Mayo Clinic Talks

Guest: Craig N. Sawchuk, Ph.D., L.P. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) It is quite common for individuals to go through periods where they feel somewhat sad and discouraged and often these mood changes tend to occur with the changes in seasons, especially during the winter months. In some cases, these mood changes become more serious and can result in depression. When people experience depressive episodes in the late fall and winter, this may represent Seasonal Affective Disorder. Our guest today is Craig N. Sawchuk, Ph.D., L.P., a psychologist in the Department of Psychiatry & Psychology at the Mayo Clinic. Our topic for this podcast is Seasonal Affective Disorder. We’ll discuss its frequency, how we can recognize it in our patients, and the available treatment options. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in January 2022 Guest: Matthew J. Binnicker, Ph.D. (@DrMattBinnicker) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Testing for COVID-19 is a part of the strategy to end the pandemic. But understanding testing — different types of tests and how and when to use them — can be confusing. Lab-run polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, tests and at-home antigen tests each have a role. "PCR tests are really sensitive, meaning we can detect really low levels of the virus in a sample," explains Dr. Matthew Binnicker, director of Clinical Virology at Mayo Clinic. "They're very specific, meaning we shouldn't get many false positive results with PCR tests." At-home antigen tests use a nasal swab and can produce results in 15 minutes, but they also have an increased chance of false-negative results, depending on when you test. "At-home rapid antigen tests look for a viral protein in the patient sample," says Dr. Binnicker. "So they're quick and easy, but they also have some important limitations." So if you're worried you might have COVID-19, what test should you take and when? On the Q&A podcast, Dr. Binnicker walks through various scenarios and makes testing recommendations for what to do if: You think you’ve been exposed but I don’t have symptoms. You have symptoms of COVID-19. You had COVID-19 and want to know if you're “in the clear” to return to work, school or activities.

Guest: Benjamin (Ben) D. Holmes, D.C., Ph.D. Host: Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. (@DrEdSportsMed) Low back pain is one of the most common conditions that physicians see in their practices. Studies indicate that, by the age of 50 years old, approximately 80% of people will experience low back pain in their lives. Joining us today is Benjamin D. Holmes, D.C., Ph.D. a practicing chiropractor and one of the spine specialists in the Mayo Clinic Spine Center. Dr. Holmes will discuss various treatment interventions for back pain, as well as misconceptions and assumptions regarding chiropractic treatment. Additional Resources: Foster, N. E., Anema, J. R., Cherkin, D., Chou, R., Cohen, S. P., Gross, D. P., ... & Woolf, A. (2018). Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions. The Lancet, 391(10137), 2368-2383. Bialosky, J. E., George, S. Z., Horn, M. E., Price, D. D., Staud, R., & Robinson, M. E. (2014). Spinal manipulative therapy–specific changes in pain sensitivity in individuals with low back pain (NCT01168999). The Journal of Pain, 15(2), 136-148. Cook, C., Learman, K., Showalter, C., Kabbaz, V., & O'Halloran, B. (2013). Early use of thrust manipulation versus non-thrust manipulation: a randomized clinical trial. Manual Therapy, 18(3), 191-198. Chou, R., Fu, R., Carrino, J. A., & Deyo, R. A. (2009). Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 373(9662), 463-472. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in January 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) With the highly transmissible omicron variant spread across the U.S., it may seem inevitable that most people will get infected with COVID-19. But Mayo Clinic experts explain why it is important to continue to be vigilant and take measures to avoid COVID-19 infection. "One of the many negatives about saying, 'Well, I'll just go ahead and get infected and get it over with' is you can spread the virus to highly vulnerable people," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "Parents, grandparents, people too young to be immunized, and people whose immune systems might not be working well are all at risk of more severe disease. While your case may be mild, theirs may not." Dr. Poland cautions that the sheer number of infections is stressing the health care system, and treatments for omicron are more limited than they were for the delta variant. "The role of testing and of getting boosted is critical to our response to this, and remember, even though you might have mild disease, every time this virus infects somebody, it is the opportunity for further mutation." says Dr. Poland. Vaccination, boosting and masking are all necessary to prevent the spread of omicron. "Your best chance of protecting yourself is to be fully vaccinated, wear a proper mask properly when in public, and to avoid crowded indoor settings," says Dr. Poland. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the omicron surge and answers listener questions. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Kristina M. Thurber, Pharm.D., R.Ph. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) There are a variety of outstanding pharmaceutical products we use to treat the multiple health problems our patients develop and every year, clinical research has provided us with new and improved therapeutic options. When we prescribe a medication to a patient, we generally assume they’ll take it exactly as prescribed. Unfortunately, that’s not necessarily true. Non-adherence to chronic medications is surprisingly common and can account for up to half of all treatment failures. Our guest for this podcast is Kristina M. Thurber, Pharm.D., R.Ph., a medication therapy pharmacist at the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss the prevalence of medication adherence, its causes, how we can recognize it in our patients and management strategies to improve adherence. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Ph.D., M.S. (@NKLeBRASSEUR) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) The effects of aging occur in all our organs. In muscles, there is a reduction in strength and stamina; the brain shows a decrease in cognitive function and the ability to learn new information. Aging causes a reduced ability of the liver to metabolize drugs and the kidney’s ability to eliminate various waste products. Our guest for this podcast is aging researcher Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Ph.D., M.S., the senior author of a study recently published in the journal “Aging Cell.” The authors described significant benefits from exercise on a cellular level which correlated with an improvement in physical changes related to aging. We’ll discuss cellular changes which occur with aging, the significance of senescent cells and how exercise can reduce the impact of aging on both a cellular level as well as clinically. Specific topics: The effects of aging on a cellular level Variability in the rate of aging in individuals Function of senescent cells Effects of exercise on senescent cells Clinical correlations resulting from the elimination of senescent cells Recommendations clinicians can give their patients to reduce the effects of aging

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in January 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) The rapid spread of COVID-19 due to the omicron variant continues, and experts expect a January surge across the U.S. "This is spreading unlike anything we've seen in the U.S.," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "Over the last seven days, we're now averaging about 400,000 or so new cases a day." While people who are fully vaccinated can get breakthrough infections and spread the virus to others, COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe illness. Mayo Clinic experts urge people to protect themselves by getting vaccinated and wearing a mask. Being fully vaccinated, including getting a booster when eligible, offers the highest protection possible against COVID-19. "The good news is, for those who are immunized and boosted, we are winning the battle," says Dr. Poland. "Getting immunized is basically a weapon against this virus." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the omicron surge and the importance of vaccines and boosters for COVID-19. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Andy Abril, M.D. (@andyabrilMD) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Temporal arteritis is a vasculitis involving medium-sized vessels and typically occurs in those over the age of 50. If diagnosed and treated early, there is an excellent likelihood of recovery. However, temporal arteritis often mimics other health problems and this commonly results in a delay in the diagnosis. If untreated, serious complications can occur, including permanent blindness or stroke. The topic for this podcast is temporal arteritis and our guest is Andy Abril, M.D., Chair of the Division of Rheumatology at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. We’ll discuss the risk factors, presenting symptoms and complications of temporal arteritis, as well as the recommendations for establishing a diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment. Specific topics discussed: Risk factors for temporal arteritis Presenting symptoms Complications of untreated temporal arteritis Extra-cranial artery involvement of patients with temporal arteritis Relationship of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica Laboratory abnormalities in temporal arteritis Importance of an early temporal artery biopsy in establishing a diagnosis Treatment recommendations Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Nutritional Supplement Edition Guest: Andrew R. Jagim, PhD Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) How can we tell if the claims made by nutritional supplement companies are factual? In this episode we'll discuss the research currently being done in this field and whether the research findings are valid. Finally, we’ll talk about regulation of nutritional supplements. Our guest for this podcast is Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D., the director of Sports Medicine research at the Mayo Clinic. Specific topics: Importance of a foundation of good nutrition and exercise related to the benefits of nutritional supplements Amount and quality of research being done on nutritional supplements Regulation of nutritional supplements How healthcare providers and consumers can judge the many claims made by manufactures of nutritional supplements

Guest: Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in both men and women. Survival rates depend on how early the cancer is discovered, with a survival rate much higher in localized disease than for patients with distant metastases. Therefore, an early diagnosis becomes extremely important. One of the problems with early diagnosis is that until recently, we’ve not had an effective screening test for lung cancer. In this podcast, we’ll be speaking with Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, M.D., an Interventional Pulmonologist from the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, and we’ll discuss proven techniques for lung cancer screening. Specific topics: Benefits in survival in finding lung cancer at an early stage Candidates for screening patients at an increased risk for lung cancer Evidence showing the benefits of lung cancer screening Differences in radiation for chest CT scans used for screening vs. a typical diagnostic chest CT scan Frequency of indeterminate pulmonary nodules found on chest CT Insurance and Medicare coverage for lung cancer screening Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Nutritional Supplement Edition Guests: Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D. Jakob R. Erickson, D.O. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) The care of athletes often requires special knowledge that many healthcare providers are less familiar with. Athletes may have somewhat unique health problems related to their endurance or strength training. They may also be taking a variety of nutritional supplements which could cause health issues. This case-based podcast covers a couple different examples of health issues experienced by athletes. Featured guests include Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D. and Jacob R. Erickson, D.O. from Sports Medicine at Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss some of the medical issues often faced by athletes. Specific topics: Iron-deficiency anemia Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Vitamin D deficiency and hypervitaminosis D Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Elizabeth A. Stewart, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Infertility can be related to health issues in the male, female or both. Whatever the reason, infertility can put a major strain on a couple’s relationship. To add to the stress, infertility often results in multiple exams, tests, injections and procedures for one or both of the couple. Fortunately, the cause of infertility can often be found and in some cases, treatment is effective, resulting in a successful pregnancy and birth. The topic of discussion for this podcast is infertility, specifically infertility in females. Our guest is Dr. Elizabeth (Ebbie) A. Stewart, a physician in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Endocrinology and Infertility. We’ll review the prevalence of infertility in females, males and both, risk factors for infertility, the most common causes of infertility and the evaluation a primary care provider can perform. Specific topics discussed: Definition of infertility Prevalence of infertility Risk factors for infertility Recommended evaluation by primary care providers Specialized evaluation performed by an infertility expert Common causes of infertility in females Success of infertility treatment Invitro fertilization as a treatment alternative to infertility including cost, success rate and risk of multiple births Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in December 2021 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) More Americans are now eligible for COVID-19 booster doses as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approved the Pfizer vaccine booster for 16- and 17-year-olds late last week. Previously, only those 18 and older were eligible. Early research suggests that a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine improves protection against severe disease caused by the omicron variant, according to Pfizer. Mayo Clinic experts say, regardless of the variant, prevention of infection works. Getting a booster offers the highest protection possible against COVID-19. "Omicron infection rates are picking up rapidly," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "If we do not take the proper precaution over the holiday, we are going to see a January omicron surge." Dr. Poland explains that there are two threats — delta and omicron COVID-19 variants — but there is a solution. "Masking and boosting — those are key to protecting yourself and your family." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest on COVID-19 variants and shares advice on how to stay safe this holiday season. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Nutritional Supplement Edition Guest: Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Are there supplements available that really assist with weight loss? How can you help your patients navigate the market? What is safe and what do they need to look out for? Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D., the director for Sports Medicine research at the Mayo Clinic, answers these questions in this episode. We discuss the importance of diet and exercise in weight loss and the benefits nutritional supplements may add. We also discuss some of the more common supplements promoted to enhance thermogenesis and weight loss as well as their proposed mechanism of action. Specific topics: Popular nutritional supplements for enhancing weight loss Accuracy of claims for nutritional supplements Importance of diet and exercise in producing significant weight loss Potential benefits of a nutritional supplement in addition to exercise and diet in producing significant weight loss Common supplements promoted to enhance weight loss

Guest: Robert M. Jacobson, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Preventing influenza is important for a variety of reasons. Influenza is not a benign illness. In recent years, it’s accounted for up to 700,000 hospitalizations and over 50,000 deaths annually. The vaccine not only saves lives but also helps prevent hospitalizations as well as the need for the ICU. The occupancy rates of both have been severely stressed due to COVID. Despite the fact that the vaccine has been shown to be effective in all age groups, a significant percent of the population do not receive it. This podcast will discuss the influenza vaccine, it’s overall effectiveness in preventing the illness, the optimal time of year to receive the vaccine and tips on how to increase the likelihood that our patients will agree to receive it. Our guest is Dr. Robert M. Jacobson, a pediatrician and immunization expert at the Mayo Clinic. Specific topics: Possible impact on the susceptibility or severity of influenza for the 2021/2022 season given there was such a reduction in influenza cases last year The time of year the vaccine for the current influenza season is released The optimal time of year to receive the influenza vaccine The effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing the illness The likelihood we’ll see testing for both COVID and influenza increase this winter Tips on increasing the number of patients who agree to receive the influenza vaccine Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in December 2021 Guest: Greg Vanichkachorn, M.D., M.P.H. (@DoctorGregVan) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Most people who have COVID-19 recover completely within a few weeks. But some people — even those who had mild versions of the disease — continue to experience symptoms after their initial recovery. Sometimes called “long haulers” or “long COVID," these patients can have fatigue, shortness of breath, brain fog and other symptoms long after the time of their infection. Post-COVID-19 syndrome conditions are generally considered to be effects of COVID-19 that persist for more than four weeks after you've been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. A recent Mayo Clinic study on post-COVID-19 symptoms found that more women than men suffer long-term effects. Women predominantly showed symptoms of fatigue, followed by muscle pain and low blood pressure, while men primarily experienced shortness of breath. Research is also underway to better understand what may be causing post-COVID-19 syndrome. "We do have some research now that shows that some of the cells that are used to create immunity after an infection, they may be malfunctioning in this condition in patients with long-haul COVID," says Dr. Greg Vanichkachorn, director of Mayo Clinic’s COVID Activity Rehabilitation Program. "We also now have some research that shows that patients with this condition can have antibodies against themselves, otherwise known as an auto-antibody. And this may be associated with the long-haul COVID state, so immune dysfunction and auto immunity, they may be at play here." The COVID Activity Rehabilitation Program at Mayo Clinic helps people experiencing post-COVID-19 syndrome by working with patients to decrease symptoms and improve overall functioning and quality of life. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Vanichkachorn discusses how treatment can help patients who suffer from post-COVID-19 syndrome. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Nutritional Supplement Edition Guest: Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Nutritional supplements are being promoted to enhance a variety of areas of physical fitness. This episode focuses on the impact on strength, power and overall performance. Our guest for this podcast is Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D., the director of Sports Medicine research at Mayo Clinic. Specific topics: Activities that benefit from increased strength and performance Lifestyle strategies used to enhance strength and performance Common nutritional supplements used to increase strength and performance Safety concerns regarding the use of nutritional supplements Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. (@DrEdSportsMed) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Arthritis is one of the most common health conditions our patients have for eliminating exercise from their daily routine, yet the American College of Rheumatology feels that exercise should be one of the mainstays of treatment for those with arthritis. How do we convince our patients of the importance of continued exercise despite their arthritis? Are some types of exercise better than others? Can exercise make their arthritis worse? We’ll discuss these questions with Dr. Edward R. Laskowski, a Sports Medicine physician from the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Mayo Clinic. Specific topics: Benefits of exercise in patients who have arthritis Exercises that patients with arthritis should avoid What patients should do if they have increased joint pain after exercising Joint-friendly exercises that can be done by most patients Importance of performing resistance as well as aerobic exercise Recommended frequency and duration of exercise Exercises for the was with inflammatory arthritis Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Can nutritional supplements help to increase exercise endurance? What types of supplements can help with short term – immediate improvements and which can assist with longer term recovery? Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D., director of Sports Medicine research at Mayo Clinic joins us to discuss some of the claims that we can hear about nutritional supplements promoted to prove one's endurance, increase exercise economy, and improve tolerance of high-intensity exercise. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in November, 2021 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Omicron, a new COVID-19 variant of concern, has been detected in all regions of the world, including North America. While research and clinical observations on the new strain are underway, it is not yet known what impact, if any, omicron will have on the immune response, transmissibility, or specific COVID-19 treatments. The emergence of omicron is a reminder to take important steps to protect yourself against COVID-19. "The answer is masking and boosters," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. Dr. Poland is encouraged by vaccine booster rates in the U.S. "In a relatively short period of time, about 36% of adults who are eligible have indeed gotten a booster," says Dr. Poland. "There's plenty of vaccine available. So in the strongest possible terms, I would recommend getting that booster." Adults who are six months past completing their initial Moderna or Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination series are eligible to receive a booster dose, as are adults who are two months past completing their initial dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the omicron variant and COVID-19 boosters, and he answers some listener questions. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Nutritional Supplement Edition Guest: Andrew R. Jagim, PhD Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Imagine taking a supplement that increases muscle mass, improves strength and endurance, promotes weight loss, helps prevent injury from exercise and promotes healing. Do these supplements exist and are they safe? This episode discusses nutritional supplements. We will discuss proven benefits as well as risks. Our guest for this podcast is Andrew R. Jagim, Ph.D., the director of Sports Medicine research at Mayo Clinic. Specific topics: Definition of nutritional supplements Common reasons to take these products Accuracy of claims that nutritional supplements improve fitness and enhance performance Research conducted on nutritional supplements Regulation of the nutritional supplement industry Potential safety issues in taking nutritional supplements Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Natalie H. Strand, M.D. (@DrNatStrand) Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) Racial biases can influence diagnosis and treatment decisions. It is important to normalize implicit biases and be aware of our own biases to reduce disparities and improve health care for patients. Joining us today is Natalie Strand, M.D., a consultant in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, AZ. She will discuss the unique, relevant and timely topic of racism in pain medicine, including the occurrence of racism in medicine at all levels – from patient care, diagnoses and outcomes to professional development of physicians. She describes our responsibility and how, if we want to engage in anti-racism, we must do it at all levels in medicine. Additional Resources: Strand, N. H., Mariano, E. R., Goree, J. H., Narouze, S., Doshi, T. L., Freeman, J.A., Pearson, A. C. S. (2021). Racism in Pain Medicine: We Can and Should Do More. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 96(6), 1394-1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.030 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in November, 2021 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Cold weather, increased travel, waning immunity and the potential for new variants may serve up the perfect recipe for a holiday COVID-19 surge, according to Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "I have consistently said what's very likely to happen as we get to the cooler weather and see the trends in travel is that we will have another surge," says Dr. Poland. "We're in this unusual situation where the pandemic is actually getting worse because humans don't want to believe that the pandemic is just as important now as it was a year ago." In this Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland answers several listener questions and talks more about being vigilant against COVID-19 as the U.S. heads into a second winter with this coronavirus. He also addresses the recent news that wild deer have shown evidence of COVID-19 infection and what that might mean in the battle to eliminate the disease. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guests: Gina A. Suh, M.D. Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. What is Phage Therapy? When was it discovered? Where is it used? We know about antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals, but this is a whole new world! Have no fear, this episode is here from the Genes & Your Health miniseries to help demystify all there is to know about Phages. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Monique A. Freund, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It’s known that a combination of lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapy has proven effective in reducing the complications of cardiovascular disease. Despite this, it’s estimated that less than 35% of those patients with hyperlipidemia are adequately managed. Why aren’t we doing a better job at managing this major public health problem? In this podcast, we’ll be speaking with Monique A. Freund, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss how to optimize management of hyperlipidemia, which lifestyle changes are beneficial, when to use pharmacologic therapy and how to manage patients with statin intolerance. Specific topics: Relative importance of elevated LDLc, low HDLc and elevated triglycerides Effective non-pharmacologic therapy for treating elevated LDLc, low HDLc and elevated triglycerides When to consider starting a patient on a statin Benefits of fish oil Mechanism of action of statins Statin intolerance When to use ezetimibe When to use one of the PCSK9-inhibitors Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guests: Christopher (Chris) A. Aakre (@ChrisAakreMD), M.D.; Bradley J. Erickson, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. Artificial Intelligence has begun being utilized in Radiology. In fact, it was boldly predicted that Radiology would become an obsolete profession as a result! How has it altered this practice? How will it alter our practices moving forward? Join this episode of our Genes & Your Health miniseries from the Center of Individualized Medicine to learn these answers and more! Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Amir R. Khan, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) External eye disorders are commonly seen in a primary care provider’s office, yet very few of us have ever had any formal training in ophthalmology. Fortunately, most of the external eye problems are relatively benign, though not all. It’s important to be able to recognize these conditions since some may be associated with a variety of systemic diseases. In this podcast, Amir Khan, M.D., an ophthalmologist at Mayo Clinic, joins Dr. Chutka to discuss how to recognize commonly seen external eye conditions. Links to specific topics below include additional information and images for most of the covered conditions. Specific topics: Viral versus bacterial conjunctivitis: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/symptoms-causes/syc-20376355 Scleritis and episcleritis Blepharitis: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blepharitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370141 Sty (Hordeolum): https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sty/symptoms-causes/syc-20378017 Ectropion versus entropion: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectropion/symptoms-causes/syc-20351164; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/entropion/symptoms-causes/syc-20351125 Subconjunctival hemorrhage: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/subconjunctival-hemorrhage/symptoms-causes/syc-20353826 Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Corneal abrasions: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-corneal-abrasion/basics/art-20056659 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in November 3, 2021 Guest: Elie F. Berbari, M.D. Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) In anticipation of more COVID-19 vaccine approvals this week, Dr. Elie Berbari, chair of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Mayo Clinic, says it's good news that younger children will now have more protection against COVID-19. "It's important that we reach a very high level of vaccination rates to achieve kind of a wall of immunity that could prevent transmission and prevent us from these repeated peaks that we've been dealing with over the last year and a half during this pandemic," says Dr. Berbari. In this Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Berbari also talks about the rare cases of myocarditis and how the Food and Drug Administration is monitoring those cases. Dr. Berbari also addresses additional COVID-19 vaccine doses for immunocompromised people, the importance of masking, even if vaccinated, and he answers a number of listener questions. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guests: Megan A. Allyse, Ph.D. (@MAllyse); Jennifer (Jenny) L. Anderson, M.S., CGC; Radhika Dhamija, M.B.B.S. (@NeurogenesDr) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. Genetic testing is increasingly becoming mainstream. Not only is it first-line testing for many different indications, but we have begun seeing an increase in predictive genomics for healthy patients as well. How can your practice prepare for what is here and what is to come? Tune in to this episode of the Genes & Your Health miniseries from the Center for Individualized Medicine to find out. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Rozalina G. McCoy, M.D., M.S. (@RozalinaMD) Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) Diabetic research starts with understanding contemporary treatment practices (overtreatment and undertreatment, misuse or underuse of glucose-lowering medications, comparative effectiveness of different diabetes medications), the resulting impact on patient health and the disparities in both treatment practices and outcomes. In this episode Rozalina McCoy, M.D., M.S., associate professor of medicine and consultant in the Division of Community Internal Medicine at Mayo Clinic’s Rochester campus, joins us to discuss developing care delivery models that support high-quality, evidence-based, patient-centered, and equitable diabetes care. Additional resources: McCoy RG, Galindo RJ, Swarna KS, et al. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors associated with hyperglycemic crises among adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the US from 2014 to 2020. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(9):e2123471. doi:1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23471 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guest: Iftikhar J. Kullo, M.D. (@iftikhar_kullo) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. What is familial hypercholesterolemia? Who should be tested for it? Are there genetic variants that are associated with cardiovascular diseases? How young do we start screening? This installment of the Genes & Your Health miniseries from the Center for Individualized Medicine is here to help answer these questions and more! Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Sophie J. Bakri, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Macular degeneration is the most common cause of vision loss in individuals over the age of 50. The loss of central vision from macular degeneration can result in significant lifestyle changes in patients. They may no longer be able to read, write or drive. In this podcast, we’ll discuss macular degeneration with Sophie Bakri, M.D., an ophthalmologist at Mayo Clinic. She’ll review the two types and pathology of macular degeneration, its presentation, risk factors and preventive strategies, and new treatments on the horizon. Specific topics: Pathologic changes in macular degeneration Vision loss associated with macular degeneration Possible causes of macular degeneration Risk factors Typical course of macular degeneration The difference between wet and dry macular degeneration Treatment strategies Preventive strategies Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in October, 2021 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) As continuing research guides medical recommendations, it seems that there are COVID-19 updates released daily. These recommendations cover a range of topics, including whether COVID-19 booster vaccinations are necessary to whether COVID-19 vaccines can be mixed and matched. "The fact that recommendations are changing is not evidence people don't know what they're doing," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "It's evidence that they do know what they're doing and are paying close attention to new data that's coming along. Then they're adjusting recommendations based on the latest data." Dr. Poland continues to urge people to get the latest COVID-19 news from credible sources. In this Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland walks through the recent recommendations, corrects misperceptions and answers a number of listener questions. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guests: Minetta C. Liu, M.D.; Myra J. Wick, M.D., Ph.D. (@MyraWickMD) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. What is cell-free DNA? How does this type of DNA interact with our body? How is it useful in the clinical setting? Advances in technologies has expanded our understanding of cell-free DNA and its implications. Where are we now and what can we look for in the future? Find out these answers and more in the seventh episode of the Genes & Your Health miniseries from the Center for Individualized Medicine. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Paola Sandroni, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) Syncope is defined as the sudden and transient loss of consciousness and postural tone due to global reduction of blood flow to the reticular activating system. Syncopal episodes are followed by a rapid and spontaneous recovery. Joining us today is Paola Sandroni, M.D., Ph.D., a neurologist at Mayo Clinic’s Rochester Campus. She will help us sort through the complicated subject of syncope, including its main etiologies and how to distinguish which is affecting your patient. She also outlines the nuances of evidence-based evaluation of syncope, which is largely guided by the patient’s presentation. Additional resources: Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Kwong K, Wells GA, Sivilotti MLA, Mukarram M, Rowe BH, Lang E, Perry JJ, Sheldon R, Stiell IG, Taljaard M. Development of the Canadian Syncope Risk Score to predict serious adverse events after emergency department assessment of syncope. CMAJ. 2016 Sep 6;188(12):E289-E298. doi: 1503/cmaj.151469. Epub 2016 Jul 4. PMID: 27378464; PMCID: PMC5008955 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guests: Stephanie S. Faubion, M.D., M.B.A. (@StephFaubionMD); Kejal Kantarci, M.D. (@KejalKantarciMD); Juliana (Jewel) M. Kling, M.D., M.P.H. (@DrJewelKling) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. Is hormone therapy good or bad for women? What are the myths surrounding it? Is the varying experience of menopause genetic? Join the sixth episode of Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine’s Genes & Your Health Edition to dive into women’s health and hormones and what you need to know for your practice. Additional resources: • USPSTF Recommendations Statement for Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction • Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Thomas Caulfield, Ph.D. Host: Amit K Ghosh, M.D., MBA (@AmitGhosh006) In this podcast, Dr. Thomas Caulfield from Mayo Clinic Florida describes a novel approach for SARS-CoV2 multi-drug targeting using artificial intelligence. Dr. Caulfield is leading a national team of investigators from Harvard, University of California, In Vivo Biosystems and Mayo Clinic to perform large-scale in silico and in vivo experiments on de novo drugs to better understand COVID-19 and halt its progression. University of California hosts a live virus BSL3 facility for rapidly screening novel compounds that Dr. Caulfield's lab designs in silico and refines with feedback using machine learning techniques and data layering. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this series, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guest: Purna C. Kashyap, M.B.B.S. (@KashyapPurna); Marina R. Walther-Antonio, Ph.D. Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. What is the microbiome? How does the microbiome interact with our body? How much of us is nurture, how much is nature? The whole concept of microbiome may be a new idea but have no fear this fifth episode of the Genes & Your Health Edition from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine is here to help answer those questions and more! Additional resources: Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in September 29, 2021 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) The path to approvals for a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine has seemed complicated. "This is a confusing set of recommendations," says Dr. Gregory Poland, an infectious diseases expert and head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "So let's look at the four groups approved for only the Pfizer booster, thus far. If you got a primary series of the Pfizer vaccine, you're 65 and older, and it's been six months or more, you are eligible for a booster. If you're 50–64 and you have medical conditions that place you at high risk, you are eligible for the booster. If you're 18–49, you may be able to get a booster based on a medical condition and if you talk with your health care provider to weigh risks and benefits. And, finally, for people 18–64 years old, who are health care providers in congregate living situations or who have occupations that place them at high risk for transmission, such as school teachers, they also may be eligible. That should happen very soon." In this Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland talks more about the approval process for COVID-19 vaccine boosters, including for the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines. He also discusses the possibility that emergency use approval for children, down to age 5, could come before the end of October. AskMayoExpert COVID-19 Resources: https://askmayoexpert.mayoclinic.org/navigator/COVID-19 Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Christina A. Dilaveri, M.D. (@CDilaveri) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Breast cancer is very treatable when detected early. Therefore, early detection becomes very important as it significantly reduces a patient’s risk of developing metastases and death. Breast imaging plays an extremely important role in the detection of early breast cancer, and we now have several modalities of breast imaging available, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Our guest for this podcast is Christina Dilaveri, M.D. a breast disease specialist, from Mayo Clinic’s Rochester Campus. We’ll discuss mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and molecular breast imaging, when they’re indicated, and the advantages of each. You’ll hear which patients should have more than a mammogram and how often it should be performed. Specific topics discussed: The various types of mammography available Indications for breast ultrasound Benefits of breast MRI When breast MRI should be performed Benefits of molecular breast imaging When molecular breast imaging should be performed Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this series, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Genes & Your Health Guest: Niloy Jewel J. Samadder, M.D. (@J_Samadder) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. Can we find the cause of a patient’s cancer? Is it possible to provide targeted treatment to prevent future cancers by understanding what genetic predispositions a patient or their family members have? In a recently published study, nearly one in six to one in eight cancer patients, depending on which type of cancer they had, carried a genetic predisposition to the development of their cancer. How can we translate these findings into our practice for the benefit of our patients and their families? Tune in to episode four of our Genes & Your Health Edition from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. Additional resources: Samadder NJ, Riegert-Johnson D, Boardman L, et al. Comparison of universal genetic testing vs guideline-directed targeted testing for patients with hereditary cancer syndrome. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7(2):230–237. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6252 Uson, PLS. Riegert-Johnson, D. Boardman, L. Kisiel, J. et al. Germline cancer susceptibility gene testing in unselected patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma: a multicenter prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 April 20; doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.04.013 Mayo Clinic’s Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Matthew J. Binnicker, Ph.D. (@DrMattBinnicker) Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) In this podcast Matthew J. Binnicker, Ph.D. discusses the development of different types of testing available to diagnose SARS-CoV2 infection. Binnicker discusses the test characteristics of the rapid antigen tests and RT-PCR test and its variability based on the time when the test was performed. He also discusses the optimal timing of diagnostic testing (rapid testing, RT-PCR) and the role and limitations of antibody testing in COVID-19. Additional resources: Shah AS, Tande AJ, Challener DW, O’Horo JC, Binnicker MJ, Berbari EF. Diagnostic stewardship: An essential element in a rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(9):S17-S19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.039 Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: https://ce.mayo.edu/online-education/content/mayo-clinic-talks-podcast-genes-your-health#group-tabs-node-course-default1 Guest: Jessica A. Wright, Pharm.D., R.Ph. Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. Pharmacogenomics helps to identify how your patients’ DNA may affect their response to medications. But there's a lot of different genes! How do we get started? What resources are out there? Do we have to worry about every drug a patient is on? Find out these answers and more in episode three of the Genes & Your Health Edition from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. Additional resources: PharmGKB: pharmgkb.org Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC®): cpicpgx.org Basic Pharmacogenomics Nomenclature: https://www.pharmgkb.org/page/glossary NIH’s National Human Genome Research Institute: Healthcare Provider Resources: https://www.genome.gov/For-Health-Professionals/Provider-Genomics-Education-Resources Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: David G. Lott, M.D. Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) About 60,000 Americans have had their vocal cords removed due to disease or trauma necessitating a laryngectomy. Post-laryngectomy, patients are unable to speak, are at risk for aspiration, and many suffer from significant anguish resulting in depression. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available, the first being laryngeal transplant. While laryngeal transplantation allows patients to smell, taste, swallow, and communicate, it has drawbacks. Currently only a small number of larynx transplants are done in the U.S., and only a select few patients with laryngectomy qualify for larynx transplant. In this episode, Dr. David Lott, division chair of laryngology at Mayo Clinic’s Arizona campus, discusses the role of regenerative medicine, which has shown promise in using 3D printing and a patient’s stem cells in creating a larynx. Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this series, visit: https://ce.mayo.edu/online-education/content/mayo-clinic-talks-podcast-genes-your-health#group-tabs-node-course-default1 Guests: Andrew D. Badley, M.D. (@BadleyAndrew); Matthew J. Binnicker, Ph.D. (@DrMattBinnicker) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. COVID-19. Variants. The future. Does one test fit all? Will the vaccine continue to provide protection against future variants? What makes the Delta variant more transmissible? Join the second episode of our Genes & Your Health Edition from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine to learn how viral genetics influence transmission, diagnosis, and severity of COVID-19. Additional resources: Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: https://ce.mayo.edu/online-education/content/mayo-clinic-talks-podcast-genes-your-health#group-tabs-node-course-default1 Guests: Matthew J. Ferber, Ph.D. (@Matt_Ferber); Teresa M. Kruisselbrink, M.S., CGC (@T_Kruisselbrink); William C. Palmer, M.D. (@williampalmermd) Host: Denise M. Dupras, M.D., Ph.D. For so long we've heard Genetic Testing is coming. Well guess what, it’s here! We have over 25 million people who have chosen to participate in direct-to-consumer testing alone. What does this mean for primary care, and does it matter? Find out in the first episode of our Genes & Your Health Edition from the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine. Additional resources: TAPESTRY Study: https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials/cls-20477323?_ga=2.268706548.460922620.1627479724-1519128218.1623079535 Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine: https://www.mayo.edu/research/centers-programs/center-individualized-medicine Connect with the Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Elitza S. Theel, Ph.D. (@ElliTheelPhD) Host: Amit K. Ghosh, M.D. (@AmitGhosh006) Dr. Elitza Theel, Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Director of Infectious Diseases Serology Laboratory at Mayo Clinic’s Rochester Campus, discusses our immune response to vaccination and natural infection and outlines the different types of antibody assays currently available. Dr. Theel also discusses the concept of herd immunity in the context of different circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and the increased need to get higher rates of vaccination in the community as the infectivity and transmissibility of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants changes. We also discuss the status of correlates of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and the need for booster vaccine doses for immunocompromised individuals. Additional resources: Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Clinical and Public Health Settings https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Aaron M. Potretzke, M.D. (@potretzke) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Microscopic hematuria, and less commonly gross hematuria, are conditions commonly seen by the primary care provider. Malignancy is the most ominous cause of hematuria. Fortunately, other causes are much more likely. Since this is a relatively common health condition, when should we investigate hematuria and what should the evaluation consist of? How do we evaluate a patient’s risk for urinary tract malignancy? Dr. Aaron Potretzke, a urologist at Mayo Clinic joins us to discuss these questions. Specific topics: Definition of hematuria Benign causes of hematuria Risk of malignancy in low, medium, and high-risk patients Stratifying malignancy risk in patients for genitourinary malignancy Recommended evaluation for patients with hematuria How to manage patients with persistent hematuria despite a negative evaluation Role of urine cytology in the evaluation of hematuria Additional resources: American Urological Association hematuria guideline and algorithm: https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/microhematuria Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. (@DrEdSportsMed) Host: Sanjeev (Sanj) Kakar, M.D. (@sanjkakar) Daily exercise has so many health and emotional benefits – it can help decrease your blood pressure, promote cardiovascular wellbeing, alleviate stress, and assist with weight loss and blood sugar control. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that affects the central nervous system, and in particular the brain, that can lead to shakiness, poor balance, and frequent falls. Joining us in this episode is Edward Laskowski, M.D., a professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation and sports medicine specialist at Mayo Clinic’s Rochester Campus, to discuss why exercise is first-line treatment for your Parkinson’s patients. Additional resources: Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055 The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research: https://www.michaeljfox.org/ Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, M.D. (@JCGneuro) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Parkinson’s Disease is one of the more common neurodegenerative diseases, in fact, patients with Parkinson’s outnumber those with multiple sclerosis, ALS, and muscular dystrophy combined. It tends to affect older patients, although on rare occasions it can be seen in those under the age of 50. It can have a devastating effect on an individual’s lifestyle as the physical symptoms of the disease tend to gradually progress over years. This podcast will feature Dr. Jeremy Cutsforth-Gregory, a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic, as we discuss the evaluation and management of Parkinson’s Disease. Specific topics: Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease Common presenting symptoms of Parkinson’s Assessing patients with tremor Complications of advanced Parkinson’s Pharmacologic management of Parkinson’s Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.