Garbage Collection in Erlang vs JVM/Akka with Manuel Rubio & Dan Plyukhin

Today on Elixir Wizards, Manuel Rubio, author of Erlang/OTP: A Concurrent World and Dan Plyukhin, creator of the UIGC Actor Garbage Collector for Akka, join host Dan Ivovich to compare notes on garbage collection in actor models.

The discussion digs into the similarities and differences of actor-based garbage collection in Erlang and Akka and introduces Dan's research on how to perform garbage collection in a distributed actor system.

Topics discussed:

• Akka is akin to Erlang actors for the JVM using Scala, with similar principles like supervision trees, messages, and clustering
• Erlang uses generational garbage collection and periodically copies live data to the old heap for long-lived elements
• Actor GC aims to determine when an actor's memory can be reclaimed automatically rather than manually killing actors
• Distributed actor GC is more challenging than object GC due to the distributed nature and relationships between actors across nodes
• Challenges include reasoning about failures like dropped messages and crashed nodes
• GC balance requires optimization of resource release and CPU load management
• Immutability helps Erlang GC, but copying data for messages impacts performance
• Research into distributed actor GC is still ongoing, with opportunities for improvement
• Fault tolerance in Erlang relies on user implementation rather than low-level guarantees
• Asynchronous messages in Erlang/Elixir mean references may become invalid which is similar to the distributed GC approaches in Dan's research
• Idempotent messaging is recommended to handle possible duplicates from failures
• Help your local researcher! Researchers encourage communication from practitioners on challenges and use cases

Links mentioned:

Erlang/OTP Volume 1: A Concurrent World by Manuel Rubio https://altenwald.com/en/book/en-erlang-i 
Scala https://www.scala-lang.org/ 
Akka Framework https://github.com/akka 
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) https://www.java.com/en/download/ 
The BEAM VM https://www.erlang.org/blog/a-brief-beam-primer/
Hadoop Framework https://hadoop.apache.org/  
Pony Programming Language https://www.ponylang.io/ 
SLSA Programming Language https://wcl.cs.rpi.edu/salsa/#:~:text=SALSA%20
Paxos Algorithm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos_(computer_science) 
Raft library for maintaining a replicated state machine https://github.com/etcd-io/raft 
Dan's Website https://dplyukhin.github.io/ 
Dan Plyukhin on Twitter: https://twitter.com/dplyukhin 
Dan Plyukhin’s YouTube channel: https://m.youtube.com/@dplyukhin
UIGC on GitHub https://github.com/dplyukhin/UIGC 
Manuel's Website https://altenwald.com/ 
Manuel Rubio on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MRonErlang

Special Guests: Dan Plyukhin and Manuel Rubio.