Economy Watch

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with mixed news about how the world's factories are faring.First up today we need to report that the closely watched US ISM factory PMI undershot expectations, and those expectations were for a contraction anyway. Weak new order flows and production levels were behind the dour result. They say almost every component is contracting, and that customers are letting their inventories shrink. Costs and prices are rising however, although at a slower pace. They are being held up by own-goal tariff-taxes.It was a data report that took the wind right out of Wall Street's Monday session.But that is just one view. The alternate S&P Global factory PMI records an expansion in the sector, although it agrees that costs and prices are rising faster than normal. Both surveys noted that employment in the sector has stopped expanding.The Canadian factory PMI, which has been negative all year, seems to have stabilised. To be accurate, it is still contracting, but is back on the cusp of stabilisation, which they haven't had in 2025 so far.Likewise, the overall EU factory PMI is 'stable', neither expanding nor contracting overall. Germany and France are recording small contractions but less than previously, while there are expansions in Spain and the Netherlands. Greece again recorded the strongest expansion among EU members.In China, their factory sector is still expanding, although at a slower pace, according to the S&P Global (RatingDog) private factory PMI. New orders from domestic customers rose, but new export orders fell at their fastest pace since May. The similar official survey had this sector contracting.And the same S&P Global factory PMIs for Taiwan, Korea and Malaysia all contracted, even if only slightly. But this measure for Indonesia turned more positive. In Vietnam the upturn was sharp, hitting a 15 month high.But the S&P Global factory PMI for Australia is sounding a bit more of a warning for October. It recorded its first fall in manufacturing output in four months driven by the fastest retreat in new orders since December 2024. Employment headcounts declined for the first time since February.Staying in Australia, there was more evidence of higher & rising inflation, although this data isn't really sounding warning bells. The Melbourne Institute Monthly Inflation Gauge recorded an increase in monthly inflation for October, primarily influenced by higher recreation and housing related prices. The monthly cost of living also rose. Annual headline inflation as recorded by the Inflation Gauge is slightly above the top-end of the RBA's 2-3% target band.Australia also released September residential building consent data today and it jumped +12% from August, up +15% from September a year ago. This activity has been particularly volatile over the past few months, so the September surge is actually more just a recovery rather than a serious push higher. Much of their recent gains are for townhouses and apartments. The most impressive gains are in Victoria where a real resurgence seems to be underway (despite the ugly union-mafia (CFMEU) control of their building trades).Job ads fell -2.2% in October from September in the ANZ-Indeed tracking, following a revised -3.5% drop in the previous month. This marked the fourth straight monthly decline, reinforcing signs of a loosening labour market despite elevated inflation.So it will be no surprise to know that household spending in Australia is rising only at about the rate of [household] inflation.And it will be inflation's rise that will be at the heart of what analysts will be looking at in this afternoon's RBA rate review. Markets don't expect any change in the 3.6% cash rate target, but they do want to see how the central bank plans to tackle the resurgent inflation threat.Globally, we should note that the twelve member CPTPP is about to grow again. Costa Rica is in the final stages of joining. And now the Philippines and the UAE have applied, which will take this group up to fifteen members. It seems multilateralism is far from dead, even a group like this with relatively high labour and environmental standards. In the background there are always rumours that China wishes to join too, although that never materialises. They prefer their own captive 15-country RCEP and its lower standards. Seven countries are members of both, including Australia and New ZealandThe UST 10yr yield is now at 4.11%, up +1 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$4007/oz, up +US$6 from this time yesterday.American oil prices are +50 USc firmer from yesterday at just under US$61.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$65/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just under 57.1 USc, and down almost -20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news rising inflation pressures are now appearing everywhere in the West, underpinned by poor economic judgements.This week will be a busy one on the economic data front, even with the US federal agencies shut down.Locally, all eyes will be on the Q3 labour market data and most observers expect it to show our jobless rate rise to 5.3%.In Australia, the key economic event will be the RBA's rate review late on Tuesday and there will be heightened interest on how they view their rising inflation. That will drive a reassessment by financial markets about where their interest rates are heading. Australia's September trade balance is due and a big surplus is anticipated.Other central banks will chime in this week with rate reviews of their own, including Sweden, Norway and England, among others.In the US while they won't have any official data, focus will turn to the ADP Employment Report, ISM PMIs, and the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index. Canada will release its labour market data too.In China, the October trade surplus is expected to widen to around US$100 bln, although the latest official NBS manufacturing PMI showed a decline in new export orders for October. The broader RatingDog (Caixin) Manufacturing PMI is also expected to signal a further slowdown in factory activity, and its services counterpart will also be closely watched.China's official October PMIs came in over the weekend without any significant improvements from September. They say their factory PMI is now contracting marginally more and a noticeable step lower than last month, and their services PMI is barely expanding, when a small improvement was expected.Japanese industrial production rose +3.4% in September from a year ago, a much better surge in the month than the +0.5% rise that was anticipated.In the US, the Chicago PMI rose in October from its worryingly low August and September levels, but it is still contracting and it has done so for 23 consecutive months now. This month's slight improvement is on the back of a rise in new orders, modest as it may be. Basically this metric is just contracting slower now.But some companies are doing well there. An example is Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway which reported profits of US$48 bln in its latest nine month result, US$31 bln in Q3 alone. They now have cash holdings of US$382 bln. Buffett himself is fading from view now and it will be a challenge for his replacement to maintain the charisma.The EU said its October inflation level is down to 2.1%, the expected dip from September's 2.2%.In Australia, there is more evidence inflation is embedding at levels well above 3%. On Friday they released their Q3 PPI and that came in at 3.5%, unchanged from Q2, and up +1.0% for the latest quarter. Analysts had expected it to reduce.in Q3, but that isn't happening. The RBA will be as unhappy with this as it was with the equally high CPI result. Only recently a rate cut tomorrow was a sure bet, but no longer.And staying in Australia, bank lending grew +7.3% in September, up +6.3% for housing but up +9.5% for business from the same month a year ago. But there is a noticeable dip in business lending in September from August which surprised some. Going the other way, observers were equally surprised by the monthly surge in housing loans.The surge is worrying APRA. The combination of demand from the FHB guarantee scheme, and exuberance by investors is joining to create the rush. And it is only expected to increase. So the regulator is stepping in with warnings to banks to reign in the party. High DTI lending is their special focus.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.10%, unchanged from Saturday at this time. The price of gold will start today at US$4001/oz, down -US$5 from this time Saturday. That is down -US$107 from this time last week. But it is up +US$141 or +3.6% for the month.American oil prices are+50 USc firmer from Saturday at just on US$61/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$64.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just on 57.2 USc, and down unchanged from Saturday. It is down -20 bps for the week, and down -70 bps or -1.2% for the month. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 87.5 AUc. Against the euro we are also little-changed at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 61.8 and down -30 bps from yesterday, down -20 bps for the week, down -40 bps for the month.The bitcoin price starts today at US$110,113 and up +0.8% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just on +/- 0.6%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news benchmark bond rates are on the move higher as the bond market passes its judgment on the geopolitical trade situation and the US Fed's signals.Basically they are pricing in risks where American inflation risks are not contained, and there is no real resolution to the trade tensions triggered by Trump.The Trump/Xi meeting ended with Trump claiming it was "an amazing meeting" with "all issues resolved". Markets discounted the hubris seeing the outcome actually making little practical progress. But at least it seems to be a truce. If there is any progress, it will come after further negotiations. Basically it was a photo op resulting in an invitation for Trump to visit Beijing where his ego can be stroked.The meeting brought China more time to finesse its position with the US, and more broadly, it made clear just how much stronger China has become since Xi and Trump last met. And interestingly, neither country has yet bothered to release a readout of the leaders meeting.In Japan, their central bank kept its benchmark short-term rate unchanged at 0.5% in October 2025 and extending a pause since the last hike in January. It was the market-expected decision, bit it was a split 7-2 result, with two members pushing for a rise to 0.75%, as they had at the prior meeting.Japanese share erased losses after the central bank boss gave his press conference review, but the yen dipped.In Europe, with inflation under control and its economy humming along at a modest level, but near potential, the ECB left all their settings unchanged, both interest rates (at 2.15%) and their balance sheet run-down pace. It has been a long time since they can claim their objectives are running as they would like.Meanwhile, overall economic sentiment is picking up in the EU, consistent with the improving economic data. Both industry and consumer sentiment are up in October and expectations are back to long-term averages, a position they haven't been in since early 2022.So it will be no surprise to know the Q3-2025 EU GDP rose from Q2 to be +1.5% higher than a year agoIn Germany, their October inflation rate inched lower to 2.3% from 2.4% in the prior month. But this wasn't quite as bigger move as the 2.2% rate expected. Energy costs there are falling and food prices are up only a modest +1.4% within the overall result.Globally, passenger air travel rose +3.6% in September from a year ago, with international travel up +5.1%. This was led by Asia/Pacific's +7.4% increase and trailed by North America's +2.5% rise. US domestic travel stood out with its -1.7% fall, the only region to record a shrinkage.Container freight rates rose another +4% last week, as China-USWC, and China-EU rates picked up notably. Overall they are now -41% lower than year-ago levels.Bulk freight rates fell -4.9% last week to now be +42% higher than year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.10%, up +7 bps from yesterday after the Fed announcement and after the US-China talks. The price of gold will start today at US$3999/oz, up +US$6 from this time yesterday.American oil prices are unchanged from yesterday at just on US$60.50/bbl, with the international Brent price just on US$65/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just on 57.5 USc, and down -30 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 87.7 AUc. Against the euro we are also little-changed at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.1 and down -30 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,076 and down another -2.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been modest at just on +/- 1.9%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the two big policy set pieces today have been underwhelming.First up today, the US Fed trimmed its policy rate by -25% as expected, bringing the target range to 3.75% to 4.00%. It issued a timid wait-and-see review which would be consistent with growing divisions within the policymaking committee, and growing worries that inflation is returning even as their labour markets weaken fast. Policy during stagflation requires a choice. One group wants the low-interest rate juice now, the other takes its inflation fighting mandate seriously.Immediately after the announcement, the S&P500 dipped slightly, the UST 10 year yield rose a few basis points, and the USD changed little. The announcement had no impact on the gold price - nor the bitcoin price.Earlier is was reported that mortgage applications rose +7.1% last week from the weak prior week, mainly on the back of pent-up refinance activity. Mortgage interest rates dipped but only minorly and were probably not the reason for the jump, which came after four consecutive weeks of decline. But having noted that, the s\mall rate dip did taken them to their lowest level in more than a year.September pending home sales were soft, dipping -0.9% from the same month a year ago. This followed a +3.8% rise in August.As expected, the Bank of Canada trimmed its policy rate by -25 bps to % in its overnight decision. It said that the Canadian economy is adjusting to tariffs and the sharp drop in demand for exports. The reconfiguration of global trade and domestic production is leading to higher costs. Total inflation there has been around 2%, while underlying inflation remains about 2½%. Following the decision, their central bank boss suggested their easing cycle may be over as they expect cost pressure to rise as their economy goes through this adjustment phase.Malaysia's producer prices dipped slightly in September, down -0.8% from a year ago, but this was the least in six months as deflationary pressures seem to be past them now.Meanwhile Singapore's producer prices are on the upswing now. They rose +3.7% in September from a year ago, the most in six months. It was more for factory products with those surging about double that rate on the year-ago basis.In Australia, inflation is rising, and by more than expected. Their monthly indicator reported it rose +3.5% from the same month in 2024. The RBA meets next Tuesday to decide on its cash rate, and this seems to put the kibosh on the chance of any cut. In fact, a rate hike might get some airtime in their review.At the APEC meeting in South Korea, all eyes are on the Xi-Trump meeting results - and how far Trump has backed down. (TACO) Of course, both sides will talk up the outcome, but early signs are that things like China's resumption of soybean imports from the US will be nominal at best. Trump's deals with both Korea and Japan have long-tail implications that may not work out for the US. But the short-term optics are all that matters at present.Demand for air cargo transport rose for its seventh straight month, up +2.8% in September globally from a year ago, up +3.2% for international air shipments. This was led by the +6.9% rise in the Asia/Pacific region, and lagged by the -1.4% retreat in North America,The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.00%, after the Fed announcement. The price of gold will start today at US$3993/oz, up +US$38 overnight and making back yesterday's drop.American oil prices are up +50 USc from yesterday at just on US$60.50/bbl, with the international Brent price just on US$65/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just on 57.8 USc, and unchanged from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 87.7 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.4 and up +10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$111,195 and down -3.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been moderate at just on +/- 2.0%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the US Fed is meeting but flying blind on both inflation and jobs data. But other indications suggests the US economy is fading faster than previously assumed.In the US oil patch, the Dallas Fed said service sector activity contracted further in October with the revenue index, a key measure of service sector conditions, falling to its lowest reading since July 2020. Employers are shedding jobs, they notedThings weren't great in the mid-Atlantic states region but not as tough as in Texas. The Richmond Fed's factory survey contracted less in October than September, but they also reported employers shedding jobs.Despite those two reports, the ADP Employment Report indicated that private payrolls rose an average of +14,000 jobs per week in the four weeks ending on October 11, as they move to fill the labour market data void because of the BLS shutdown. If that pace holds for October, US jobs growth in the month will be about +57,000 and better than the -32,000 in September decline. Both are unusually low levels. (In October 2023, the US reported +186,000 job gains, so they have fallen a long way since then.)Also not as negative as expected is US consumer sentiment as measured by the Conference Board. It did ease lower in October, but not as low as some had feared although it is now at a six month low. Those on low incomes (under US$75,000/year) or over 55 years were more negative than those 35-55 and on higher incomes.But overnight a range of large employers announced job cuts. UPS said it has shed -48,000 jobs, Amazon -14,000. They aren't the only ones. On top of the US Federal Government furloughs, they are facing some significant labour market strainThe Fed will likely deliver a -25 bps rate cut tomorrow.Across the Pacific, South Korea said its economy grew +1.7% real in Q3-2025 from the same quarter in 2024, building on a widening expansion. Over the past year, all of their growth has come in Q2 and Q3-2025.Chinese president Xi and US president Trump are due to meet to try and work out a trade accommodation. It will be ironic that Trump can compromise with another dictator, but not with elected representatives in his own country.In India, they reported that their expansion of industrial production held up better than expected. It rose +4.1% in August and that was expected to ease to +2.6% in September. Burt in fact their fast expansion rolled on with a +4.0% gain last month. Their factory sector rose +4.8% on the same basis. This is a very good result for them.In Europe, inflation expectations dipped slightly to 2.7% in OctoberLater today, Australia will report its September inflation results, both their quarterly CPI and their monthly inflation indicator. Both are expected to rise to the 3% level. Recent comments by the RBA governor suggest they are in no hurry to cut their policy rate, given inflation remains high and their labour market is still expanding. They next review their cash rate target on Tuesday, November 4, 2025.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.99%, dipping another -1 bp from yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$3956/oz, down another -US$37 overnight.American oil prices are down -US$1.50 from yesterday at just on US$60/bbl, with the international Brent price just under US$64.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just on 57.8 USc, and up +10 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 87.8 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.3 and up +10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$115,406 and down a minor -0.2% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been modest at just on +/- 1.0%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news expectations are gyrating around the upcoming US-China leaders meeting. Markets have high expectations and are pricing in a positive outcome. For US markets, this is relatively modest and a 'relief'. For Chinese markets, and Asian markets more generally, it is very positive.A surge in market euphoria could well bring a surge in commodity prices, and in turn, inflation. This will complicate the US Fed's Thursday decision - but they won't know the final outcome of the Xi-Trump meeting when they make their decision later this week and that is awkward for them.Even before the results of the key meeting are known, Chinese industrial firms' profits rose more than +20% in September from the same month a year ago amid ongoing policy measures to revive business and consumer sentiment. Private-sector earnings strengthened markedly, while losses among state-owned enterprises narrowed quickly.Meanwhile, the stutter China had in foreign direct investment in the April to June period also seems to be over. In September, they attracted +¥68 bln in FDI, more than the +¥61 bln in the same month of 2024. But that earlier hesitation still means they are running more than -10% lower than last year, and 2024 was the weakest year they had for foreign direct investment in more than a decade. It may be improving slightly, but they are still in a serious shadow.And we should probably note that the hesitation about relationships with the US are expanding. Countries may 'engage' with the US transactionally to hold on to trade links, but China is winning. This is clear from Indonesia ordering Chinese fighter jets for its air force, and other naval equipment.In the US the data isn't quite so positive, although you wouldn't know it from the Wall Street signals today. Despite 'improving', the Dallas Fed factory survey is still reporting negative overall conditions. New orders shrank less, and manufacturing conditions remained below average. Perceptions of broader business conditions worsened somewhat in October and optimism about the next six months waned. But prices and wage pressures eased, the survey showed.Over the weekend, the US released its September CPI inflation data and it rose to 3.0%, up from 2.9% in August. This was slightly less than the expected 3.1% but it is still its highest level since June 2024. Energy costs, food and rents came in higher than that but petrol prices were lower.One factor to watch is that the rate of increase in the past two months is closer to +4% on an annualised basis. The number reported today relies on the low increases they had in 2024 and February to May. When those months work their way out of the annual calculation, the higher pressure outside those periods will come into play.Meanwhile, the University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey reported that Americans feel inflation is running at 4.6% and they downgraded their earlier confidence reading to now be -24% lower than year-ago levels.The internationally benchmarked PMI report for the US for October reported a strong start to the fourth quarter, with expansions in both the services (55.2) and factory sectors (52.2).If there is a relaxation of trade tensions after the China-US meeting, Australia could be a big beneficiary. And markets are starting to price that in.We should also probably note that the price of aluminium (or aluminum if you prefer) is rising fast again, back up to levels first reached in the pandemic spike. Causing this current surge is the price the Americans are prepared to pay because of their self-imposed tariffs, as producers avoid that market. Those American buyers are being hit twice.Also worth noting is a sudden rise in the price of sulfur (or sulphur if you prefer). Causing this spike is a fall in supply from some key oil producers (sulfur is a bi-product), when demand is rising for fertilisers.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.00%, dipping -1 bp from yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$3993/oz, down -US$118 overnight.American oil prices are -holding from yesterday at just over US$61.50/bbl, with the international Brent price still just on US$66/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just on 57.7 USc, and up +20 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -40 bps at 87.9 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.2 and up +20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at USD$115,614 and up +1.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been modest at just on +/- 1.3%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news of a sudden jump in international crude oil prices as the US sanctioned the main Russian oil companies.In the US, existing home sales in September rose to just over a 4 mln annual pace, slightly more than in August and +3.3% better than year-ago levels. But it was to levels less than markets expected (4.1 mln pace). The weakest regions were the South and the Midwest. But both coasts got good increases, especially in California.Because the Chicago Fed's National Activity Index collates a range of data that includes from US Federal government sources, and those are shutdown, the NAI is not published this month.However the October Kansas City Fed factory survey reported a strong rise in activity. But new export orders fell, and the average workweek shrank which was unexpected. Apparently some facilities are "doing more production with less people". There is a general worry about where new orders will come from.In Canada, they said their September retail activity retreated in the month and only held up by car-buying activity. Canadians aren't travelling either, and in an unusual twist the tourism flow into Canada from the US is now greater than the other way. But their factory activity rose by a good amount in the month.We should probably note that China is putting the final touches to its latest Five-Year Plan. These have been the catalyst for the country's economic rise, despite their dismissal in the West. Their state planning has brought them up to be the alternate world superpower. And China and the US will be meeting in Malaysia in a few days to see if they can iron out some knotty disagreements and pave the way for a Xi-Trump summit. It will likely happen because the Americans seem on the back-foot now, but startlingly blind to their growing weakness. And TACO.Singapore reported September inflation of just +0.7% from a year ago, a pick-up from August's four year low.Taiwan said its retail sales fell -2.2% in September from a year ago, reversing August's rise. They said public uncertainty levels are high and spending plans are conservative. But the same view isn't shared in their factory sector where industrial production was up +15% from a year ago, consistent to order information we reported yesterday and which is likely to drive output even higher in coming months.The EU reported its September consumer sentiment survey results and this was little-changed, remaining quite negative although a bit less so than in prior months. In fact, it is now its least-negative since February.Container freight rates rose +3% last week, largely on the China-to-EU trade. Overall they are now -45% lower than year-ago levels. Bulk cargo rates rose +8.5% over the past week and are now +40% higher than year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.99% and up +4 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today back up sharply at US$4129/oz, a gain of US$81 from yesterday, a +2.0% firming. Silver has risen less, now at US$49/oz.American oil prices are +US$3.50 higher at just under US$62/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$66/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.5 USc, and again little-changed from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 88.3 AUc. Against the euro we are also unchanged at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.1 and essentially unchanged.The bitcoin price starts today at US$110,047 and up +1.5% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just over +/- 1.6%. (Trump has pardoned a major crypto fraudster.)You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the US federal Government shutdown is now the second longest in their history having just overtaken the 1995-96 one where Republicans were trying to prevent a Clinton budget being passed. The longest was the 2018-19 one induced by Trump. The current one has seen about 1 mln federal workers stood down, and that is the largest of this type of impact. If this one runs another two weeks it will then become their longest.Separately, US mortgage applications inched lower last week although it was their fourth consecutive weekly decline. The weakest part of these mortgage applications are those to buy a new home. This came despite benchmark 30 year mortgage interest rates falling again and back near their one-year lows.There was another US Treasury bond auction overnight, this one for their 20 year Note. It drew is normal modest support, and delivered a median yield of 4.46%, down from the 4.56% at the prior equivalent event a bit more than a month ago.Ratings agency Moody's is pointing out that the rise of non-bank debt providers are building stress into the global financial system. Loans to non-depository financial institutions (NDFIs) are now 10.4% of total bank loans, nearly three times the 3.6% exposure a decade ago they said. It is aggressive growth that has outpaced all other lending activities since 2016.Japanese exports rose in September from August, but their imports jumped more than expected and catching analysts a bit by surprise. Basically they are now at the same level, oscillating around balance, as was expected. But some observers cheered that this result indicated Japanese consumer demand was improving.The Indonesian central bank reviewed its policy rate overnight and left it unchanged at 4.75%, surprising observers who had expected and priced in a -25 bps rate cut. But to be fair, it had lowered rates at the three previous reviews.In China, we should note that Shanghai's recent change in their house-buying restrictions has brought a spectacular surge in transactions - September home sales in this key city rose by more than +70% (they measure sales activity by m2).We should also probably note that the aluminium price rose again overnight as it has done since early April and is now at its highest level since May 2022 when it was in the pandemic bubble. Other than that, it is now at a record high.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.95% and down -1 bp from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today sharply lower again at US$4048/oz, down -US$74 from yesterday, another -1.8% correction. Silver has fallen less.American oil prices are +US$1 firmer at just over US$58.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$62.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.5 USc, and little-changed from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +10 bps at 88.5 AUc. Against the euro we are also unchanged at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62.1 and up less than +10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,105 and down a rather sharpish -4.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just over +/- 2.5%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the market assumption that Trump's upcoming meeting with Chinese president Xi would calm trade matters seems up in the air again, with that meeting now suddenly less certain. And a Trump-Putin meeting chance is fading. As well as the Gaza truce holding. Markets are in a wait-and-see mode today. But precious metals prices are giving back some of their recent gains in sharp moves lower.But first, today's full dairy auction delivered an average price of US$3881/tonne, down -1.0% from the prior full event two weeks ago. But the key WMP price fell a sharp -4.6% as the derivatives market had signaled, while the SMP price fell -2.1%, only half the derivatives market signal. Butter and the cheeses fell, but there was a big gain for AMF. Apparently. The auction system suffered glitches so these details are interim and are subject to change.In the US, their Federal Government shutdown is getting ever more toxic, now in its third week. A key White House economic advisor said yesterday the shutdown is “likely to end sometime this week,” though warned that if it doesn’t, the Trump administration may resort to “stronger measures” to pressure Democrats. There seems no resolution in sight amid the partisan standoff. Republicans are pushing for a short-term funding bill to maintain current spending levels (something they railed against when Biden was President), while Democrats insist any deal must include expanded health-care provisions, specifically an extension of Obamacare tax credits set to expire at the end of 2025. Curiously, Obamacare has its deepest hold in Republican states.In American private sector data released overnight, there was quite a dive in the Redbook retail sales data tracking for last week. As its a one-off, it is not possible to say whether this is an anomaly or an indication of some sharp retail cooling. But it is worth watching. It could well be that tariff-tax price hikes are sapping retail demand.In Canada, they got an inflation surprise. Their CPI inflation rose to 2.4% in September from 1.9% in the previous month, and higher than analyst expectations of 2.3% and the highest inflation rate since February. It was the first time inflation crossed the Bank of Canada's 2% threshold in six months. Even their core inflation rate rose more than expected. But some of this jump can be explained by base effects related to their petrol price. The Bank of Canada next reviews their policy rate next week and more than a 50/50 chance of a -25 bps cut is priced in by financial markets. That would take their policy rate to 2.25%.Across the Pacific in Taiwan, their export prowess actually gained momentum in a spectacular fashion in September. Orders for Taiwanese exports surged by more than +30% year-on-year to an all-time high exceeding US$70 bln in the month, accelerating from a 19.5% increase in the previous month and far surpassing market expectations of a +18% gain. Demand for AI products surged.In Japan, Sanae Takaichi has won the prime ministership, building a coalition with the Japan Innovation Party, and will now chase spending reforms and expansionary fiscal policies, in the style of ex-PM Shinzo Abe. The Yen weakened sharply as a result.In Argentina, despite more overt US support, the peso has fallen sharply again.In Australia, they are glowing after successful Albanese deals with the US. But now delivering meaningful rare earth production become the priority. It will likely reinvigorate an already successful mining sector. If demand from China slows, as some expect, this could keep their mining sector party going for a while longer.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.96% and down -3 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today very sharply lower at US$4121/oz, down a massive -US$225 from yesterday, a -5.2% correction. Silver has fallen proportionately more, down to US$48.50/oz.American oil prices are +50 USc firmer at just under US$57.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$61.50/bbl. But even American plans to refill its strategic reserves with more than 1 mln barrels hasn't shifted the price.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 57.5 USc, and little-changed from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +20 bps at 88.4 AUc. Against the euro we are also up +20 bps at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 62 and little-changed.The bitcoin price starts today at US$113,511 and up +2.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just over +/- 2.7%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news Australia seems to have avoided American ire when Prime Minister Albanese visited Washington overnight. They ended with a rare earths agreement, confirmation of the AUKUS submarine deal, and unchanged 10% tariff rates into the US.Albanese also seems to have avoided being forced into an overt anti-China position, and has resisted committing to defence spending above 2% of GDP. Trump wanted 3.5% but that seems sidelined.It is also pretty clear that having US support can be a toxic advantage - for the US. Despite the US committing more than US$20 bln of US taxpayer funding to bolster its currency, Trump support of Argentina is leaking those funds fast with traders taking the support funds as fast as they can (the peso is still weakening fast), and Argentina rushing to sell China soybeans to replace American farmers. You couldn't make this stuff up.In Canada, producer prices rose 4.0% in September from a year ago, the most since January, and prior to that the most since January 2023. But this strong rise was mostly caused by the rise in precious metals, especially gold.Meanwhile, the latest Business Outlook Survey for Canadian businesses undertaken for their central bank shows a modest recovery in sentiment, but conditions remain quite subdued.In China, their central bank kept their key lending rates at record lows for a fifth consecutive month in October, as was expected.The rate of fall in China's new house prices mellowed in September according to official data. They were down overall by -2.3%. Shanghai remained the outlier with a +5.6% rise, slightly below August’s +5.9% increase for that city. But for resales, it is still tough, with none of their 70 largest urban areas reporting a gain, either month-on-month or year-on-year, not even Shanghai. If you buy new, you can only still sell into a falling market.In a surprise to no-one, China said its Q3-2025 GDP was up +4.8% from a year ago. But that showed weaker than expected consumer demand. They also reported that retail sales were up only +3.0% in September (and a one year low, compared with +3.4% in August) whereas industrial production was up +6.5% in September (+5.2% in August. Regular readers will know that we also track electricity production as a hard check against these other top-line claims. That only showed a +1.5% rise from a year ago. It regularly trails claims of big industrial output and is a core reason we are sceptical of those outsized official claims.The latest trade and tariff threats from the US is causing trans-Pacific freight rates to spike again as goods are rushed to beat the threatened imposition. But this spike is much more muted this time as most Chinese firms have transitioned away from US supply in a significant way.On the import front, some decoupling by China is stark. China's monthly soybean imports from the US have fallen to zero for the first time in seven years. They were replaced by mostly South American sources. China is also strangling rare earth magnet exports to the US, which could be serious for some American companies, including defence contractors.In France, after a tense political week, S&P downgraded France's credit rating in a rare, unscheduled adjustment, citing political instability that threatens the government’s efforts to repair its finances. Basically their public purse can't afford their generous retirement benefits, but the population insist they be kept irrespective of the damage to the State.In Germany, producer price deflation stayed well embedded, with prices falling -1.7% in September from a year ago, although this was less than the -2.2% retreat in August.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.99% and down -2 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$4346/oz, up +US$95 from yesterday, a +2.2% surge to start the week. Silver hasn't had the same surge.American oil prices are -50 USc lower at just on US$57/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$60.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.5 USc, and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 88.2 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 62, up +10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$110,505 and up +1.6% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.7%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news Australia is facing some hard choices in their relationships with China and the US. Can you have security without economic stability? Can you have stability with a disrespectful and unreliable partner?But first, this coming week will be dominated by today's New Zealand CPI release later this morning. And a full dairy auction on Wednesday.In the US, there is some expectation that they will get their September CPI data at the end of the week (expect higher than 3%) despite the shutdown. But most focus there will be on the Q3 earnings season announcements. CPI data will also come from Japan, Singapore and Malaysia. But there will be PMIs from all over this week and well as interest rate decisions from Indonesia and Korea. And the Chinese will review their Loan Prime rates although no change is expected.From China, they will release Q3 GDP data, which is expected to show a small sag (to 4.8%?), along with a range of other core economic metrics which should give a broader fix on how they are trackingOver the weekend in India, bank loan growth accelerated to its fastest pace of expansion in September, for all of 2025, up +11.4% from year-ago levels to US$2.3 bln.After two months of declines, Singapore's exports rose almost +7% in September from a year ago, largely on the back of recovering exports of electronic goods.In Malaysia, their Q3 GDP result shows them expanding +5.2% from a year ago, accelerating from +4.4% growth in Q2. It is their fastest expansion in a yearIn Australia, there is growing concern about the building of uneven wealth distribution and how inheritances embed both inequality and entitlement. A failed attempt to address it through their superannuation system reforms has just raised the pressure to 'do something'.A more immediate stress is also building in Australia; American pressure to de-couple from China. This seems quite unlikely given the local wealth-weight dependent on the China trade. But it will make for 'interesting times' in the AU-US relationship.In the US over the weekend President Trump seemed to back off his sharp rhetoric against China in another TACO moment. Markets went into temporary relief mode on Friday. There was more TACO for Ukraine, even Gaza but both of them just added to the mess he made.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.01% and unchanged from Saturday but down -4 bps for the week.The price of gold will start today at US$4251/oz, up +US$30 from Saturday. Over the past week, gold is up a net +5.8%, silver is up a net +3.3% and platinum is now marginally lower.American oil prices are holding lower at just on US$57.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$61/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.4 USc, and up +10 bps from Saturday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 88.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.2 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 61.9, up +10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,732 and up +2.4% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.3%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that while the 'real economy' is barely able to expand - but is in fact doing so modestly - there are two extreme bubbles brewing - in AI firm valuations, and in precious metals valuations. One or both will end sometime, and the losses will be extraordinary when they do, likely hurting the 'real economy' when it happens. But who knows when? Financial market risk aversion is in evidence today in the bond markets.There are other stresses of course (geopolitical, retribution stupidity, commodity distortions, climate, etc.) and they have to play out at the same time.But first in the US, their economic data is dominated today by the October version of the Philadelphia Fed factory survey for the important Pennsylvania rust belt region. That reported an unexpected sharp slowdown in activity and a six month low in this index. If there is a silver lining however, it is that new order levels picked up from what were very low levels. Not helping however is that firms are again reporting higher than average cost increases. Most firms reported struggles passing on those higher costs in higher prices.American house-building activity has been struggling for the past five months but sentiment in the industry picked up in October somewhat, mainly on the expectation that lower interest rates would help. It's a sentiment improvement,not an activity improvement however.Yesterday we noted slightly improved factory sentiment in the New York state area. But today we can report that their services sector is in a tough spot, in fact its lowest since the pandemic-affected January 2021. It is glum there and firms are not expecting much improvement.In Canada, their small business sentiment has turned negative too.But Canada's housebuilding sector is on a roll, reporting strong housing starts again in September and well above what analysts were expecting. That is now five of the past six months with elevated housing start data.Across the Pacific in Japan, core machinery orders, excluding the large volatile sectors, fell -0.9% in August from July to ¥8.9 tln but it was much less than the sharp -4.6% drop in July. Analysts had expected a small gain however.And staying in Japan, it now looks like Sanae Takaichi will in fact become prime minister after more coalition talks.In France, the Macron-allied new prime minister has survived a no-confidence vote (on the second attempt) bringing some stability to their political mess.In Australia, their September jobless rate ticked higher to 4.5% and their jobs growth, especially full-time jobs growth, came in lower than expected.For the first time since June when rates started falling fast, global container freight rates rose last week, overall by +2%. In the meantime they had fallen -52%, so that suggests these costs may be bottoming out. They are now -50% lower than year-ago levels. There were modest rises everywhere, even in outbound China rates. There will be activity trying to front-run potentially new tariffs by the US, and there is Christmas-goods flows starting too.Bulk cargo rates rose a net +2% last week too, but in between it was unusually volatile. These latest levels are now +12% higher than year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 3.97% and down -8 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$4273/oz, up +US$77 from yesterday and far away a new ATH. Silver is up to just under US$54/oz and an ATH. Platinum is roaring too, now at US$1732/oz and up +71% from the start of the year and approaching its 2011 highs.American oil prices are down -US$1 at just on US$57.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$61/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.3 USc, and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +60 bps at 88.4 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 49.1 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 61.8, up +10 bps from yesterday. Also, see this.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,652 and down another -2.0% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.9%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news inflation is getting entrenched in the US and policymakers are starting to look away from the threat under political pressure.But first, US mortgage applications fell for a third consecutive week with both refinance and new home applications decreasing. This came even though benchmark 30 year mortgage rates fell too. But the overall activity level is significantly higher than at this time last year.In New York state, factories there reported that their new order levels stopped falling. And they shipped more in the past month. That brought a good rebound in the New York Fed's Empire factory survey in October, making back September's drop and almost back to the August levels. One of the reasons respondents feel better about the situation is that their price increases are sticking and they are absorbing less of their tariff-tax cost increases.Supporting that are two private CPI tracking services who say that consumer prices picked up even more in September, one even suggesting CPI inflation ran at over +6% in September.And that inflation is rising is confirmed in the October Beige Book release today by the Fed. They noted tariff-induced costs were reported in all districts, as input costs increased at a faster pace due to both these higher import costs and the higher cost of services. Overall, they say American economic activity changed little on balance since the previous report, with three Districts reporting slight to modest growth in activity, five reporting no change, and four noting a slight softening. Consumer spending, particularly on retail goods, inched down in recent weeks.Across the Pacific, China said its consumer prices stayed in mild deflation, now running -0.3% lower in September from a year ago. Beef and lamb prices are rising now, but milk prices are still falling.Meanwhile Chinese producer prices, already in moderate deflation, eased back to a -2.3% decrease, from August's -2.9%.China also released its monthly new yuan loan data overnight. They came in at almost ¥1.3 tln, double the unusually low August level but still short of the almost ¥1.5 tln expected. September's get a seasonal boost normally and those factors were evident this year too. But still, the latest level was lower than the ¥1.6 tln in September 2024. Credit demand remains slightly subdued.India said its September exports rose +6.1% to US$36.4 bln, building on the August increase. Their exports to the US are only 20% of all their exports and less than half of those are caught up in punitive tariff-taxes. And even among those, it is the Americans paying, it seems.The EU said their industrial production rose again August from a year ago. Although the rise was a modest +1.1% from a year ago, that is an inflation-adjusted 'real' gain. In fact, their have reported gains on that basis for the past seven consecutive months which is unusual for them. For the prior 38 months they consistently reported year-on-year decreases. It's a turn up they will take.In Australia, the Westpac-Melbourne Institute Leading Index for Q3-2025 suggests that the Australian economy is only expanding at the long term trend pace, but the pace is picking up marginally. They expect 2025 to come in below trend, but 2026 to edge up to trend levels.And Australia fell almost -66,000 homes short in the year to June of the aspirational +240,000 new homes built needed to the Government's target of 1.2 million new homes in the five years to 2029. That's a -27% shortfall in year one, not a great start because it is actually the weakest annual rise in three years. A shortfall like this will underpin prices for existing houses and make housing sharply less affordable.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.05% and up +2 bps from this time yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$4196/oz, up +US$52 from yesterday.American oil prices are little-changed at just under US$58.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$62/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.2 USc, essentially unchanged from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -320 bps at 87.8 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 49.2 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 61.7, down -10 bps from yesterday. Also, see this.The bitcoin price starts today at US$110.890 and down another -1.5% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just over +/- 1.3%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news both Fed boss Powell, and the IMF are increasingly concerned about financial stability.But first up today, there was a dairy Pulse auction overnight for milk powders. Prices for both SMP and WMP dipped -0.5% in USD terms, extending the easing we have noted recently. But the exchange rate fell faster, so in NZD both commodities were up about +1%.But the key economic influence today is the overnight speech from US Fed boss Powell. He (politely) bemoaned the lack of key current data, but is clearly worried about what is happening in the giant US labour market. He sees payroll about to shrink, not only because of the immigration crackdown, but softening economic activity and business hesitation due to tariff costs and uncertainty. He also said the Fed will likely end its reductions in its balance sheet because liquidity conditions are tightening. His speech sets the Fed up for defensive actions ahead of what they expect are growing economic risks. Basically, they are ready to cut rates.Financial markets noted his caution, and while they didn't retreat, they aren't as gung-ho as yesterday or last week either, despite the rate-cut implication.“My antenna goes up when things like that happen,” Jamie Dimon, said on a call with analysts about stresses like the First Brands debacle. “I probably shouldn’t say this, but when you see one cockroach, there are probably more. Everyone should be forewarned on this one.”In the absence of official data while their shutdown extends, trade data is filling the gap. Today the NFIB Optimism survey came in mich lower than expected, and a fall was expected. Small business owners are increasingly frustrated with supply chain disruptions and are seeing inflation emerging in what they are paying, and having a struggle passing on those costs as sales levels turn soft.Across the Pacific, China has set an ambitious new vehicles sales target for 2025 of 32.3 mln units, far and away the world's largest market (The US is second at about 18 mln vehicles.) They will likely hit that target. In September, sales were the strongest of the year at over 3.2 mln in the month, almost +15% higher than the same month in 2024. NEVs accounted for 1.6 mln, up be almost +25% from a year ago. This is now a globally significant sector driving both the Chinese and global economy.Singapore was bracing for a +2.0% year-on-year Q3-2025 GDP expansion, down from the +4.5% expansion they had in Q2-2025. But they actually got a +2.9% expansion in the September quarter. Services and construction did more heavy lifting there than was assumed when all the focus was on the troubles their factory sector was having.In Australia, the NAB Business Confidence Index rose tin September from August’s three-month low, staying above the long-run average. Business conditions were unchanged, as stronger sales and profits were offset by weaker employment. However, forward orders slipped into contraction indicating softer demand ahead.Through all these global changes, the IMF is trying to make sense of how this is affecting the world's economy. They are somewhat confused by "complex forces". Their World Economic Outlook update projects overall economic growth to slow to +3.2% in 2025 and +3.1% in 2026, down from 3.3% in 2024. They see the world adjusting to rising protectionism and fragmentation and we are now below pre-policy-shift levels. American growth is now expected lower at +2.0% in 2025 and similar in 2026, while China’s economy is projected to slow to +4.8% and +4.2% in 2026. Europe is forecast to expand +1.2% in 2025 and +1.1% in 2026, Japan by +1.1% and +0.6%, Australia by +1.8% and +2.1%. Meanwhile, global inflation is expected to continue easing, though trends will vary across countries, above target in the US, with risks tilted to the upside, while staying subdued elsewhere.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.03% and down -4 bps from this time yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$4145/oz, up +US$35 from yesterday.American oil prices are -US$1 lower at just over US$58.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$62.50/bbl. That is changed by lower demand and higher supply expectations.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.2 USc, down -20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +20 bps at 88.1 AUc. Against the euro we are dow -30 bps at 49.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 61.8, do2n -10 bps from yesterday. Also, see this.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,593 and down -1.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just over +/- 2.6%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news Trump (and Vance) are attempting to roll-back their aggression in the face of ugly financial market reactions and firm Chinese pushbacks. That cheered Wall Street and American investors, but others are watching the risks mount and have pushed precious metals prices up sharply.Meanwhile, China said their exports rose +8.3% in September from a year ago. This is faster expansion that the +4.4% August growth, and took the monthly level to US$329 bln the most in seven months. And this was despite a -27% slump in exports to the US. The exports grew modestly to Japan and Korea, but to some key markets they rose more than +10%, like to Taiwan (+11%), ASEAN countries (+14%), the EU (+14%), and Australia (+11%). They raised their exports to New Zealand by more than +17% - and bought +2.6% more from us. It is a pretty impressive performance, it has to be said.Of course, we don't have any American data to compare it with, the their last data for August showed their exports fell -1.4% from a year ago. American disengagement is a unique opportunity for China who so far are a net winner.And it may get worse for the US. Their farm products are being substituted by other markets (Australia is a winner), and China's rare-earth export restrictions will put a growing share of American technology in a tough spot. Of course, it may also drive innovation to other components but so far there is little evidence of that happening at the scale needed. American companies seem to just be waiting for another TACO moment.It is not all good in China. A new survey of local economists points out a clear slowing.In India, their CPI inflation fell to 1.5% in September, down from 2.1% in August and below the expected 1.7%. This is their lowest inflation rate since June 2017. It is also below their central bank's 2% lower tolerance limit under its inflation-targeting framework. Leading the rate lower were food prices that fell -2.3%, the largest decline since a record -2.7% fall in December 2018.This year’s Nobel Prize in Economics has been awarded to three economists (Israeli, French, Canadian) whose investigations showed that sustained economic growth does in fact come from innovation and 'creative destruction'.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.07% and up +2 bps from this time yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$4110/oz, up +US$94 from yesterday. (Silver is now just under US$52/oz, up proportionately more, but that may have more to do with a short squeeze in the London market.)American oil prices are up +50 USc at just on US$59.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$63.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 57.4 USc, up a bit more than +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -40 bps at 87.9 AUc. Against the euro we are up +30 bps at 49.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 61.9, up +10 bps from yesterday. Also, see this.The bitcoin price starts today at US$114,683 and up +0.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just under +/- 0.9%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news markets will be on edge this week after a sharp -2.7% retreat on Wall Street on Friday and the largest one-day drop since early April. Bonds twisted into defensive mode. Commodities fell, especially oil. Bitcoin retreated sharply. And the USD shifted into its traditional risk-averse mode but not by as much as you might have expected. Many traders seem to want to shift away from the traditional US-is-safe investment thinking. Not helping is that the US has started supporting the Argentine peso to prop up its Trump-friendly president.Although this coming week is the start of the US Q3 earnings season reports, the jolt at the end of last week might make these usually-important signals somewhat less relevant.Normally we would get US inflation data this coming week but it will undoubtedly not come. So we will have to rely on other US data, mainly from the Fed, but also trade sources.Developments in Japan's political transition will be important this coming week. And the IMF will release its World Economic Outlook update.China will release CPI and other September banking data this week. India will also released inflation data. For us, it will be the September REINZ results sometime this week. And Australia will release details about its September labour market.Over the weekend in Canada, they reported a surprisingly strong jobs report there for September with a gain of more than +60,000 jobs in the month, embellished because full-time job gains exceeded +106,000. This is far better than the overall +5000 gain expected. Of course, we didn't get an American jobs report for September because of the shutdown that affects their statistics system, but if the ADP Employment Report is any guide, Canada likely grew its workforce more than the US, which is a rare occurrence given that the US workforce is more than eight times larger than Canada's.On Saturday (NZT) in a bewildering social media post, Trump threatened to hike tariffs on Chinese exports - again - and cancel a meeting with Chinese President Xi in South Korea later this month. The broadside sent markets into the sharp retreat. He was reacting to the Chinese expanding its rare-earth export controls. He said "no way that China should be allowed to hold the world ‘captive’", blind to what he is trying to do with his own unilateral tariffs.Just when market optimists thought that the US and China had a chance of making up, Trump has exposed his weakness - his lack of self-awareness and childish inability to understand the double standards he seeks.Markets have reacted badly to the tiff, seeing it as a flare-up in trade wars that will hurt the global economy. Equities fell sharply, bond yields went into risk-aversion mode, and the USD became less competitive. Commodity prices fell.The US Federal Government September deficit result due out over the weekend has been delayed, another data victim of their shutdown. It might be a while - mass firings of federal workers has begun.In Japan, the elevation of "Iron Lady" Sanae Takaichi to lead the LDP seems to have stumbled at the first hurdle. The LDP's main coalition partner has refused to work with her. Japanese politics could be extending its revolving door government style.In Australia, business is in a hesitant spot too. Data out on Friday for August showed monthly business turnover fell -2.2% (seasonally adjusted) and this fall was the largest since April 2023 with drops across nine industries. Manufacturing was down -5.8%, tech was down -3.7%, and mining was down -1.9%.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.05% and unchanged from Saturday but down -9 bps for the week.The price of gold will start today at US$4016/oz, up +US$28 from Saturday and up +US$128 from a week ago. Silver is now just on US$50/oz, a weekly gain of +US$2.American oil prices are holding lower at just on US$59/bbl and a five month low, down -US$2 from a week ago, with the international Brent price now just under US$63.The Kiwi dollar is at just over 57.2 USc, unchanged from Saturday and down -110 bps from a week ago. Against the Aussie we are up +10 bps at 88.3 AUc. Against the euro we are little-changed at 49.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 61.8, unchanged from Saturday but down -80 bps for the week. Also, see this.The bitcoin price starts today at US$114,215 and down -3.0% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just under +/- 2.1%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news China's economic activity over their holiday period will be impressing investors, while the US worries about weakening labour markets.But first, the ongoing US Federal Government shutdown means there is no USDA WASDE report for September that was due today. That will delay scrutiny of "farmageddon" especially for soybean farmers. Bailouts are on the way (in a way Trump hates in other countries) but they won't be large enough to hold off existential issues for many farmers.But despite the shutdown, there was a long-dated bond auction overnight for their 30 year Treasury bond, and it attracted normal levels of support. It resulted in a median yield of 4.67%, up from 4.58% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.Across the Pacific, Japanese machine tool orders for September rose almost +10% from a year earlier to its best September level since the record high in 2022. Driving the increase was export orders, although domestic orders gained too. It is an impressive result for them.Taiwanese exports in September continue to astound. The surged almost +34% from a year ago to more than US$54 bln in the month, their third-highest month ever. Only the prior July and August were larger, so they are on a real roll. This latest data was driven by strong demand for their electronics products, up more than +86% on the same basis. Other machinery exports were good too. You can see why mainland politicians covet their neighbour and want to claim it.In the Philippines, their central bank cut its policy rate unexpectedly by -25 bps to 4.75%.Chian is back from holiday. According to official reports, they estimated the Golden Week holiday generated 888 mln separate travel trips with total overall spending at ¥809 bln (NZ$200 bln). These are record highs with hospitality up +2.7% and tourist spending up +6%. Their overall GST data shows retail activity up +4.5% from year-ago levels for this holiday period. By any measures these are good levels and indicate China's economy is more than holding its own at present. It also indicates that domestic demand can be a sustainable driver for them, much as Beijing has wanted.Supporting this conclusion has been the positive financial market reactions post-holiday from the equity, bond and currency markets.Indonesia reported August retail sales overnight and they expanded at a good pace, up +3.5% from a year ago, and while this wasn't as fast as for July, it does indicate that recent government measures to dig them out of a languid period are working. This is important because social unrest spilled into the streets a few months ago.In Europe, Germany reported August export levels overnight and they came in almost the same as they reported a year ago (€130 bln)In Australia, their October survey of inflation expectations again shows pressure at the top of the recent range. Those expectations edged up to 4.8% from 4.7% in September, continuing high results since June. This is building concerns that Q3 inflation may exceed the forecasts of 3% when it is released on Wednesday, October 29. This latest uptick reflects the impact of unwinding temporary energy subsidies, and elevated labour costs driven by weak productivity.Global container freight rates were little-changed last week, down just -1% from the prior week to be under half year-ago levels. Bulk freight rates were also unchanged for the week to be +5% higher than year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.15% and up +1 bp from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3980/oz, down -US$73 from yesterday and now well off its high. Volatility is setting in. Silver is down too but not by as much, now just under US$49/oz. Earlier in the day it hit a new ATH before the pullback.American oil prices are down -US$1 at just on US$61.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$65.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.4 USc, down another -40 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we softened -10 bps at 87.7 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.2, down -20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$120,690 and down -2.0% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.4%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news it seems the absence of official US economic data isn't holding back financial market risk takers, and even the data that is available, none of it very positive, isn't restraining them either.First in the US, consumer debt growth seems to have evaporated in August. They were expecting a 'normal' +US$12 bln expansion, better than last year's +US$9 bln rise. But they only got +US$0.3 bln and far below anticipations. It rose at the slowest pace in six months, held back by a decline in credit card balances. Even car loan growth slowed to a crawl. It is a notable cooling in household borrowing, consistent with the expectation survey we noted yesterday that reported worries about jobs and interest rates are on the rise.US mortgage applications fell again last week, extending the big fall the previous week. This came even though mortgage interest rates also fell.A host of alternative jobs data from Wall Street are pointing in the same direction: the American labour market is losing steam. Many of these reports and surveys are private, for subscribers only, and so give a new advantage to a few. But even this data is still ignored by frothy markets.There was a less-well supported US Treasury auction overnight for their ten year Note, and that delivered a median yield of 4.06% which was up from the 3.99% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.Meanwhile the release of the minutes from the last Fed meeting saw benchmark rate rise slightly, the US dollar halt its rise, and the S&P500 yawn.In Japan, the Reuters Tankan business confidence survey came in quite positive again in September, although lower than for August which was unusually buoyant. Since April this survey has been quite positive.In Taiwan, their September inflation rate fell to 1.25%, their lowest since March 2021 and down from 1.6% in August. It is also now well below their central bank's target of 2%.In China, they return from holiday today and businesses and financial markets will re-open. By official accounts, the level of economic activity during this break was high.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.14% and up +2 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$4053/oz, up +US$80 from yesterday and a new high. Silver is taking off again, now at US$49.50. (By the way its record high was just under US$51 in March 2011.)American oil prices are up +US$1 at just on US$62.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$66.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.8 USc, down another -30 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we softened -30 bps at 88.7 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 49.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.4, down -20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$123,124 and up +1.1% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.0%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news most of the latest economic data seems to be on a downslide.The overnight dairy auction brought slightly easing prices, although not be as much as the derivatives market had signaled. In the end prices fell -1.6% in USD terms, but in NZD terms they were actually up +1.5% as the value of our currency is weaker.Elsewhere, the American logistics sector is starting to show the building uncertainty in their economy. Their September LMI came in at near its weakest of 2025 with costs and inventory levels up and warehouse utilisation down.The same pullback is showing in consumer sentiment too. It softened in October as reported by the RealClearMarkets/TIPP Economic Optimism Index.And the same wavering sentiment has been picked up in the New York Fed's national survey of consumer expectations. Inflation expectations ticked up to 3.4%, expected income growth fell, and the expectations of losing a job rose.And for the record, the US Federal government shutdown drags on.In Canada, in August, merchandise exports fell -3.0%, while imports were up +0.9%. As a result, Canada's merchandise trade deficit with the world widened from -$3.8 bln in July to -$6.3 bln in August. Exports featured their first decrease since April and the US tariff moves. Their imports featured a rush to import gold.However it may not all be gloom in Canada. Their internal economy may be on a roll. Their closely-watch local PMI surged in September to a 16-month high and smashing market expectations of only a minor improvement.Across the Pacific, we should note that today is the final day of their week-long national holiday in China.Meanwhile, Japanese household spending rose +2.3% in August from a year ago and far better than expected. In fact, it was the fourth straight monthly rise and the strongest pace since May. Helping were government support measures at tackling cost pressures (including the big rice price jump) and the new American tariffs.In Australia, consumer sentiment is receding. The Westpac-Melbourne Institute Consumer Sentiment Index fell in October from September to its lowest reading in six months. Optimism about where family finances are headed is fading. Uncertainty about future interest rate cuts is rising. And pessimism about housing affordability is rising as house price expectations hit new 15-year high. These are retrograde moves.And that is showing up in job ads. The ANZ-Indeed measure of job ads fell -3.3% in September, one of the largest monthly drops in the past 18 months. The latest data was the third consecutive monthly fall and the sixth monthly drop this year so far.And globally, it is probably worth noting that the Boeing 737 has been dethroned as history's most popular jet aircraft. It has now been overtaken by Airbus's A320 which has now produced and delivered 12,260 of this model.Also globally, the World Bank came up with gloomy world trade forecasts for 2026.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.12% and down -4 bps from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today at US$3973/oz, up +US$21 from yesterday and a new high and edging toward US$4000. In fact it hit that level, briefly, about four hours ago. Silver is taking a breather however and is lower todayAmerican oil prices are down -50 USc at just under US$61.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$65/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.1 USc, down -30 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we soft -10 bps at 88.1 AUc. Against the euro we are down -20 bps at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 65.6, down -10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$121,767 and down -2.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just on +/- 2.0%.And join us at 2pm later today for the results of the RBNZ's Monetary Policy Review. Financial markets are still split on whether it will be a -25 bps or -50 bps cut, but yesterday's weak QSBO might have tipped it to the larger one.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news financial markets are running positively, but without the guardrails of American economic data, while the US Federal shutdown extends. In their absence, consumer and tech speculations are generating considerable froth.But first in China, their Mid-Autumn festival holiday spending should tell us a lot about their economic activity, and the initial signs are promising for them; unprecedented travel levels, active holiday destinations. But we will have to wait for the overall outcomes. The final day of this holiday period is tomorrow.In Japan, their stock market took off in a wave of euphoria following the vote to make Sanae Takaichi the leader of the LDP and PM in waiting. But the yen fell, probably a boon for Japanese exporters.In Europe, August retail sales volumes were mixed. They were up only +1.0% from the same month a year ago, the least in more than a year. But the change from July were slightly more encouraging driven by food purchases, especially in France and Spain. Germany and Italy were laggards however. Easing fuel consumption was part of the reason for the retail growth restraint which they will take as a 'good thing'.In France, a newly appointed Prime Minister resigned when his new cabinet could not survive its first parliamentary vote.In Australia, the Melbourne Institute Monthly Inflation Gauge recorded a +0.4% increase in monthly inflation for September from August, primarily influenced by higher recreation and transport related prices. The monthly cost of living also rose. Annual headline inflation now lies at the top-end of the 2-3% target band at just on +3.0%. This is the same as the last ABS Inflation Indicator for August. At this rate, it seems unlikely that the RBA will be looking at any rate cut at their November 4, 2025 review. But not everyone links like that. The central bank is still expected to slash the cash rate despite these sticky prices, according to the latest quarterly survey of economists by The Australian Financial Review.In the US, no progress at all on their Federal government shutdown. And to distract attention, as autocrats always do, Trump is moving to impose National Guard military presence in major cities, even when the evidence is clear there are no crime waves, as he claims. But the distraction is the point.And we should note that aluminium prices are rising significantly again, up at US$2720/tonne. They are now near their highest ever, (apart from the unusual 2021-22 bubble in the pandemic recovery). Tin, Zinc and even copper are also on the rise. The main metal price not changing much is nickel. Iron ore is also flat-lining, as it has done since early 2024. But precious metals, the ones much more subject to consumer speculation, are surging. The most spectacular is platinum which is up +60% since May. (In the same time, gold has risen +22% and silver +47%).The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.16% and up +4 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3952/oz, up +US$67 from yesterday and a new high and powering toward US$4000. Silver is up too, but less, now at US$48.50/oz.American oil prices are up +US$1 at just under US$62/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$65.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.4 USc, up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we soft -10 bps at 88.2 AUc. Against the euro we are up +20 bps at 49.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 65.7, up +10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$125,294 and up +2.0% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest however at just on +/- 1.1%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that while much of the financial world seems disconnected from economic reality, we are about to reminded of our local realities this week.This week will be all about the RBNZ OCR review on Wednesday. Will it be a -25 bps cut or a -50 bps cut? Financial markets do not know, but then again neither do analysts. Banks have been assuming -25 bps at least and have trimmed their one year fixed home loan rates by this much. But since the last OCR review one year swap rates have fallen -31 bps, so if there is a -50 bps cut on Wednesday, expect those swap rates to fall almost immediately, and banks to follow that up with more fixed rate mortgage reductions. Savers will be looking on nervously because the rates offered to them in term deposits also face the same downward pressures.In Australia, it will be all about the Westpac consumer confidence survey, the NAB business confidence survey, and consumer inflation expectations. And of course, parts of the eastern states are now on Daylight Saving Time, so basically back to 2 hours behind New Zealand (except Brisbane, which stays 3 hours behind).The US government shutdown will remain the focus this week in the world's major financial markets as the extended impasse between members of Congress showed little signs of improvement. The shutdown jeopardises releases from US Federal agencies including the trade balance, jobless claims, and the budget statement after the September jobs report and other key data has already been delayed. Still, the minutes from the FOMC's last meeting is still expected.Among non-US governmental releases, October's Michigan Consumer Sentiment surveyed will be eyed.Over the weekend the ruling LDP party in Japan selected a new prime minister, notable because it is Japan's first female prime minister, Sanae Takaichi. Takaichi, 64, was known to be close to the late Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, another prominent right-wing leader of the LDP. She has publicly stated that she sees former UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as her role model. She has been called a "China hawk". Some locally fear they may be getting a Liz Truss.In China, the massive Mid-Autumn Festival holiday travel is underway. China's railways handled an all-time record 23.1 million passenger trips last Wednesday, the first day of the eight-day holiday.Across the Pacific in the US over the weekend, the ISM released its services PMI for September and that showed a sector no longer expanding. New orders did though, barely, but a sharp slowdown from August's rise. Business activity actually contracted, down near the brief dip in mid-2024, and apart from that its lowest level since the pandemic in 2020. Analysts were not expecting this widely-watched metric to be so downbeat.Price rise impulses were restrained. Businesses are not able to pass on the tariff taxes in full, and that makes them feel quite constrained.In Canada, five provinces raised their minimum wages last week, following five who did it earlier in the year. As a result, British Columbia is now at C$17.85/hr (NZ$21.95), Ontario is at C$17.60/hr. Quebec at C$16.10/hr and Alberta is the lowest at C$15/hr (NZ$18.45).Canadian housing markets are operating on a two-track basis now; rising sales volumes and falling sales prices. In Toronto, sales volumes rose +8.5% in September from a year ago to 5592 homes sold, but average prices fell -4.7% on the same basis. And that was despite a central bank rate cut in the month.More globally, the FAO global food price index fell in September and in part that was due to retreating dairy prices. But they are still +9% higher than year-ago levels. On the other hand, meat prices rose again to be +6.6% higher than year-ago levels. Sheepmeat surged on limited supply and good demand. Beef prices rose sharply to all-time high levels.And we should probably note that after rising to €84/tonne in 2024 to start this year, EU carbon prices then fell to about €60/tonne at the end of March. But since then they have risen back to almost €80/tonne now and putting on a bit of a spurt in early October. While local carbon markets are struggling, the same is not true elsewhere.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.12% and unchanged from Saturday but down -6 bps for the week.The price of gold will start today at US$3885/oz, up +US$3 from Saturday and a new high. That is up +US$113 or +2.9% from a week ago. Silver had another big spurt this week, now just under US$48/oz, a weekly gain of +3.8%.American oil prices are softish at just under US$61/bbl, but down -US$4 from a week ago, with the international Brent price now just on US$64.5 and down -$5.50 from a week ago.The Kiwi dollar is at just over 58.3 USc, little-changed from Saturday but up +50 bps from a week ago. Against the Aussie we holding at

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the US is throwing out its existing economic playbooks and replacing it with personal revenge and retribution.First, there is no progress on the US federal government shutdown, other than Trump declaring it an 'unprecedented opportunity' to defund his opponents. The childishness of the approach by a world power is something to behold.Almost certainly, there will be no US non-farm payrolls report tomorrow due to the Federal government shutdown. That will save the Administration from what would likely be an embarrassing result of job atrophy.US-based employers announced 54,064 job cuts in September, the least in three months, compared to 85,979 in August. But of course, October is off to a very rocky start. So far this year, companies have announced 946,426 job cuts, the highest such level in five year when 2,082,262 were announced. It is up +55% from the 609,242 job cuts announced through the first three quarters of last year and is up +24% from the 2024 full year total of 761,358.In Japan, it may have been only a small improvement from August, but Japan’s consumer confidence index rose in September, reaching its highest level since December 2024. Most components improved, including overall livelihood, employment outlook, and willingness to buy durable goods.In Australia, household spending inched higher by just +0.1% in August to be +5.0% than year-ago levels. It was held back by lower spending on booze and recreation, lifted by higher spending on transport.Aussie exports were weak in August, mainly because of lower gold exports. This means August goods exports were -3.5% lower than year ago levels. Imports were +4.5% higher on the same basis.And the Australian First Home Buyer scheme is open and accepting applications. The word is that demand is strong. The scheme allows buyers to buy with extreme leverage - as little as a 2% deposit - all backed up by the taxpayer. The extra demand will come at a time of low listing availability, low new build activity, and already high prices. Analysts expect to be watching future house prices zooming higher because of these new incentives and the existing pressures.Global container freight rates were down another -5% last week from the prior week, and it was the same story; the decline was led by outbound rates from China. Bulk cargo rates fell -11% in the past week to be very similar to year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is still at 4.09%, down another -2 bps from yesterday on risk aversion.The price of gold will start today at US$3841/oz, down -US$29 from yesterday.American oil prices are down another -US$1.50 at just on US$60.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$64/bbl. In the US, these much lower prices are not really flowing through to pump prices with current prices little-different to year-ago levels even though US crude prices are -18% lower than then.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.2 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie however we are up +30 bps at 88.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 49.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.4, and up +10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$119,725 and up +1.7% from yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.4%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news markets are maintaining a wilful blindness in the face of the arrival of some major threats and poor data.Firstly we should note that the US Federal Government is shutting down having reached its debt limit, and in the absence of a compromise reached between Congress (the Senate in this case) and White House. There is no sign that this issue will be resolved soon. The President is using the event to blame everyone else but himself - and the truth is he probably doesn't care what damage he is doing; he's likely relishing it.But it will likely have significant financial market impacts, although today Wall Street is acting like it will be resolved quickly as usual, holding their breath.However, this shutdown could delay the September jobs report due at the weekend. Some are even saying the shutdown could stretch all the way to the Fed’s next meeting on October 29. (The US Supreme Court has knocked back Trump's attempt to oust Fed Governor Cook, at least until the new year.) Gold posted another all-time high and is on track for an annual rise +50%, while the US dollar is under pressure.Meanwhile, data out overnight shows there was a huge drop in US mortgage applications last week, the largest in nearly a year. Refinance activity dropped the most, but finance for new home purchases dropped notably too. Benchmark mortgage interest rates didn't move much, up just +12 bps and still on a declining trend.News on their labour market front wasn't good for September either. In advance of this weekend's non-farm payrolls report, the ADP Employment Report was expected to reveal a low +50,000 jobs gain. But in fact it came in with a -32,000 jobs loss for the month. It isn't clear yet whether the non-farm payrolls report will be released given the shutdown. The ADP version may be all the markets get on how the giant US labour market is tracking.And it really isn't any better on the factory floor. The latest ISM factory PMIfor September is still in contraction (49.1) with the new order component retreating from August. (But the S&P Global factory PMI which we reported last week is a bit more upbeat. Even so it reports slowing demand.)All this will depress American economic growth. But it may also raise inflation. The frequent shocks to global supply chains from factors such as the American tariffs leave central banks with limited tools to combat rising risks of inflation, according to the Governor of the Canadian central bank in a recent interview.Canada's factories are slowing too.Across the Pacific, similar factory PMIs show Japan contracting, Korea moving back into expansion on strong new orders, Taiwan going backwards, and Indonesia in a minor expansion again on the back of better new orders.So it won't be a surprise to lean that September exports from Korea rose sharply to their best level since mid-2024.In China, their Golden Week national holiday is underway, starting an enormous surge in travel by vacationers. International markets will notice the surge.In Australia, Cotality is reporting a surge in house prices driven by a worrying combination of low new supply, very low listing levels, and new low-deposit arrangements bringing in more demand. House prices jumped in all capital cities in September, led by Perth and Brisbane, but the most notable change is the rise in Sydney.The UST 10yr yield is still at 4.11%, down -3 bps from yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$3870/oz, up +US$23 from yesterday and a new all-time high. Silver is back up to US$47.50/oz.American oil prices are down another -50 USc at just under US$62/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$65.50/bbl and down -US$1.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.1 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie however we are up +40 bps at 88 AUc. Against the euro we are up +20 bps at 49.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.3, and also up +20 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$117,765 and up +4.3% from yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at just on +/- 2.3%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the US faces a federal government shutdown as markets start to realise Trump has no problem being reckless and has no problem hurting his 'friends'..But first, there was another Pulse dairy auction overnight. And that brought marginally weaker prices for both SMP and WMP, down a bit less than -0.5% in USD terms. In fact these prices are now at their lowest level of 2025. But because the NZD is falling, the prices achieved actually rose about the same amount in local currency.In the US, the number of job openings in August were virtually unchanged from July at 7.2 mln as was expected.But the Chicago PMI fell again in September, well below market expectations that it would improve. And the dip was sharp, the most in three months.Also weaker was the Dallas Fed services sector with their retail sector retreating rather fast in an unusual move lower.Adding to the downbeat sentiment was the September report from the Conference Board showing consumers are glummer than at any time since the start of the year. A common theme in the survey responses is the impact of rising inflation.And the downbeat sentiment may well get worse, and quickly. The White House seems to relish a full government shutdown to start their fiscal year tomorrow with mass firings rather than furloughs. And Trump says some American cities he considers dangerous should become training grounds for American troops, proposing 'his' troops be used to fight other Americans in their home cities. It is getting toxic very fast there.For their economy, there is a real possibility now that this weekend's non-farm payrolls release will be cancelled because the department releasing it will be closed. If that turns out to be the case, it could mask some quite weak results. Analysts now expect less than a +50,000 gain.Financial markets are downplaying the risks of all this, mainly because there have been many 'shutdown' crises over the decades. But at least the earlier ones involved parties prepared to reach a deal. Maybe not this time.Across the Pacific in China, their official factory PMI contracted again. But even though it is the sixth straight monthly contraction, the pace of decline was the least in that time. (Their factory PMI rose in February and March, but only by marginal levels.) Their official services PMI for September is no longer expanding. These official PMIs have been more conservative than the private surveys (RatingDog, ex Caixin) probably because they have a heavier weighting to Chinese SOEs. The private ones are more attuned to private and foreign enterprises, surveyed by S&P Global, and they report a faster expanding factory sector, and solidly expanding services sector.Meanwhile, China has frozen imports of BHP iron ore in a pricing dispute. BHP is their third largest supplier after Rio Tinto and Brazil's Vale.Taiwanese consumer sentiment rose in September, but to be fair the bar is low because it has been stunted since May.In Europe, Germany said their CPI inflation edged up to 2.4% in September, marginally above the August level. But ist was a rise that was slightly more than expected.In Australia, there were no surprises from their central bank which held its cash rate target at 3.6%. But even though this hold was all priced in, there was some surprising reaction in financial markets. Somehow the decision was regarded as 'hawkish' and the AUD rose and benchmark bond interest rates fell on the news. The strong currency remained although the bond move was later reversed. Air cargo volumes in August grew +4.1% globally, driven by a near +10% rise from a year ago in the Asia/Pacific region. But notably, North American air cargo volumes fell -2.1% on the same basis in August, the weakest global region. And the pattern was similar for passenger travel. Asia/Pacific and Latin America brought strong growth, underpinning a +4.6% expansion, but North America lagged here too, only up +0.5% from a year ago.The UST 10yr yield is still at 4.14%, unchanged from yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$3846/oz, up +US$16 from yesterday and a new all-time high. Silver is -50 USc softer however.American oil prices are down another -50 USc at just over US$62.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just under US$66.50/bbl and down more than -US$1.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58 USc and up +20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie however we are down -30 bps at 87.6 AUc and a new three year low. Against the euro we are little-changed at 49.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.1, and unchanged.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,876 and down -0.8% from yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just on +/- 0.9%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news gold is soaring on US missteps, and oil is falling as demand falters while supply is rising fast.Overnight US data was mixed. August pending home sales came in a little better than expected, up +4.0% from July, but only up +3.8% from year ago levels which themselves were relatively stunted. Less than 20% of American realtors expect the next three months to improve.But the Dallas Fed factory survey reported a sharpish turn lower, a second consecutive monthly contraction in manufacturing activity and the steepest since June. But they still have growth, just far less. New orders dipped again. Costs continue to rise faster than selling prices.The chances of a US federal government shutdown are rising with compromise no longer in anyone's vocabulary. Trump thinks no-one will blame him for his intransigence.And apparently, the next US tariff target is movie production - something both Australian and New Zealand creative industries will look at with trepidation.Singapore reported their producer prices rose. They grew by +1.1% in August from a year ago, after a -2.4% drop in the previous month. And this was their first producer price inflation since March 2025.Later today, China will release its August PMI data, the key releases before their Golden Week holiday break that starts tomorrow.In India, industrial production rose +4.0% in August from a year ago, slowing slightly from the upwardly revised 4.3% growth rate in July, but less than the expected +5% increase. Still, the result continued a reasonable first half of the year, showing that initial tariffs by the Americans did not have a significant immediate impact on their industrial activity.But today's big news will be the RBA's upcoming rate review. Analysts expect no change at 3.6%. Financial markets are of the same view with nothing priced in to secondary market wholesale rates. But the RBA will be weighing the impact of relatively strong labour markets, good economic growth, low budget deficits and a strong fiscal impulse, along with rising CPI inflation touching 3.0% in August. Waiting could leave them with a harder-to-control inflation problem, although to be fair, no-one expects a rise today even if many think it would be warranted and wise.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.14%, down -5 bps from yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$3830/oz, up +US$72 from yesterday and a new all-time high. Silver had yet another big spurt, now almost at US$47/oz. This latest surge puts the US gold stockpile at Fort Knox and the NY Fed now worth more than US$1 tln.American oil prices are down a sharpish -US$2 at just over US$63/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$67.50/bbl. With global demand wavering, the planned OPEC increase, plus the resumption of Iraqi oil from their Kurdistan region has traders talking about a glut.The Kiwi dollar is at just over 57.8 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie however we are down -25 bps at 87.9 AUc and that is the lowest in three years. Against the euro we are little-changed at 49.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 65.1, down -10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$113,795 and up +3.2% from yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at under +/- 1.8%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news even the giant American economy can't seem to maintain its momentum, with Trump grabbing at all the levers of government. He is even taking government domain names and inserting is personal interests. It will become increasingly hard to separate real American economic data from that skewed by his army of MAGA blackshirts who have been inserted into these agencies.The week ahead will be busy, with major economic releases that will culminate with the US September non-farm payrolls report and related labour market data. Ordinarily they impact the policy path for the Fed this year. Markets currently expect jobs growth of less than +50,000 and settling in to a low trajectory. Before that we will get the ADP private employment report (expect even less), results from the JOLTS report, and Challenger job cuts (a big jump is expected by analysts).Besides labour updates, investors will also be on alert for the risk of a US government shutdown at the start of the new fiscal year on October 1The September update of the ISM PMI is due (analysts think it will be more contractionary than in August), and we will also get PMI releases from China, Canada, Brazil, South Korea, and ASEAN countries.Regionally, the RBA will be reviewing its monetary policy settings on Tuesday, and now no rate cut is expected due to rising inflation pressures, so markets expect it to stay at 3.6%. India will also be reviewing its monetary policy position late Wednesday, and no change is expected there either, keeping their rate at 5.5%.Daylight savings time has started in New Zealand of course, but not yet in Australia. So we will be 3 hours ahead of eastern Australia. But Queensland, the Northern Territory, and Western Australia do not observe daylight saving time, making it a patchwork system across their country.Over the weekend, China released August industrial profits data. After struggling all year to July to show any improvement on the equivalent month a year ago, August industrial profits rose at a good clip, up by more than +20% on the prior August's lame result. There was faster growth in the private sector while state-owned enterprises recorded a much smaller decline.And we should note that China is about to go on its 2025 national Golden Week holiday which will run from Wednesday, October 1st to Wednesday, October 8th, an extended eight-day holiday that combines National Day with the Mid-Autumn Festival. This is a major time for domestic and international travel, resulting in busy transportation and tourist activity. Businesses largely suspend their operations in this time but key government departments do operate.Over the weekend, Singapore released industrial production data delivering a large negative surprise. This activity was down a massive -7.8% in August from a year ago. The month-on-month data was sharply negative too. It was largely driven by very big drops in the electronics and biomedical sectors and caught analysts very much by surprise.And over the weekend in the world's largest economy, they released personal income and spending data for August which came in pretty much as anticipated. Personal disposable income rose +0.4% in the month and personal consumption expenditure rose +0.6% on the same basis - all from the prior month. But if you think about it, these are actually fast annualised rises, with costs rising much faster than incomes.This same data shows incomes were up +1.9% from a year ago, consumption up 2.7% on that year-ago basis. And as we noted, recent changes are rising faster than these annual shifts. The Fed will have noticed, as PCE inflation is now running well over 3% and its fastest since February. Goods inflation is 4.2% with durable goods up +5.2% in a year in this data. Clearly the tariff-tax effect is not transitory.The updated September University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey for the US was revised slightly lower to be -21% lower than a year ago. Consumers surveyed continue to express frustration over persistently high prices, with 44% spontaneously mentioning to surveyors that high prices are eroding their personal finances. And they say they expect inflation to be +4.7% higher in a year’s time - interestingly similar to the current goods inflation data.Markets are going to have to accept that inflation is being structurally embedded at above target levels and that the prospect of more rate cuts is receding if the Fed is to have any credibility with an inflation-fighting mandate. Financial markets have priced in one -25 bps rate cut this year, two by the end of January 2026. Politics may deliver them but it will be at the expense of inflation - which is clearly rising again and quite fast.And the US has also arbitrarily decided to impose new tariffs on pharmaceutica

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that currency markets, bond markets and equity markets all react to unexpectedly 'strong' US data releases overnight, much of it sceptical. In fact we are getting rising risk aversion questioning its believability.US initial jobless claims came in last week at just over 180,000, and less than expected, and less than seasonal factors would have indicated. There are now 1.728 mln people on these benefits, but still +100,000 more than at the same time last year.And new orders for manufactured durable goods rose marginally in August from July, following two consecutive monthly decreases. That puts them a good +5.4% higher than year-ago levels. But non-defence, non-aircraft capital goods orders were low in the month, up just +1.6% from a year ago and it seems clear boardrooms are not enthusiastic investors at this point.This data is far more positive than the regional Fed factory survey are picking up, so we will need to wait before we conclude reshoring is actually happening.The September factory survey from the Kansas City Fed described only very modest changes in factories in their region. Order backlogs reduced as did new orders for export.In fact, US exports fell -1.4% in August in updated trade data, while imports fell -5.6%. That narrowed their trade deficit but only to the level it was in June, and not materially different to August a year ago. So it is hard to see much 'progress' here in shrinking this.But, the final US GDP result for the June quarter came in with a huge revision higher, up +3.8% from a year ago. This was apparently driven by a decrease in imports, and an increase in consumer spending, offset by decreases in investment and exports. There was a one-off revision to the consumer spending data in this release which twisted things somewhat. Again, this data is hard to reconcile with the real-time high-frequency data that we saw in the second quarter, but this is what they are reporting.If the Fed accepts this GDP data, rate cuts there are likely pushed further away.Meanwhile, August data on existing home sales dipped in August.In Canada, they reported average weekly earnings for July and they were up +3.3% to C$1,308 from a year ago, following a +3.6% increase in June.And staying in Canada, their federal government has instructed Canada Post to end door-to-door postal delivery.In China, the yuan has appreciated to the highest level in nearly 10 months against the American dollar as concerns over frictions between the world's two largest economies subside and China's economic growth prospects remain steady.In Taiwan, after four consecutive months of decreases, their reported retail sales that rose in August from a year ago. This data is modest compared to their booming industrial sector as we noted yesterday.And perhaps we should note that the Swiss central bank left its policy rate unchanged at 0% in an overnight review. Switzerland has inflation running at just +0.2% pa.Container freight rates fell faster last week, down -8% for the week to be a massive -55% lower than year-ago levels. And it was again outbound rates from China that is driving this retreat. But bulk freight rates actually rose again last week by +2.9% to be +10.5% higher than year-ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.17%, up +2 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3739/oz, up just +US$6 from yesterday. Silver is on the mover however, up approaching US$45/oz.American oil prices are little-changed at just under US$65/bbl, with the international Brent price still just over US$69/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 57.6 USc and down another -50 bps from yesterday and that is its lowest level since mid-April. Against the Aussie we are down just -10 bps at 88.2 AUc and near a three-year low. Against the euro we are actually unchanged at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 65.2, and down another -30 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,928 and down -4.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been moderate at just over +/- 2.3%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news we are less than a week away from another potential US federal government funding shutdown.But first up today, we can report American August data for new home sales has surprised everyone and jumped a very sharp +20% from July to an annualised rate of 800,000. Few saw this coming. Analysts say sharp discounting and widespread promotional offers are behind the twist because the unsold inventories were mounting. But the gains were widespread especially in the Northeast (+72%). Or it could just be rogue data.And that is because we had not seen any recent trend in rising mortgage application levels to support such a big August jump. In fact last week's application levels were dominated by refinance activity, not new home purchase applications. The discrepancy between the two data releases is a curiosity.There was another well-supported US Treasury bond auction earlier today, this one for their 5-year Note. The median yield came in at 3.65%, little-changed from the 3.67% at the prior equivalent event.Taiwanese industrial production rose in August by +14.4% from a year ago, slowing from an upwardly revised +18.7% gain in the previous month. Taiwan seems to deliver a never-ending stream of double-digit economic advances. It has to be the world's most impressive economy at present.Hong Kong has now shifted to clean-up mode now that Super-Typhoon Ragasa has moved on. There is a lot to restore. It has made landfall in southern China now, where 2 mln people have been evacuated. Ragasa is 2025's largest storm globally and is the largest since the all-time records set by Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, the most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded. (Hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones are all the same, just named differently based on where they develop from.)Moving on, yesterday's release of the August monthly CPI indicator series in Australia shows that inflations pressures are still alive - and rising. They came in at 3.0%, the most in more than a year. But they have a 1-3% target range so it is technically within that range. The trajectory will worry the RBA all the same. And financial markets have pushed back their expectations of when the RBA will cut rates next.In Indonesia, the combination of an accident at a major copper mine that has closed it completely, and in Peru, a closure over a tough political dispute, has seen copper prices jump overnight.In Russia, that are raising their GST to 22% to pay for their war on Ukraine.In the US, attention is twisting back to lending, liquidity and credit-rating standards as two major financials collapse in a reprise of the GFC sub-prime mistakes. Both Tricolor (a Texas car loan lender) and First Brands (a car parts maker) recently had good credit ratings confirmed.And tariffs, rising joblessness, and weird public policy make the globally important US economy unusually vulnerable at present. So we should note that a US Federal Government shutdown seems on the cards as Trump seems not to care. One of these types of events could trigger something to seriously unnerve financial markets - the US not paying its bills could be it (and is unlikely to be seen as "just another Trump bankruptcy".)The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.15%, up +3 bps from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today at US$3733/oz, down -US$48 from yesterday. Silver was lower too and now under US$44/oz.American oil prices are up +US$1.50 at just under US$65/bbl, with the international Brent price now just over US$69/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.1 USc and down -50 bps from yesterday and that is its lowest level since mid-April. Against the Aussie we are also down -50 bps at 88.3 AUc and near a three-year low. Against the euro we are down -30 bps at 49.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 65.5, and down another -30 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$113.858 and up +1.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been modest at just over +/- 1.1%.Today, all eyes will be on the big Fonterra announcements, which are expected to be very positive. Join us for our coverage that will start with their NZX market releases soon.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the latest data shows American business activity slowing further.But first up this morning we should note that the overnight dairy Pulse event brought little-change to either the ASMP or WMP prices. This is as expected for SMP but 'better' than expected for WMP. In NZD however there was a rise because the Kiwi dollar fell. All eyes are now on tomorrows Fonterra annual report.There were also no surprises in the S&P Global/Markit PMIs for the US for September. Both their flash factory and services PMI reading eased slightly, but are not contracting. Growth may be slowing, but selling price inflation is cooling too. The report noted weak new order growth and tariff-taxes were widely cited as the main cause of sharply higher costs, but the weaker demand and stiff competition reportedly limited the scope to raise selling prices,And that is confirmed in the Richmond Fed factory survey which turned down sharply in September. New order levels were weak, cost pressures strong. Services in the same mid-Atlantic area were not very positive either.There was another very large US Treasury 2yr Note auction today, one that saw another pull-back in overall support although the coverage remains strong. The median yield dipped to 3.52% from 3.60% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.In China, Nikkei has found that retail consumer loans are going bad faster, the latest headache for Chinese lenders already plagued by the country's real estate problems. And it comes just when the government aims to stimulate consumption through increased consumer debt backed up by more public borrowings. Nikkei Asia combed through the latest interim disclosures by mainland banks listed in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong and found that nonperforming personal loans rose at a faster pace than those in the real estate sector during the first half of the year.Overnight, Taiwan reported yet another outstandingly good export orders data, again exceeding the expected very good expansion.Super Typhoon Ragasa is expected to hit Hong Kong today, and they are still expecting up to a 5m storm surge (above chart datum). But the eye of the storm is passing slightly south, so it will affect large parts of southern China.India's PMI's were again very expansionary in September for both their services and factory sectors. No signs of cooling in this market.In Europe, their PMIs continue with a modest expansion, even if it is their best in 16 months. But new order levels are only holding, not growing. And the factory sector is now not expanding.And the Swedes delivered a surprise cut to their policy rate, down -25 bps to 1.75%. They cited geopolitical tensions and uncertain US trade policy as the reasons for the move now even though they are experiencing good current growth with inflation up at 3.2% when 2% is their target.In Australia, their PMI's reveal a pullback in September but both sectors are still expanding.Globally, the OECD reported that the global economy was more resilient than anticipated in the first half of 2025, but downside risks loom large as higher barriers to trade and geopolitical and policy uncertainty continue to weigh on activity in many economies. New Zealand doesn't feature in this report, but is sees Australian growth rising, Chinese growth holding at a reasonably good level, and US growth halving to a weak level by 2026.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.12%, down -2 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3781/oz, up another +US$45 from yesterday and a new ATH. Silver was little-changed but still up over US$44/oz.American oil prices are up +US$1 at just under US$63.50/bbl, with the international Brent price now just on US$67.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.6 USc and down -10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are also down -10 bps at 88.8 AUc. Against the euro we are down -20 bps at 49.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 65.7, down -20 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$111,974 and down -0.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just over +/- 1.0%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news Super Typhoon Ragasa aims for a direct hit on southern China.But first up, we can report that the US National Activity Index as collated by the Chicago Fed, was less negative in August, extending the negative trend to five consecutive months. But the July data was revised lower.There were Fed speakers out overnight. Miran made the lone case in favour of Trump's big slash, whereas Hammack, Barkin, Williams, Musalem, and earlier Daly, all made the case for eyeing inflation risks as well as jobs risks.In Canada, their producer prices rose faster, now up +4.0% from a year ago, largely on the impacts of the US tariff-taxes where Canadian substituted other components than American ones. But beef prices are a notable riser in this latest data.The People’s Bank of China kept its key lending rates unchanged at record lows for the fourth straight month yesterday, as expected. The 1-year loan prime rate remained at 3.0%, while the 5-year benchmark stayed at 3.5%.In China, they said they will limit the steel industry's growth to 4% over the next two years to deal with their severe over-capacity problem and force companies to invest in quality rather than volume gains.And the fast growing rail land-bridge from China to Europe is closing, essentially because the Poland-Belarus border is being sealed to guard against Russian infiltration. It is hard to see Beijing being happy about that.Hong Kong authorities are bracing for “serious threats” posed by the looming Super Typhoon Ragasa, which is expected to bring hurricane-force winds with speeds of up to 220 km/h over the next few days, potentially breaking a record set during Saola in 2023. Their airport is likely to close, along with much else including their stock market. And mass evacuations have started in neighbouring Shenzhen.This is what the Hong Kong official met service warned late last night. "Under the influence of significant storm surge, there will be a rise in water level of about 2 metres over coastal areas of Hong Kong in the morning of Wednesday. The maximum water level can generally reach around 3.5 to 4 metres above chart datum, and the water level at Tolo Harbour may even reach 4 to 5 metres above chart datum. Members of the public should take appropriate precautions." A 5 metre storm surge seems pretty significant.In Europe, and despite political and tariff uncertainties, consumer sentiment 'rose' (that is, got less bad) in September, probably because both inflation and borrowing costs eased in the past month.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.14%, unchanged from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3736/oz, up +US$52 from yesterday and a new ATH. Silver had another +US$1 spurt overnight, now up over US$44/oz to a 14 year high.American oil prices are little-changed at just under US$62.50/bbl, with the international Brent price still just over US$66.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.7 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are still just under 88.9 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 49.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 65.9, uo +10 bps.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,448 and down -2.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just over +/- 1.4%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news we are likely to get a lesson this week reconfirming that equity markets all look for short-term profit hits and are now setting prices on these short-term factors. But bond markets are much more focused on risks 10-30 years ahead and their signals are diverging markedly.This coming week however will largely feature reactions to last week's big events - the US Fed positioning and rate cut, and the awful NZ Q2-2025 GDP data.Here we will be watching for more fallout from that, after the NZD got marked down sharply. Will markets assess that the June result will be repeated in Q3? After all we are now only nine days from the end of Q3 and the appearance of 'better data' has been sparse and perhaps only in the last week or so. And on Thursday we will get an update of household net worth, but it will be year-old data. Much more current will be Thursday's results announcement from Fonterra.In Australia, they will also release household net worth data, on Friday, but for March this year. They will get PMI updates as well.Globally, the focus will briefly turn to New York for what is expected to be a turbulent moment for the UN with the US already barring some leaders from attending. New York time as the home of the General Assembly may be coming to an end.But economically, there will be many PMI updates out this week. The US will release its PCE data and another Q2-GDP update. And Fed speakers will all be out giving context to last week's rate cut decision. Switzerland and Sweden will be among those reviewing their policy interest rates. And later today, China will review its Loan Prime rates, although no change is expected.China released its August year-to-date foreign direct investment data over the weekend. They said they only attracted ¥507 bln in net foreign investment in those eight months. They said they attracted ¥467 bln in the seven months to July. So that means they gained a net +¥39 bln in August alone and that is a very low +US$5.5 bln and that is only one third of the August 2024 gain. Basically foreign direct investment into China from all sources is close to dead in the water.This doesn't mean that China's economic expansion won't be good in 2025 (over +5%). But it does point out how the two big powers are isolating themselves, with cross-border investment and economic connections all retreating.A recent example is that China's new iron ore buying monopoly has moved to shut out a key Australian blend from BHP. They have other options and are using their heft to try and bring BHP and Australia into line.Separately, Japan's inflation eased to 2.7% in August from 3.1% in July, the level since October 2024. There was a notable slowing in the rise in rice prices, enabling food price inflation to ease to 'only' 7.2% in August from a year ago. Overall prices were up +0.8% in the month with food prices up just +0.3% for the month.Japan's central bank announced the results of its policy rate review late on Friday and as expected left it unchanged at 0.5% at Friday's. This came amid the political uncertainty around the resignation of Prime Minister Ishiba. They also said that it will sell its holdings of exchange-traded funds and Japan real estate investment trusts (J-REITs) to the market. Here is their decision.Germany said its producer prices fell an outsized -2.2% in August from a year ago, a deflation sign they will not welcome and extends their deflationary pressure that started in July 2023. But most of that is coming from the lower cost of imported energy with local producer prices basically unchanged.Canada said its August retail sales rose +1%, more than offsetting its July dip. But it isn't clear how much of that is inflation related. But financial markets reacted positively, seeing consumer 'resilience' in the data. (One more -25 bps rate cut is expected in Canada before the end of the year.)The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.14%, up +1 bp from Saturday to be up +7 bps from a week ago. The price of gold will start today at US$3684/oz, up +US$3 from Saturday. That is up +US$36 from a week ago. Silver had another spurt over the weekend, now up over US$43/oz, a weekly gain of +US$1.American oil prices are little-changed at just over US$62.50/bbl and back to where they were a week ago, with the international Brent price still just over US$66.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.6 USc and unchanged from Saturday although down a full -1c from a week ago. Against the Aussie we are just under 88.9 AUc. Against the euro we are still at 49.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 65.8, unchanged from Saturday but down -100 bps for the week.The bitcoin price starts today at US$115,509 and very little-changed from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 ho

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the New Zealand dollar has been re-rated sharply lower overnight, although to be fair only back to levels it was at in April. US benchmark interest rates are rising but the new weaker New Zealand economy is expected to drive the OCR lower than earlier expected.But first in the US, initial jobless claims came in lower than expected at +194,500, a decrease of 10,400 from the prior week when an increase of about that was indicated by seasonal factors. There are now 1.75 mln people on these benefits, +81,000 more than at this time last year.Meanwhile, the Conference Board Leading Economic Index (LEI) retreated in August. A retreat was expected but it came in more than twice the expected decline. That means the LEI fell by -2.8% over the six months between February and August, a faster rate of decline than its -0.9% contraction over the previous six-month period. They noted persistently weak manufacturing new order levels and consumer expectations, and warn of increased headwinds ahead.But it is not weak everywhere. The Philly Fed factory survey for September picked up a modest rise in new orders. But firms in the region remain under sharp price pressure unable to pass on the higher prices they are paying.On the farm, the giant American soybean crop is about ready for harvest, and farmers are glum. The Chinese aren't buying and the Washington isn't coming to the rescue with subsidy support. Prices are back to 2016-2018 levels and the rural concern is palpable.In Financial markets, there was a notable less well-supported US Treasury inflation protected (TIPS) bond tender today that resulted in a median yield of 1.65% plus CPI inflation, compared to 1.93% plus CPI at the prior equivalent event three months ago.There were more central bank rate reviews overnight. Taiwan kept its policy rate unchanged at 2.0%. They have an inflation target of 2.0% and their CPI is currently running at 1.6%. Norway cut theirs by -25 bps to 4.0% in what has been called a "hawkish cut". They have inflation at 3.0% with their target at 2.0%. And the Bank of England held theirs at 4% as expected. They have inflation at inflation at 3.8% when their target is 2%. South Africa held at 7%. Inflation there is 3.3% with a preferred rate of 3.0%.China announced that its Boeing and Airbus-competing C919 aircraft has now received more than 1000 orders, mostly domestic but some international orders as well.Australian labour markets stumbled somewhat in August, falling -5,400 when a small +22,000 rise was expected. And the detail is even less positive because full-time employment fell by -40,900 to 10,077,300 people while part-time employment rose by +35,500 to 4,549,200 people. None of these changes were enough to materially change their 4.2% unemployment rate.Container freight rates fell -6% last week from the prior week with all the weakness coming from outbound rates from China. But bulk freight rates rose +3.4% last week to be +14.6% higher than year ago levels.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.11%, up +4 bps from yesterday at this time in a steady rise. The price of gold will start today at US$3,643/oz, down -US$15 from yesterday's post Fed dip.American oil prices are down -US$1 at just under US$63.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just under US$67.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.8 USc and down -90 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -70 bps at 88.9 AUc. Against the euro we are down -50 bps at 49.9 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 66, down -50 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$117,553 and up +1.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been modest at just on +/- 1.2%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news financial markets are struggling to make sense of the US Fed's latest rate cut rationale, one that looks infused with new White House politics.First up this morning, the US central bank cut its policy rate by -25 bps to 4.25% as expected, despite noting that American inflation is "somewhat elevated". It is their first reduction in borrowing costs since December 2024.They said they saw economic activity moderating in the first half of the year with job gains slowing and the unemployment rate edging up. But they still called their jobless rate 'low'. At the same time they noted inflation has moved up. But their economic projections showed they expect inflation over the next year to average 3.4%, higher than the latest CPI level of 2.9%.For some reason, this rising inflation, and 'low' unemployment was the basis for cutting their policy rate. Like many core US institutions, partisan politics is now infecting the Fed. Keeping the pressures under cover, the Fed's press release was unusually short this time, likely papering over the pressures being brought to bear. It looks like the only dissenter was the recent White House injected member.Financial markets have reacted however. After being lower ahead of the decisions, the S&P500 went volatile and is back, tracking slightly lower. The bond market also went volatile, and changed its course to push yields higher. The USD fell and the dollar index (DXY) is now at its lowest level since February 2022. Gold pushed up to a new record high - and then fell back. None of these reactions show confidence in the Trump pressures on the Fed.Meanwhile, US mortgage applications jumped sharply last week, a week that included the US Labor Day holiday. Mortgage interest rates dipped -10 bps in the week and borrowers who need to refinance rushed the opportunity. But new borrowing not so much.However, American housing starts tumbled uncomfortably in August, down far more than was anticipated to be -8.5% below July levels, and -6.0% lower than year-ago levels. New house building consents came in -11.1% below year ago levels, so it is unlikely their housebuilding industry will recover any time soon.Overnight, Canada also reviewed its policy interest rate overnight and cut them too, largely as expected. That takes their key rate to 2.5%. They see a weakening in the resilience first shown by Canadian reactions to their bullying from their southern neighbour. They are watching Canadian consumers and businesses becoming more 'cautious'.In Australia later today, we will get the August labour market report where another small gain in jobs is anticipated (+22,000) and their jobless rate is expected to hold at 4.2%.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.07%, up +4 bps from yesterday at this time after some bumpy volatility.The price of gold will start today at US$3,658/oz, down -US$29 from yesterday post the Fed.American oil prices are little-changed at just under US$64.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just under US$68.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 59.7 USc and down -25 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 89.6 AUc. Against the euro we are down -5 bps at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.5, down -20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$115,997 and down -0.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been low at just under +/- 0.8%.Join us at 10:45am this morning for full coverage of the New Zealand Q2-2025 GDP result. Financial markets are expecting a -0.3% dip from Q1 and no year-on-year economic expansion.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news markets now universally expect the American central bank to cut rates tomorrow by -25 bps.But today, the overnight dairy auction brought a much better result than expected with the declines for both WMP and SMP nowhere near as sharp as indicated by the earlier derivatives pricing. That will very much ease the pressure on any farm gate payout forecasts. The detail is interesting. There was notably softer demand from China for WMP, but that was countered by stronger SE Asian demand. Cheddar cheese prices rose because of some unexpected demand from North America, But mozzarella prices dived -9.6% on weak Chinese demand. Overall prices slipped just -0.8% in USD, but there were down a sharpish -2.9% in NZD as the greenback took a tumble overnight.Meanwhile, US retail sales rose in August and by a little more than expected. They were up +5.0% after a +4.1% rise in July. But this data is not inflation-adjusted in the way that other countries report. We will have to wait for sales volume data later in the month.And US industrial production rose in August too, but only up +0.1% from the prior month and only after a -0.4% revised fall in July. Year-on-year it is up +0.9%, about average for 2025, but hardly evidence of manufacturing reshoring.Homebuilder sentiment was flat in August as reported by the NAHB survey. It is remaining at the very low levels we have seen since May, and very much lower than this time last year. They are pinning their hopes on Fed rate cut(s) delivering a changed outlook.And staying in the US, crypto giant Binance looks like its lobbying and support of Trump will see the US Justice Department drop a key oversight requirement in its US$4.3 bln settlement of allegations that it didn’t do enough to prevent money laundering. So, pay the money, get no oversight, and go back to enabling money laundering. A real Trump-type deal.Meanwhile, Canadian CPI inflation rose from 1.7% in July to 1.9% in August, a lesser rise than was anticipated. Meanwhile there was a rather sharp fall in housing starts there in August, down -16% from July to 245,791 units from a revised 293,537 in July and well below market expectations of 277,500. But they were still +10% higher than year-ago levels. A rate cut is coming in Canada tomorrow too.In China, there are some signs that Beijing's stimulus could be working. Steel output not only stopped falling, it actually picked up in the first two weeks of September, defying downbeat expectations. And iron ore prices rose too recently.In the EU, industrial production rose more than anticipated in July, although the expectations aren't high.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.03%, down -1 bp from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today at US$3,686/oz, up +US$7 from yesterday.American oil prices are up +US$1 at just over US$64.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just over US$68.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 59.9 USc and up +20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +10 bps at 89.6 AUc. Against the euro we are down -20 bps at 50.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.7, little-changed from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$116,480 and up +1.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has again been low at just under +/- 0.8%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news both the US and China are eyeing rate cuts to bolster wavering economies.While all financial market attention is on the US Fed and its Thursday rate review - and market positioning is underway relative to the expected -25 bps cut - there is other economic news being released.The New York Empire factory survey delivered a negative surprise with new order levels falling sharply when they were expected to rise. That drove their overall survey negative when an expansion was anticipated.Across the Pacific, and in an unexpected result, China's retail sales data was released and were expected to have grown faster in August by +3.8%, up from +3.7% in July. Some anticipated a +5% rise. But in the end the rise was only +3.4%, and that was an eight month low.China's August industrial production was up +5.2%, a one year low, good but less than the +5.7% in July and also less than the expected +5.8%. All this was done with only a +1.6% rise in electricity production, and -3.2% fall in the production of fossil fuels, according to these official stats.China's house prices were generally stable in August. There were a few more signs of marginally higher prices in a few more cities for new developments. But the sales prices of pre-owned housing continues its slow droop and the trend is becoming ever more embedded as pressures mount.But probably worse from China was that fixed asset investment hardly rose, up just +0.5% for the eight months from the same period a year ago. It was expected to have risen +1.4% on this ytd basis. August 2025 alone actually came in lower than August 2024, a worrying sign.It is possible that the upcoming review on China's Loan Prime Rates may be cut to bolster their wobbly economic position. These are due for official review at the weekend.In Indonesia, they launched a new US$1 bln economic stimulus package to boost economic growth as a way of stabilising widespread unease about the country's direction.Indian exports softened in August, and their imports did too and by a bit more. That meant the expected -US$30 bln trade deficit for the month was lower than in July and lower than expected.India also had good labour market news with their jobless rate falling to a record low of 5.2% when a small rise was anticipated.In Australia, their National Climate Risk Assessment was released yesterday. They are trying to prioritise and plan how they will adapt and respond. The report says that while the world is already 1.2ºC hotter than during pre-industrial times, because of its sheer land size Australia is warming faster and is 1.5ºC hotter. Australia is experiencing more intense heatwaves on land and sea, rising seas and more frequent coastal flooding. Although the usual suspects remain in denial, a surprising number are now accepting it has become an urgent issue. Insurance premiums, even availability, will be how it will affect most people in Australia.But back with the headline financial market news. Ahead of the US Fed decision, equity markets are buoyant and all-in on optimism, but bond markets are wary, the USD is wavering, and commodity prices are little changed except for precious metals.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.04%, down -2 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3,679/oz, up +US$38 from yesterday.American oil prices are up +US$1 at just under US$63.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just on US$67.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 59.7 USc and up +10 b ps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 89.5 AUc. Against the euro we are also down -10 bps at 50.7 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.7, little-changed from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$114,938 and down -0.6% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just under +/- 1%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news fighting inflation may well be a downgraded objective in the face of political pressure. The consequences could be long-lasting and global.For financial markets, this week will be all about the US Fed's Thursday rate decision where now a -25 bps cut is widely anticipated, to try and weigh against the softening US labour market. The same day the Canadians will review their policy rate too where a similar -25 bps cuts is expected.And there will be central bank reviews in Japan this week (no change), Indonesia (no change), England (no change), and Brazil this week too.China will also review its key rates and no change is expected there either. And China will release a lot of August economic data too, including FDI data.Australia will release its August labour market update and a modest +25,000 rise in employment is anticipated. Our balance of payments data will be released on Wednesday (expect a larger deficit), and Q2-2025 GDP will be released on Thursday (expect a decline). And before that we will get the August REINZ data and a full dairy auction.But back in the US, the pessimistic turn continues. The widely-watched University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey delivered downbeat results in September, sharply lower from August and well below what analysts had expected. They had expected a turn lower but not by this much. Declines were strongest among lower- and middle-income households because concerns grew over business conditions, jobs, and inflation. Both short and long term sentiment fell back. This index is more than -20% lower than year-ago levels.Meanwhile, year-ahead inflation expectations held steady at 4.8% while the five-year expectations moved up for the second straight month to 3.9% from 3.5%.Canadian building consents were unchanged in July from June but down -8.2% from a year ago. But most of this was due to non-residential work; residential consents were up, especially in Toronto.We should probably note that there are trade talks going on in Madrid between the US and China.In China, August data for new yuan loans came in well below what was expected although expectations weren't high. It was the lowest amount of bank debt for an August since 2011, extending the current period of weak credit demand amid the weakening consumer debt demand and the prolonged crisis for housing. The debt appetite dropped despite central bank efforts to loosen monetary conditions and stimulate borrowing.In India, consumer inflation rose, as expected, but only to 2.1% and ending a ten month period where it fell consistently from 6.2% to 1.6% in July. Food prices were little-changed and had no effect on the overall result.In France, Fitch has downgraded their credit rating to A+ from AA- on Friday, citing political turmoil and rising debt.We should probably note that copper prices are basically back to levels they were at five years ago, which is double what they were ten years ago. At current production levels the USGS estimates that existing mines will be able to operate for the next forty years, and proven resources will last about 200 years. (But there are expected to be much larger resources yet to be discovered.) We will look at some aspect core mineral resources weekly, going forward. (H/T PDK)The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.06%, little-changed from Saturday.The price of gold will start today at US$3,641/oz, down -US$7 from Saturday. That is up +US$48 from a week ago. Silver had another spurt, now up over US$42/oz.American oil prices are unchanged at just on US$62.50/bbl, with the international Brent price firmish just under US$67/bbl, both up +US$1 for the week.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 59.6 USc and unchanged from Saturday but up +70 bps from a week ago. Against the Aussie we are also unchanged at 89.6 AUc. Against the euro we are holding at 50.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.7, little-changed from Saturday but up +50 bps for the week.The bitcoin price starts today at US$115,666 and down -0.6% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been very low at just on +/- 0.4%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news away from the guns and hatred consuming the US at present. Our challenge is to keep it out of our society.Markets had been waiting for the American August CPI inflation data and it came in higher, although no more than expected. It rose to 2.9% in August, the highest since January, after holding at 2.7% in both June and July. Prices rose at a faster pace for food (3.2%) and energy costs rose for the first time in seven months. On a monthly basis, the CPI went up 0.4%, the most since January, above forecasts of 0.3%. Rents rose 0.4%, the largest upward pressure. On the other hand, core inflation remained steady at 3.1%, the same as in July and at February’s peak, while core CPI rose 0.3% month-on-month, matching July’s pace and market forecasts.In a stable world, this level of inflation would not bring market expectations of a Fed rate cut next week, but there are widespread expectations of one anyway. And that is because their labour market is weakening quite fast now.Initial jobless claims in the US came in sharply higher last week at +263,000 s.a. a four year high and well above the expected high 235,000. In actual terms they rose +204,500 when a solid end-of-summer-holiday seasonal decrease was expected. There are now 1,815,000 on these benefits, +110,000 more that at the same time last year.Also getting much worse much faster is the US Federal government finances. The US Budget Statement was expected to hold at a very high -US$290 bln monthly deficit, but it has blown out to -US$345 bln in August. And this is after collecting US$30 bln in tariff-taxes in the month, US$165 bln so far in the fiscal year.Whatever way you look at it, the US economy is being mismanaged on a massive scale. Too much inflation, too little job creation, too large tax avoidance by the uber-wealthy, and self-imposed tariff-taxes on themselves. And unfortunately their social programs are making things worse at a fundamental level too.New independent analysis shows that the long-held view that American demographics would remain very positive to the end of the century have suddenly turned. Now US deaths will exceed births by 2031, far faster than expected. And the deaths will rise quicker until 2055 when they will match immigration. And these estimates are before the Kennedy/Trump health mistakes which will undoubtedly speed up deaths. And the Trump heavy-handed immigration crackdowns that will likely mean the immigration assumptions are far too optimistic. If demographics are destiny, the destiny of the US looks grim and we can no longer hold the assumption that it will be a major power by 2100. That is a sharp change from the demographic outlook just a few years ago.New data out in Canada shows Canadians are wealthier with an increase of over a quarter of a trillion dollars to C$17.9 tln, the seventh consecutive quarterly increase. This wealth accumulation happened despite headwinds of global trade pressures and a weakening economy. Per capita GDP is now C$76,100 (NZ$92,100).Across the Pacific in Japan’s producer prices there rose +2.7% in the year to August, up from a marginally revised +2.5% increase in the previous month. This data doesn't really add stress or new factors for Japan. A year earlier their PPI rose at a 2.6% rate.In China, new vehicle sales recovered in August, up +10.1% after the unexpected -10.7% fall in July. Total vehicle sales are expected to grow +4.7% in 2025 to almost 33 mln units from 31.4 mln in 2024, with the NEV sector surging +24% to 16 mln units. That will keep it almost twice the size of the US vehicle market. China's car market is a global goliath. (The US vehicle market is running at 16.1% mln annual sales, a dip in August from July.)In Europe, the European Central Bank kept its three key interest rates unchanged, with the deposit facility at 2.00%, the main refinancing rate at 2.15%, and the marginal lending rate at 2.40%, all as expected. Inflation remains close to the 2% medium-term target, and the outlook is broadly unchanged from June. New staff projections see headline inflation averaging 2.1% in 2025, easing to 1.7% in 2026 before rising slightly to 1.9% in 2027.Occasionally we check in with what is happening in Turkey, an authoritarian regime that has made massive mistakes with capricious monetary policy moves, and is paying the price with tough consequences. The Central Bank of Turkey cut its benchmark interest rate overnight by a surprisingly large -250 bps to 40.5% in its September meeting, its lowest since 2023. The move follows signs of slowing underlying inflation in August, though food and services prices continue to pressure inflation. Domestic demand remains weak.In Australia, consumer inflation expectations rose to 4.7% in the September survey by the Melbourn

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news all eyes are now on tomorrow's US CPI release for August.But first, there was surprising news from the US. August producer prices rose far less than any analyst has forecast. In fact they fell -0.1% in August from July, following a downwardly revised +0.7% gain in July, driven by a sharp decline in margins for machinery and vehicle wholesaling as importers absorbed some of the tariff taxes. On an annual basis, headline producer inflation slowed to 2.6%, while core producer inflation eased to 2.8%. Analysts had expected the year-on-year change to be up +3.5%.Markets took these changes at face value, ignoring the "new management" at the agency compiling the data. It is being seen as "Fed-friendly" for a rate cut next week. Although to be fair far more will depend on tomorrow's CPI release where rates closer to 3% are anticipated.Also unusually positive was last week's data on US mortgage applications. They jumped +9.2% from the prior week to be +11.6% higher than year-ago levels. Driving the turnaround was a -15 bps plunge in benchmark mortgage rates, which fell to their lowest in nearly one year as a wave of pessimistic labour market data drove yields on long-dated Treasury securities to retreat. Applications for a loan to refinance a current mortgage, which are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, surged by +12.2% from the previous week to their highest level in one year. In turn, applications for a mortgage to purchase a new home rose by +6.6%.And there was another US Treasury 10 year bond auction earlier today and that resulted in a median yield of 3.99%, down from 4.20% at the prior equivalent event a month ago. But a feature of this latest event was the declining demand, down -8.5% which is a notable pullback.Across the Pacific, Japanese manufacturers are feeling bullish, especially about export prospects. The Reuters Tankan index rose to a very positive level in September, its highest level since April 2022. Easing trade uncertainties following the Japanese-US tariff deal that sharply eased the tariff rate is behind the shift. Sentiment improved across six of nine manufacturing industries surveyed.In China, they reported that consumer prices dropped -0.4% in August from a year ago, after being unchanged in the prior month and missing market expectations of a -0.2% decline. It was the fifth episode of consumer deflation this year and the sharpest drop since February. China has a similar period of deflation in the second half of 2023, but escaped those pressures in 2024. But they are back again. Food prices fell -1.2%, but beef prices were down -4.3% and lamb prices down -3.6% on that annual basis. Milk prices fell -1.4%.Meanwhile Chinese producer prices dropped -2.9% in the year to August, less than the -3.6% drop in July, which was the steepest decline since July 2023. Producer prices have now deflated for 35 consecutive month although the latest data is the smallest decline since April.Despite growing civil unrest and street demonstrations in Jakarta, Indonesian consumer sentiment was little-changed in August, although it is maintaining its recent low that started in May. However in a longer term perspective, it is +20% higher than it was a decade ago. (The last thing Canberra want to see is an unstable Indonesia as a neighbour.)Fitch Ratings has raised its world growth forecasts for 2025 moderately since the June Global Economic Outlook on better-than-expected incoming data for 2Q-2025. But there is now evidence of an underlying US slowdown in ‘hard’ economic data and positive surprises on eurozone growth have partly reflected US tariff front-running, they say. Fitch still expects world GDP to slow significantly this year.Global growth is now forecast to be 2.4% in 2025, up 0.2pp since June but a sizeable slowdown from 2.9% last year and below trend. China’s forecast has been raised to 4.7% from 4.2%, the Eurozone’s to 1.1% from 0.8% and the US’s to 1.6% from 1.5%. World growth for 2026 is 0.1pp higher at 2.3%.The UST 10yr yield is now over 4.03%, down -4 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at a new high at US$3,645/oz, up +US$4 from yesterday.American oil prices are up +US$1 at just over US$63.50/bbl with the international Brent price is similarly higher at just on US$67.50/bbl. American crude oil stocks jumped, and for a second week in a row, when declines were anticipated, indicating weaker demand than expected.The Kiwi dollar is now at just over 59.5 USc and up +20 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 89.8 AUc. Against the euro we are up +20 bps at 50.8 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.8, down -20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$113,721 and up +2.4% from

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that rather than understating US jobs growth - which got her fired - the stats agency reporting labour market data overstated Trump's jobs growth, and by some margin.But first up today, there was a dairy Pulse auction earlier today for both SMP and WMP, and while prices dipped as expected, they didn't dip as much as the derivatives markets had signaled. WMP was down just -0.2% from the full auction the prior week, SMP was down -0.6%. However the firming NZD resulted in about a -1.5% fall in NZD terms.In the US, small business NFIB sentiment survey for August reported stable conditions with some issues easing, some tightening.There was a US Treasury 3yr bond auction earlier today that was well supported but less well than the prior equivalent event a month ago. It resulted in a median yield of 3.45%, down sharply from the 3.61% at that prior equivalent event. The outsized shift down likely reflects bond investor risk aversion.Although it is just a statistical adjustment, updated data shows the US economy added -911,000 fewer jobs in the 12 months through March than initially reported - the largest downward revision since at least 2000. This is a -0.6% adjustment, far more that the average change of +0.2% in total nonfarm employment over the past decade. Nearly all sectors added fewer jobs than initially estimated.If the US Fed cuts rates next week to bolster their slowing economy, it will likely signal that their are changing their inflation goal from 2% to 3%, and prepared to accept stagflation over stagnation. The risk is they get both.Across the Pacific, Japanese machine tool orders were up +8.1% in August from a year ago, largely due to a +12% surge in export orders. Export orders made up almost three quarters of this industry's order book in August.And Taiwan kept up its amazing record of export growth in August. They jumped more than +34% from a year ago and outperforming market expectations of +22% growth.In Russia, their Federal Treasury reported another deep deficit in August, the second in a row and the first time ever of back-to-back deficits exceeding -1.9% of GDP.In Australia, ANZ Group's new broom CEO Nuno Matos has kicked off a change program at the four-pillar bank with plans to shed 3,500 Australian staff.The Westpac-MI consumer sentiment survey slipped on darker views about the economic outlook and less confidence about getting any more rate cuts from the RBA - because inflation is still 'too high'. Analysts had expected this survey to possibly break into net optimism in September, but it was not to be.Meanwhile the August NAB business confidence report shows it fell a minor 3 points, following four consecutive months of improving sentiment and leaves confidence also close to long run average levelsThe UST 10yr yield is now under 4.07%, up +2 bps from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today at a new high at US$3,641/oz, up +US$9 from yesterday.American oil prices are marginally firmer, at just over US$62.50/bbl with the international Brent price is +50 USc firmer at just on US$66.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just over 59.3 USc and unchanged from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps at 90 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 50.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.6, down -10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$111,080 and down -1.1% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate, also at just under +/- 1.1%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news bond markets are increasingly worried about what will transpire from the US CPI data for August later this week, and the US Fed's reaction next week.First today, American inflation expectations seem to be rising. In August they came in at 3.2%, their highest in three months. While that is higher than year ago levels too, some of the detail is a bit of a worry. Those surveyed say rents are expected to rise 6.0%, food by 5.5% and petrol by 3.9%. Also of some note is that job finding expectations have now fallen to a record low in a data series that started in June 2013. More than 14% of those surveyed say they are likely to lose their job in the year ahead. There is a palpable sense of fear and squeeze in these survey results. The fast-tightening labour market has many on edge.Meanwhile, August data for American consumer debt shows it rising, up +3.8% from a year ago with revolving debt up a sharp +9.7% on the same basis. Debt levels at credit unions seem to be leading the rises. These are all three year highs and the sudden shift likely indicates rising debt stress.The USD is falling, heading towards a three year low. Benchmark bond yields are falling and the UST 10 year is near a one year low.Across the Pacific, Chinese exports grew by +4.4% in August from a year ago, a level many others would like to have but it is lower than the expected +5% and July's +7.2% growth. And it is the softest pace of outbound shipment growth since February. Meanwhile their imports were up +1.3% in August on the same basis, less than the expected +3% and July's +4.1% rise. But that meant that their trade balance swelled to +US$102 bln in August, better than the +US$99 expected and higher than July's +US$91 bln.While China's exports and imports to the US eased back in August, they still ran a +US$24.3 bln monthly surplus with this strategic rival and that isn't declining materially. It's the largest surplus they run with anyone, although the combined nations of the EU ran a larger deficit with China at US$28.9 bln in August.In Japan, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba resigned over the weekend and new candidates are lining up to replace him. Financial markets are buoyant there on the prospect that a new leaders may chase fiscal expansion.And in France, their prime minister has lost a confidence vote.In Germany, their exports came in slightly weaker than expected in August when a rise was anticipated. But it was still a good gain on a year ago, and helped them maintain a healthy trade surplus. Meanwhile German industrial production came in much better in July than expected, bouncing back from a weak June.The UST 10yr yield is now under 4.05%, down -4 bps from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today surging to a new high at US$3,633/oz, up +US$47 from yesterday.American oil prices are a bit firmer, up less than +50 USc at just under US$62.50/bbl with the international Brent price also firmer just on US$66/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at just over 59.3 USc and up +40 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +20 bps at 91.1 AUc. Against the euro we are also up +20 bps at 50.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 66.7, up +30 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,282 and up 1.1% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just under +/- 1.0%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news American right-wing swamp populism is driving the world's economy into a blind alley. Other countries are trying to figure out how to separate themselves from that.In the week ahead, financial markets will be assessing the risks of stagflation after the weaker labour market report in the US, and the growing expectation that inflation's new rise will pick up steam. In the US we will get August CPI and PPI data at the end of the week and their core CPI rate could well rise from its July 3.1% rate. That data will be put in context with the next University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey update.Inflation data from both China and India is also due, but little upward pressure is expected to be seen from either of them. In China, new initiatives on support measures to keep their economy from stuttering are expected this week largely to fend of deflationary pressures.The ECB will be reviewing its policy rates this week, but no change is expected. Inflation is no threat there, giving them options.Over the weekend we got a keenly anticipated American update on their labour market. It turned out that analysts were right to think the low forecast of a +75,000 rise in US non-farm jobs was optimistic. In fact they came in at +22,000 for August. June data was revised down by -27,000 and the change for July was revised up by +6,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 21K lower than previously reported. Trump's firing of the agency that reports this data isn't changing the sharp trend lower. Trump now has to own this trend.In fact, the total jobs added in May, June, July and August in 2025 is about the same as was added in August 2024 alone. For them its a concerning trajectory but it can all be traced to junk public policy.Worse, the data shows that manufacturing jobs fell -12,000 in August with clearly no sign of factory jobs reshoring.If we look at the unadjusted data for civilian employment - which accounts for more than just those on employer payrolls, the July to August change was a -511,000 reduction. It's a time when the self-employed are really struggling.All this downbeat data is reflected in the financial markets on Friday. Wall Street was down -0.3%, bond yields fell sharply again, and the USD weakened. The pall spread to Europe too where they are digesting the latest US strategic insult.The chance of a rate cut by the Fed has now become a certainty in financial market pricing as the central bank is scrambling to contain the growing fiscal mess which looks like it is going to be much larger than feared, and much sooner. A full -25 bps rate cut is priced in for the mid-September meeting, and another before the end of the year. Trump will get his rate cuts because of his actions to tank the US economy. But there are voting members who still insist that inflation should be contained before they cut. The next US CPI data is due in a week and the current +2.7% inflation rate is widely expected to rise to 2.9% and a core rate back over 3.0% which emphasises the risks stagflation’s effects are hurting the world's largest economy.It was no better in Canada where payroll employment fell -65,500 in August from July largely due to a sharp fall in part-time employment (-59,700). The trade shock with the US is getting the blame here too.In Canada they watch the Ivey PMI closely and that shifted from a modest expansion in July to none in August. But at least it wasn't contracting. Consistent with their official jobs data, the employment sub-component of this PMI was contracting.A -25 bps rate cut there is also priced in before the end of 2025. Canadian August inflation is expected to come in little-changed at 1.7% on September 16, 2025.The Canadian government is taking an activist approach to protecting their economy with a major support announcement on Friday.Data out across the Pacific was far more encouraging. Singapore said its retail activity expanded far more than expected in July, and is now up +4.1% from June, up +4.8% from a year ago. It has been on a rising trend for almost all of 2025.And China said its fx reserves rose to US$3.32 tln in August, its highest since late 2015. And it purchased a bit more gold in the month, helped by the rise in the gold price of course, which adds another US$2.5 tln to to reserves which now total US$3.64 tln.In Australia, extended June quarter labour market data showed that the number of total jobs there increased +0.3% to 16.3 million. Filled jobs rose +0.2% to 16.0 million where secondary jobs decreased -1.2% to 1.0 million and multiple job-holders decreased -1.3% to 948,900. Hours worked increased +0.3% to 6.0 billion hours in the quarterThe FAO global food price monitoring shows that in August overall prices were stable and ju

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news financial markets can now taste a US Fed rate cut.Today, all eye are on tomorrow's August non-farm payrolls report for the US. Analysts expect them to rise a minor +75,000 but overnight labour market data suggests that may be optimistic.First, US initial jobless claims rose last week to 197,000 when seasonal factors suggested it should have fallen. There are now more than 1.89 mln people on these benefits, +90,000 more than at the same time last year.Announced August job cuts came in at 86,000 in August, +40% more than in July. So far this year, companies have announced 892,000 job cuts, the highest year-to-date level since 2020 when 1,963,500 were announced. It is up +66% from the same period last year and is now +17% higher in 2025's eight months than all of the 2024 full calendar year total (of 761,500).Maintaining the weakening theme, the ADP Employment Report only reported a jobs gain of +54,000 in August, below the expected low +65,000 and well below July's +106,000. In August 2024 this data showed a +180,000 rise.US labour productivity is improving however, with faster rises in output while labour hours only show a modest increase. Year on year this productivity measure is up +1.1%.And there was better PMI data out for the US services sector with the widely-watched ISM version expanding slightly more than expected, while the S&P Global/Markit version expanded better even if it was adjusted lower than its earlier 'flash' version. Encouragingly, in both versions new order flows kept these metrics positive and they are at similar levels as a year ago.US exports were little-changed in July from a year ago, as were the level of imports. That resulted in a goods & services trade deficit almost identical to a year ago. Still, it is now at a four month high. Tariffs have yet to move the trade needle either way (other than collect much more tax from importers).Financial market reactions to this generally downbeat economic news - was upbeat, on the basis that it makes a Fed rate cut on September 18 (our time) more likely. Equities rose modestly, but bond yields fell quite hard.Meanwhile Canada also said its exports, imports and trade balance was little-different in July from June, although quite a bit worse than year-ago levels. But the deficit is still quite small (-C$4.9 bln) in relation to the Canadian economy, and their smallest deficit in four months.In China, they are rolling out a new policy to try and juice up consumption - State-subsidised personal loans. Like the rest of the world, but more so in China, "moire debt" is the answer to all economic problems.With headline inflation at just 1.4%, the Malaysian central bank kept its policy rate unchanged overnight at 2.75%.EU retail sales slipped in July from June, but remain +2.2% higher than year-ago levels. They report on a volume basis, so these gains are 'real'.In Australia, household spending is strong and rising. It was up +5.1% in July from the same month a year ago, up +0.5% in July from June which is an even faster rate. That's the third month in a row it has risen and it has risen in nine of the past ten months. In July, this spending was concentrated on services, especially health services, hotel accommodation, air travel, and dining out. But they actually cut back on spending on goods.Meanwhile, the Australian trade balance turned up after a series of declines. Markets expected a +AU$5 bln surplus in July after a +AU$5.4 bln surplus they got in June. But in fact the surplus came in as +AU$7.4 bln in July, helped by a +3.3% monthly rise in exports and a -1.3% monthly fall in imports. That means the surplus hit a 21 month high.Global container freight rates were virtually unchanged last week from the prior week, although still down massively from the Red Sea crisi affected year ago levels. Interestingly, outbound rates from China to the US rose a sharpish +8% or more last week, but that was balanced by large falls in the China-to-Europe trade. Bulk cargo rates are still in a narrow band, little-changed from last week.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.17%, down another -5 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3,543/oz, down -US$30 from yesterday.American oil prices are little-changed at just over US$63.50/bbl with the international Brent price -50 USc softer just on US$67/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.4 USc and down -40 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps 89.6 AUc. Against the euro we are also down -20 bps at 50.2 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.1, down -20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$109,830 and down -2.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.4

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the world's largest economy is being hit today with a string of pessimistic data reports, despite one of the tech giants avoiding a breakup which saw its shares surge to a record high.American job openings fell by 176,000 to 7.18 mln in July and that was the lowest level since September 2024 and well below market expectations of 7.4 mln. Interestingly, there was wide regional variation with openings dropping most in the South, down -161,000, while they rose in the West, up by +113,000 openings.So it won't be a surprise to learn that mortgage applications fell again last week, the third consecutive weekly retreat. This happened even though mortgage interest rates were little-changed.And it also won't be too much of a surprise to learn that US factory orders declined also in July from June, down an outsized -1.3% - and the June data was revised lower to be down -4.3%. New durable goods orders were down -2.8% in July. These won't be welcome trends, especially as tariffs were supposed to bolster US manufacturing. Year-on-year the July levels are up +1.8% and well below what can be accounted for by inflation. But it will be the recent sharper trends lower that are most concerning.So the Fed's August Beige Book note of "flat to declining consumer spending because, for many households, wages were failing to keep up with rising prices. Contacts frequently cited economic uncertainty and tariffs as negative factors." will come as no surprise.In China, all the news is about its massive military parade in Tiananmen Square. This one follows similar shows of force that started in Pyongyang on April 15, followed in Tehran on April 20, then Moscow on May 9, and Washington DC on June 14. All organised by authoritarians. It's a militarisation trend that is very retrograde. And they are massive propaganda exercises, so it is disappointing that some of our politicians want to be seen at them. But like many others, they follow the money and incentives.Staying in China, the RatingDog (ex-Caixin) services PMI for August expanded faster than July and to a good level, better than expected and the fastest expansion in their services sector since May 2024. New orders grew at the strongest pace since May 2024, supported by a stronger rise in new export business, which increased at the fastest rate in six months. Like yesterday's RatingDog factory PMI, this survey as also better than the official services PMI.And South Korean officials now say they want to join the CPTPP, as insurance against US tariff moves against them. The path won't be easy for them, mainly because they have built up insulations and protections against Japanese investment making inroads into their economy.In Europe, producer prices were only up a modest +0.4% in July from a year ago, confirming they seem to have a good lid on inflation there. But the more recent indications are rises that are slightly above that (at a rate of +0.6%). At least the Europeans don't have the pressure of self-imposed tariff-taxes. Their cost competitive position vs the US is improving sharply.Australian economic activity grew +0.6% in Q2-2025, accelerating from an upwardly revised +0.3% in Q1 and better than analyst expectations of +0.5%. Year on year Australian GDP was up +1.8%, above forecasts of +1.6% and the fastest pace since Q3 2023.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.22%, down -6 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3,573/oz, up +US$47 from yesterday and surging to yet another new record high. Silver has moved higher too and now over US$41/oz.American oil prices are -US$2 lower at just over US$63.50/bbl with the international Brent price holding just under US$67.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.8 USc and up +10 bps from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps 89.8 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.3, unchanged from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,443 and up +1.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been low at just on +/- 0.9%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that US financial markets are back from holiday and concluding that the tech sector is over-valued and that US public policy is heading into a blind alley. The bond market sentiment we noted in the past month has now spread into the equity markets.And you can see the rising risk aversion in the gold price, driving it sharply higher today into new territory.At the overnight dairy auction, prices slumped more than -4.3% in US dollar terms. The situation was 'saved' somewhat by the sharpish recent fall in the NZD, so in local currency terms it was 'only' down -3.5%. Both the milk powders retreated sharply, with SMP down -5.8% and WMP down -5.3%. Most other milk fat commodities fell too with the notable exception of cheddar cheese which was up +3.6%.Although its only one event, the dominant WMP price is now back to early 2025 levels, and with a bit of a thud. Analysts will be keeping an eye on this, unlikely to shift their farmgate price forecasts but wouldn't want these lower levels to repeat. But good global supply levels won't help future prices especially if demand turns soft and it seems to be doing in some key markets.In the US, the widely-watched ISM factory PMI was still contracting at a concerning rate in August. And that was despite a small rise in new orders. Both measures were lower than expected. The alternate S&P Global/Markit PMI told a different story however, rising on more production and inventory building. But it was the ISM one that markets took more notice of.US logistics LMI was little-changed. But the elements like inventory levels and inventory costs are rising at an increasing rate, and these are not good portends.And the RCM/TIPP consumer sentiment index was quite downbeat as well. In fact it fell when a rise was anticipated.In Canada, their factory PMI rose from the deepish contraction it has been in for most of 2025, but it is still not expanding. It too was based on rising production, but no rise in new orders.In Europe, they said their August inflation was running at 2.1%, up marginally from +2.0% in July. Interestingly, energy costs are still retreating but the impact on the overall price level is now much less with food and services prices rising at a much lesser rate now.A new global report is highlighting that electricity demand is on course to rise by +3.3% in 2025 and +3.7% in 2026, more than twice as fast as total energy demand growth over the same period. According to the report, renewables are expected to overtake coal as the world’s largest source of electricity generation as early as 2025 or by 2026 at the latest, depending on weather and fuel price trends. At the same time, nuclear power output is expected to reach record highs. The steady increase in natural gas-fired power generation is set to continue displacing coal and oil in the power sector in many regions.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.28%, up +3 bps from yesterday at this time. The key 2-10 yield curve is up at +63 bps. The last time it was this steep was in February 2022. Long dated yields are on the move higher. The UST 30 year yield is actually closing in on 2007 levels and almost at 5%.The price of gold will start today at US$3,526/oz, up +US$50 from yesterday and surging to a new record high. Silver has moved higher too but not as aggressively.American oil prices are +US$1 firmer at just over US$65.50/bbl with the international Brent price holding just over US$69/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just under 58.7 USc and down -30 bps from yesterday and its lowest level since mid-April. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps 89.9 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.3, down -10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$110,892 and up +1.8% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.8%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that while financial markets are quiet due to the US Labor Day holiday, the data being reported in the rest of the world is actually very encouraging, especially for the factory sectors.In China, the private Caixin PMI has a new sponsor - RatingDog. It is still produced by S&P Global. That August factory PMI showed manufacturing output returned to growth in August. Total new business expanded at quickest pace since March. But it also reported the fastest rise in average input prices in nine months. As has become the norm in 2025, this private PMI series is more bullish than the official PMI.While we are noting improved factory PMIs in Australia and China, we should also note that they improved in Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Indonesia as well. The Trump tariff-taxes aren't killing these countries. In fact, because it is the American importers who are paying these taxes (and ultimately the American consumer), the whole tariff journey just shows the American's are prepared to pay a lot more for what they import, and demand isn't flagging. Yet, anyway.Of special note is the regaining of momentum in India where their factory PMI turned notably higher on new orders and new-found momentum. This is now their fastest improvement in operating conditions in seventeen and a half years, with production growth accelerating to a nearly five-year high, supported by strong demand and better alignment of supply with orders. New orders rose at the fastest pace in nearly five years, and given they have been strong in the lead-up, this is really saying something.Even European factories are on the move up, returning to expansion with the sharpest rise in factory output since March 2022. Their factory PMI is now at its highest in 41 months.Australia’s factory sector expansion accelerated again in August. Higher new order levels, supported by a rise in exports, led to a solid rise in production. Confidence rose to its highest level since February 2022. The survey showed that manufacturers hired more staff and raised their purchasing and inventory levels. Meanwhile price pressures remained little problem.And staying in Australia, their residential building consents fell -8.2% in July from June, almost double the market expectations of a -4.8% fall. This sharply ate into the upwardly revised +12.2% increase in June. The decline was largely due to a sharp fall in approvals for dwellings that weren't houses (apartments and townhouses). By state, approvals fell sharpest in New South Wales (-25%), while rising in Tasmania (+12%), Western Australia (+12%), in Queensland (+5.9%).Lower new homebuilding is juicing up their existing-home real estate markets. Cotality reported strong August gains from July, up +0.7% for the month nationally. It's back as a strong sellers market. The rises in Brisbane and Perth are notable, but the gains in Adelaide and Sydney were not far behind them in August. The consequences for affordability for most aspiring buyers look awful.We should probably also note that the forecast for Australia's wheat crop was raised sharply in an overnight update. Good rains recently is behind the revision.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.25%, up +2 bps from yesterday at this time. The key 2-10 yield curve is up at +62 bps. The last time it was this steep was in February 2022. Long dated yields are on the move higher. The UST 30 year yield is actually closing in on 2007 levels. The price of gold will start today at US$3,477/oz, up +US$30 from yesterday and a new record high. Silver topped US$40/oz for the first time since 2011, also near a record high.American oil prices are +50 USc firmer at just over US$64.50/bbl with the international Brent price holding just over US$68/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 59 USc and unchanged from yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -10 bps 90 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps as well at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just over 66.4, down -10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$108,918 and little-changed (down -0.1%) from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just under +/- 1.2%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news there was an unexpected turn in the US tariff situation late last week.In a dramatic ruling, most of Trump’s global tariffs were declared illegal by a US appeals court that found he exceeded his authority in imposing them. He will almost certainly appeal to his Supreme Court.Then, over the weekend we got the official Chinese PMIs for August and they extended the sluggish environment their manufacturing sector finds itself in. Despite the 90 'extension' before punitive tariffs kick in with the US, orders contracted for a fifth consecutive month. On the services side however, they maintained their small expansion in August, albeit marginally better.But early data suggests their housing slump is not ending, maybe even getting worse. Sale volumes in August are likely to be more than -17% lower than a year ago.Although it is a shortened week in the US, it ends with the August jobs data. Markets expect another weak result (just +78,000). You will recall the weak data last month saw Trump fire the agency head who compiled it. So there will be special attention this time on its believability under the BLS agency's deputy. Before that we will get lead-up jobs data, the ISM PMIs for the US.Canada will also release labour market data. The EU inflation data, and others will release GDP data for Q2-2025, including from Australia on Wednesday.At the end of last week, July data out in the US shows that disposable personal income was up +2.0% from a year ago, personal consumption expenditure was up +2.1% on the same basis. On a month-on-month basis, the income was up +0.4% and expenditure up +0.5%. These elements are not major but they do indicate a tightening in household financial budgets.Nested deep within this release was that core PCE index rose 2.9% year-on-year in July, its largest rise since February and above the Fed’s target and comfort zone. Tariff costs are getting the blame. Financial markets noticed.And that is the same sort of tightening indicated by the widely-watched University of Michigan sentiment survey. Its final August version fell back markedly from its initial readings, a clear indication households are finding it tougher. It is now -14% lower than a year ago. The Biden boom is now just a memory.On the factory floor, the latest indicators are shifting down too. The August Chicago PMI headed south quite sharply to be -10% below year-ago levels.And the US seems to be losing the tariff war it started - and Americans are paying the tariff-taxes. The latest trade data for July shows that the US merchandise trade deficit jumped to -US$104 billion in the month, exactly the same as July a year ago, and far above expectations of -US$90 bln deficit. It is their largest in four months. Imports jumped +7.1% from a month earlier, led by industrial supplies, capital goods, food, and consumer goods. Meanwhile, exports slipped -0.1%.Certainly, American farmers are not happy. And they have a President who probably doesn't even know where Pakistan is, let alone most other simple facts.In Canada, they got a sharp dose of shock in their Q2-2025 GDP result from the sharp turn on them from their southern neighbour. Their GDP fell -0.4% in the quarter and cancelling out the +0.5% gain in their first quarter. Year-on-year their GDP is still up +0.9% however.Across the Pacific the economic data is generally much more positive. South Korea’s retail sales surged +2.5% in July from June, a big jump from a revised +0.7% increase in June and marking the fastest growth in over two years. From a year ago it is up +2.4% and that too is the most since January 2022.South Korean industrial production grew solidly in July as well, up +5.0% from a year ago.After a good gain in June, Japan’s industrial production fell -1.6% in July, reversing a +2.1% June gain and much more than the -1.0% decline anticipated.Japanese retail sales only rose by +0.3% in July from a year ago, slowing sharply from a downwardly revised +1.9% gain in June and falling well short of market expectations for a +1.8% increase.But Japanese consumer confidence actually rose in August to its best level of the year with gains across all surveyed questions.We should also note that protests in Jakarta on Friday that turned deadly have put Indonesia on edge. They have spread over the weekend. Canberra will be watching nervously.In Europe, the ECB's survey found that consumer inflation expectations were stable ("well anchored") in July at 2.6% for the year ahead.Globally, air passenger demand was up +4.0% in July, driven by the Asia/Pacific +5.7% rise and held back by the North American +1.9% rise. Most of this is due to international travel. Meanwhile, air cargo traffic was even stronger in July, up +5.5% from a year ago, up +6.0% for international t

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news markets have brushed off the Nvidia result and chosen to extend their risk appetite. The S&P500 is at another new record high. But bond markets aren't so sure this is justified.In the real world, US initial jobless claims were little-changed last week from the prior week, both in actual terms and from what seasonal factors would have suggested. There are now 1,945,000 people on these benefits, +101,500 more than at the same time last year.The American GDP Q2-2025 GDP was revised slightly higher in its second estimate than the first mainly due to a slightly smaller decline in investment.Pending home sales fell -0.4% in July from June, extending the -0.8% drop in the prior month to mark the first back-to-back contraction since January. They were down -0.7% from a year ago as the American housing market seems in a long-term slow decline having never really recovering from the pandemic period.The Kansas City Fed factory survey was stable overall but that was despite a fall in export orders and elevated cost pressures. survey. There was a modest rise in August from July, but most metrics are still lower than a year ago.Earlier today there was a much less supported US Treasury seven year bond auction (-11% less bid value) but the median yield fell to 3.87% from 4.06% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.In Canada they reported that average weekly earnings were up +3.7% to C$1,302 in June, following a +3.3% increase in May.In India, industrial production rose in July and the pace picked up by more than expected. The expansion was +3.5% when +2.1% was anticipated, and more than double the pace of June's +1.5%.In Europe, despite their inflation pressures being modest and on target, settling it at 2.0%, the overnight release of the ECB minutes revealed a split among policy makers on how to assess future risk. They left their policy rate unchanged despite some thinking rates need to go lower to support growth and counter US tariffs, while others thinking the risk of future inflation is rising. Despite that split review, in the end the decision to hold rates unchanged was unanimous.Global container shipping freight rates fell -6% last week from the week before to be -60% lower than year-ago levels, although that year-ago base reflected unusual stress in the Red Sea shipping lanes. Once again, the recent falls are all to do with outbound trade from China. Interestingly, Chinese shippers are now targeting Australia and New Zealand, along with the Middle East because of the higher rates they can get in these alternative trades. Bulk cargo rates are little changed week-on-week but are up nearly +20% from a year ago.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.21%, down -3 bps from yesterday at this time.The price of gold will start today at US$3,415/oz, up +US$20 from yesterday.American oil prices are little-changed at US$64/bbl with the international Brent price is still just under US$68/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.9 USc and up +30 bps from yesterday at this time. Against the Aussie we are up +10 bps at 90.1 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 66.4, and up a net +10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,596 and up +0.2% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just under +/- 1.1%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news we need to brace for an end to the US Fed's independence. It may not be at risk right now, but the signs aren't promising. And politicians everywhere will seize on the mood to pull that level, to ease their own policies that don't deliver. The juice of monetary stimulus is just too enticing, the risks be damned.First in the US, investors are expecting Nvidia’s earnings to be reported after the NYSE closing at 8am NZT, seen as a key test for the AI boom driving markets. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq are marginally higher in advance of that, while Nvidia shares are little-changed. But the derivatives market in the stock is set for a -6% swing and if that happens, that will be a -NZ$500 bln fall - probably the biggest movement of any economic metric today anywhere in the world. We will know soon enough.Some think we should also watch the share price in Costco and Walmart. They both have lofty valuations that raise the risk of serious correction. These three are all enormous companies - Nvidia has a market cap of an eye-watering US$4.4 tln, Costco US$420 bln, and Walmart is US$770 bln. In each case that is way more than New Zealand's GDP. Walmart plus Costco is approaching Australia's GDP.Staying in the US there was little data out overnight. The volume of mortgage applications softened by -0.5% last week from the previous week, extending the -1.4% trim from the prior month. Applications to refinance an existing mortgage fell by -3.5% offsetting the +2.2% increase in applications for a mortgage to buy a new home.Separately, American officials are decrying the intelligence efforts by the Chinese Ministry of State Security and their 'Salt Typhoon' operation. But they have been caught running covert operations in Greenland. The Dames are unimpressed. Trump's America is no-one's friend. Even at home, his militarisation of local policing, grabbing shares in companies without paying, are worrying developments. His efforts to subvert the Fed are just part of an effective quiet rolling coup with a much broader agenda. These are stand-over tactics that will undermine the US reputation for generations.In Taiwan, their industry may be going at full tilt, but consumer sentiment is actually weakening. An August survey there shows it at its weakest level since April 2023, as five of six key indicators deteriorated.Chinese industrial profits fell again in July, down -1.7% from a year ago in July. They fell -7.5% for SOE's but were up +1.8% for private businesses.Yesterday, there was a big surprise in data released today in Australia on inflation. Their monthly indicator had fallen consistently to 1.9% in June. The RBA was relieved. But the July level came in at 2.8%, an unexpectedly large jump. There will be head-scratching. Higher electricity prices (+13.1%) are getting the blame.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.24%, down -1 bp from yesterday at this time. Long bond yields, especially the 30 year, are rising more quickly now. The price of gold will start today at US$3,395/oz, up +US$14 from yesterday.American oil prices have risen +50 USc to US$64/bbl with the international Brent price now just under US$68/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.6 USc and little-changed from yesterday at this time. Against the Aussie we are down -30 bps at 90.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 50.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 66.3, and little-changed from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,400 and up +2.4% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at just on +/- 1.2%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news of mixed and confusing economic signals from the world's largest economy where scoring own-goals is becoming an embedded feature of their economic management.But first, there was an overnight Pulse dairy auction for both SMP and WMP and that delivered lower prices with the SMP price dropping -2.0% from the prior week's full dairy auction, and the WMP price down -1.1%In the US, financial markets are quite hesitant because Trump is attempting to fire a non-loyal Fed governor for made-up 'integrity' reasons (pot-kettle-black). Because she in Black, and a woman, Trump's vengeance is particularly pointed.in this case and contrasts starkly with how he treats Powell (which is also personal and isn't good either.) She hasn't been charged with anything let alone convicted, and legal action over the Presidential 'letter' will now follow. She is resisting the bullying. The USD slipped and long dated UST bonds posted losses as market unease spread.Overnight releases of American economic data was quite mixed. First, durable goods orders fell in July from June, down -2.8% and on top of the -9.4% fall in the June result. That takes the year-on-year July result to just a +3.5% rise, about what current inflation can account for. Non-defense, non-aircraft capital goods orders rose a little more than that, up +4.5% from a year ago, so that was positive. But they fell -8.0% in July from June.The Richmond Fed factory survey in the mid-Atlantic states remained negative in August, although not as much as the outsized July retreat. Factories in this region have been doing it tough since March 2025. Cost inflation is hitting them hard as a result of having to pay the tariff taxes. The average growth rate of prices paid increased notably, while growth in prices received was nearly unchanged in August.Yesterday we noted the negative Dallas Fed factory survey for Texas. Today the services survey for the same region was released and it reported a better expansion. But they reported the improvement as 'slight'.There was also only a slight change in consumer sentiment reported by the Conference Board for August. Rising worries about jobs and income were offset by more optimistic views of current and future business conditions, they said. Overall, consumer confidence dipped slightly in August but remained at a level similar to those of the past three months. Tariff-taxes are a key reason there is no improvement in this survey. Consumers’ average 12-month inflation expectations picked up after three consecutive months of easing and reached 6.2% in August, up from 5.7% in July.Once rare seven-year car loans are fast becoming the norm in the US. They’re often the only way buyers can afford new vehicles, with the average vehicle sale prices surging +28% in five years to approach NZ$85,000. And tariffs will make than much worse. Bloomberg is reporting that in Q2-2025, seven-year vehicle loans represented 21% of all new-vehicle financing. Six-year loans, at one time considered the upper end of the range, are now the most common, accounting for 36%. Some buyers are even now going for eight-year loans.There was a large and well supported two year US Treasury bond auction overnight, resulting in a median yield of 3.60%, down from 3.87% at the prior equivalent event a month ago.North of the border, Canada released some business activity data for July, and both metrics rose and by more than expected. Their wholesale trade was up +1.3% from +0.7% in June, driven by stronger vehicle sales. They manufacturing sales rose +1.8% in July, an improvement from +0.3% in June. Transportation equipment, and the energy sector, provided the key boosts.Across the Pacific in South Korea, you may recall the huge jump in consumer sentiment in July after the peaceful resolution of the attempted executive coup there earlier in the year. The rule of law won. In August, that confidence level dropped sharply as things returned to normal. But to be fair is is still far higher than at any time in the past ten years - despite their ugly treatment by the Trump Administration.In Australia, Australia Post has temporarily partially suspended postal services to the US. All such deliveries now require full customs duties and declarations making the trade impractical for small value items and substantial jeopardy for the shipper. The disruption to such courier services is spreading to most Asian countries now.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.25%, down -3 bps from yesterday at this time. The price of gold will start today at US$3,381/oz, up +US$10 from yesterday.American oil prices have fallen -US$1.50 to US$63.50/bbl with the international Brent price now just under US$67.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.6 USc and little-changed from yesterday at this

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that while much of the northern hemisphere is enjoying the last of their summer holidays, Chinese investors have returned in a bullish mood, and in contrast to the now-jaded US equity markets.But first in the US, consumer credit bureau VantageScore is reporting that consumers with the best credit scores (superprime) are showing meaningful signs of credit stress. Among this group late payments have more than doubled in a year. For the group below that ('prime') this metric of delinquency rose almost +50%. (VantageScore is a partnership of Equifax, Experian and TransUnion, and competes with the dominant FICO.)Meanwhile, the widely followed Chicago Fed National Activity Index retreated. This tracking suggested overall American economic growth decreased in July.The Dalla Fed said that in its region factory activity is still expanding but at a slower pace. Although new orders rose (and for the first time in 2025), production activity eased back noticeably. Price and wage pressures rose faster.New house sales in the US stayed at an essentially unchanged pace in July, although marginally softer than in June. Prices dipped, likely because they have a continuing glut of new homes for sale, exceeding nine months’ worth at the current sales rate.The latest estimate from the Atlanta Fed's GDPNow live tracking is due tomorrow and is likely to reflect the overall slowdown reported in these other indicators.Across the Pacific, Singapore said it basically doesn't have any inflation. Its July survey came in even lower than was anticipated - even food inflation there is very low.Yesterday, we noticed that the Chinese central bank set its Yuan exchange rate with an outsized shift, now at 7.116 to the USD, a 160 bps strengthening from the prior fix. That makes it its strongest against the greenback since October 2024. It is unclear why this happened because the US dollar index was little-changed in this period. Maybe some of this is related to the recent equities euphoria in the Shanghai stock market - its starting to show the frothy signs that Hong Kong has long displayed.The UST 10yr yield is now at 4.28%, up +2 bps from yesterday at this time. Wall Street has started its week hesitantly, with the S&P500 down -0.3% in Monday trade. Overnight, European markets opened their week mixed with London up +0.1% but Paris down -1.6%. Yesterday Tokyo started its week up +0.4%. Hong King rose a strong +1.9% and Shanghai mirrored that, up +1.5%. Singapore was up a minor +0.1%. That was matched by the ASX200. The NZX50 rose +0.3% in its Monday trade.The price of gold will start today at US$3,371/oz, little-changed (+US$1) from yesterday.American oil prices have risen +US$1 to US$65/bbl with the international Brent price now just under US$69/bbl. And we should also note that China has imported no natural gas from the US since March and no crude oil since June. But the US keeps importing from China, despite the border tariff taxes, which the US importers seem to be paying.The Kiwi dollar is at just on 58.6 USc and down -10 bps from yesterday at this time. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 90.2 AUc. Against the euro we are up +20 bps at 50.3 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just under 66.3, little-changed from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$112,427 and down -1.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest also at just on +/- 1.7%.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.