
Excellent Health Digest
332 episodes — Page 7 of 7
Stress Hormones - Health QaA Weekly
they also looked at patients who had PTSD suicidal ideation so those are your severe depression patients and bipolar disorder and they looked at all of their stress hormones they looked at cortisol they looked at aldosterone is a hormone that goes up when you're trying to save sodium into your circulation like if you cut off an arm and you're bleeding out that's why we have aldosterone but it is a stress hormone look to DHEA DHS a sex hormone that comes from your adrenal glands they also looked at estrogen and testosterone levels and what they found is that in the marathon runners, their cortisol levels and they're all aldosterone just went up a little bit but it was only temporary whereas they saw in these soldiers who are out there for two weeks and you know bad conditions their aldosterone went up three times normal what it should be Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Heavy Metals And Autoimmune Diseases - Health QaA Weekly
"...So today we're going to talk about an unavoidably controversial subject and that is does heavy metals cause autoimmune disease and it's it's and the reason I say that is I do all the intakes here and so I hear the patient's histories and hear what they've been through and Europe told we had a lot of patients that come in here who've been through a ton of heavy metal stuff I had time to get here and nothing happened I have heard the stories of the person's got Mercury out of their mouth and they got better and I've also seen it way more people coming in here with your logical reactions from heavy metals and and and everything in between so so it's its primary tool for some Physicians there's just been a lot of research over along a road I think of at least five or six or eight or nine years please I know like Jesus but he even was already exciting research on the...that it wasn't good for everybody dr. Crosby and who wrote a book on the brain and so so it's when I say it's kind of controversial the people who hang onto it still seemed to cling to it me as a primary factor now there are also collations that you can get online Galatians in the mail and I'm not sure that you know that's a good thing to do without some sort of background information as to what you're getting into maybe even an understanding of what can happen if you have certain abnormalities that a lot of autoimmune patients have like a bad blood-brain barrier bad got very bad lung barrier any way that I can get something to study art study he's going to talk about some of the new studies and so I think that we've seen here we don't see a lot of heavy metal problems here and we do primarily chronic pain we do line disease we do fibromyalgia propriety we do all kinds of..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Health QaA Weekly-Trailer
"...so we dug Gates is a board-certified functional neurologist I'm a functional medicine practitioner we've probably been in functional medicine since the Inception of its explosion if you will well way before its explosion and dr. Gates is affiliated with I would say the group of doctors that almost could say that they help to originate or maybe they did help originate bring rehab exercises and we've developed a pretty much a chronic pain practice okay I got a migraine that goes away I don't need you guys well I get migraines and they never go away I need and I could be fibromyalgia peripheral neuropathy or chronic fatigue or just a number of things so we've we are going to be answering questions from our listeners and the podcast from our viewers on we try to put together a representative compendium of questions that we think will be interesting to those of you who apparently view our products here if you want to call them that over over quite some time because it looks like a lot of these questions are from people who have given a lot of thought to their health the questions that we are seeing here some are very general some are very specific we don't see patients who particularly one particular question or one particular dietary 13 question relative to a supplement is going to make that much of a difference in their in their health that it doesn't that they don't show up here but certainly there are people who don't show up here dietary change has helped them or supplement changes help them and so we're going to address those those issues and we're going to dress those folks also so do you want me to just go down let's go down the so we have a we have a long list we're not going to get through all of them we're going to spend about 15 or 20 minutes going over over these..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Multiple Sclerosis - Health Faqs Weekly
"...do you want me to just go down let's go down the so we haven't we have a long list we're not going to get through all of them we're going to spend about 15 or 20 minutes going over over these questions and we'll see how far along we get so the first one and these are quotes right off of the right off of the websites and from you so first one is a question about multiple sclerosis what is your thought on stress and multiple sclerosis so what I would say is that with most odd immune diseases what we find is that stress can be an exacerbating Factor when you look at the literature that holds true for many different conditions when it comes to Ms lots of times you'll read will stress may not be a major factor or Diet isn't a major factor but we would say in our clinical experience we disagree substantially any time an individual is under chronic stress just looking at the basic physiology of it you're going to decrease blood flow to the gas...hustle track is putting your body into a state of fight-or-flight ready to fight the line or run from it so to speak and in doing so we know the literature on Ms is robust on the gastrointestinal related to the illness meaning it has been shown that the gastrointestinal tract breaks down and patients who have MS and that leads to immune activation which is also seemingly associated with the immune activation in the brain so we would say stress can be a major component of Ms we've seen viral infections cause patients to go from you know basically secondary Progressive to primary Progressive we've seen the same thing with stress responses so stress is a major factor and if it is present not only in Ms or any other autoimmune illness it's one of the main factors that we have to address some yeah more in general if you're any type of a chronic pain patient the cliff notes on stresses when your chronic stress it can affect your brain it can cause short-term memory loss..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - Hormone Imbalance In Male
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time when dealing with health issues related to the "Male Hormones". Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the "Male Hormones"(causes/symptoms/treatment)... Join us as we tell all the truth untold about that health condition that worries you and makes you lose sleep. Get a breakdown of over 500+ sicknesses and health conditions and the best ways of managing and preventing these diseases and health conditions. For more episodes just click on the subscribe button and you won't miss new episodes published weekly. It's 100% free. Thanks for listening. Join us again soon on the next episode. Enjoy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - Stress Pt2
"...just a number of things now I can't put them all on order and review them that we've gone through the history we've gone through the exam we've gone through so many of the basics of what needs to be done the and now we're going to start moving into a little bit more into treatment and this this topic today which is stress and how chronic stress creates and or perpetuates chronic conditions is kind of it's kind of a borderline foundational issue and it's kind of a its kind of also a huge functional issue as far as relative to the Future talks are going to be for example about the large intestines small intestines the stomach how they all play into each other the order in which to attack them and so when person comes into our office we once we decided that they're probably a good candidate we have them fill out an...I have one section of about maybe 12 questions on the..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - Stress Pt1
"...just a number of things now I can't put them all on order and review them that we've gone through the history we've gone through the exam we've gone through so many of the basics of what needs to be done the and now we're going to start moving into a little bit more into treatment and this this topic today which is stress and how chronic stress creates and or perpetuates chronic conditions is kind of it's kind of a borderline foundational issue and it's kind of a its kind of also a huge functional issue as far as relative to the Future talks are going to be for example about the large intestines small intestines the stomach how they all play into each other the order in which to attack them and so when person comes into our office we once we decided that they're probably a good candidate we have them fill out an...I have one section of about maybe 12 questions on the intestines and then we have another test area on maybe five questions on intestinal permeability we have five pages of questions on the brain and brain chemistry and brain chemistry when it goes abnormal results in anxiety it results in panic attacks or results in the Prussian it results in inflammation it results the bottom line is all of these different physiological neurological abnormalities create a lot of problems I would make the argument that it's at least a ginormous contributor to this expanding group of patients who are The Chronic pain patients the autoimmune patients and and I'm going to we're going to understand why things..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - The Pancreas
"...the basics last time we were talking about stomach and its and its place in the great hierarchy of taking care of patients with functional medicine concept that I keep hoping to get to you is that there are a lot of moving pieces to this there's an organization to it you really need to beginning when you attack a case kind of get a feel for what all the moving parts are for that particular patient is what we've been talking we've talked about that there's what we've been talking about now and and now we are at the pancreas and the pancreas is kind of interesting most people know pancreas relative to somebody who drinks too much acute pancreatitis most people know that that's not a good thing and that if you hear that you start making plans and not always but it's you know when their pancreas gets that bad it's your it can frequently be a life-and-death situation most people know pancreas with diabetes particularly Diabetes Type 1 get real familiar with their pancreas but it's interesting we don't normally see the pancreas being a huge huge player in our world as far as the necessary to start throwing pancreatic enzymes on it are our bovine pancreatic tissue added or anything like that because of the way that we dressed cases the way that classic functional medicine should address cases symptoms of the pancreas I have a cheat sheet here okay so difficulty digesting roughage are fiber okay and it's not so not after protein it's a lot of it's very similar symptoms to lack of hydrochloric acid which we talked about..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - The Large Intestines
"...you start out with the largest has a lot of people don't realize that the dysbiosis all these things that they're hearing about are a lot of them are are in the and I made a mistake when I said microbiome that's more your that's more to the small intestines but but large intestines the symptoms would be feeling that balance do not empty completely so and within the framework of this entire category there are specifics a lower abdominal pain relief by gas passing store gas means we have a bacterial problem gas is a bacterial problem okay it's the breakdown of bad bacteria you can get a couple gases but if you get if you get a methane gas that's sibo and small that's a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth that can be gas that can be bloating that can be passing large amounts of foul smell you have sir has in large amounts of foul-smelling gas and you get distension after you eat there's a good chance that you might have something called small intestinal bacterial overgrowth that alternating constipation diarrhea and I first and we're treating a case we're looking at the gut and we're like okay 75% of the immune system is in the gut this person has Hashimoto's whatever it is if you have an autoimmune problem which seventy-five percent of the immune system is in they got most of you have mystery diseases you're struggling you can't figure out what's going on in and everything's normal and your doctor's time you have an autoimmune component to your condition okay so so another symptom alternating constipation and diarrhea this is called irritable bowel syndrome okay here will bowel syndrome is our alerts us to the fact that person is probably in a chronic stress response..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - Leaky Gut
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time when dealing with health issues related to the "Leaky Guts". Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the "Leaky Guts" (causes/symptoms/treatment)... Join us as we tell all the truth untold about that health condition that makes you lose sleep and denies you 100% "Health And Fitness". Get a breakdown of over 500+ sicknesses and health conditions and the best ways of managing and preventing these diseases and health conditions. For more episodes just click on the subscribe button and you won't miss new episodes published weekly. It's 100% free. Thanks for listening. Join us again soon on the next episode Enjoy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Chronic Health Condition Vs Functional Medicine - The Adrenals
...today we're going to go on to speak about the notorious adrenal gland and I kind of I'm kind of looking forward to this you can talk are several things that I several points that I really want to hit because when I first got into this I got into it in a different way than a lot of people get into alternative medicine and I wasn't brought up in fact I had they really aren't given their due by being called stress glands because then it makes everybody think that it's all about motion and certainly it's about emotional stress that can be about eventually it can be about mental stress it could be about unhealthy relationships all of those things can create stress hormones that will or situations where your pituitary...last time your adrenal put out stress hormones but it's but there's so many things that affect the adrenals and so for example you can have food if you have food sensitivities let me let me step back on this so what happens when the how to dreams get activated basically something where you either hit the fear Center of your brain will go at the mental stress first that hits the fear Center of your brain so that is called the amygdala so your frontal lobe here goes there's danger I don't like it tells this part of your brain called the amygdala to and that's the fear Center your brain that we need energy we need energy because I'm going into kind of a little fight/flight response here or a big fight flight response Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Liver Pt 2
"...liver and for those of you again who are just tuning in I I walked through this it from the eyes of a daily practitioner and what they actually see in practice so for example on liver I'm not going to be going through cirrhosis and all the herpes viruses and all that we might touch on the virus a little bit because that's not what we see we don't generally see people coming in here yeah and phased you know liver cirrhosis and alcoholic you know cirrhosis or hepatitis or a no well I just I rarely see those things that that person is already gone and to the medical field and gotten all the tests and then they come here or they are they get fixed that way so so the liver is kind of interesting in our world the..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Liver
"...liver and for those of you again who are just tuning in I I walked through this it from the eyes of a daily practitioner and what they actually see in practice so for example on liver I'm not going to be going through cirrhosis and all the herpes viruses and all that we might touch on the virus a little bit because that's not what we see we don't generally see people coming in here yeah and phased you know liver cirrhosis and alcoholic you know cirrhosis or hepatitis or a no well I just I rarely see those things that that person is already gone and to the medical field and gotten all the tests and then they come here or they are they get fixed that way so so the liver is kind of interesting in our world the..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Gluten
"...in chronic conditions and chronic diseases which is just my practice is the great mystery disease practice of like I got pain everywhere all my tests are normal you know if so some of my colleagues call it the mystery disease practice so gluten is a big part of that gluten has is potentially a big part of that I want to clear up a few things on gluten Okay so without getting into it too heavily gluten is a protein that's found in Wheat naturally occurring there's a lot of different theories as to why it's becoming a big problem in and you can find them online I'll just hit a few of them one of the theories is that we're modifying or genetically modifying it so that we can make more wheat and feed the world okay and that's a nice thing to do and it's very odd..." "...rustic the way that we can feed the world is because now we can use more of the toxins that we put on there to kill the bugs and then we're able to make more was crop your crops and thus make more weak okay problem is the genetically modified wheat gluten is what's called a very sticky protein okay we're going to talk about the sticky protein is why it's used in everything that's why it's used in soy sauce has its why Susan cake mixes it's why it's used in pizzas and every day it sticks things together okay and also because and as many of you understand that the inside of our intestines is where 70% of our immune system it has a significantly profound effect on our immune system a lot of the time gluten..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Oxygen
"...today we're going to get to back to we're going to get oxygen okay we're going to talk about following the fuel so the first thing of the basics of getting better is to follow the fuel now what is the fuel that makes our physiology work the two main fuels that make our you work our oxygen and glucose okay and don't again don't under estimate the supposed Simplicity of where I'm going with this because we're going to talk about glucose and our next presentation okay today is going to be strictly about oxygen and people say well you know I get oxygen and if the person's like can't breathe and they've had a stroke or they've had COPD or they something like that they need auction but the reality is most of the people running around on planet Earth or at least in this country well and we're finding out several other countries from people who come here they don't have enough oxygen going to their extremities they don't have enough oxygen going to their brain and a lot of us would argue that means they do have a lot of oxygen or enough oxygen going to their enteric nervous system meaning the nervous system that controls your intestines so oxygen is is kind of vital realize that if you stop breathing for a short period of time that probably would be a good representation of how important oxygen is okay but on a subtle level we need oxygen to make okay if functional medicine is about anything it's probably about looking at all of the organ in the body all of the feedback mechanisms in the body all the biochemical systems in the body that contribute to Chronic conditions that are not working..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Supplements
"...and I'll say are they helping you and astonishingly they'll say no I don't know if they're helping me no or I don't know if they're helping with their afraid not they've read that they need them because this one is for oxidation and this one brings down inflammation and I was texting just like drugs you should know whether your supplements are helping you or not like when you're using a farm you're not going to come into me and go I had AA car you gave me this and I don't know if it helped me around if a person comes in and they're taking a high-grade supplement that I've given them the effect is because it hasn't been dosed up enough and then you would know to do sit up if a person comes in and I give them a supplement most of the time but the next time or two I see him they're going to say I feel better I feel worse either I'm good either way because it tells me something about their physiology okay that's what you should be experienced if you're taking like..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Diet
with all these Foods you go you're all the ones that says you're not sensitive to in the next thing you're getting sick or just happened to me about five times blew up the whole program and and food sensitivities are as big a part of what is the diet for me what diet should I eat for fibromyalgia what do I shave for irritable bowel syndrome as anything but they're not the only thing so let me walk you through what we've come up I Now understand we've traded we've had over 40,000 patients come through this Clinic over the period of time I've been around and although we haven't treated all of them we've treated most or a lot of them are probably well over half of them but we've interviewed all of them and we evaluated all of them so we have a pretty good idea kind of coming ongoing clinical trial of like what works and what doesn't work the everybody who comes into us well not everybody today today my patient population knows about diet more than ever before I'm usually shocked when I have a patient Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Obstacle To Cure
"...obvious that a lot of people know but maybe not so obvious like Dental a lot of times when you go into it like a functional medicine practitioners office we always have a good relationship with dentists are we don't always have a dentist that's in our office or those types of things I myself for those of you don't know I have a lot of this I've had fibromyalgia when I have fibromyalgia peripheral neuropathy chronic Celiac and I can go on and on Levin look at all the other stuff that we've done and I talked about that so I but I've been through this and I have had infections in your mouth that are undetected they can really really sabotage okay so if you're looking on if you're if you're you're online and you're looking online and you're taking this supplement for that and that's something we're for this and you just diet no it's not a lot of things I'm going to talk about today are going to be the reason one of the biggest things is Dental infections I had it myself like everything else and it took us a while to get rid of it because I didn't want to get my tooth..." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Trailer| Functional Medicine - Obstacle To Cure
trailerJoin us Monday for a fresh new episode that explains the "obstacles to patient treatment or cure". See you Monday; Enjoy the show "...obvious that a lot of people know but maybe not so obvious like Dental a lot of times when you go into it like a functional medicine practitioners office we always have a good relationship with dentists are we don't always have a dentist that's in our office or those types of things I myself for those of you don't know I have a lot of this I've had fibromyalgia when I have fibromyalgia peripheral neuropathy chronic Celiac and I can go on and on Levin look at all the other stuff that we've done and I talked about that Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Thyroids Pt2
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the untold secret to achieving a 100% healthy lifestyle (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Thyroid PT 1
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the untold secret to achieving a 100% healthy lifestyle (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Female Hormone 2
Female Hormones: Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss "Female Hormones 2" (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Female Hormone 1
Female Hormones: Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the "Female Hormones" (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Patient's Exam 2
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of Gallbladder health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the "Patients Exam 2" (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Functional Medicine - Patient's Exam 1
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of Gallbladder health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the "Patients Exam" (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Classic Functional Medicine
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the untold secret to achieving a 100% healthy lifestyle (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Introduction To Classic Funtional Medicine
trailerClassic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of chronic health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss the untold secret to achieving a 100% healthy lifestlye(causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Gallbladder 2
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of Gallbladder health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step toward finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss Gallbladder 2(causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode promises to be an eye-opener to our listeners as we bring you a reliable solution to frequently asked-about health condition problems. Thank you for listening today; join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Gallbladder 1
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of Gallbladder health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step towards finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss Gallbladder pt one (causes/symptoms/treatment). The next episode will be the pt two and a summary of the whole gallbladder discussions. Thanks for listening. Join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Blood Sugar
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of blood sugar health conditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities
Classic functional medicine you can rely on at any time for the treatment of multiple chemical sensitivity health problems. Treating the Individual first and then the Diagnosis is always the first step towards finding a lasting solution to every health problem... Today we start to discuss Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (causes/symptoms/treatment). Thanks for listening. Join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Enjoy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Symptoms Or Corrections
Today we talk On Symptoms And Corrections and which should get the most focus. Thank you for listening and join us again soon on the next episode of Excellent Health Digest. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices