RBN Energy Blogcast

Dangote eyes a massive expansion but still struggles to reach capacity. Dos Bocas faces steeper hurdles. New refineries worldwide keep hitting the wall as bold plans collide with tough execution.

The permitting process for carbon-capture projects is, in some ways, like navigating Houston’s notorious rush-hour traffic — if everyone tries to move at once, gridlock can quickly ensue. That’s true at both the federal level, where the EPA has more sequestration wells under review than ever before, and at the state level, where Louisiana just hit the pause button on its reviews. In today’s RBN blog, we look at how increased interest in carbon capture has exacerbated the permitting backlog.

The global petrochemical is currently experiencing a downturn, and this is showing up in earnings. These companies are reacting with cost reductions and capacity rationalizations.

A few days ago, HF Sinclair joined ONEOK, Phillips 66 and Kinder Morgan in planning pipeline projects to move more refined products to Western markets. It’s too soon to say how many of these projects will come to fruition, but what’s certain is that the effort to transport large volumes of products west from PADDs 2, 3 and 4 will significantly impact refinery economics across vast swaths of the U.S. In today’s RBN blog, we‘ll discuss the pipeline projects and how they will affect market dynamics.

There’s been a lull in midstream M&A activity the past few months, but several companies in that space have been making significant adjustments to their portfolios, either by acquiring assets from others or selling ownership interests in their own businesses. There’s also been a lot of buzz about major deals that may be in the works. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss a few of the more interesting midstream transactions and what’s spurring them, and also look at the general state of the midstream sector.

More propane production. More exports. More inventories. The U.S. propane market, already oversupplied, is becoming even more so, putting additional downward pressure on prices. At the same time, surging demand from LNG exports and gas-fired power generation is pushing natural gas prices higher. Electricity prices are climbing too, further tilting the scales in propane’s favor. The big question is, will these shifting fuel-price relationships move the needle on retail propane demand.

Out of the blue, Plains All American has scooped up 100% of the EPIC Crude Pipeline. Plains had previously announced an agreement to buy a 55% stake in the Permian-to-Corpus-Christi pipeline from Diamondback Energy and Kinetik Holdings, and on November 5, it said it had closed on a deal to buy the other 45% from Ares Management. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss what the acquisition means for Plains, as well as a possible expansion of EPIC and the planned rebranding of the pipe.

Two Denver-based E&Ps that each started out small but quickly expanded through a series of acquisitions will now combine to form one of the nation’s larger crude-oil-focused producers. With the planned merger of SM Energy and Civitas Resources, the pro forma company will be a significant player in the Permian, South Texas, the Denver-Julesburg and the Uinta. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss the planned combination and the E&Ps’ rationale for it.

The liquids pipeline rate index, which the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission uses to adjust the rates charged to shippers on the crude oil, refined products and NGL pipelines it regulates, is the most important rulemaking proceeding for interstate oil pipelines. In today’s RBN blog, we take a deeper dive into the rate index, the disruptions caused by recent attempts to adjust it mid-cycle, and how delays in the review process could cause problems down the road.

The Trump administration has been easing regulations, accelerating project approvals, and proclaiming its undying support for the oil and gas industry. But much of the oil patch is in the doldrums. Crude oil prices are stuck in the low $60s/bbl, upstream capex and oilfield activity are down, and some U.S. producers are struggling. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss the contrast between what the industry had hoped 2025 would bring and how things stand now.

Energy Transfer has built one of the largest crude oil midstream portfolios in the U.S., yet one of its most important assets — the West Texas Gulf Pipeline — often flies under the radar. The 72-years-young line is still a workhorse, moving crude from the Permian Basin to Longview and Nederland, TX, where it feeds into Energy Transfer’s massive Gulf Coast export hub. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll look at West Texas Gulf and how it fits into Energy Transfer’s broader midstream strategy.

The eight-year legal clash over the coveted CITGO refinery assets just took another unexpected turn, leaving the potential sale up in the air. The winner of the auction for CITGO’s three large U.S. refineries, related pipelines and terminal assets remains uncertain as the auction faces additional legal hurdles. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll dive into the latest in the court case and what it could mean for the three refineries involved, which have a combined capacity of more than 800 Mb/d.

This past spring — 10 years after Williams Cos. first proposed the Northeast Supply Enhancement Project and one year after it scrapped plans for it — the effort to add 400 MMcf/d of natural gas pipeline capacity into New York City was revived. Since then, FERC has re-approved the project and regulators in New York and New Jersey have been mulling over whether to issue water-quality permits. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss Williams’s renewed push to get NESE permitted and built.

A bullish long-term outlook for rising natural gas demand and pricing has partially mitigated the current deep concerns about the steep erosion of oil prices. However, short-term gas pricing has proven very volatile, as the near-month NYMEX price has yo-yoed dramatically in October and the Energy Information Administration recently cut its January forecast. In today’s RBN blog, we present a new metric that calculates the gas price sensitivity of major U.S. producers.

For more than 30 years, Henry Hub in Louisiana has anchored natural gas pricing in the Lower 48. But in the past 10 years, its role has shifted in profound ways. It has gone from a domestic benchmark pricing location for a vibrant Gulf Coast producing region to a demand-driven market and an index for U.S. LNG exports. In today’s RBN blog, we look at how Henry Hub became so integral to the workings of the emerging LNG market, both in the U.S. and globally. 

Several large-scale LNG export projects have reached a final investment decision this year along the U.S. Gulf Coast, with most expected to start up between 2029 and 2031. They will be supported by new pipeline capacity to deliver natural gas from producing areas, but how and where will production increase to meet this new demand? In today’s RBN blog, we detail the movement of gas throughout Texas and Louisiana and highlight the key findings in the newest edition of our Arrow Model.

E&Ps and oilfield service companies are constantly chasing the latest techniques to extract oil and gas faster and easier. Hydraulic fracturing was, of course, a game-changer, but now producers are using simultaneous fracking and even triple fracking, relatively newer approaches that use more resources but boost efficiency. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll break down these strategies, explore when they make sense for operators, and highlight the biggest challenges. 

Less than two months after ONEOK unveiled plans for a big new refined products pipeline from El Paso to the Phoenix area, Phillips 66 and Kinder Morgan have jointly proposed an even more extensive project of their own: the Western Gateway Pipeline — now the focus of a binding open season — would enable flows from the St. Louis area to Southern California. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss the project and what’s driving the race to move more refined products west from PADDs 2 and 3 to PADD 5.

Keeping up with all the natural-gas-related infrastructure under development along the Gulf Coast is a full-time job. New gas pipelines out of the Permian and the Haynesville. New LNG export terminals from Brownsville, TX, to Plaquemines Parish, LA. And don’t forget new gas storage capacity — that slice of the midstream sector is in the midst of its biggest boom in decades. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll finish our review of the latest round of Gulf Coast storage projects.

A tsunami of natural gas storage projects has been building along the Gulf Coast, most of them aimed at meeting the growing demand for flexible, responsive storage capacity near new LNG export terminals and gas-fired power plants. And the magnitude of that wave keeps growing. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll begin a new mini-series in which we update the storage projects we discussed in a number of posts last year and describe the additional projects that have come to light since then.

Neither midstream companies nor the folks who run them can be put into neat and simple categories. Each is unique. At the same time, however, there’s no doubt that some midstreamers take a more aggressive approach to developing projects, while others are more cautious. Each approach comes with risks: on one hand, the possibility of anticipating demand that doesn’t materialize; on the other, the risk of missed opportunities. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss the strategies of five leading midstreamers.

The Trump administration promised to put wind in the sails of the fossil fuels industry, but the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has failed to resolve a key issue regarding the liquids pipeline rate index, under which the commission adjusts the rates charged to shippers on FERC-regulated crude oil, refined products and NGL pipelines. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll review the recent history of the rate index, why it moved sharply higher (and then lower) in recent years, and what lies ahead.

ARM Energy Holdings has reached a final investment decision for the 2.5-Bcf/d Mustang Express Pipeline, which will support Sempra Infrastructure’s Port Arthur LNG Phase 2, the latest of several major LNG projects in the Sabine River area to reach FID. The pipeline is intended to act as a regional header system with a route designed to offer maximum optionality and connectivity. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss what the pipeline could mean for regional gas flows.

Kinder Morgan’s ongoing conversion of the Double H Pipeline to NGL service is only part of a larger plan by the midstream giant to move Bakken-sourced Y-grade from North Dakota to fractionation centers in Kansas and Texas. The Double H, which until recently transported crude oil, runs only to eastern Wyoming, so how will NGLs on the pipeline — renamed Hiland Express — get from there to Conway, KS; Mont Belvieu, TX; and maybe Sweeny, TX, too? In today’s RBN blog, we discuss the possibilities.

Crude oil price erosion over the past two years has resulted in declining earnings and cash flows for E&Ps, many of which have struggled to sustain their generous shareholder return program. Now, the EIA is forecasting a 26% plunge in the average 2026 price for WTI, to only $47.77/bbl. That portends steep cuts in capex and dividends for oil-focused producers. In today’s RBN blog, we calculate the oil price sensitivity of the 39 E&Ps we monitor and analyze their ability to weather the price dip.

These are challenging times in the oil patch. Crude oil prices continue to sag. E&Ps are trimming their capex, share buybacks, and staff. Some worry that production may be peaking. And yet, upstream M&A activity continues unabated as producers seek to gain scale, expand into new plays — or double down on old ones — and replenish their inventory of top-tier well sites. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss four of the biggest deals announced in the past few weeks.

A fire swept through Chevron’s El Segundo, CA, refinery on October 2, upsetting production of gasoline, jet fuel and diesel. The incident raised fresh concerns about higher prices and highlighted the fragility of the state’s refining network, already challenged by years of weak margins, rising regulatory compliance costs and softening gasoline demand. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss the immediate impact of the fire and the long-term outlook for California’s refining sector.

The most significant operating expense for energy pipelines is the power needed for pumps and compressors. So, when gas and power prices surge as a result of inclement weather, it can be costly for pipelines. To address that risk, many midstream companies have enrolled in demand-response programs with power providers, where they agree to temporarily cut back some assets. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss the strategies that pipelines are using to boost their operations and lower costs.

While several larger midstream companies were focused on building conventional gas gathering and processing infrastructure in the Southern Delaware Basin, a handful of mostly smaller midstreamers were focusing on the Permian’s next challenge: developing systems in the Northern Delaware to gather and treat associated gas with high H2S and CO2 content. In today’s RBN blog, we continue our look at the region’s sour-gas-related assets with a review of what a few of these companies have assembled.

U.S. Gulf Coast ethane exports were up sharply in September thanks to the startup of new export terminals in Texas. The surge in export volumes contributed to an 8% increase in ethane prices between July and September and a similar jump in the ratio between ethane and natural gas. In today’s RBN blog, we look at how the recent additions to export capacity have impacted prices and review the basics of ethane economics. 

The midstreamers that built out and/or acquired the sour gas treatment facilities, acid gas injection wells and other assets E&Ps need to exploit the Northern Delaware Basin’s crude-oil-saturated rock are sittin’ pretty. Put simply, they anticipated what is now a race to “Drill, baby, drill!” in Lea County, NM, where the IP rates for crude are high but so are the H2S and CO2 content in the associated gas. In today’s RBN blog, we look at Targa’s, Enterprise’s and MPLX’s sour-gas-related assets.

In the early 2000s, prices for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) were becoming increasingly disconnected from global fundamentals. WTI reflected conditions in the Midcontinent at the Cushing, OK, crude oil storage hub, where bottlenecks repeatedly distorted its value. In today’s RBN blog, we look at how the problem contributed to the creation of the Argus Sour Crude Index (ASCI) 16 years ago, how the index has evolved and whether it remains relevant today. 

After setting an annual record of 4.1 MMb/d in 2024, U.S. crude exports started off this year relatively strong, but cracks soon began to show, with volumes falling all the way to 3.2 MMb/d in July, one of the weakest months since 2023. But just when it seemed the momentum was gone, Gulf Coast exports rebounded to near 3.9 MMb/d in August and are topping 4.1 MMb/d so far in September. In today’s RBN blog, we look at how shifts in production, imports and refinery runs have impacted U.S. crude exports. 

More than 70 new data centers are under development in Virginia, which is already the world’s leading hub for the massive, high-tech facilities. But given the rapid pace of the buildout and the challenges that come with it, it’s probably no surprise that not everyone in the Old Dominion State is as enthusiastic about data centers as they once were. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll look at some of the biggest data centers in the works and discuss their path forward. 

It’s well understood today that the U.S. natural gas market turned from potential domestic shortages to major LNG exports thanks to the Shale Revolution. What is not so well remembered is that the dramatic shift in the U.S. gas market wasn’t widely understood at the time and took several years to be accepted by the energy industry. In today’s RBN blog, we turn our attention to the beginnings of the Shale Revolution and how it allowed the U.S. to evolve into the world’s largest LNG exporter. 

Before data centers were the hot topic everywhere, Virginia was already rolling out the red carpet and it seemed that tech firms were constructing facilities as fast as humanly possible, drawn by the state’s robust fiber-optic network and low power prices. But while other states are racing to catch up, Virginia may be hitting the brakes. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll look at what makes Virginia so “sweet” for data center developers, their impact on the state, and efforts by some to slow progress. 

The popularity of weather derivatives has ebbed and flowed since their introduction in the late 1990s but trading activity has rebounded in recent years as the trading community has increasingly begun to reassess the need to hedge weather-related risks — everything from high temperatures and rainfall levels to power prices and cooling demand. In today’s RBN blog, we examine the role of weather derivatives, how they are used to hedge risk, and why they may be becoming increasingly important to the energy industry. 

Natural gas prices at the Waha hub in West Texas plunged below zero again recently after force majeure and maintenance events across multiple pipelines left Permian producers scrambling to move their gas out. Persistent congestion will remain a big headache this fall and likely again in the spring, before the new Blackcomb and Hugh Brinson pipelines come online in 2026. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll highlight the importance of gas-flow analysis and pipeline modeling to preview our upcoming Natural Gas Master Class, which features real-world examples from today’s market, including a look at recent negative pricing in the Permian and Appalachian outflows on Mountain Valley Pipeline (MVP). 

Ten years ago, U.S. exports of natural gas in the form of LNG were a footnote in the market. But that all changed in 2016. In February of that year, the first shipment of LNG from the Lower 48 states set sail when the vessel Asia Vision departed from Cheniere Energy's Sabine Pass export terminal in Louisiana. This was the culmination of a remarkable turnaround, not only at Sabine Pass, but for the U.S. natural gas market as a whole. Eight years earlier, Sabine Pass had been completed as an import terminal, as it was projected that the U.S. would face significant shortages of natural gas supplies. Shale turned that business model on its head. 

Data center mania is sweeping across the U.S., grabbing headlines and spurring investor interest. It has now reached Louisiana, where Meta is building one of the largest developments in the Western Hemisphere. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll look at two gigantic projects planned for Louisiana, the early challenges the Bayou State faced in luring developers, and why it may now be a strong contender to emerge as a major Southern data center hub after a relatively slow start. 

The numbers out of Eddy and Lea counties in southeastern New Mexico are nothing short of staggering. Crude oil production at 2.3 MMb/d, or one-sixth of total U.S. output. Natural gas production north of 9 Bcf/d and rising fast. More than 90 active rigs — again, one-sixth of the U.S. total. Many top E&Ps are stoked about the Northern Delaware Basin because of its stacked benches of high-quality, crude-saturated shale and carbonate formations. But much of the associated gas emerging from wells in Lea County is “off-spec” — tainted by levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that need to be dealt with — and producers and midstreamers have been scrambling to develop the sour-gas-related infrastructure required to support production growth. In today’s RBN blog, we begin a detailed look at the Northern Delaware’s existing and planned infrastructure for handling sour gas, including special gas gathering systems, amine treatment facilities, acid gas injection (AGI) wells, sweet gas pipelines and processing plants. 

The last three years have seen historic changes in the U.S. octane market. The wholesale value of octane, the primary yardstick of gasoline quality and price, spiked threefold in 2022, followed by another year of high values in 2023. The numbers for 2024 and (so far) 2025 have been more stable, but still historically high. In today’s RBN blog, we look at why retail octane values have risen so high and why refiners have been capturing only a small share of the corresponding increase. 

Although Labor Day has passed, most of the country is still enjoying balmy and relatively tranquil weather as we approach the onset of fall. However, a decline in crude oil prices since a mid-June peak has induced a profound chill in the boardrooms of oil and gas producers. Investors are becoming increasingly nervous as the crude spot price approaches $60/bbl, a widely accepted inflection point that, if breached, could threaten the post-pandemic financial stability the industry has enjoyed. In today’s RBN blog, we review the midyear adjustments to 2025 capital budgets and explore investment trends that could impact future production and results. 

This summer, like the spring, winter and fall that preceded it, has seen a lot of dealmaking among midstreamers. And not just M&A and divestitures by the folks who gather, transport and process hydrocarbons but a major acquisition — and a rare IPO! — in the produced water slice of the midstream pie. Apples and oranges, maybe, but there are two common themes, namely that bigger is better and that zeroing in on core areas is key. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss some of the most significant midstream deals of Q3 2025. 

The data center boom is sweeping across the country and Texas has garnered more proposals for new centers than almost any other state. If every planned project were to go forward, it would mean nearly 9 gigawatts (GW) of additional electricity demand, or just over 1 Bcf/d of natural gas. That’s enough to power the entire country of Switzerland. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll check out the biggest planned data centers across the Lone Star State and give a quick rundown on where things stand for each one. 

OPEC+ is ramping up production, WTI is hanging below $65/bbl, and Permian crude oil production growth has slowed to a crawl, raising the question of whether oil output in the U.S.’s #1 shale play might, in fact, be peaking. That’s making some folks on the NGL side of things a little skittish. They’re wondering what a leveling off — or an outright decline — in Permian crude production would mean for associated gas and the volumes of Y-grade being piped to Mont Belvieu and other fractionation hubs. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss a new model that forecasts Permian NGL production under a variety of scenarios. 

Oil and gas producers’ interest in each of the U.S.’s shale and tight-rock production areas has waxed and waned over the past quarter century or so. First it was the Barnett Shale, the birthplace of the Shale Revolution in the late 1990s. Then came the Fayetteville, Haynesville, Marcellus/Utica, Eagle Ford, Bakken, Permian, Denver-Julesburg (DJ) and SCOOP/STACK. And, as always, E&Ps are looking for “the next big thing.” The Uinta Basin in northeastern Utah certainly isn’t a Permian, Bakken or Eagle Ford, and it may not even be a DJ, but production of its unusual waxy crude has been on a tear lately, and a lot of people are asking how much further Uinta production can grow and how long those higher levels could continue. In today’s RBN blog, we discuss highlights from our new Drill Down Report on the Uinta. 

Merger activity this year has been frequent in Canada’s oil and gas sector as companies strive for scale and efficiencies in an increasingly competitive landscape. The latest M&A salvo arrived in late August when MEG Energy agreed to a takeover offer from Cenovus Energy to create the largest bitumen producer in Alberta’s oil sands. With billions of barrels of reserves up for development, it is a chance for Cenovus to further consolidate and expand its existing lead in bitumen output from the oil sands. However, what might seem a straightforward corporate merger has been buffeted by a rival bid from Strathcona Resources in its attempt to create scale and ensure its own long-term competitiveness. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll examine the details of the two offers and what is at stake for all involved. 

The refining industry is complex and unpredictable. Recent plant closures in the U.S. and abroad, as well as mounting pressure to produce more renewable diesel (RD) and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), have shifted the landscape. In addition, an eight-year battle over CITGO’s three U.S. refineries has taken a new direction. Despite these shifts, the refining industry has remained resilient. In today’s RBN blog, we’ll discuss how refineries balance these changes and make choices to shape their future, the focus of our upcoming Refined Fuels Master Class. Warning: Today’s blog is a blatant advertorial. 

North America is an integrated energy market so deeply connected that it functions as one massive, interdependent system for the three “drillbit hydrocarbons”: crude oil, natural gas and NGLs. But the rapid changes happening in the market now — driven not only by supply/demand dynamics and evolving infrastructure but also regulatory policies and political pressures — mean it’s more important than ever to talk about how the ongoing relationship between the U.S. and Canada will evolve and strengthen in the coming years. That was the focus of our School of Energy Canada and the subject of today’s RBN blog. Warning: Today’s blog includes some blatant plugs for a newly available replay of our recent conference in Calgary.