Retraining TechniquesAdvanced treatment methods, including the use of virtual reality to enhance physical therapy and sensory retraining techniques to manage pain sensitivity.(00:28:57) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Olivier Gevaert is an expert in multi-modal biomedical data modeling and recently developed new methods in the new science of “spatial transcriptomics” that are able to predict how cancer cells present spatially and will behave in the future. Tumors are not monolithic, he says, but made up of various cell types. Spatial transcriptomics measures cells in the undisturbed organization of the tumor itself and enables a more detailed study of tumors. This new technology can be used to determine what type of cells are present spatially and how each cell influences neighboring cells. It paints a picture of tumor heterogeneity, Gevaert tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Olivier Gevaert: Standford ProfileOlivier Gevaert’s Research LabThe Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA)Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction to Olivier GavaertHis work in the advancement of spatial transcriptomics technologies.(00:02:52) The Basics of TranscriptomicsTranscriptomics’ significance in identifying active genes in cancer cells and the technological advancements enabling this research.(00:05:34) Heterogeneity and Cell interaction in CancerHeterogeneity within cancer cells and the importance of analyzing the interactions between various cell types to develop treatments.(00:07:19) Advancements in Brain Cancer ResearchRecent studies on brain cancer using spatial omics techniques to understand tumor cell types and their spatial organization for prognosis prediction.(00:10:53) AI and Whole Slide Imaging in OncologyHow AI and machine learning are combined with whole slide imaging to enhance data resolution and interpret spatial transcriptomic data.(00:14:49) Enhancing Pathology with AIIntegrating AI with pathology to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment by analyzing whole slide images and predicting cell types.(00:18:40) Multimodal Data Fusion in Cancer TreatmentImportance of combining different data modalities to create comprehensive models for personalized cancer treatment.(00:24:49) The Future of Synthetic Data and Digital TwinsSynthetic data and digital twins in oncology, and how these technologies can simulate treatment outcomes and support personalized medicine.(00:29:16) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Rebecca Silverman is an expert in how humans learn to read. It’s a complex process, she says. First we must connect letters and sounds to decode words in texts. Researchers know a lot about the decoding process and how to teach it. But, beyond that, we must also comprehend what the words in texts are conveying. Comprehension is complex, and researchers know much less about the comprehension process and how to teach it, Silverman tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Rebecca Silverman’s Research Lab: Language to Literacy LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction to Reading Challenges Host Russ Altman introduces guest Rebecca Sliverman and her research into the complexities of reading.(00:03:53) Decoding vs. Comprehension The breakdown of reading into decoding and comprehension, the challenges associated with each, and the lifelong process of improving these skills.(00:07:18) Variability in Learning to Read How children learn to read, including the impacts of linguistic comprehension, memory and socio-emotional contexts.(00:09:55) Cross-Cultural Differences in Reading The variability of reading acquisition across languages and cultures, highlighting the components of reading that vary in their developmental trajectory.(00:11:35) Research Challenges and Interventions in Reading Current research on the challenges of reading, particularly in identifying and supporting children with difficulties.(00:15:03) The Role of Technology in Reading The impact of technology on reading, the differences between reading on paper and digital formats, and the potential of educational technology in literacy development.(00:20:38) Importance of Family in Reading DevelopmentHow families play a role in early reading, with emphasis on storytelling and culturally relevant practices. (00:23:52) Challenges for Teachers in Literacy EducationResponsibilities of teachers in teaching literacy and the need for comprehensive support and training for teachers.(00:27:44) Future Directions and the Potential of AI Future research on AI in literacy education, and the importance of human oversight in technological interventions.(00:29:29) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor and cultural psychologist Michele Gelfand’s latest book, Rule Makers, Rule Breakers, explores notions of what she calls “tight” and “loose” cultures, and how each shapes us as individuals and the world around us. Tight cultures closely follow unwritten cultural norms, while those on the looser side have more latitude. Culture is complicated, she says, but understanding its nuances is key to understanding the world, Gelfand tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Michele Gelfand Website / BioRule Makers, Rule Breakers: How Tight & Loose Cultures Wire Our World Mindset Quiz Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss introduces Michele Gelfand and her research on the study of culture and cultural intelligence.(00:02:33) Defining CultureA working definition of culture and the invisible impact of cultural norms, values, and beliefs.(00:03:46) The Tight-Loose SpectrumThe concept of tight and loose cultures and how social norms vary across cultures.(00:06:30) Cultural Variance within and between SocietiesVariations of tight-loose norms at national, state, and organizational levels, and the role of threat in shaping these norms.(00:11:34) Cultural Intelligence in Global LeadershipHow the tight-loose spectrum and cultural studies inform leadership, and the significance of cultural intelligence (CQ) in global interactions.(00:18:59) Cultural Evolutionary MismatchImplications for global threats and societal responses.(00:23:56) Applying Cultural Insights in BusinessInsights on applying cultural understanding to improve business mergers, negotiations, and the success of expatriate assignments.(00:26:09) Enhancing Cultural IntelligenceImproving cultural intelligence and steps individuals can take to enhance their CQ and adapt to cultural differences.(00:28:48) Urban vs. Rural Cultural DifferencesTight-loose division in politics and societal contexts, and the cultural divide between urban and rural areas.(00:31:19) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re taking you into our archive of over 250 episodes to re-share an interview Russ Altman did in 2022 with Stanford Medicine Professor of Surgery, Carla Pugh. Performing surgery is profoundly complex and requires precision, dexterity and lots of practice. Dr. Pugh shares about how she’s studying the movements of skilled surgeons to better understand what makes them successful, which can in turn help to improve training for new surgeons.Episode Reference Links:Technology Enabled Clinical Improvement CenterDr. Pugh’s Research: Use of sensors to quantify procedural idle time Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces the episode with Dr. Carla Pugh discussing her research studying the movements of surgeons to improve surgical training.(00:02:27) Dr. Carla Pugh's Research and GoalsIntroduction of Dr. Carla Pugh and her research utilizing sensor technology to quantify physician performance and the long-term goals of her research.(00:04:32) Wearable Sensors in Surgical TrainingHow wearable sensors are being used, and the reaction of surgeons to being monitored.(00:06:21) Expertise Identification & Universality of MovementHow idle time and motion tracking can distinguish between novice and expert surgeons & how expert surgeons exhibit similar motion patterns.(00:10:10) Expert vs. Novice Surgeon BehaviorsObserved differences in speed and precision between expert and novice surgeons, & working volume.(00:12:48) Ethical ConsiderationsThe ethical considerations of measuring surgeon performance, with a focus onmanaging the careers of aging surgeons through data-driven decisions.(00:16:03) The Role of Robotics in SurgeryThe current and future roles of robots in surgery, debunking myths, setting realistic expectations & how this research can be applied.(00:20:29) Demand for Robotic Surgery and Tech TrustPatients' trust in technology and robots for surgery and the pitfalls of relying too much on the technology, using orthopedic surgery as a specific example.(00:23:07) Preserving Human Skills in MedicineDr. Pugh elaborates the importance of capturing human surgical skills amidst the rise of automation in order to maintain a record of traditional practices.(00:24:49) Evolution of Surgical Procedures and TechniquesThe evolution of surgical procedures due to technological advancements, and how surgeons transition between different surgical technologies.(00:27:17) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Mark Skylar-Scott is one of the world’s foremost experts on the 3D printing of human tissue, cell by cell. It’s a field better known as bioprinting. But Skylar-Scott hopes to take things to a level most never imagined. He and his collaborators are working to bioprint an entire living, working human heart. We’re printing biology, Skylar-Scott tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Skylar-Scott LabConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces the episode, guest Mark Skylar-Scott and his work bioprinting the heart.(00:02:15) What is Bioprinting & Tissue Engineering?Explanation of bioprinting and its distinction from traditional 3D printing. Overview of the technology and its applications in tissue engineering and how to get the cells for this purpose.(00:06:37) Engineering the Cells of the HeartThe 11 different cell types of the heart that are being created, and the steps involved in printing them, scaffolding them, and how they form tissue.(00:12:23) Building Hearts: Size and Growth ConsiderationsThe scale of bio-printed hearts, potential strategies for growth and integration, & technical challenges in controlling cell growth and development. (00:15:05) Scaling Up Cell ProductionThe importance of scaling up cell production for efficient experimentation. Exploration of the transition from laboratory research to clinical implementation. (00:18:40) Vascularization: The Key to Functional Bioprinted OrgansCritical importance of creating a comprehensive vascular network & the challenges of integrating capillaries and ensuring nutrient delivery to all cells. (00:23:00) Ethical Considerations in BioprintingExamination of the ethical issues surrounding the use of human cells in bioprinting, focusing on consent and the potential for inequality in access due to cost.(00:26:12) The Future of Bioprinting: Timeline and Field DynamicsProjections about the timeline for the clinical application of bio-printed organs and the state of collaborative competition within the fabrication field. (00:28:28) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Cognitive scientist Michael Frank studies differences in how children and AI learn language. There is a “data gap” between the billions of words ChatGPT has to work with and the millions of words a toddler is exposed to. But, says Frank, children learn in a rich social context that supports their learning. He’s currently conducting the “BabyView Study,” where he puts cameras on young children's heads to help him understand their learning experience, as Frank tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Episode Reference Links:Wordbank: An open database of children's vocabulary developmentManyBabiesThe SAYCamBabyView StudyConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman, host, introduces the episode's focus on the future of language learning and guest, Michael Frank, an expert on how children acquire language(02:05) Child Vs AI Language AcquisitionChild language acquisition and the comparison with AI systems like ChatGPT, the differences in language learning between humans and AI, including the vast data exposure AI systems have compared to children.(05:23) Data-driven ApproachesThe importance of big data in understanding language acquisition and the Wordbank database.(08:04) The Early Stages of Language LearningThe universal aspects of language learning across different languages and cultures, specifically babbling and its evolution into language-specific sounds.(10:30) Exploring Multimodal Language LearningIntroduction to the SAYcam project, and the BabyView study both using camera footage from children to gather multimodal information. (13:12) Social Learning and Language AcquisitionInsights into how social interactions and grounded contexts facilitate children's language learning. Exploration of active learning strategies in children.(18:22) The ManyBabies ProjectA Global research consortium to understand child development across cultures, their first study documented infants' global preference for infant-directed speech. Michael outlines the funding challenges(21:28) Understanding Pragmatics and AI Common SenseExplanation of pragmatics in language acquisition and its importance in social cognition and inference making. The connection between pragmatic language skills in children and the challenge of instilling common sense in AI systems.(24:21) The Role of Reading in Language LearningThe benefits of reading to children for language development while still recognizing diverse learning paths and early auditory learning.(27:54) Multilingualism and Early Learning FlexibilityThe natural ease of learning multiple languages in childhood and when and why the flexibility in language learning begins to decline.(30:35) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-running an important episode on Alzheimer’s disease — a topic that touches many people. We still don’t have a complete understanding of the disease and that makes it hard to design effective therapies. In 2022, Russ Altman sat down with mechanical engineer Ellen Kuhl who offered a glimpse into the way she’s using computational modeling to help improve our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction Russ introduces the episode on Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its global impact, challenges treating it, and Dr. Ellen Kuhl’s research on it.(00:02:08) The Approach and Research MethodsEllen Kuhl discusses her lab's interdisciplinary approach, and method of using existing data to create dynamic models to study the brain's lifecycle and degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.(00:03:46) Key Features of Alzheimer's Disease and DetectionBiomarkers of Alzheimer's, their role in brain cell death and cognitive decline, and the possibilities for early detection methods of these protein issues.(00:07:20) How Computational Models FunctionHow the models integrate various data points and physics principles to comprehensively understand Alzheimer's progression.(00:08:43) Spread of the DiseaseExploring the mechanisms of how Alzheimer's spreads from cell to cell in the brain, and the progression through the lobes of the brain, regardless of the cause genetic or trauma induced.(00:12:33) Interdisciplinary Collaboration The challenges and benefits of working as a mechanical engineer in Alzheimer's research and the opportunities of a multidisciplinary approach.(00:14:33) Alzheimer's Drug Development Modeling a controversial Alzheimer's drug, its potential impact, and the importance of early diagnosis for effective treatment.(00:16:04) Transition to COVID Research and ModelingHow the Alzheimer's model was rapidly adapated to study the spread of COVID-19, drawing parallels between brain regions and city networks.(00:18:38) Covid Modeling Learnings and ApplicationsHow their COVID models highlighted the importance of asymptomatic transmission and helped governments with reopening strategies.(00:20:24) Responsible Model Application The rampant and at times irresponsible use of models during the pandemic, and metrics for measuring credibility of models(00:23:59) COVID Data SharingThe positive legacy of COVID-19, focusing on the accelerated progress facilitated by open and transparent data sharing.(00:24:53) Model Interpretability and ClosingInsights into the importance of model interpretability and the value of reducing complexity to enhance understanding. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Ran Abramitzky studies the economic history of immigration by tapping into now-public government records and using AI to chart changing attitudes on immigration captured in written documents and official speeches. What’s revealed is a remarkable story that often diverges from conventional wisdom. Not all streets were paved with gold, Abramitzky tells host Russ Altman, himself a descendant of immigrants, on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces the episode's focus on immigration myths, and the data story behind them with economist Ran Abramitzky.(00:01:56) The Methods & Data used Ran explains his approach to researching immigration using quantitative methods, data sets, and text analysis.(00:03:39) Who is an Immigrant?A conversation on the scope of the term 'immigrant' and the focus on voluntary immigration in this work(00:05:01) Personal Anecdotes and Immigrant ExperiencesRuss & Ran discuss the truth behind opportunities presented through immigration, illustrated by Russ’s family experience. (00:07:11) The Rags to Riches MythDebunking this story, looking at the economic status of immigrants on arrival and the generational improvements, often driven by taking jobs beneath their skill levels.(00:09:17) Cultural AssimilationExamining the cultural assimilation of immigrants, including marriage patterns, naming children, and citizenship.(00:10:53) Current Relevance of Historical Immigration PatternsThe consistency of historical immigration trends across nationalities and generation, despite policy changes regarding borders(00:13:09) Crime MythsExploration of resistance to immigration, debunking of myths linking immigrants to increased crime rates, incarceration data(00:15:39) Historical and Contemporary PolarizationExamining how political rhetoric and attitudes towards immigrants have evolved over the last 150 years, focusing on polarization.(00:18:00) Immigrant Beliefs on ImmigrationDiscussion on how immigrants' attitudes towards immigration change after settling in the U.S.(00:20:34) Refugees & Ellis Island InterviewsInterviews with immigrants from Ellis Island provide insights into the experiences of refugees versus economic immigrants and the convergence of immigrant paths by the second or third generation.(00:24:36) Impact of Research on Government PolicyThe influence, or lack, of immigration research on government policy and public perception. Abramitzky shares the importance of a long-term view of immigration success.(00:27:15) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-releasing a wonderful episode about the positive impact art has on individual and societal health. Guest Deborah Cullinan, vice president for the arts at Stanford, shares how including just 10-20 minutes of art in your day — whether through drawing or dancing to your favorite song — can contribute to improved health. Her insights remind us, and hopefully will remind you as well, that art plays a valuable role in both individual and societal well being. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction(00:02:04) The Power & Appreciation of ArtDiscussion on the societal shift and increased appreciation and demand for art activities.(00:05:30) Expansive Definition of Art Discussion on potential pushback and challenges in defining art boundaries.(00:07:55) Art and Health The intersection of art and health, emphasizing its significance and the book “Your Brain on Art” and some of the neuroscience based benefits.(00:11:33) Art in Healthcare Highlighting some of the programs integrating art and healthcare at Stanford including, Stanford Medicine's program "Medicine in the Muse" art programs for healthcare providers, and supporting mental health services for students.(00:13:30) Micro Art Moments The potential benefits of small doses of art and demand for art programs (00:15:19) Fluidity in Creating and Consuming Art The symbiotic relationship between creators and consumers of art and the way creating makes you appreciate art more.(00:18:04) Technology and the Arts (00:22:44) Exciting Art Collaborations at Stanford(00:25:53) The Importances of Art Spaces as safe spaces and community hubs(00:28:27) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

As the pandemic made a doctor visit as easy as a Zoom call and computer vision proved able to distinguish a benign blemish from something more worrisome, guest Eleni Linos, MD, DrPH, grew fascinated with the many ways digital technologies will impact all of medicine, not just her specialty, dermatology. She now believes the future of digital health is the future of health, period. But much work remains to ensure those benefits extend to every sector of society. Linos previews the future of digital health for host and fellow physician Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces Professor Eleni Linos and they discuss a future where digital health encompasses all aspects of healthcare and how we have moved towards that. (02:10) Defining Digital HealthThe challenge of defining digital health and envisioning a future where it integrates seamlessly into healthcare without differentiation.(03:33) Dermatology and Digital HealthEleni explains her interest in digital tools for dermatology, how they have been applied in dermatology and why they are useful.(06:41) Challenges in Examining Diverse Skin TypesAddressing challenges in dermatological exams for patients with diverse skin tones and backgrounds.(09:05) Impact on Patients and Health DisparitiesAssessing patient reactions & benefits to remote interactions and studying health disparities concerning age, ethnicity, and technology literacy.(10:56) LLMs, Digital Health, & BiasHow large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT are used in digital health, and their biases, and the need for and how Dr. Linos is working to reduce these.(15:24) Empathy and AI Dr. Linos tells a personal story about empathy demonstrated by Chat GPT, and reflects on the potential of AI to enhance patient interactions and care.(18:47) Social Media in Public HealthInsights into leveraging social media for public health campaigns, the strategies used to influence behavioral changes in specific demographics, and how it was employed during COVID(24:33) Challenges in Digital Medicine EducationExploring the challenges & opportunities in preparing future clinicians for a digital medicine-infused future. (28:20) Stanford Center for Digital HealthThe vision and purpose of the Center for Digital Health at Stanford, emphasizing the collaboration between academia, tech companies, and a global perspective to tackle future health challenges. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

To kick off 2024, we’re bringing you an episode that’s been one of our most popular. The timing is just right as many of us are headed into the new year thinking about how to live better. In this episode, Professor Helen Blau, a stem cell biologist, tells us all about how she’s recruiting stem cells to regenerate youthful muscle in older people. We’re thrilled to bring this episode out of the archives for another listen and renewed hope about possibilities ahead in the world of health. Happy New Year from Russ and the team here at The Future of Everything. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction & Importance of Muscles in AgingHost Russ Altman introduces the episode, the ways that muscles weakening with age affects us, and how guest, Professor Helen Blau’s work with stem cells is addressing this.(00:02:03) Regenerative Medicine & Stem CellsThe goals of regenerative medicine in enhancing the quality of life as people age. Overview of different types of stem cells and their potential.(00:04:28) Focus on Muscle: Sarcopenia and AgingEmphasizing the desire to age well, and the centrality of muscles in daily activities and how they atrophy with age.(00:07:44) Approaches to Combating Muscle AgingLack of available drugs addressing muscle wasting and potential research directions. Targeting stem cells and mature muscle fibers for rejuvenation.(00:09:09) Lab Discoveries and ChallengesDr. Blau's lab experiments to identify and maintain functional stem cells, the breakthrough in bioengineering microenvironments & it’s impact.(00:12:41) Stem Cell RejuvenationInsights into rejuvenating stem cell functions through cell therapy that lead to. (00:14:37) Inflammatory Pathways and Stem Cell ResponseDr Blau explains the importance of the wave of inflammation for stem cells, and the discoveries this lead to. (00:17:55) Broad-Scale Muscle RejuvenationExploring systemic alterations targeting inflammation pathways for global muscle regeneration. Identification of PGE-2 degrading enzyme and results of limiting this enzyme.(00:21:33) Human Trials, Challenges & Drug DevelopmentDiscussion on the prospects of translating findings to human treatments and developing an oral drug(00:24:42) Timeline and Clinical TrialsAnticipated timelines for the drug's availability for human trials and potential applications. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Russ's curated playlist of six episodes from our archive to accompany you through the holiday season & into the new year.Curated Episode Links:Is it time to rethink philanthropy? (Robert Reich) --> YouTube or Episode PageThe future of the gut microbiome (KC Huang) --> YouTube or Episode PageHow 3D printing is changing medicine (Joseph DeSimone) --> YouTube or Episode PageThe future of computational linguistics (Chris Manning) --> YouTube or Episode PageWhy physical books will always be with us (Elaine Treharne) --> YouTube or Episode PageA mobile app can be the gateway for helping communities improve their health and well-being (Abby King) --> YouTube or Episode PageConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor Michael Fischbach, tells us that the “gut biome” – that is, the complex community of bacteria that lives in our gastrointestinal tract – is what makes digesting and extracting nutrients from those meals possible. We hope you’ll tune in.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction to Microbiome: A PrimerHost Russ Altman introduces the episode and its focus on the gut biome with guest Professor Michael Fischbach. Russ discusses the importance of bacteria & the influence of diet on maintaining a healthy microbiome, specifically yogurt(00:04:08) The Role of BacteriaAn explanation of how bacteria are utilized by our body for digestion(00:06:16) Antibiotics and Gut Microbiome DisruptionThe repercussions of antibiotic use on the gut microbiome's composition and its effects on digestion.(00:07:14) Bacterial Chemicals in the BodyA detailed explanation of how bacteria create chemicals that enter the bloodstream & example of one of these chemicals, of TMAO (trimethylamine N oxide) and its connection to heart disease risk. (00:09:48) Vegans and TMAOInsight into a study involving vegans and their lack of TMAO production due to the absence of specific gut bacteria & its implications.(00:12:31) Bacteria's Use of Chemicals for SurvivalDr. Fischbach explains how bacteria utilize chemicals in food due to the absence of oxygen in the gut. The concept of electrons and their role in bacterial survival.(00:14:17) Microbial CommunitiesDiscussion on manipulating microbial communities and the challenges associated with making precise changes. (00:15:22) Fecal Transplants and Community DynamicsInsight into the success of fecal transplants in treating gut infections. Understanding the dynamics of microbial communities and their role in combating infections.(00:18:30) Building Complex Microbial CommunitiesExploring efforts to construct diverse communities and the stability of ecosystems. Early observations on the interactions between various bacterial species in complex communities(00:21:16) Precision Fecal TransplantsDiscussion on the limitations of fecal transplants and the need and potential for precision in microbial composition for treating diseases. (00:22:29) Microbiome Diagnostics for Disease DetectionThe potential of microbiome analysis as a diagnostic tool for diseases like Crohn's, based on differences in gut community rosters. The debate around whether changes in the microbiome precede or result from diseases, as well as genetic & environmental factors.(00:25:39) Fermented Foods and Microbiome ImpactDiscussion on the potential health benefits of fermented foods and predictions about future interventions involving bacteria (00:26:29) Microbiome and Aging EffectsEarly research on the impact of aging on the microbiome and the potential for programmed microbiome composition at different life stages. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor Stephen Quake's research has helped countless patients avoid the pain and suffering that can come with invasive diagnostic testing. Russ and Stephen discuss his work to develop a number of noninvasive blood tests to help detect preterm births, genetic disorders like Down Syndrome, cancer, and organ transplant rejection. It’s an episode that reminds us of the power of good science. We hope you’ll take another listen and enjoy.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces the episode featuring Dr. Stephen Quake, highlighting his contributions to non-invasive blood tests. (00:00:46) Understanding DNA in DiagnosticsIntroduction to the revelation of detecting DNA in the bloodstream, shedding light on various bodily processes.(00:02:24) The Beginning of Dr. Quake’s work with Cell Free DNADr. Quake tells the story of his journey into research with cell free DNA beginning with searching for a less risky alternative to an amniocentesis(00:05:11) Impact on Prenatal TestingThe transformation in prenatal diagnostics, replacing invasive tests & understanding the detection capabilities for prenatal genetic disorders like using cell-free DNA.(00:06:39) Transplant Rejection MonitoringThe discovery of cell free DNA & it’s use in heart & lung transplant patients detecting early rejection & the real-life implications of this technology.(00:10:35) Unveiling Infectious AgentsThe detection of infectious agents in blood & the real life applications of this discovery(00:14:52) Advances in Cancer DetectionDiscussion shifts to cancer detection using cell-free DNA, emphasizing the important application of monitoring cancer progression and treatment efficacy. (00:17:18) Predicting Preterm BirthDr. Quake delves into the groundbreaking research predicting preterm births using cell-free RNA and DNA, sharing insights into discoveries indicating preterm birth risks and gestational age predictions and the significance of this.(00:21:42) The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub's MissionThe origins and bold mission of Steve Quake’s current work at the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, to cure, treat, or prevent all human diseases by the end of the century and the feasibility of such an ambitious goal. (00:24:03) Biohub's Research StrategyBiohub's strategy focusing on cell biology and infectious diseases internally, while funding nearly a hundred faculty across diverse areas in Bay Area Universities.(00:26:26) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Percy Liang is an authority on AI who says that we are undergoing a paradigm shift in AI powered by foundation models, which are general-purpose models trained at immense scale, such as ChatGPT. In this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast, Liang tells host Russ Altman about how foundation models are built, how to evaluate them, and the growing concerns with lack of openness and transparency.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces Percy Liang, who runs the Stanford Center on Foundation Models (00:02:26) Defining Foundation ModelsPercy Liang explains the concept of foundation models and the paradigm shift they represent. (00:04:22) How are Foundation Models Built & Trained?Explanation of the training data sources and the scale of training data: training on trillions of words. Details on the network architecture, parameters, and the objective function.(00:10:36) Context Length & Predictive CapabilitiesDiscussion on context length and its role in predictions. Examples illustrating the influence of context length on predictive accuracy. (00:12:28) Understanding HallucinationPercy Liang explains how foundation models “hallucinate”, and the need for both truth and creative tasks which requires “lying”. (00:15:19) Alignment and Reinforcement in TrainingThe role of alignment and reinforcement learning from human feedback in controlling model outputs. (00:18:14) Evaluating Foundation ModelsThe shift from task-specific evaluations to comprehensive model evaluations, Introduction of HELM & the challenges in evaluation these models. (00:25:09) Foundation Models Transparency IndexPercy Liang details the Foundation Models Transparency Index, the initial results and reactions by the companies evaluated by it.(00:29:42) Open vs. Closed AI Models: Benefits & RisksThe spectrum between open and closed AI models , benefits and security impacts Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Guest Alex Konings studies fundamental links between the global cycle of water percolating into the ground and evaporating into the skies and a similar cycle of carbon moving through the world, shaping ecosystems, droughts, and fires. These cycles are inextricably bound, she says, and understanding how they function individually and in tandem is key to life on planet Earth. These important cycles may be easily overlooked but they cannot be ignored, Konings tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introductions Host Russ Altman introduces the episode's focus on plant water with Dr. Alex Konings.(00:02:37) Understanding Global Carbon and Water CyclesDr. Konings defines and explains the global carbon and water cycles and their interconnectedness, and significance(00:05:08) TranspirationDetailed explanation of transpiration: the movement of water through plants, from soil to leaves and into the atmosphere. Significance of transpiration in the context of water loss and its impact on available resources.(00:07:25) Implications of TranspirationDiscussion on how transpiration affects weather, solar energy, weather forecasts & water cycling via transpiration.(00:10:21) Transpiration and Climate ChangeDr. Konings elaborates on the changing dynamics of transpiration in response to rising atmospheric temperatures & how plants adapt to increased transpiration, as well as their area of research.(00:13:48) Using Satellites to measure Plant Water ContentExplanation of how satellites utilize microwaves and radar technology to measure water content in plants & challenges associated with it.(00:18:37) Impact of Transpiration on DroughtsDr. Konings elaborates on how increased transpiration in higher temperature intensifies and speeds up the onset of drought conditions.(00:21:37) Satellite Gravity Measurements for Groundwater AssessmentAn explanation of how satellites can be utilized to measure groundwater by measuring the force of gravity. (00:22:30) Plant Water Dynamics, Fire Risk & PredictionsDr. Konings discusses the intricate relationship between plant water dynamics and fire risk, and how satellite-derived plant water data can be utilized in fire risk assessment models.(00:26:39) Satellite Sources and Public Data AccessibilityInsight into the satellites used for measurements & accessibility of satellite data from federal agencies for research and public use.(00:27:51) Role in Governmental Agencies and PolicyDr. Konings elaborates on how her measurements and research is being utilized by government bodies and the potential for it. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

We’re re-running a fascinating conversation Russ had with Zhenan Bao back in 2017 about the work she and her lab are doing to develop artificial skin. The possible applications of a material that could replicate properties of human skin range from restoring a sense of touch for amputees to creating bendable electronics. Thank you for tuning in, we hope you enjoy this episode from the archives.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introduction and Understanding the Significance of SkinRuss Altman introduces the episode, guest, Dr. Zhenan Bao, and the topic of artificial skin technology. (00:02:40) Exploring the Science Behind Artificial SkinDr. Bao explains the materials and mechanisms behind artificial skin.(00:05:51) Practical Applications and Future PossibilitiesPotential applications, including foldable cell phones, sensors on prosthetic limbs, paint, and clothing, the opportunities and concerns. (00:10:06) Self-Healing Properties of Artificial SkinDr. Bao explains the concept of self-healing materials, inspired by biological systems, enabled by shape memory materials.(00:12:33) Exploring Applications in Energy SourcesPotential applications of flexible materials in solar cells and lithium-ion batteries, & safety concerns and battery health monitoring using these materials.(00:15:05) Integrating Multiple Sensory FunctionsRuss asks about the possibility of integrating various sensory functions into a single material, and Dr. Bao explains options for layering using inkjet and 3d printing.(00:17:56) Interface Challenges and Communicating with the Human BrainThe conversation delves into the challenges of interfacing electronic materials with the human brain.(00:19:54) Research Motivation and Collaborative ApproachDr. Bao shares her journey into her field of research, the collaborators she chooses and her studentès innovations.(00:22:51) Bendable Cell Phones: A Glimpse into the FutureInsights into the future of smartphones, describing bendable devices that offer a transformative user experience.(00:25:11) University Research and Transformative ImpactDr. Zhenan Bao explains the focus of university research, emphasizing the importance of dreaming about the future, training the next generation, and balancing transformative impact with long-term goals. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Space exploration and travel are two topics that are always exciting, and that have sparked a lot of enthusiasm about the future. Debbie Senesky, a previous guest on the show, researches ways to develop tiny, tough electronics that could help augment our abilities to further explore extreme environments, such as those found in space. Today we’re re-running a conversation Russ had with Debbie in 2017 on this topic. Enjoy.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces the episode, guest, Dr. Debbie Senesky and electronics for extreme environments.(00:04:29) Challenges in Space ExplorationDr. Senesky's insights into the challenges of space exploration, focusing on the need for tiny and tough electronics and introduces wide bandgap semiconductor materials.(00:07:38) Operation Temperatures of New MaterialsDiscussion on the operational temperatures of wide band gap semiconductor materials, & contextualization of these temperatures in everyday life.(00:10:13) Venus and it’s harsh environmentIntroduction to Venus, and its unique characteristics as well as the scientific goals and reasons for studying it.(00:13:10) History of Venus Missions and ExplorationOverview of past Venus missions, including the Venera program by Russia, and the challenges faced in engineering for these missions(00:16:21) Engineering Challenges in Other Space ExplorationThe conversation moves on to some of the other challenges posed by exploring other planets and areas of space including cold temps and power sources.(00:18:03) Collaboration with Space AgenciesDiscussion on collaborations between research labs and space agencies like NASA; Dr. Senesky explains her current area of research and opportunities for testing. (00:21:15) The Space Industry Renaissance and Access to SpaceRuss & Debbie discuss the current boom of the space industry, the technology and developments, as well as the challenges raised by it.(00:23:34) Nanoscale Materials and Engineering ChallengesIntroduction to nanoscale materials, their production, and their applications in space technologies. Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Using math to improve photographs, with expert guest Gordon Wetzstein. Such methods have exploded in recent years and have wide-ranging impacts from improving your family photos, to making self-driving cars safer, to building ever-more-powerful microscopes. Somewhere in between hardware and software, he says, is the field of computational imaging, which makes cameras do some pretty amazing things. Wetzstein and host Russ Altman bring it all into focus on this episode of Stanford Engineering’s The Future of Everything podcast.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) Introductions Host Russ Altman introduces the guest, Gordon Wetzstein as well as the concept of non-line-of-sight imaging.(00:02:58) Computational Imaging Gordon Wetzstein explains the concept of computational imaging and the way it integrates hardware and software for optimal image capture.(00:04:22) High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging & Focal StackingAn explanation of what HDR is and how it captures high-contrast scenes, and the similar process of focal stacking, using multiple images to create depth. (00:09:56) Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging (00:15:51) Optical Computing: Extending Hardware Capabilities Insights into optical computing, explaining how specially designed hardware can preprocess data for AI algorithms.(00:18:08) Applications of Optical ComputingExploration of applications for optical computing in power constraint systems and increased efficiency in data centers.(00:23:07) The Intersection of AI, Physics, and Computer Graphics Synergy between AI, physics, and computer graphics in creating 3D content and models. (00:25:47) Generative AI to Create 3D from 2DExploring the challenge of generating 3D digital humans from unstructured 2D images using algorithms(00:32:02) Challenges & Advancements in VR and AR Design Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Almost everyone knows someone who has battled cancer. Today, on The Future of Everything, we’re re-running our episode with Professor Jennifer Cochran who is bringing some hope in this area through work she and her lab are doing to find ways to localize therapies directly to the site of cancer tumors for more efficient and effective treatment. You won’t want to miss this one, it’s full of inspiring insights that will hopefully move us toward a future of improving outcomes for cancer patients.Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionHost Russ Altman introduces the episode, highlighting the widespread impact of cancer and the need for innovative treatment methods.(00:00:45) Traditional Cancer TreatmentsOverview of conventional cancer treatments: surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Challenges and limitations associated with existing treatments.(00:03:30) New Approaches to Cancer TherapyExploration of targeted therapies utilizing biological understanding of cancer cells. (00:05:46) Guided Chemotherapy MissilesIntroduction of guest Dr. Jennifer Cochran and her work developing ‘guided chemotherapy missiles’. Dr Cochran explains how they work and the benefits of them.(00:09:04) Directed Evolution and Designer ProteinsIntroduction to the concept of directed evolution, the process of driving evolution in a test tube to create designer proteins with specific properties.(00:11:16) Utilizing Squirting Cucumber Seed Peptides for ChemotherapyDr. Cochran discusses how they transformed a peptide from the seeds of the squirting cucumber into a tumor-targeting agent, the challenges of the process and the current state of the research.(00:14:56) Immunotherapy and Cancer TreatmentIntroduction to immunotherapy and how these therapies work in our body to fight cancers(00:16:45) Orchestrating Immune Responses: Combining Immunotherapy and Targeted MoleculesDr. Cochran explains the collaboration between tumor targeting technology and immunotherapy and current developments.(00:20:08) Making Immunotherapy Accessible: Challenges and InnovationsDr. Cochran discusses the availability of immunotherapies for cancer patients and the need for broader accessibility.(00:21:30) Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Technology ApplicationExploration of interdisciplinary collaborative research, the challenges and opportunities.(00:22:59) Translating Lab Discoveries into TreatmentsRuss & Jennifer discuss the process and challenges of translating lab research from academia into actual drug development including “ the valley of death” Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.