Charting Pediatrics

We live in a country where medical experts are breaking barriers and changing outcomes on a daily basis, so it's always exciting when we get to celebrate one of our own. Recorded at the 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition in Washington, D.C., this episode honors David Keller, MD, who was recently named the recipient of the 2023 AAP Job Lewis Smith Award. "I want to be a part of the solution to problems," Dr. Keller says. The award recognizes lifelong outstanding career achievement in community pediatrics and is the highest award bestowed by the council. Dr. Keller has dedicated more than 40 years to advancing child health and he currently serves as the Department of Pediatrics Vice Chair of Clinical Strategy and Transformation at Children's Hospital Colorado. "We as pediatricians need to remember that children always live in context. There is no such thing as an isolated child. They live in the context of their families, but they also live in the context of their communities. If we don't understand the communities that our kids live in, then it's really challenging to understand how illness interacts with that community and how you can intervene," Dr. Keller says. Some highlights from this episode include: Dr. Keller's early career influences How he earned this prestigious award How we learn more about the context of our patients Advice for young doctors and medical professionals trying to make their own imprint For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

In the United States, 77% of vector-borne diseases are transmitted by ticks and numbers have increased dramatically in recent decades. While Lyme disease may be the most common in the country, with an estimated 475,000 new cases each year, there are many other vector-borne diseases affecting people every day. Information is constantly shifting related to current and predicted changes in the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases, age -specific clinical and laboratory manifestations, as well as treatment. In addition, there are many public misconceptions regarding vector-borne infections and approaches to infection. What is the risk of labeling someone as having Lyme disease and possibly missing the true diagnosis? We answer that question and many more on today's episode. "When we think about tick-borne infections, I always like to focus on the tick, the organism that it transmits to and then on the disease process," Lourdes Eguiguren, MD says. This episode was recoded at the 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference and Exhibition in Washington, D.C., which provided us an opportunity to speak with experts in- person from across the country. As an infectious disease expert with a focus on tick-borne infection at Children's Nebraska, Dr. Eguiguren is here to share her knowledge. She is an assistant professor in the division of infectious diseases at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. She has a passion for teaching trainees and connecting with her patients on a personal level. "Many times, we actually come up with a differential diagnosis or even the final diagnosis by talking to parents", Dr. Eguiguren says. Some highlights from this episode include: Key details about Lyme disease How disease is transmitted from tick to organism The impact of climate change on the prevalence of ticks Breaking down misconceptions about vector-borne infections What treatment options look like For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

For parents expecting a newborn, their top priority is bringing a healthy baby into this world. But it's not just their responsibility while their baby is in the womb. As newborns, important screenings are changing health outcomes. Over 98% of U.S. newborns are screened for hearing loss and about 6,000 U.S. infants born are identified early with a permanent hearing loss. In all 50 states and Washington D.C., there are newborn screening laws to make sure these tests happen. Experts say they are crucial to keep at the forefront of newborn care. It's doctors like Owen Darr, MD, whose passion is helping these kids live the best life possible. "Working with families, helping them through a difficult time, finding interventions –– sometimes small, sometimes big –– that can really make a positive impact on a child's life," Dr. Darr says. In today's episode, we are joined by Dr. Darr and Kristin Uhler, PhD. Dr. Darr specializes in otolaryngology at Children's Hospital Colorado. He is also an assistant professor of otolaryngology, head and neck surgery. Dr. Uhler is an audiologist at Children's Colorado, as well as an associate professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Dr. Uhler explains that 1998 was the year experts provided the efficacy for newborn screening. "Where they realized if you screen a baby by 1 month of age, you then rescreen them at and diagnose them with either hearing loss or normal hearing by 3 months of age, and then enroll them in early intervention by 6 months of age, that they have language on par with their typical hearing peers by preschool," Dr. Uhler Says. Some highlights from this episode include: Why we screen newborns and what we are screening for Sensitivity and specificity of the hearing test Intervention options to help children with hearing loss When physicians should refer kids for a hearing test Today's episode is underwritten by the Daniels Fund, in recognition of their longstanding commitment to the Bill Daniels Center for Children's Hearing at Children's Hospital Colorado. Cable television pioneer Bill Daniels suffered hearing loss traced to his service as a decorated fighter pilot in World War II. His experience formed a strong catalyst for the Daniels Fund's gifts to support Children's Colorado, since 2005. Thank you to the Daniels Fund for continued investment in Children's Colorado to help children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing receive the care that they need to grow into healthy and dynamic citizens. For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

We have listeners all over the world, many of whom are Spanish-speaking. Did you know we have a sister podcast, Pediatras en Línea? It stands out as one of the only podcasts in Spanish that focuses on medical education. About two and a half years ago, Pediatras en Línea launched and became a critical resource for pediatricians all throughout the U.S. and Latin America. Fast forward to today, they are growing 277% per month and have audience members in 90 countries. In 20 of those countries, Spanish is the official language. In this episode, we are joined by the host of Pediatras en Línea, Carla Torres-Zegarra, MD. Dr. Torres-Zegarra is a pediatric dermatologist at Children's Hospital Colorado and assistant professor of dermatology and pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Born and raised in Lima, Peru, Dr. Torres-Zegarra moved to the U.S. in 2009 to pursue medical school and has been practicing at Children's Colorado since 2013. She says being able to work here at Children's Colorado is a dream. "Now I feel the need to give back to the people that have allowed me to have this opportunity by being a resource and even an inspiration for those who are listening outside of the states," Dr. Torres-Zegarra says. About 42.5 million people in the U.S. speak Spanish, and that number increases to more than 457 million worldwide. However, when we specifically look at the medical profession, only 6% of physicians identify as Hispanic and just 2% of non-Hispanic physicians are Spanish-speaking. Of that 6%, Dr. Torres-Zegarra highlights that only 2.4% are female. Through her podcast, she hopes to inspire other Spanish-speaking women to become physicians. "I am just one of them, and I am very happy to be one of them," Dr. Torres Zegarra says. Some highlights from today's episode include: An overview of Pediatras en Línea The power of social media Challenges faced by overseas-trained doctors when relocating to the U.S. How these podcast episodes allow pediatricians to always learn something new For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Miracles happen every day and it's an honor when we can celebrate them. This year marks the 60th anniversary of the start of newborn screening in the United States. The program identifies infants with specific genetic conditions that are asymptomatic at birth and ensures they can receive prompt, lifesaving medical interventions. Over its lifespan, the program has saved countless lives. New research and technological advancements have allowed for innovation and enhanced abilities to screen for certain disorders. Today, newborn screening has evolved into one of the most effective public health programs in the country and its impact won't stop anytime soon. On this 60th anniversary, experts are celebrating successes while still trying to improve current processes. "False positives are the Achilles' heel of newborn screening. I know we always think about not missing a case, but the harms are almost all associated with telling a parent their child is positive when they aren't. Some of these treatments are time critical," says Ned Calonge, MD, one of our guests on today's episode and the Chief Medical Officer for the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Dr. Calonge is joined by Stacey Martiniano, MD, a physician here at Children's Hospital Colorado and Gregory Bonn, the Colorado newborn screening program manager. They are three experts behind some of the early intervention that ensures every child can live the healthiest life possible. "My favorite part is helping them stay as healthy as possible, live full lives and keeping that relationship with them throughout their childhood and young adulthood," Dr. Martiniano says. Some highlights from today's episode include: Variations of newborn screening programs in different states and countries How technology has advanced what's possible to identify and treat The history of how the program was created What's on the horizon for newborn screening For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

During the 2022-2023 admission cycle, about 22,700 students enrolled in medical school in the United States. In this country alone, we have 154 medical schools offering an MD program. Many of these schools are actively working to incorporate modern learning principles into their structure. It's all a part of a larger goal to align the forces affecting the delivery of care with educational priorities. Over time, comprehensive care has become a widely accepted standard for modern medicine; it puts positive patient outcomes at the forefront. That's why creating those environmental opportunities are crucial to medical students as they prepare for a long career at the bedside. A Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship, or LIC, is a clinical curriculum in which students participate in the comprehensive care of patients over time. "LIC students have been found to experience lasting improvements in their patient centeredness, in their empathy, and also student satisfaction is higher," says Amy Grover, MD, an assistant professor of pediatrics and pediatric hospital medicine. Patient-student relationships are at the heart of LICs. We see these across the scope of medical education worldwide, but there is something unique about the LIC model here at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Grover is a guest on today's episode, along with Meghan Treitz, MD, an associate professor of pediatrics and general pediatrics, and Margie Rodgers, an LIC coordinator. "One of the advantages of this model is students get exposure to the clinical world earlier and also at the end of their second year have had exposure to all of the core disciplines so planning for residency and career is actually made a little bit easier," Dr. Treitz says. Some highlights from this episode include: What an LIC is and how it works The advantages of an LIC curriculum compared to other medical education practices How students learn every discipline through an LIC in a pediatric hospital setting Stories about unique patient care experiences from students Articles referenced in the podcast: Hirsh DA, Ogur B, Thibault GE, Cox M. "Continuity" as an organizing principle for clinical education reform. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):858-66 Hirsh et al. Better learning, better doctors, better delivery system: possibilities from a case study of longitudinal integrated clerkships. Med Teach 2012;34(7):548-54. Walters, et al. Outcomes of longitudinal integrated clinical placements for students, clinicians and society. Med Educ 2012; 46: 1028-1041 Poncelet, et al. Development of a longitudinal integrated clerkship at an academic medical center. Med Educ Online 2011; 16: 5939. Hirsh D, Gauberg E, Ogur B, et al. Educational outcomes of the Harvard Medical School—Cambridge integrated clerkship: a way forward for medical education. Acad Med. 2012;87:643-50 Teherani, et al. Outcomes of Different Clerkship Models: Longitudinal Integrated, Hybrid and Block. Acad Med 2013; 88: 1-9 Gaufberg E, Hirsh D, Krupat E, et al. Into the future: patient-centeredness endures in longitudinal integrated clerkship graduates. Med Educ. 2014;48:572-82. Flick RJ, Adams JE. Alliance, trust, and loss: experiences of patients cared for by students in a longitudinal integrated clerkship. Acad Med. 2019 Beard AS, Candy AE, Anderson TJ, Derrico NP, Ishani KA, Gravely AA, Englander R, Ercan-Fang NG. Patient satisfaction with medical student participation in a longitudinal integrated clerkship: a controlled trial. Acad Med. 2020. 95(3):417-424. McKenna et al. The missing link: connection is the key to resilience in medical education. Acad Med 2016 Wald, Hedy S. PhD Professional Identity (Trans)Formation in Medical Education, Academic Medicine, 2015 For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

The relationship between a child and their furry friend is a very special one, especially when that relationship benefits their physical and mental health. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that animal-assisted therapy helps children cope with and heal from health problems. In addition, we know that interacting with a gentle, friendly pet can decrease pain, reduce anxiety, and encourage communication. A new randomized, controlled study is shining a light on the powerful child-canine connection, telling us that twice weekly sessions with a dog and its handler significantly lowers children's cortisol levels. Here at Children's Hospital Colorado, we've seen that progress happen in real-time with our Medical Dog Program, and the success of this work is just getting started. "There are those things that you can measure, but then there are the pieces about just knowing for families or hearing from them they couldn't have coped with the hospitalization if it wasn't that Halo was a part of their journey," says Devin Devlin, a medical dog handler and child life specialist at Children's Colorado. Devlin, along with Brianne Newman, another medical dog handler and child life specialist, are our guests on today's episode. However, for the first time in our Charting Pediatrics' history, they are joined by two special guests, facility dogs Halo, MD, and Galaxy, MD. You may be wondering: Dogs can become medical doctors?! While that would be awesome, the MD for these two stands for medical dog. Devin is the primary handler for Halo, MD and Brianne is the secondary handler for Galaxy, MD. These two beautiful, fluffy golden retrievers turn 6 on October 1st, 2023. Devin and Brianne are constantly in awe at the impact these dogs make and are so excited to help share their story with our listeners. One patient even named their newborn baby after Halo! They say being on the end of their leashes as they change kids' lives is a sheer privilege. "I'm going to get a little choked up when I say this because the kids here are so brave, and so getting to watch them, what they go through and what they're able to accomplish is just incredibly rewarding," Brianne says. Some highlights from today's episode include: A day in the life of a medical dog handler and their facility animal Examples of positive health outcomes for patients The training that goes into the work of a medical dog How these canines get their creative names! For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

In the United States, nearly 68 million people speak a language other than English at home. That number has virtually tripled over the last three decades. As our country continues to experience this soaring growth, qualified medical interpreters are becoming more essential to improving health outcomes and achieving health equity goals. Patients with hearing loss or limited health literacy may also require interpretation services. "Effective communication through interpreter utilization is one of the most important things we can do to help our patients with that," Anna Ruman, MD, says. Dr. Ruman is one of our guests on today's episode. She is an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and a hospitalist at Children's Hospital Colorado. Her passion for this work started before attending medical school. After minoring in Spanish in college, she lived and worked in Mexico. From there, she made her way to Chicago to work as an English-Spanish health educator. She is joined by Nancy Casillas, a medical interpreter and program coordinator for the Medical Interpretation and Translation Department here at Children's Colorado. Casillas, a first-generation Mexican American, has been with Children's Colorado for 16 years and understands the challenges of having English as a second language. "I feel that through this work, I'm helping those families who may be newly arrived immigrants to the country, and they may feel a little lost, and with my skills I'm helping them feel not so lost in this country," Casillas says. These experts explain how the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has specifically identified language access as one of the five priority areas for the next year, aligning with the shared goal to reduce or eliminate healthcare disparities. Some highlights from this episode include: How medical interpreters enhance health equity Advantages and disadvantages of different types of interpreting Qualifications for interpretation practice versus being bilingual Advancements happening at Children's Colorado For more information on Children's Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Our pediatricians hear it time and time again: "My child is a picky eater." Many times, it starts when kids are young, which naturally creates worry for parents. "It's so innate in us that parents want to feed their children," Dr. Dan Nicklas, our host, says. Researchers looked at the habits of children between 4 and 9 years old and found that because picky eaters don't tend to grow out of it, parents need to intervene before their child turns 2. When children reach the age of 1, the transition from formula or breast milk to whole milk and table food becomes a pivotal time, as children start forming opinions about food. In this episode, Stephanie Gilley, MD, and Rebecca McNab join us to provide strategies for navigating conversations with patients about their children and how they approach meals with their family. Dr. Gilley is a pediatric Clinical Nutrition Physician at Children's Hospital Colorado, as well as an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Rebecca is an occupational therapist and certified lactation education counselor. They explain this is a journey many parents find themselves on without a single path, but there are ways to create healthy, intuitive relationships with food for their kids. There are many resources out there for parents to rely on but it's important to know what you're looking for. "Parents should not be following any account that makes them feel bad about what they are doing," Dr. Gilley says. She suggests two resources in particular: Kids Eat in Color and Feeding Littles. Some highlights from this episode include: • Parent's responsibility versus child's responsibility • Importance of fostering a child's independence • Creative ways to make food exciting • How feeding disorders are different than picky eating Today's episode is underwritten by Aegon Transamerica Foundation, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. The Aegon Transamerica Foundation helps build a better world by committing to the improvement of wellness throughout their communities. Their partnership with Children's Colorado addresses the youth mental health crisis to help create a better mental health future for children. Thank you to Aegon Transamerica Foundation for investing in Children's Hospital Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

For many practicing doctors today, advancements in science currently unfolding seemed futuristic during their years of training. Fetal care and in utero surgery are at the forefront of these advancements. Specifically, over the last 50 years, growth of maternal-fetal medicine and the importance of fetal care centers have grown exponentially. Medical evolutions have paved the way for specialists to treat an unborn child as a separate patient, offering life-saving care before birth. Our team at Children's Hospital Colorado has performed more than 1,600 surgeries, making us one of the most experienced fetal centers in the country. That's why this week we are thrilled to welcome Sarkis (Chris) Derderian, MD, as our guest on Charting Pediatrics. As an expert in this field, he is currently an assistant professor of surgery and a pediatric surgeon at Children's Colorado, but his passion for fetal care began during his medical school years. "It was actually trauma that looped me into pediatric surgery and that I remember a 3-month-old baby that was in a car accident, terribly sick at the time, but at the time I left that rotation that baby was up moving around and it was just really a reflection of how resilient this population is," Dr. Derderian says. Throughout this episode we dive into what fetal surgery currently looks like and how its progression gives as a look inside what the next 50 years could look like. "I think it's going to be revolutionary what we can do," Dr. Derderian says. It's a space that's pushing the envelope to provide a new quality of life. Some highlights of today's episode include: · Conditions being intervened by fetal surgery · Diagnosing disease processes early in gestation · How concepts like animation help make information digestible for families · The future potential of fetal surgery For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Welcome back to another exciting season of Charting Pediatrics! For our long-time listeners, we are thrilled to have you back, and for anyone new to our audience, we couldn't be more excited that you've joined us. In this first episode of Season 7, we dive into the world of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Did you know that one in 300 individuals under the age of 20 is affected by this condition? Our guest on today's episode, Kimber Simmons, MD, isn't just an expert in her field; she was a part of that statistic after getting diagnosed at just 8 –years old. Now, as an associate professor of pediatrics and pediatric endocrinology, as well as a pediatric endocrinologist at Children's Hospital Colorado and the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, she's shedding light on some of the latest research. Dr. Simmons and other experts explain alternative approaches that modify the natural course of T1D, rather than solely treating hyperglycemia, could dramatically improve both the quality of life and health outcomes for patients. In this episode, we review strategies for early diagnosis of T1D that predict, as well as prevent or delay, the onset of clinical T1D during preclinical stages of the disease. We also discuss an exciting new medication, Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv), with the promise of delaying the onset of clinical disease in T1D. "It is going to shift how we manage Type 1 diabetes in the future," Dr. Simmons says. Some highlights from today's episode include: How the predictability of T1D has changed over the years Expansion of screening programs worldwide New breakthrough medication, Tzield (teplizumab-mzwv), approved in the U.S. to delay the onset of clinical T1D Children's Colorado program to help providers identify the disease and follow up For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

It's time to jump back into the ever evolving world of pediatrics. On this new season of Charting Pediatrics, one of the top 5 pediatric podcasts in the world, we expand our horizons, discuss cutting edge research and cover hot topics among the medical community. Season 7 will push new boundaries, answer lingering questions and take us on the road for in person interactions. Get ready for August 29th, it's a season you won't want to miss. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org .

In this episode, we discuss food allergy, a very important topic for the general pediatrics community. Matthew Greenhawt, MD, joins us for this discussion as an expert in pediatric allergy and a leader of pioneering international studies looking at how we treat life- threatening food allergies in kids. Guest: Dr. Matthew Greenhawt specializes in pediatric allergy and immunology and is the director of the Food Challenge and Research Unit at Children's Hospital Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Imagine you have a new 13-year-old patient in your practice. When you perform a return-to-school physical examination, you notice healed linear cutting marks on both of their wrists. The remainder of your exam is normal. In light of this finding, what are your next steps? What questions should you be asking the family and the patient, and what should you be concerned about today? As part of our mental health series, in this episode we discuss nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). This is a common problem in teenagers and young adults, with some studies estimating a prevalence of up to 18% in high school students. Considered a developmental-timed problem, NSSI becomes much less common with age. Which begs the question, what's happening inside that teenage brain? Two Children's Hospital Colorado experts join us to help decode what is going on. Guests: Evadine Codd, PhD, is a licensed psychologist at Children's Colorado within the Pediatric Mental Health Institute. Luke Miller, MD, is a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Children's Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

The important but ever-elusive goal of work-life balance is still more out of reach for women than men. Studies of home workloads for physicians indicate that the bulk of the nonprofessional work at home still falls to women. As a result, female physicians experience more work-family conflict than their male counterparts. This dynamic can lead to decreased job satisfaction, fewer women seeking professional advancement and increased burnout. In this episode, we talk with Children's Hospital Colorado experts about their research in the area of work-life balance for female interventional radiologists. Guests: Jenny Zablah Alabi, MD, an associate professor of pediatrics and interventional cardiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, and a pediatric cardiologist at Children's Colorado. Natalie Soszyn, MD, a second-year fellow in interventional cardiology at Children's Colorado. This episode is underwritten by Aegon Transamerica Foundation, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. The Aegon Transamerica Foundation helps build a better world by committing to the improvement of wellness throughout their communities. Their partnership with Children's Colorado addresses the youth mental health crisis to help create a better mental health future for children. Thank you to Aegon Transamerica Foundation for investing in Children's Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado Resource: Work-Life Balance: The Expectations and Perspectives as a Female Interventional Cardiologist

The gut microbiome is a fascinating area of human health that we just started to better understand in the last two decades. With the arrival of PCR sequencing and advanced PCR techniques, we've been able to characterize the microbiome by looking at what organisms live there and how they vary by location and diet, as well as how the microbiome is influenced by things like exposure to antibiotics. We're beginning to understand the relationship between the microbiome and health, from how these bacteria influence human metabolism and immune system development to their association with autoimmune diseases. Although we've learned a great deal, there's still a lot for us to understand about our microbiome, including the relationship between our nervous system and the bacteria in our gut. In this episode, we'll explore what we know and what we have left to discover with our guest Jaime Belkind-Gerson, MD. Guest: Jaime Belkind-Gerson, MD, is a pediatric gastroenterologist at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Belkind-Gerson is an expert in neurogastroenterology and gastrointestinal motility, and he's an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

One of the most concerning trends in child health is the increase in suicide rates over the last two decades in the United States. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in teenagers and young adults, and we should be alarmed both as pediatricians and citizens. We also need to ask questions about what this says about our society, what kind of promise and opportunity kids see for themselves, whether they are receiving the support they need, and if our healthcare system has the capacity to manage kids before and during a mental health crisis. As part of our ongoing mental health series, in this episode we discuss the alarming increase in suicide rates and some potential solutions to prevent suicide in children. Guests: Lisa Horowitz, PhD, MPH, is a pediatric psychologist and senior associate scientist at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, and is a principal investigator at the NIMH studying detection of suicide risk in the medical setting. Jeff Bridge, PhD, is an epidemiologist and director of the Center for Suicide Prevention and Research in the Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. He is also the Nationwide Foundation Endowed Chair of Innovation in Behavioral Health Research and professor of pediatrics, psychiatry and behavioral health at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. Today's episode is underwritten by Modivcare Foundation, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. The Modivcare Foundation is committed to improving the health of their members in communities across the country while advocating for the future of care through philanthropic funding. Their partnership allows Children's Colorado to make important changes to our state's mental health system, prevent suicide, and give youth the support and services they need to thrive. Thank you to Modivcare Foundation for your investment in Children's Hospital Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

It is not uncommon for newborn babies to have slight imperfections in their heads. Most of the time, these imperfections will fix themselves over time, or once they begin to develop. However, sometimes a more serious diagnosis will require medical interventions. Craniosynostosis is a condition where a baby's skull begins to fuse together too early. This occurs at birth or shortly after and if not treated, can affect brain development. Guests: Dr. Brooke French and Dr. Allyson Alexander. Dr Allyson is a Pediatric Neurosurgeon here at Children's Hospital Colorado and is also an Assistant Professor at University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Brooke French is the Co – Director of Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery Programs and is also the Director of Cosmetic Surgery here at Children's Hospital Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Sudden unexplained infant death, commonly known SUID, SIDS or crib death, affects approximately 3,400 infants each year. Sudden unexpected infant deaths usually occur when an infant is sleeping, and causes can include suffocation, unknown infection, ingestion and other unknown causes. Not only has there been minimal improvement in rates of sleep-related deaths over the past two decades, but racial and ethnic disparities in SUID persist, including increased mortality rates. These disparities are indicative of the broader landscape of inequities within our healthcare systems. Today, we are talking about how providers and healthcare professionals can educate families and help them catch early signs of SUID. Guests: Sunah Hwang, MD, is a neonatologist at Children's Hospital Colorado and an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Aniekan Udoko, MD is a neonatal-perinatal medicine fellow at Children's Hospital Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

In 2020, firearm injuries were the leading cause of death in Americans 18 years old and younger. There was a total of 3,230 children's deaths, of which 63% were homicide, 30% were suicide, 4% were unintentional injury, 2% were undetermined and 0.4% were legal intervention. Healthcare providers who interact regularly with parents and children are well-positioned to discuss evidence-based strategies that reduce unauthorized access to firearms and minimize the risk of firearm injury. Guest: Maya Haasz, MD, is a pediatric emergency medicine physician at Children's Hospital Colorado. Resources: The Journal of Pediatrics: Firearms, Physicians, Families, and Kids: Finding Words that Work For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

No day is the same as the last when you work in pediatrics. Not only are viruses and public health outbreaks always changing, so are regulatory and administrative factors that impact pediatric healthcare and caring for patients. In this episode, we look at the ever-changing landscape of pediatrics, including the evolving trends in payor mix and common pediatric diseases including RSV, diabetes and obesity. These conditions affect millions of people worldwide and have a significant impact on health systems around the world. Guests: Raphe Schwartz serves as Chief Strategy Officer at Children's Hospital Colorado. Rhae Gamber is a senior consulting director at Sg2 Healthcare Intelligence Services, a healthcare consulting firm. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Sinusitis is a common viral or bacterial infection that causes swelling in the sinuses. Although some patients need prescription medication, often sinusitis can be triggered by allergies or the common cold. In general, sinusitis is overtreated with antibiotics. In the United States, there are five million antibiotic prescriptions for children and adolescents with acute sinusitis, and around 65% of patients are prescribed either amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate as first-line treatments. To date, there have been little to no studies to compare the effectiveness and safety of these prescriptions. In today's episode, we discuss a study done by Timothy Savage, MD, and Matthew Kronman, MD, to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics and how to determine who needs antibiotic treatment and who does not. Guest: Matthew Kronman, MD, MSCE, is the fellowship program director for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and the medical director of outpatient antimicrobial stewardship at Seattle Children's Hospital, and an associate professor at University of Washington School of Medicine. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Necrotizing enterocolitis, or NEC, is a life-threatening illness with a mortality rate as high as 50% that almost exclusively affects neonates. The complex pathophysiology of NEC is based on an immature intestinal system that makes babies more susceptible to injury once they are fed. Ultimately, this can result in a breakdown of the gut, necrosis and then sepsis and death. There's still no known cure for NEC, but we will discuss the potential of probiotics, specifically lactobacillus reuteri, with our guest Gail Besner, MD. As part of our Women in Medicine series, we are pleased to talk to Dr. Besner, whose research at Nationwide Children's Hospital focuses on identifying novel therapeutic strategies to protect the intestines from intestinal injury, including necrotizing enterocolitis. Guest: Gail Besner, MD, is a surgeon-scientist at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, holds the H. William Clatworthy, Jr. Chair in Surgery, and has been the Chief of Pediatric Surgery at Nationwide Children's Hospital for the past eleven years. She is a member of the Center for Perinatal Research at the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital. She was the Program Director of the Pediatric Surgery Residency Training Program for many years, and now serves as the Associate Program Director. She's also a scientific Co-Founder of Scioto Biosciences, Inc., a company designed to bring scientific findings from the laboratory to the bedside. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

An article published this spring reported that between 2008 and 2018, there was a 250% increase in suicide rates among 13- and 14-year-old youth in the United States across categories of gender, race and region. There are many factors that contribute to the startling suicide rates in the U.S., including the instability we experienced after the end of this study with the pandemic disrupting our lives. As part of our 12-episode mental health series, host Dr. David Brumbaugh discusses depression and other mood disorders with two mental health providers from Children's Hospital Colorado. Guests: Dr. Melissa Batt specializes in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Children's Colorado as part of the Pediatric Mental Health Institute and is an assistant professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Joel Stoddard specializes in Psychiatry in the Pediatric Mental Health Institute at Children's Colorado and is an associate professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org. This episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent, Colorado's largest credit union, has a passion for people, not for profit. Ent has more than 45 service centers located up and down the Front Range, including the Denver Metro area and Northern Colorado. Insured by NCUA.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we couldn't bring folks together to learn about and discuss important concepts in clinical medicine. Nationally, pediatrics board exam passage rates have been falling every year since 2019, hitting its lowest point of just 80% in 2023. For this episode, we talk with a group of residents who saw conference attendance dwindling at their institution and used Kotter's change model to get teachers and learners back together. They share their results, the challenges they faced, and the lessons they learned along the way about pediatric resident education in this new era. Guests: Drs. Sedler, Nguyen and Lion are all chief residents at Stanford University. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

In the emergency department, sepsis is a common problem and often lands patients in the ICU. Although there are many reasons patients may develop sepsis, it's critical to diagnose and treat this condition in a timely manner. In today's episode, we discuss sepsis and the point at which delays in antibiotics delivery increases the risk of mortality. Roni Lane, MD, works in the Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine at Primary Children's Hospital (PCH) and is the project lead for the PCH Emergency Department Septic Shock Program. Dr. Lane is also an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Utah. Halden Scott, MD, is an emergency medicine physician at Children's Hospital Colorado and an associate professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Pediatricians see an array of patients with unique and individual needs, and each child requires their own specialized and unique care plan. As the rate of children diagnosed with autism continues to increase, it's important that pediatricians adapt and tailor visits to the needs of their patients. In this episode, we discuss some of the simple changes primary care providers can make to ensure patients with autism feel seen, comfortable and understood in their medical home. Guest: Katharine Zuckerman, MD, is a general pediatrician and associate professor at Oregon Health & Science University. Dr. Zuckerman is also a member of the of the AAP Council on Children with Disabilities Executive Committee. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Today on the podcast, we are going to be doing something a little different. As pediatricians and health care professionals, we dedicate our lives and our careers to helping others. Day in and day out we spend our time making sure our patients receive the best care possible to live life to the fullest. Although this can be one of the most fulfilling careers out there, it can also be physically and mentally demanding. Today, I want to ask each of you, how often do you take the time to check in with yourself? How often do you reflect on your own physical and mental health? If you are struggling physically or emotionally, are you taking the time to get help? Today we are honored to have Dr. Adam B. Hill, a Pediatric oncologist and palliative care physician, join us to share his story from the battle with depression, suicidal thoughts and alcoholism while working in the field of medicine. Guest: Adam B. Hill, MD is the Palliative Medicine Department Chair at Children's Hospital Colorado. He recently wrote and published a book called "Long Walk Out of the woods: A Physicians Story of Addiction, Depression, Hope, and Recovery." For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

As primary care providers, it's easy to assess a patient based on the symptoms and circumstances they present with when they walk in the door. However, patients who had adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have psychological injuries from that trauma that are more difficult to recognize. These patients also have a lifelong risk for health problems. What if healthcare professionals changed their mindset from "what is wrong with this child?" to "what has happened to this child?" In this episode, we explore childhood trauma with two experts and dive into the concept of trauma-informed pediatric care. Guests: Lyndsay Jensen Gaffey, LPC, is the Director of Patient Care Services for the Pediatric Mental Health Institute at Children's Hospital Colorado. Steven Berkowitz, MD, works in the child and adolescent psychiatry unit at Children's Hospital Colorado and is the Director of the START (Stress, Trauma, Research and Treatment) Center. Dr. Berkowitz is also a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Today's episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent, Colorado's largest credit union, has a passion for people, not for profit. Ent has more than 45 service centers located up and down the Front Range, including the Denver Metro area and Northern Colorado. Insured by NCUA. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Children spend the majority of their time either at home or at school. In the state of Colorado, most children spend over 180 days, or 1,080 hours, a year at school. With so much time spent in the school environment, pediatric healthcare workers can collaborate with school health professionals by sharing a child's medical history, allergies, and medications to ensure children are receiving the best care possible. In this episode, we discuss the care children can receive while at school and how pediatricians can communicate effectively with their patient's school health professionals. Guest: Sara Kihn is a pediatric nurse who has been in the profession for over 30 years. She is the associate clinical manager for the school health program at Children's Hospital Colorado. Resources: Children's Hospital Colorado School Health Website (coming soon!) Colorado Department of Education, School Nursing and Health: www.cde.state.co.us/healthandwellness/snh_home National Association of School Nurses: www.nasn.org/home For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

The transition from adolescent to adult care can often be a series of challenging obstacles for patients, families, and providers. This time of adjustment can be both overwhelming and difficult, especially for patients with congenital health conditions. Moving from a parent supervised visit to an independent patient model takes time and often takes a lot of discussion. In this episode, we are going unpack and inform primary care providers on how they can play a pivotal role in the transition of care. Dr. Daniel Wood is the newest addition to our Urology department here at Children's Hospital Colorado. Resources: Twitter for pediatric healthcare professionals.

Learning how to read is a pivotal point in childhood development. Incorporating reading into a family's daily routine not only helps with brain development, but it also fosters an emotional relationship between children and their caregivers. Pediatric healthcare workers can help promote healthy reading habits by educating and assisting their patients and families at their pediatric well visits. Michelle Shiffman, MD, joins us on this episode to discuss approaches that help families integrate reading into their home lives. Dr. Shiffman is the Medical Director of Reach Out and Read, a nonprofit organization that helps equip families and pediatric practices with the tools and information they need to make reading aloud a daily routine. Guest: Michelle Shiffman, MD, is a pediatrician at Denver Health and the Medical Director for Reach Out and Read. Resources: Reach Out and Read Colorado: https://reachoutandreadco.org For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

There has been an overwhelming amount of change and disruption in the lives of kids over the last few years. Without the foundation of stability and predictability, many children are struggling with an array of anxiety disorders. As part of our ongoing Mental Health Series, Drs. Cassidy McNitt and Benjamin Mullins discuss how to support these kids and make sure they have access to the resources and help they need. Guests: Cassidy McNitt, MD, is an assistant professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry for the Children's Hospital Colorado Consultation and Liaison Service and the Colorado Pediatric Psychiatry Consultation and Access Program. Benjamin Mullin, PhD, is an associate professor of Psychiatry at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and a clinical psychologist. Dr. Mullin is the director of the Colorado OCD and Anxiety Program at Children's Colorado. Today's episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent, Colorado's largest credit union, has a passion for people, not for profit. Ent has more than 45 service centers located up and down the Front Range, including the Denver Metro area and Northern Colorado. Insured by NCUA. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is a common eye infection that presents at pediatrician offices and often keeps kids out of school or daycare. Although conjunctivitis is commonly caused by viral infections, there are other reasons why a patient might get pink eye. As a pediatric provider, it is essential to understand the signs and symptoms of pink eye and to weigh the risks and benefits of prescribing antibiotics. This episode discusses the treatment of conjunctivitis and the role pediatricians play in antibiotic stewardship. Guest: Nicole Poole, MD, is an assistant professor of pediatrics in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of Colorado and the Associate Medical Director of the Antibiotic Stewardship Program at Children's Hospital Colorado. Episode resources: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) website: https://cdphe.colorado.gov/child-care-health-regulations How Sick is Too Sick? (CDPHE): https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RcdCmU4SYXwmVhJrA3Pyk0gP0MTDClkF/view AAP Managing Infectious Diseases in Child Care and Schools: https://shop.aap.org/managing-infectious-diseases-in-child-care-and-schools-6th-edition-paperback/ Ophthalmic antibiotic use for acute infectious conjunctivitis in children: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34737083/ Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (ARTI) Clinical Pathways: https://www.childrenscolorado.org/health-professionals/clinical-resources/clinical-pathways/uncomplicated-acute-respiratory-tract-infections/ For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

We're exploring something different in this episode and intentionally not discussing pediatric care. In this episode we share the incredible story of an enduring friendship between two pediatricians — a friendship that's been both generous and life-changing. Guests: Dr. Jennifer England, a pediatrician with Pediatrics at Cherry Creek, and Dr. Sunit Gill, a pediatrician at Greenwood Pediatrics, both located in Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

As the pandemic continues to shine a light on the mental health crisis in America, the devasting effects of substance abuse and addiction are increasing. Teens across the country continue to use and abuse alcohol, marijuana and nicotine-based vaping, and the rate of deaths linked to fentanyl has hit an all-time high. In the latest episode of our Mental Health series, we are joined by Christian Thurstone, MD, who discusses what's new in adolescent substance use, how it's affecting kids and what providers can do about it. Guest: Christian Thurstone, MD, the Director of Behavioral Health Services at Denver Health and a professor of psychiatry at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Today's episode is underwritten by Businessolver, who is partnering with Children's Hospital Colorado to create a better mental health future for children. Businessolver is creating a mentally healthy, well-educated workplace where diversity, equity and inclusion matter. Together, we can change the state of pediatric mental health.

How do you know if a sacral dimple needs a closer look? Sacral dimples can be nothing at all, or they may be an indication of something more serious, such as tethered cord syndrome, dermal sinus tract or spina bifida oculate. In this episode, learn how sacral dimples should be evaluated and when providers should run more tests or refer to a specialist. Guest: Dr. Mark Erickson is the Medical Director of the Spine Center and the Pediatric Orthopedics Fellowship Director at Children's Hospital Colorado, and a professor in the Department of Orthopedics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Implicit bias and systemic racism contribute to health disparities, and they cannot be accounted for only by the social determinants of health (income, education, marital status, employment, etc.). Everyone brings their own biases and lived experiences to the table, and as physicians, it is our responsibility to recognize the role bias plays in our interactions with patients and team members, as well as within our healthcare system. In the latest episode in our Resident Files series, we talk with Kathryn Kalata, MD, about Health Equity Rounds, an initiative to address bias in the care we provide our patients. Guest: Dr. Kathryn Kalata, a current resident at the University of Colorado. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

Effective communication is needed to ensure the public is getting accurate information when it comes to vaccinations. Over the past few years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we've seen an increase of anti-vaccination sentiment and misinformation. In this episode, we discuss the importance of vaccines, the science behind vaccine development, and the impact of effective communication. This episode was recorded live from the 2022 AAP NCE Conference in Anaheim California. Guest: Dr. Hotez is from Texas Children's Hospital where he is the Endowed Chair of Tropical Pediatrics. Dr. Hotez is a professor at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas A&M University. As both a pediatrician and vaccine scientist, he is a passionate advocate for vaccines in the face of the growing anti-vaccine movement and is certainly a hero for all pediatricians. For more information on Children's Hospital Colorado, visit: childrenscolorado.org

When we think about our basic physiological needs, food, water, shelter, and clothing comes to mind yet oxygen is the crucial element for survival. The brain uses about 20% of the body's oxygen supply, which allows it to perform both conscious and autonomic processes and without oxygen brain damage occurs after three to six minutes of anoxia. Since breathing takes little to no effort for most of us, we often neglect to think about how it affects our daily lives. In this episode, we are going to discuss the importance of breathing and the scale at which children are impacted. We are excited to announce that this episode is part of our women in medicine series where we learn from the stories and expertise of amazing women in medicine. Today, I am so fortunate to be joined by an exceptional woman in medicine, my colleague Dr. Robin Deterding. Dr. Deterding is an internationally known pediatric pulmonologist, executive leader of one of the largest academic and clinical pediatric pulmonary practices for children in the country and a serial entrepreneur committed to improved care models for patients. She is a tenured Professor of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado.

In this series, we have talked about the importance of family-based therapy and family centered care. Today we are going to discuss what family-based care looks like from the perspective of a psychologist and from a Dad. Today, I am excited to be speaking with Julia Barnes, MD and William Mowle. Dr. Julia Barnes is a licensed clinical psychologist at the pediatric mental health institute here at Children's Hospital Colorado. She is the faculty co-chair for Children's mental health family advisory board council and an assistant professor at the university of Colorado school of medicine. Bill Mowle is the parent co-chair for the mental health family advisory council. Today's podcast is underwritten by Alpine Bank, supporters of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Alpine Bank is proud to call Colorado home and is committed to supporting the community through philanthropic initiatives like their Loyalty Debit Card program, where the bank partners with its customers to raise funds to directly benefit Children's Colorado. Learn how you can get involved at Alpine Bank dot com slash CHCO card. Thank you to Alpine Bank for the continued support of Children's Colorado. Resources: https://www.childrenscolorado.org/community/patient-advocacy/family-advisory-council/

A question that commonly presents to those of us in primary care is what role dairy should play in a child's diet. Rich in nutrients and health benefits, most dairy products are key components for building and maintaining strong bones. Today, we are going to be discussing both the blessings and the challenging implications dairy can have on a child's health. Today, I am happy to be speaking with my colleague, Dr. Stephanie Gilley.

Many children struggle with certain behavior challenges such as aggression, impulsivity, and poor listening skills. Although this is normal for a typically developing child, over 90% of children with Down Syndrome experience one or more behavioral problems on a weekly or daily basis. These behaviors not only impact the child, but also can become major stressors for parents and caregivers. In this episode, we are going to talk about the different strategies and methods primary care providers can use to help persons with down syndrome cope with these challenges in order to live life to the fullest. Today, I am excited to be speaking with Dr. Lina Patel and Dr. Monique Germone. Dr. Lina Patel is the director of the Down Syndrome Behavioral Health Collaborative at Children's Hospital Colorado and is an associate professor in the department of Psychiatry at the Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Monique Germone is the associate director of the Down Syndrome Behavioral Health Collaborative and an associate professor at the Colorado School of medicine. Resources: Video Understanding Behaviors in Individuals with Down syndrome https://vimeo.com/617189510 password: childrens Books The Guide to Good Health for Teens & Adults With Down Syndrome Paperback by Brian Chicoine and Dennis McGuire (Available on Amazon) Supporting Positive Behavior in Children and Teens with Down Syndrome, Revised Edition: The Respond But Don't React Method by Dr. David Stein Psy.D. (Available on Amazon) Teaching Children with Down Syndrome about Their Bodies: A Guide for Parents and Professionals by Terri Couwenhoven (in the process of being republished) Potty Time for Kids with Down Syndrome: Lose the Diapers, Not Your Patience by Terry Katz, Ph.D., and Lina Patel, Psy.D. (in the process of being republished) Websites https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/down-syndrome-behavioral-health/ https://www.globaldownsyndrome.org/ https://www.dsmig-usa.org/ https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/down-syndrome/ https://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/linda-crnic-institute

Each year hundreds of children are listed for liver transplants across the United States. Whether these children have chronic liver disease or acute liver failure, too many children spend months or even years waiting for an organ. Historically, deceased organ transplants have been the most common type of organ donation. However, the outcome for many children with chronic liver disease is to experience long wait times with poor quality of life. Too many children die while waiting for a transplant. Living donor transplants have emerged as a new way to care for children with chronic liver disease. Relatives, friends and even strangers serve as living donors to help patients bypass long and uncertain wait times. In this episode, we are joined by two experts from our living donor program to share more about this organ donation option. Today, I am excited to be speaking with Dr. Amy Feldman and Dr. Megan Adams. Dr. Feldman is a pediatric Gastroenterologist and is the Director of the Liver Transplant program here at Children's Hospital Colorado. Dr. Megan Adams is the surgical director of the pediatric living donor transplantation and pediatric transplant clinical reach team here at Children's Hospital Colorado. Resources: https://www.childrenscolorado.org/doctors-and-departments/departments/transplant/liver/

Many people view mental and physical health as two separate and unrelated issues. However, there are many intersections between the two. For example, it is not uncommon for children and adolescents to develop and experience emotions as physical symptoms. Children who experience Somatic Symptoms, or SSRDs, account for 10-15% of medical visits to primary care providers. Today, we are going to be talking about the connection between physical and mental health and how health care professionals can better understand, diagnose, and treat these patients in the medical home. Today, I am excited to be speaking with my colleagues Dr. Lauren Wood and Dr. Beau Carubia. This episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent, Colorado's largest credit union, has a passion for people, not for profit. Ent has more than 45 service centers located up and down the Front Range, including the Denver Metro area and Northern Colorado. Insured by NCUA.

Children these days face a myriad of social pressures. Kids come from different homes and backgrounds. They grow at different rates. They walk, talk, and act differently. This diversity and individualism can be something to embrace, but often leads to insecurities about being different and not fitting in socially. These insecurities can have detrimental effects on the mental health of kids during their formative years. Today I am speaking with Dr. Daniel Flannery and Dr. Seth Scholer. Dr. Flannery is a professor at the Mandel school at Case Western Reserve University, Director of the Begun Center for Violence Prevention, and Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatry. Dr. Scholer is a professor of pediatrics in the division of general pediatrics at Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Happy Holidays from the Charting Pediatrics team!

In past episodes of Charting Pediatrics, we have discussed the health equity challenges that organizations and healthcare systems face and the importance of a diverse workforce. Differences such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status are all associated with the disparities we see in health care systems each day. An important step to help providers close this gap, starts within healthcare professional education. In this episode, we are going to take a deep dive into how health systems can help protect and advocate for the most vulnerable patients of all, the patients in the NICU. Today, I am excited to be speaking with Dr. Paula Dias Maia and Dr. Nicolle Dyess. Dr. Paula Dia Maia is a neonatal-perinatal fellow and was previously one of the leaders of the diversity in pediatrics committee. Dr. Nicolle Dyess works in the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal medicine and is an assistant professor and the University of Colorado. Today's episode is underwritten by Aon, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Aon believes that businesses thrive when the communities they serve flourish. Thank you to Aon for helping our community flourish through this partnership.

About 14 out of every 1,000 healthy infants born full term develop a fever during the ages 8 days to 60 days old. While most fevers do not lead to severe illness, it can be challenging to immediately identify the cause of a baby's fever and identifying infants who may be at risk for developing serious bacterial infections. In this episode, we will discuss the updated AAP guidelines for well-appearing infants between 8-60 days old who develop a fever at or above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). We will take a deep dive into the changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infection in febrile infants, advances in technology, and evolving research strategies. This episode is being broadcasted live from the AAP NCE in Anaheim California. Today, I am delighted to be speaking with Dr. Samir Shah. Dr. Shah is joining us from Cincinnati Children's hospital where he is the Director of the Division of Hospital Medicine and a professor of pediatrics.

Data from multiple countries have shown an uptick in eating disorder presentations in youth during the pandemic. Here in Colorado, we have certainly seen an increase in medically unstable eating disorder patients admitted to the hospital. As part of our series this year on mental health today we will focus on disordered eating, which encompasses a spectrum of different problems in children. I am joined by two experts between them with many decades of experience caring for children and adolescents with disordered eating so this is going to be a lot of fun. This episode is part of our 12-episode mental health series where we aim to give primary care providers useful tools and relevant clinical information to support them in the care of patients with mental health needs. Today I am happy to be speaking with Dr. Amy Sass and Dr. Jennifer Hagman. Dr. Sass works in the adolescent medicine department at Children's Hospital Colorado and is a professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Jennifer Hagman works in the child and adolescent psychiatry department here at Children's Colorado and is professor at the University of Colorado school of medicine. Resources: AAP - https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/147/1/e2020040279/33504/Identification-and-Management-of-Eating-Disorders NEDA – National Eating Disorders Association​ www.nationaleatingdisorders.org​ Families Empowered And Supporting Treatment of Eating Disorders (FEAST)​ www.feast-ed.org​ Academy of Eating Disorders​ www.aedweb.org​ NIH - National Institutes of Health​ www.nlm.nih.gov (Search "Eating Disorders")​ Information on Maudsley Method​ www.eatingwithyouranorexic.com, http://www.maudsleyparents.org/, www.aroundthedinnertable.org This episode is underwritten by Ent Credit Union, a proud supporter of Charting Pediatrics and Children's Hospital Colorado. Ent, Colorado's largest credit union, has a passion for people, not for profit. Ent has more than 45 service centers located up and down the Front Range, including the Denver Metro area and Northern Colorado. Insured by NCUA.