Mayo Clinic Talks

Guest: Tatnai L. Burnett, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Endometriosis affects approximately one in ten women during their reproductive age and can result in chronic abdominal symptoms, including pelvic pain and at times infertility. It can produce a variety of vague symptoms which commonly causes a delay in establishing a diagnosis. Since women commonly present to their primary care providers, we need to consider endometriosis as a cause of their symptoms. While there is no cure, this chronic condition can be effectively managed. The topic for this podcast is endometriosis and our guest is Tatnai L. Burnett, M.D., from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Juliana H. VanderPluym, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Headaches in children are relatively common and although there are many similarities to headaches in adults, there are some differences as well. Symptoms can be slightly different, and these differences can make it more difficult to establish a specific diagnosis in a child. This podcast will continue our series on headaches and the topic will be “Headaches in Children”. We’ll cover such topics as: Do infants get headaches? How often are headaches in children serious? And is the management of headaches in children any different than in adults? Our guest for this topic is Juliana H. VanderPluym, M.D., a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Host: Joshua D. Luciew, MPAS, P.A.-C. Guest: Abigail K. Stockland, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N. Guest: Michaeleen M. Burroughs, M.S., RDN, LD A fasting lipid panel is part of a patient’s routine health maintenance visit. This common laboratory test has many values on it including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. This test helps clinicians calculate a patient’s 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD risk) to help guide treatments. If a patient's risk is determined to be high, statin medications can be considered. However, despite using statin therapy and addressing modifiable risk factors, some patients still have elevated triglycerides. What role do triglycerides play in a patient's health? Does hypertriglyceridemia contribute to cardiovascular disease? Tune in to this episode to find out more from our panel discussion. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Chia-Chun Chiang, M.D. (@chiachunchiang) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Headaches have a variety of causes and for most they are a minor nuisance. Fortunately, most have a benign cause. However, there are some headaches which are associated with a serious health problem. Since many of these patients will present to their primary care providers with their headaches, we need to recognize clues they may describe that allow us to suspect their headache may not be benign. In this podcast, we’ll continue our series on headaches and discuss serious, secondary headaches with Chia-Chun Chiang, M.D., a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Donald D. Hensrud, M.D., M.S. Host: Edward (Edward R.) R. Laskowski, M.D. (@DrEdSportsMed) A recent Harris poll found that 86% of people take some sort of vitamin or supplement, and a recent research study found that approximately 60% of people report using dietary supplements in the past 30 days. Multiple claims are made regarding the benefits of vitamins. How do we know which are true? How do we sift through all the hype? When should we consider taking vitamins or recommending them for our patients? This episode features Donald D. Hensrud, M.D., M.S., an Associate Professor of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Director of the Mayo Clinic Healthy Living Program, and editor of multiple books on healthy eating and living a healthy lifestyle, including The Mayo Clinic Diet and The New Mayo Clinic cookbook. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in July 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Danielle (DeeDee) J. Stiepan The BA.5 omicron variant is now the dominant strain in the U.S., and it is leading to a new wave of COVID-19 infections. BA.5 was responsible for nearly 54% of COVID-19 cases in the U.S., and BA.4, a similar variant, accounted for another 17%, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Experts are concerned because this particular variant appears to be good at evading the immune system. "This BA.5 variant is hypercontagious, and right behind it, new variants are coming," says Dr. Gregory Poland, an infectious diseases expert and head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "We will continue to generate these variants until people are masked and immunized." Dr. Poland explains that the transmissibility of BA.5 represents the evolution of the virus to become more contagious and able to evade immune protection from previous infection or vaccination. "Whether you've been vaccinated, whether you've been previously infected, whether you've been previously infected and vaccinated, you have very little protection against BA.5 in terms of getting infected or having mild to moderate infection," says Dr. Poland. "Thankfully, you still do have good protection against dying, being hospitalized or ending up on a ventilator if you are up to date on your vaccinations." Due to the consequences of reinfection, including the possibility of long COVID-19, Dr. Poland urges people to continue to take precautions to protect themselves. "The reality is, it's important to be up to date on the COVID-19 vaccinations that are recommended for your age group, health condition, etc.," says Dr. Poland. "Sometime this fall, we may well have a variant-focused vaccine, so get it when it becomes available. And wear a proper mask properly when you are indoors around people who are not your family or in a crowded outdoor venue." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland shares the latest COVID-19 news and answers listener questions.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Narayan R. Kissoon, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Headaches are quite common and essentially everyone has experienced them; some have more than others. While most headaches are merely an annoyance, others can be quite debilitating and result in missed work and lost productivity. While tension headaches are the most common overall, migraines are the type most often seen by healthcare providers. While tension and migraines represent the majority of headaches, it’s important for healthcare providers to recognize when a headache falls into the unusual category. This podcast will continue our series on headaches with our guest, Narayan R. Kissoon, M.D., a neurologist and headache specialist at the Mayo Clinic as we discuss unusual headaches. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Carrie A. Schinstock, M.D. (@caschinstock) Host: Darryl S. Chutka (@ChutkaMD) Kidney transplants were initially performed in the early 1950’s; however, most of these early transplants failed due to immune system rejection. Successful transplants were generally limited to those performed in identical twins. With the discovery of immunosuppressant therapy, organ rejection became less of an issue and successful kidney transplants have become more common. Currently, in the U.S. over 20,000 kidney transplants are performed annually. Who is a candidate for a kidney transplant? What is the current success rate and what is the optimal timing for a transplant in patients with end stage renal disease? We’ll discuss these questions in this podcast on kidney transplantation with our guest, Carrie A. Schinstock, M.D., a nephrologist from the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Rashmi B. Halker Singh, M.D. (@rashmihalker) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Essentially everyone has an occasional headache and it is usually nothing more than a minor nuisance. However, there are individuals who have very frequent headaches, and they can have a significant influence on that person’s lifestyle and quality of life. The topic for this podcast is chronic daily headache, which represents a description of a variety of both primary and secondary headaches that occur frequently. Our guest is Rashmi Halker Singh, M.D., a neurologist, and specialist in headache medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. We’ll discuss what types of headaches patients with chronic daily headache tend to have, how this syndrome develops, and how you should evaluate and manage these patients. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Guest: Kathy L. MacLaughlin, M.D. Worldwide, cervical cancer is a very common malignancy for women, although the number of new cases in the U.S. has been declining. The overwhelming majority of cases are caused by infection with the human papilloma virus and due to a combination of HPV immunization and early detection with cervical cancer screening, advanced cervical cancer should be preventable. If it does occur, cervical cancer is one of the more treatable malignancies when detected early. If you perform cervical cancer screening for your patients, you know the guidelines have become a bit more complicated than in the past. To help us sort out who is a candidate for cervical cancer screening, when screening should start, how often it should be performed and when it can stop, we have as our guest for this podcast, Kathy L. MacLaughlin, M.D., a family physician in the Department of Family Medicine at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Amaal J. Starling, M.D. (@AmaalStarlingMD) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Migraine is four-times more common in women than men and because of migraine predominance in females, it is a significant women’s health issue. Migraine commonly results in loss of productivity and this has a significant economic burden. According to a recent report from the Society for Women’s Health Research, it’s estimated that migraine costs the United States is an estimated $78 billion per year, with women accounting for approximately 80% of the direct medical and lost labor costs. This podcast will continue our series on headaches and will concentrate on migraine in women. Our guest for this topic is Amaal J. Starling, M.D., a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. We’ll discuss why migraine is more common in females, how the prevalence changes throughout a woman’s lifetime and specific treatment recommendations for women with migraine. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Thomas P. Pittelkow, D.O., M.P.H. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Cannabidiol (CBD) is a popular natural remedy used for a variety of common ailments and is one of more than 100 chemical compounds called cannabinoids derived from the cannabis plant. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis. However, unlike THC, CBD does not have psychoactive properties. There are claims this compound treats not only pain, but a variety of mental health issues, symptoms of malignancy and may even have some cardiovascular benefits. Are all these claims true? What’s been proven? What do we know about the safety of this product? We’ll get the answers to these questions as we discuss Cannabidiol (CBD) with Thomas P. Pittelkow, D.O., M.P.H., an anesthesiologist and pain medicine specialist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Christopher D. Sletten, Ph.D., L.P. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Chronic headache is one of the more challenging medical conditions primary care providers commonly face. Whereas the traditional medical model views pain as a problem to be treated and relieved, this model often fails when dealing with patients experiencing chronic headaches. On the other hand, the bio-psychosocial model fits patients with chronic headache much better and when this model is used in the management, patients often have a much better outcome. This podcast is another in our series of headaches and will address the use of a cognitive-behavioral approach with an interdisciplinary team in the evaluation and management of patients with chronic headaches. Our guest Christopher D. Sletten, Ph.D., L.P., a psychologist at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in June 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) As immunity wanes for many vaccinated adults and omicron and its subvariants continue to circulate, it seems that just about everyone knows someone with a case of COVID-19. The steady increase in COVID-19 infections is due to changing, highly contagious variants, explains Dr. Gregory Poland, an infectious diseases expert and head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. Dr. Poland says it’s still important to take the precaution of mask-wearing in public areas, even if you have been vaccinated and have received your boosters. "I can’t say it enough. This is so hypercontagious that, regardless of having had three or four doses of vaccine or of having previous COVID-19, you still run an appreciable chance of getting COVID," explains Dr. Poland. "The risk in that case is not of death or hospitalization, but of the complications and long-haul symptoms of COVID-19. And that’s what we’re trying to prevent in people." For parents, there is positive news this week, as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel voted unanimously to authorize emergency use of the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines for children under 5. For this age group, the Pfizer vaccine will be given in three doses while the Moderna vaccine will be given in two doses. The FDA panel's recommendation now goes to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for approval before shots can be administered, possibly beginning as early as next week. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland shares the latest COVID-19 news, answers listener questions, and discusses another infectious disease outbreak: monkeypox.

Guest: Terry D. Schneekloth, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Unhealthy use of alcohol has the potential to affect not only the individual who consumes the alcohol, but a variety of others as well. Alcohol is the most used addictive substance, with an estimated prevalence of 7% of the United States population. Excessive alcohol use has the potential to cause damage to essentially every organ system and is thought to reduce one’s life expectance by approximately 10 years. Whereas treatment is available and has the potential to be very successful, it often requires an ongoing, lifetime of therapy. Our guest for this podcast is Terry D. Schneekloth, M.D., a psychiatrist and addiction medicine specialist at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. This podcast discusses when you should suspect alcoholism in your patients, how to make a diagnosis and which management techniques have been shown to be effective. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Fred (Michael) M. Cutrer, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) It is estimated that nearly 40 million individuals in the United States have migraines and they’re responsible for a significant amount of lost productivity and healthcare costs. The estimates of the economic impact of migraines in the United States alone approaches $36 billion per year. Many of our patients struggle with adequate management of their migraines; healthcare providers are often confused about the many treatment options now available. This podcast will review and clarify the various treatments for migraines, both for abortive therapy as well as prevention. Our guest is Fred (Michael) M. Cutrer, M.D., a neurologist and headache specialist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Eric J. Dozois, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) In the mid-1960’s Dr. Henry Lynch first described a condition characterized as the “cancer family syndrome” in which members of families demonstrated an increased risk of a variety of malignancies. This eventually became known as “Lynch Syndrome”. Lynch Syndrome is a genetic disorder and can be the underlying cause of premature colon cancer as well as other malignancies. There are some clues to its presence and specific recommendations for managing patients with the condition. The topic for this podcast is Lynch Syndrome and we’ll learn more about the disorder from our guest, Eric J. Dozois, M.D., a colorectal surgeon at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Carrie (Beth) E. Robertson, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Migraine represents a major public health problem and is relatively common affecting an estimated 36 million individuals per year. It is much more likely to affect females and typically accounts for up to four million visits to the Emergency Department and over four million outpatient office visits per year. Migraines are most common in women of childbearing age and are associated with a significant loss of productivity, resulting in a major economic impact. In this podcast, we’ll continue our series on headache and will focus on migraine. We’ll review the diagnosis, what’s happening in the brain during a migraine attack and the benefits of lifestyle changes in the management of migraine. Our guest for this episode is Carrie (Beth) E. Robertson, M.D., a neurologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Headache Edition - Online CME Course. Guest: Jerry W. Swanson, M.D., M.H.P.E. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Everyone has experienced a headache and for most of us, they are just a minor inconvenience. Unfortunately for some, headaches represent a major health problem. The pain can be intense and may result in major lifestyle changes including sudden change in plans, loss of productivity, and strained relationships. As primary care providers, patients with chronic, recurrent headaches can represent some of the most challenging patients we see. Fortunately, only rarely do headaches represent a serious threat to one’s life, but one still needs to be alert to potential clues indicating the possibility of the headaches representing a serious medical condition. There have also been numerous new treatments available for the management of migraines. This will be the first in a series of podcasts dedicated to the topic of headache. We’re also going to honor one of the Mayo Clinic’s most prestigious physicians in the field of headache. Jerry W. Swanson, M.D., M.H.P.E. has been a neurologist at Mayo for 39 years and has been a specialist in the evaluation and management of patients with headaches. He brings experience and a wealth of knowledge to this topic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Brendan C. Lanpher, M.D. Host: David J. Sas, D.O. (@davidsas1) Inborn errors of metabolism can present in a variety of ways depending on the specific type of disease. The most critical presentation to identify occurs in the neonatal period when more severe diseases can cause acute decompensation. These patients require appropriate evaluation and timely, expert management for good outcomes. Diagnostic testing, including newborn screening, is advancing rapidly as are innovative treatment methods, making this an exciting field for clinicians. The guest for this episode is Brendan C. Lanpher, M.D., a board-certified geneticist at the Mayo Clinic Children’s Center in Rochester, Minnesota. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Host: Joshua D. Luciew, MPAS, P.A.-C. Guest: Neeta Jain, M.D. Depression is a common condition that we see in our practices. It is a multifactorial disease that can affect patients of all ages. In this episode, we discuss women and depression, as women are twice as likely as men to receive this diagnosis. We will explore how this condition is diagnosed, depression subtypes, what effect hormones have on a woman’s mental health, and how we can help treat this condition for our patients through various parts of their life. The guest for today’s episode is Neeta Jain, M.D., Mayo Clinic Board Certified Psychiatrist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Candace F. Granberg, M.D. (@candacegranberg) Host: David J. Sas, D.O. (@davidsas1) Detection and management of undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) is a common issue for newborn and infant boys. This episode discusses proper diagnostic techniques for cryptorchidism, including how to distinguish between a retractile testicle and a truly undescended testicle, as well as when to refer infants to a pediatric urologist for further evaluation and management. Further, we identify the indications for surgical correction and what parents and pediatricians should expect from this surgery. The guest for this episode is Candace F. Granberg, M.D., a board-certified pediatric urologist at the Mayo Clinic Children’s Center in Rochester, Minnesota. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Irina Bancos, M.D. (@IrinaBancos) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite are very vague and non-specific symptoms, and unfortunately relatively common complaints our patients describe to us. However, they may also be the presenting symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. If untreated, serious complications can develop, the most serious being an adrenal crisis. Adrenal insufficiency is relatively uncommon and unless we think about it, we’re likely to either make a delayed diagnosis or possibly miss the disorder altogether. The topic for this podcast is adrenal insufficiency. We’ll review its symptoms, the recommended evaluation and management with Irina Bancos, M.D., an endocrinologist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in May 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) The widespread availability of at-home COVID-19 tests have made it easier for people to know if they have the virus, and to take measures to protect themselves and others. But there is a downside. Because the majority of tests are now done at home and often not reported, the official counts on COVID-19 infection rates are not as accurate as they have been in past waves of the virus. "Because the majority of testing is being done at home, we can no longer tell you accurately about the positivity rate for a given community for a given state like we used to be able to," explains Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "And this is problematic. It means that we lose our ability to understand what's called genetic epidemiology — the ability to trace how these variants are moving, how fast they're moving, and whether they're changing and evolving into yet different subvariants or new variants. We've lost that ability now." The most recent omicron subvariant, BA 2.12.1, has cases on the rise again and the U.S. passed a tragic milestone last week, reaching 1 million COVID-19 deaths in the country. In an effort to capture a more accurate picture, the latest tool being used by public health officials to track COVID-19 infection rates is wastewater surveillance. By looking for the presence of the COVID-19 virus shed by people, wastewater surveillance can give a more accurate picture of how much virus is in the community. This detects virus not only from those who test at home, but also from people who are asymptomatic and, therefore, didn't get tested. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the current state of COVID-19 in the U.S., including what we know about the latest subvariants.

Guest: Irina Bancos, M.D. (@IrinaBancos) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) The widespread use of CT and MRI scans has resulted in frequent serendipitous findings, including adrenal nodules. When these nodules are found, two questions need to be answered. Is the nodule malignant and is this nodule metabolically active? This podcast will address these incidentally found adrenal nodules, also known as adrenal incidentalomas. We’ll review when these nodules should be investigated, the likelihood they represent a malignancy and how to assess if they’re metabolically active. Our guest for this podcast is Irina Bancos, M.D., an endocrinologist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guest(s): Scott Crow, M.D.; Carol B. Peterson, Ph.D., L.P. Host: Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. While eating disorders are often thought of as disorders of adolescence, they impact adult patients across their lifespan. While many of the characteristics of these disorders are similar for pediatric vs. adult patients, there are important differences in how a primary care provider should assess and treat these illnesses in adults. As with younger patients, most adults report presenting initially to their primary care provider with their eating concerns, and many never seek additional care. This episode focuses on best practices for primary care providers in assessing and treating adult patients with eating disorders. Our guests are Scott Crow, M.D., Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota and Vice President of Psychiatry at Accanto Health, and Carol B. Peterson, Ph.D., L.P., Clinical Psychologist and Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Minnesota. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Raymund R. Razonable, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-synthesized and mimic our immune system in fighting harmful pathogens. In addition to convalescent plasma and anti-viral medication, monoclonal antibodies have played an important role in the treatment of infections due to COVID-19. The use of monoclonal antibodies has been shown to shorten the duration of symptoms as well as reduce the risk of hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19. This podcast will focus on monoclonal antibodies and our guest is Raymund R. Razonable, M.D., from the Division of Infectious Disease at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd. Resource: O’Horo J, Challener DW, Anderson RJ, Arndt RF, Ausman SE, Hall ST, Heyliger A, Kennedy BD, Sweeten PW, Ganesh R, Razonable RR, Rates of Severe Outcomes After Bamlanivimab-Etesevimab and Casirivimab-Imdevimab Treatment of High-Risk Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease-2019, Mayo Clinic Proceedings (2022), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.02.009.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in April 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) An estimated 3 out of 4 U.S. children and more than half of all adults have been infected with COVID-19, according to a report released on Tuesday, April 26 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But a Mayo Clinic expert says more information is needed to get the complete picture. "This was a convenient sample. In other words, people who were having blood drawn for other reasons were tested,"explains Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "That does not reflect the full population or differences by race or geographic location. And the detection of antibodies does not necessarily mean that you are protected from infection. So, there's a lot of nuance around understanding that headline." The research study looked at more than 200,000 blood samples and found that signs of past infection rose dramatically during the omicron surge between December 2021 and February. Other COVID-19 news this week includes a push to make treatments more available, the rising incidence of new omicron subvariants, and changes in mask recommendations. Dr. Poland cautions that COVID-19 is still present and encourages wearing a mask in crowded spaces, even when there isn't a requirement to do so. "If only one of us is wearing a mask and the other one isn't and is infected, you still have pretty high protection — but not the same level of protection as if both of us wearing one," says Dr. Poland. "So, it's it is not futile to be the only one wearing a mask. In fact, I think it sends a message." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest COVID-19 news and answers listener questions.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guests: Angela C. Mattke, M.D. (@DrAngelaMattke); Paige I. Partain, M.D. Host: Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. Though the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) is clear in classifying eating disorders, clinicians understand it is rare to be presented with a straightforward case. Patients present with comorbidities and family circumstances that muddy the clinical picture and the treatment plan. This case-based episode focuses on how primary care providers can treat children with eating disorders. This episode will examine complicated eating disorder cases, featuring guests Angela C. Mattke, M.D. and Paige I. Partain, M.D., Mayo Clinic Children’s Center pediatricians, and colleagues and collaborators in the primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic at Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Ann E. Kearns, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Sanjeev (Sanj) Kakar, M.D. (@sanjkakar) It is estimated that worldwide, one in three women, and one in five men over the age of 50 will experience osteoporosis fractures during their lifetimes. In this podcast, we discuss risk factors and management of fragility fractures and bone health with Ann E. Kearns, M.D., Ph.D., a Consultant Endocrinologist and Associate Professor within the Department of Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guests: Angela C. Mattke, M.D. (@DrAngelaMattke); Paige I. Partain, M.D. Host: Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. We understand eating disorders are serious and evidence-based Family Based Treatment (FBT) is scarce but effective. This episode will discuss strategies informed by evidence based FBT principles that can be used by providers in primary care settings to address eating disorder symptoms. Though typically the responsibilities of primary care providers in eating disorder treatment are limited to case identification, referral, and medical management, these providers have vast experience empowering caregivers to help their children change behavior. Equipping primary care providers to deliver evidence-based treatment for restrictive eating disorders has the potential to expand access to early intervention and improve outcomes. Our guests for this episode are Angela C. Mattke, M.D. and Paige I. Partain, M.D., Mayo Clinic Children’s Center pediatricians, and colleagues and collaborators in the primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic at Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Ramla N. Kasozi, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) There is currently a debate regarding the use of race and ethnic categories in clinical decision-making. There are numerous studies which claim data from race is a factor and should be considered when designing practice guidelines and clinical algorithms. Some feel that any benefit is small compared to the potential harm that could occur regarding the past abuse of race used in medicine. Unfortunately, many questions remain unanswered. Is race a reliable proxy for genetic differences? Are there genetic differences which explain the basis behind race-based algorithms? And what are the potential dangers of using race-adjusted algorithms? This podcast reviews these topics with Ramla N. Kasozi, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H., a family physician at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guest(s): Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. Host: Angela C. Mattke, M.D. (@DrAngelaMattke) Eating disorders impact an estimated 3-15% of adolescents and, if left untreated, or only partially treated, can become chronic conditions. Relapse is also common in eating disorders with over 40% of patients reporting at least one relapse in some studies. Despite these sobering statistics, when adolescent patients complete a course of good, evidence-based treatment, they can expect to make and maintain a full recovery from their symptoms. Primary care providers play a critical role in helping patients and their families find care and determine whether the care they’re getting is having the right effect. This episode will concentrate on different types of eating disorder treatment: what’s out there and what the evidence says works best. Our guest is Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P., a Mayo Clinic child and adolescent psychologist and collaborator in the Mayo Clinic primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Sandra J. Taler, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Nearly half of all adults in the United States have some degree of hypertension and it’s one of the most common reasons patients are seen in an outpatient practice. The vast majority have essential or primary hypertension and they usually respond to a combination of lifestyle changes and often pharmacologic therapy. A small percentage of these cases have secondary hypertension and often do not respond to treatment unless the underlying cause is found and corrected. At times, it can be difficult to identify the cause of secondary hypertension as the clues may be quite subtle or even non-existent. Our guest for today’s podcast is Sandra J. Taler, M.D. from the Division of Nephrology and a hypertension specialist from the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss when you should suspect secondary hypertension, the clues the patient may give us regarding its cause and its management. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guests: Marcie L. Billings, M.D.; Paige I. Partain, M.D. Host: Angela C. Mattke, M.D. (@DrAngelaMattke) The medical evaluation for eating disorders is very important. It is the primary care provider’s role to rule out other causes of weight loss, especially when eating disorder signs might not be as apparent at the beginning or the patient isn’t entirely forthcoming. Additionally, the patient and their family have an inherent trust in a primary care provider as their long-term medical provider. This episode will focus on the medical evaluation and management of eating disorders – what vital signs are significant, what labs are necessary including how often they should be performed, how frequently patients need to be seen in collaboration with their therapist, and how to determine if a patient is medically unstable and needing immediate admission for monitoring and treatment. The guests for this episode are Marcie L. Billings, M.D. and Paige I. Partain, M.D., Mayo Clinic Children’s Center pediatricians, and colleagues and collaborators in the primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic at Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Ivan E. Porter, II M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Nearly half of all adults in the United States have hypertension and it’s one of the most common reasons for an outpatient visit. Despite this, it’s estimated that only about a fourth of those diagnosed with hypertension are adequately controlled and about 20% of adults with hypertension are unaware that they even have it. Since uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of cerebral, cardiac and renal events, it’s important to make an accurate diagnosis and appropriately manage patients with the condition. The topic for this podcast is hypertension and we’ll discuss the changes in blood pressure with aging, the definition of hypertension, the proper technique of checking blood pressure and helpful management techniques with today’s guest, Ivan E. Porter, II M.D., a nephrologist and hypertension specialist at the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guest: Paige I. Partain, M.D. Host: Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. Child and adolescent eating disorders are serious diseases, characterized by a range of physical and psychological consequences. They are often associated with a chronic course and numerous relapses. This episode focuses on how primary care providers can assess for and identify eating disorders in child and adolescent patients. We will discuss high yield assessment questions and tools that you can use in your primary care practice when you suspect a young patient may meet the criteria for an eating disorder. Our guest is Paige I. Partain, M.D., Mayo Clinic Children’s Center pediatrician and collaborator in the primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic at Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

To claim credit for this episode, visit: Mayo Clinic Talks Podcast: Eating Disorders Edition Guest: Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P. Host: Angela C. Mattke, M.D. (@DrAngelaMattke) Eating disorders are a huge problem in our country. Whether realizing it or not, primary care providers who treat teenagers are likely caring for patients with eating disorders. Though estimates vary, approximately 3-15% of adolescents will experience an eating disorder. Along with the numerous physical and psychological consequences of these illnesses, eating disorders also have the second-highest mortality rate of any mental illness: one in five patients will die from complications related to their eating disorder. This episode is the first episode in our Eating Disorders edition, which focuses on how primary care providers may treat children with eating disorders. This episode will concentrate on the basics: what are eating disorders, what do they do to our patients, and what myths and misunderstandings exist that hinder effective identification and treatment. Our guest is Jocelyn R. Lebow, Ph.D., L.P., a Mayo Clinic child and adolescent psychologist, and collaborator in the Mayo Clinic primary care child and adolescent eating disorder clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in March 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 continue to decline, leading to some optimism about the way forward from pandemic to endemic. But experts still urge caution as the omicron subvariant, named BA.2, has quickly become the dominant strain in the U.S. "When you look around the nation, all of the metrics, with the exception of BA.2, have fallen precipitously," explains Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "But we need to be very cautious about pretending that the pandemic is over." Dr. Poland explains that each time there has been a waning number of COVID-19 infections, people have let down their guard and relaxed precautions, which has led to another surge. Dr. Poland still recommends masking in crowded indoor settings and urges people to be fully vaccinated and boosted against COVID-19 to reduce the chance of infection. "We're just coming down into a quiet period," says Dr. Poland. "But every time we've seen this set of markers in the past, we've had a new variant that's caused a surge. The question is, will it be BA.2, one of the newer variants that have been identified, or something completely unexpected? We just don't know." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest COVID-19 news including potential changes to booster recommendations, data on vaccine protection for pregnant women, and the latest information on COVID-19 vaccines for children under 5.

Guest: John B. Kisiel, M.D. (@DrJohnKisiel) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer for both men and women and ranks second to lung cancer as a cause of cancer mortality. Yet it’s estimated that up to one quarter of eligible adults in the United States have never been screened for colorectal cancer and nearly one third are not up to date with their screening. We now have a variety of accepted screening tests for colorectal cancer and each carries its own risks and benefits. This podcast will review colorectal cancer screening, including when we should start screening, the various available screening tests, as well as their advantages and limitations. Our guest for this episode is gastroenterologist, Dr. John Kisiel from the Mayo Clinic. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Greg Vanichkachorn, M.D., M.P.H. (@DoctorGregVan) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) While most patients who have COVID-19 completely recover within a few weeks, there are some patients who continue to experience symptoms that can last for months. These patients may require our care for an extended period of time. Although much has been learned about COVID-19 over the past couple of years, there is still a great deal that’s not known. The topic for this podcast is post-COVID syndrome and our guest is Greg Vanichkachorn, M.D., M.P.H., a preventive medicine physician and specialist in Public Health. We’ll discuss the typical symptoms, duration of symptoms, and who is most likely to develop post-COVID syndrome. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in March 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) Last week marked two years since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. While infection rates and hospitalizations in the U.S. continue to decline, there are some areas of concern globally. "China, Hong Kong, Ireland, the U.K. and Denmark are seeing surges back up again," explains Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "These countries, many of us experts believe, prematurely dropped mask-wearing and nonpharmaceutical interventions, and really have stopped pushing and encouraging people to get vaccinated. I think that's a mistake." Dr. Poland explains that public health measures — and vaccination and boosters — are still the best way to protect yourself from COVID-19. "What can I say but what we have said all along," implores Dr. Poland. "Hands, face, space and vaccines. It works." On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest COVID-19 news, including a study on the true death toll of COVID-19, an update on the BA.2 variant and the latest on vaccines for children under 5.

Guest: Dawn Marie R. Davis, M.D. Host: Sanjeev (Sanj) Kakar, M.D. (@sanjkakar) Did you know that skin cancer is the number one cancer in the United States, with an estimated 3.5 million cases a year? In fact, your lifetime incidence is 1 in 5, or 20%. In this week’s podcast, Dawn Marie R. Davis, M.D., a Pediatric and Adult Dermatologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, discusses all things skin cancer. She provides tips and tricks in the management of common forms of skin cancer that providers need to be aware of when patients present with skin lesions. Dr. Davis also discusses the role of skin-protecting creams and their applicability to persons of all skin colors. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Ronald C. Petersen, M.D., Ph.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Nearly six million people in the United States age 65 and older have Alzheimer’s Disease; of these about 80% are 75 years old and older. It is a devastating disease, not only for the patient, but also for the family of the patient involved. Unfortunately, currently available treatment for Alzheimer’s has been disappointing. Cure or even stability of the cognitive loss is not possible. The topics for today’s podcast include mild cognitive impairment and dementia, focusing on Alzheimer’s Disease, and our guest is Ronald C. Petersen, M.D., a Mayo Clinic neurologist and specialist in Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias. We’ll discuss the evaluation, the current available treatment as well as what might be on the horizon in the management of this disease. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D. (@SharonneHayes) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for individuals in the United States. Many assume this is primarily a disease of men, but it also continues to be the leading cause of mortality in women, accounting for one of every three female deaths. There’s also evidence that symptoms of cardiovascular disease may be somewhat different than in males. As a result, women are often given a different evaluation and may receive different treatment than males. To help us sort this out, our guest for this podcast is Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D., a cardiologist and specialist in women’s heart disease from the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss the misconceptions of cardiovascular disease in women, the variety of symptoms they may develop and treatment considerations that may be different than men typically receive. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Eli Muchtar, M.D. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Amyloidosis is an uncommon disease, possibly even considered rare. It has a variety of presentations and some varieties tend to occur in association with other diseases. The presenting symptoms depend on the organ system involved. Unless we think of the condition, we may miss the opportunity to diagnose it early. As a result, many patients are diagnosed with amyloidosis at a rather advanced stage. The topic for this podcast is amyloidosis and our guest is Eli Muchtar, M.D., from the Division of Hematology at the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss the common organ systems affected by amyloidosis, how it’s diagnosed, the available treatment and the research currently taking place in amyloidosis. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in February 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) As the U.S. moves beyond the omicron surge of the COVID-19 pandemic, key indicators are dropping. "Both the acute indicators — number of cases — and the lagging indicators — hospitalizations and then deaths — are all dropping slowly, but they're surely dropping," says Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. Experts warn that caution is still needed to protect yourself in certain situations, including masking in crowded indoor settings and making sure you are up to date with your COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters. While the latest surge wanes, COVID-19 research continues. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest COVID-19 news, including a new study on the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart and why Pfizer is delaying the request for emergency use authorization of its COVID-19 vaccine for children under 5.

Guest: Sevann Helo, M.D. (@Helo_MD) Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Approximately one in seven couples is considered infertile. In a significant number of these couples, male infertility plays a role. Many of these couples will initially present to their primary care provider for help. Depending on our practice, we may not see all that many patients with this concern and, as a result, we might not be comfortable with the evaluation of the infertile couple. Today’s podcast will review infertility in males and hopefully give us a better understanding of the causes of infertility and how to evaluate the infertile male. Our guest for today’s podcast is Sevann Helo, M.D., a urologist at the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss what it takes for fertilization to take place, risk factors for infertility in males, the evaluation of the male for infertility, potential treatment options and effectiveness of treatment. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

Guest: Olivia (Liv) M. Muller, D.D.S. Host: Darryl S. Chutka, M.D. (@ChutkaMD) Dental caries and periodontal disease are commonly seen by primary care providers in the outpatient setting. In fact, dental caries is the most common disease in the United States, both in children and adults. Up to 50% of children have dental caries, and most adults have at least one tooth with decay or have a filling. Gingivitis is also quite common in adults; it is present in up to half of all individuals between the ages of 35 and 45. Yet, unless we go into dentistry, healthcare providers don’t get much training in the evaluation of dental conditions. The topic of discussion for this podcast is dental care and dental infections. Our guest is Olivia (Liv) M. Muller, D.D.S., an Assistant Professor of Dentistry at the Mayo Clinic. We’ll discuss which dental problems we’re likely to encounter in our patients, recommendations we can give them to prevent dental infections and some of the more common complications of dental infections. Connect with the Mayo Clinic’s School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.

This episode is shared from Mayo Clinic Q&A and was recorded in January 2022 Guest: Gregory A. Poland, M.D. (@drgregpoland) Host: Halena M. Gazelka, M.D. (@hmgazelkamd) The number of new COVID-19 cases in the U.S. is dropping as the omicron wave wanes in many places, but some parts of the country lag behind. "As a nation, it looks like we've kind of gotten to the peak and are now starting on the decline, but it's very uneven," explains Dr. Gregory Poland, head of Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group. "That's what's happening in the big Northeast cities, and maybe in L.A., for example. But if you look at the rest of the nation, it's not clear that they have peaked yet." And on the heels of the latest surge, a new omicron subvariant — BA.2 — is emerging. Early indications are that the new subvariant may be more transmissible, but it does not appear to cause more severe disease than the original omicron strain. Mayo experts, including Dr. Poland, continue to urge COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters as the best defense against the latest variants. "By getting two doses of vaccine and a booster, or a dose of Johnson & Johnson and a booster, you move yourself into a category of maximal protection such that if you have a normal immune system, you are probably going to have trivial or even asymptomatic disease if you get infected with COVID-19," explains Dr. Poland. On the Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast, Dr. Poland discusses the latest information on COVID-19 and answers listener questions.