History of the Second World War

We check in with the leadership situation in the aftermath of the coup, and then discuss the violence of the opening months of what was rapidly becoming a civil war. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Morris Brodie. One of the major reasons I wanted to do this interview series was to talk to people who had done research into the reactions of people outside of Spain to the events occurring within Spain. It can be challenging to research this myself given the scale of the world, and I was very excited with Dr. Brodie agreed to do the interview. Dr. Brodie is the author of Transatlantic Anarchism During the Spanish Civil War and Revolution, 1936-1939: Fury Over Spain which discusses the anarchist movements in Britain, Ireland, and the United States before and during the Spanish Civil War. This will be just the first of several interviews in which we discuss how various groups around the world viewed the Spanish Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War series I chatted with Dr. Danny Evans. Some of our previous interviews in this series revolved around Anarchism, and this time I discussed the Anarchist movement during the Civil War. We discussed the preparedness of the Anarchist groups for the war, their reactions to the start of the conflict, and then many of the political developments that occurred within the Republican camp as the Civil War developed. One topic that we discuss, that I think is worth reiterating here before the episode begins is that it can be easy to categorize people into certain political ideologies based on their self-categorization or due to the groups that they belong to. However, when looking at historical individuals or movements, it is far more important to look not at their statements or titles, but instead at their actions. This is true for Communists like we discuss in this episode, but can also be applied to many other groups at almost any time in history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As political unrest escalated military leaders all across Spain and Morocco began to put in place a plan to drastically alter the situation in Spain. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Matthew Kerry the author of Unite, Proletarian Brothers! Radicalism and Republicanism in the Second Spanish Republic which was released earlier this year. Our discussion focused on the events in Asturias, a region of Spain, in 1934. During October 1934, there would be a national strike throughout Spain, and in most areas this strike would be either quickly broken up or would rapidly burn itself out. However in Asturias the strike would morph into a true revolution and for two weeks Asturias would be under the control of revolutionary committees. In the end 1700 people would be killed in Asturias, and 260 members of the Spanish military. One of the topics that we touch on near the end and which I think is really important is the role that Asturias would play in Franco's narrative of imminent and very possible revolution during and after the events of the Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is our first episode in our Spanish Civil War interview series. In the decades before the Spanish Civil War Spain had experienced a very rocky political period. The Spanish economy had been somewhat precarious even before the economic upheavals of the First World War, and the resulting economic booms and busts of that war would set the country up for a tumultuous 1920s and 1930s. There were many different political beliefs present in Spain at this time, and one political ideology that would gain a lot of traction within Spain was Anarchism. In the following interview I chatted with Dr. James Yeoman to discuss why the Anarchist movement was so well supported within Spain, and how the role of anarchist groups both within Spain and as viewed by international Anarchists, played an important role in the years before the Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Over the last few months I have been recording interviews with a host of excellent guests. All of these interviews have been centered around one topic, the Spanish Civil War. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is the first interview for the podcast, but certainly not the last. Last week I released the Warspite special, when I did that I did the normal social media stuff, and when I posted on Twitter Iain Ballantyne was tagged. For every series of episodes for the podcast there is a foundational source, it is sometimes the book I read first, sometimes the book I find the most useful, but there is always something that functions as the baseline for all of my other research. For the Warspite special that episode was Mr. Ballantyne's Warspite. After a bit of back and forth on Twitter we ended up arranging an interview that was done just the past Wednesday, and I wanted to get it out as soon as possible. I hope you enjoy it, our conversation discussed a few pieces of the podcast, and some of the research that Mr. Ballantyne did for the book. If you would like to check out any of Mr. Ballantyne's books you can find a link in the show notes or on the website over at historyofthesecondworldwar.com/interviews. You can look forward to more interviews starting on Sunday December 13th, at which point the Spanish Civil War Interview series will begin. Find other works by Iain Ballantyne at http://iainballantyne.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Spanish politics would have a rough and rocky century before the First World War, and the uncertainty was only beginning. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the Italians moved into Ethiopia there was little doubt in how the war would end, unless another European power became involved. Sources: * Great Britain and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-1936 by Louis John Smith * Black Nationalism and the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict 1934-1936 by William r. Scott * 'No More Hoares to Pairs': British Foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935 by Andrew Holt * Canada, Sanctions, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 by Brock Millman * Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935-1936 by Peter C. Kent * The Catholic Missions, British West African Nationalists, and the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935-36 by S.K.B. Asante * The Effect of Italy's Expansionist Policies on Anglo-Egyptian Relations in 1935 by L. Morsy * The Ethiopian Intelligentsia and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1941 by Bahru Zewde * Imperial Links: The Italian-Ethiopian War and Japanese New Order Thinking, 1935-36 by Reto Hofmann * Imperial Defense in the Mediterranean on the Eve of the Ethiopian Crisis (July-October 1935) by Rosario Quartararo * The Japanese and the Italo-Ethiopian Crisis, 1935-36 by S.O. Agbi * The League's Handling of the Italo-Abyssinian Dispute by Alfred Zimmern * The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis by Gaines Post Jr. * The Test of Aggression in the Italo-Ethiopian War by Quincy Wright * The Hoare-Laval Plan: A Study in International Politics by Henderson B. Braddick * The Royal Navy and the Ethiopian Crisis of 1935-36 by Arthur Marder * The World Crisis of 1936 by Marquess of Lothian * British West Indian Reaction to the Italian-Ethiopian War: An Episode in Pan-Africanism by Robert G. Weisbord * British Policy in East Africa, March 1891-May 1935 by James C. Robertson Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A memorial stands near Prussia Cove in Southwest England, a small reminder of a ship that had served its purpose, defending a worldwide empire for 30 years and during some of its darkest days. It reads "HMS Warspite 1915 - 1945 Ran aground and broken up on these rocks 1947, her final haven. Known to all who served aboard her as The Grand Old Lady. May she with many gallant shipmates rest in peace."During this long episode we will discuss the entire life of the ship, from the design of the Queen Elizabeth class battleships that would be launched in 1915, through the First World War and Jutland, the great unknown of the interwar years, the refits of the 1920s and 1930s, into war once again in 1939, and then finally to Warspite's final campaigns in 1945 as an old, battered, and broken ship. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In October 1935 Italian forces would invade Ethiopia ending months of negotiations and discussions that attempted to find a peaceful end to tensions that had been growing for over a year. Sources: * Great Britain and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935-1936 by Louis John Smith * Black Nationalism and the Italo-Ethiopian Conflict 1934-1936 by William r. Scott * 'No More Hoares to Pairs': British Foreign policymaking and the Abyssinian Crisis, 1935 by Andrew Holt * Canada, Sanctions, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935 by Brock Millman * Between Rome and London: Pius XI, the Catholic Church, and the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935-1936 by Peter C. Kent * The Catholic Missions, British West African Nationalists, and the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia, 1935-36 by S.K.B. Asante * The Effect of Italy's Expansionist Policies on Anglo-Egyptian Relations in 1935 by L. Morsy * The Ethiopian Intelligentsia and the Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1941 by Bahru Zewde * Imperial Links: The Italian-Ethiopian War and Japanese New Order Thinking, 1935-36 by Reto Hofmann * Imperial Defense in the Mediterranean on the Eve of the Ethiopian Crisis (July-October 1935) by Rosario Quartararo * The Japanese and the Italo-Ethiopian Crisis, 1935-36 by S.O. Agbi * The League's Handling of the Italo-Abyssinian Dispute by Alfred Zimmern * The Machinery of British Policy in the Ethiopian Crisis by Gaines Post Jr. * The Test of Aggression in the Italo-Ethiopian War by Quincy Wright * The Hoare-Laval Plan: A Study in International Politics by Henderson B. Braddick * The Royal Navy and the Ethiopian Crisis of 1935-36 by Arthur Marder * The World Crisis of 1936 by Marquess of Lothian * British West Indian Reaction to the Italian-Ethiopian War: An Episode in Pan-Africanism by Robert G. Weisbord * British Policy in East Africa, March 1891-May 1935 by James C. Robertson Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In early 1936 German troops would move into the Rhineland, in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi leaders were planning for a war, but to fight a war they needed an army, equipment, and an economy that could support both. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is a bit of a grab bag of topics. The Nazi government would put in place the Nuremberg Laws to further their discrimination against Jews, while also being unable to define who actually should be discriminated against. In early 1935 a small part of Germany would decide whether to join with France. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi leaders had goals, and those goals required changes to be made. The people, the church, and the children would be only some of the areas effected. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After attaining power changes would be made to German society, but before those changes could be made control had to be guaranteed. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Nazi government would come to power at the height of the worst unemployment crisis in Germany since the First World War. It was a problem that had to be addressed, and they would do so in many different ways. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

While not a priority for the new Nazi government, the German economy would have to be considered if it wanted to accomplish its goals. Sources: The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After asserting power in the political realm, it was time for the Nazi party to deal with the demon that it had created, the SA. Sources: The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Throughout the Spring and Summer of 1933 the new Nazi regime would start to make changes, some big, some small, some just a small part of larger plans. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the aftermath of the Reichstag Fire, the scheduled election would be held in Germany. The results were surprising, but it did not prevent the Nazi leaders from moving forward with the next part of their plan, the Enabling Act. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Just a month after the Nazi led government was created, an event with lasting ramifications would occur. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

January 1933 would see the end of the Schleicher government that lasted under two months, and on January 30th a new era in Germany would begin. Check out Pax Britannica: https://paxbritannica.info/ Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Another round of political chaos results in another national election, with disappointing results for the Nazi party. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A German Presidential election was scheduled for 1932, and it would perfectly illustrate how divided the German political landscape had become. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The 1930 election would result in a drastic shift in German politics. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Weimar Republic would be dealt a poor hand, but they would make it worse. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The middle years of the 1920s would be a challenging period for the Nazi Party as it tried to find its way. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1923 the National Socialists would try to move things along by launching a putsch in Munich, it would go very poorly. Links to some Mein Kampf translations can be found here: http://historyofthesecondworldwar.com/episodes/the-third-reich-supplements/ Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Germany would play a critical role in driving events during the interwar period, and within Germany political volatility would cause drastic changes. Roadmap and full text of 25 points can be found here: http://historyofthesecondworldwar.com/episodes/the-third-reich-supplements/ Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources The Coming of the Third Reich by Richard J. Evans Germany and the Second World War Volume 1: The Build-Up of German Aggression by Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann, and Wolfram Wette Hitler: A Biography by Ian Kershaw The Third Reich by Thomas Childers The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer France and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, 1936 by Stephen A. Schuker The First Capitulation: France and the Rhineland Crisis of 1936 by R.A.C. Parker (1956) France, Germany, and the Saar by A.J.P. Taylor (1952) The Franco-Polish Alliance and the Remilitarization of the Rhineland by George Sakwa French Intelligence and Hitler's Rise to Power by Peter Jackson Great Britain and the Saar Plebiscite of 13 January 1935 by C.J. Hill Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine by Zach Shore Hitler's Thirty Days to Power: January 1933 by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. Prologue to Peacekeeping: Ireland and the Saar, 1934-35 by Michael Kennedy Fantasy and Reality in Nazi Work-Creation Programs, 1933-1936 by Dan P. Silverman Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones Causes and Consequences of the Plebiscite in the Saar by E.W (1955) The Purge of the SA Reconsidered: "An Old Putschist Trick"? by Eleanor Hancock The Remilitarization of the Rhineland and its Impact on the French-Polish Alliance by Roman D. Bicki (1969) Rohm and Hitler: The Continuity of Political-Military Discord by David Jablonsky The German Roman Catholic Hierarchy and the Saar Plebiscite of 1935 by Guenter Lewy (1964) Saar Coal After Two World Wars by O.R. Reischer Schacht's Regulation of Money and the Capital Markets by Arthur Schweitzer (1948) The Myth of Chancellor Von Schleicher's Querfront Strategy by Henry Ashby Turner Jr. The Struggle for Control of the German Economy by Amos E. Simpson The Nazi State and German Society: A Brief History with Documents by Robert G. Moeller Franz von Papen, Catholic Conservatives, and the Establishment of the Third Reich, 1933-1934 by Larry Eugene Jones Franz von Papen, the German Center Party, and the Failure of Catholic Conservatism in the Weimar Republic by Larry Eugene Jones British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We end our series on the Great Depression by taking a deeper dive into how the German government chose to interact with rampant unemployment. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources China During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko Shiroyama Germany and the Great Depression by Dieter Petzina The Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar Rothermund Japan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha Sinha The Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia Clavin The Forgotten Man by Amity Shales The Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth Galbraith The Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia Clavin The Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian Jackson The Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris Cook The World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles Kindleberger Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. Stachura The Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin Life Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. Catalano The Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry Eichengreen Socialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Depression was a worldwide phenomenon, but in this episode we focus on just two states: France and Britain. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources China During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko Shiroyama Germany and the Great Depression by Dieter Petzina The Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar Rothermund Japan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha Sinha The Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia Clavin The Forgotten Man by Amity Shales The Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth Galbraith The Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia Clavin The Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian Jackson The Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris Cook The World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles Kindleberger Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. Stachura The Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin Life Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. Catalano The Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry Eichengreen Socialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the early 1930s the depression would spread around the globe. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources China During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko Shiroyama Germany and the Great Depression by Dieter Petzina The Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar Rothermund Japan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha Sinha The Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia Clavin The Forgotten Man by Amity Shales The Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth Galbraith The Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia Clavin The Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian Jackson The Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris Cook The World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles Kindleberger Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. Stachura The Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin Life Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. Catalano The Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry Eichengreen Socialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Great Depression would have many causes, this episode discusses two of them. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources China During the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929-1937 by Tomoko Shiroyama Germany and the Great Depression by Dieter Petzina The Global Impact of the Great Depression: 1929-1939 by Dietmar Rothermund Japan and World Depression: Then and Now Edited By Ronald Dore and Radha Sinha The Failure of Economic Diplomacy: Britain, Germany, France and the United States 1931-36 by Patricia Clavin The Forgotten Man by Amity Shales The Great Crash of 1929 by John Kenneth Galbraith The Great Depression in Europe, 1929-1939 by Patricia Clavin The Politics of Depression in France 1923-1936 by Julian Jackson The Slump: Britain and the Great Depression by John Stevenson and Chris Cook The World in Depression 1929-1939 by Charles Kindleberger Unemployment and the Great Depression in Weimar Germany Edited By Peter D. Stachura The Gold Standard and the Great Depression by Barry Eichengreen and Peter Temin Life Expectancy during the Great Depression in Eleven European Countries by Tim A. Bruckner, Andrew Noymer, and Ralph A. Catalano The Origins and Nature of the Great Slump Revisited by Barry Eichengreen Socialism and Wages in the Recovery from the Great Depression in the United States and Germany by Peter Temin Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Italy represented the first nation to come under the control of a Fascist government, and they would do everything in their power to keep it that way. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources Fascism in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio Gentile Fascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert Szymanski The Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla Stone The Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles Keserich Italian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. Noether The Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo Columbo Mussolini's Italy by R.J.B. Bosworth The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher Duggan The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian Lyttelton Austro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard Botz The British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles Keserich Communist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. Cammett Fascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. Schnapp Fascism and the French Revolution by George L. Mosse Fascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. Kasza Fascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl Levy Fascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. Kallis Fascists by Michael Mann The Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. Paxton The Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. Edwards Introduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. Mosse How Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. Roberts Interpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto Vivarelli Italian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul Corner National Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang Sauer The Nature of Fascism by Roger Griffin The Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John Horne Pacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the March on Rome Mussolini would be made Prime Minister. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources Fascism in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio Gentile Fascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert Szymanski The Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla Stone The Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles Keserich Italian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. Noether The Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo Columbo Mussolini's Italy by R.J.B. Bosworth The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher Duggan The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian Lyttelton Austro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard Botz The British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles Keserich Communist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. Cammett Fascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. Schnapp Fascism and the French Revolution by George L. Mosse Fascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. Kasza Fascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl Levy Fascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. Kallis Fascists by Michael Mann The Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. Paxton The Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. Edwards Introduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. Mosse How Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. Roberts Interpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto Vivarelli Italian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul Corner National Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang Sauer The Nature of Fascism by Roger Griffin The Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John Horne Pacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In October 1922 the Fascists would take an important step, and they would stage a March on Rome. The results were as good as they could have possibly imagined. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources Fascism in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio Gentile Fascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert Szymanski The Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla Stone The Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles Keserich Italian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. Noether The Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo Columbo Mussolini's Italy by R.J.B. Bosworth The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher Duggan The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian Lyttelton Austro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard Botz The British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles Keserich Communist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. Cammett Fascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. Schnapp Fascism and the French Revolution by George L. Mosse Fascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. Kasza Fascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl Levy Fascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. Kallis Fascists by Michael Mann The Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. Paxton The Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. Edwards Introduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. Mosse How Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. Roberts Interpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto Vivarelli Italian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul Corner National Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang Sauer The Nature of Fascism by Roger Griffin The Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John Horne Pacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The rise of Fascism throughout Europe, beginning in Italy, would be an important catalyst for future events. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources Fascism in Italian Historiography: In Search of an Individual Historical Identity by Emilio Gentile Fascism, Industrialism, and Socialism: The Case of Italy by Albert Szymanski The Fascist Revolution in Italy: A Brief History in Documents by Marla Stone The Fiftieth year of the "March on Rome": Recent Interpretations of Fascism by Charles Keserich Italian Intellectuals Under Fascism by Emiliana P. Noether The Meaning of Fascism in Italy: Fifty Years After the Fall by Philip V. Cannestraro, Claudio G. Segre, Alexander De Grand, and Furo Columbo Mussolini's Italy by R.J.B. Bosworth The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy Since 1796 by Christopher Duggan The Seizure of Power: Fascism in Italy 1919-1929 by Adrian Lyttelton Austro-Marxist Interpretation of Fascism by Gerhard Botz The British Labour Press and Italian Fascism, 1922-25 by Charles Keserich Communist Theories of Fascism, 1920-1935 by John M. Cammett Fascinating Fascism by Jeffrey T. Schnapp Fascism and the French Revolution by George L. Mosse Fascism from below? A Comparative Perspective on the Japanese Right, 1931-1936 by Gregory J. Kasza Fascism, National Socialism and Conservatives in Europe, 1914-1945: Issues for Comparativists by Carl Levy Fascist Ideology: Territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945 by Aristotle A. Kallis Fascists by Michael Mann The Five Stages of Fascism by Robert O. Paxton The Foreign Office and Fascism 1924-1929 by P.G. Edwards Introduction: The Genesis of Fascism by George L. Mosse How Not to Think about Fascism and Ideology, Intellectual Antecedents and Historical Meaning by David D. Roberts Interpretations of the Origins of Fascism by Roberto Vivarelli Italian Fascism: Whatever Happened to Dictatorship? by Paul Corner National Socialism: Totalitarianism or Fascism? by Wolfgang Sauer The Nature of Fascism by Roger Griffin The Origins and Nature of Fascism and Nazism in Europe by John Horne Pacifism, Feminism, and Fascism in Inter-War France by Sandi E. Cooper Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

During the 1920s and 1930s the League of Nations would have many issues when attempting to execute on one of its most important goals, disarmament. It would not be the only challenge that the League would face in the 1930s. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources: Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira Iriye A History of the League of Nations by F.P Walters The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan Pedersen In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock Kaufman Collective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. Egerton Transnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm Wessels Getting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan Pedersen A "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard Davies The League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne Sealey The League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. Callahan Japan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. Burkman Exporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita Zanasi The League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. Beck The League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole Fink Imperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. Stone The League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthy The Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. Khodnev Mapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru Grigorescu Minorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark Mazower The League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna Lloyd The Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew Webster Turkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Among its many goals the League of Nations hoped to oversee a new way for European colonialism to manifest around the world. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources: Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira Iriye A History of the League of Nations by F.P Walters The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan Pedersen In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock Kaufman Collective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. Egerton Transnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm Wessels Getting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan Pedersen A "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard Davies The League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne Sealey The League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. Callahan Japan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. Burkman Exporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita Zanasi The League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. Beck The League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole Fink Imperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. Stone The League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthy The Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. Khodnev Mapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru Grigorescu Minorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark Mazower The League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna Lloyd The Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew Webster Turkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Paris Peace Conference would result in the creation of the League of Nations, designed to foster communication and cooperation between all nations. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Sources: Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World by Akira Iriye A History of the League of Nations by F.P Walters The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire by Susan Pedersen In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China's Diplomacy and the League of Nations by Alison Adcock Kaufman Collective Security as Political Myth: Liberal Internationalism and the League of Nations in Politics and History by George W. Egerton Transnationalism and the League of Nations: Understanding the Work of Its Economic and Financial Organization by Patrician Clavin and Jens-Wilhelm Wessels Getting Out of Iraq-in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood by Susan Pedersen A "Great Experiment" of the League of Nations Era: International Nongovernmental Organizations, Global Governance, and Democracy Beyond the State by Thomas Richard Davies The League of Nations Health Organisation and the Evolution of Transnational Public Health by Patricia Anne Sealey The League of Nations, International Terrorism, and British Foreign Policy, 1934-1938 by Michael D. Callahan Japan and the League of Nations: An Asian Power Encounters the "European Club" by Thomas W. Burkman Exporting Development: The League of Nations and Republican China by Margherita Zanasi The League of Nations and the Great Powers, 1936-1940 by Peter J. Beck The League of Nations and the Minorities Question by Carole Fink Imperialism and Sovereignty: The League of Nations' Drive to Control Global Arms Trade by David R. Stone The League of Nations, Public Ritual and National Identity in Britain, c. 1919-56 by Helen McCarthy The Legacies of Woodrow Wilson and the League of Nations in Russia by Alexander S. Khodnev Mapping the UN - League of Nations Analogy: Are There Still Lessons to be Learned from the League by Alexandru Grigorescu Minorities and the League of Nations in Interwar Europe by Mark Mazower The League of Nations and the Settlement of Disputes by Lorna Lloyd The Transnational Dream: Politicians, Diplomats and Soldiers in the League of Nations' Pursuit of International Disarmament, 1920-1939 by Andrew Webster Turkey's Entrance into the League of Nations by Yucel Guclu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the First World War was over, the leaders of the victorious nations convened a Conference in Paris to determine what terms would be presented to their defeated enemies. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The First World War would cast a shadow over the next two decades, altering the course of nations. In this episode we discuss, in the briefest way I know how, the History of the Great War. Website Patreon Twitter Facebook Discord Email: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Season 1 of the podcast will be all about the much neglected interwar years. During this period there were many changes that are critical to understanding the start and course of the Second World War.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

History of the Second World War is a (mostly) weekly podcast that will cover the events of the Second World War in (rough) chronological order.WebsitePatreonTwitterFacebookDiscordEmail: [email protected] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices