EP.112 農曆的起源/ The Origin of the Chinese Lunar Calendar

本集的YouTube影片有動畫和字幕喔。
This episode’s YouTube video includes animation and subtitles.
https://youtu.be/ysoe2ajM688


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本集背景音樂：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYJEFCFdAaw&list=PL_VIeKkuBzg3AcFMbrexZcdgxBvByfmkL&index=2

農曆的起源/ The Origin of the Chinese Lunar Calendar
大家好，我是平平，今天想給你們介紹農曆的起源。
Hello everyone, I’m Pingping. Today I would like to introduce the origin of the Chinese Lunar Calendar to you.
農曆起源於三千多年前中國的商、周時期，當時主要依據月亮的圓缺來計算月份。
The Chinese Lunar Calendar originated during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in China more than three thousand years ago. At that time, months were mainly calculated according to the phases of the moon.
可是慢慢地，大家發現春天好像跑錯了月份，算算日子，明明應該是春天了，卻還很寒冷，農民伯伯不知什麼時候該播種，大家都很困惑。
However, people gradually discovered that spring seemed to arrive in the wrong month. When they counted the days, it should have been spring, yet the weather was still cold. Farmers did not know when to sow their seeds, and everyone felt confused.
後來才發現應該要配合太陽來確認季節，因此，開始有了簡單的陰陽合曆。
Later, people realized that they needed to follow the sun to determine the seasons. As a result, a simple lunisolar calendar was created.
雖然已經有了簡單的陰陽合曆，可是常出現錯誤，讓農民很困擾。
Although there was already a simple lunisolar calendar, errors often occurred, which caused great trouble for farmers.
到了漢朝，漢武帝看到大家的困擾，就告訴天文學家董仲舒說：「我們要制定一個新的曆法，讓月亮和太陽一起合作，讓季節不再錯亂！」
During the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Han saw the people’s difficulties and told the astronomer Dong Zhongshu, “We must create a new calendar so that the moon and the sun can work together and the seasons will no longer be confusing!”
最後董仲舒果然制定了一套曆法，這個新的曆法就叫作「太初曆」，也就是農曆的前身。
Eventually, Dong Zhongshu did establish a new calendar. This new system was called the “Taichu Calendar,” which became the predecessor of the Chinese Lunar Calendar.
太初曆不但制定了二十四節氣，把季節分得更細，還確定了閏月的規則，使農業活動與季節同步。
The Taichu Calendar not only established the Twenty-Four Solar Terms – which were like micro-seasons – but also set rules for leap months. This allowed agricultural activities to stay in harmony with the seasons.
農民依據節氣播種、收割，提高農作物生產效率。
Farmers could sow and harvest according to the solar terms, improving crop productivity.
此外，政府也確定並統一了重要節日和祭祀的日期，把天文、農業、政治、民俗整合起來，形成完整的社會制度。
In addition, the government standardized the dates of important festivals and rituals. Astronomy, agriculture, politics, and folk customs were integrated into a complete social system.
到了清朝，經過了西方傳教士的幫助，更提高了農曆的精確性。
During the Qing Dynasty, with the help of Western missionaries, the accuracy of the Chinese lunar calendar was further improved.
現在，大家對農曆有更清楚的瞭解了嗎？
Now, do you have a clearer understanding of the Chinese Lunar Calendar?
補充一下喔，目前唯一在現代生活中普遍應用的純陰曆是「伊斯蘭曆」。
By the way, today, the only purely lunar calendar that is still widely used on a large scale is the Islamic calendar.
如果想對陽曆、陰曆和農曆有更清楚的了解，請聽聽第108集喔！
If you would like to understand the Gregorian calendar, the lunar calendar, and the Chinese Lunar Calendar more clearly, please listen to Episode 108!
我們下次見喔！
See you next time!
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