NightSide With Dan Rea

The Trump administration announced it has sunk a Venezuelan "Drug boat" in open seas. Was this a good idea? Was the action legal? Dan asked listeners what they thought of this move in the war on drugs.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The average ticket prices for NFL tickets have decreased slightly since last year, but they’re still pricey. Average ticket prices dropped from $289 to $272 this year. How expensive is too expensive for a ticket to a professional sporting event? We talked about some of the numbers of the most expensive tickets like the Eagles (Super Bowl Champs) selling tickets for $475 per game, and how that compares to current Patriots tickets.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

It’s the eve of Boston’s preliminary election and according to a new poll from Emerson College, incumbent mayor Michelle Wu is leading top rival Josh Kraft by 50 points. Wu drew 72 percent support from likely voters, compared with just 22 percent for Kraft. Two lesser-known candidates, Domingos DaRosa and Robert Cappucci, drew 2 percent and 1 percent. Who is your mayoral candidate and why? Spencer Kimball, the Executive Director of Emerson College polling joined us to discuss what the polls say.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We kicked off the program with four news stories and different guests on the stories we think you need to know about!Jeremy Piven coming to Boston, MA and performing at The Wilbur Theater on Friday, September 19 as a part of his ongoing National Stand-up Comedy Tour. Guest: Jeremy Piven – Hollywood actor & comedian Following Grandparents Day (Sept. 7th) A book called “GOOD GRANDPA: Stories from the Heart of Grandfatherhood” - a light-hearted, yet guideful how-to on how grandfathers, once background figures, are becoming emotional anchors in families, quietly transforming how love, wisdom, and legacy get passed down. Guest: Ted Page – Lexington-based NYT Profile writer & creator of the blog: The Good Grandpa The veteran suicide rate is 57% higher than the national average. Sept. 10 is World Suicide Prevention Day. What can be done to reduce the rate? Guest: Maj. Gen. Mark Graham - U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) Deputy Chief of Staff (ret.) & Executive Dir. Of Vets4Warriors Boston set to welcome a professional women’s soccer team, and fresh buzz around the city being in line for a WNBA franchise. Impact of Boston’s new women’s teams on the city’s sports scene, visibility, and fan base. Guest: Dina Gentile - Sport Science professor at Endicott College, and former collegiate women’s soccer coachSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

NightSide’s last hour of the week we like to keep it light and fun. This week Dan asked what have you wanted to do or go during the summer, but haven't yet.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Over the last couple of months, tragedy has struck two MA families unexpectedly. At the end of June, a UMass Amherst student who was interning in D.C. got caught up in a violent act as an innocent bystander who was murdered. Two teenagers have been charged with Eric Tarpinian-Jachym’s murder. Then, in August, a Shrewsbury father was murdered on his way home after dropping his 6-year-old son off at school. Kevin Doherty confronted a man he saw spray-painting graffiti, to which the two men got into a spat where the suspect pulled out a gun and shot Doherty, who tragically died from his injuries. We discussed the senseless acts of violence as of late, felt here in Massachusetts.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Earlier this week, we spoke with Global Partners about the feud over who received the 35-year multimillion-dollar contract to renovate and operate 18 service plazas along Massachusetts roadways. Applegreen, a company founded in Ireland, won the bid for the contract, much to Global Partner’s displeasure. Global tried legally challenging the decision with not much luck. Diana Prosciotta, a representative for Applegreen joined us to address the bidding feud and discussed their plan to restore and operate the 18 MA service plazas.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We kicked off the program with four news stories and different guests on the stories we think you need to know about!Only 37% of U.S. employees strongly agree they are treated with respect at work - a record-low level, according to Gallup. Here’s 5 ways to get more respect at work… Guest: Marcy Syms, social entrepreneur, former chair, & CEO of Syms Corp., philanthropist, and author of Leading with Respect: Adventures of an Off-Price Fashion Pioneer Winter Weather Forecast from The Old Farmer's Almanac! Guest: Sarah Perreault – Managing Editor of the Old Farmer’s Almanac 78-year-old defies the odds, becomes oldest police rookie in California history! Guest: John Myers – the 78-year-old police rookie & a Law Professor at UC Law San Francisco.The Angel Fund for ALS Research ALS will be hosting the Walk of Hope for ALS - TOMORROW, September 6th at Wakefield Lower Common in Wakefield. Guest: Ann Hadley with the Angel FundSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Back in 2020, Massachusetts agreed to pass a bill to create a committee to study and redesign the state seal. Now in 2025, Massachusetts has unveiled the finalists for the new state seal, flag, and motto. The state received more than 1,150 submissions. The three finalists for the state flag include one with a blue hill with six blue and white waves. Another with a simple blue background with the state flower, the mayflower and the third has a crimson background with six turkey feathers, representing Massachusetts as the sixth state to enter the union. Of the finalists, which would you choose and why?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Back in 2020, Massachusetts agreed to pass a bill to create a committee to study and redesign the state seal. Now in 2025, Massachusetts has unveiled the finalists for the new state seal, flag, and motto. The state received more than 1,150 submissions. The three finalists for the state flag include one with a blue hill with six blue and white waves. Another with a simple blue background with the state flower, the mayflower and the third has a crimson background with six turkey feathers, representing Massachusetts as the sixth state to enter the union. Of the finalists, which would you choose and why?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Boston mayoral candidate and philanthropist Josh Kraft joined us on NightSide as we inch closer to next week’s preliminary election. Despite a bit of a shakeup to Kraft’s campaign staff this week with two advisors mutually parting ways, Kraft says he remains focused on Tuesday the 9th. Kraft discussed Boston’s pressing issues took listeners' calls. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We kicked off the program with four news stories and different guests on the stories we think you need to know about!The first Black author to write a book on the Ku Klux Klan from in-person, face-to-face interviews with leaders and members, called The Klan Whisperer. Guest: Daryl Davis – civil rights activist, author, co-founder and Global Ambassador for the Prohuman Foundation. His new book, The Klan Whisperer, shares his courageous story, a lifetime of victories over darkness and ignorance You Got In! Now What?: 100 Insights into Finding Your Best Life in College! Guest: James (“Jay”) Hamilton - Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education and Hearst Professor of Communication at Stanford University Children’s Book: Elephant Beach Guest: Christine Devane – Author of children’s book, former elementary school teacher Local artist creates unique fish prints using the traditional Japanese method of printing fish, Gyotaku, a practice which dates back to the mid-1800s. We’ll talk about what the art form entails and the public interest in it. Guest: Joe Higgins – Owner of Joe's Fresh Fish PrintsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Does it feel like more people you know are struggling with a mental health condition? Maybe you’re struggling or the parent of a child who is struggling and not sure why or how to help. According to the CDC as well as the American Psychological Association, kid’s mental health is in crisis. What’s contributing to or causing rising mental health issues? Former New Hampshire Chief Justice John Broderick has now devoted his life to speaking to middle and high school kids about their mental health struggles. After speaking with thousands of kids across New England about the societal and cultural forces impacting their mental well-being, Judge Broderick along with Jeffrey Levin, a former middle school teacher, therapist and now life coach, joined us on NightSide to discuss what’s harming kids’ mental health and what can be done about it.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Does it feel like more people you know are struggling with a mental health condition? Maybe you’re struggling or the parent of a child who is struggling and not sure why or how to help. According to the CDC as well as the American Psychological Association, kid’s mental health is in crisis. What’s contributing to or causing rising mental health issues? Former New Hampshire Chief Justice John Broderick has now devoted his life to speaking to middle and high school kids about their mental health struggles. After speaking with thousands of kids across New England about the societal and cultural forces impacting their mental well-being, Judge Broderick along with Jeffrey Levin, a former middle school teacher, therapist and now life coach, joined us on NightSide to discuss what’s harming kids’ mental health and what can be done about it.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

There is an ongoing spat over the bidding procedure for a multimillion-dollar contract to renovate 18 service plazas along Massachusetts roadways. Waltham-based Global Partners LP, a fuel delivery company that currently runs the convenience stores at many of the plazas, lost the bid to Applegreen, a company founded in Ireland with an extensive presence along the Eastern Seaboard. Global Partners legally challenged MassDOT’s procurement, evaluation, and operator selection process. President and CEO of Global Partners, Eric Slifka joined us to discuss the latest in this spat.*Applegreen will join us on NightSide, this Friday evening to share their side of the feud*See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We kicked off the program with four news stories and different guests on the stories we think you need to know about!Comcast Supports Small Business Growth, Awarding 100 Grant Packages to Greater Boston Entrepreneurs –Highlighting how Comcast works 1 on 1 with businesses & how the Comcast RISE grant will help winners. Guests: Becca Fracassa - Director of Community Impact for Comcast’s New England Region & Winner: Rary from Rubato in Quincy, MA The Topsfield Fair to Host 7th annual hot dog eating contest! Guest: Marc Freedman – Runs the Hot dog eating contest Bug Farms! What are they and what do they do? Most are tasked with eating food waste, which in turn they’ll be crushed, dried and sold as an alternative form of protein powder! Guest: Nicolas Rivero – Washington Post Reporter King Richard’s Faire returns for their 44th season! This year at their new venue, the Edaville Entertainment Venue in Carver, MA. New England’s largest and longest-running Renaissance festival runs weekends August 30 - October 19, 2025. Guest: Aimée Sedley - King Richard’s Faire General Manager and ProducerSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We started with Caller's Choice, but the dominate topic became crime in U.S. cities, and the President's use of troops to assist law enforcement. Do you feel your area is safe? Would you like the National Guard to patrol your streets?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The long-awaited Market Basket mediation is set to take place this week in Delaware between CEO Arthur T Demoulas and his three sisters, who have all been feuding for months. What’s there to mediate? Amidst the ongoing family feud, the future of Market Basket is a key factor, according to many embroiled in the feud. The grocery chain has 90 stores in four states: MA, RI, NH, and ME. Are you hopeful that there will be a mutually successful resolution? What do you think the future of Market Basket will look like and are you at all concerned that prices would change?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Massachusetts Colonel Geoffrey Noble has been leading the MA State Police for nearly a year now and has taken on the large task of reshaping the force and restoring public trust after a series of scandals. After the overtime scandal, the firing of trooper Michael Proctor, and the tragic death of an academy recruit, it has not been an easy task. For the first-time fielding questions from the public, Col. Noble joined us on NightSide to discuss reform and took listener's calls!https://www.mass.gov/guides/cadet-programSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

After Escobar: Taking Down the Notorious Cali Godfathers and the Biggest Drug Cartel in History – Telling of This Story Guest: Jessica Balboni – Co-Author of the book – also a writer and editor Baseball in the Roaring Twenties: The Yankees, the Cardinals, and the Captivating 1926 Season Guest: Thomas Wolf - Author 9/11 Day National Day of Service and Remembrance - volunteers will pack almost 400,000 healthy, non-perishable meals for people experiencing food insecurity in the community. This event is the largest annual event benefiting The Greater Boston Food Bank (GBFB). Guest: Jay Winuk - co-founder and executive vice president of 9/11 Day, the nonprofit organization that annually organizes the September 11 National Day of Service and Remembrance. Which Are the Best Colleges for Your Tuition (and Tax) Dollars? Guest: Paul Glastris – Editor-In-Chief of Washington MonthlySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Morgan White Jr. filled in on NightSide:No, not the 1960 classic Western film starring Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen, but rather the magnificent seven WBZ Radio talk hosts from the 1960s and up! Morgan and Media Historian Donna Halper chatted about seven of WBZ’s greatest, such as Larry Glick, Dave Maynard, and David Brudnoy.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Morgan White Jr. filled in on NightSide:No, not the 1960 classic Western film starring Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen, but rather the magnificent seven WBZ Radio talk hosts from the 1960s and up! Morgan and Media Historian Donna Halper chatted about seven of WBZ’s greatest, such as Larry Glick, Dave Maynard, and David Brudnoy.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Morgan White Jr. filled in on NightSide:National park ranger and baseball historian Richard “Dixie” Tourangeau joined Morgan tonight to talk all-things baseball! The Boston Red Sox have 19 regular-season games remaining in the 2025 MLB season. Will the Red Sox make the playoffs this year?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Morgan White Jr. filled in on NightSide:Your eyes are one of your top sensory organs that feed your brain information about the world around you, so it’s important to protect them from damage and keep them healthy. Board Certified Ophthalmologist Dr. Chirag Shah joined Morgan to answer eye related questions! See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideBradley posed a question to the listening audience on whether honesty is really the best policy. Has being honest ever backfired on you and was it worth it?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSide:Continued conversation with Matt Rosen, CEO & Founder of Allata, a company that helps automate companies using AI. Discussion about the fine line between reality and fiction when it comes to public perception of AI and its future.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSide:Whether it’s examples of deepfakes or chatbots with negative messaging, the public has its concerns over the future of AI. Is there anything to be worried about? Where is the line between reality and fiction when it comes to what we can expect with future development and progression of artificial intelligence? Matt Rosen is the CEO & Founder of Allata, a company that helps automate companies using AI. Matt checked in to address the fine line between reality and fiction when it comes to public perception of AI and its future.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSide:Did you know there's an encrypted sculpture at CIA headquarters called “Kryptos?” The sculpture holds a special code that for 35 years codebreakers nor anyone has been able to break! Now the sculpture’s artist Jim Sanborn will auction off the solution on his 80th birthday through RR Auction. Bobby Livingston, executive vice president at RR Auction, joined Bradley to talk about not only the upcoming Kryptos auction but notable past and present auctions as well as some unique items that were up for sale.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideHave you ever had a paranormal experience? While some are skeptics, there are people who claim they’ve seen, felt or had a run in with a ghost. There is a whole industry dedicated to paranormal investigating. Charles Rosenay is a paranormal investigator with the ghost hunting team, The Shaman and the Showman and joined Bradley to discuss the upcoming Salem Paranormal Convention and took your calls sharing your paranormal encounters!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideHave you ever had a paranormal experience? While some are skeptics, there are people who claim they’ve seen, felt or had a run in with a ghost. There is a whole industry dedicated to paranormal investigating. Charles Rosenay is a paranormal investigator with the ghost hunting team, The Shaman and the Showman and joined Bradley to discuss the upcoming Salem Paranormal Convention and took your calls sharing your paranormal encounters!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideAs of January 31, 2026, annual car inspections will no longer be mandatory in the state of New Hampshire. Is this relief from the heavy hand of government or a public safety nightmare? Would you get your car inspected if you didn’t have to? Craig Fitzgerald, Automotive Editor with DCI Marketing, and former auto editor with Hemmings, The Boston Globe, and GateHouse Media, joined Bradley to discuss the pros and cons of New Hampshire’s decision to strike mandatory inspection as well as Waymo testing self-driving vehicles in Boston.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideAs of January 31, 2026, annual car inspections will no longer be mandatory in the state of New Hampshire. Is this relief from the heavy hand of government or a public safety nightmare? Would you get your car inspected if you didn’t have to? Craig Fitzgerald, Automotive Editor with DCI Marketing, and former auto editor with Hemmings, The Boston Globe, and GateHouse Media, joined Bradley to discuss the pros and cons of New Hampshire’s decision to strike mandatory inspection as well as Waymo testing self-driving vehicles in Boston.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideLast week Cracker Barrel, known for their restaurant and country store with a Southern, down-home draw, decided to change their long-time logo removing the “old timer” leaning on a barrel, to reflect just the name “Cracker Barrel” against a mustard yellow background. The change was met with such backlash that President Trump even chimed in criticizing the change. Flash forward Wednesday the company announced they will be resorting back to their original logo. Why did the company change the logo in the first place?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideLast week Cracker Barrel, known for their restaurant and country store with a Southern, down-home draw, decided to change their long-time logo removing the “old timer” leaning on a barrel, to reflect just the name “Cracker Barrel” against a mustard yellow background. The change was met with such backlash that President Trump even chimed in criticizing the change. Flash forward Wednesday the company announced they will be resorting back to their original logo. Why did the company change the logo in the first place? Scott Baradell, CEO of the marketing company Idea Grove, joined us to discuss the power of brand marketing and examples of companies that have changed their branding for better or worse!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideLyle and Erik Menendez were convicted of first-degree murder for killing their parents, José and Mary Louise "Kitty" Menendez, at their Beverly Hills home in 1989. The Menendez Brothers were sentenced to life in prison. Both brothers have long said they killed their parents because they feared for their lives, and that their father had sexually abused them both for years. Both Lyle and Erik were up for parole this August and much to their family’s displeasure, they were both denied parole for 3 years. Michael Coyne, the Dean of the MA School of Law discussed the Menendez Brothers’ case and get into the debate on whether life behind bars is worse than the death penalty.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideLyle and Erik Menendez were convicted of first-degree murder for killing their parents, José and Mary Louise "Kitty" Menendez, at their Beverly Hills home in 1989. The Menendez Brothers were sentenced to life in prison. Both brothers have long said they killed their parents because they feared for their lives, and that their father had sexually abused them both for years. Both Lyle and Erik were up for parole this August and much to their family’s displeasure, they were both denied parole for 3 years. Michael Coyne, the Dean of the MA School of Law discussed the Menendez Brothers’ case and get into the debate on whether life behind bars is worse than the death penalty.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideAre you a fan of horror movies? How about the macabre genre? This evening on NightSide, we were joined by a horror movie actor, Leah Voysey, who is known for her work in Terrifier 2, among other films. Leah discussed the world of horror entertainment and the cult following of horror fans who descend upon various conventions such as the upcoming Silver Scream Con.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideThe Cabot Theatre in Beverly was closed all summer long for extensive renovations to the theatre where they updated 850 all-new seats, interior remodeling, and a new marquee. Brian Ridolfo, the Executive Director of the Cabot Theatre, stopped by to talk about the latest updates as well as the theatre’s upcoming shows and concerts!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideThe American new wave band Devo really hit their stride and broke through to mainstream in the 1980s with hits like “Whip It” and “(I Can’t Get Me No) Satisfaction”. Bradley Jay is a longtime Devo fan, who saw them live in Boston and considers the show in his top ten best concerts of all time! Netflix just released a documentary on the band that explores the evolution of Devo. Mark Mothersbaugh, co-founder and member of Devo joined Bradley to discuss their successful career!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideWhile marijuana is legal in Massachusetts, it’s not legal everywhere across the United States. Studies show that there are some medicinal benefits of marijuana and many use marijuana to treat various ailments like depression and anxiety, epilepsy, chronic pain and more. Should cannabis be federally legal? Dr. Peter Grinspoon, a primary care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital as well as an instructor at Harvard Medical School has 25 years of experience specializing in cannabis medicine joined Bradley to talk about the pros and cons of cannabis.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideIt seems like every U.S. state has some outdated or downright weird laws that are surprisingly still on the books and Massachusetts is no exception. For example, did you know it’s illegal to put tomatoes in clam chowder? Or that it's illegal to give beer to a hospital patient unless it's prescribed by a doctor!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideWhat is a harbor pilot? A harbor pilot is a mariner responsible for the navigation and maneuvering of vessels, particularly in congested or challenging waters such as harbors, rivers, and canals. When a big container ship, cruise ship, or tanker comes into Boston Harbor, the law says that a licensed Boston Harbor pilot must guide the ship through the harbor. Somebody must get that pilot to the ship so they can bring it in or go pick the pilot up after they have gotten the ship out of the harbor. That's where the Boston Pilot boat captains come in. They deliver and retrieve the pilots. Captain Shawn Kelly of Boston Pilots joined Bradley to share the details of their high-risk life on the harbor.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideBiographer, critic, and musician Bill Janovitz detailed the formation, rise, and career of the hit band, The Cars in his book, “The Cars: Let The Stories Be Told.” Bill joined Bradley in studio to discuss the impact The Cars had on New Wave music and the musical, cultural, and commercial impact of the band.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideBiographer, critic, and musician Bill Janovitz detailed the formation, rise, and career of the hit band, The Cars in his book, “The Cars: Let The Stories Be Told.” Bill joined Bradley in studio to discuss the impact The Cars had on New Wave music and the musical, cultural, and commercial impact of the band.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideHave you ever wondered where some of the weird phrases we use originated from? For example, chances are you've heard the phrase, "over my dead body" or "riding shotgun". How about the term “hungover”? Why do we use such bizarre expressions or terms? Bradley discussed these phrases and terms and their origins! We also want to hear your example of an odd expression you might hear a lot!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideHave you ever wondered where some of the weird phrases we use originated from? For example, chances are you've heard the phrase, "over my dead body" or "riding shotgun". How about the term “hungover”? Why do we use such bizarre expressions or terms? Bradley discussed these phrases and terms and their origins! We also want to hear your example of an odd expression you might hear a lot!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideWhat general tricks do companies use to get you to purchase something or sign up for something you don't want? Kevin Brassler, the Executive Editor of Consumers’ Checkbook joined us to discuss consumer red flags. In addition, Kevin can give examples of throwing away money on services and items that, while marketed as useful, are bad buys as well as worthwhile services and products that you could get for free.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideWhat general tricks do companies use to get you to purchase something or sign up for something you don't want? Kevin Brassler, the Executive Editor of Consumers’ Checkbook joined us to discuss consumer red flags. In addition, Kevin can give examples of throwing away money on services and items that, while marketed as useful, are bad buys as well as worthwhile services and products that you could get for free.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideThe New York Times is telling the world and Bostonians alike what the top 25 restaurants in Boston are with their “Where to Eat: Boston” list. Are we going to listen to what NEW YORK has to say about our restaurants? What do real Bostonians think are the best restaurants in town?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Bradley Jay Fills in on NightSideWrestling is mankind’s oldest and most basic form of recreational combat, tracing its origins back to the dawn of civilization. The WWE has made international stars out of wrestlers like Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson, Hulk Hogan, local John Cena, and Killer Kowalski to name a few. Author and former host of the radio program Wrestle Radio, USA, joined us to talk about the evolution of pro wrestling!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.