Cybercrimeology

About our guest:Howard Bilodeau is an economist at Statistics Canada.Mentioned in the Show.Cyber Security and Cybercrime in Canada, 2017https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2018007-eng.htmAbout one-fifth of Canadian businesses were impacted by cyber security incidents in 2019https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/201020/dq201020a-eng.htm~~~I really liked this episode, I hope you did as well. Did you know that the end piece on a tape measure is loose accurately to the width of the metal catch so that you can put it against a wall or over the edge of a board without it being off by a milimetre or so. The little gap in that metal tab is there so you can put it over the head of a screw and then mark out a circle radius. Very handy measure.

More about our GuestsDr. Tom Holt is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University.https://cj.msu.edu/directory/holt-thomas.htmlDr Yi Ting Chua is a research associate at the Cambridge Cybercrime Centreat the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Cambridge University.https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ytc36/Dr Rutger Leukfeldt is senior researcher and the cybercrime cluster coordinator at the NSCR. as well as the director of the Cybersecurity & SMEs Research Center of the Hague University of Applied Sciences.https://www.nscr.nl/en/author/rutger/https://www.cybercrimeworkingroup.com/rutger-leukfeldt Parler - The Social network [ Big thanks to the acrobatic elephants upstairs and the snow movers for making recording and mixing this episode such a joy.I have had the song for this episode stuck in my head for a month. I hope it isn't such an earworm for you as well.

More about our GuestsDr. Tom Holt is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. https://cj.msu.edu/directory/holt-thomas.htmlDr. Hyunwook Chun is a Deputy Director at the Korean Institute of Criminology and affiliated professor at Dongguk University https://eng.kic.re.kr/. Dr Rutger Leukfeldt is senior researcher and the cybercrime cluster coordinator at the NSCR. as well as the director of the Cybersecurity & SMEs Research Center of the Hague University of Applied Sciences. https://www.nscr.nl/en/author/rutger/https://www.cybercrimeworkingroup.com/rutger-leukfeldt~~~ This episode was about the future so there isn't much to link about here, I guess in a few years I might have to come back and put the links in for the things that haven't happened yet. ~~~ This episode took a lot more mixing than usual. I hope you like the result.

Show NotesMore About Our Guest:https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/38041-levi-michaelNames DroppedPeter Graboskyhttps://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/grabosky-pnDavid Wallhttps://essl.leeds.ac.uk/law/staff/238/professor-david-s-wall-facssBenoit Duponthttps://recherche.umontreal.ca/english/our-researchers/professors-directory/researcher/is/in15263/Cassandra Crosshttps://staff.qut.edu.au/staff/ca.crossMonica Whittyhttps://unsw.adfa.edu.au/our-people/professor-monica-whittyMark Buttonhttps://www.port.ac.uk/about-us/structure-and-governance/our-people/our-staff/mark-buttonPapers MentionedEvidence-based approaches to regulating 'organized crime'https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16095637You can see a rather interesting regulatory response to the problem of cell phone theft here:https://www.zdnet.com/article/south-korea-to-mandate-anti-theft-mobile-feature/This interview went for over an hour and a half. What a great discipline of research where people are willing to share their time for the benefit of others.

More about our Guest:https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/people/view/38041-levi-michael Mentioned in this Show:SNC Lavalin and Trudeauhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNC-Lavalin_affair The Hungarian Circlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_OberlanderThere have been a lot of Riots in Bristolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_riots#National_riots,_August_2011 Displacementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_displacement Dr Carlo Morsellihttps://crim.umontreal.ca/repertoire-departement/professeurs/professeur/in/in14440/sg/Carlo Morselli/I am very much paraphrasing Dr Morselli at the end of this episode, I unfortunately only took short hand notes as he delivered this message in french in a speech that tied together a class on criminology that included much discussion and exercises that was as awesome, engaging, funny, and inspiring as it was inimitable. A Thousand CutsDeath by a thousand paper cuts is a figure of speech that refers to the failure of an organization by the introduction of bureaucracy and many small inefficiencies and issues that slowly leads to bankruptcy.Obligatory Joke:I laughed quite a bit during the taping of this episode but I had to edit most of it out so as not to distract from Dr Levi. I probably owe you a laugh.When I was a kid, my mother told me I could be anyone I wanted to be.Turns out, identity theft is a crime.This episode was recorded in July 2020.

More about Our Guesthttps://faculty.nps.edu/dedennin/From this Episode:Morris Wilkes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_WilkesHis book "Time-sharing computer systems" from 1968 provide for the Security of the System on page 91 noting that "Passwords, if used must be carefully guarded and changed frequently; the console printing should be switched off when the users is invited to type in his password". So perhaps we can give Bill Burr a break. I learned about that line from a Dorothy Denning LectureA Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace by John Perry Barlowhttps://www.eff.org/cyberspace-independencethe Cult of the Dead Cowhttps://cultdeadcow.com/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_the_Dead_CowCARNAVOREhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivore_(software)https://computer.howstuffworks.com/carnivore.htmHoneypotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_(computing)https://www.projecthoneypot.org/index.phphttps://www.honeynet.org/Napsterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NapsterDid you know there were viral videos and memes before Facebook, YouTube and even Gmail?Money Good. Napster Badhttps://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/WebAnimation/NapsterBad

More about Our Guesthttps://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/grabosky-pnJanke, Art (2005) Alexey Ivanov and Vasiliy Gorshkov: Russian Hacker Roulettehttps://www.csoonline.com/article/2118241/alexey-ivanov-and-vasiliy-gorshkov--russian-hacker-roulette.htmlHacking Theft of $10 Million From Citibank Revealedhttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-08-19-fi-36656-story.htmlVladimir Levinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Levin2007 cyberattacks on Estoniahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_cyberattacks_on_EstoniaOperation Olympic Gameshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Olympic_GamesCyber Resiliency: A Clear and Urgent Necessity for Modern Railroadshttps://www.railwayage.com/regulatory/cyber-resiliency-a-clear-and-urgent-necessity-for-modern-railroads/Sanger, D. E. (2019) The perfect weapon: War, sabotage, and fear in the cyber ageC. Stoll (1989) Cuckoo’s Egg

More about Our Guesthttps://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/grabosky-pnFrom this Episode:Michael A. Sussmann, (1999) The Critical Challenges from International High-Tech and Computer-Related Crime at the Millennium, 9 Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 451-489https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djcil/vol9/iss2/5/Kim Dotcomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_DotcomMalaysian Cybercrime LawYew, Wong Malaysian Law and Computer Crime (SANS Reading Room Whitepaper)https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/legal/malaysian-law-computer-crime-670Appudurai, J., & Ramalingam, C. L. (2007). Computer Crimes: A Case Study of What Malaysia Can Learn from Others?. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 2(2), 1.https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=jdfslDrink or Diehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrinkOrDieSanger, David E. (2018)The Perfect Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the Cyber AgeBruce Sterling The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier (1992)

More about Our Guesthttps://researchers.anu.edu.au/researchers/grabosky-pnPersons of Note:Abbie Hoffmanhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-new-york-stock-exchange-gave-abbie-hoffman-his-start-guerrilla-theater-180964612/JoyBubbles, Josef Carl Engressia Jr.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JoybubblesCaptain Crunch(VIDEO) 2015: "History of Hacking" by John "Captain Crunch" Draperhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK-352AWaKkYan Laura (22 Oct 2019) An Early Hacker Used a Cereal Box Whistle to Take Over Phone Lineshttps://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a20762221/an-early-hacker-used-a-cereal-box-whistle-to-take-over-phone-lines/CSO, (20 Nov, 2017) Captain Crunch aka John Draper banned from DefCon for sexual misconducthttps://www.csoonline.com/article/3237591/captain-crunch-aka-john-draper-banned-from-defcon-for-sexual-misconduct.htmlCaptain ZapDelio, Michelle (Feb 6, 2001) The Greatest Hacks of All Timehttps://www.wired.com/2001/02/the-greatest-hacks-of-all-time/CaptainZaphttps://hackstory.net/Captain_ZapSteve Jobs and Steve WozniakLapsley, Phil (Feb 20, 2013) The Definitive Story of Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Phone Phreaking(VIDEO) 1984: "Wozniak Meets Steve Jobs: Blue Box Free Phone Calls Worldwide" by Steve Wozniakhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeVOpDUWwpU ReadingDonn B Parker Crime by Computer (1976)August Bequai Computer Crime (1978)Steve Levy Hackers: Heroes of the computer revolution (1984)Gordon Meyer & Jim Thomas COMPUTER UNDERGROUND DIGEST (1990-2000)http://www.computer-underground-digest.org/Clough and Mungo Approaching Zero 1992C. Stoll Cuckoo’s Egg (1989) OtherA few things that you missed:You could read this paper from 1977, in which August Bequai attempts to define and illustrate the then 100 million dollar problem of computer crime :https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/polqua6&i=22The Equity Funding Scam.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_FundingBarbash, Fred(Nov 16, 1982) High Court to Review SEC Action on Whistleblower,https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/11/16/high-court-to-review-sec-action-on-whistleblower/5d132a9e-f411-4138-acff-19d464c99189/Initial findings of the SEC on The Equity Funding Corporationhttps://www.sec.gov/litigation/aljdec/1978/id19780901djm.pdf MIT still has a Model railway clubhttp://tmrc.mit.edu/Rod Stewart (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Stewart) is a railway enthusiast. I once worked with a guy who had a beer with Rod Stewart and insisted he was a good bloke.https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50403561Information wants to be freehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_wants_to_be_freeWhat is a punch card?https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/punccard.htmDARPA, the group behind the internet infrastructure, still existshttps://www.darpa.mil/

About the Guest:https://www.cybercrimelaw.net/biography.htmlThe History of Cybercrime: 1976-2016 by Stein Schjolberg.https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B01N7XVFY8/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_EmUnFb8VZZ79TIn this episode we spoke about:The Council of Europe convention of cybercrime: https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/homeThe United Nations program on cybercrime. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/cybercrime/global-programme-cybercrime.html~~~~Light ReadingClough, J. (2014). A world of difference: the Budapest convention of cybercrime and the challenges of harmonisation. Monash UL Rev., 40, 698.https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/232525/clough.pdfCnews.ru via CCRC (Mar 28, 2008)Putin defies Convention on Cybercrimehttp://www.crime-research.org/news/28.03.2008/3277/David Ignatius (Oct 24, 2017) Russia is pushing to control cyberspace. We should all be worried.https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/russia-is-pushing-to-control-cyberspace-we-should-all-be-worried/2017/10/24/7014bcc6-b8f1-11e7-be94-fabb0f1e9ffb_story.htmlAllison Peters (Sept. 16, 2019) Russia and China Are Trying to Set the U.N.’s Rules on Cybercrimehttps://foreignpolicy.com/2019/09/16/russia-and-china-are-trying-to-set-the-u-n-s-rules-on-cybercrime/

About the Guest:https://www.cybercrimelaw.net/biography.html The History of Cybercrime: 1976-2016 by Stein Schjolberg.https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B01N7XVFY8/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_EmUnFb8VZZ79T~~~~We mentioned Donn Parker. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donn_B._Parker The Santayana reference is from the book "The Life of Reason" by George Santayana, which can be found at : https://www.gutenberg.org/files/15000/15000-h/15000-h.htm

About the Guesthttps://unsw.adfa.edu.au/our-people/professor-monica-whittyPapers Mentioned:Whitty, M. T. (2019). Predicting susceptibility to cyber-fraud victimhood. Journal of Financial Crime.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0095/full/html~~~Other:The cybersafety library resource program I mentioned is called cybersec101, you can find it here https://cybersec101.caThe hilarious PSA film "Safety: Harm Hides at home" used for the sample at the start can be found in the Prelinger archives at archive.org here: https://archive.org/details/safety_harm_hidesMusic made with software (looper) from AudioKit. https://audiokitpro.com/

About the Guest:https://uwaterloo.ca/school-of-accounting-and-finance/people-profiles/w-alec-cramPapers Mentioned in this Episode:Cram, W. A., D'arcy, J., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2019). Seeing the forest and the trees: a meta-analysis of the antecedents to information security policy compliance. MIS Quarterly, 43(2), 525-554.Other Notes: There was the punchline for an old joke in there, the original version is needlessly gendered, so I'll switch it and give the setup, An engineer (Practitioner) and a Mathematician (Theorist) were drinking at a bar. They both order a pint, and the Mathematician shares, "If I drink half of this beer now, half of the remainder in after a minute, half again in two minutes, and so on I will be able to drink for the rest of time". The Engineer replies, "Yes but in five minutes you will be drunk enough to order another (Close enough to finished for all practical purposes)". ~~~ The sample from the start is from a film about factory safety that is in the Prelinger archives available at archive.org https://archive.org/details/1280FactorySafetyPiano is .... a piano. Cheezy casio drums are from https://lmms.io/.

About the Guest:https://research.qut.edu.au/qut-law-lab/people/bridget-harris/ Papers Mentioned in this Episode:Harris, B. A., & Woodlock, D. (2019). Digital coercive control: Insights from two landmark domestic violence studies. The British Journal of Criminology, 59(3), 530-550.https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy052 DeKeseredy, W. S., Schwartz, M. D., Harris, B., Woodlock, D., Nolan, J., & Hall-Sanchez, A. (2019). Technology-Facilitated Stalking and Unwanted Sexual Messages/Images in a College Campus Community: The Role of Negative Peer Support. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019828231Stark, E. (2007). Coercive control: The entrapment of women in personal life. Oxford University Press.Harris, Bridget (2020) Technology, domestic and family violence: perpetration, experiences and responses. QUT Centre for Justice.https://eprints.qut.edu.au/199781/ ~~~~~~Monkey Fashion Incident was referring to the events of the article below. It is hard to describe visual thinks like this without being offensive, my apologies if the reference was upsetting. Blanchard, Tasmin (2019/02/08) Courting controversy: from H&M’s ‘coolest monkey’ to Gucci’s blackface jumper, The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/feb/08/courting-controversy-from-hms-coolest-monkey-to-guccis-blackface-jumper~~~~~~~~~ Online Safety resources in Australia :https://wesnet.org.au/https://www.esafety.gov.au/~~~~I drank a cup of tea before recording the introduction and close. Black Tea can make your mouth a little dry and it is not a good idea to drink it before recording voice. I put the milk in after the hot water, I can not dismiss the suggestion that it is better that way(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_tasting_tea). If you listen to this with good quality headphones, I am sorry about the mouth noise. The tea was good. ~~~~~~~Introduction was sampled from the "The Town and the Telephone" part of the Prelinger archives available at Archive.org. (https://archive.org/details/Townandt1950)Music made with software from AudioKit. https://audiokitpro.com/

Find out more about the Ontario Provincial Police here:https://www.opp.ca/~~~No papers in this episode, it was so very practical. The Office of the privacy Commissioner of Canada was mentioned. https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/SERENE-RISC was mentioned a few times. That's my day job. You can find them (us) here: www.serene-risc.ca.The opening was from a 1940s recruitment advertisement for the police service, part of the Prelinger archives on archive.org.https://archive.org/details/0456ElementsOfInvestigation01010403If you do go and watch that movie, immediately cleanse your palate with episode 23 of the reducing crime podcast, to hear Mo McGough talk about the work to change this presentation and reality of the police. https://www.reducingcrime.com/podcast

About the guest:https://www.eur.nl/people/wytske-van-der-wagenPapers mentioned in this episode:Wytske van der Wagen, The Significance of ‘Things’ in Cybercrime: How to Apply Actor-network Theory in (Cyber)criminological Research and Why it Matters, Journal of Extreme Anthropology, Volume 3 Number 1, 2019Assistant Professor at Erasmus University, Department of CriminologyDOI: https://doi.org/10.5617/jea.6895Wytske van der Wagen, Wolter Pieters, From Cybercrime to Cyborg Crime: Botnets as Hybrid Criminal Actor-Networks, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 55, Issue 3, May 2015, Pages 578–595,https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv009van der Wagen, W., & Pieters, W. (2018). The hybrid victim: Re-conceptualizing high-tech cyber victimization through actor-network theory. European Journal of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370818812016Wytske van der Wagen, From cybercrime to cyborg crimeAuthors Manuscript version:https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/61493330/Chapter_1.pdfExtract from:van der Wagen, W. (2018). From cybercrime to cyborg crime: An exploration of high-tech cybercrime,offenders and victims through the lens of Actor-Network Theory. [Groningen]: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/from-cybercrime-to-cyborg-crime(f3a5c5e0-ff0f-4dad-ac6c-2bc91d96a1b4).htmlOther:The Samy Kamkar MySpace WormGreatest Moments in Hacking History: Samy Kamkar Takes Down Myspace5 minute Video from MotherBoard.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtnuaHl378M~~~~~That EternalBlue thing that became crimewareThe Leaked NSA Spy Tool That Hacked the World by Lily Hay Newman on Wired.com (03/07/2018)https://www.wired.com/story/eternalblue-leaked-nsa-spy-tool-hacked-world/WannaCry – Important lessons from the first NSA-powered ransomware cyberattackBy Pierluigi Paganini, May 16, 2017http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/59154/cyber-crime/wannacry-nsa-powered-ransomware-cyberattack.html~~~~The BredoLab BotnetBredolab: Jail for man who masterminded botnet of 30 million computersby Graham Cluley, 23 MAY 2012https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/05/23/bredolab-jail-botnet/ Wikipedia on the BedoLab botnethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredolab_botnet~~~~~Sorry for the Pronunciation of Kubernētēs, I tried, but I am not sure than I managed more than a "foreign word" accent.If all you have is a hammer, all you see is nails, but every tool's a hammer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrumenthttps://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43319933-every-tool-s-a-hammer

About the Guest:https://aysps.gsu.edu/profile/david-maimon-2/The Evidence-Based Cybersecurity Research Grouphttps://ebcs.gsu.edu/Papers mentioned in this episode:MAIMON, D., ALPER, M., SOBESTO, B. and CUKIER, M. (2014), RESTRICTIVE DETERRENT EFFECTS OF A WARNING BANNER IN AN ATTACKED COMPUTER SYSTEM. Criminology, 52: 33-59. doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12028Testa, A., Maimon, D., Sobesto, B. and Cukier, M. (2017), Illegal Roaming and File Manipulation on Target Computers. Criminology & Public Policy, 16: 689-726. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12312David Maimon, Theodore Wilson, Wuling Ren, Tamar Berenblum, On the Relevance of Spatial and Temporal Dimensions in Assessing Computer Susceptibility to System Trespassing Incidents, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 55, Issue 3, May 2015, Pages 615–634, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azu104Other:Not mentioned at all but this series of white papers compiling evidence for particular defensive tools or strategies is very handy. Existing Evidence for the Effectiveness of Antivirus in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David MaimonExisting Evidence for the Effectiveness of Firewalls in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David MaimonExisting Evidence for the Effectiveness of Honeypots in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David MaimonExisting Evidence for the Effectiveness of IDS/IPS in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David MaimonExisting Evidence for the Effectiveness of Passwords in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David MaimonExisting Evidence for the Effectiveness of Prompt Vulnerability Patching in Preventing Cyber Crime Incidents, David Maimonhttps://scholarworks.gsu.edu/ebcs_tools/

About the Guest:https://www.bu.edu/met/faculty/full-time/kyung-shick-choi/https://services.bridgew.edu/Directory/search_person.cfm?personList=1361Papers mentioned in this episode:Choi, K. S., & Lee, J. R. (2017). Theoretical analysis of cyber-interpersonal violence victimization and offending using cyber-routine activities theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 394-402.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563217302212Choi, K. S. (2010). Risk factors in computer-crime victimization. LFB Scholarly Pub..https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=260371Other:International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrimehttps://vc.bridgew.edu/ijcic/

More about the Guest :http://intra.cbcs.usf.edu/PersonTracker/common/cfm/Unsecured/criminology/bio.cfm?ID=659Papers Mentioned in this episode:Thomas J. Holt, George W. Burruss & Adam M. Bossler (2010) SOCIAL LEARNING AND CYBER-DEVIANCE: EXAMINING THE IMPORTANCE OF A FULL SOCIAL LEARNING MODEL IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD, Journal of Crime and Justice, 33:2, 31-61, DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.2010.9721287Burruss, G. W., Bossler, A. M., & Holt, T. J. (2013). Assessing the Mediation of a Fuller Social Learning Model on Low Self-Control’s Influence on Software Piracy. Crime & Delinquency, 59(8), 1157–1184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128712437915 Burruss, G. W., Holt, T. J., & Bossler, A. (2019). Revisiting the Suppression Relationship Between Social Learning and Self-Control on Software Piracy. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439317753820Other:It is important to note that criminological theories discuss 'deviance' using the term without a negative connotation. It is used in the sense that a set of behaviours or attitudes diverge from the usual standards for a particular society. In this sense there is little difference between gang members, drug users, monks or fans of the insane clown posse. To make the idea of deviancy less alien, it helps to think of non-criminal groups that are different from the mainstream. In this case we discussed drug use and bronies as a way of placing hacking and digital piracy in a context of a different social group with associated definitions and values. Neither of us has a problem with bronies. Personally, I think that they are an important group helping to expose and break down traditional and potentially toxic gender roles. Also, they are a great example of the importance of art in both shaping and permitting wider societal expression. If you don't know what a brony is there are plenty of documentaries, but this page is quite helpful : https://haenfler.sites.grinnell.edu/subcultures-and-scenes/bronies/

Find out more about the guest:Dr Catherine Marcum is an Assistant Chair of Government and Justice studies at Appalachian State University https://gjs.appstate.edu/directory/dr-cathy-marcum~~~~Texts Mentioned in this show:Marcum, C.D., Higgins, G.E., & Nicholson, J. (2018). Crossing Boundaries Online in Romantic Relationships: An Exploratory Study of the Perceptions of Impact on Partners by Cyberstalking Offenders. Deviant Behavior, 39(6Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Wolfe, S. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2011). Examining the intersection of self-control, peer association and neutralization in explaining digital piracy. Western Criminology Review, 12(3), 60.Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., & Ricketts, M. L. (2014). Sexting behaviors among adolescents in rural North Carolina: a theoretical examination of low self-control and deviant peer association. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 8(2). Marcum, C. D., Higgins, G. E., Ricketts, M. L., & Wolfe, S. E. (2014). Hacking in high school: Cybercrime perpetration by juveniles. Deviant Behavior, 35(7), 581-591.More:You can learn about the DARE Program here:https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/just-say-nohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Abuse_Resistance_Education The introduction from this show was extracted from an educational show about the value of science. Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. A wonderful resource. https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about the guest:Dr. Tom Holt is a Professor in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. https://cj.msu.edu/directory/holt-thomas.html~~~~Texts Mentioned in this show:Holt, T. J., & Bossler, A. M. (2015). Cybercrime in progress: Theory and prevention of technology-enabled offenses. Routledge.https://www.routledge.com/Cybercrime-in-Progress-Theory-and-prevention-of-technology-enabled-offenses/Holt-Bossler/p/book/9781138024168~~~~~~~Deterrence Theory https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/deterrence-theoryGeneral Theory - Self control https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0004.xml?Social Learning Theory https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0002.xml?Sub-Cultures of Crime https://soztheo.de/theories-of-crime/learning-subculture/subcultural-theory-cohen/?lang=enTechniques of Neutralization and Drifthttps://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195396607/obo-9780195396607-0140.xmlActor Network Theoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theoryDrake presents a story of moving from the bottom to here, not sure where here is though. https://youtu.be/RubBzkZzpUA Gauthier and Forsyth provide an analysis of "Bug-Chasing". K. Gauthier, D., & J. Forsyth, C. (1999). Bareback sex, bug chasers, and the gift of death. Deviant Behavior, 20(1), 85-100.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/016396299266605If you are curious about the rules of the internet, bear in mind that these have always been very dynamic. The link below shows a list. Keep in mind that a lot of this is a joke, and there was never any real process for deciding on this rules, apart from they should be funny. Rumour is that rule 34 was the first rule. If you have no idea what this is all about then take care in researching as it is all 'fringe' internet culture, mostly NSFW and some things cannot be unseen. The link below is picture free, apart from some ascii graphics. https://web.archive.org/web/20160217040548/http://rulesoftheinternet.com/index.php?title=Main_Page The introduction from this show was extracted from an educational show about the value of science. Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. A wonderful resource. https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about the guest:http://rasmusmunksgaard.net/Darknet and Anonymous Research Centerhttps://www.thedarc.org/en/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Papers Mentioned in this Show:Cryptomarkets: A Research Companion (2019) James Martin, Jack Cunliffe and Rasmus Munksgaard, Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 1838670300, 9781838670306Martin, J., Munksgaard, R., Coomber, R., Demant, J., & Barratt, M. J. (2019). Selling Drugs on Darkweb Cryptomarkets: Differentiated Pathways, Risks and Rewards. The British Journal of Criminology.https://www.gwern.net/docs/sr/2019-martin.pdf~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Other notes:Commando was apparently upset because his daughter was kidnapped by a friend. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088944/Rambo was struggling with PTSD in First blood, in the rest of the movies he seems to be trying to end war by shooting it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambo_(franchise)Demolition man appears to be making a case for police brutality, still a great film though. Stalone is upset because he can't operate three shells and Snipes is upset because he was paying tax. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106697/John Wick was upset because he had retired and had recently formed a close bond with a car and a dog. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2911666/Nice Burn at 34:20 Rasmus!, action movies were popular culture once upon a time :p.In Breaking Bad, Walter White started selling meth for the money, not sure that was the only reason by the end of the show. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0903747/The introduction for this episode was extracted from Gangbusters, a radio show from the 1950s. It was supposedly a series of dramatized real FBI cases. Produced and directed by Phillips H. Lord together with Bureau director J. Edgar Hoover. Crime Awareness way back when. You can find it and other public domain resources at archive.org, https://archive.org/details/Gangbusters-Otr.

Find out more about the researcher:https://people.clas.ufl.edu/natalieebner/Papers Mentioned in this show:Ebner, N. C., Ellis, D. M., Lin, T., Rocha, H. A., Yang, H., Dommaraju, S., & Oliveira, D. S. (2018). Uncovering susceptibility risk to online deception in aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B.http://www.daniela.ece.ufl.edu/Research_files/gerontology18.pdf More to read: Lin, T., Capecci, D. E., Ellis, D. M., Rocha, H. A., Dommaraju, S., Oliveira, D. S., & Ebner, N. C. (2019). Susceptibility to Spear-Phishing Emails: Effects of Internet User Demographics and Email Content. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 26(5), 1-28.https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3336141Oliveira, D.S., Lin, T., Rocha, H. et al. Empirical analysis of weapons of influence, life domains, and demographic-targeting in modern spam: an age-comparative perspective. Crime Sci 8, 3 (2019) doi:10.1186/s40163-019-0098-8https://crimesciencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40163-019-0098-8 The intro from this show is from an educational video from the Prelinger Archives. https://archive.org/details/prelinger

More About the researcher:https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/our-staff/n/james-nicholson/ Papers mentioned in this episode:Nicholson, J., Coventry, L., & Briggs, P. (2019, April). If It's Important It Will Be A Headline: Cybersecurity Information Seeking in Older Adults. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 349). ACM.https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3290605.3300579 ~~~~~The introduction was from a video on the importance of radio. Check out the Prelinger archives for public domain videos containing interesting history. https://archive.org/details/prelinger "Turn up your Radio" was a song by Australian Rock group the Master's Apprentices. If you read this far, treat yourself ;)/

Learn more about Dr. Ruth Shillair:https://comartsci.msu.edu/our-people/ruth-shillair Papers Mentioned in this Show:Mind the Gap: Perceived Self- Efficacy, Domain Knowledge and Their Effects on Responses to a Cybersecurity Compliance Messagehttps://search.proquest.com/openview/4f7a33e56a07c7f9a3ecfb816a22fbdc/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y~~~~~~~Multiple Sources for Security: Seeking Online Safety Information and their Influence on Coping Self-efficacy and Protection Behavior Habitshttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41766~~~~~Robin L. Nabi, David Roskos-Ewoldsen & Francesca Dillman Carpentier (2008) Subjective Knowledge and Fear Appeal Effectiveness: Implications for Message Design, Health Communication, 23:2, 191-201, DOI: 10.1080/10410230701808327https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10410230701808327?casa_token=UmsHgY2iyLgAAAAA%3AIyyjYaafyC6VtNphiIwzJWYo95cZdEU4m7QYF-TRtcRcsHtV0iwXoJg4wveyaMmmMRQypbXSf03e-w The introduction was from a PSA on the dangers of bad habits. Check out the Public Domain content of the Prelinger archives for more interesting historical recordings. https://archive.org/details/prelinger

Find out more about Dr Leukfedlt:https://www.nscr.nl/en/author/rutger/https://www.cybercrimeworkingroup.com/rutger-leukfeldt Publication mentioned in the Podcast:A typology of cybercriminal networks: from low-tech all-rounders to high-tech specialistsLeukfeldt, E.R., Kleemans, E.R. & Stol, W.P. Crime Law Soc Change (2017) 67: 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9662-2 News article:Cryptocurrency Entrepreneur and Investor Michael Terpin Sues “Too Big to Care” AT&T for Permitting $23.8 Million Theft in “SIM Swap” Scam by Authorized Agenthttps://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/08/15/1552594/0/en/Cryptocurrency-Entrepreneur-and-Investor-Michael-Terpin-Sues-Too-Big-to-Care-AT-T-for-Permitting-23-8-Million-Theft-in-SIM-Swap-Scam-by-Authorized-Agent.html More Background for this discussion:Criminal networks in a digitised world: on the nexus of borderless opportunities and local embeddednessLeukfeldt, E.R., Kleemans, E.R., Kruisbergen, E.W. et al. Trends Organ Crim (2019) 22: 324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-019-09366-7 BookThe Human Factor of Cybercrimeby Rutger Leukfeldt, Thomas J. Holthttps://www.crcpress.com/The-Human-Factor-of-Cybercrime/Leukfeldt-Holt/p/book/9781138624696

Find out more about Dr. Alice Hutchings:https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~ah793/Find the paper mentioned in this show:Hutchings, A., & Pastrana, S. (2019). Understanding eWhoring. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.04576.https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.04576.pdf

Find out more about Diana Freed:https://infosci.cornell.edu/content/freedFind out more about Sam Havron:https://havron.dev/The find the papers mentioned in this show:Freed, D., Palmer, J., Minchala, D., Levy, K., Ristenpart, T., & Dell, N. (2018, April). “A Stalker's Paradise”: How Intimate Partner Abusers Exploit Technology. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 667). ACM.https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3174241Havron, S., Freed, D., Chatterjee, R., McCoy, D., Dell, N., & Ristenpart, T. (2019). Clinical computer security for victims of intimate partner violence. In 28th {USENIX} Security Symposium ({USENIX} Security 19) (pp. 105-122).https://havron.dev/pubs/clinicalsec.pdf

Find out more about Dr Diarmaid Harkin:https://www.deakin.edu.au/about-deakin/people/diarmaid-HarkinFind the report mentioned in this show:The Consumer Spyware Industry An Australian-based analysis of the threats of consumer spyware.http://accan.org.au/files/Grants/2017%20successful%20projects/Deakin%20-%20Consumer%20Spyware%20Industry%20%20-%2030Jul19%20WEB.pdfFind the paper mentioned in this show:Harkin, D., Molnar, A., & Vowles, E. (2019). The commodification of mobile phone surveillance: An analysis of the consumer spyware industry. Crime, Media, Culture, 1741659018820562.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1741659018820562

Find our more about Dr. Heather Douglas:https://law.uq.edu.au/profile/1347/heather-douglasFor the paper referred to in this show please read:Douglas, H., Harris, B. A., & Dragiewicz, M. (2019). Technology-facilitated domestic and family violence: Women’s experiences. The British Journal of Criminology, 59(3), 551-570.https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azy068