The Doctor's Lounge

Guest: Ali Mortazavi | CEO, Tangram Therapeutics (formerly E-Therapeutics), London, UKEpisode Summary:Ali Mortazavi is not your typical biotech CEO. A computer scientist by training, former professional chess player, and veteran of financial markets, he invested in an RNAi company in 2012 — and then, by his own admission, made the crazy decision to become its CEO with zero background in biology, chemistry, or medicine.What followed is a 14-year education in the brutal realities of drug development — and a front-row seat to the AI revolution now reshaping it. In this wide-ranging conversation, Mortazavi draws on his extraordinary personal story (fleeing revolutionary Iran as a child, arriving in London unable to speak English, rising through chess and finance) to offer a uniquely cross-disciplinary perspective on why biotech is stuck in a me-too loop, why the incentive system is the real bottleneck, and where AI is — and isn't — changing the game.0:00 - Introduction & Ali's Background1:07 - The Iranian Revolution at Nine Years Old4:44 - Fleeing Iran, Arriving in London6:38 - The Refugee Experience and Starting Over7:49 - Computer Science in 19909:53 - Becoming a Professional Chess Player11:06 - The Vishwanathan Anand Moment13:17 - From Chess to Finance to Biotech CEO14:44 - The Gleevec Illusion and the Reality of Drug Development16:07 - Jay Bhattacharya, Reproducibility, and the PubMed Button18:18 - LLMs as Scientific Compression Systems20:15 - Why LLMs Give "The Average Answer" — The Co-Pilot Model23:44 - Vibe Coding and the Explosion of Code25:36 - AI Won't Replace 10x Coders — It Will Replace 90 of 10026:16 - The GalNAC Case Study: 35 Years of Forgotten Innovation31:10 - The Me-Too Algorithm and Biotech VC Incentives34:40 - GLP-1s: Another 30 Years of Sitting Around35:26 - The FDA, the XBI, and the Current Regulatory Landscape40:43 - Can Politics Fix the Incentive System?42:09 - Why Past Progress Happened Without AI44:24 - Medical Ethics, Experimentation, and the Innovation Tradeoff48:34 - Biotech Is Archaic: The Preclinical De-Risking Problem50:05 - No Animal Model Actually Works52:16 - Over-Regulation vs. Just Plain Hard53:00 - The US Market as the Global Subsidy Engine54:05 - China: Wake-Up Call, Not Innovator56:25 - The London Market: "Don't Call It a Market"58:52 - AI-Native Biotechs: Too Soon to Tell59:36 - Where AI Works: Information. Where It Doesn't: Physics.1:01:29 - Tangram Therapeutics and Libra OS1:04:25 - The Future: SaaS Collapse, Medicine Returns to Fundamentals1:07:36 - Closing: Hope, Broken Glass, and Early AdoptionSubscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @DrsLoungePodFollow the Guest: X: @AAMortazaviCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @sdixitmd | @drdigiorgio

Episode SummaryDr. DiGiorgio returns from testifying before the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, the third in a series of hearings on healthcare costs covering the provider landscape. The two break down the major policy levers discussed in his testimony — site-neutral payment, Stark Law reform, physician-owned hospitals, and Certificate of Need laws — and why so many obviously good solutions remain politically untouchable. They also dig into the rural access gap, the failure of the NP independence experiment to solve it, Medicare Advantage risk adjustment, and the new HHS healthcare advisory committee. As always, the diagnosis is clear; the politics are the hard part.Chapter Markers0:00 – Welcome back & Dr. DiGiorgio's Congressional testimony3:16 – Site-neutral payment: why everyone knows it's right and no one acts6:26 – You can't do site neutrality without also enabling competition8:20 – How MedPAC's methodology actually works11:50 – Stark Law explained — and why it creates a double standard14:32 – Hospice fraud, Armenian gangs, and Nick Shirley20:30 – The original sin: third-party payment and utilization control23:52 – The case for allowing physician referral networks25:15 – Hospitals' self-referral hypocrisy and the Federation of American Hospitals tweet28:52 – How Section 6001 of the ACA banned physician-owned hospitals30:13 – The new HHS healthcare advisory committee — will it matter?37:44 – The rural access gap: how big is the problem really?42:52 – Why NP independence didn't solve rural shortages47:58 – International medical graduates and the rural fiction50:06 – Let prices rise: the market solution to rural primary care55:25 – Medicaid federal matching rates and state competitiveness56:38 – How Democrats and Republicans engaged at the hearing58:57 – The politics of why nothing gets doneLinks:YouTube Dr. Digiorgio Congressional Testimony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjPr3fK9jjcWritten Testimony@anish_koka | @drdigiorgio@drsloungepod🎧 Spotify | Apple Podcasts | YouTube

Kevin Bass, PhD, joins Anish and Dr. DiGiorgio to tell the story of how a viral Newsweek op-ed apologizing for his support of COVID lockdowns and mandates set off a chain of events that ended in his dismissal from Texas Tech's MD/PhD program. Kevin walks through the internal emails, sham professionalism hearings, and rigged dismissal process he uncovered through FERPA records requests — and his ongoing federal and state lawsuits alleging First Amendment retaliation. The conversation then shifts to what Kevin has been building since: using AI pipelines to do large-scale investigative data analysis, from parsing the Epstein files to probing Medicaid fraud — work he argues would have taken a newsroom months, done now in days by one person.YouTube Chapters:00:00 - Introduction and Kevin Bass background01:16 - Kevin's COVID arc: from establishment supporter to dissenter03:14 - The Newsweek op-ed and Tucker Carlson appearance08:00 - Internal emails and the professionalism complaint campaign13:44 - Sham hearings, appeals, and eventual dismissal19:19 - The rigged consolidated hearing and Darren Gibson27:34 - Dr. DiGiorgio on the medical training dismissal system29:51 - Why Kevin still believes in the broader legal system33:00 - What Kevin has been building since dismissal36:00 - Using AI to analyze the Epstein files40:10 - The messiness of large health data sets46:00 - Immigration policy data analysis49:06 - Medicaid fraud and the limits of legal definitions56:20 - Advice to physicians on AI01:03:10 - The future of health policy research in the AI era@anish_koka and @drdigiorgio@drsloungepod🎧 Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-doctors-lounge/id1489323962🎧 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7vE4aCMpVHnSGwuOHiGVLp▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheDoctorsLoungeResources:Kevin Bass's case documentation site: https://case.kevinnbass.comKevin Bass on Substack: https://www.kevinnbass.comKevin Bass on X: @kevinnbassKevin's original Newsweek op-ed (Jan. 2023): https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-scientific-community-admit-we-were-wrong-about-coivd-it-cost-lives-opinion-1776630Kevin's Epoch Times essay on his dismissal: https://www.theepochtimes.com/opinion/how-my-medical-school-scandalously-dismissed-me-5580841

Dr. Anish Koka and Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio open with the little-known medical story behind the death of the Shah of Iran — how Mohammed Reza Pahlavi came to be operated on in Cairo in 1980 by legendary cardiovascular surgeon Michael DeBakey, and how the "comforting explanation" bias may have contributed to his death from a post-operative abscess rather than his underlying cancer. The case, drawn from a piece by Dr. Li Zhao (NYU Langone), launches a broader conversation about anchoring bias in medicine and the cognitive traps all clinicians face. From there, the hosts turn to the quality metric industrial complex — MIPS, the new low back pain ambulatory model threatening a 12% Medicare penalty for spine surgeons, the hospital readmission program's documented mortality spike, and how 2,266 CMS metrics are costing billions while failing patients. They close with a NEJM perspectives piece from Harvard Business School's Leemore Daphne on health insurance consolidation and her surprisingly free-market prescriptions for reform.Chapters00:00 Introduction02:00 The Shah of Iran — Political Background03:45 The Shah's Leukemia and Michael DeBakey's 1980 Surgery06:30 A Spleen the Size of a Football08:00 The Decision Not to Drain — And Its Consequences10:00 The Comforting Explanation Bias12:30 Subspecialization Matters — The Most Famous Surgeon Isn't Always the Right One14:45 Anchoring Bias in Clinical Medicine17:00 Modern Imaging and Residents as Checks on Bias18:30 Surgeons, Complications, and the M&M Conference21:00 Segue: Judging Doctors by Stats22:30 The Origins of Quality Metrics — Donabedian 196624:00 MIPS and How It Actually Works26:00 The New Back Pain Ambulatory Specialty Model — A 12% Penalty28:00 Evidence That Metrics Harm Patients: Hospital Readmission Reduction Program30:30 Obstetrics and the C-Section Penalty31:30 Press Ganey and the Cafeteria Problem33:00 Risk Adjustment Gaming — 40% Margin Increase from Coder Rounding38:00 2,266 Metrics and 108,000 Person-Hours at Johns Hopkins40:00 Why Doctors Leave Medicare42:00 What Good Metrics Could Look Like — Dr. DiGiorgio's JAMA Proposal44:00 Health Insurance Consolidation — NEJM Perspectives50:30 FDA, Vinay Prasad, and the WSJ Retraction55:00 Next Week: Kevin BassSubscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube Follow the Show: X: @DrsLoungePod Co-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdigiorgio

In this conversation, Dr. Mary Talley Bowden shares her experiences as an independent physician during the COVID-19 pandemic, detailing her courageous battle against health systems and the Texas Medical Board. She discusses the challenges faced by healthcare professionals, the impact of politics on medical practices, and the importance of patient care and medical freedom. Dr. Bowden emphasizes the need for changes in healthcare policies, including the repeal of mandates and the promotion of alternative treatments like ivermectin. Her personal philosophy and motivation to fight for her patients shine through as she navigates the complexities of the healthcare system.Chapters00:00 Introduction to Dr. Mary Talley Bowden02:17 Dr. Bowden's Courageous Battle Against Health Systems06:01 The Role of Telemedicine and Ivermectin in COVID Treatment11:37 Legal Battles and Hospital Privileges17:03 The Texas Medical Board and Its Controversies22:21 Political Dynamics in Texas Healthcare27:22 The Future of Independent Medicine32:19 The Impact of COVID Vaccines on Patients37:26 Ethical Concerns and Medical Mandates40:40 Critique of Public Health Figures46:03 The Role of Independent Physicians50:58 Future of Healthcare and Patient EmpowermentAbout Dr. Mary Talley Bowden:Dr. Mary Talley Bowden is a Stanford-trained ENT physician running a solo, third-party-free practice in Houston, Texas. She became nationally known during COVID for continuing to see patients, offering early treatment, and publicly opposing vaccine mandates. She is currently in ongoing litigation with both Houston Methodist and the Texas Medical Board.Subscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @DrsLoungePodCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @sdixitmd |

Episode Title: The Medicaid Data Dump: $1.7 Billion in Billing From Shell Companies and Why Nobody Stopped ItGuest: Samir Unni | Biomedical Engineer, former Palantir healthcare data lead, currently working on federal data modernization effortsChapters00:00 Introduction and Technical Difficulties02:47 Reflections on Jay Bhattacharya's Insights06:04 Navigating Polarization in Science08:50 Moderna's Flu Vaccine Controversy11:56 Understanding the FDA's Refusal to File14:58 The Medicaid Data Dump and Its Implications17:50 Duplicate Payments in Medicaid20:59 The Role of Transparency in Healthcare24:01 Home Health Services and Fraud Risks42:57 Understanding Fraud in Government Billing46:51 Political Ramifications of Home Health Agencies50:53 Analyzing Data for Fraud Detection56:30 Incentives and Accountability in Healthcare01:01:52 The Role of Technology in Fraud Prevention01:12:32 Legislative Solutions to Healthcare FraudResources Mentioned:Samir Unni's viral Medicaid data thread (@SamirUnni on X)CMS TMSIS Medicaid provider-level data releaseAnish Koka's deep dive on Fluarix clinical efficacyHHS Office of Inspector General excluded individuals/entities listDr. Mandrola's posts on the Moderna/FDA controversyAlex Berenson's report on autism behavioral therapy billing trendsAbout Samir Unni:Samir Unni is a biomedical engineer who has spent over a decade working at the intersection of healthcare and data analytics. He previously served as a lead at Palantir working with government and healthcare organizations, and is now focused on modernizing how the federal government leverages AI and data tools to identify waste and fraud in public health programs.Subscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @drsloungepodCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @sdixitmd | @DrDiGiorgio

In this engaging conversation, Dr. Jay Bhattacharya discusses his unique perspective as a health economist and the impact of his training on his approach to public health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. He reflects on the Great Barrington Declaration, the importance of dissent in science, and the need for reform within the NIH to foster innovation and address the replication crisis in research. Dr. Bhattacharya emphasizes the necessity of a culture shift in science, advocating for transparency and rigorous inquiry into public health issues, including vaccines and chronic diseases.TakeawaysDr. Bhattacharya's background in economics shapes his approach to health policy.The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of considering trade-offs in public health decisions.Dissent in science is crucial for progress and innovation.The Great Barrington Declaration challenged the prevailing public health narrative during the pandemic.The NIH must adapt to foster a culture of questioning and innovation.Addressing the replication crisis is essential for restoring trust in scientific research.Public health responses must be transparent and trustworthy to gain public confidence.Raising the evidentiary bar for vaccines is necessary to ensure safety and efficacy.The NIH's role in funding research should focus on improving health outcomes.A second scientific revolution is needed to shift the power dynamics in research. TitlesNavigating Public Health: Insights from Dr. Jay BhattacharyaThe Economics of Health Policy: A Conversation with Dr. BhattacharyaChapters00:00 Introduction to Dr. Jay Bhattacharya03:18 The Influence of Economics on Health Policy06:23 Unique Perspectives During the COVID-19 Pandemic10:12 The Role of Authority in Public Health Decisions13:08 The Great Barrington Declaration and Its Impact16:27 Challenges to Scientific Consensus19:08 Leading the NIH: An Economic Perspective22:33 Addressing the Replication Crisis in Science36:56 Addressing Scientific Stagnation and Replication Crisis43:42 Fostering a Culture of Dissent in Science52:56 Setting Research Priorities for Public Health59:58 Navigating Vaccine Safety and Public TrustSubscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @drsloungepodCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @sdixitmd | @DrDiGiorgio

Benjamin Ryan was the only journalist in the courtroom for every day of the first detransition lawsuit to reach a jury verdict. In January 2025, a White Plains jury awarded $2 million to Fox Varian, who received a double mastectomy at age 16 after being diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Years later, she detransitioned and sued her psychologist and plastic surgeon.What happened in that courtroom tells a bigger story about how American medicine got here, why Europe is walking it back, and what happens when "affirmation" becomes the only acceptable path. Ben breaks down the testimony, the expert witnesses, the coerced mother, and why one of WPATH's own leaders sank the defense.This conversation covers the case details, the prefrontal lobotomy parallel, why the American Academy of Pediatrics can't back down, insurance incentives gone wrong, and what it's like to be the only journalist willing to cover the story everyone's afraid to touch.Chapter List1:00 - Introduction: Benjamin Ryan, The Only Reporter in the Room4:00 - How Ben Got Into Trans Medicine Reporting7:00 - The Case Overview: Fox Varian vs Her Medical Team10:00 - Body Dysmorphia vs Gender Dysphoria: The Fatal Error13:00 - Ken Einhorn and the Philosophy of Affirmation17:00 - The Pride Center Records He Never Requested19:00 - Dr. Loren Schechter: WPATH's President-Elect Testifies for Plaintiff22:00 - Coercing the Mother: "You're Not in Reality, Mom"25:00 - Why Was the Plastic Surgeon Liable?29:00 - The Lobotomy Parallel: When Medicine Gets It Wrong33:00 - The Ethics of Taking Functioning Organs37:00 - Why the Plastic Surgeons Released a Statement39:00 - Expert Witness Testimony: The Game-Changer42:00 - Johanna Olson-Kennedy: "Live Son or Dead Daughter"44:00 - The Nose Job Fallacy: Breasts Have Function46:00 - How Did We Get Here? Internet, Social Media, Civil Rights50:00 - Why Europe Walked It Back and America Didn't54:00 - The Insurance Problem: Perverse Incentives59:00 - Why Medical Societies Can't Say "We Don't Know"1:02:00 - The Media Blackout: "No Institutional Bandwidth"1:05:00 - Closing: Follow Ben's Substack for Case FilesSubscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @drsloungepodCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @sdixitmd | @DrDiGiorgioGuest: Benjamin Ryan on Substack: Hazard Ratio (benryan.substack.com)Ben's Free Press Article : A Legal First That Could Change Gender Medicine

Guest: Ed Gaines, JD, CPC Vice President of Regulatory Affairs, Zotec Partners Honorary Member, American College of Emergency PhysiciansEpisode Summary:If you're a hospital-based physician and you don't understand the No Surprises Act, you're missing the biggest shift in payment leverage in decades. Insurance companies estimated there would be 17,000 disputes. The actual number? Over 2.5 million. And physicians are winning 85-90% of them.Ed Gaines has been fighting for physician payment for 32 years—from the 1990s battle over 1099 independent contractors to today's war over Independent Dispute Resolution. He explains how California's "neutral" stance cost physicians dearly, why Trump's price transparency rule changed everything, and what Anthem's threat to cut hospital payments really means.0:00 - Introduction & Opening1:05 - Who is Ed Gaines?2:25 - The Origin Story: From Healthcare Fascination to Capitol Hill6:31 - The 1099 Battle: A Five-Year Fight (1997-2002)14:19 - What is the No Surprises Act?17:26 - State Laws vs. Federal Action23:48 - California's Mistake: When the CMA Was "Neutral"26:44 - The Consolidation Paradox28:36 - The Legislative Battle: Ways and Means vs. Energy and Commerce31:43 - Becerra's Sabotage: Four Lawsuits, Four Victories37:39 - The Current Battle: Insurance Companies Strike Back40:43 - The Trump Transparency Game-Changer42:55 - Who's Really Using IDR?43:50 - Anthem's New Tactic: Going After Hospitals46:18 - The Antitrust Argument47:40 - Closing ThoughtsIn This Episode:The 1099 battle (1997-2002): How persistence won a 5-year legislative fightWhy the California Medical Association regrets being "neutral" on AB 72The $50 billion that health plans tried to extract from physiciansHow HHS tried to sabotage the NSA—and lost in federal court four timesWhy CMS was off by 147X in predicting IDR case volumeTrump's transparency rule: The data that's winning cases for physiciansAnthem's new strategy: Threatening 10% payment cuts to hospitalsThe antitrust case against insurance company boycottsWhy 70% of IDR users are independent physicians, not just PE groupsKey Quotes:"CMS estimated 17,000 cases. The actual number was over 2.5 million. They missed by just a touch.""The judge literally said the agency tried to put their thumb on the scales of justice in favor of health plans.""The California Medical Association was neutral on benchmarking to 125% of Medicare. To their credit, they realized they'd made a mistake.""They're losing 85-90% of cases at 6, 7, 8X of Medicare. They didn't see this coming.""For years they got to unilaterally decide what out-of-network payment would be, then just blame doctors for balance billing."About Ed Gaines: Ed has worked in physician revenue cycle management for 32 years, supporting over 22,000 physicians across all 50 states. He specializes in emergency medicine, radiology, anesthesia, and orthopedics advocacy. The American College of Emergency Physicians made him an honorary member in 2010—rare recognition for a non-physician.Subscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSS

What happens when a spine surgeon who's been in private practice since the Obamacare era sits down with doctors across the political spectrum? You get one of the most honest conversations about healthcare reform we've had.Brian Gantwerker doesn't fit neatly into anyone's box. He's a private practice capitalist who thinks breaking up insurance companies is essential. He believes in "just pricing" for craniotomies (hint: it's more than $2,000). He thinks Medicare was actually a great payer—until Medicare Advantage ruined it. And he has strong opinions about why physicians spend so much time fighting each other on Twitter instead of finding common ground.This conversation covers the Medicare Advantage meltdown (UnitedHealthcare shares tanking), vertical integration nightmares, why the FTC needs to break up both insurers AND hospitals, and what it's like when your congressman literally saves your practice. Plus: the real reason healthcare policy debates get so toxic on social media, and why quote-tweeting might be making everything worse.0:00 - Introduction: Doctors in the Lounge 0:33 - Who is Brian Gantwerker? 2:08 - Starting Private Practice in the Obamacare Era 5:34 - UnitedHealthcare: The Pontine Glioma of Healthcare 7:43 - Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare 10:26 - The Medicare Advantage Denial Story 14:35 - Who Gets the Value in Value-Based Care? 16:07 - The Free Market That Doesn't Exist Yet 19:16 - What Should a Craniotomy Cost? 21:47 - Breaking Up the Monopolies: Insurers AND Hospitals 27:09 - The Labor Theory of Value Debate 30:21 - CPT Codes and Central Planning 32:20 - The "Just Price" vs Free Market 35:42 - HSAs for Medicaid Recipients 38:47 - Price Transparency: Why Can't Healthcare Be Like Amazon? 40:03 - The Workout Period Problem 43:52 - FTC and Vertical Integration 46:04 - Lobbying, Congress, and Changing Minds 48:07 - Why Twitter Makes Physicians Fight Each Other 51:24 - Political Rancor and Taking Sides 55:14 - The Dr. Asghar Tweet Controversy 59:24 - Quote-Tweeting: The Death of Dialogue 1:03:03 - X as Thunderdome vs Real Conversation 1:04:35 - The Ted Lieu Saves: When Congress Actually Helps 1:07:32 - Closing: Shah Rukh Khan Hair and Finding Common GroundSubscribe to The Doctor's Lounge: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | YouTube | RSSFollow the Show: X: @TheDoctorsLoCo-hosts: @anish_koka | @drdanchoi | @dutchrojas | @drdigiorgio | @sdixitmdGuest: @cscla

Guest: Josh Umbehr, MD | Co-founder & CEO, Atlas MD | DPC PioneerSummary: In 2010, Josh Umbehr launched Atlas MD charging $50/month for unlimited primary care with no insurance billing. Other doctors said it wasn't sustainable. Fourteen years later, he runs a platform serving 1,800+ practices and built his own insurance company. This conversation covers the full journey: wholesale medication costs ($0.01/pill metformin), the $2M it takes to start insurance, why Singapore's model works, and why 80% of healthcare spending is eliminable.Key Topics:DPC Economics: How $50/month works ($2 CBC tests, cutting 5-6 staff)Building Insurance: $2M startup, actuarial challenges, association modelSingapore Healthcare: What economists miss about primary careFractional Specialists: 1,800 practices sharing one cardiologistCMS Meeting: "We can't participate and innovate"GLP-1 Pricing: Why insurance coverage raises costsVaccine Nuance: Risk/benefit in contextThe 80% Solution: Eliminating waste, not rationingTop Quotes:"80% of $4-5 trillion could be cut out. That's reasonable math, not wishful thinking.""We can't participate and innovate" [to CMS Administrator]"Best way to make GLP-1s affordable: stop covering with insurance""Biggest DPC problem isn't the model—it's getting people to understand high quality + affordable price"

KeywordsAlex Berenson, COVID vaccine, Medicaid fraud, autism services, healthcare, investigative journalism, MCOs, AI in healthcare, public health, healthcare policySummaryIn this conversation, Anish Koka and Alex Berenson delve into critical issues surrounding the COVID vaccine, Medicaid fraud, and the financial incentives within autism services. They discuss the implications of investigative journalism in public health, the role of Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), and the potential future of healthcare with the integration of AI. Berenson emphasizes the need for accountability and transparency in healthcare spending, particularly in Medicaid, which has ballooned to a trillion-dollar program with significant fraud and abuse. The discussion highlights the importance of asking tough questions and the consequences of ignoring systemic issues in healthcare policy.TakeawaysAlex Berenson is a notable investigative journalist who challenges mainstream narratives.The COVID vaccine's efficacy was overestimated, leading to misguided public health policies.Medicaid fraud is rampant, with significant financial implications for taxpayers.The autism services sector has seen explosive growth in spending without adequate oversight.Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) often lack the incentive to control costs in Medicaid.There is a need for more physician oversight in Medicaid-funded services.The financial incentives in healthcare can lead to waste and abuse of funds.AI's role in healthcare could complicate oversight and accountability.Public support for Medicaid could diminish if fraud and waste are not addressed.The conversation underscores the importance of transparency in healthcare spending. Chapters00:00 Introduction to Alex Berenson06:11 Investigating COVID Vaccine Efficacy12:22 Exploring Medicaid Fraud and Abuse20:00 Autism Services and Financial Incentives30:08 The Role of MCOs in Medicaid36:50 The Future of Healthcare and AILinks: Berenson Substack on Medicaid and Autism: (100) Medicaid fraud and abuse are hitting unthinkable levels@X handles:@alexberenson @anish_koka @DrDiGiorgio @drdanchoi @sdixitmd

Send us a textSummaryIn this episode of the Doctor's Lounge, hosts Anish Koka, Anthony DiGiorgio, and Sanat Dixit delve into the complexities of healthcare policy, particularly focusing on recent statements made by former President Trump regarding healthcare reform. They discuss the implications of Trump's proposed 'Great Healthcare Plan,' which aims to lower drug prices and insurance premiums while increasing price transparency. The conversation highlights the need for deeper reforms, such as relaxing insurance regulations and addressing hospital consolidation, to truly lower healthcare costs. The hosts express a mix of cautious optimism and skepticism about the effectiveness of these proposals, emphasizing the importance of patient empowerment in the healthcare marketplace.The discussion then shifts to the role of AI in healthcare, particularly in clinical decision-making. The hosts explore the regulatory landscape surrounding AI tools and the potential for these technologies to enhance patient care while also raising concerns about accountability and the need for oversight. They conclude with a critical examination of the 340B drug discount program, discussing its unintended consequences and the need for reform to ensure that it serves its intended purpose of aiding low-income patients rather than enriching large health systems. Overall, the episode provides a nuanced look at the intersection of policy, technology, and patient care in the evolving healthcare landscape.Keywordshealthcare reform, Trump healthcare plan, AI in healthcare, 340B program, healthcare policy, patient empowerment, drug pricing, insurance premiums, healthcare costs, medical malpracticeChapters00:00 Introduction to Healthcare Complexity01:12 Trump's Healthcare Plan Overview04:38 The Role of AI in Healthcare09:31 FDA Regulations on AI Tools17:34 Ethics and Accountability in AI31:53 Case Study: Whole Body MRI and Malpractice34:30 The Prenuvo Case and Medical Liability38:59 Defensive Medicine and Its Implications43:09 The 340B Drug Discount Program Explained50:54 Critique of the 340B Program and Its Impact01:00:02 Reimagining Healthcare Funding and Patient Care🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordshealthcare, ACA subsidies, vaccine schedule, AI in healthcare, concierge medicine, food pyramid, healthcare policy, public health, physician autonomy, healthcare costsSummaryIn this episode, the hosts delve into the complexities of healthcare, discussing the ongoing saga of ACA subsidies, recent changes to vaccine schedules, and the implications of AI in healthcare. They explore the pros and cons of concierge medicine and the recent shift in dietary guidelines, emphasizing the need for a more patient-centered approach in healthcare policy. The conversation highlights the philosophical debates surrounding healthcare access, autonomy, and the role of government in managing health systems.TakeawaysHealthcare plans are more complicated than they seem.The ACA subsidies have been extended amidst political maneuvering.Changes in vaccine schedules reflect a shift towards shared decision-making.AI is becoming increasingly integrated into healthcare practices.Concierge medicine offers personalized care but raises equity concerns.The food pyramid has been updated to reflect healthier eating guidelines.Patients deserve autonomy in their healthcare decisions.Government involvement in healthcare often leads to inefficiencies.The healthcare system needs to prioritize patient relationships.Philosophical debates about healthcare access continue to evolve.Chapters00:00 The Complexity of Healthcare Plans01:11 The ACA Subsidies Debate04:58 Vaccination Schedules and Public Health12:46 AI in Healthcare: Innovations and Concerns37:53 Ezekiel Emanuel and the Affordable Care Act40:09 Critique of Healthcare Policies and Ideologies43:48 The Flaws of Central Planning in Healthcare46:55 Concerns Over Incremental Changes in Healthcare49:37 Cultural Shifts and the Future of American Healthcare54:50 Concierge Medicine: Access and Quality of Care01:00:07 Dietary Changes and Public Health Messaging🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordshealthcare policy, Medicaid, ACA, fraud, social media, bureaucracy, primary care, immigration, healthcare reform, insuranceTakeawaysThe One Big Beautiful Bill aimed to reform Medicaid and tighten eligibility checks.Fraud in Medicaid has been highlighted by recent cases, particularly in Minnesota.Work requirements for Medicaid recipients are seen as a reasonable eligibility check.The expiration of ACA subsidies has led to increased healthcare costs for many.Social media has become a platform for impactful healthcare discussions.Bureaucracy in healthcare is under scrutiny, with calls for more accountability.First principles thinking is essential for developing effective healthcare solutions.Physicians must consider how their income and practices are perceived in society.Immigration policies impact the supply of physicians in the US healthcare system.Access to primary care is crucial for reducing ER congestion and improving health outcomes.SummaryIn this New Year's episode, Anthony DiGiorgio and Anish Koka reflect on the significant healthcare policy changes of 2025, focusing on the One Big Beautiful Bill and its impact on Medicaid. They discuss the recent fraud cases in Minnesota, the expiration of ACA subsidies, and the role of social media in shaping healthcare conversations. The conversation also touches on the importance of primary care access, the perception of physicians, and the need for first principles thinking in healthcare reform. As they look ahead to 2026, they express hope for more accountability and innovative solutions in the healthcare system.Sound bites"Bureaucracy in healthcare is under scrutiny.""Physicians must consider their income perception.""Immigration policies impact physician supply."Chapters00:00 New Year Reflections on Healthcare Policy10:44 The Impact of ACA Subsidy Expiration14:53 Social Media Influence in Healthcare Discussions19:53 Examining Bureaucracy and Professional Organizations25:12 First Principles in Healthcare Solutions33:58 The Fairness of Medical Training and Immigration34:27 The Role of Third-Payer Systems in Healthcare35:25 Collectivism vs. Individualism in Healthcare36:16 The Future of Healthcare: Leftist Movements and Universal Care37:34 Populism and Promises in Politics38:33 Uncovering Medicaid Fraud and Healthcare Spending40:29 The Impact of High Salaries in Healthcare41:45 The Dangers of Single-Payer Systems42:13 The Canadian Healthcare System: A Case Study44:21 Primary Care and Emergency Room Dynamics46:19 Price Signals in Healthcare49:22 The Debate on Hospital Capacity and Access51:45 The Misconceptions of Universal Healthcare53:31 The Role of Private Insurance in Universal Systems55:42 Healthcare Innovation and Market Dynamics57:24 The Economics of Healthcare Employment59:11 The High-Speed Rail Controversy and Government Spending01:01:35 Looking Ahead: Hopes for 2026🔗 Connect with the Hosts:• Dutch Rojas on X• Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X• Dr. Anish Koka on X• Dr. Dan Choi on X• Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordselectronic medical records, healthcare technology, EHR challenges, physician experience, digital health, healthcare regulations, EMR usability, healthcare innovation, patient care, medical technology, EHR, healthcare efficiency, physician ownership, diversity in medicine, medical education, healthcare bureaucracy, DEI, patient care, healthcare systems, physician burnoutSummaryIn this episode of Doctors' Lounge, the conversation revolves around the challenges and inefficiencies of electronic medical records (EMRs) in healthcare. The hosts discuss the initial excitement surrounding the digital revolution in healthcare, the regulatory capture that has led to a lack of competition in the EHR market, and the personal experiences of physicians in selecting and using EMRs. They emphasize the need for more physician-friendly EHR solutions and the lessons learned from the EMR incentive program. In this conversation, the speakers discuss the challenges faced by Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, the impact of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in medicine, and the implications of these trends on medical education and patient care. They explore the inefficiencies in healthcare systems driven by consolidation and bureaucracy, the need for physician ownership, and the debate surrounding DEI in medical admissions and its effects on standards in the profession.TitlesThe Return of Dutch Rojas: Insights on HealthcareThe Digital Revolution: Has It Failed Us?EHR Challenges: A Deep Dive into UsabilityChoosing the Right EHR: Lessons from ExperienceRegulatory Capture and Its Impact on HealthcareThe Future of EHRs: A Physician-Centric ApproachChapters00:00 The Return of Dutch Rojas01:30 The Digital Revolution in Healthcare06:44 The Challenges of Electronic Medical Records10:13 Choosing the Right EHR: A Personal Journey15:42 The Impact of Regulations on EHR Usability20:07 The Future of Physician-Centric EHRs25:00 Lessons from the EMR Incentive Program31:34 The Challenges of EHR Systems41:08 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Medicine01:00:25 The Impact of DEI on Medical Education🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordshealthcare, MAID, patient autonomy, economic implications, GOP healthcare proposals, health savings accounts, dynamic pricing, Instacart, ethical dilemmas, healthcare systemsSummaryIn this episode, the hosts discuss pressing issues in healthcare, focusing on the Canadian MAID program, the implications of patient autonomy, economic factors influencing healthcare decisions, and the GOP's proposals for health savings accounts. They also explore the concept of dynamic pricing in healthcare, drawing parallels with Instacart's pricing strategies, and emphasize the need for transparency and patient empowerment in healthcare decisions.TakeawaysThe MAID program raises ethical concerns about patient autonomy and healthcare access.Economic pressures in healthcare can lead to troubling outcomes for patients.Dynamic pricing models in other industries may not translate well to healthcare.Health savings accounts could empower patients but require a transparent marketplace.The Canadian healthcare system faces significant supply constraints affecting patient care.The conversation highlights the need for a balance between cost and quality in healthcare.Patient experiences reveal the complexities of navigating healthcare systems.Legislative changes can significantly impact healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.The role of algorithms in pricing can lead to inequities in healthcare access.Transparency in healthcare pricing is essential for informed patient choices.TitlesNavigating the Complexities of Modern HealthcareThe Ethics of Assisted Dying: A Deep DiveChapters00:00 Introduction and Overview of Healthcare Challenges02:01 The Canadian MAID Program: A Case Study10:28 Ethical Implications of Assisted Dying15:41 Economic Considerations in Healthcare26:52 GOP Health Savings Account Proposal34:55 Philosophical and Political Objections to Healthcare Reform38:32 Building Capacity in Healthcare38:51 The Ring of Power: Central Planning in Healthcare41:43 The Subscription Model of Healthcare43:27 Government's Role in Healthcare Funding45:09 Health Savings Accounts and Market Dynamics46:03 Dynamic Pricing and Its Implications59:03 The Case of Continuous Glucose Monitors01:02:30 The Future of Pricing in Healthcare🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordshealthcare, primary care, ER, cost reduction, pharmacy reform, 340B program, healthcare access, bureaucratic reformSummaryThe conversation focuses on the need to shift healthcare from emergency rooms to primary care, emphasizing cost reduction and improved access through reforms in pharmacy practices and bureaucratic processes.TakeawaysShifting healthcare to primary care can reduce costs significantly.Mail order pharmacy can save money on prescriptions.Bureaucratic approval is crucial for healthcare reforms.Reforming the 340B program can enhance healthcare access.Reducing reliance on PBMs can lower healthcare costs.Encouraging primary care can lead to better health outcomes.Healthcare consumption needs to be more affordable.Innovative solutions can drive down healthcare expenses.Collaboration among stakeholders is essential for reform.A focus on preventative care can alleviate ER burdens.Sound bites"You save a ton of money on mail order pharmacy.""Get out of the PBMs, let's reform our 340B program.""Let's get people consuming healthcare at a much less."🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textKeywordshealthcare, Medicaid fraud, DEI, vaccine safety, Eli Lilly, ACA, healthcare policy, trust in medicine, social determinants of health, healthcare reformSummaryIn this episode, the hosts discuss various pressing issues in healthcare, including Medicaid fraud, the impact of fraud on legitimate healthcare needs, and the ongoing debate about healthcare as a human right. They also discuss the recent report by the FDA on children that may have died as a result of receiving the COVID vaccine, trust in vaccines, and Eli Lilly's move away from a traditional Pharmacy Benefit Manager. The conversation culminates in a discussion about the future of the ACA and necessary reforms in healthcare policy.TakeawaysMedicaid fraud is a significant issue with large-scale implications.Weaponizing empathy can hinder legitimate inquiries into healthcare fraud.The optimal amount of fraud in a system is not zero, as it may indicate necessary services are being provided.Healthcare is increasingly viewed through the lens of social determinants like housing and food security.Trust in vaccines is crucial, and transparency in data is necessary to maintain that trust.Eli Lilly's shift to direct-to-consumer models may reshape the pharmaceutical landscape.Direct-to-consumer healthcare models can increase access and reduce costs for patients.The ACA requires significant reforms to address rising healthcare costs and insurance company profits.Healthcare policy discussions must include physician voices to be effective.The debate over healthcare as a human right continues to evolve, with various perspectives on its implications. Sound bites"Medicaid is full of fraud.""Trust in medicine is eroding.""The ACA needs a major overhaul."Chapters00:00 Introduction to Healthcare Buzz00:51 Medicaid Fraud in Minnesota03:42 Weaponizing DEI in Healthcare07:12 The Complexity of Medicaid and Fraud09:57 Healthcare vs. Social Responsibility12:07 Empathy vs. Virtue Signaling in Healthcare15:58 FDA and Vaccine Concerns22:41 Trust in Vaccines and Public Health32:42 Eli Lilly's Shift in Pharmacy Strategy38:53 The Future of Patient Care and Market Dynamics42:13 Nutrition's Role in Health and Disease46:16 Economic Perspectives on Healthcare51:27 Proposals for Healthcare Reform57:21 The Debate on Insurance Models and Market Solutions🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textSummaryDr. Anahita Dua is a vascular surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital who joins Dutch Rojas, Anish Koka, and Anthony Digiorgio to discuss her views on women's health and cardiovascular disease, the need for a broader understanding of women's health issues beyond reproductive health, and the problems female physicians face in medicine. We discuss the challenges of research funding, the importance of gender-specific studies, and the need for a decentralized approach to research funding that balances government and industry involvement. TakeawaysCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in women.Maternal mortality rates are influenced by factors beyond reproductive health.Rheumatic fever is a significant cause of maternal mortality.Aortic aneurysms require gender-specific research for better outcomes.Research funding often excludes pregnant women and other marginalized groups.Government and industry funding should coexist to support diverse research.Decentralized funding can lead to more personalized healthcare solutions.Competition in research can drive innovation and efficiency.The current research enterprise is flawed and needs reform.Understanding indirect costs is crucial for effective research funding. HIPAA regulations were relaxed during COVID for telehealth.Firing nurses does not solve the underlying issues in healthcare.Healthcare institutions struggle with efficiency despite available technology.Financial accountability is lacking in major healthcare institutions.Innovators in medicine can drive significant change but face barriers.Women in medicine face a 'sticky floor' preventing progression to leadership roles.The healthcare system is perceived as broken and in need of reform.Political engagement is crucial for healthcare professionals to influence policy.Doctors often feel uncomfortable discussing financial matters related to their work.Support for healthcare candidates is essential for systemic changeChapters00:00 Introduction and Guest Introduction01:13 The Importance of Cardiovascular Health in Women's Health03:49 Rheumatic Fever and Maternal Mortality06:56 Aortic Aneurysms and Gender-Specific Research09:53 Challenges in Research Funding and Inclusion12:40 Balancing Government and Industry in Research16:21 The Need for Decentralized Research Funding19:11 The Role of Competition in Medical Research22:47 Corruption in the Research Enterprise25:04 Understanding Research Funding and Indirect Costs30:53 The Challenges of Healthcare Efficiency34:52 Funding and Financial Accountability in Healthcare39:04 The Role of Individual Innovators in Medicine41:56 Women in Medicine: Retention and Progression52:25 Political Engagement of Healthcare Professionals🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textSummaryIn this episode of the Doctors' Lounge, the hosts discuss a range of topics centered around healthcare, including personal experiences with medical procedures, the importance of trust in healthcare providers, the economics of office-based surgeries, and the role of insurance companies in driving up costs. They reflect on the need for a more patient-centered approach to healthcare and express gratitude for their personal and professional lives as they approach Thanksgiving.TakeawaysDr. Choi shares his experience with a screening colonoscopy, highlighting the importance of preventative medicine.The vulnerability felt by patients during medical procedures is a common experience, even for physicians.Private practice allows for a more fulfilling patient-physician relationship compared to hospital employment.Office-based surgeries (OBS) can significantly reduce costs and improve patient care efficiency.The current healthcare system incentivizes higher facility fees, which drives up overall costs.Direct care models can provide more affordable options for patients and reduce reliance on insurance.The importance of physician autonomy in providing quality care is emphasized.Thanksgiving reflections highlight gratitude for family, friends, and the opportunity to practice medicine in the U.S.The discussion touches on the need for systemic changes in healthcare to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs.The hosts express a desire for a more unified approach among physicians to advocate for their interests. Chapters00:00 Introduction and Special Announcement02:34 The Experience of a Colonoscopy05:14 The Vulnerability of Patients08:05 Understanding Office-Based Surgery (OBS)10:49 The Economics of Medical Procedures14:01 The Role of Health Systems and Insurance16:37 Challenges in the Healthcare System19:38 The Future of Office-Based Surgery24:50 The Impact of Cost on Physician Practices25:59 Disruptive Innovation in Healthcare30:03 Challenges of the Third-Party System31:36 Direct Care and Cost Transparency36:23 Walmart Health's Value-Based Care Program41:56 The Political Landscape of Healthcare Subsidies47:22 The Moral Dilemma in Physician Autonomy53:03 The Fragmentation of Political Power in Medicine55:53 The Role of Lobbying in Healthcare Policy58:45 Thankfulness and Reflections on Healthcare Practice👥 Co-Hosts:Dutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text 🎯 Why Listen:Dive into a heated discussion on the future of healthcare, where leading physicians debate the merits of free market principles versus centralized healthcare planning. Discover why the current system may be failing and what can be done to steer it in a better direction.👥 Co-Hosts:Dutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur📌 Episode Overview:This episode explores the contentious debate between free market healthcare and centralized planning. The co-hosts discuss the implications of current policies, the role of the AMA, and the potential for reform. They also touch on the influence of economists in shaping healthcare policy and the importance of maintaining competition in the healthcare market.💬 Notable Quotes:"The AMA is supposed to represent all physicians, but it often doesn't." – Dan Choi"Better healthcare should cost less." – Sanat Dixit"Let the market work. Don't just con." – Anish Koka📚What You’ll Learn:The impact of AMA policies on healthcare reform.The role of economists in healthcare policy.The benefits and drawbacks of free market healthcare.How subsidies affect healthcare costs and access.The importance of competition in improving healthcare quality.⏱ The Episode (Timestamps):[00:00] Introduction and Co-Hosts[05:30] AMA Meeting Insights[15:00] The Role of Economists in Healthcare[25:45] Free Market vs. Central Planning Debate[35:20] The Impact of Subsidies on Healthcare[45:00] Closing Thoughts and Future Directions🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text📌 Episode Overview:In this episode, the co-hosts dive into the complexities of healthcare policy, discussing the impact of ACA subsidies, the role of insurance companies, and the potential for HSAs to empower patients. They explore the challenges of healthcare costs, the influence of government subsidies, and the need for a competitive marketplace.👥 Co-Hosts:Anthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur💬 Notable Quotes:"Fund patients, not processes.""Coverage is not care.""We need to walk and chew gum at the same time."📚 What You’ll Learn:The implications of ACA subsidies on healthcare costs.How HSAs can be a game-changer for patient empowerment.The importance of competition in reducing healthcare costs.⏱ The Episode (Timestamps):[00:00] Introduction and co-hosts' insights[10:15] Discussion on ACA subsidies and healthcare costs[25:30] The role of HSAs in patient empowerment[40:45] The need for competition in healthcare[55:00] Closing thoughts and future outlook🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textShow Link: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00274Why Listen 👥In this episode, the hosts delve into the complexities of the healthcare system, discussing the impact of large hospital systems as major employers, the broken window fallacy in healthcare, and the challenges of high premiums. They explore the historical context of certificate of need laws and site of service differentials, and how these contribute to rising healthcare costs. The conversation also touches on the role of government intervention, the influence of large health systems, and the potential for free market solutions.Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorEpisode Overview 📌The episode covers the economic myths in healthcare, the influence of large health systems, and the potential for free market solutions. It also discusses the historical context of certificate of need laws and site of service differentials.Notable Quotes 💬"Healthcare systems as major employers can be problematic.""The broken window fallacy applies to healthcare economics.""High premiums are linked to market consolidation and subsidies."What You’ll Learn 📚The impact of large hospital systems as major employers.The role of certificate of need laws in healthcare costs.How site of service differentials affect healthcare pricing.The influence of government intervention in healthcare.Potential free market solutions to healthcare challenges.The Episode (Timestamps) ⏱00:00:00 Introduction to Healthcare Economics00:03:00 The Role of Hospital Systems00:09:00 Understanding High Premiums00:15:00 Certificate of Need Laws00:21:00 Site of Service Differentials00:27:00 Government Intervention in Healthcare00:33:00 Free Market Solutions🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a textWhy Listen 👥In this episode, the hosts delve into the complexities of healthcare costs, the impact of policy decisions, and the role of market forces in shaping the healthcare landscape. They discuss the consolidation of healthcare providers, the influence of insurance companies, and the challenges faced by independent practices. The conversation also touches on the COVID-19 pandemic, the response of public health officials, and the lessons learned from the crisis.Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceEpisode Overview 📌The episode explores the doubling of healthcare premiums since 2010, the consolidation of healthcare providers, and the significant market power held by insurance companies. The hosts discuss the challenges faced by independent practices and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health responses. They also highlight the potential of direct contracting in healthcare and scrutinize the role of pharmacy benefit managers.Notable Quotes 💬"Healthcare premiums have doubled since 2010.""Consolidation is driving up healthcare costs.""Insurance companies hold the power in healthcare.""Independent practices are struggling to survive.""COVID-19 exposed public health weaknesses."What You’ll Learn 📚The systemic issues leading to rising healthcare premiums.How consolidation affects healthcare costs and dynamics.The challenges faced by independent practices in a consolidated market.The role of natural and vaccine immunity in pandemic management.The potential of direct contracting to reduce healthcare costs.The Episode (Timestamps) ⏱00:00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview00:03:00 Healthcare Costs and Consolidation00:09:00 Insurance Companies and Market Power00:15:00 Independent Practices and Policy Challenges00:21:00 COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Response00:27:00 Lessons Learned and Future Directions🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text📌 Why ListenExplore the complexities of the 340B program, its impact on healthcare systems, and the implications for both hospitals and independent clinicians. Understand the need for transparency and potential reforms to align the program with its original goals.👥 Co-HostsAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentator📌 Episode OverviewIn this episode, the hosts delve into the complexities of the 340B program, exploring its origins, current state, and the implications for hospitals and independent clinicians. They discuss how the program, initially intended to support hospitals serving low-income patients, has evolved into a significant revenue stream for large health systems, often at the expense of independent practices and without clear benefits to the intended beneficiaries. The conversation also touches on potential reforms and the need for greater transparency and accountability.Episode Links https://www.healthaffairs.org/content/forefront/340b-drug-pricing-program-capped-safety-net-granthttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2821579💬 Notable Quotes"340B was created to help hospitals serving low-income patients.""The program has expanded to include 60,000 sites.""Hospitals can profit by reselling discounted drugs.""Independent clinicians face competitive disadvantages.""340B funds are not always used for patient care."📚 What You’ll LearnThe origins and current state of the 340B program.How hospitals leverage the program for revenue.The competitive disadvantages faced by independent clinicians.The lack of transparency in fund usage.Potential reforms to align the program with its original goals.⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00:00 Introduction to 340B00:03:00 The MRI Discussion00:09:00 340B Program Origins00:18:00 Current State of 340B00:27:00 Implications for Clinicians00:36:00 Calls for Reform🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenWhen Senator Chuck Schumer joined Dr. Mike’s podcast to discuss “The Truth About the Government Shutdown,” the talk quickly became a lesson in political spin. In this episode, the co-hosts of The Rojas Report dissect Schumer’s claims, challenge Dr. Mike’s deference, and unpack the policy mechanics behind Medicaid, ACA subsidies, and America’s trillion-dollar healthcare debate. Expect blunt analysis, sharp data, and unapologetic truth-telling about what’s really driving costs.👥 Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocateSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University📌 Episode OverviewThe team takes aim at Dr. Mike’s viral interview with Senator Schumer—an “objective” discussion packed with partisan narratives. They analyze the claim that 51,000 lives would be lost if ACA subsidies expire, break down Medicaid’s ballooning cost, and expose how CON laws and physician ownership bans stifle innovation.They reveal how so-called “cuts” usually mean slower spending growth, not reductions, and how government subsidies distort markets and drive dependency. From the flawed Yale study to the Medicaid surge, the hosts show how fear-based messaging distracts from the real issue: structural inefficiency and lost patient value.💬 Notable Quotes“This isn’t healthcare—it’s politics disguised as compassion.”“Schumer’s Law: when your only rebuttal is ‘you want people to die,’ you’ve lost.”“Physicians aren’t asking for permission to get rich. We’re asking for permission to build.”“Having an insurance card doesn’t mean you have care—it means you’ve been pacified.”📚 What You’ll LearnWhy the “51,000 deaths” claim collapses under scrutinyHow ACA subsidies and Medicaid expansion fuel inefficiencyThe economics of CON laws and physician ownership bansWhat’s driving the trillion-dollar Medicaid curveHow fear replaces facts in healthcare politicsWhy competition—not control—drives value⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00 – Opening & host reunion02:00 – The “51,000 deaths” narrative05:30 – ACA subsidy breakdown08:00 – Rising costs & access failures17:00 – Medicaid myths and market distortion21:00 – CON laws & physician freedom28:00 – The trillion-dollar Medicaid surge35:00 – Political spin & “you want people to die”44:00 – Government control vs. patient value47:00 – What real reform looks like🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenThis episode is a no-holds-barred takedown of how hospitals manipulate billing codes, exploit DRG loopholes, and increase patient risk—all while squeezing out independent physicians. Whether you’re a patient, policymaker, or healthcare insider, you’ll walk away questioning everything you thought you knew about how hospitals operate behind the scenes.👥 Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur📌 Episode OverviewThe doctors dissect the dysfunction in modern hospital billing and patient care—from the abuses of DRG (Diagnosis-Related Group) upcoding to the death of clinical nuance. You’ll hear how hospital administrators have replaced medical decision-making with spreadsheet logic, pushing sicker patients to outpatient settings and putting them at greater risk.From the financial shell game of “death to discharge” timing to how non-profit systems rake in billions while physicians are told to “be more efficient,” this conversation is a masterclass in healthcare grift. They also explore the breakdown of physician-hospital trust and how the corporatization of medicine is compromising care at every level.💬 Notable Quotes“Hospitals get paid the same if you do a craniotomy on a healthy 30-year-old or a 95-year-old in kidney failure.” – Anthony DiGiorgio“DRGs reward risk, not responsibility.” – Dan Choi“The ‘death to discharge’ metric is not clinical. It’s financial.” – Sanat Dixit“The whole system is designed to offload cost and blame—onto doctors.” – Anish Koka“We should not be giving up the power of admitting. That’s the control point of medicine.” – Dutch Rojas📚 What You’ll LearnHow DRG reimbursement leads to dangerous patient dischargesWhy hospitals push risky patients to outpatient careThe shocking flat-rate payment system for complex surgeriesHow hospital metrics hide bad outcomes while gaming revenueWhy physician autonomy is being eroded by administrationThe financial incentive for “just discharge” over “get well”How upcoding and quality metrics warp patient careWhy real reform must come from physicians—not bureaucrats⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00 – Intro & physician burnout03:45 – DRG basics and gaming the system08:20 – Death to discharge: a dangerous metric13:00 – Why outcomes don’t match the data17:40 – Hospital profit motives vs. clinical sense23:30 – Why hospitals don’t want to admit27:00 – The decline of physician-led decisions32:45 – Hospitalists, PAs, and revenue generation37:50 – Why quality metrics miss the point42:10 – The real impact on patients47:00 – Final thoughts: reform or revolution?🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenIn this fiery and insightful episode, the doctors dissect the political and economic fault lines behind the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the looming government shutdown, and the multi-billion-dollar subsidies keeping America’s healthcare afloat. From insurance distortions and Medicaid loopholes to why the system rewards bureaucracy over care, this is an unfiltered conversation that finally makes sense of why “affordable” healthcare isn’t affordable at all.👥 Co-HostsAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voice📌 Episode OverviewThe Doctors Lounge crew dives deep into how the ACA reshaped the U.S. insurance market—and why its subsidies, risk-pool manipulations, and Medicaid expansions are once again threatening a government shutdown. The conversation unpacks the math, morality, and market failures behind healthcare costs, from “catastrophic” plan bans to how illegal immigration and emergency Medicaid quietly reshape state budgets. The hosts also debate whether the cost-containment systems (like DRGs) ever truly worked—and whether healthcare’s inflation is an inevitable design flaw or a political choice.💬 Notable Quotes“The reason healthcare is so expensive is because you passed the Affordable Care Act.” – Dr. DiGiorgio“Subsidies don’t make plans cheaper—they just hide the real cost from consumers.” – Dr. DiGiorgio“We’re shutting down the government over 7% of people—how does that make sense?” – Dr. DiGiorgio“Hospitals are thriving because DRGs keep going up; physicians’ payments keep going down.” – Dr. Choi“I’m a fan of a safety net program for a safety net population—but it has to run lean.” – Dr. DiGiorgio📚 What You’ll LearnHow ACA subsidies artificially lower premiums but raise total system costsThe real distinction between ACA marketplace plans, Medicaid, and “emergency Medicaid” for undocumented immigrantsWhy healthcare cost control mechanisms like DRGs (Diagnosis-Related Groups) failed to contain spendingThe political tug-of-war between safety nets, subsidies, and moral hazardHow hospitals and insurers profit from inefficiency—and why patients pay the price⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00 – ACA subsidies, shutdown politics, and who’s to blame05:00 – The myth of “affordable” care: how mandates drove up premiums10:00 – Catastrophic plans vs. essential benefits: freedom or fairness?15:00 – How subsidies distort the market and reward inefficiency20:00 – Medicaid, undocumented care, and the “emergency reimbursement” loophole30:00 – State-level financing tricks and the hidden federal dollars behind them35:00 – Why hospitals profit under DRGs while physicians stagnate45:00 – The DRG vs. cost-plus debate: can healthcare costs ever be contained?50:00 – Insurer incentives, monopolies, and the myth of quality-based care55:00 – The unfixable math of “affordable” healthcare🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenThis episode of The Doctor’s Lounge cuts straight into one of the most polarizing questions in U.S. healthcare: Did the Affordable Care Act (ACA) fix the system—or hand it to corporate interests? The doctors debate how government mandates, corporate lobbying, and political theater have created a bloated insurance economy that benefits everyone but patients and doctors.👥 Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur📌 Episode OverviewThe doctors dissect how the ACA’s “essential health benefits” reshaped the insurance market—outlawing affordable catastrophic plans and driving premiums sky-high. From the Oregon RCT to RAND data, they reveal how mandated coverage hasn’t improved health outcomes but has fueled massive corporate profits. The group also connects the dots between nonprofit hospitals, political paralysis, and the healthcare bubble that could rival the 2008 financial crisis.They ask the hard questions:Why do politicians fight over “coverage” while ignoring the cost of care?Is America heading toward single payer—or collapse?Can innovation, transparency, and cash-based models save us from our own system?💬 Notable Quotes“Coverage is not care.” – Dr. Anish Koka“If I don’t change my tires, I risk an accident—but that doesn’t mean auto insurance should pay for tire changes.” – Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio“The number one problem in the U.S. isn’t debt—it’s premiums. Congress could fix that tomorrow.” – Dutch Rojas“Hospitals were once charities. Now they own 6% of major cities.” – Dr. Dan Choi📚 What You’ll LearnHow ACA mandates distorted the insurance marketplaceWhy nonprofit hospitals are “too big to care”The difference between coverage and care—and why the public confuses themHow regulatory gridlock blocks innovation in healthcare deliveryThe real economics of “float” and why insurance giants love the status quoWhat happens when the healthcare bubble finally pops⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00 – Why tire changes and colonoscopies shouldn’t both be “insurance”02:00 – Dr. Choi on ACA subsidies and the outlawing of catastrophic plans06:00 – Essential health benefits: paternalism or policy failure?09:00 – The illusion of coverage vs. the cost of care12:00 – The business of “float” and how insurance companies built empires15:00 – The $34 trillion industry and why catastrophic plans could end it20:00 – Politicians, ignorance, and the illusion of reform27:00 – Nonprofit hospitals: charity or corporate real estate giants?35:00 – Americans waking up to the healthcare paradox43:00 – The bubble nobody talks about: premiums and power49:00 – The rise of DPC🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenWhat happens when private equity buys hospitals? Do staffing cuts and profit motives compromise patient safety? This episode of The Doctor’s Lounge dives into the controversial world of private equity in healthcare, the role of RVUs and the RUC, and why physicians are losing control over their profession. Expect an unfiltered discussion on power, profit, and the future of independent practice.👥 Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur📌 Episode OverviewThis conversation unpacks:The hidden mechanics of RVUs and the RUC committee (and why most doctors don’t know how their pay is set).How private equity staffing cuts may be tied to increased ER deaths.Why physicians are forced to “take shelter” with private equity or large health systems.The structural inequities in U.S. healthcare that tilt the system against independent doctors.The hope found in physician-owned hospitals and physician-led enterprises.💬 Notable Quotes“Just because you have a higher RVU count does not mean you’re a better physician.” – Dr. Dan Choi “The real problem isn’t that the RUC exists—it’s that CMS has built an entire system on centrally planned values.” – Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio “When private equity is the boss, the boss isn’t a physician—it’s a portfolio manager.” – Dr. Dan Choi “We went from 75% independent practice to 12%. That’s the legacy of partnerships that never built enterprise value.” – Dutch Rojas “You don’t need to import H1Bs or expand scope. You need to let physicians own hospitals in their own communities.” – Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio 📚 What You’ll LearnHow RVUs and the RUC committee determine physician pay.The risks and trade-offs when hospitals are acquired by private equity.Why many “boomer doctors” cashed out, leaving younger physicians holding the bag.The differences between profit-driven care and physician-led models.Why physician-owned hospitals may be a solution to America’s healthcare crisis.⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)00:00 – The growing demand for private practice02:00 – Private equity: efficiency or exploitation?06:00 – Explaining RVUs and the RUC committee15:00 – Gaming the RVU system & compensation models20:00 – Myths and realities of the RUC process22:00 – Harvard study: private equity, staffing cuts & ER deaths27:00 – Physicians vs. portfolio managers: who should run healthcare?33:00 – Selling out: boomer doctors and the PE cash-out37:00 – From 75% independent practice to just 12%39:00 – Physician-owned hospitals as a solution43:00 – Can capitalism coexist with morality in medicine?50:00 – What happens if private equity is banned?52:00 – The federated model and the fight 🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenEver wonder who actually decides how much doctors earn for surgeries, visits, or procedures? This episode takes you inside the mysterious but powerful Relative Value Scale Update Committee (RUC) — the body that determines physician payments for Medicare and beyond. If you care about fairness in healthcare, innovation, or why a complex surgery can pay the same as a routine one, this conversation is for you.👥 Co-HostsDutch Rojas – Founder, Bliksem HealthAnthony DiGiorgio, DO, MHA – Neurosurgeon, UCSF; health policy researcherAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentatorDan Choi, MD, FAAOS – Orthopedic spine surgeon, Long Island; healthcare advocate and social media voiceSanat Dixit, MD, FACS – Neurosurgeon, Huntsville, AL; Faculty, Vanderbilt University; healthcare entrepreneur📌 Episode OverviewIn this special “Side Table” edition, the Doctors Lounge digs into the RVU Update Committee (RUC) — the physician-led but AMA-controlled group that sets values for CPT codes, essentially determining how doctors get paid. The hosts explore:How the RUC works and who sits on itWhy budget neutrality forces specialties to fight for valueThe unintended consequences of central planning, including stifling innovationThe fairness debate between primary care and high-intensity procedural specialtiesWhy physicians themselves are both defenders and critics of the system💬 Notable Quotes“The RUC is essentially central planning — every doctor gets paid the same for the same code, no matter the experience.”“Becoming better at your procedure can actually punish you — the faster and safer you get, the less you’re paid.”“It’s a system that preserves order, but at the expense of innovation and sometimes fairness.”📚 What You’ll LearnWhat the RUC is and how it shapes U.S. physician paymentThe mechanics of how CPT codes are valuedWhy Medicare’s budget neutrality keeps physician fees locked in zero-sum battlesHow new technologies like robotics and advanced ablation are undervaluedWhy primary care vs. specialty debates rarely get settled at the RUC tableThe pros and cons of a physician-run payment-setting system⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)[00:00] What is the RUC and why it matters[02:00] The history: from “reasonable and customary” to RVUs[05:00] Who sits on the RUC and how they’re chosen[07:00] Central planning vs. innovation — robotic surgery as a case study[10:00] How physician surveys shape payment values[15:00] Specialty vs. primary care debates[20:00] Why new procedures often get undervalued[23:00] Should the RUC be reformed… or blown up?🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X

Send us a text🎯 Why ListenJournalist Ben Ryan joins the panel to unpack what really happened during the 2022 monkeypox outbreak, how public health messaging shaped public perception, and why institutions like the CDC are facing a crisis of trust. With decades of experience covering HIV and infectious disease, Ryan shares his perspective on risk communication, stigma, and the politics that shaped pandemic response.👥 HostAnish Koka, MD – Cardiologist, Philadelphia; healthcare policy commentator⭐ Special GuestBen Ryan – Independent journalist; writer for The New York Times, Washington Post, NBC News, New York Post; author of the Substack Hazard RatioWebsite: benryan.netSubstack: benryan.substack.comX/Twitter: @benryanwriter📌 Episode OverviewThis episode dives into the monkeypox epidemic and the lessons it offers about public health credibility. Ben Ryan, whose reporting has appeared in leading national outlets, explains why he immediately recognized the outbreak as one concentrated within the gay community—and why public officials failed to say so clearly. The discussion covers stigma, vaccine rollout, behavior change, institutional groupthink, and what the CDC’s politicization means for future outbreaks.💬 Notable Quotes“Children were more likely to be struck by lightning than to get monkeypox.” – Ben Ryan“The CDC prioritized not hurting feelings over delivering clear, direct health information.” – Ben Ryan“Public trust is lost when officials carve out exceptions for ideology while ignoring obvious risk patterns.” – Ben Ryan📚 What You’ll LearnWhy monkeypox spread primarily among gay men and what the data showed in real timeHow fear of stigma influenced CDC messaging—and its unintended consequencesThe role of behavior change vs. vaccination in halting the outbreakWhy politicization and groupthink are eroding trust in public health institutionsWhat lessons from HIV and COVID-19 should have informed monkeypox response⏱ The Episode (Timestamps)[00:00] Why monkeypox caught Ben Ryan’s attention[02:00] Introduction to Ben Ryan’s reporting background[03:30] CDC departures and politicization[05:00] Stigma vs. direct communication in outbreak messaging[07:30] Misleading slogans and their public impact[10:00] Inside the CDC’s vaccine rollout strategy[13:00] Groupthink and public health language shifts[15:00] The clash between activism, stigma, and behavior change[18:00] How the LGBT community actually responded[20:00] Natural immunity, vaccine uptake, and why the outbreak ended[22:00] What future outbreaks may look like and lessons for public health🔗 Connect with the Hosts: • Dutch Rojas on X • Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio on X • Dr. Anish Koka on X • Dr. Dan Choi on X • Dr. Sanat Dixit on X