The Craic with Petesy Carroll

Rhys McKee returned to The Craic to discuss his March 30th date with seasoned veteran Chidi Njokuani who returns to welterweight for the first time since 2016 when they meet in Atlantic City. McKee shares his feelings on becoming father, the Irish contingent that are said to be arriving in Atlantic City to support him and Caolan Loughran and the tragic injury of teammate Ryan “Chaos” Curtis. For more information on Ryan and to contribute to his GoFundMe, please click the link: https://www.gofundme.com/f/9d4bc-treatment

During the pandemic, Jack Cartwright was bantamweight champion of Cage Warriors and considered one of the best prospects in European MMA. After a forgettable DQ win over Sylwester Miller, the word was that the Manchester native would be given an opportunity on Contender Series to prove he was UFC calibre. The opportunity came a whopping seventeen months after the Miller fight, with Cartwright coming out of it on the wrong end of a decision to Jose Johnson. In November 2023, Cartwright made a massive statement in his Oktagon debut, setting up a clash with former divisional champion Jonas Magard, which takes pride of place in Newcastle this Saturday night for Oktagon 52. Cartwright joins The Craic for the first time to discuss being CW champion, the Contender Series loss, Jonas Magard and his future with Oktagon.

Caolan Loughran was dealt an almighty swich-a-roo in his UFC debut last September in Paris which resulted in his first professional defeat. Now, booked for his sophomore outing against Angel Pacheco in Atlantic City on March 30, he has ventured to Arizona for a three-week training camp at Fight Ready, the stomping ground of UFC champions like Henry Cejudo and Deiveson Figueiredo. The Tyrone man discussed his time in Arizona, being motivated by his first loss, stealing the show in Arizona and much more. Irish flyweight Ryan Curtis suffered a career-ending injury and needs your help. Read his story and donate if you can: https://www.gofundme.com/f/9d4bc-treatment

After their lofty aspirations for the proposed UFC Manchester in July, Petesy Carroll welcomed back U.K. journalist Chisanga Malata so they could walk back their hopes of joint headline event with Leon Edwards and Tom Aspinall at the top of the bill. Following the devastating news of Irish flyweight Ryan Curtis suffering a career-ending injury last week, Petesy recalls covering the Dubliner’s career and gives an overview of the situation he is now facing. He also describes how the Irish MMA community have rallied around Curtis due to his close friend Leah McCourt going public with the information on Saturday. To read more about the situation or to help out with a donation, please click the link below. https://www.gofundme.com/f/9d4bc-treatment

Six months ago, it felt like a UFC Dublin event in 2024 was bound to happen. Now, at the turn of the year, it seems highly unlikely that the UFC will return to mark the tenth anniversary of the historic 2014 show which marked the emergence of Conor McGregor as a household name and the greater Irish Invasion for the promotion. Petesy is joined by Irish media stalwarts Donagh Corby and Andy Stevenson to discuss the likelihood of UFC returning this year, the importance of Ian Garry’s next fight and the return of Conor McGregor.

Ahead of his meeting with Tyson Fury, the boxing world ridiculed Francis Ngannou’s involvement in what they believed was a “gimmick” fight. Now, with the Anthony Joshua clash booked, Gavan Casey of the42.ie returns to discuss how Ngannou’s knockdown of Fury changed everything and how he could become number one contender to the heavyweight title with a win over AJ. Casey also discusses why boxing people have embraced Ngannou and gives his take on Saudi’s involvement in boxing, how it’s become commonplace for events to take place there and how the muted atmosphere of the events could effect the legacy of the bouts that take place in the region.

Following Leon Edwards’ successful title defence against Colby Covington, Petesy is joined by one of the best in the business, Chisanga Malata, who was at T-Mobile Arena to cover UFC 296 on Saturday night. Chisanga relives shocking remarks made at both UFC press conferences during the week, gives his take on UFC Manchester speculation and how impressed he was by defending UFC champion Leon Edwards.

Petesy is joined by UFC welterweight champion Leon Edwards ahead of his UFC 296 clash with Colby Covington. “Rocky” discusses life as a champion, Colby Covington’s last chance at UFC gold, Donald Trump hoping he loses, Ian Garry and the rumoured UFC Manchester card. Petesy gives his take on the UFC Manchester rumours, talk quietening down on UFC Dublin and the highly anticipated UFC 296 press conference on Thursday.

Petesy Carroll is joined by Donagh Corby, Andy Stevenson and Dylan Tuke at 3 Arena to discuss PFL's inaugural Dublin event. Corby and Stevenson give their highlights of the night and Tuke talks his successful return to his hometown and being one of the big takeaways from the event. Petesy explains why the rest of the scene, outside of SBG, feel like PFL has become "The SBG Show" and how that may effect the promotion's growth in Ireland.

Ian Machado Garry and his wife/manager, Layla Anna Lee, have been the subject of a social media circus since mid-November. Despite their personal life being put under the microscope by sects of the MMA fanbase, Petesy and the king of Irish MMA media, Severe MMA’s Andy Stevenson, discuss whether the online noise could have an impact on his upcoming fight with Vicente Luque, and Garry’s career beyond UFC 296.

Petesy has been catching a lot of flack for being “negative” about PFL Dublin, so to toast the promotion’s arrival on the Emerald Isle, Petesy is joined by the king of Irish MMA media, Severe MMA’s Andy Stevenson, to discuss what they’re most excited about regarding the 3 Arena event. The lads discuss a new Finglas hero, Dylan back in Dublin, life changing money on the line for tournament winners, McGrillen magic and much more as they look toward the final leg of PFL Europe.

When Bellator entered the Irish market in 2016, MMA was in a boom period on the back of Conor McGregor’s success in the UFC, which helped the promotion attract the attention of casual sports fans to its 3 Arena events. With PFL set to enter the Irish market next week, sentiment for MMA in the country is relatively low with Conor McGregor - the main frame of reference for most Irish people when it comes to the sport - reportedly being investigated for incitement to violence regarding last Thursday’s Dublin riots. Petesy also gives his take on the PFL Dublin card and the Ian Machado Garry drama.

Two days after the tragedy that became the catalyst Dublin riots on Thursday, the atmosphere around Katie Taylor’s second headline clash with Chantelle Cameron felt a bit flat. Yet, when all was said and done, the iconic Irish fighter put a smile back on the nation’s face with a spell-binding performance at 3 Arena. Leading Irish boxing journalist Gavan Casey of The 42 returns to The Craic to give his thoughts on how the riots became a subplot to the event, Taylor’s ability to produce an immense moment of pride for the Irish despite the calamitous scenes two days before and if her wish to have a trilogy fight at Croke Park could come to fruition.

After his epic promo ahead of their first meeting, legendary Irish journalist Philip O’Connor returns to The Craic to share his feelings on the rematch between Chantelle Cameron and Katie Taylor at Dublin’s 3 Arena on Saturday night. O’Connor underlines his belief that Taylor’s homecoming has been mismanaged, how he believes she is rightfully the underdog this time around, how this could be the last time we see the Queen of Boxing compete and ponders whether a win over Cameron would be the biggest victory of her storied career.

Petesy is joined by fighter/wrestler/actor/podcaster/explorer Chris Bungard ahead of his highly anticipated clash with Perry Goodwin at at the near-sold-out Cage Warriors 164 event, which takes place on Saturday in Newcastle. Bungard discusses his camp in Las Vegas alongside fellow Leather’d hosts Paul Craig and Ross Cooper, how he feels fighting a week after Craig suffered defeat, taking edibles at Bill Burr and flying to Boston on his rest day. Bungard also maps out his MMA career for the next two years and underlines his hopes that finishing Goodwin will give him a prime location on a Cage Warriors Scotland card. He also tries to underline what he will do beyond his fighting career, given his many interests outside of the game, indicating that he may even pursue becoming Marc Goddard’s refereeing protege. Also on the show, Petesy looks forward to a big announcement from Donn Davis on The MMA Hour’s Monday show.

Following on from a massive night for U.K. MMA in New York with Tom Aspinall clinching heavyweight gold, Paul Craig becomes the first Scot to headline a UFC card when he faces Brendan Allen in his second fight at middleweight. Craig gives insight on the confidence he’s gained from seeing his training partner crowned champion at Madison Square Garden and endorses the growing hopes for U.K. stadium show in 2024. Also on the show, Petesy gives his take on the latest in the Leon Edwards/Ian Garry saga.

A stadium show in the summer of 2024 in the U.K. could give MMA a bigger spotlight than it’s ever had in the U.K. and Ireland, and with both Tom Aspinall and Leon Edwards currently holding titles, there is no better time to do it for the UFC. Legendary Craic campaigner and a frontrunner for U.K. combat sports media, Chisanga Malata, returns to the show to give us his take on Aspinall’s career defining victory over Sergei Pavlovich, what’s next for the Wigan Warrior and what the implications of having a U.K. stadium show could be at this point.

What was the first thing U.K. martial-arts O.G. Andy Aspinall taught his son when he began to teach him self defence? Do. Not. Get. Hit. The childhood teachings of his father will ring truer than ever on Saturday night at Madison Square Garden when the golden boy of English MMA takes on the thunderous stopping power of Sergei Pavlovich for the interim heavyweight title. The man who taught Aspinall everything he knows, his father Andy Aspinall, returns to The Craic to talk short notice shots at destiny, New York City, how to fight Pavlovich and much more.

Petesy Carroll is joined by journalist John S. Nash who has been at the forefront of the reportage of a class action lawsuit in which over 1200 fighters are suing Zuffa for billions of dollars in wages. Last week, the ninth circuit court of appeals denied Zuffa’s request to appeal the lawsuit, which means there is one less hurdle for the class action to go to trial on April 8. Nash sheds light on the impact the lawsuit has already had on how the UFC do business and how a successful trial for the plaintiffs could result in even greater changes to the promotion. Find John S. Nash (@heynottheface) on Twitter.

Joining The Craic today is Alex Pattle of the Independent, who broke the news that Ian Garry has been asked not to return to the home of the UFC welterweight champion, Leon Edwards. Pattle discusses conducting the interview with Garry, how he thinks the Irish welterweight feels about the situation and ponders whether it’s all that shocking considering the two men are in the same division and Garry is already booked to fight a former teammate in Vicente Luque. Petesy questions what the public perception of the news will be considering this is the second gym that have asked Garry not to return to following Team KF cutting ties with the Dubliner before his Cage Warriors title fight with Jack Grant.

MMA Junkie’s Mike Bohn returns to The Craic to give his first hand account of covering Tyson Fury vs. Francis Ngannou in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. What was it like to see Fury hit the canvas in the third? How did the boxing media react to the fight? Is Francis Ngannou the most valuable commodity in combat sports today and did the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia get what they wanted from the gargantuan event?

Joining the show from Saudi Arabia, MMA media stalwart Mike Bohn of MMA Junkie gives his take on all things Tyson Fury vs. Francis Ngannou. How does Saudi Arabia compare to Las Vegas as a location? Is Ngannou too happy to be there? Does Tyson Fury REALLY think they both have a 50/50 chance and what impact could a quick knockout loss have on Ngannou’s career? Also on the show, Petesy reacts for the PFL’s Dublin card announcement and the shock news of Tom Aspinall vs. Sergey Pavlovich being announced as an interim heavyweight title fight after Jon Jones was forced from the card.

Fighting legend Owen Colgan joins The Craic to give his take on one of the biggest crossover boxing bouts in history, Tyson Fury vs. Francis Ngannou. Known for his fighting prowess across the Emerald Isle, Colgan discusses how Ngannou must work Tyson like Ryu used to work a stationary car in Street Fighter and sheds light on how Ngannou must change up his jab to have success in the contest.Colgan also reveals how motivating people has become his new passion, before calling out several people including every member of the Paul family.

One of the biggest prospects on the UFC roster, undefeated flyweight and multiple time amateur world champion, Muhammad Mokaev joins the Craic.Mo gives us the lowdown on his UFC 294 clash with Tim Elliott, plots his route to breaking Jones’ record of being the youngest ever UFC champion and sheds light on why he feels Manel Kape is ducking him.

Last week we asked if Cage Warriors Dublin and The Prime Card mattered. Today, The Craic is please to announce that the first winner of the Great Debate, Andy Stevenson, and his adversary Donagh Corby are back. Today we ask, did the events deliver? Andy Stevenson gives his take on Paul Hughes’ debut at 155 and whether his first round finish will be enough to secure his UFC spot. He also discusses whether the event delivered and how he thinks will headline a CW card should they return to Ireland. Donagh Corby debates whether there is a controversy in the scoring of KSI vs. Tommy Fury and gives his take Dillon Danis’ poor showing and where Misfits go from here.

There are two huge events attracting the attention of combat sports fans in Europe this weekend, Cage Warriors Dublin, and what Donagh Corby has dubbed as “The Wrestlemania of Influencer Boxing”, The Prime Card featuring KSI vs. Tommy Fury and Dillon Danis vs. Logan Paul. Petesy drafted in the experts in their respective fields to engage in a high school debate of sorts. Andy Stevenson, the king of Irish MMA media representing Cage Warriors Dublin, and Corby, the king of influencer boxing media, representing the Prime Card.To vote for your winner, check out Petesy’s socials are cast your vote on Thursday.

All the talk ahead of Bellator 299 in Dublin was that undefeated Irish prospect, Ciaran Clarke, would be a free agent beyond the 3 Arena date. Despite talks of UFC and PFL interest, Clarke confirms on this episode of The Craic that he has re-signed for 18 months with Bellator despite the rumours of their fast-approaching sale. The 8-0 submission specialist underlined why he wanted to re-sign with Bellator, what a potential sale of the company could mean for him further down the line and much more. Clarke also discusses his passionate fan base, his faith and his relationship with SBG head coach John Kavanagh.

Vicente Luque will undoubtedly give Ian Machado Garry the toughest test of his professional career when the former Kill Cliff training partners face off in a battle of ranked welterweights at UFC 296. Luque discusses his for Ireland and how he drove three kilometres around the country when he came here for his honeymoon. Famed for his violent fighting style, he also shed light on how good it felt to return to the win column with a win over Rafael Dos Anjos following a brain bleed he suffered in his clash with Geoff Neal. Luque also shares his thoughts on Garry as a person and a fighter, and explains why the Dubliner owes him a Guinness stew following their clash on Dec. 16

After last week’s solo show lamenting on what could be the last Bellator Dublin event, Petesy goes solo again to talk about his enthusiasm for the European scene following stellar showcases from both Cage Warriors and PFL Europe over the weekend. Petesy gives his take on a potential fight of the year between Luke Riley and Alexander Lööf and praises Cage Warriors for regenerating a couple of new featherweight contenders with Riley and Hendin. As well as that, he underlines how valuable Cedric Doumbé is for PFL Europe on the back of spectacular debut which drew the attendance of football superstar, Kylian Mbappé.

Everyone on the Irish MMA scene has no idea why Cage Warriors featherweight champion Paul Hughes hasn’t been signed to the UFC. In November ’22, fresh off back-to-back wins over Morgan Charriere and Jordan Vucenic, it seemed like his signing was all but a formality. Yet, ten months later, his lightweight debut has been announced as the main event for Cage Warriors 161 in Dublin’s RDS on October 14th. Hughes joins The Craic to talk about the copious rumours of his signings, conspiracies about why he hasn’t been signed, the late announcement of his next bout and why he has decided to move up to 155 for his meeting with surging Belgian Yan Quaeyhaegens for the highly anticipated Dublin event.

Petesy goes solo on this episode to speak about what appears to be the final Bellator Dublin event. Fresh off his vacation, our fearless host presented Montirex: Live in Dublin on Friday night with special guests Leon Edwards, Brendan Loughnane, Mick Conlan and Belters Only. Petesy speaks about the experience and his interactions with the fighters. He also gives his thoughts on Saturday night’s Bellator 299 event and the legacy Bellator has imprinted on the Irish scene? What should promotions learn from Bellator’s time here and why they shouldn’t rely so heavily on one gym as Bellator did with John Kavanagh’s SBG.

Fabian Edwards returns to The Craic ahead of the biggest fight of his life as he challenges undefeated Johnny Eblen for his middleweight crown at Dublin’s 3 Arena in the main event of Bellator 299. Edwards discusses the road to the title, how he turned his life around, the fact that many people consider Johnny Eblen to be the greatest middleweight on planet earth right now and whether a win on Saturday night will cement the Edwards brothers as the greatest siblings in the history of MMA.

U.K. MMA legend and former UFC welterweight title challenger joins Petesy to talk about PFL Europe 3 in Paris on September 30 and gives insights on the success of the Newcastle and Berlin events earlier this year. Hardy discusses his excitement ahead of the debuts of kickboxing royalty Cédric Doumbé, one of the best fighters outside of the UFC, “The Lazy King”, Abdoul Abdouraguimov, as well as looking forward to the trio of Irish fighters on the card - Frans Mlambo, Dylan Tuke and John Mitchell. “The Outlaw” also shares his ambition to increase the PFL Europe calendar to twelve events per year and explains why he felt it was necessary for EMMAA to part ways with IMMAF in its quest for government regulation.

Petesy speaks to the main man on the scene for Irish MMA, Severe MMA and The Auld Triangle’s Andy Stevenson, about his lofty expectations for UFC Dublin and whether they need to be lowered. The lads discuss the negativity online with regard to Irish MMA, when they would like to see the UFC come back and whether they believe the new Irish charges can bounce back from their debut losses. They also consider whether Ian Machado Garry, the most elite fighter hailing from the island who the forecasted UFC Dublin event will be heavily reliant on, should embrace the role as head cheerleader like McGregor did in 2014, and continues to do today.

On this week’s show, UFC bantamweight champion Sean O’Malley joins The Craic to talk his super star making moment in Boston at UFC 292, how he’s gifting Marlon Vera a title shot and his wish to fight in Ireland. O’Malley also gives his take on Ian Garry’s comments about putting the UFC 292 card on his back and wether he believes the Irishman has the ability to become a superstar. O’Malley also underlines his intentions of wanting to fight in Ireland and how he may have become to famous to ever co-headline a card with Conor McGregor. Also on the show, Petesy gives his take on Irish fighters recent run of form in the UFC following Kiefer Crosbie’s loss in his promotional debut at UFC 293.

The king of the U.K. main event, Tom Aspinall, returns to The Craic to give his take on Ciryl Gane no selling a fight with him following the UFC Paris main event. The Wigan man reveals how he ended up on the beer with the French heavyweight following the event and gives his take on Jon Jones’ recent comments reflecting on the two facing off for the title one day.

The man leading the line for Scottish MMA, Paul Craig, returns to The Craic to discuss his upcoming bout with Brendan Allen. Craig discusses how he has changed his mindset having previously suffered with imposter syndrome and sheds light on the camp he is about to embark on with Chris Bungard and - pending approval - Ross Cooper in Las Vegas. The Scottish middleweight gives his take on life in a new weight class, the success of his Leather'd podcast and how he hopes a win over Allen forces the UFC to book an event in Glasgow, which was the scene of a loss to Khalil Rountree back in 2017 for “Bearjew”.

When Caolan Loughran joined The Craic earlier this week, he had no idea his original opponent Yanis Ghemmouri would withdraw from their bantamweight clash only to replaced by one of the most experienced fighters in France, Taylor Lapilus. That said, the former Cage Warriors bantamweight champion is brimming with confidence as he took aim at all things French MMA, Sean O’Malley and Chito Vera. Could his debut at UFC Paris be the first step to him becoming the new frontrunner in Irish MMA? “The Don” certainly thinks so. Loughran also discusses advice he’s been given from legendary U.K. coach Colin Heron, why he thinks French MMA is inferior and how exciting it is to be in a division that’s championed by O’Malley.

Rhys McKee returns to The Craic on the week of his return to the Octagon, which takes place this weekend at UFC Paris. McKee talked about staying relaxed ahead of the pivotal fight, how different it feels now as opposed to his last stint with the UFC when he was given two horrific back to back match-ups with Khamzat Chimaev and Alex Morono and how he feels about being the underdog for his clash with Ange Loosa. “Skeletor” also shares how beneficial his main event slots with Cage Warriors were on the road back to the UFC and acknowledges that this is his last chance with the UFC.

Fresh off his scintillating performance in Boston, Ian Machado Garry rejoins The Craic to discuss seeing UFC Dublin into existence. The Malahide man discusses his epic beating of Neil Magny and acknowledged that he wanted to humiliate the veteran during their fight following his pre-fight amble. Garry also gave his take on potential matchups with Stephen “Wonderboy” Thompson, Colby Convington and Khamzat Chimaev.

After reporting from Boston for UFC 292, Donagh Corby joins the show to give his take on all the thrills and spills at the TD Garden. Is Sean O’Malley the biggest star on the UFC’s books? Did Ian Garry win more fans or haters through his virtuoso performance against Neil Magny and is Dillon Danis suddenly liked in the world of combat sports?

Ahead of his massive clash with Neil Magny at UFC 292, Ian Machado Garry returns to The Craic to chat what’s at stake at Boston’s TD Garden.Garry recalls his recent trip to Brazil and travelling with his young son Leo across the globe. He gives his take on the social media clip that he posted of a sparring injury Chris Curtis sustained that ultimately forced him to withdraw from his upcoming fight. As well as that, Garry underlines his intent to bring the UFC back to Dublin and explains how it feels to be leading the line for the Irish MMA scene, the role which once belonged to his hero Conor McGregor.

Ahead of his fight at MSG this weekend, surging PFL featherweight Nate Kelly joins The Craic.Kelly discusses how early setbacks didn’t define his career, sparring with Conor McGregor and his plans with the PFL beyond his clash with Damion Nelson

One of the the greatest featherweights in the world, Arnold Allen, joins The Craic for a signature conversation that hits on a multitude of topics including cats, Canadian sandwiches and Terrence Crawford. “Almighty” also revealed that his continued battles with injuries has begun to take its mental toll as he looks to get into the condition to return following his last outing with Max Holloway.

“The Don” Caolan Loughran joins the show ahead of his debut at UFC Paris. The UFC bantamweight discuss his signing, how he felt guilty initially due to Paul Hughes remaining unsigned by the UFC, his aspirations to fight on a December PPV alongside Conor McGregor and what he expects from his UFC debut. Loughran gave insights on his entering the USADA testing pool, his gratitude to legendary U.K. coach Colin Heron and the long list of fighters who have earned his social media ire.

With much speculation surrounding the UFC’s return to Dublin, Irish MMA legend Chris Fields, former Cage Warriors champion and head coach of Team KF, joins the show to discuss his hopes for his fighters to earn spots on the prospective card. Fields discusses the glory days of 2014 and beyond, gives an idea of how many of his fighters could be in he mix for UFC contracts, his split with Ian Garry and whether his old team SBG will have a similar presence on a UFC Ireland bill as they previously commanded.

Jake Paul’s adventure into the world of boxing has largely become an MMA story due to the opponents he is facing. He takes on his most iconic foe to date this Saturday in Texas when he clashes with the legendary Stockton native, Nate Diaz, but does the world of boxing care about this fight? Ireland’s best boxing journalist, Gavan Casey of the The42.ie, joins Petesy to discuss how the fight is being received by the boxing masses and whether Paul will leave behind a meaningful legacy in the sport. Also on the show, Petesy gives his thoughts on Cage Warriors 158 from Rome.

On the latest episode of The Craic, Petesy is joined by Rhys McKee who recently became the first Irishman to ever be re-signed by the UFC. McKee shares his feelings on the doubt that surrounded him getting a second stint with the promotion and looks forward to his return bout against Ange Loosa at UFC Paris. The former Cage Warriors and BAMMA champion discusses representing Irish MMA alongside Caolan Loughran in the French capital and sends messages to fellow Irish MMA charges Paul Hughes, who is currently awaiting his call up to the big dance, and Shauna Bannon, who recently suffered a loss in her UFC debut.

On the back of a massive weekend of MMA in the English capital, Petesy speaks to U.K. media OG Chisanga Malata of SunSport to get his take after attending Aspinall vs. Tybura at the historic O2 Arena. The lads discuss Tom Aspinall’s amazing main event, Paul Craig's debut at middleweight, the possibility of Nathaniel Wood vs. Lerone Murphy, the negativity towards Molly McCann after her loss, the drop in attendance and why UFC should look at different location outside of London moving forward. Also on the show, Petesy gives his take on Cage Warriors 157, Shauna Bannon’s UFC debut and Caolan Loughran being handed his first Octagon outing.

On the week of her UFC debut, Shauna Bannon shares her excitement about her first trip to the Octagon. The Holohan Martial Arts product gives insight into how motherhood has proved to be one of the great motivations for her fighting career and details how much planning goes into her day-to-day schedule because of her responsibilities to her son, Jayce. Bannon discusses training alongside U.K. MMA fan favourite Molly McCann, who competes in the co-main event of UFC London. She also underlines her enthusiasm with the growing number of Irish fighters in the UFC on the back of Rhys McKee re-signing with the promotion.