Don't Panic Geocast

British Geological Survey Hackathon SciPy 2016 A few SciPy talks Modeling Rate and State Friction with Python | SciPy 2016 | John Leeman Working towards all the Geophysics, but Backwards | SciPy 2016 | Rowan Cockett Using Open Source Tools to Refactor Geoscience Education | SciPy 2016 | Lindsey Heagy MONTE Python for Deep Space Navigation | SciPy 2016 | Jonathon Smith Reproducible, One Button Workflows with the Jupyter Notebook & Scons | SciPy 2016 | Jessica Hamrick Feedback Nature Podcast Episode Contest Write us a geoscience themed limerick! This is a family show, so remember…nothing that rhymes with “Nantucket.” Please email us your limericks by August 12, 2016 and we’ll be judging them along with Dr. Katie Schearer, an english professor. The prize? One of the awesome creations from Chris at Taylor Custom. Thanks for listening everyone and thank you Chris! Fun Paper Friday Interference puts satellite data at risk Contact us Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week a massive landslide took place in Alaska. Join us to discuss it, Jupiter’s wife, and electric eels on a geo-news episode! July 7, 2016 Oklahoma Heat Bursts AGU Landslide Blog Article Gizmodo Article on the landslide Phys.org Article Landslide Dynamics Juno reaches Jupiter Fun Paper Friday Electric eels are creepy, but did you know that they can jump out of the water to better shock intruders? Neither did eel scientists! Catania, Kenneth C. “Leaping eels electrify threats, supporting Humboldt’s account of a battle with horses.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016): 201604009. Eel experiment videos Eeliad Project Summary Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

What’s your favorite formation? It’s like asking a geologist what their favorite book is. Find out what Shannon has to say about the Fountain formation and then we connect it to metal music. Book Club! Fountain Formation Red Rocks Amphitheatre Flatirons Ancestral Rocky Mountains John McPhee Fun Paper Friday What are the risks of headbanging to music? Would you believe there is a paper about it? Patton, Declan, and Andrew McIntosh. “Head and neck injury risks in heavy metal: head bangers stuck between rock and a hard bass.” (2008): a2825. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about how academic papers get published and all the strange things they go through before you read them. Shannon also found us a fascinating fun paper about trees sleeping. Feedback Video of SF before and after the earthquake Publishing Open Access Publishing Episode 25 – “Scientists studying scientists” with Dr. Elizabeth Seiver Fun Paper Friday Do trees sleep? The answer may surprise you. And LASERS! Live Science Article Puttonen, Eetu, et al. “Quantification of overnight movement of birch (Betula pendula) branches and foliage with short interval terrestrial laser scanning.” Frontiers in plant science 7 (2016). Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about how one very famous aerial photograph was taken and how it relates to one of the most devastating earthquakes of the last century. Feedback An Introduction to the Use of Generalized Coordinates in Mechanics and Physics by William Elwood Byerly Berg Wind (Wikipedia) Berg Wind (AMS) The most famous kite based photograph 1906 Earthquake (USGS) George R. Lawrence Alton Limited locomotive Interactive and zoomable photo Scott Haefner SF 100 Years Later Scott Haefner Photography How the photo was taken How the camera position was determined Fun Paper Friday Zink, Katherine D., and Daniel E. Lieberman. “Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans.” Nature(2016). Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Shannon has been feeling the effects of topography, temperature, and field weather conditions. This week we link geology and meteorology talking about Orographic lift and other made up words. Alvin Orographic Lift Anabatic wind Stoss Adiabatic Processes Atmospheric Lapse Rates Foehn Wind Katabatic Wind Chinook winds in Oklahoma Lenticular clouds Chinook Arch Rain Shadow Fun Paper Friday Swearing could make it hurt less, unless you’re a sailor… Stephens, Richard, and Claudia Umland. “Swearing as a response to pain—Effect of daily swearing frequency.” The Journal of Pain 12.12 (2011): 1274–1281. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we kick off summer shorts with our 2016 summer manifestos and talk about a relieving #FunPaperFriday. Shannon’s Manifesto Work (again) on my first proposal Work with grad students on their projects High School Geoscience Academy Publish Dissertation Papers Setup a webpage Master the Mac John’s Manifesto Begin to tie together dissertation document Make a web application Get my General Class Ham License Prepare for my first class Fun Paper Friday Yang, P. J., Pham, J., Choo, J., & Hu, D. L. (2014). Duration of urination does not change with body size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(33), 11932–11937. Tracker Software Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Hey everyone! We've teamed up with The Orbital Mechanics to start a book club. Head over to theorbitalmechanics.com/bookclub and vote for what we should read together.

This week we interview guest Natalie Accardo to learn about various seismic projects and lake bottom seismometers! We then pack pears with a behavioral #FunPaperFriday. Natalie’s website East African Rift system Lake Malawi SEGMeNT project 99% Invisible Podcast - Reefer Madness Airgun Test (Highspeed - YouTube) Evernote SUGAR Project Fun Paper Friday Chang, Tom, and Tal Gross. “How many pears would a pear packer pack if a pear packer could pack pears at quasi-exogenously varying piece rates?.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 99 (2014): 1–17. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

It’s raining. A lot. This week we talk about how we measure precipitation. We then discuss how beetles use stars to navigate in this week’s Fun Paper Friday. Rain Measurement Korean Cheugugi Tipping bucket Standard Rain Gauge Pluviometer of intensities Weighing Rain Gauge Optical Rain Gauge IR Rain Sensor Acoustic Rain Gauge Fun Paper Friday el Jundi, Basil, et al. “A Snapshot-Based Mechanism for Celestial Orientation.” Current Biology (2016). Washington Post Article Video of the Dung Beetle Dance Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we interview Kiya Riverman about crawling around in caves… underneath a glacier! Join us to learn about glacial hydrology and what it’s like being inside the glacier. Kiya’s Website Into the Belly of a Glacier - EOS Cave Surveying and Mapping Structure from motion Kinect Point Clouds Moulin Esker Saint-Venant Equation Navier-Stokes Equations University Centre in Svalbard Fun Paper Friday Chameleons, they have a reputation for blending in, but it turns out their tongues are amazing. They can release energy with accelerations of over 200 gs! Anderson, Christopher V. “Off like a shot: scaling of ballistic tongue projection reveals extremely high performance in small chameleons.” Scientific reports 6 (2016). Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We’re back! On this surprise Tuesday show we talk with the hosts of Undersampled Radio. Pomeroy Rock Drill Matt Hall (@kwinkunks) Graham Ganssle (@GrahamGanssle) Undersampled Radio (iTunes) Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about all the wonderful feedback we’ve been getting, plus about how rocks can bend and break. We then tie it all up by talking about material properties of wood and how staining a violin can change its sound. REPRODUCIBLE COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH: A history of hurdles, mostly overcome Folding and Faulting Flat-lying rocks Nicolas Steno Principle of Original Horizontality Stress Strain Stress vs. Pressure Fold Fault Brittle-Ductile Transition Fun Paper Friday I’ve chuckled at people who go on about the finish affecting the sound of an instrument… I’m so sorry: Gilani, Marjan Sedighi, et al. “Relationship of vibro-mechanical properties and microstructure of wood and varnish interface in string instruments.” Applied Physics A 122.4 (2016): 1–11. Gizmodo article Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Katy’s Website Effective Computation in Physics Physics Codes Seminar Git Page Jupyter Notebooks Software Carpentry The Most Dangerous Writing App Katy’s SciPy Lightning Talk Jean Bahr Fun Paper Friday You are getting sleepy, very sleepy. On the count of three you will read this fun paper about hypnotic suggestion! Oakley, David A., and Peter W. Halligan. “Hypnotic suggestion: opportunities for cognitive neuroscience.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 14.8 (2013): 565–576. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week join us for our own alphabet aerobics as we fly through the geologic alphabet! John’s Deines Lecture A - Anticline B - Breccia C - Coulomb Failure D - Dikes E - Earthquake F - Facies G - GPR H - Halimeda I - Induced Polarization J - Jadeite K - Knickpoint L - Leaverite M - Moho N - Nappe O - Ooids P - Paleomagnetism Q - Quicksand R - Rift S - Seismic T - Tektites U - Uniformitarianism V - Veins W - Wadi X - Xenolith Y - Yardang Z - Zonation Fun Paper Friday What can the continuity equation teach us about vampires and fluid flow? Sadhra, Makita, et al. “P5_2 The Draining of a Lifetime.” Physics Special Topics 14.1 (2015). Orbital Mechanics Episode 52 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We spend a lot of time working with our hands, in fact that’s why we can do science at all. It’s shocking the amount of science ignorance and lack of skill floating around. This got us wondering we are bad at science and where the practical skills we have are going. Then we found some articles! There’s a good reason Americans are horrible at science Mistakes Were Made (But Not by Me) Understanding Science from Berkeley Holiday Inn Express Example Milgram Experiment The Case for Working With Your Hands (NYTimes) Shop Class as Soulcraft Adam Savage on Arts and Skills Fun Paper Friday Art, science, math, and pizza. Checkout this delicious fun paper friday! Haddley, Joel, and Stephen Worsley. “Infinite families of monohedral disk tilings.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.03794 (2015). Gizmodo Summary Starfleet Insignia Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about Hot Springs, the geologic feature and the town in Arkansas. Shannon is going there to visit and have students map the town’s complex geology and see the hot waters. We also scream about this week’s fun paper and the spectral characteristics of screams, alarms, and music. Feedback Quake Catcher Network d3 Hot Springs Springs Mineral Springs Hot Springs, Arkansas Hot Springs National Park Geologic Map Geologic Resources Inventory Report - Hot Springs Ouachita orogeny Spring Boxes Interesting Rock Types Tufa Novaculite Cryptocyrstalline quartz Tripoli and Special Silica Stone Fun Paper Friday Do you ever want to just scream? Now you’ll understand the spectral character of your scream and how it triggers the flight or fight response in those around you! Arnal, Luc H., et al. “Human screams occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape.” Current Biology 25.15 (2015): 2051–2056. Gizmodo Article about this Research Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we catchup on feedback and news, discuss ship naming conventions, and learn about an old gravity experiment! What do the Apollo missions and a Scottish mountain have in common? Listen to find out! Feedback/News RSS Boaty McBoatface Undersampled Radio Neat geological time scale from listener Martin Listener Bart recommended an app called “Start10” The Orbital Mechanics Episode 48 GNU Octave The Apollo Story Bizarre Lunar Orbits Article Lunar Mare There are four inclinations of orbits that are stable 27, 50, 76, and 86 degrees. Schiehallion Schiehallion Experiment Pronounce it! Contour Line History Cavendish Experiment Fun Paper Is Moore’s law about to break and change the way we innovate our microprocessors? More Than Moore by Waldrop Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we are joined by guest Dr. Martin Pratt to discuss new ways to visualize your data and express the frustrations we still deal with on a daily basis. Martin Pratt Martin’s Website Martin’s Github Doppler Shift Scrolling 3D (stereo) screens Microseism Hololens Science on a Sphere Google Earth NASA WorldWind ESRI ArcGIS Earth ParaView GPlates GMT Python and Matplotlib SnagIt Screen Flow Worldwide Telescope Fun Paper Friday Can your smartphone help warn of an impending earthquake? Find out with this week’s Fun Paper Friday! Kong, Qingkai, et al. “MyShake: A smartphone seismic network for earthquake early warning and beyond.” Science Advances 2.2 (2016): e1501055. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about mounds of feedback, learning new skills, and where to tackle the problem of computer programming. It’s for everyone and it’s really not scary! The Origins of MATLAB Just in time compilation LabView Fortran List of programming languages Agile Geoscience Pseudocode Python Crash Course Learn Python the Hard Way Effective Computation in Physics Fun Paper Friday What happens when a few Goodmans write a paper? You get a study on authorship that is paralleled by none! Thanks for the paper Andrew! Goodman, Allen C., et al. “A Few Goodmen: Surname‐Sharing Economist Coauthors.” Economic Inquiry 53.2 (2015): 1392–1395. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Hannah’s Website Seismic Sound Lab Girls’ Science Day Penn State Trash Can Experiment Research as Art Caddisfly jewelery Olivine under the microscope Earth Pottery LDEO Research as Art Swansea University Art Competition University of Arizona - The Art of Planetary Science University College London - Research Images as Art University of Florida - Finding Beauty in Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison - Science Meets Art Washington University in St. Louis - Research as Art Dinoflagellate Fun Paper Friday In this week’s Fun Paper Friday we find out what your eyes were doing when they weren’t rolled back in your head during those long classroom powerpoint presentations. Slykhuis, D. A., Wiebe, E. N., & Annetta, L. A. (2005). Eye-Tracking Students’ Attention to PowerPoint Photographs in a Science Education Setting. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 14(5–6), 509–520. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956–005–0225-z Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we’re going underground…to caves that is. We review the basics of how caves form, some unique features, and a lot of fun vocabulary. We also talk about the latest and greatest scientific discovery! How caves form Carbonic Acid Hydrogen Sulfide Video of Limestone vs. Acid Carlsbad Caverns Formation White-Nose Syndrome Karst Speleothems Stalactites vs. Stalagmites Cave Bacon (Flowstone) Cave Popcorn Troglobites Wind Cave Boxwork Calcite Lehman Cave Cave shields Alabaster Caverns Fun Paper Friday This week we learn about one of the most exciting physics discoveries in modern physics - the measurement of gravitational waves. Gravitational waves for dummies Text Messages from LIGO Abbott, B. P., et al. “Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.” Physical Review Letters 116.6 (2016): 061102. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week a special guest takes us to the moon by talking about lunar rocks and meteorites! The moon turns out to be a fascinating place, but probably won’t break up like in Seveneves. Brad’s Website Jim Papike Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Mars Exploration Rovers Apollo Lunar Rocks and Soils Collection Impact Basin Geology South Pole-Aitken Basin Yutu Rover Electron Microprobe Armalcolite (mineral) IDL ENVI Software ISIS Software ArcGIS ACT Zoomable Lunar Map Fun Paper Friday “Age Rules” from PSRD Borg, L. E., Gaffney, A. M., and Shearer, C. K. (2015) A Review of Lunar Chronology Revealing a Preponderance of 4.34–4.37 Ga Ages, Meteoritics & Planetary Science, v. 50, p. 715–732, doi: 10.1111/maps.12373. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Why do mountains form, earthquakes happen, and volcanoes form where they do? The answer is plate tectonics. This week we explore the history of being wrong about how the Earth works. Shannon’s Keyboard Plate Tectonics Tectonics is from the Greek tekton or “builder” Ben Franklin’s Letter Alfred Wegener The Origin of Continents and Oceans (Book by Wegener) Mesosaurus Arthur Holmes (1928) NOAA Seafloor Spreading Activity Seafloor spreading proposed by Hess and Dietz B.O.B and NDGT rap battle about the shape of the Earth John Tuzo Wilson Mantle Convection Slab Pull Chain demonstration Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform Lava lakes as analogs Fun Paper Friday How does cement harden? Does it turn into a continuous material or is it still a bunch of grains stuck together? Find out with this week’s Fun Paper Friday! MIT News Story on Research Ioannidou, K., Krakowiak, K. J., Bauchy, M., Hoover, C. G., Masoero, E., Yip, S., et al. (2016). Mesoscale texture of cement hydrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201520487–6. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520487113 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We’ve already talked a little bit about the Earth’s magnetic field, but where does that fall in terms of geoscience? Lots of physicists look at the magnetic field, but so do geologists. Not just our current field, but the ancient magnetic field, which is called paleomagnetism. Paleomagnetism Continental Position Video Butler’s Pmag Webpage Apparent Polar Wander True Polar Wander Magnetism in rocks - Dunlop Authigenic Mineralization Pmag Chainsaw Drill PmagPy (Python Software) Super IAPD Zijderveld, 1964 Mu Metal Magnetic Field Shielded Room SQUID Magnetometer Fun Paper Friday What can chopsticks tell us about earthquakes? Find out by reading this week’s fun paper! Tsai, S.-T., Wang, L.-M., Huang, P., Yang, Z., Chang, C.-D., & Hong, T.-M. (2016). Acoustic Emission from Breaking a Bamboo Chopstick. Physical Review Letters, 116(3), 035501–5. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.035501 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

With the first winter storm of 2016 over with, we figured we would jump on the bandwagon and talk about some different types of winter precipitation. Feedback Bending Spacetime in the Basement (Thanks Mark!) Cavendish Experiment Winter Precipitation Snowtron John’s Drone Experiments Pickle Juice and Cheese brine! Atmospheric Temperature Profiles Freezing Rain Freezing Fog Sleet Ice Storms Types of Frost Hail John’s Article “Highway to Hail" Graupel Inupiat Dictionary - Turn to page 104 in the pdf and you can see all the different words for snow! Many Snow Crystals! Snow Rollers (lots of photos!) NWS Warnings and Watches - Definitions Fun Paper Friday This week we use seismology to find… a burglar? Hinzen, K. G., Reamer, S. K., & Fleischer, C. (2016). Analysis of a Burglargram. Seismological Research Letters, 87(1), 193–195. http://doi.org/10.1785/0220150253 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last week we talked about glaciers, a basic staple of any geology education. That means it’s only fair to talk about a geophysics staple this week. We can measure gravity at different locations and use it to help figure out what’s under our feet. That and another great Fun Paper this week! It’s All About Pentiums (Weird Al) Gravity Basics All geophysical methods are based on measuring some kind of physical property difference. Gravity is sensitive to the density of the material below the measurement. “Big G" gal (unit) Density for any rock varies widely. Gravity from impact structures Measuring gravity Absolute gravimeter Relative gravimeter Zero-Length Springs Differential GPS Corrections Examples of the more common corrections Eötvös effect John’s explanation of Coriolis Force and Toilets Isostasy Bouguer Anomaly FORTRAN Talwani Example Original Talwani Paper Fun Paper Friday Alarcón, Héctor, et al. “Self-Amplification of Solid Friction in Interleaved Assemblies.” Physical Review Letters 116.1 (2016): 015502. Semis pulling on phone books Mythbusters Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last known survivor of the 1906 San Fran. EQ/Fire passes away Ice is a mineral National Snow and Ice Data Center Great USGS informational publication on ice ages Mendenhall Glacier Video of 1 year of Mendenhall melting Chasing Ice Firn Pressure melting point Regelation Video of Regelation Experiment Weertman 1957 (Paper on ice movement) Great Lakes Glacial erratic Ice age Drumlin Esker Moraine Kettle Lakes Subglacial channels Glacial striation Fun Paper Friday This week we learn about low frequency sound waves in the atmosphere and how we can use them to determine the winds at high altitudes and improve numerical weather prediction. EOS Article Arrowsmith, Stephen J., Omar Marcillo, and Douglas P. Drob. “A framework for estimating stratospheric wind speeds from unknown sources and application to the 2010 December 25 bolide.” Geophysical Journal International 195.1 (2013): 491–503. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Last week we told you about many different map projections and talked about why they are all wrong. This week we’ll discuss a few of our favorites, why we like them, and when they fail us. We also have another Star Wars themed Fun Paper Friday! How’s your 2016 so far? (PhD Comics) Nuclear Test John’s Particle Motion Movie How To Detect A Secret Nuclear Test Picking a Projection Consider what you need For dot density plots, equal area is important Mercator projection Gnomonic projection Great circle distance Great circle Our Favorites Compare landmasses to Africa. Mercator puzzle Wikipedia lists over 60 different projections! Strangest: Hammer retroazimuthal projection or Waterman Butterfly Projection Most boring/overused: Mercator Projection or Web Mercator Pleasing whole-world: Robinson , Winkel tripel projection, or Armadillo Polar Regions: Stereographic Projection or Pierce Quincuncial Projection Fun Paper Friday Feinstein, Zachary. “It’s a Trap: Emperor Palpatine’s Poison Pill.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.09054 (2015). Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Maps are useful things, but it turns out that projecting a 3D object on a 2D map can cause a lot of unexpected problems. They even inspired an XKCD comic. This week we explore maps and map projections. We also chat about machine learning as part of #FunPaperFriday. What’s the big problem? The Earth is a sphere, actually it’s an ellipsoid, actually it’s really bumpy and messy Taking 3D information and pushing in onto a 2D medium means that you must sacrifice something, you are losing a dimension with which you can express information. Projections are a well thought out as researched problem, even in pure mathematics. You have to pick a projection that will tell you want you need to know accurately, and know that you lose some other information. There is even a West Wing clip about this A few examples of projection problems There are geographical properties that we care about: area, shape, direction, conformality, distance, scale… and you can’t get them all at once. In fact, some it’s hard to get more than approximately the right answer. Area: Maps that preserve area relationships between things on the globe are called equal area maps. Distance: Some maps (equidistant maps) show an accurate distance from the center of the projection to all points. Scale: The same scaling relation applied across the map will give accurate values for scale relations on the globe. Conformality: Scale in any direction at any point is identical. This means that parallels and meridians are at right angles. (Local shape preserved) http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj_f.html A few projections Projections can be generally classified as cylindrical, conic, azimuthal, or other. These are as you would think, projections onto cylinders, cones, planes, or with rules of “rectangular meridians” or something else. There are lots of sub-classes, you can view them here. Wikipedia lists over 60 different projections! Fun Paper Friday That’s what she said. Can we teach computers to better understand human speech patterns? This paper takes a humorous problem as a test case. Kiddon, C., & Brun, Y. (2011). That’s What She Said: Double Entendre Identification (pp. 89–94). Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We want to wish you happy holidays and invite you to join us while John was at AGU. This show should have been released a week ago, but John got very ill at AGU and took several days to recover. Thank you for the well wishes and sticking with us! AGU Fall Meeting 5 Tips for Surviving your First Conference John didn’t get to see the Elon Musk lecture. He did get to sit in a car from Tesla Motors though. ObsPy Orbital Mechanics - Check them out! Fun Paper Friday Can plants remember and learn? The answer may surprise you, it did us! National Geographic Article Gagliano, Monica, et al. “Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters.” Oecologia 175.1 (2014): 63–72. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

The holiday season is approaching and you may be wondering what to get that geoscientist or science nerd in your life. Look no further as we discuss our recommendations on the Don’t Panic gift guide! John’s Picks Gear Pedco UltraPod II AmScope SE400-Z Microscope Shower Mate Speaker MakerBeam Lowepro Extreme Padded Sport Backpack Books Thing Explainer What If? The Annotate Build-It-Yourself Science Laboratory, checkout author interview here Seveneves The Three-Body Problem Misc Geology Bed Sheets Audible Membership Dropbox Membership Soft Earth Pottery Geology Tricorder Shannon’s Picks Gear Garmin Monterra GPS Plateau Designs Field Pouch Rite in the Rain pouch and books UV/LED handlens Books and Movies Annals of a Former World Storm Kings Hyperbole and a half Jurassic World! DamNation Misc REI Chacos! Patagonia Messenger Bag Nikon AW110 Field Notes - snowblind! Fun Paper Friday Star Wars! Need we say more? Learn about Dunes and Tatooine with this week’s fun paper! Dunes on planet Tatooine: Observation of barchan migration at the Star Wars film set in Tunisia Lorenz, Ralph D., et al. “Dunes on planet Tatooine: Observation of barchan migration at the Star Wars film set in Tunisia.” Geomorphology 201 (2013): 264–271. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we continue our discussion of posters, presentation, and talk about splashing around with our fun paper Friday! Graphing Software Igor Pro KaleidaGraph Matplotlib Bokeh Veusz Poster Tools Inkscape Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Adobe Color (Formerly Kuler) John’s AGU Talk Fun Paper Friday This week we talk about urine splashing and industrial uses of carbon nanotubes. Abstract: M32.00010 : Creating a urine black hole Phys.org with Videos Vantablack Article Vantablack Video Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we re-visit one of our favorite shows while everyone is outside or in their turkey food-coma here in the US. We also read some listener mail about last week's episode on earthquake magnitudes! Time is a very complex subject that you can devote your entire life to. Today we’ll cover a few of the basics and enough to get your interest up! We’ll see that it’s difficult to know what a second is and how long relative times are, but absolute time is even messier! We also discuss dried coffee and tetris! Importance of Time (and why it’s on a geology show) It synchronizes the world and our human interactions (need minutes - hours accuracy generally) It allows us to talk about events in a common coordinate system Allows synchronization of scientific measurements and comparison of data sources. This is really important for seismometers for EQ location! Let’s us use GPS! 1 billionth of a second (nano second) error in 1 GPS satellite, GPS receiver is +/- 1 ft to satellite, which is 2–3 feet on Earth. Early Timekeeping Burning candles in marked cases Hourglass Water powered clocks Pendulum clocks Galileo and Huygens (fancy temperature compensation as well) Video on Galileo Modern Time Keeping (Atomic Clocks) First clock was ammonia maser at National Bureau of Standards in 1949, but it really wasn’t all that accurate. It was more of a proof on concept device First cesium clock was in 1955 at the National Physical Laboratory (UK) Leads us to the definition of the SI second he duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of radiation corresponding to the transition between two energy levels of the caesium–133 atom The NIST-F2, a cesium atomic fountain clock, is good to one second in 300 million years. How F2 works is a combination of feedback control loops, lasers, and really cold atoms. Remember, atomic clocks tick away seconds, they say nothing about the hours, minutes, seconds notation we use to write time. We just define a frequency Leap seconds Can’t predict them far into the future because of irregularities in Earth’s rotation Announced ahead of time in a bulletin by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service 25 leap seconds since 1972 Next leap second is this year! June 30, 2015 Real problem in computing, has caused software and GPS hardware crashes/issues before Google smears the second out over a period prior to the leap Time Standards There are TONS of time standards, we’re only going to touch on a few. Most are known with highest precision in retrospect! Solar time Exactly what you would think, it’s about using the sun’s position as a time source. There is the sundial time (apparent solar time) that changes throughout the year, and the mean solar time which is like a clock time. The equation of time represents the difference between the mean and apparent solar day Star clock International Atomic Time (TAI) A measurement of proper time (it’s a relativity thing) Weighted average of over 400 atomic clocks If there is an error, it isn’t corrected. This makes it into terrestrial time. Universal Time (UT) This is what we used to call GMT! Based on Earth’s rotation w.r.t different bodies (why there is UT0,UT1,UT1R,UT2,UTC) UT1 is really mean solar time at the equator Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Formalized in 1960 Adjustments were accommodated by leap seconds starting in 1972 Generally considered to be GMT, but GMT isn’t defined/recognized by the scientific community This comes from TAI by accounting for leap seconds! Epoch time (Unix Time) Epoch time is the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), Thursday, 1 January 1970 No leap seconds by definition, but implementation is actually messy Stored is an integer (32-bits) meaning that it will run out and roll over on Tuesday 2038–01–19 One second after 03:14:07 UTC, it’s the year 2038 problem. The Timekeeper Video Audio after the outro is David Allen FunPaperFriday Coffee rings and coffee disks: Physics on the edge Particle shape controls movement during drying The can be applied to surface design, paints, and more Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about Bill Nye, earthquake magnitudes, and coffee. Bill Nye John got to see Bill Nye (@BillNye) talk at Penn State! News article with photos! Earthquake Magnitudes Earthquake Size (C. Ammon) Challenge is that earthquakes span a huge dynamic range. We measure ground displacements over about 9 orders of magnitude. Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900 Kiyoo Wadati Richter magnitude scale Book: Richter’s Scale: Measure of an Earthquake, Measure of a Man Wood Anderson Seismometer Body wave magnitude Core Shadow Zone Surface wave magnitude Seismic moment Moment magnitude Example Seismogram Resources USGS Earthquake Notification Service Harvard GCMT emails and catalog Earthquake Storms - Dvorak Introduction to Seismology - Shearer An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure - Stein & Wysession Fun Paper Friday Do you like bitter tasting things? A study says that it tells something about your personality. Do you buy it? Article about paper “Black Coffee Equals Black Hearts" Sagioglou, Christina, and Tobias Greitemeyer. “Individual differences in bitter taste preferences are associated with antisocial personality traits.” Appetite 96 (2016): 299–308. Contact us Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week Shannon is grading, John is modeling (numerically), and they both are mad about some graphs they have seen. Data Visualization We are colorblind Tableau20 Colors Rainbow Color Map (Still) Considered Harmful A Better Default Colormap (video) Perceptual Color Maps in matplotlib for Oceanography (video) Evaluation of Artery Visualization for Heart Disease Diagnosis (Borkin et al.) Make everything bigger than you think it needs to be! Resources Edward Tufte Flowing Data Visualize This (Book) Data Points (Book) The Craft of Scientific Presentations (Book) Presentation Zen (Book) Data Fluency (Book) Ask people that make things you like! Fun Paper Friday This week we talk about thundersnow and the Trump tower. How can buildings strike clouds? Warner, Tom A., Timothy J. Lang, and Walter A. Lyons. “Synoptic scale outbreak of self‐initiated upward lightning (SIUL) from tall structures during the central US blizzard of 1–2 February 2011.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 119.15 (2014): 9530–9548. EOS Press Release

Shannon was at the GSA 2015 meeting in Baltimore Maryland. She also won a raffle there for a Rite in the Rain notebook and holder. The meeting app worked well, but we’re both nervous after the AGU app last year. This is episode 42. A very important number to the show! Life Art of the Hadean Era The Hadean sounds kind of like Seveneves Geologic Time Scale Shark Bay Stromatolites Cambrian Explosion Cambrain Arthropod Story (Berkeley) Cambrian Creatures Slideshow Rodinia (“The Motherland” supercontinent) Deepest Volcanic Vent Video Trilobite Guide The Universe Hawking on the origin of the universe Big Bang, Deflated? (livescience) Nuclear Synthesis and Stars Cosmology from quantum potential (Ali and Das) Everything We do a Fun Paper Friday from listener Angie! Heierli, J., et al. “Anticrack model for skier triggering of slab avalanches.” Cold Regions Science and Technology 65.3 (2011): 372–381. Show Pumpkin Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about El Nino, what it is, how it works, and what it means for this winter. We also discuss pumpkin carving injuries on this week’s Fun Paper Friday! Spanish for “the Nino” reference Bill Nye El Nino Skit ENSO The Southern Oscillation and Its Link to the ENSO Cycle (NOAA) ENSO Current Status (NOAA Slide Deck) The ENSO Cycle (NOAA) ENSO Blog ENSO General Info El Nino Indices of El Nino Evolution (Trenberth and Stepaniak, 2000) National Data Buoy Center Current Satellite SSTs El Nino General Info NOAA El Nino Portal Nino Areas Map Consequences Triple Hurricane Picture Hurricane Patricia Exacerbating an already bad drought in the Pacific NW. Helping to alleviate drought in the SW and OK. El Nino years usually mean much lower chances of Atlantic Hurricane development and landfall Fun Paper Friday This week we look at experiments about how safe different pumpkin carving tools are. Not for the faint of heart! Marcus, A. M., Green, J. K., & Werner, F. W. (2004). The safety of pumpkin carving tools. Preventive Medicine, 38(6), 799–803. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.01.008 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week Shannon talks about back to back field trips, broken airplanes, and rain. John relates a story about a strange northeast tradition and shares a traffic related fun paper. Shannon’s Trip Paper about zebra dolomite Sand Bar Videos Glen Canyon Dam Hoover Dam Riffle Lee’s Ferry Kring Paper in Episode 30 Meteor Crater Lowell Observatory Punkin’ Chunkin’ Howard, PA Chunkin’ Website Graupel World Championship Punkin Chunkin Smokin’ Lamas Fun Paper Friday Have you ever been stuck in traffic and wondered why the traffic jam moves like a wave? This week we discuss the dynamics of traffic jams. Giant traffic jam in China Kerner, B. S. (1998). Experimental features of self-organization in traffic flow. Physical Review Letters, 81(17), 3797–3800. http://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.3797 Flynn, Morris R., et al. “Self-sustained nonlinear waves in traffic flow.” Physical Review E 79.5 (2009): 056113. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we talk about water on Mars and aeroelastic flutter of bird wings. John got married with drones and garter cannons. Keep an eye on his Twitter feed for more videos soon. We have a GSA poster and AGU Talk! Mars Mars facts from NASA Mars Cultural Fascination The Martian Way Seveneves The Martian Elon Musk Bio Water on mars Recurring Slope Linea (RSL), identified in 2011 by Lujendra Ojha (then student, now at Georgia Institute of Technology) Great pictures of RSLs Recurring slope lineae in equatorial regions of Mars (Nature Geoscience) HiRISE observations of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars (Icarus) Detection of Perchlorate and the Soluble Chemistry of Martian Soil at the Phoenix Lander Site (Science) Phoenix Lander *Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars (Nature Geoscience) Fun Paper Friday Clark, C. J., Elias, D. O., & Prum, R. O. (2011). Aeroelastic flutter produces hummingbird feather songs. Science, 333(6048), 1430–1433. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1205222 Heterodyne Convolution Neat Audio Convolution Demo Video Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we interview Kina McAllister to talk about her science activity kits for girls and then talk about the optimal office temperature setting in this week’s Fun Paper Friday! STEMBox Website @STEMBox Twitter STEMBox Facebook Original KickStarter @KinaButterJelly on Twitter Woodland Park Zoo HiveBio EDC Show with Bullet Journal Links Fun Paper Friday This week we have a paper with a horrible title, but a very interesting study of what the best temperature is for an office space. Kingma, B., & van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. (2015). Energy consumption in buildings and female thermal demand. Nature Climate Change, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2741 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Open Hardware Summit 2015 Hackable badge! Talks AnnMarie Thomas (Univ. St. Thomas) “Making Makers” Jason Kessler and Jon Ruston talked about ULTRASCOPE Mach 30 president J. Simmons showed new cad/modeling linked tools that they are using to create open thrusters, rockets, etc. Yavin cold gas thruster as test bed Joshua Pearce showed how open hardware in science can save us a bundle think of all the outdated lab equipment sitting around unsupported. Checkout Joshua’s book “Open-Source Lab” and new “Building open source hardware” by Alicia Gibb Bruce Boyes on the Wright Brothers and Patents Open prosthetic development Open fluid chemistry for biology studies with an Arduino shield Open Hardware Certification Fun Paper Friday This fun paper looks at how using ice shells can reduce drag and some of the non-intuitive physics behind it. Gizmodo article Pykrete Vakarelski, I. U., Chan, D. Y. C., & Thoroddsen, S. T. (2015). Drag Moderation by the Melting of an Ice Surface in Contact with Water. Physical Review Letters, 115(4), 044501–4. http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.044501 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week special guest Prof. Charles Ammon joins us to discuss the recent magnitude 8.3 Chile earthquake. We then talk about coffee and how it can move your body clock around. Show Links USGS Earthquake Page Shaking from several views (YouTube) IRIS Teachable Moment PDF USGS Finite Fault Model PAGER for this Event @CharlesAmmon on Twitter Prof. Ammon’s Epicentral Blog Epicentral (iPhone App) Epicentral+ (iPad App) Earth Motion Monitor (Mac) Fun Paper Friday Burke, T. M., Markwald, R. R., & McHill, A. W. (2015). Effects of caffeine on the human circadian clock in vivo and in vitro. Science Translational …, 7(305), 305ra146–305ra146. http://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5125 Science Article Summary Colorado News Release Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we discuss how geoscience can enrich anyone’s life. Join the discussion and then learn about how much cosmic dust falls on us every day! John was on The Orbital Mechanics Episode 24 talking about SMAP. Why Learn Geology Your World Rocked (Slate) Spatial thinking/reasoning Thinking in 3D is hard… 4D is harder 3D Mouse Resources We need resources for our modern lifestyle Earth is continuously changing (as pointed out in the article), so preserving it as is should NOT be the goal, but preserving a habitable planet. Place based knowledge Connects you directly to the land. Everyone has a “place” and by further exploring it through geology it can create a deeper connection. Time “Any good intro geology course is actually a course in time” Geologic time…it’s really big! Pale Blue Dot Photo Puts things in perspective. Carl Sagan’s Pale Blue Dot commentary does a great job of showing spatial and temporal smallness. It doesn’t make you feel small though, it makes you feel free. Chokes me up every time; Watch it here Fun Paper Friday How much cosmic dust falls on the Earth everyday? Kilograms, tons? Find out on this week’s segment! Gardner, C. S., Liu, A. Z., Marsh, D. R., & Feng, W. (2014). Inferring the global cosmic dust influx to the Earth’s atmosphere from lidar observations of the vertical flux of mesospheric Na. Journal of …, 119(9), 7870–7879. http://doi.org/10.1002/2014ja020383 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Join us to talk about the Earth’s magnetic field. It protects us and has complication on more levels than you think. It produces the aurora and helps us date rocks and structures! Three Cat.4 Hurricanes in the Pacific Godzilla El Nino Magnetic Field History William Gilbert On the Magnet OU Galileo Exhibit Geodynamo Dynamo theory Inner core Outer core Magnetohydrodynamics Geocentric Axial Dipole Hypothesis (GAD) Glatzmaier-Roberts geodynamo model notes The Core (movie) Geomagnetic pole The Magnetic Field Magnetic inclination Magnetic declination Been around about 3 billion years Reverses from time to time (some details) Secular variation Archaeomagnetic dating USGS Geomagnetism Program Find your magnetic field at the NGDC Aurora Tesla (unit) Ionospheric dynamo Radio propagation National High Magnetic Fields Laboratory Magnetic Field Sensors Proton precession magnetometer Fluxgate magnetometer SQUID Caesium vapor magnetometer John’s 3D-Compass @StationCDRKelly Fun Paper Friday Studying rockfalls with seismometers and infrasound could save lives and turns out to be both challenging and interesting! Zimmer, V. L., & Sitar, N. (2015). Detection and location of rock falls using seismic and infrasound sensors. Engineering Geology, 193(C), 49–60. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.007 Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we thought we would go through our every day carry (EDC) essentials for braving the academic jungle. As most of us go back to the academic year, it’s important to fine tune what we carry to do our job anywhere. John Nothing Special Notebook(s) Pencil/Pen Bag iPad iPhone MacBook Air Apple Watch Unusual Grid it for cables USB cables of every type USB to DC breakout cable Arduino Wildfire Slide Clicker Every possible video adapter for my laptop (VGA, HDMI, DVI) Goal Zero Venture 30 Jackery Charger Swiss army tinker Folding knife Wireless headphones Shannon Nothing special Windows 10 laptop (maybe not the best to carry around) Field notes notebook Bullet journal Paper planner Tablet(s) Unusual Leatherman Micra Handlens Fun Paper Friday Do you like beer? This week we discuss how it could be affecting your paper output! Grim, T. (2008). A possible role of social activity to explain differences in publication output among ecologists. Oikos, 0(0), 080208022927783–0. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2008.0030–1299.16551.x Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Classes are back in session, and we’re back to normal episodes. Join us to talk about Brunton pocket transits, argue about strike and dip, and discuss the zombie apocalypse. AAPG abstracts are due September 24! Windows 10 isn’t supporting external USB microphones right now. What? Checkout Angie’s beautiful photos. Part 1 Part 2 What is a Brunton? A compass, but a really expensive one with lots of features Generally referring to the conventional pocket transit About the size of a deck of cards, but worth $500 It’s a very accurate compass/clinometer combination that we use to take strike and dip measurements amongst others Can also sight bearings to objections or angle from horizontal by using the sights and mirror Can set the magnetic declination. Just don’t forget! Strike and Dip Two numbers that define the orientation of a plane in 3-dimensional space using an agreed upon handedness convention Dip direction is the direction water would run if poured on the rock, angle is how steep that rock is inclined to horizontal. Strike is 90 degrees to dip, but conventions are mixed and messy Azimuth vs. Quadrant Compasses are available in two formats. This has started holy-wars History of the Brunton Pocket transit invented by David W. Brunton (1849–1927) and patented in 1894 He was a Canadian mining engineer that was tired of carrying heavy survey equipment… any of us can relate Neat photo of early Brunton A bunch of businessmen in WY bought it and started Brunton Inc. in Riverton. (1972) Silva of Sweden Fiskars (Finnish company) Issues Needs to have the needle weighted when at very high magnetic dip angles. Cheap knock-off compasses are everywhere Changed the way the needle is balanced, and oftentimes it comes unscrewed with no way to fix it. This was a change in manufacturing that many people are unhappy about. Fun Paper Friday Zombies! This week we learn about mathematical modeling of zombie disease spread an how it relates to real world problems… mainly politics. Munz, P., Hudea, I., Imad, J., & Smith, R. J. (2009). When zombies attack!: mathematical modelling of an outbreak of zombie infection. Infectious Disease Modelling Research Progress, 4, 133–150. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

We continue our quest form last week to hit the most interesting mechanisms of catastrophic sedimentation, talk about a new notebook, and learn how to give cosmic CT scans. Floods Oklahoma flooded significantly this year! I–35 Rockslide Oregon Landslide Afghanistan river of rock Colorado Springs, CO flash flooding Bolide Deposits Overturned flaps Meteor Crater Tsunamis Alamo impact crater Breccia Suevite Weather Related Sedimentation Flood deposits The Emerald Mile - Kevin Fedarko Hurricane Deposits Hurricane Sandy deposited 3cm in Delaware Bay 1900 Galveston Storm Isaac’s Storm - Erik Larson Fun Paper Friday This week we learn how cosmic rays can be used to see through buildings, insulation, and concrete to provide easy scans without the need for expensive and complex radiation sources. Durham, J. M., Guardincerri, E., Morris, C. L., Bacon, J., Fabritius, J., Fellows, S., et al. (2015). Tests of cosmic ray radiography for power industry applications. AIP Advances, 5(6), 067111–9. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4922006 News Article Book Block Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

This week we start an accidental two-part show on catastrophic sedimentation, John’s drone experiments, and a revisit of some stories from the past. Don’t miss this not so short summer short! John’s Drone Experiment EOS Article on Philae probe Catastrophism Wikipedia article on catastrophism Originated with Bishop J. Usher Mountains, etc. were formed by unknowable, quick cataclysms… Uniformitarianism Wikipedia article on uniformitarianism James Hutton - 1795 Theory of the Earth A Short History of Nearly Everything - Bill Bryson Turbidites Lab experiments Bouma Sequences Density-flow, not tractional or frictional Wikipedia article with nice pictures Landslides et al. Can be triggered by earthquakes, volcanoes, rain, etc. Lahars are also density flows Wikipedia article on landslides Video of huge lahar in Semeru Fun Paper Friday This week we get ready for one of our future topics by talking about bolides and airblasts. Also good timing with the perseid meteor shower! Kring, D. A. (1997). Air blast produced by the Meteor Crater impact event and a reconstruction of the affected environment. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 32(4), 517–530. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin

Intro The Orbital Mechanics highlighted how little we know about planetary formation, so let’s talk about Pluto and what we’ve learned from the New Horizons Mission. Pluto Basics Officially a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt About 0.18 the radius of Earth Mass 0.178 of the moon’s Very low density Gravity 0.63 g Neptune and Pluto were both predicted to exist from orbital perturbations of Uranus Percival Lowell (founder of Lowell observatory) started the hunt for pluto in 1906. Tombaugh found Pluto using a blink comparison technique Moons of Pluto Orbit is chaotic, we can predict forwards and backwards for several million years, but over the Lyapunov time we have no idea. New Horizons New Horizons Wiki Page Launched January 20, 2006 Fly-by July 14, 2015 Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) Solar Wind At Pluto (SWAP) Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation (PEPSSI) Alice (UV imaging spectrometer) Ralph telescope Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (VBSDC) Radio Science Experiment (REX) The Glitch July 4, 2015 the software went into safe mode Turned out to be a flaw in the timing of the commands in the fly-by prep software. Full functionality restored July 7 9 hour round trip radio delay Glaciers/Geology Bright heart shape observed on the side of the planet during approach is ice (Tombaugh Regio) Nitrogen ice flows like glaciers on Earth. Water ice is very brittle at surface conditions –390 F (–234 C) Active surface is exciting, it’s not a dead planet! Glacier Like Flows News Article from Science Atmosphere As UV light from the sun strikes the thin atmosphere, eventually making tholins that color the surface of the planet Some particles remain suspended, shouldn’t be over 30 km (20 mi) off the sfc. Particles were found to be up to 130 km (81 mi) above the surface Atmospheric pressure is dropping Charon Space.com Article Just as geologically exciting as Pluto Likely atmospheric in origin, but could still be geologic Low gravity of Pluto means it won’t hold onto its atmosphere…and Charon is near its same size, so it can pick up gravitationally what Pluto is putting down. Red coating could take less than a million years to form Near loss of the image Science Magazine Article Team opened the image file, but it was of Charon. They momentarily freaked wondering if the spacecraft wasn’t in the right position. Ended up that they were looking in the wrong directory on a FTP server. Future 2 months of particle and plasma instrument gathering Will choose between two Kuiper belt objects and head that way to meet in 2019 Data transmission home for about 16 months Getting the data back Tops out about 1 kilobit per second on the 70 m dishes of the deep space network Can double the rate using different polarization transmissions from the two amps “twittas”, but something else must be shut down to have enough power to run both at the same time Links Super Planet Crash APOD Pluto time tool shows you when your lighting matches that on Pluto. Tweet your photos to us and NASA! Article Announcing Haze and Ice Flows Fun Paper Friday This week’s fun paper sounds a little bit like Jurassic Park to us. What do you think? Blood vessels recovered from fossils. Schweitzer, Mary H., et al. “Soft-tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex.” Science 307.5717 (2005): 1952–1955. Contact us: Show - www.dontpanicgeocast.com - @dontpanicgeo - [email protected] John Leeman - www.johnrleeman.com - @geo_leeman Shannon Dulin - @ShannonDulin