Sustainable Winegrowing

Greg Pennyroyal of Wilson Creek Winery and Vineyards was looking for soil moisture systems and found that the products available in the market were all expensive, proprietary systems that did not meet the needs of small block Temecula vineyards. He partnered with Reinier van der Lee, CEO of Vinduino, to reverse engineer the technology to develop a product that would give the same results for a fraction of the cost. They have expanded this project over the last five years to collect more and more data that can improve irrigation decisions. Today, they can connect the dots between SAP analysis and soil analysis and continue to add more variables. Over collecting data now will allow them to see what things are most actionable so they can develop a system that is economical and implementable for all blocks. Because there is more to irrigation than how much water is put on, the next phases of research will look at how water holding capacity, organic matter, and biological capacity at vineyards under different farming methods like Regenerative Agriculture impact irrigation efficiency. References: 115: Examining Plant Nutrient Mobility with SAP Analysis 121: Regenerative Agriculture (Rebroadcast) Greg Pennyroyal Irrigation Best Management Practices Kind Harvest Reinier van der Lee SIP Certified Tailgates Vinduino Wilson Creek Winery & Vineyards Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

There are numerous tools and technologies to improve irrigation efficiency but by looking at grower demographics, we can better predict which growers will implement best management practices. Plus, we can learn how to educate all growers to improve adoption. Nicholas Babin, Assistant Professor of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences at California Polytechnic State University, conducted a two-year study to assess Paso Robles California AVA grape growers' thoughts around climate change adaptation, irrigation efficiency, practice adoption, and SGMA. SGMA, or Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, is a California state policy aiming to bring over drafted groundwater basins into sustainability in 20 to 30 years. Agencies are established in sub basins like Paso Robles to establish groundwater management strategies for their region. After discovering that the adoption of water management strategies like soil and plant tissue monitoring devices, distribution uniformity tests, and flow meters, was lower for smaller vineyards under 40 acres, Nicholas and his team looked at other demographics to determine which factors most influence adoption of best management practices. By evaluating growers' income, rainfall, education, vineyard size, and other influences, the research found that the most important factor in predicting the adoption of water efficiency management practices is participation in the SIP Certified program for sustainable winegrowing. Nicholas also covers the Cal -Adapt tool to predict the impact of climate change on specific vineyards and gives a sneak peek at his latest research on the efficacy of carbon farming programs. References: 116: Using Nudge Theory to Improve Irrigation Practices 122: Preserving Agriculture Land to Combat Climate Change Cal-Adapt Cal-Adapt Tutorial California Climate & Agriculture Network (CalCAN) Nicholas Babin, Assistant Professor of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences at California Polytechnic State University Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) SIP Certified State Water Efficiency and Enhancement Program (SWEEP) Vineyard-specific climate projections help growers manage risk and plan adaptation in the Paso Robles AVA Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

While many growers are familiar with the Western Leafhopper, they may not know as much about the Virginia Creeper Leafhopper. Houston Wilson, Assistant Cooperative Extension Specialist in the Department of Entomology at UC Riverside and Director of UC Organic Agriculture Institute has been studying the Virginia Creeper Leafhopper and potential biological controls. Leafhoppers are pierce and suck feeders. The insect removes small amounts of plant material causing a stippling effect on the leaf. This damage reduces the photosynthetic capacity of the vine and can reduce yields. The Virginia Creeper Leafhopper was recently introduced into the North Coast of California where it was discovered that it has no biological controls. Additionally, its life stages are different from the more well-known Western Leafhopper so growers must utilize different management practices to control the pest. References: February 18, 2022 | Avoiding Winter Kill in Young Vineyards Webinar Cal-West Rain Houston Wilson Landscape diversity and crop vigor influence biological control of the western grape leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantulaOsborn) in vineyards Review of Ecologically-based Pest Management in California Vineyards SIP Certified UC IPM Leafhoppers

Consumer demand for transparency and sustainability of their food system is leading to more and more agrochemical restrictions to address concerns for pollinators, noenicitinoids, and drift. Additionally, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investors are putting pressure on the chemical industry to improve their metrics. Pam Marrone, Founder and CEO of Marrone Bio Innovations outlines the market, status, and potential for biologicals in this excerpt from our 2020 Sustainable Ag Expo. Bringing a new pesticide to market can cost upwards of 300 million dollars and takes an average of 21 years. These challenges have big companies looking at new technologies like biologicals. Bringing a biological to market costs five to 10 million and can be accomplished in three to four years. Growers are seeing that using an integrated solution creates a better final product. Biologicals offer new modes of action, the ability to spray up until harvest, and short reentry times. Plus, they can allow growers to improve soil health and reduce greenhouse gasses. References: 87: Developing New Winegrape Varieties 94: Effective Vineyard Spraying (Rebroadcast) 122: Preserving Agriculture Land to Combat Climate Change Pesticidal natural products – status and future potential Marrone Bio SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Tailgate | 1/14/2022 | Salinity 101 - Science and Management of Increasing Salinity in a Drier Climate

Maintaining agricultural land can be a solution to climate change. Renata Brillinger, Executive Director at California Climate & Agriculture Network (CalCAN), and her team are working to incentivize sustainable practices like composting, cover crops, and solar pumps at farms. They promote four grant programs that help farmers and ranchers have a positive impact on the planet and their bottom line. The first is to prevent urban sprawl by funding easements to maintain working farmland. The second is to increase on-farm water use efficiency which also reduces energy consumption. The third is to reduce methane emissions in livestock operations by collecting dry manure. And the fourth is to fund healthy soils programs to improve the organic content in soil and reduce the need for synthetic inputs. As of December 2022, there are more than 200 million dollars in grant funding coming online. It is important that farmers apply for funding not only to execute their own projects but to ensure that these programs continue to be funded in the future. References: 28: Understanding Soil Health California Climate & Agriculture Network (CalCAN) CalCAN Newsletter California's Healthy Soils Initiative SIP Certified State Water Efficiency and Enhancement Program (SWEEP) Top 5 Soil Health Resources Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

David R. Montgomery defines regenerative agriculture as leaving the land better off and more fertile as a consequence of cultivation. David studied geology at Stanford University before earning his Ph.D. in geomorphology at UC Berkeley. Today he teaches at the University of Washington where he studies the evolution of topography and how geological processes shape landscapes and influence ecological systems. In this research, he has defined three principles to build soil fertility; minimal disturbance, cover cropping and growing a diversity of crops. David has studied the success of these principles in agricultural systems around the world, from subsistence farmers to large commodity crops in North America. Healthy soils support more crop growth, have less erosion, and even look and smell healthier. The author of three books, David is a wealth of information on how soil life impacts plant productivity. References: 91: Carbon Sequestration (Podcast) @dig2grow (Twitter) Dig2Grow.com Floor Management for Soil Health Dirt the Erosion of Civilizations Growing a Revolution Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified The Hidden Half of Nature Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Imagine improving both the efficiency and safety of your team with autonomous drone vineyard spraying. That is exactly what David Goldfarb and the team at Clos de la Tech are trialing in their vine rows. Although this technology has been used in Japan for a number of years, it is new to the United States. Initially, they looked to drones as a way to scout for pests. Spraying was limited due to the small capacity of the machines. Then an advancement inspired by COVID stadium sanitation standards changed the game. A tethering system was created to attach the drone to a full-sized tank with a lightweight hose. Since FFA standards are still being written for drone spray applications, trials were conducted with water. The Clos de la Tech team found that coverage could be more than sufficient and they look forward to testing this technology more in the future. References: 51: Effective Vineyard Spraying Clos de la Tech Drone Technology to Spray Vineyards Gains Popularity Pesticide Application Technology at Cornell SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Waste Not, Want Not!: Recent advances in technology for the precise spraying of pesticides (Video) Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The first pillar of any successful IPM (Integrated Pest Management Program) is to know the pest you want to manage. Emily Symmes, Entomologist and Technical Field Manager at Suterra, addresses the basics of vine mealybug (VMB) in grapes in this expert from the 2020 Sustainable Ag Expo. VMB are phloem eaters, piercing the trunk, canes, and berry clusters and vectoring leafroll-associated viruses. In high populations, they will weaken the vines and can cause vine decline and death. Their rapid development time and often overlapping generations make using selective pesticides challenging because multiple lifecycles are active at one time. Adding to the management challenge, VMB spread easily by machinery, workers, and birds. Proper species identification is vital to understand biologies and seasonal cycles of the VMB. Monitoring should be managed with both pheromone trapping and scouting throughout the year. Pheromone traps are most effective when placed at the vineyard entrance since VMB come in on machinery. Additional traps can be placed in the center of the block. Visual scouting should include looking for active VMB under the bark, in leaves, and in clusters, as well as signs of their existence including honeydew and ants. Listen in to learn more about VMB identification and management. References: 26: Controlling Mealybug Vectors of Grapevine Viruses 49: Stopping the Spread of Red Leaf Viruses An Important First Step in Biocontrol: Don't Kill the Good Insects Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Sustainable and Organic Control of Vine Mealybug in Vineyards: Two Growers, Two Approaches Suterra UC Pest Management Guidelines Vine Mealybug Vine Mealybug vs. Grape Mealybug Identification Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

UV lamps have been used in the medical field, food processing, and sterilization for 75 years but application on plant disease management only began in the 1990s. UV light is a natural component of sunlight. The most harmful wavelengths like UVC are screened out by our ozone layer. DNA damaging UVB does reach the surface, however, most organisms can utilize blue light to repair the damage. David Gadoury, Plant Pathologist at Cornell University, is part of a large team of international researchers testing this technology on a variety of crops. Because there can be significant differences in environments, pest pressure, and times of year crops are impacted, it is important to trial this methodology globally. Powdery mildew microorganisms live in a sunlight-filled world so they use the sun's natural blue light to repair UV damage. More recently, scientists found that UV light for pest management is much more effective when used at night when microorganisms cannot employ the repair process. So far, trials have found that UV light is most effective against powdery mildews. In the best treatment scenarios, control is on par with the best available fungicides. And now, UV light treatments are being paired with autonomous robots, providing potentially even greater efficiencies to growers. References: 2: The Goldilocks Principle & Powdery Mildew Management 79: Grapevine Fungal Diseases CleanLight David Gadoury | mailto:[email protected] Light and Plant Health Robots armed with UV light fight grape mildew SAGA Robotics SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

How can values, beliefs, and attitudes around irrigation improve water efficiency? That is exactly what a recent California Department of Water Resources (DWR) grant project aimed to discover. Grant recipient, Vineyard Team, worked with 59 growers over three years to conduct irrigation-related behavior interviews, Distribution Uniformity evaluations, and determine if continued interaction (nudges) with the grower would increase the adoption of irrigation best management practices in vineyards. Every participant received a free DU and personalized report of recommendations so the researchers could track which improvements, like replacing plugged emitters, were implemented. Participants were divided into two groups, some with no contact beyond the initial DU test. The other half received regular nudges through phone calls and email calls to see if they had questions and to provide technical information. Listen in to learn how nudges change irrigation efficiency. References: 108: Using Satellite Data for Irrigation Scheduling 101: Sub-surface Micro-irrigation in Vineyards Drip Irrigation Systems: Common Problems and Fixes Irrigation Best Management Practices Irrigation System Maintenance Tips - English Irrigation System Maintenance Tips - Spanish Irrigation Playlist – YouTube SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Plant SAP analysis gives farmers insight into how the plant can take up and mobilize nutrients. Traditional tissue testing is usually done at the top of the plant, sampling only the youngest leaves. SAP Analysis is actually a pair of tests, comparing nutrients in young and old leaves to see what is being taken up today and how the nutrients are moved around. Test results compare levels in young and old leaves across 24 different nutrients. One important comparison is Nitrogen efficiency, so the farmer can see how much Nitrogen is actually being taken up by the plant and calculate a cost analysis. Learn more about SAP Analysis and also some fascinating research about the relationship between silica, iron, and aluminum in grapevines. References: 72: Soil Microbes and Nutrient Availability 113: Microbial Inoculants for Soil Health Jenny Garley on LinkedIn Making Nitrogen & Potassium Fertilizer Decisions in the Vineyard NEWAGE Laboratories SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Numerous vineyards have utilized sheep and goats for grazing but most only during the winter. Kelly Mulville was on a mission to design a vineyard for year-round grazing to restore the ecosystem with livestock. The challenge was to find a vineyard design where the animals could not eat the vines. In a partnership with Paicines Ranch in California, Kelley and the team utilized the Watson Training System which holds the cordon wire at 66 inches. The vineyard incorporated nine grape varieties and trialed year-round sheep grazing last summer with great success. Using the sheep will eliminate all suckering and tipping, dramatically reduce fertilization, decrease irrigation use, and lower labor costs. Listen in as Kelley explains the trial process for tips on how to set up your own vineyard for year-round grazing. References: 107: How Grazing Sheep Can Benefit Your Vineyard (Podcast) 113: Microbial Inoculants for Soil Health (Podcast) Grazing Vineyards Paicines Ranch Savory Holistic Management SIP Certified Sustainable Ag Expo Watson Training System for Bunch Wine Grapes Virtual Viticulture Academy Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

A healthy soil has hundreds of different species of microbes while a depleted one may only have one dozen. A number of common viticulture practices are not conducive to a healthy soil biology so Dave Olson of Sustainable Growing Solutions is looking at how we can improve soil quality with microbes, ultimately improving plant quality. This process can be foliar with soil inoculations over time. Microbes do not colonize all at once so it important to add them over a period of time so that some will pave the way for others. Dave discusses the best time for applications and the importance of having an objective before trialing inoculants. References: 72: Soil Microbes and Nutrient Availability 112: How Deficit Irrigation Impacts Soil Quality David Olson | [email protected] | (916) 284-9706 SIP Certified Sustainable Growing Solutions (website coming soon) Top 5 Soil Health Resources Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship Water and Nitrogen Use Webinar Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Deficit irrigation is used in winegrape production to keep berries small and enhance the flavor of wines, particularly with reds. Joan Davenport, Emerta Professor of Soil Sciences at Washington State University says to get an accurate measure of soil moisture, you need to focus monitoring where the roots are. These measurements are ideally taken about 15 to 20 inches from the vines. Deficit irrigation can lead to a buildup of salt and sodium, negatively impacting soil quality. Salts cause root burning and damage to root systems, hurt microorganisms, and prevents calcium uptake. Joan talks about her research project to compare soil quality between Washington vineyards irrigated with snow melt (surface water) versus ground water (water from wells). References: 72: Soil Microbes and Nutrient Availability Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils Irrigated Soil Management Irrigation Best Management Practices SIP Certified Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship Washington State University Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences Water and Nitrogen Use Webinar Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Every vineyard has a portion of the property that is non-productive, but are there ways to maximize the benefits of this land? Fintan du Fresne, General Manager and Winemaker for both Chamisal Vineyards and Maine Wines and Christian Rodriguez, Assistant Vineyard Manager at Chamisal Vineyards found the answer to this question with a Miyawaki Mini-forest. Conceived by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, these mini-forests can take be developed in spaces as small as 30 square yards. Development of a coastal oak woodland at Chamisal Vineyards began by excavating three feet down, adding mulch and compost, and planting 400 to 500 native plants at a high density. This process enables the forest to establish three to four times as rapidly as it would in a natural setting. The established forest will not only proffer a habitat for local fauna but, also provide carbon sequestration. The next phase of this project includes a partnership with Cal Poly State University to pipe C02 from the winery into the forest to see how much carbon sequestration is possible. References: 92: Regenerative Agriculture 102: Effects of Landscape Management on Pest Control in Vineyards Akira Miyawaki Chamisal Vineyards Conservation Plan Template Malene Wines Las Pilitas Nursery SIP Certified Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Vineyard development begins with the soil. Steve Vierra, Director of Vineyard Operation at Derby Wine Estates and Certified Professional Soil Scientist, has developed many vineyards since the 1990s and always begins with a site evaluation to determine what is actually plantable. This includes a deep dive into all aspects of the prospective vineyard including climate, rain fall, aspect, slope, rootstock, soil types, and best varieties to create a self-sustaining vine. The goal is to develop a vineyard that is easy to farm around natural resources and the goals of the business. Steve covers how he evaluates soils with both pits and physical property tests for micro- and macronutrients. Learn about ideal rootstocks and clones for different soil types, plus Steve's favorite development projects in Paso Robles California. References: 72: Soil Microbes and Nutrient Availability 107: How Grazing Sheep Can Benefit Your Vineyard Biochar: Soil Amendment for Improved Vine Performance and Long-term Carbon Sequestration Derby Wine Estates Making Nitrogen & Potassium Fertilizer Decisions in the Vineyard SIP Certified Steve Vierra Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The introductory voice and producer of this podcast, Beth Vukmanic, joined Jaime Lewis of CONSUMED in the much-awaited season nine. The CONSUMED podcast stokes candid conversation about life and flavor, ten episodes at a time. Jaime interviews eaters, drinkers, thinkers and makers across California and especially at its heart, the Central Coast. And, this past year, CONSUMED hit the top 40 podcasts about food and wine in the United States. Enjoy this rebroadcast. An Introduction from the CONSUMED podcast: When Beth Vukmanic came on the podcast, I was certain we'd talk only about her work with the Vineyard Team, an organization based in Atascadero, California that promotes sustainable winegrowing throughout the U.S. But Beth surprised me with all her many special fun facts: she was born in a moving VW Rabbit on a freeway in Detroit, she plays the harp professionally, and — here's the biggie — she is a fitness superstar. No really. Beth is a hugely popular Instagram fitness instructor with a following like you wouldn't believe. She's kind, sharp, thoughtful and fun, and I liked her immediately. Listen to Beth talk about her background in agriculture, her longtime commitment to sustainable winegrowing, and how she likes to eat when getting home from a big HIIT workout. References: Bethercize CONSUMED: a podcast SIP Certified Vineyard Team Staff Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship

There is no doubt that water is a precious resource, particularly in drought prone regions like California. It is very important for growers to measure soil moisture and there are a bevy of technological devices available to utilize. From soil moisture probes to pressure bombs, these tools are helpful but, they only provide data on once specific area at a time and many are time consuming to use. Today, there is a lot of free satellite data available and that data is being captured by Irriwatch. Founder and CEO Wim Bastiaanssen is an international academic leader and is engaged as a Visiting Professor at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). He holds a Ph.D. degree in crop-soil-atmospheric physics from Wageningen University. Having grown up on a potato farm, Wim aims to provide practical guidelines for irrigation management. The IrriWatch software aggregates data from 10 satellites to provide daily moisture measurements down to the pixel, allowing growers to optimize irrigation water applications in a world of dynamical weather, soil and crop processes. References: 67: Impacts of Climate Change on Wine Production (Podcast) 101: Sub-surface Micro-irrigation in Vineyards (Podcast) How Thermal Remote Sensing Helps Farmers to Optimize their Irrigation (Video) Irrigation Best Management Practices Irrigation System Maintenance Tips - English Irrigation System Maintenance Tips - Spanish IrriWatch [email protected] SIP Certified Vineyard Team's 'Juan Navarez Memorial' Scholarship Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Using sheep to graze vineyards has many benefits including lowering the carbon footprint, fewer tractor passes, and reduced herbicide use. Kelsey Brewer, Ph.D. Candidate at the University of California at Davis has been researching how these living lawnmowers impact nutrient and energy flows in the eco system. When tractors were replaced by sheep, the research team found that vineyards had 1.3 times more organic matter and nitrogen plus twice as much available soil nitrogen in the soil. Grazed vineyards have very high microbial activity, improved infiltration, and porosity. Of course, sheep are not a good fit for every vineyard system. Their benefits are not seen in ranches where heavy tillage is still used. While a manager could establish their own flock, most grazing is contracted with experienced professionals who can intensively and efficiently graze in vineyard. References: 30: Managing the Landscape Around the Vineyard (Podcast) 106: What? Bury Charcoal in the Vineyard? (Podcast) Conservation Plan Template Fibershed Gaudin Lab UC Davis Kelsey Brewer on Twitter @k_m_brewer SIP Certified Vineyard Development Ecological Considerations Vineyard Team's Juan Navarez Memorial Scholarship

What, bury charcoal in the vineyard? Biochar is a specialized form of charcoal made from waste woody biomass at high temperature in the absence of oxygen. We know soil organic matter is important for the health of any crop. It turns out the use of charwood (biochar) goes back to ancient civilizations and it can be found naturally in soils from fire events. Doug Beck, Science Officer at Monterey Pacific in Monterey California, recently conducted a four-year trial to test the impacts of biochar and compost as soil amendments on wine grape growth, water use, yield, and water quality. This is an excerpt from his presentation at the Sustainable Ag Expo in November 2020. This fascinating trial showed that the addition of biochar and compost to the soil improves nutrient efficiency, improves water holding capacity, and positively impacted yields. References: 56: Conservation Burning and Biochar (Podcast) "Biochar increases vineyard productivity without affecting grape quality: Results from a four years field experiment in Tuscany" | Scholarly article California Biochar Association "The Conservation Burn Technique" | Vineyard Team Technical Article SIP Certified Sonoma Biochar Initiative Sustainable Ag Expo Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship

Higher education is important to many students but paying for college can be challenging. The Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship helps college students whose parents work in members' vineyards and wineries achieve their dreams. The Smiths of Saxum and James Berry Vineyard, know that our people are vital to sustainability. Justin Smith tells the story of Juan Nevarez, a person instrumental in their wine business for over three decades, and their inspiration to donate to the scholarship fund in his name. Pebble Smith says, "The year is 1985 and we're looking at our first harvest at James Berry Vineyard. Our family, alone, has deer fenced, laid out, staked, and planted 35 acres of Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc. We know there is no way we can get the grapes off and to the winery just using our family and any friends still willing to help us. Our very first thought was to call our friend Juan who was then helping the Baldwins develop their vineyard and winery. He looked at us pleading for help and said 'no problema, I'll be there before the sun's up with enough men to get all your grapes off before noon.' He was true to his word and our first harvest was the exciting start for two successful careers: our fledgling vineyard and Juan's labor contracting business. Thirty-five harvests later and Juan and now his family, are still supplying us with skilled and trusted vineyard laborers. I know this is not the end for our relationship with Nevarez Labor but Juan's passing has left his family and ours with a big hole in our hearts. To help heal that hole we have put forward money for the Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship Fund and we know that would have made him very happy. So in honor of Juan, Terry, Justin, Heather and I would like to honor all the Nevarez family for being such an integral part of our community." The Vineyard Team is grateful for the Smith family's donation which helps us reach our goal to raise $25000 in 2021. You too can make a life changing impact on a student's future. Donate at vineyardteam.org/scholarship. References: Donate to the Vineyard Team Scholarship Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

In 2008 the oversupply of Sauvignon Blanc coupled with the financial crisis lead to trialing shaking to remove berries in New Zealand for the very first time. A few years later, the New Zealand Winegrowers Society funded a three-year grant to test the impacts of shaking on dropping fruit, wine quality, and botrytis. Mark Allen of Allen Vineyard Advisory explains that because shaking the vine four to six weeks after fruit set does cause some damage to the canopy and berries, pathologists assumed that the shaken vines would have a higher incidence of botrytis. They were surprised that they did not. In fact, the botrytis levels were markedly less in the shaken vines than the control. Trials have found that shaking reduces botrytis at harvest by at least 50 percent plus the cost is significantly less than dropping fruit. With increased resistance to chemical controls, good wine quality, and cost efficiency, shaking shows a lot of promise. References: 1: Bunch Rot with Larry Bettiga (podcast) Bunch Rot Disease Management Botrytis Bunch Rot UC Pest Management Guidelines Mark Allen | [email protected] Mechanical Shaking for Rot Reduction SIP Certified Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The 2020 pandemic showed many brands how social media can be an important means of communication. Heather Daenitz of Craft & Cluster helps wines brands tell their grape to glass story with photography and social media. Keeping up with latest trends and algorithms can be challenging. At the end of the day, Instagram wants to keep people on the platform as long as possible. If you have good content the algorithm will show your posts to more people, benefiting both your brand awareness and Instagram. A few years ago, a common tactic was to post multiple times a day. Today, it is more important to post less frequently with more intention. Social media is a great way to share a brands values and to diversify both marketing channels. References: 4/22/21 Social Media & Sustainability Online Workshop 85: It's Time for New Wine Sales Strategies 83: Sustainability: An Advantage in any Market 82: Getting to Know Your Wine Customer Coastal Tractor Craft & Cluster Craft & Cluster Instagram SIP Certified State of the Wine Consumer 2021: Top 5 Trends for 2021 Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship Wine Customer Segments and How to Talk SIP with Them Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The small Priorat region in Spain has a fascinating history dating back to the Moors in the 8th century, to the birth of its wine production for a local monastery in the 1100s to the near complete devastation of its vineyards by phylloxera in the late 19th century. Replanting began in earnest in the 1950s and top reviews by Robert Parker in the 2000 helped solidify this area as a top wine region in Spain. Local Perinet Winemaker Antoni Sanchez-Ortiz notes how years of abandonment has lead nature reestablish its place among the vines, hazelnut, olives, and forest. To maintain this balance of nature and winemaking, the winery has established an ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) initiative. The lack of electricity means that current production relies on generators. Perinet's Environmental project is to convert the property to 100 percent solar power. Socially, they provide a workplace that takes responsibility for their footprint, an organization their staff can feel proud to work for. They take Governance personally, becoming a brand that leads the way, setting an example of what the rest of the region can do. References: 33: Sustainable, Lake Friendly Farming in Michigan with WaterFire Vineyards Grape Phylloxera UC Pest Management Guidelines In Search of the Best Wines from Priorat Perinet SIP Certified Suterra Vineyard Team Educational Scholarship Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The resource concentration hypothesis looks at how the advent of modern agriculture as monoculture created an environment where pests can grow faster because their resource, the crop, is more prevalent. Biodiversity is fundamental for pest management and Daniel Paredes, Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California Davis, in the department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology, is studying how sustaining natural habitat around vineyards can increase biodiversity. Promotion of natural habitat impacts vineyards in two different ways; 1) the promotion of natural enemies and 2) by diminishing the pest population. Speaking about his latest research project in Spain, Daniel says, "At harvest, we found pest outbreaks increased four-fold in simplified, vineyard-dominated landscapes compared to complex landscapes in which vineyards are surrounded by semi-natural habitats." This study shows that conserving and restoring natural vegetation creates a more stable environment. References: Ceres Imaging Diverging Effects of Landscape Factors and Inter-Row Management on the Abundance of Beneficial and Herbivorous Arthropods in Andalusian Vineyards (Spain) Effects of vegetation management intensity on biodiversity and ecosystem services in vineyards: A meta‐analysis Landscape Simplification Increases Vineyard Pest Outbreaks and Insecticide Use SIP Certified Tillage intensity or landscape features: What matters most for wild bee diversity in vineyards? UC Davis Study: How Landscape Simplification Affects Pest Outbreaks Vineyard Team Events Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

While grape production does not require extensive water use and the majority of vineyards in the Pacific North West are drip irrigated, drought conditions in recent years have led growers to seek more efficiencies to reduce water use. Pete Jacoby, Professor of Crops and Soil Sciences at Washington State University knows that in a traditional drip irrigated vineyard, water is lost through evaporation plus plants loose about 90 percent of the water they take up through transportation. Most sub-surface micro-irrigation is done with buried lines which are easily clogged in fine silty loam soils or damaged by rodents. So, he is partnering with commercial grower sto test a different sub-surface irrigation system - vertically placed PVC pipe. By placing pipes at one, two, three, and four feet, the experiment tested water reduction from 60 percent all the way down to 15 percent of what was typically delivered through above ground irrigation. Researchers discovered that this changed the vine root architecture from 18 inches all the way down to two and three feet. Plus, grape quality could be sustained with significantly lower water applications. Using these promising results, Pete is now testing white varieties and how sub-surface micro-irrigation impacts nutrient management. References: 63: Evaluate and Maintain Your Irrigation System (podcast) Advancing Water Use Efficiency in Vineyards with Sub-surface Micro-Irrigation Techniques Assessing Impacts of Direct Root-Zone Irrigation on Grapevine Physiology Ceres Imaging Direct Root Zone Watering (video) Irrigation Best Management Practices New irrigation system can cut vineyard water usage by 35 percent Pete Jacoby SIP Certified Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Once a vineyard manger has found disease there is often not much to be done, they are merely mitigating loss. The Lab at Cornell has launched several grape disease sensing technology projects to study early detection and how to use that information. Leading the research is Katie Gold, assistant professor of plant pathology and plant microbe-biology at Cornell AgriTech. The programs utilize imaging spectroscopy (also known as hyperspectral imaging) deployed at all scales, from autonomous rovers to spacecraft with the goal to detect disease earlier when management is going to be both minimal and successful. The latest research includes partnering with NASA to look at how dust currents can move pathogens across the globe to building autonomous robots to detect downy mildew, powdery mildew, and to aide pruning decisions. References: 18: Next Steps in Grape Sampling (Podcast) Cornell AgriTech Grant to support research into grape downy mildew Katie Gold SIP Certified Scientists track plant diseases riding across globe with dust Twitter | @kaitlinmgold Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Wildfires and COVID impacted legislation as much as they impacted wine production this year. Lauren Noland-Hajik, Attorney and Lobbyist at Soares & Conway coves some of the major changes seen in 2020 and what is coming up in 2021. The March shutdown of the legislature due to COVID resulted in the handing off of power from the legislature off to governor to make executive orders. This is a scenario that has not been seen in a long time and was still in place as of the end of 2020. With the extended tax deadline, the legislature passed baby budget and filled in details in August. As a result, many programs were gutted. New programs and one time funds were taken off the table including programs like upgrading diesel engines, healthy soils program, and air quality plans that help agriculture. Lauren covers new and upcoming policies including how ag can be a solution for wildfires; a bill to create consistent training for M95 mask use; AB685 defining a COVID outbreak and the notification procedure; SB1159 defining where COVID cases are presumed to be contracted; SB1383 to expand protected family leave; and Prop15 impacting property taxes. In 2021 Lauren anticipates more bills on employee protection, legislation around recycling, and the codification of CalOSHA emergency regulations into bills. References: Podcast 76: Regulations that will Affect Your Wine Business this Year (podcast) Kahn, Soares, & Conway, LLP Lauren Noland-Hajik | [email protected] Official California Legislative Information SIP Certified Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

In 1972 Paul Kalemkiarian's father purchased a liquor store and began featuring two of his top wine picks each month. Customers, appreciative of the direction in wine selection, would ask to have wine shipped to them and the Wine of the Month Club was born. The intent of the club remains the same, to help customers select a good wine for the value, not to sell any wine. After sampling over 100,000 wines, Paul knows you need to taste a wine to know if it is good. Having a sustainable business means being able to go to market through different routes so consumers can buy at varying price points. Paul reflects on shipping challenges from reporting to taxes; misconceptions about the quality of wine coming from the bulk market; and the slow road to pivot from on premise sales to online post COVID. As Paul says, "Wine is an ethereal fruit, expressive of where it is grown unlike any other fruit," and the industry can help consumers experience wine in a new way. References: 82: Getting to Know Your Wine Customer | Brandi Moody (Podcast) 85: It's Time for New Wine Sales Strategies | Paul Mabray (Podcast) Joanne DePuy and the Judgment of Paris | Wine Talks with Paul K (Podcast) Paul K | [email protected] SIP Certified The Man. George Taber, only journalist to show at the Judgement of Paris | Wine Talks with Paul K (Podcast) Wineofthemonthclub.com Wine Talks with Paul K Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

In mid-April 2020, the grape market saw its highest bulk inventory at 23 million gallons. By November that quantity had reduced significantly to 8.5 million gallons. Audra Cooper, Central Coast Grape Broker and Partner at Turrentine Brokerage explains how the grape market has been on a roller coaster throughout 2020. At the beginning of the year, most varieties and regions in California were in drastic oversupply. The onset of COVID lead to pantry loading as people increased wine consumption at home. Summer fires reduced fruit supply, skyrocketed bulk wine sales, and leave a lot of questions around what the quality of the 2020 vintage will be. Although many wine brands learned proactive techniques to manage smoke taint over the past few years, the industry still lacks standardization in regards to smoke taint testing. References: 73: Smoke Impact on Wine (Podcast) 65: Winegrape Brokering and Todays Grape Market (Podcast) Audra Cooper SIP Certified Smoke Impact in Grapes and Wine | ETS Laboratories Smoke Taint: How Much Smoke is Too Much? | Craig Macmillan, PhD Turrentine Brokerage Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The Spotted Lanternfly (SLF) is the newest agricultural invasive species in the United States. Originally from Asia, this insect feeds on plant sap from a broad range of hosts. Dr. Heather Leach, Extension Associate at the Department of Entomology at Penn State University is focused on researching this insect and educating the public on how to manage the pest. Although it appears that SLF has been in the United States for some years, growers are now seeing adverse effects and report extreme vine decline and death. A major part of Heather's research is around how to manage SLF. While a large number of insecticides are effective, the challenge is that population's levels are highest during harvest. This restricts the insecticide use to products with low residuals and requires more applications. Alternative management trials with some promise include exclusion netting, cannon sprayers, building a border with insecticide treated netting, and determining if there are predators already in the United States. References: Heather Leach Lanternfly Study Yields Insight into Insecticide, Biopesticide Effectiveness Penn State Extension Spotted Lanternfly SIP Certified Spotted Lanternfly Frequently Asked Questions StopSLF.org Sustainable Ag Expo Using Traps for Spotted Lanternfly Management Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Today, 40% of the California wine industry does not have a Farm Advisor. Four industry veterans discuss retirements and recruitment for UC Cooperative Extension. Larry Bettiga, long time UCCE Farm Advisor Monterey County, discusses how reduction in staff looks from the perspective of a Farm Advisor. Chris Storm, Viticulturist of Vino Farms covers his experience with Farm Advisors and their import to the industry to assist smaller growers and facilitate research. Dr. Wendy Powers, Associate Vice President, UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Cliff Ohmart facilitate a brainstorming session on how the industry can fill this void through PCAs, consultants and organizations like the Vineyard Team and Lodi Winegrowers. This discussion is an excerpt from the 2020 virtual Sustainable Ag Expo course on Current Status of UC Cooperative Extension - Retirements and Recruitment. Use the link below to register for the course and hear the full discussion between November 9 and December 4, 2020. References: 52: The Long View on Sustainable Winegrowing with Cliff Ohmart (podcast) Dr. Wendy Powers, Associate Vice President, UC Agriculture and Natural Resources Larry Bettiga, UCCE Farm Advisor Monterey County Lodi Wine Growers UC Cooperative Extension Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified Vineyard Team Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Leading expert Dr. Andrew Landers of Cornell University discusses his more than thirty years of research and development on pesticide sprayer technology to reduce pesticide use through accurate, efficient delivery of the product to the plant. References: 2015 Precision Agriculture Workshop (Video) Andrew Landers Webpage Effective Vineyard Spraying | Andrew Landers Effective Vineyard Spraying Online Educational Module (DPR CE credit available) Pesticide Application Technology at Cornell Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified Waste Not, Want Not!: Recent advances in technology for the precise spraying of pesticides (Video) Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

A recent study examined the potential of hemp terpene drift from hemp crops planted in close proximity to vineyards in Sonoma County, California. George Sellu, Program Coordinator and Instructor in the Agribusiness department at Santa Rosa Junior College explains the nuances of hemp production from how volatile aroma profiles vary by variety, the lack of studies to show volatiles impact grapes, wind influence on volatile organic compound movement, and smoke taint. George Sellu joined the SRJC in Fall 2013. He received a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture and Environmental Science with an emphasis in Soil Science from the University of Sierra Leone and a MS and PhD in Agricultural Science/Education from the University of California, Davis. References: George Sellu | [email protected] Growing Cannabis in Wine Country: The Shone Farm Project Hemp Being Explored as a New Farm Crop in Sonoma County Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

David R. Montgomery defines regenerative agriculture as leaving the land better off and more fertile as a consequence of cultivation. David studied geology at Stanford University before earning his Ph.D. in geomorphology at UC Berkeley. Today he teaches at the University of Washington where he studies the evolution of topography and how geological processes shape landscapes and influence ecological systems. In this research, he has defined three principals to build soil fertility; minimal disturbance, cover cropping, and growing a diversity of crops. David has studied the success of these principals in agricultural systems around the world, from subsistence farmers to large commodity crops in North America. Healthy soils support more crop growth, have less erosion, and even look and smell healthier. The author of three books, David is a wealth of information on how soil life impacts plant productivity. References: 91: Carbon Sequestration (Podcast) @dig2grow (Twitter) Dig2Grow.com Floor Management for Soil Health Dirt the Erosion of Civilizations Growing a Revolution Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified The Hidden Half of Nature Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Dr. Charlotte Decock, Assistant Professor Cal Poly - Earth & Soil Sciences talks about soil management with the goal of capturing greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere and sequestering them in the soil. Her teaching and research focus on sustainable fertilizer and soil management in California's specialty crops. This podcast is a recording from a workshop we co-costed on soil health. As part of California Climate Investments, the California Department of Food and Agriculture's (CDFA) Healthy Soils Program distributed $5.8 million in cap and trade funds in 2018 to farming and ranching operations for the implementation of soil health practices that sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This workshop brought together a team of researchers and growers from Cal Poly, the Vineyard Team, J. Lohr Vineyard, and Tablas Creek Vineyard to talk about their Demonstration Project grant from the Healthy Soils Program to demonstrate the benefits of compost application and no-till practices for vineyard operations. References: 28: Understanding Soil Health (Podcast) Dr. Charlotte Decock The Composting Process Compost Rate Calculator Floor Management for Soil Health Notes on Composting Grape Pomace Supporting Soil Health Using Compost | Slides from a talk by Cristina Lazcano & Charlotte Decock Sustainable Ag Expo SIP Certified Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Some 25 to 30 percent of vineyards in Washington state have nematode population densities that are considered damaging. Nematodes have a slow, chronic negative impact on vine health. Plants have less foliage and visible weak spots in the field. Inga Zasada, Research Plant Pathologist with the USDA Agricultural Research Service is particularly interested in nematode management because Washington is mostly own rooted vines. These vines are highly susceptible to nematodes and farmers need to consider soil health with the imminent replanting of vines in the next 10 to 15 years. Most research on nematodes comes out of California where the nematode populations are different. Current management options are limited to rootstocks or preplant fumigation. Inga and her team are working on practical research for growers including identifying where different types of nematodes are in relation to the vine and a degree day model for nematode life stages so if chemical becomes available it can be used property. References: Electrifying nematodes and pathogens! | Riga, Crisp, McComb, Weiland, Zasad How Low Can They Go? Plant-Parasitic Nematode Distribution in a Washington Vineyard | East, Moyer, Madden, Zasada Inga Zasada SIP Certified USDA ARS Horticulture Happenings Viticulture Research from Washington State University with Dr. Moyer (Podcast) Zasada Lab Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Pierce's Disease is caused by bacteria spread by xylem sucking insects. The bacteria move quickly throughout the vine causing disease which blocks the flow of liquid through the plant. Symptoms of leaf scorching – leaves that are curled and dried up on the edges - show up mid-summer. This pathogen is successful because plant does not recognize that it is there and does not mount a good defense. Steven Lindow, Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of California Berkley is a plant pathologist and microbial ecologist. He and his team are researching other bacteria that can grow in the grapevine that mysteriously sensitize them to the Pierce's Disease pathogen. Once inoculated with the new bacteria the plant induces its innate immune system to combat Pierces Disease. This process works like a vaccine although the bacteria itself does not cause a direct action. Naturally found in onions, the bacteria can be applied in a spray with a surfactant. Current research indicates that this process will need to be repeated annually. As the EPA considers beneficial bacteria a pesticide, Lindow is pursuing the registration process so this technique can be used commercially. References: Biological Control of Pierce's Disease of Grape by an Endophytic Bacterium Caroline Roper, Associate Professor of Plant Pathology & Plant Pathologist, University of California Riverside Cell-cell signaling controls Xylella fastidiosa interactions with both insects and plants Steven Lindow, Professor of Plant Pathology, University of California Berkley SIP Certified Use of a Green Fluorescent Strain for Analysis of Xylella fastidiosa Colonization of Vitis vinifera Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

50-million-year-old reserves of humified organic matter are a substance called lignite. It is commonly known as brown or soft coal, a substance usually equated with energy production. Researchers at the Technical University of Dresden have found that this very old, carbon rich plant material has the same building blocks as humus – the organic matter reserves found in soil. Virginia Corless, Chief Growth Officer at Novihum Technologies, explains how reacting lignite with nitrogen has created a new soil amendment to improve nutrient retention, water storage, and the vitality of the microbiome. While the greatest benefits were expected in sandy soils, it turns out that a small percentage of clay like what would be found in a sandy loam, creates a beneficial interaction. One long-term trial of Novihum found that after 17 years, 90 percent of the original application was still in the soil. References: 53: Producing Compost and Carbon Sequestration (Podcast) 72: Soil Microbes and Nutrient Availability (Podcast) Could Agriculture Bloom in the Desert? Qatar Works to Invent an Innovative Oasis (Video) Novihum.com Novihum Academic and Field Trials Sahara Forest Project Grows Food, And Biofuel SIP Certified Technical University of Dresden Virginial Corless | [email protected] Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Bruce Reisch Professor of Grapevine Breeding and Genetics at Cornell University, specialized in the development of new wine and table grape varieties, as well as new grape breeding techniques. New winegrape varieties need a market niche whether that be versatility, sustainability, disease resistance, climate resilience, or productivity. These traits are achieved with hybrids. Of the more than 60 grape species available, most of the grapes we are familiar with come from European vitis vinifera. Unfortunately, this species offers little disease resistance, but other species have better sources. Developing new hybrids is a 15 to 25 year selection process looking at all attributes from berry size to wine quality plus lengthy trials. Today there is a high acceptance of hybrids and some new ones are even being used in varietal wines. References: Bruce Reisch, Professor of Grapevine Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University Cornell-Geneva Grapevine Breeding and Genetics Program Grape Selections from the VitisGen and VitisGen2 Projects SIP Certified Twitter @reischnewyork VitisGen2 Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

While wineries can maintain business operations during COVID-19, day to day operations look much different than they did the first few months of 2020. Hear how three wineries are adapting to their new way of doing business. Nathan Carlson, General Manager and Winemaker of Center of Effort Wines shares how they are discovering opportunities and better way to do business from saving on travel with telecommuting distributor presentation to connecting face to face with club members across the nation for the first time through virtual tastings. Dieter Cronje, Winemaker at Presqu'ile explains the challenges and decreased efficiency of bottling with a smaller crew, plus how they are planning to reopen their tasting room. Molly Bohlman, Winemaker at Niner Wine Estates explains how they are making team decisions to ensure their entire staff feels safe plus how they are rearranging schedules to maintain social distancing. These interviews were recorded mid May 2020. Best practices continue to evolve, so please review your local best practices for the latest information. References: 7/15 Strategizing Social Media in 2020 Webinar An Opportunity for Innovation: State of the US Wine Industry | Rob Macmillan Center of Effort Wines Governor Newsom Announces California Winery Tasting Room Reopenings Niner Wine Estates Presqu'ile Resources Regarding Coronavirus and COVID-19 SIP Certified Wine Institute Corona Virus Update Wine Marketing Series (Podcast) Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Paul Mabray, CEO of Emetry is helping wine brands make more effective sales and marketing decisions with data. He finds that wineries focus too heavily on finding new customers when they should put effort into retaining the ones they already have. The days of COVID-19 have shed a spotlight on the brittle tasting room model. Wineries ask customers to travel to them, sometimes at great distances, outlaying significant costs. It is inefficient and now is the time to bolster online presence. Consumers, familiar with shopping at retailers like Amazon, have a large expectation for online purchases. The wine industry needs to meet or exceed those expectations. Historically, the wine industry had followed, not lead trends. Today there is no standout winery with an online presence. This creates a huge opportunity for brands to create and to become the next Warby Parker of wine. References: 7/15/20 Strategizing Social Media in 2020 Webinar 81: Marketing Wine in a Pandemic | Rob McMillan (podcast) 82: Getting to Know Your Wine Customer | Brandy Moody (podcast) Chardonnay Trends | Emetry Blog Emetry Insights for Successful Consumer Wine Sales Videocast Deploying Staff when your Tasting Room is Closed | Emetry Blog SIP Certified Self-Assessment Twitter | Paul Mabray US Wine Market: Six Consumer Groups Wine Customer Segments and How to Talk SIP with Them Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

As far back as 4000 years ago, man and falcon cooperated to the benefit of both. Today, they are used in the vineyard, other agricultural crops, resorts and landfills for sustainable bird abatement. Beginning at version, grapes become a very attractive food for pest birds, particularly Sparrows and Starlings. Initially the vineyard is explored by small flocks of scouting birds. If those birds like the fruit, and if there is no obvious danger, the entire flock will follow. Falcons terrify pest birds, herding them away from the grapes, but not killing them. Jake Messinger, Master Falconer and Bird Abatement Specialist, explains how each falcon species has their own talent. Falconers match the birds with the areas needs to deter pest bird species. References: 58: Barn Owls (podcast) Airstrike Bird Control Barn Owl Nesting Box Fact Sheet Crops and Barn Owls Falconry Training and Technique Jake Messinger | [email protected] SIP Certified Self-Assessment Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Sustainability and certification are viewed as a "quality enhancement". In the currently overly supplied market, sustainability is an advantage. A premium can be getting $200 to $300 more per ton of grapes in a good market or it can mean selling grapes when no one else can in a weak market. Gregg Hibbits, General Manager at Mesa Vineyard Management explains how their dedication to sustainability for over 30 years has drawn like-minded customers to their organization. Their clients large and small, from Santa Barbara to Oregon, seek certification for different reasons: owners wanting to certify their own wine brand; larger brands looking to purchase certified fruit; and investment holdings wanting to report sustainability to their holders. Gregg believes that authenticity around how they farm, what they deliver, and how they take care of the people and the planet will payoff in long term. References: 5.21.20 Getting to Know Your Customer Webinar 82: Getting to Know Your Wine Customer (Podcast) 81: Marketing Wine in a Pandemic | Rob McMillan (Podcast) 76: Regulations that will Affect Your Wine Business this Year (Podcast) 65: Winegrape Brokering and Todays Grape Market (Podcast) A Practical Guide to Developing a Commercial Wine Vineyard Mesa Vineyard Management SIP Certified Self-Assessment State of the Industry Wine Report 2020 | Rob McMillan Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Brandi Moody explains that to develop a strong marketing strategy you need to know your consumer segments, learn about them, see what they like, and market to them where they are. Brandi is an experienced marketer with a keen sense of burgeoning trends, consumer insights, and brand storytelling. With the onset of COVID-19, social distancing and shelter in place, we are in the midst of a "cultural reset" that is changing how consumers ingest media and purchase products. Wine brands can take this time to learn what their consumer is doing online to develop promotional strategies for online content and sales incentives. For over twelve years Brandi worked on international market research projects for a range of companies in the alcohol, grocery store, personal care, action sports, hospitality, food, and beverage industries including Bacardi, ESPN, Bath and Body Works, Coca Cola and Dannon. Following her years deeply entrenched in the research and consumer insights world, Brandi pivoted to the wine industry as a marketing, communications, and events director. After gaining invaluable acumen in this arena, she transitioned to the legal cannabis space working for a vertically integrated cannabis company developing customer personas, overseeing content creation, tracking industry trends, and responding to a rapidly developing market. She is a co-host on the podcast Rec'd which takes a closer look at what post-legal cannabis looks like in California. Brandi is the co-founder of Saage Insights, a research firm dedicated to future-proofing businesses and creating tailored research projects and strategies to understand the ever-evolving consumer. References: 5.21.20 Getting to Know Your Customer Webinar 81: Marketing Wine in a Pandemic | Rob McMillan Brandi Moody Communicating Ingredients - What's in that SIP? Crisis Management for Wine Country | Rob McMillan Insights for Successful Consumer Wine Sales Videocast Rec'd Podcast SIP Certified Self-Assessment State of the Industry Wine Report 2020 | Rob McMillan US Wine Market: Six Consumer Groups Wine Customer Segments and How to Talk SIP with Them Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

The average winery sells 30 percent of their wines out of the tasting room plus another 20 percent to restaurants. That means 40 to 60 of annual sales are impacted by COVID-19 with closed tasting rooms and take out only restaurants IF shelter in place were to continue all year. But, Rob McMillan, VP and Founder of the Silicon Valley Bank Wine doubts that will be the case. We were already experiencing a market correction before COVID-19, so what can wineries do now and in the future to connect with their consumers and sell wines? For production; preserve cash, work with vendors and employees to cut costs, and push bottling out. For marketing, start a phone campaign with your customers, offer drive through pickups or deliveries, and use this time as an opportunity to cross train your team. The good news is people drink wine. During prohibition alcohol consumption actually increased. It is time to get creative; meet your consumers where they are. Figure out new DTC tactics via digital channels. Market to the health-conscious consumer by talking about ingredients, calories, values, and sustainable practices. Previous market corrections have ended with an increase in demand. Today's wineries need to get to the other side of this slump prepared with new marketing campaigns to connect to their consumers. References: Communicating Ingredients - What's in that SIP? Crisis Management for Wine Country | Rob McMillan Insights for Successful Consumer Wine Sales Videocast Rob McMillan SIP Certified Self-Assessment SIP Smart | April 22 State of the Industry Wine Report 2020 | Rob McMillan SVB on Wine SIP with a Somm | April 7 Wine Customer Segments and How to Talk SIP with Them Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Dr. Michelle Moyer, Assistant Professor and Statewide Viticulture Extension Specialist at Washington State University uses the age old fairytale of Goldilocks and the Three Bears to explain powdery mildew. Like Goldilocks, powdery mildew likes the weather conditions to be just right. Dr. Moyer explains these ideal conditions and two key ways to avoid disease in your vineyard by making things "not right". References: 1: Bunch Rot with Larry Bettiga (podcast) 57: Wet Climate Viticulture | Fritz Westover (podcast) 79: Grapevine Fungal Diseases Coincidence of maximum severity of powdery mildew on grape leaves and the carbohydrate sink-to-source transition Gubler-Thomas Model PMapp: A Mobile App for Assessing Grape Powdery Mildew UC Davis Powdery Mildew Model UC Pest Management Guidelines Listen to the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Wayne Wilxox, Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology at Cornell University, spent his career on the applied biology and integrated management of grapevine fungal diseases. Wayne looks at berry susceptibility changes throughout the season to determine when control programs need to be maximized. Ultimately, his applied research sought to discover what makes a "disease tick" and use that knowledge to learn how to better target the disease. References: 47: Fungicide Resistance in the Vineyard | Walt Mahaffee (podcast) 54: Growing Grapes on Two Coasts | Mark Chien (podcast) 57: Wet Climate Viticulture | Frits Westover (podcast) Coincidence of maximum severity of powdery mildew on grape leaves and the carbohydrate sink-to-source transition Gubler-Thomas Model PMapp: A Mobile App for Assessing Grape Powdery Mildew Researchon sulfur on grapes – American society of vit SIP Certified Self-Assessment Tailgate: Managing Vine Mealybug in an Era of Leafroll Wayne Wilcox Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

Grape vine trunk diseases are prevalent in mature vineyards, shortening the vineyard's life and productivity. Akif Eskalen, Cooperative Extension Specialist and Plant Pathologist at the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of California Davis, is researching naturally occurring microorganisms to use as biocontrol against these fungal pathogens. Antagonistic microorganisms already live in the plant tissue without causing damage to the plant but may become depleted. Akif and his team working to deliver beneficial bacteria back into the plant both at the nursery and in established vineyards. There is evidence that these beneficial microorganism not only increase the plants defense mechanism, but also improves the health of the plant and potentially increases yield. References: 2: The Goldilocks Principle & Powdery Mildew Management (podcast) 47: Fungicide Resistance in the Vineyard (podcast) Eskalen Lab "Eutypa" A.K.A. Grapevine Trunk Disease Gubler-Thomas Model Managing Trunk Diseases During Vineyard Establishment with Dr. Kendra Baumgartner PMapp: A Mobile App for Assessing Grape Powdery Mildew SIP Certified Self-Assessment SIP for Scholars Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.

One decade ago, amidst a limited labor supply and growing New Zealand wine industry, Klima co-founders Marcus Wichkam and Nigel George set out to solve their own labor issues with mechanization. By developing a highly efficient vineyard pruning system they have removed the physically demanding portion of the job opening the opportunity to employ fewer, more highly skilled tradesworkers to perform cane selection. This mechanization has enhanced consistency, improved quality, and, with a 50 percent reduction in labor required for pruning, significantly lowered costs. References: 22: Farm Labor Shortage (podcast) Immigration and Farm Labor with Dr. Phillip Martin (video) Klima.co.nz Klima Gen 2 (video) Klima Unified Wine & Grape 2020 booth B827 Mechanical Pruning | Vineyard Team Tailgate (video) SIP Certified Self-Assessment 2/26/20: Grower Perspectives on Redevelopment: Materials, Redesign, Equipment (event) Get More Subscribe on Google Play, iHeartRADIO, iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, or wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.