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Are there many types of houses in your country? In my country, there exists a rich history of architectural diversity, and this includes a number of different house types. These range from sprawling suburban houses with manicured lawns to compact urban apartments within towering skyscrapers. There are also traditional house types such as cottages, bungalows and villas. Are there any traditional houses that are still popular in your country? Yes. Traditional houses still maintain their popularity in my country. Can you describe them? The best example I can think of this is the "courtyard house," which is a blend of functionality and aesthetics. These houses typically feature an internal courtyard that serves as a hub for family gatherings and a source of natural light and ventilation. These house types include elaborate woodwork, intricate mosaic patterns and vibrant colours. How have the types of houses in your country changed over the years? Houses in my country have experienced significant evolution over the years. Urbanisation and globalisation have led to the rise of modern housing complexes and innovative designs, embracing minimalist aesthetics and energy-efficient features. Traditional houses have also changed. I find people are painting them in more brightly coloured shades than in the past, and it is not uncommon for people to install skylights to allow in natural sunlight. What is the difference between living in an old house compared to a new house? Living in an old house often fosters a connection to the past, offering a tangible link to history and nostalgia. These houses may boast intricate craftsmanship and unique detailing, yet they might lack the modern amenities and energy-efficient technologies that characterize new houses. Conversely, new houses offer advanced conveniences, efficient insulation, and sleek designs, but they may lack the charm and character inherent in older structures. For what reasons would you prefer to live in an old house or a new house? I would prefer to live in a new house. Old houses might resonate with those who value heritage and a sense of rootedness, but I find new houses appeal to those seeking contemporary comfort, innovative technologies and streamlined living arrangements. I feel more at ease and productive in well-designed newer homes. I think those would be the main reasons I would choose to live in a new house.

Do you work or study? I currently work as a retail sales associate for a well-known store in my city. Where do you work? I work at a hardware store that is located in the bustling commercial district of my city. What do you like about your work? Firstly, I love interacting with different customers daily and assisting them in finding products that suit their needs. It gives me great satisfaction to see customers leave the store happy with their purchases. Additionally, the retail industry allows me to stay updated with the latest trends and products, which aligns perfectly with my interest in home repairs and hobbyist activities. Moreover, the camaraderie among my colleagues creates a pleasant and supportive work environment, making each day enjoyable. What would make your work more interesting? While I find my work already fascinating, I believe it would become even more interesting with the implementation of regular training sessions. Learning about new sales techniques, customer service approaches and product knowledge would help me excel in my role and better serve our customers. Furthermore, having opportunities to attend industry events or participate in merchandising decisions would add a creative and dynamic aspect to my work, making it more engaging and fulfilling. Let's talk about zoos. Have you ever been to a zoo? Yes, I have. There isn't a zoo in my city but I have driven to The Moscow Zoo several times, which is about 90 minutes away. I find zoos to be an enriching experience, offering a wonderful chance to observe and learn about various animal species from around the world. What wild animals are commonly found in your country? In Russia, we are fortunate to have diverse wildlife. Commonly found species include brown bears, wolves, reindeer, elk, and various bird species such as swans, hawks, and falcons. Our vast landscapes also host rare and endangered animals like Siberian tigers and snow leopards. I believe I saw all of these animals at the zoo I was mentioning before. What wild animal from another country would you like to see in the future? One wild animal from another country that I would love to see in the future is the graceful and elusive cheetah from Africa. Witnessing the fastest land animal in its natural habitat would be an extraordinary experience, and it would offer me a profound appreciation for wildlife preservation efforts across the globe.

Talk about a significant personal achievement you had. You should say: -what the achievement was -when and where it happened -the steps you took to accomplish it -and say why it is significant to you Well, one of the most significant personal achievements I had was winning the National Science Fair during my final year of high school. It was a remarkable experience that left a lasting impact on my life. The achievement occurred back in May of 2015 at the state-of-the-art convention center in our city. The National Science Fair is an annual event that attracts top young minds from all over the country to showcase their innovative projects and research. Accomplishing this achievement required months of rigorous research, experimentation, and countless hours of hard work. My project focused on finding an eco-friendly alternative to plastic packaging materials, aiming to reduce environmental pollution caused by plastic waste. The first step I took was extensively researching scientific papers and academic journals, and I sought advice from experts in the field. Then came the testing phase, which involved designing a series of experiments, carrying out numerous trial runs, and recording my findings meticulously. I encountered many sleepless nights, but the support of my family, teachers, and peers kept me motivated. Finally, the day of the National Science Fair arrived. Standing alongside other brilliant young minds, I presented my project to a panel of esteemed judges and visitors. The experience was nerve-wracking, but my passion for my research helped me articulate my findings confidently. When the results were announced, I couldn't believe it—I had won the first prize! This achievement is incredibly significant to me because it reinforced my passion for science and the environment, shaping both my academic and career trajectory. It also solidified my decision to pursue a degree in Environmental Science, which I am currently doing in university.

Talk about an unusual meal you had. You should say – when you had it – where you had it – what kind of meal it was – and explain why it was unusual. I'd like to talk about a rather extraordinary meal I had during my trip to Japan last year. It was an unforgettable experience that took place in a traditional Japanese inn located in the quaint town of Takayama. The meal itself was a traditional Kaiseki dinner, which is a multi-course dining experience renowned for its artistic presentation and use of seasonal ingredients. The meal began with a series of beautifully arranged appetisers, which included some familiar items like sashimi and tempura. But as the courses progressed, I was introduced to a variety of uncommon dishes. One of the most peculiar delicacies was Hoba Miso, a regional specialty where miso paste, wild mushrooms, and vegetables were cooked over a magnolia leaf. The earthy aroma and rich flavours were unlike anything I had tasted before. Furthermore, the chef proudly served a platter which I believe was called Seki-saba, a local delicacy of fermented mackerel. While its intense pungent smell might have deterred some, I decided to embrace the experience fully. To my surprise, the taste was surprisingly complex and utterly delightful. Another dish that added to the uniqueness of the meal was Kuro-udon, which was black udon noodles made with bamboo charcoal. The dramatic colour contrast against the traditional white tableware was visually striking and added an artistic element to the dining experience. What truly made this meal unusual was the combination of the serene surroundings, the artistic presentation, and the rare ingredients. I unfortunately don't think I'll have an experience like this again anytime soon. Trying these unfamiliar and rare dishes opened my eyes to the vast diversity of Japanese cuisine and its strong connection to regional traditions and culture.

Talk about a trustworthy person you know. You should say: -how you met this person -how long you've known this person -why you feel they are trustworthy and say what they did to gain your trust Well, I would like to talk about a person whom I consider to be extremely trustworthy. His name is John, and I first met him during my freshman year of college, which was about five years ago. To provide some background, John and I were assigned as roommates in the college dormitory. From the very beginning, he exhibited qualities that made me feel I could trust him completely. For example, during our first or perhaps second week of living as roommates, I accidentally misplaced my wallet containing important identification documents, credit cards and a considerable amount of cash. Naturally, I was overwhelmed and stressed, fearing the consequences of losing such crucial items. However, without any hesitation, John assured me that we would search for the wallet together. We retraced my steps meticulously and eventually found my wallet tucked away in a jacket pocket I had forgotten about. What truly touched me was John's selfless behavior throughout the process. We did not yet know each other very well, and he could have easily ignored my predicament or even taken advantage of the situation, but instead, he stood by me as a loyal friend. His commitment to helping me, without expecting anything in return, solidified my trust in him. Moreover, John's dedication to maintaining confidentiality further strengthens my belief in his trustworthiness. On numerous occasions, I have shared my personal struggles and concerns with him, knowing that he would keep them in utmost confidence. In summary, through his consistent honesty, reliability and willingness to go above and beyond, John has proved himself to be an incredibly trustworthy person.

What kinds of TV shows do you find interesting? Personally, I find a wide range of TV shows interesting, but I am particularly drawn to thought-provoking documentaries and gripping crime dramas. Documentaries provide me with valuable insights into various subjects, expanding my knowledge and understanding of the world. On the other hand, crime dramas captivate me with their intricate plotlines and suspenseful storytelling. Why do TV shows resonate differently in different countries? TV shows resonate differently in different countries due to cultural, social, and historical factors. Each country has its unique values, traditions, and preferences, which influence the viewers' tastes and perceptions. Additionally, local TV shows often reflect the specific issues and concerns of a particular society, making them more relatable and engaging for the local audience. Thus, cultural context plays a vital role in shaping the resonance of TV shows in different countries. How are TV shows different from movies? TV shows differ from movies in several ways. Firstly, TV shows are typically episodic, consisting of multiple episodes that form a series and allow for character development and complex storylines. In contrast, movies are self-contained narratives presented within a limited timeframe. Secondly, TV shows have a longer duration, often spanning multiple seasons, while movies are typically confined to a single instalment. Additionally, TV shows have the flexibility to delve deeper into their narratives and explore diverse plotlines, whereas movies often focus on delivering a concise and compact story within a limited timeframe. Have TV shows from your country changed compared to the past? Yes, TV shows from my country have certainly changed compared to the past. In the past, there was a more limited variety of TV shows, with a heavy emphasis on traditional sitcoms, dramas, and news programmes. However, with advancements in technology and evolving viewer preferences, there has been a significant shift in content. Nowadays, we witness a surge in reality TV shows, talent competitions, and streaming platforms offering a wide range of genres and formats. This change has allowed for more diversity, creativity, and audience engagement in the television landscape of my country.

Talk about a TV show that is popular in your country. You should say -what show it is -what the show is about -why this show is popular in your country -how you feel about this TV show I would like to talk about a popular TV show in my country, the Philippines, called 'Brothers'. It is a widely acclaimed action-drama series that has garnered immense popularity among viewers nationwide. The show centers around the life of 'Cardo', a courageous police officer, as he fights crime and seeks justice in the bustling city of Manila. Brothers captivated audiences in the Philippines for several reasons. Firstly, the show offers a compelling narrative that combines elements of action, suspense, and heartfelt drama. Each episode presents a new challenge for Cardo, who fearlessly battles corrupt officials, criminal syndicates, and personal adversities. The series keeps viewers hooked with its fast-paced plotlines, intense action sequences, and emotional character arcs. Further, I think Brothers resonates with Filipino viewers due to its relatable themes and portrayal of societal issues. The show sheds light on the struggles faced by ordinary citizens, highlighting the complexities of urban life and the day-to-day challenges ordinary citizens face. It also captures the resilience and hard-working nature of the Filipino people, creating a strong emotional connection with local audiences as well as international audiences that are interested in Filipino pop culture. The success of Brothers can also be attributed to the exceptional performances of the cast. For example, Coco Martin's portrayal of Officer Cardo has become iconic, earning him widespread praise for his dedication and versatility as an actor. Such performances as well as the show's gripping storyline are what kept me on the edge of my seat while I was watching the show, and I am thus hardly surprised that the show gained such legacy in my country. It is for these reasons that Brothers has secured itself as a significant part of the Filipino television landscape.

Where are you from? I am from a vibrant city called Abuja, which is the capital of Nigeria. It's a culturally rich place that attracts people and business from all around the world. Do you work or study? I currently work as a software engineer. After completing my degree in computer science, I joined a respected technology company where I have been working for the past three years. Where do you work? I work at XY Tech, a leading software development firm based in the heart of the city. It's a dynamic and innovative workplace with a strong emphasis on cutting-edge technologies. The company has a reputation for delivering high-quality software solutions to clients across various industries. Do you like your job? Absolutely. I truly enjoy my job as a software engineer. It provides me with the opportunity to work on fascinating projects and collaborate with talented individuals. I find the process of designing and developing software immensely satisfying, and the feeling of creating something that can make a real impact is truly rewarding. What are some of the benefits of doing this job? One of the major benefits of working as a software engineer is the continuous learning and growth opportunities. This job allows me to enhance my technical skills and expand my knowledge base, which is invaluable in today's rapidly changing world. Additionally, because software engineers are in high demand, the job offers a competitive salary and benefits package. I also have a very flexible work environment and the option to work remotely, which are perks I find appealing. Are there any areas where you would like your company to change? While I am quite satisfied with my current company, there are a few areas where I believe some improvements could be made. Firstly, I think it would be beneficial if the company invested more in professional development programmes and licensing opportunities. As I mentioned earlier, continuous learning is crucial in the technology field, and by providing employees with access to the latest courses and workshops, the company can ensure that its workforce remains highly skilled and up to date with emerging technologies. I would also appreciate a more structured approach to our meetings. I usually have several meetings a day and because there is no standard company structure for these meetings, we often go overtime or talk about the same topic multiple times. A standard structure would keep meetings more streamlined and productive. Aside from those items, I can't think of anything else I would change. Thank you.

Why do people give gifts to each other? People give gifts to each other for various reasons. Firstly, gift-giving is a way to express love, appreciation, and gratitude towards others. It allows individuals to convey their feelings and strengthen personal relationships. Additionally, giving gifts on special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries, and holidays is a cultural tradition that brings joy and creates a sense of celebration. Do you think expensive gifts are more meaningful than inexpensive ones? The meaning of a gift is subjective and can vary from person to person. While expensive gifts may be associated with financial investment and perceived luxury, the true significance of a gift lies in the thought and sentiment behind it. Inexpensive gifts can be just as meaningful, as they often reflect personal thoughtfulness, creativity, and understanding of the recipient's preferences and interests. What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving cash as a gift? Giving cash as a gift has both advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that it provides the recipient with the freedom to choose something they truly desire or need, ensuring they get exactly what they want. However, a major disadvantage of giving cash is that it can be perceived as impersonal or lacking thoughtfulness compared to a carefully chosen gift. In your opinion, what makes a gift memorable and special? To my mind, a gift becomes memorable and special when it goes beyond a material object and creates a lasting emotional impact. I guess what I'm trying to say is that personalisation plays a crucial role. A gift that is tailored to the recipient's interests, hobbies or aspirations shows thoughtfulness and consideration. The element of surprise can also enhance the memorability of a gift. Unexpected gestures or unique experiences associated with the gift can leave a lasting impression. Should people feel obligated to reciprocate when they receive a gift? While the act of reciprocating a gift is often viewed as a social norm, I don't think individuals should feel obligated to reciprocate. Reciprocity should stem from genuine appreciation and the desire to express gratitude, rather than a sense of obligation. It is important to recognise that the true value of a gift lies in the act of giving itself.

Describe a time when you received money as a gift from a family member. You should say -when you received the gift -why you received it -what you did with the money -and explain how you felt after receiving the gift On my last birthday, my grandmother surprised me with a generous sum of money as a gift. It was a delightful and unexpected gesture from her, and she explained that she wanted me to use the money in any way I pleased. After receiving the gift, I carefully considered how to utilise the money in a way that would be both meaningful and memorable. I wanted to make sure it would have a lasting impact on my life. Therefore, I decided to invest a portion of the money in my education. I enrolled myself in an online course that I had been eyeing for a while. This course was directly related to my career aspirations, and I knew it would enhance my skills and open up new opportunities for me in the future. Additionally, I decided to allocate a portion of the money towards a long-awaited vacation. I had been longing to take a break and explore a new destination. With the financial gift from my grandmother, I was able to book a trip to a picturesque beach resort. It was an incredible experience, allowing me to relax, rejuvenate, and create beautiful memories. Receiving such a generous gift from my grandmother made me feel an immense sense of gratitude and appreciation. It was not just about the monetary value of the gift but also the thought and love behind it. Knowing that my grandmother cared about my dreams and aspirations, and wanted to contribute to my personal growth, touched me deeply. I will always cherish that memorable day and the impact this gift had on my life.

Do you work or study? I work in the administration office of a university. What kind of routine do you have for work? I begin work every day at 9, try to caffeinate all day long, and leave at 5. No two days are the same. Generally, I start by responding to emails and collaborating with my officemate about the day's priorities, and from there we see what fires we must put out. Who helps you the most at work? My officemate at work is my trusted partner. We work together on all projects that come across our desks. Let's talk about your childhood. Did you like to draw or paint as a child? Drawing was one of my favourite hobbies as a child. I wish I would have pursued it more seriously but in my free time I enjoyed drawing. What did you draw? I typically drew faces; not necessarily portraits of people I knew, but imaginary faces. I used pencil and as I got older I tried to make my drawings more detailed so they would appear more lifelike. Do you still like painting or drawing now, as an adult? I still do, yes. In fact, I began drawing and painting again a few years ago but this time with far more geometrical forms. What do you like the most about painting or drawing? I love having random lines or curves take shape and become a whole. Even when you don't know what you are going to paint, at some point you see something forming and this process is very satisfying. Have you ever visited an art gallery? Of course. It was the galleries and museums I visited as a child that provided me with endless inspiration. Would you be willing to study art in the future? I actually studied art history in university. However, I would be more than happy to study fine arts now, where I could hone my craft and get to a much more impressive level of artistry.

Let's talk about gift-giving in your culture. On what occasions do people receive gifts in your culture? In my culture, many of our social interactions involve gift-giving. Of course, at holidays like Christmas and Easter we exchange gifts. We also give birthday gifts to loved ones. However, we also do something that may or may not be common in other cultures: we always bring a gift to the host when we are invited to someone's home. We are very conscious of showing our gratitude to someone who has opened their home to us, so we like to reciprocate with some type of present. What kind of things do people give as gifts on these occasions? The gifts we bring to people's homes can be sweets, wine, flowers or sometimes even a good luck trinket for the home. The closer the relationship, the greater the price of the gift typically. What is more satisfying, gift-giving or receiving? Why? Everyone loves to receive gifts of course, but in my culture, when someone gives you something, you are then indebted to them, and this obligation can be somewhat stressful. For that reason, I find it more rewarding to give a gift, especially if it is to someone I love and I see that they enjoy what I have given them. That feeling is better than any gift you could receive. What are some things people shouldn't give as gifts? We have a superstition in my country which says you shouldn't give perfume. Supposedly, if someone buys you perfume, you will get into a fight with them. The way to avoid this is for the recipient to quickly give the gift-giver a coin –of small or large value– to avoid the fight. Other than that, I think gifts should be selected with the recipient in mind. Anything that shows a complete disregard for the person should be avoided. So, if you know someone is a staunch animal rights activist, it is utterly insensitive to buy them fur or even leather products.

Talk about a gift you would like to give to a friend. You should say – what the gift is – how valuable it is – and say why you chose this gift I am very fortunate to have my friend, Eva. She has always supported me in all of my endeavours and has believed in me when I have not believed in myself. It is thanks to Eva that I started my own side business creating hand-painted straw hats. So I am a lawyer, an artist and a business person. She even helped promote my work through her social media pages. So, to thank her for everything she has done for me, I would like to gift Eva with a special hand-painted hat. The hat I would paint for her would be black and it would have large tropical flowers painted on the brim. I would use colours like vibrant pinks, turquoise and sunny yellows. It would be a hat perfect to wear in the summer and would coordinate nicely with her wardrobe. There is a great range of prices for these hats, whether they are painted or not. For Eva, I would select one made of natural straw, making it more costly than average. Of course, since the item would be one-of-a-kind and hand-painted, this would increase its value. Eva was the brainchild behind my side business venture, which gives me some extra income while doing something I love. So, to show my appreciation to Eva and for all the support she has given me, I would like to create this hat for her to protect her from the scorching Mediterranean sun while looking chic and as a testament of my gratitude.

Where is your hometown? My hometown is a small city around an hour from here. Do you work or study? I work as a lawyer. What is your day like at the office? Well, no two days are the same. I sometimes have court cases in the mornings or I have to go to various public offices. Otherwise, I begin my day in the office reading briefs or meeting clients. Sometimes my days include all of these activities! Who has helped you the most at work? From a practical standpoint, it was the lawyer I apprenticed with. From a philosophical and ethical standpoint, my father, who is also a lawyer, helped me by shaping my character as a lawyer and teaching me how to be the best professional I can be. Let's talk about dreams. How often do you remember your dreams? I remember them on occasion, usually when I sleep lightly, I have noticed. Do you think dreams have meaning? I don't believe they have meaning other than revealing the thoughts of our subconscious. So, I don't believe they are prophetic or anything. At least, they aren't for me. Do you enjoy hearing about other people's dreams? I like hearing about the ones that baffle the dreamer. I recently helped a friend analyse a dream that had confused him, and he found my interpretation rather enlightening. Dreams with no significance are rather boring though and most dreams I experience are of this variety. Let's talk about mobile phones. Do you use a mobile phone? Absolutely. I don't think I could function without a mobile phone! It is critical not only for my job –as I am always on the go– but in my personal life as well. Now with smartphones you essentially have a minicomputer wherever you go, and I tend to think of this as more of a blessing than a curse. Do you send text messages on your phone? Quite a bit, yes. I find text messages less intrusive than phone calls. When my phone rings I often feel a bit anxious. Text messages, however, communicate things in a far more discreet way and give the receiver the freedom to reply whenever they want. I prefer them for these reasons. Are there places where you can't use your mobile phone? We cannot use them in court of course…and people shouldn't use them in places of worship or quiet environments like cinemas and libraries. There are other places where it is best to limit phone use to activities other than phone calls because these can be rather disruptive. For example, I dislike when people speak on the phone in public transport.

We've been talking about families, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. What can a child do to make their parents proud? I think it depends on the values the family has tried to instil in the child. If the parents have tried to teach the child to be polite, and the child succeeds, the parents will be proud. Likewise, if the parents have emphasised sports or academics and the child excels in one of these, this will please the parents. Is it a good thing to reward children? Apparently, psychologists say that rewards are far more effective in reinforcing behavior than punishment…so in that sense, I suppose rewards are a good thing. I would imagine though that the reward has to be appropriate for the accomplishment. You wouldn't give a child a Porsche for saying please and thank you. Is it good to be rewarded all the time? No, and this is related to what I just said about appropriate rewards. The rewards must be both well-timed and in line with what the deed or behaviour was. Otherwise, the rewards lose their power and the child becomes rather entitled. For example, if a child has been told they will get a gift if they brings home good grades, the parents can determine an age-appropriate gift and give it shortly thereafter. It wouldn't be so effective if the gift came five months later or was something small relative to the effort the child put in. The reward has to help motivate the child I think. At the same time, it's not a good idea to give a child a reward for every little thing he or she does. What makes adults feel proud of themselves? I think adults feel proud when they accomplish a difficult goal or something that seemed insurmountable until they did it. I imagine it is the same for children too. No one feels proud for something that comes easy to them or is a given. It has to be something that required some sort of effort or sacrifice for the result to warrant a feeling of pride. Is this different now compared to the past? Well, I don't believe human nature has changed too much, despite what we may think…so, no, I don't believe there is any difference. The only thing that might be different compared to the past is opportunities to feel proud. I think the previous generations had to worry about basic survival, so a moment of pride must have seemed like a luxury. Can one feel proud because of their job? I think for adults, after their children, work is where most people feel some sort of pride. No matter what job you do there is always something to be accomplished or some challenge to be overcome despite all difficulties. These will provide us with moments of feeling proud. Can someone with a job in sanitation, such as a cleaner, take pride in their work? Certainly. Why should a cleaner be any different? Do they not face challenges or problems? Maybe a cleaner does not broker a million-dollar deal, but they might clean something other people thought was ruined forever. They may place a wager with themselves to do more, and to do it better and faster. When these goals are accomplished, of course they too will feel pride, and rightfully so, in my opinion.

Talk about something your family member has done that made you proud. You should say – who it was – what he/she did – when it happened – and explain why it made you proud I admire all the members of my family for their immense talents – each one is exceptional at something – but most recently I became very proud of my little sister. My sister is 11 years old, and she has been practising tae kwon do since she was four. She is an excellent athlete and despite her age is extremely focused and disciplined. Last month, she was selected to take part in the national tae kwon do tournament, which in and of itself is a very prestigious distinction. She practised every day in preparation for the tournament and made great sacrifices for it. She was even supposed to go to Eurodisney the weekend of the tournament but chose to compete over going on the trip. In the end, she competed and won the gold medal, beating several other girls who were both older and more experienced than her. Her hard work and determination paid off and now she is a nationally ranked tae kwon do athlete. The reason this made me proud was because I think it is truly rare to see a child with so much self-discipline. She has maturity far beyond her years and I am proud because I foresee amazing things for her future.

Where are you from? I am originally from New York City. Do you work or study? Currently, I am pursuing my undergraduate degree in economics at the prestigious New York University. Although my main focus is on my studies, I also engage in part-time work to gain practical experience and support myself financially. When do you feel happy at work? I find happiness at work when I am fully engaged in meaningful tasks that align with my skills and interests. I also like working in a positive and supportive environment with friendly colleagues and I find this enhances my overall job satisfaction. Collaboration, mutual respect, and a sense of camaraderie foster a pleasant work atmosphere and contribute to my happiness in the workplace. Let's talk about friends. Do you have many friends? Although I value quality over quantity when it comes to friendships, I am fortunate to have a close-knit circle of friends who are dependable, understanding and supportive. While the size of my social circle may not be extensive, the depth of the connections I have with my friends is truly meaningful. We share common interests and values, and we actively support each other through life's ups and downs. Is making friends easy for you? I consider myself to be a sociable and outgoing individual, which generally makes it easier for me to make new friends. However, I believe that building deep and lasting friendships requires time, effort, and shared experiences. Thus, while I may find it relatively easy to establish initial connections, forming meaningful friendships requires investment and mutual understanding. What sort of people do you most easily make friends with? I find that I most easily make friends with individuals who share similar interests and values. I also appreciate people who are open-minded, empathetic, and possess a sense of humour. These qualities foster a comfortable and welcoming environment, making it easier for me to connect with them on a deeper level.

Are your daily routines similar to other people from your country? Yes, my daily routines are similar to those of others in my country. We generally follow a consistent pattern of activities throughout the day, such as morning routines, work or school commitments, designated break times, recreational activities, and evening preparations for sleep. Are routines easy to change? Routines can be both easy and challenging to change. It depends on factors like personal motivations, external circumstances, flexibility of commitments, and individual adaptability. Some find it easier to adjust to new routines, while others may struggle. For example, someone with a more structured work schedule may find it harder to modify their routine compared to someone with a more flexible lifestyle. Ultimately, the ability to change routines varies from person to person. At what time of the day do you prefer to carry out your routines? Personally, I prefer morning routines. Starting the day early allows me to be productive, energised, and focused. After waking up, I engage in my morning hygiene routine and have a nutritious breakfast to fuel my body and mind. This helps me feel energised and ready to tackle the tasks and responsibilities that lie ahead. I find the peaceful atmosphere in the early hours further enhances my concentration and sets a positive tone for the day. How do people in your country spend their free time? People in my country engage in various activities during their free time. These include pursuing hobbies, spending time with loved ones, personal development through reading or attending workshops, and utilising technology for entertainment or information. What did people do in their free time in the past? In the past, people engaged in traditional forms of entertainment. Activities such as socialising, playing traditional games, reading books, writing letters, and outdoor pursuits were common. People connected on a personal level and appreciated simpler pleasures. How have current leisure activities changed compared to the past? Leisure activities have significantly changed due to technology and societal shifts. Digital entertainment, such as streaming movies, playing video games, and social media, has become prevalent. Traditional hobbies and outdoor activities still exist but have taken a backseat. Efforts are being made to promote balance between digital engagement and real life experiences, encouraging physical fitness, social interaction and personal growth.

Describe a daily routine in your life. You should say: -what you do -when you started doing it -why you do this routine -and explain whether you will change it in the future and why I would like to talk about my daily exercise routine, which has become an integral part of my life. Every morning, without fail, I dedicate a significant amount of time to physical exercise, helping me maintain a healthy lifestyle. I started this routine approximately five years ago when I realised the importance of regular exercise for both physical and mental well-being. Initially, it was a challenge to incorporate exercise into my daily schedule, but with time and perseverance, it has become an essential habit. I usually engage in a combination of cardiovascular exercises, such as jogging or cycling, followed by strength training exercises using weights or resistance bands. There are several reasons why I adhere to this routine religiously. Firstly, physical exercise helps me stay fit and energetic throughout the day. It boosts my metabolism, improves my stamina, and enhances my overall physical endurance. Further, exercise also plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy weight, which is essential for preventing lifestyle diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Moreover, regular exercise has been proven to have positive effects on mental health, reducing stress and anxiety while promoting a sense of well-being and happiness. Considering the immense benefits I have experienced over the years, I have no plans to change this routine in the foreseeable future. The positive impact it has had on my overall health and well-being is too significant to overlook. Because the benefits I have gained from this routine have greatly exceeded my expectations, I firmly believe that daily exercise will remain a vital aspect of my life.

Talk about a person you want to work or study with. You should say: -who the person is -how you know him/her -what he/she does -and explain why you want to work or study with this person The person I would like to work or study with is my former professor, Dr. Maria Hernandez. I got to know her during my undergraduate years at university, where she was my lecturer for several courses related to my major in psychology. Dr. Hernandez is an accomplished academic with over 20 years of experience in teaching and research. She has published numerous papers in top-tier academic journals and has received multiple awards and accolades for her contributions to the field. Her research interests in social psychology, particularly on group dynamics and intergroup relations, align with my own research interests and aspirations. I would love to work or study with Dr. Hernandez for several reasons. First, she is an excellent mentor who is supportive and encouraging. She has always been approachable and responsive to my questions and concerns, and has provided invaluable guidance and feedback on my academic work. Second, her research expertise and experience would be a valuable asset for any project or collaboration. Working with her would not only enhance my own skills and knowledge, but also provide opportunities for networking and collaboration with other scholars in the field. Finally, Dr. Hernandez's passion for teaching and learning is infectious, and I am confident that working or studying with her would be a stimulating and rewarding experience. In conclusion, Dr. Maria Hernandez's expertise, mentorship, and passion for teaching and research would be invaluable in achieving my academic and professional goals, and I would relish the opportunity to collaborate with her on future projects.

Where do you live? I currently reside in Dhaka. It's a vibrant city with lots to offer in terms of culture, entertainment, and opportunities. Do you like wearing T-shirts? Absolutely! T-shirts are comfortable and versatile, making them a staple in my wardrobe. I find them perfect for casual outings, exercise, or even lounging at home. How often do you wear T-shirts? I wear T-shirts almost every day, especially during the warmer months. They're easy to style and can be dressed up or down, depending on the occasion. What kind of T-shirts do you wear for different occasions? For casual outings or running errands, I usually wear plain, solid-coloured T-shirts. For more formal events, I opt for dressier T-shirts with a subtle pattern or design. I also enjoy wearing graphic tees with quirky prints for a funkier look. Have you ever bought a T-shirt as a souvenir from a place you visited? Yes, I have. I think buying a T-shirt as a souvenir is a great way to remember a trip or experience. I have a collection of T-shirts from various places that hold special memories for me. What do you think of T-shirts with slogans or messages on them? I think T-shirts with slogans or messages on them can be a great way to express oneself or make a statement. However, I do believe that the message should be positive and respectful. I find it inappropriate when T-shirts have offensive or derogatory messages on them.

Is noise pollution an issue where you live? Yes, noise pollution is definitely an issue where I live. There are a number of factors contributing to the noise pollution, such as heavy traffic, construction work, and noisy neighbours. I believe that this is a common problem in many urban areas, and it can have a negative impact on people's quality of life. What do you think are the main causes of noise pollution in our cities? In my opinion, the main causes of noise pollution in our cities are transportation and construction. The increasing number of cars, trucks, and motorcycles on the roads can create a lot of noise, especially during rush hour. Additionally, construction sites can generate loud and persistent noise that can be very disruptive to nearby residents. Can noise pollution affect people's health? Yes, noise pollution can certainly affect people's health. Exposure to excessive noise levels can lead to a range of health problems, such as hearing loss and high blood pressure. It can also cause sleep disturbances, which can have a negative impact on overall health and well-being. How do you think noise pollution affects wildlife? Noise pollution can have a significant impact on wildlife. Many animals rely on sound to communicate, navigate, and locate food, and excessive noise can disrupt these activities. For example, loud noises can scare away birds and other animals from their habitats, making it difficult for them to find food or shelter. Do you think governments should regulate noise levels in public places more strictly? I strongly believe that governments should regulate noise levels in public places more strictly. Excessive noise can have a negative impact on people's health, as well as their quality of life. By implementing regulations and enforcing noise limits, governments can help to mitigate the effects of noise pollution and create a more peaceful and livable environment for all. Thank you. This marks the end of the speaking exam.

Describe a situation where you experienced a lot of noise. You should say: -Where you were -What made the noise -How the noise affected you -And what you did do to deal with the noise I'm going to describe a situation where I experienced a lot of noise. This happened a few months ago when I was visiting a friend who lived near a construction site. The noise was coming from the construction site, where they were building a new apartment complex. The construction was very loud and it affected me in a number of ways. First of all, it was difficult to carry on a conversation with my friend because we occasionally had to shout to hear each other over the noise. Additionally, the noise was so persistent that it was difficult to focus on anything else. I found myself becoming increasingly irritable and frustrated as the noise continued. In order to deal with the noise, we decided to leave the apartment and go for a walk in a nearby park. This helped us to get away from the noise and enjoy some peace and quiet for a while. We also wore earplugs when we were inside the apartment, which helped to reduce the noise somewhat. Overall, the experience was very frustrating, but I learned a lot from it. I realised how much noise can affect my mood and my ability to focus, and I have since become more aware of the noise levels in my environment. If I ever find myself in a similar situation again, I will be sure to take steps to minimise the impact of the noise on my wellbeing. Thank you.

Where are you from? I am originally from the vibrant city of Toronto. What is your hometown like? Toronto is a very dynamic and exciting city with a lot to offer. There are many different neighborhoods, each with its own unique character and charm. Some parts of the city are very modern and bustling, while others have a more historic and traditional feel. Overall, Toronto is a great place to live. Is your hometown peaceful or noisy? It really depends on where you are in the city. Some parts of Toronto are quite peaceful and serene, while others are quite noisy and chaotic. For example, the downtown core can be very noisy due to the traffic and crowds, while some of the residential neighborhoods are much quieter. What are the main sources of noise in your hometown? The main sources of noise in Toronto are definitely the traffic and construction. There are always road repairs being done and new buildings going up, which can lead to a lot of noise pollution. In addition, the city is also home to many events and festivals, and these can be quite loud and busy. Does the noise interfere with your daily life? To some extent, yes, the noise can be a bit of a nuisance at times. However, I have learned to adapt to it and it doesn't really interfere with my daily life too much. I think it's just a part of living in a big city. Do you like places that are peaceful? Yes, I definitely enjoy peaceful places. While I love the excitement and energy of the city, I also appreciate the tranquility of more peaceful environments. It's nice to be able to escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life and just relax in a peaceful setting. Thank you.

Do you often watch movies twice? I would say that I rarely watch a movie twice. However, there are some movies that I have enjoyed so much that I have watched them multiple times. For instance, I have watched "The Shawshank Redemption" a few times because I think it is a classic movie that has a great storyline and excellent performances by the actors. Generally, I believe that watching a movie twice can be beneficial as it allows the viewer to notice certain details that they may have missed the first time around. It also gives them a chance to appreciate the nuances of the film and to develop a deeper understanding of the story. Why do some movies remain people's favourite forever, no matter when they were released? I think some movies remain people's favourite because they have timeless themes and universal appeal. These movies almost always deal with human emotions and experiences that are relatable to people of all ages and cultures. Additionally, these movies often have excellent storytelling, great acting, and memorable characters that resonate with viewers. Furthermore, some movies become classics because they were groundbreaking in their time and have had a significant impact on the film industry, influencing future filmmakers and shaping the direction of cinema. How do people usually choose which movies to watch? People usually choose which movies to watch based on several factors, including their interests, recommendations from friends or family, reviews, and the movie's genre, actors, or director. Some people also choose to watch a movie based on its trailer or promotional media, which can give them a sense of the film's tone and style. Ultimately, the decision to watch a movie is often influenced by personal preferences and individual tastes. Do you think people's taste in movies is influenced by their age, gender or culture? I believe these things can be influential to some extent, yes. For example, younger viewers may be more drawn to action or superhero movies, while older viewers may prefer dramas or romantic comedies. As far as gender is concerned...the women in my family are much more interested in comedy and drama movies than the men. This could perhaps be gender related. Additionally, people's cultural background can also influence their preferences, as different cultures may have different storytelling traditions and styles of filmmaking. However, it is important to note that individual taste is also shaped by personal experiences and individual preferences. Do you think the popularity of certain actors or actresses influences people's choice of movies? Yes, I believe the popularity of certain actors or actresses can influence people's choice of movies. Fans of a particular actor or actress may be more likely to watch a movie simply because their favourite actor is in it. Additionally, the presence of a popular actor or actress can also help to create buzz and generate interest in a movie, especially if they have a large following on social media or are known for delivering great performances. However, it is important to note that the popularity of an actor or actress is not the only factor that determines a person's movie choice. Other factors such as the storyline, direction, and production value also play a significant role. Thank you. This marks the end of the speaking exam.

Describe a recent development in your city. You should say: -what it is -where it is located -how long it took to complete -and explain how you feel about it One recent development in my city that I would like to discuss is the construction of a new public transportation system known as 'The Metro'. It is a much needed addition to our city's infrastructure, providing a safe, fast, and convenient mode of transportation to commuters. The Metro is located in the heart of the city, with stations spread across major areas, and it runs on electricity, making it an environmentally friendly option. The construction of The Metro was a massive undertaking that took over four years to complete. The government had to acquire land, lay tracks, build stations, and install state-of-the-art equipment while ensuring minimal disruption to the existing infrastructure. Despite the many challenges faced during the construction, the end result has been worth it. Personally, I feel thrilled about this development. The Metro has made commuting a hassle-free experience for me and many others in the city. It has not only reduced travel time but has also provided a much needed relief from the exhausting and stressful traffic conditions that we had to endure earlier. Additionally, The Metro has reduced air pollution, making our city a healthier place to live in. In conclusion, the development of The Metro in my city is a positive change that has benefited many. It is a perfect example of how investing in public infrastructure can enhance the quality of life for citizens. I hope that the government will continue to invest in such developments in the future, making our city an even better place to live in.

Describe an area in your home where you feel relaxed. You should say: -what area or room it is -when you spend time in it -why you feel relaxed there -and explain what you do to relax The area in my home where I feel most relaxed is my bedroom. As the name suggests, it is a place where I can retire after a long day to unwind and recharge. I guess this is unsurprising, but I spend most of my time in my bedroom during the evening and night-time. The reason I feel so relaxed in my bedroom is because of the peaceful and cozy environment it provides. The walls are painted in pale shades of blue and green, which I find have a calming effect on my mind. The lighting is also soft and dim. This is actually by design - I bought these lamps because of the warm and inviting atmosphere they create. The furniture, including the bed and the armchair, is comfortable and soft to the touch, making it easy to sink into and relax. When I want to relax in my bedroom, I usually engage in activities that help me unwind. For example, I like to read a book or listen to some soothing music. Sometimes, I also like to meditate or practise yoga, as it helps me clear my mind and release any tension that may have built up during the day. If I am feeling particularly tired, I may even take a nap or get an early night's sleep. Overall, my bedroom is my sanctuary, a place where I can shut out the noise of the world and focus on myself. It is a room where I can find peace and relaxation, and for that reason, it is my favourite area in my home.

Describe a person who dresses well. You should say: -who the person is -how you know him or her -how often you see him or her -and explain why you think this person dresses well I would like to talk about my friend Jack who I believe has a great sense of fashion and dresses exceptionally well. Jack is a friend of mine from university, and we have known each other for over five years. We met during our freshman year, and since then we have been good friends. I see Jack quite often, as we are still in touch even after graduating from university. We usually hang out together every couple of weeks, and I always look forward to seeing him. The thing that sets Jack apart from others when it comes to fashion is his ability to mix and match different styles and create a unique look. He always seems to know what's trendy and fashionable, but he doesn't blindly follow trends. Instead, he adapts them to his own personal style and makes it work for him. He also pays attention to the little details, such as matching the colour of his shoes with his belt. Moreover, Jack's clothes are always well-fitted, which I think is crucial for a person to dress well. His outfits are neither too tight nor too loose, and they always seem to flatter his body type. He also experiments with different colours and patterns and manages to pull them off effortlessly. I think Jack dresses well because he has a great sense of style, pays attention to details, and knows how to dress for his body type. He inspires me to be more adventurous with my own fashion choices, and I'm always excited to see what he'll be wearing the next time we meet.

Talk about an item of clothing that someone gave you. Please say – what it was – when you got it – who gave it to you and why – and explain how you felt about it. About a year ago, my supervisor at work was downsizing to a smaller home and had to get rid of some of her belongings. She had a vast collection of clothes and accessories and gave quite a number of items to me and my colleagues. Amongst the items she gave was a most dramatic overcoat that never fails to impress. My supervisor travelled extensively and purchased this particular piece on a trip to Paris. It was a long overcoat made of black wool felt but had inserts of leather. The leather was embossed with various geometrical shapes that weren't visible from afar but up close were very detailed. As you may imagine, this overcoat could be described as a bit eccentric and I always feel like I belong in some kind of fairytale when I wear it. I am always showered with compliments when I wear this coat. As I have a flair for drama, the coat provides a certain mystique that I rather enjoy. It is a shame that my supervisor had to part with it, but it is quite a stroke of good luck for me!

We've been talking about clothing, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. What influences a person's choice of clothes in your country? I once heard the expression, "dress for the job you want, not the job you have," and it struck a chord with me. I think this posturing essentially drives the choice of clothes in my country. What I mean is people try to project an image of success and wealth, even when that is not the reality. Of course, this is just a generalisation. A great proportion of people just want to be modern and somewhat in fashion but not in an obsessive way. Then, there are the people who wear whatever they have and see clothing as functional and not decorative. On what occasions or national holidays do people put on special clothes? In Korea, we dress for religious holidays, no matter if we are celebrating at home or out with friends and family. Men will wear suits or perhaps even traditional garments. Women will wear their finest clothes and jewellery, and this attire is all part of the fanfare of a holiday. The same applies for major celebrations like weddings and baptisms, where dressing well is deemed a sign of respect. Do you think the fashion industry affects the choice of clothes of different age groups? Of course it does. Yet, I think the customer also affects the fashion industry. A fashion company has to target customers and create with that image in mind. In turn, the customer identifies with the image of a company and will dress accordingly. A high street brand will most likely have a 20-something as its customer, while upmarket brands will create lines to appeal to the needs and wants of an older client. In the end, both customer and company end up influencing one another. Do you think people will start dressing in similar clothes in the future? I think young people will always try to be hip, new and trendy, perhaps even a little bit provocative, while older people will always try to show an air of maturity, seriousness and authority. What that will look like will depend on where fashion takes us but generally speaking, I see this as being a general tenet.

Where are you from? I am from this city. I was born and raised here. Do you work or study? I study medicine at the nearby university. Tell me about your hometown. My hometown is a beautiful small city. It has a lovely waterfront full of famous eateries and cafes. Nearby we also have a region famous for its picturesque mountain villages. What is your hometown most known for? I would say my city is famous for its waterfront. People flock from distant cities to stroll along the seafront and then eat at our famous taverns. There is also a port where boats take people to some of the islands in the region. Are there public parks or gardens in your hometown? Yes there are, but we don't have a big, central park. Instead we have small, neighborhood squares where the facilities vary. Some have playgrounds for children, some have benches and some even have exercise equipment. Do you like going to parks or gardens? I would say that I like going through them. That is, I like walking through them on my way to somewhere else but I don't usually go to the park. It's not usually my final destination. Parks and gardens make the journey more pleasant but they are typically not the end goal, at least for me. What do you do there? When I pass through the parks and gardens, I usually admire the flowers, the trees as they blossom and sometimes even the artwork. In my city, we are fortunate to have various murals and sculptures throughout the many parks of our city. Artists from my country are featured there and it is wonderful exposure for them.

Where are you from? I am from this city. I was born and raised here. Do you work or study? I study medicine at the nearby university. Tell me about your hometown. My hometown is a beautiful small city. It has a lovely waterfront full of famous eateries and cafes. Nearby we also have a region famous for its picturesque mountain villages. What is your hometown most known for? I would say my city is famous for its waterfront. People flock from distant cities to stroll along the seafront and then eat at our famous taverns. There is also a port where boats take people to some of the islands in the region. Are there public parks or gardens in your hometown? Yes there are, but we don't have a big, central park. Instead we have small, neighborhood squares where the facilities vary. Some have playgrounds for children, some have benches and some even have exercise equipment. Do you like going to parks or gardens? I would say that I like going through them. That is, I like walking through them on my way to somewhere else but I don't usually go to the park. It's not usually my final destination. Parks and gardens make the journey more pleasant but they are typically not the end goal, at least for me. What do you do there? When I pass through the parks and gardens, I usually admire the flowers, the trees as they blossom and sometimes even the artwork. In my city, we are fortunate to have various murals and sculptures throughout the many parks of our city. Artists from my country are featured there and it is wonderful exposure for them.

Talk about a creative person whom you admire. Please say – who the person is – how you know him/her – why you think he/she is creative – and explain why you admire him/her. This is an interesting question because I consider myself fortunate to be surrounded by a creative circle of friends but of all of them the most creative person is my friend Erik. I admire him very much. Erik is a friend I met several years ago through mutual acquaintances, and we became fast friends. Although he has a nine to five office job, it is what he does in his free time that is admirable. First of all, he is an amateur singer with an unbelievably good voice. Whenever we go out and there is live music playing, he will always ask the band to play something for him to sing to. Invariably, the applause is deafening. Second of all, he is a painter in his own right. He paints in a rather modern style, preferring geometric, 3-dimensional designs. His creativity does not stop there, however. He paints hats, stones, plates and cups, all with unique, one-of-a-kind designs. These are items that he then sells or gives away to friends and loved ones. In Erik, I admire how multi-faceted he is, how talented he is in various realms, and how openly and freely he shares these gifts. He is unassuming and generous and this makes his talent all the more special.

Talk about a creative person whom you admire. Please say – who the person is – how you know him/her – why you think he/she is creative – and explain why you admire him/her. This is an interesting question because I consider myself fortunate to be surrounded by a creative circle of friends but of all of them the most creative person is my friend Erik. I admire him very much. Erik is a friend I met several years ago through mutual acquaintances, and we became fast friends. Although he has a nine to five office job, it is what he does in his free time that is admirable. First of all, he is an amateur singer with an unbelievably good voice. Whenever we go out and there is live music playing, he will always ask the band to play something for him to sing to. Invariably, the applause is deafening. Second of all, he is a painter in his own right. He paints in a rather modern style, preferring geometric, 3-dimensional designs. His creativity does not stop there, however. He paints hats, stones, plates and cups, all with unique, one-of-a-kind designs. These are items that he then sells or gives away to friends and loved ones. In Erik, I admire how multi-faceted he is, how talented he is in various realms, and how openly and freely he shares these gifts. He is unassuming and generous and this makes his talent all the more special.

We've been talking about creativity, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Are you a creative person? I try to be. I try to write quite a bit, but I don't consider myself particularly talented. For that reason, I have never attempted to write for payment or try to get myself published. What kind of jobs require people to be creative? I actually think most jobs require some kind of creative thinking. Anytime you have to problem solve, a creative solution may be needed. Obviously, tried and true remedies may not be effective and this is when creative thought comes in. Should children learn about creativity? I don't think creativity is something that can be learned - at least not in the way multiplication tables can, for example. Instead, it is a skill that should be fostered and allowed to develop. In no way should it be stifled or inhibited. Children should be encouraged to come up with solutions, ideas, fantasies, to daydream and anything else that allows this portion of the brain to develop. Can creativity be taught? Honestly, I don't believe so. As I said before, it requires encouragement and room to grow and develop. I can't imagine how someone would "learn" to think creatively. I mean, how can you possibly tell someone, "OK, now think of something that is different than anyone has ever thought of before?" What we need to do instead is create an environment where this kind of thinking is supported and allowed to flow freely. Is new technology helping to boost people's creativity? In a way I think it is, yes. It is giving people who may not have been able to express themselves in old ways an outlet to do something artistic. For example, even though I am not a skilled photographer, I enjoy taking photographs. However, what I really like is editing them in various applications which give me unlimited opportunities for creative expression. You can have pink skies, red waters and countless other variables to create an endless number of variations of one original image. Since I am by no means an artist in the traditional sense, these opportunities would not exist for me without technology.

We've been talking about creativity, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Are you a creative person? I try to be. I try to write quite a bit, but I don't consider myself particularly talented. For that reason, I have never attempted to write for payment or try to get myself published. What kind of jobs require people to be creative? I actually think most jobs require some kind of creative thinking. Anytime you have to problem solve, a creative solution may be needed. Obviously, tried and true remedies may not be effective and this is when creative thought comes in. Should children learn about creativity? I don't think creativity is something that can be learned - at least not in the way multiplication tables can, for example. Instead, it is a skill that should be fostered and allowed to develop. In no way should it be stifled or inhibited. Children should be encouraged to come up with solutions, ideas, fantasies, to daydream and anything else that allows this portion of the brain to develop. Can creativity be taught? Honestly, I don't believe so. As I said before, it requires encouragement and room to grow and develop. I can't imagine how someone would "learn" to think creatively. I mean, how can you possibly tell someone, "OK, now think of something that is different than anyone has ever thought of before?" What we need to do instead is create an environment where this kind of thinking is supported and allowed to flow freely. Is new technology helping to boost people's creativity? In a way I think it is, yes. It is giving people who may not have been able to express themselves in old ways an outlet to do something artistic. For example, even though I am not a skilled photographer, I enjoy taking photographs. However, what I really like is editing them in various applications which give me unlimited opportunities for creative expression. You can have pink skies, red waters and countless other variables to create an endless number of variations of one original image. Since I am by no means an artist in the traditional sense, these opportunities would not exist for me without technology.

Where are you from? I am from Lagos, the capital city of this country, Nigeria. Do you work or study? I recently graduated university and started my first professional job. What do you do? I work in an international engineering company as the administrative assistant for the sales department. Do you like barbecue parties? To be completely honest, no, I don't like them very much. This is something we do in this country quite a bit in the summer but because of the heat I find it far too tedious for my liking. Did you have barbecue parties in your childhood? I grew up in an apartment building so this was not something I was familiar with, but as I have got older and have met friends with homes in the suburbs or summer homes in the country, this has become more commonplace. What is the best place for a barbecue? Clearly somewhere cool with a lot of shade. I recently attended a barbecue at a friend's summer home by the sea. The sea breeze made the evening comfortable and the view of the water was relaxing. I suppose this is the ideal setting for a barbecue. What type of food is the best for this occasion? In this country, we typically grill various meats like beef or lamb. Sometimes we grill chicken too. However, I really enjoy grilled vegetables like aubergines or courgettes. Some people also grill goat cheese wrapped in aluminum. How often do you cook on a barbecue? Personally, because of my accommodations, I don't barbecue at all but typically I'm invited two or three times per summer for such cook-ups. Does anyone help you when you cook on a barbecue? Well, I'm not usually the main cook, so it's more me helping someone else. I try to help by preparing a salad, preparing appetizers or setting the table.

Get support materials for this lesson here: https://ieltsielts.com/2022/07/04/lesson-59-a-walk-you-enjoyed%f0%9f%9a%b6%e2%99%80%ef%b8%8f/ Describe a long walk you enjoyed. Please say – where you walked – who you walked with – when you walked – and explain why you enjoyed the walk. Last year when our country was in lockdown, my best friend and I made a wonderful habit of walking on the weekends. We would set out from our homes and typically walk along the waterfront, which is lovely. However, there were several occasions when we decided to venture even further and it was worth the effort. On one particular day last March, we walked all the way to the marina of the nearby suburb. This is about one hour from our homes. My friend, Lina, and I set a good pace from the beginning and admired the beautiful weather, the sea and the onset of spring. All the while, we were talking about our studies, families and our personal lives. We began our walk around 10:00 in the morning so by the time we reached the marina, the sun was fully up and the day was warm. When we got to the marina, we admired the various boats, and the warm sea air hinted at summer. The day was fragrant with the aroma of spring flowers and it felt like the earth was renewed after such a dismal winter in lockdown. I guess you could say that after a depressing winter this walk filled us with a sense of hope and renewal, like a promise that better days were just on the horizon.

We've been talking about an outdoor activity, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Do you like spending time outdoors? Yes I do actually. I love biking, walking and just dining al fresco when the weather is nice. Fortunately, in this country, the weather avails itself to all sorts of outdoor activities from physical exercise to socialising with friends. Are there any benefits to outdoor activities? Of course! First of all, if you are engaging in exercise outdoors, this is good for overall health. Second of all, being out in the sun is beneficial because our bodies need vitamin D for good health. This must be done with caution of course, but I recently read that people in this country suffer from a vitamin D deficiency, so it is in our best interest to cautiously spend time outdoors. Lastly, as we often socialise outdoors at cafes, restaurants and even park benches, this is an important practice through which we can reduce stress levels. So, being outside is incredibly beneficial in a variety of ways. What outdoor activities are popular in your country? Well, I have mentioned several of them but of course there are more like sailing, swimming or playing tennis. Those in the country enjoy hiking or horseback riding. Then, it would be remiss of me to neglect to mention our national sport: football, which is enjoyed by all ages. What kind of outdoor activities were popular in the past? I think the only things that have changed are activities that have been brought to this country from abroad, like tennis. However, we have been known for our love of outdoor sports since antiquity. As far as I know, even activities associated today with the indoors, like wrestling, took place outside. Other activities like eating outdoors or sailing have also been a part of this culture for centuries. What type of outdoor activities will people like to do in the future? I can't imagine these activities changing a great deal but if I had to picture some kind of science fiction scenario, I would say that perhaps people will fly for fun. One might say that we already do that but what I mean by that is just as today we might take a boat, train or car ride for leisure, perhaps there will be flying contraptions that allow us to take a short flight over the sea front or over a nearby hill, just to get a bird's eye view of the area. I think a lot of people would enjoy something like this. Thank you. That is the end of the speaking exam.

May I see your ID? Here you are. Where are you from? I am from a city in China. It's about an hour's drive outside of Shanghai. What is the name of your hometown? It's called Suzhou. There is actually more than one Suzhou in China. Mine is the one in Jiangsu province. What are some important features of your hometown? Well, like many cities in China, Suzhou is very old and has several ancient landmarks, such as the Humble Administrator Garden, which I believe is about a thousand years old now. We also have a district that is made up entirely of a network of canals. The area is understandably sometimes referred to as the 'Venice of the East'. We also have a growing business district lined with skyscrapers, so I think a central feature of Suzhou is its blend of historical sites and contemporary architecture. Can you describe your home? I live in a simple one-bedroom apartment that has a large window in the living room with a view of the sunset. I really like the colour green, so I think most of the furniture has at least a little green in it. I also have several houseplants which help keep my apartment feeling fresh. Let's talk about sports. What kind of sports do you like? I'm actually not a big sports person. Once in a while, I'll play football with my friends in the park or hit a birdie back and forth with a badminton racket, but that's about it. I do a lot of walking either on my own or with a friend, so if that counts I would say that's my favourite sport. Do you watch live sports? I do but only when a really exciting sporting event is happening. For example, when the World Cup is on, I watch many of the matches live. I occasionally catch a Formula 1 race live too, but I don't watch it enough to know much about the teams or drivers. I went to several basketball matches in Shanghai when I was a teenager, and I think these are the only live sporting events I've seen in person. Do you think sport audiences today have changed compared to the past? Yes, in many ways they have. In the past, sporting audiences were very localised. What I mean is you watched and discussed a sporting event with your friends or family, whereas now people watch sports streamed live online and discuss what's happening with international viewers from around the world. I recently saw a sports commentator that was streaming his comments live while interacting with viewers from around the world. This is a clear difference compared to the past. However, I would say the audience's spirit and passion for the game hasn't changed, and I don't think it ever will.

Talk about something that helps you save time. Please say: -what it is -when you use it -why you use it -and explain why you believe it helps you save time One item that helps me save time is a calendar that I have hanging up in my kitchen. This calendar is painted on a whiteboard, so every few weeks I erase everything I had previously written and populate it with my schedule for the coming month. Because it is large and in a central part of my home, I essentially use it all the time. It is usually one of the first things I look at in the morning, and because I work from home I refer to the calendar several times throughout the day. I feel the calendar keeps me organised and ensures I do not schedule overlapping events. This helps me budget my time and clearly designate moments in my day when I can relax. If I know my schedule is comprehensively laid out, I don't waste time worrying about it. Plus, it is much easier to use than an app on my phone. Changing anything on the calendar only takes a few seconds, so I suppose this saves me additional time. In addition to this, it communicates my professional commitments to my other family members. They can clearly see when I am working and when I am free, so this saves time by minimising work time interruptions.

We've been talking about time, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Why don't people have enough time nowadays? I think there are several reasons for this. Firstly, I believe instant messaging technology has made it difficult for people to disconnect from their professional lives. For example, it's hard to ignore a request from a coworker if they can see through an app that you are online. Further, in my country, life in general has become more expensive and this has demanded people commit more time to their professions. Often, both partners in a household need to work, which means household chores must be done in their free time. Is it necessary for people to relax during the working day? I think people should have the option, yes. Among jobs where a worker's alertness is a safety concern, such as an airline pilot or a surgeon, periods for recuperation are enforced by law. Long stretches of non-stop work, especially strenuous work, can have serious health effects as well. Further, I think people are more productive when they are given short breaks throughout their workday, so it's not only good for the wellbeing of the worker, but also the wellbeing of their organisation. How can people achieve better work-life balance? First and foremost, it's important to allot time in your schedule where you completely disconnect from technology. People should regularly put their devices on silent and avoid interruption, or leave these devices at home when they do short errands or exercise outdoors. I would even go so far as to declare to work colleagues the timings at which you can't be reached, whether that's lunchtime, evenings or weekends. People should also prioritise work-life balance by writing clear goals for the important relationships in their lives. For example, parents should actively strive to be mentally present when speaking to their children. Does current technology cause people to waste time or save time? It does both. It makes it possible to communicate instantly with people, which could be helpful if you want to tell your friend you need to urgently change some plans. However, it's also a source of a tremendous amount of distraction. I mean, it's so common nowadays to be talking in person with someone only to receive a mundane mobile notification. I guess I would have to say that technology wastes as much time as it saves!

Do you live in a house or an apartment? I live in a house in the eastern part of Shiraz. What is your favourite room? I would have to say my bedroom. It's cozy and decorated in relaxing pastel colours. It also has a double-paned window and blackout curtains, so I almost always sleep well. Do you usually use a watch? I don't, actually. I own a nice watch that my father gave me, but it's more of a family heirloom than something I regularly wear. I think the last time I wore it was to a wedding last year. What do you think about people who wear expensive watches? I think people should have the freedom to wear whatever jewellery they want. I don't feel that people who wear expensive watches are necessarily doing it to show off or be pretentious. If they own a nice watch and enjoy wearing it then more power to them. Let's talk about talents. Do you have a talent? Hmm I need a moment to think of one. I suppose I could say I'm a talented chess player. A few years ago, I competed in my city for a chance to join our national team. I didn't qualify, but just playing in this tournament put me among the top 10 chess players in Shiraz. Were you especially good at something when you were a child? Well, I was also good at chess as a child, but aside from this I had an especially good memory. At the age of 8, I could recite pi to 100 digits. A few years later, I could examine a Rubik's Cube and then solve it from memory while blindfolded. My strong memory was an abnormal talent but one that came in handy during my schooling days. Does your talent help you at work? My memory is still good, but it isn't nearly as strong as it used to be. I am an engineer, and I work with numbers a lot and I suppose my memory does help me do calculations in my head very quickly…but my job also demands creativity and lateral thinking, so unfortunately my talent doesn't help much with this.

Talk about something in your home that was broken and then repaired. Please say -what it was -when it broke -why it broke -and explain how it was repaired Earlier this year, at the start of spring, I pulled my bicycle out of my basement. I store it there during the winter. When I went to ride it, I realised the back tyre was completely flat, and I couldn't seem to reinflate it with my bicycle pump, so I knew it had been punctured either when I was putting it into storage or taking it out. My basement is small, so I have to cram my bicycle in among my other things. There are all sorts of random bits and bobs down there, so I'm pretty sure one of these other items caused the hole in the tyre. To fix it, I took it to a bicycle repair shop. The repairperson removed the flat tyre's rubber inner tube and submerged it in water to locate the hole. By squeezing this part of the tyre while it is underwater, the punctured area emits bubbles and the repairperson can see precisely where the hole is. The repairperson fused a rubber patch over the hole using an adhesive and then submerged the tubing again underwater to ensure the leak had been fixed. They then reassembled the tyre, reattached it to my bicycle and I was on my way. Amazingly, the whole process took maybe 15 minutes and was very reasonably priced.

(Note: The candidate spoke about a repaired bicycle tyre in Part 2 of this exam. The examiner asks follow-up questions about this topic here.) We've been talking about restoring a broken item, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Does it still work? Knock on wood, yes it does! Whatever adhesive the repairperson used to seal the patch over the hole really did the trick. I've been riding my bicycle for months since the repair and haven't had any trouble at all. The tyre is as good as new, so I'm certainly glad I didn't go with my first instinct which was to replace the whole tyre! Why do people neglect things and don't repair them? I feel people do this for many reasons. In some instances, repairing an item might be costly or involve tracking down specialised parts, such as rare engine parts for a vintage sports car. In other situations, it might actually be cheaper and more desirable to buy a newer version of the broken item. When my brother's Playstation video game console broke down after several years of use, he didn't bother repairing it and instead put the money towards upgrading his console to the newer Playstation 2 model! Do you think that in the past product quality was higher? It definitely was. My grandmother still uses a sewing machine she bought in the 1970s. In fact, I can think of multiple products she has in her home that are several decades old and still work perfectly fine. I think the problem is that modern products are designed to be replaced after only a few years of use. These shorter product lifecycles mean consumers make repeat purchases of the same item, and this translates to more money for the business. I mean, look at mobile phones. People just expect to replace them after two or three years of use! This sort of consumer behaviour was uncommon in the past because people's expectations of quality and longevity were different. Do you think that expensive products last longer? I suppose in some cases they do, but it really depends on the product. In my experience, expensive kitchen appliances typically last longer than cheaper alternatives. I bought an inexpensive microwave when I was in university and I barely got two years out of it, but the more expensive microwave I bought after I got married is eight years old and still going strong. Cars, however, are a different story. My wife's reasonably priced Toyota has had only a fraction of the problems of my more expensive Ford! Thank you. That is the end of the speaking exam.

Where are you from? I am from a suburb of Hanoi. It's in the north of the city. Do you like taking photos? I love taking photos. I don't have any professional photography equipment, but I have a few apps on my phone that allow me to capture colours and movement accurately and without blurriness. What do you like to photograph, people or nature? I would say people. When I'm travelling, I like to take pictures of interesting places and objects, but I find these photos are more personal when they include my friends or people I care about. It also helps me remember what we were doing or how we were feeling when the picture was taken, which is a pleasant way to relive the experience. Let's talk about cars. Do you think the colour of a car is important? I'm not super interested in cars, so to me personally the colour is not that important. However, certain colours, like mustard yellow or gold, look awful in my opinion, and I would imagine these colours would make reselling the car difficult. That's about the extent to which I worry about the colour of a car. What kind of car would you like to have in the future? I'm mostly concerned with reliability - how long can I use the car before it starts breaking down? My brother bought a Mitsubishi Pajero a few years ago and has had no trouble with it, so were I to buy a new car I think I would probably follow suit. I like camping, so the larger frame of this model would make it easy for me to pack in all my things. Do you enjoy car trips? As I mentioned, I like camping but I'm not crazy about the long drive to get to the campground. I'm quite tall, so my legs often don't fit comfortably in a car. Also, I sometimes find the motion of the car can make me feel a bit queasy. Do you prefer being a driver or a passenger? Neither I guess! But if I had to choose I would say the driver only because being in control of the car can help me with my motion sickness. It's nice to have something to do on a long journey as well. If I'm the passenger, I'm more likely to get bored.

Talk about a time when you visited a new place. Please say -where you were -why you went there -what you did -and explain how you felt in that place About a year ago, my friend and I took a train across our city to visit a public park we had never been to before. We were a bit on the fence about going because the weather forecast called for rain, but the park was hosting a 'food festival' on that day only so we decided to chance it. Luckily, not only did the rain stay away but it actually turned out to be a rather pleasant afternoon and we even got some sunshine! The festival featured numerous stalls where people from across the country cooked traditional foods from their region. My friend and I are both from Hanoi, so we were already familiar with most dishes, but it was nevertheless enjoyable to find grilled items and sauces that we hadn't eaten in a long time. I remember having some traditional pastries with spicy dipping sauce and a little later in the day we both enjoyed a selection of barbecued seafood and meats. Some of the flavours brought me right back to my childhood. I think we both found it hard not to feel a little nostalgic! The park is really beautiful and has many scenic walkways, and this gave us the opportunity to stroll around leisurely and stop at times to admire the pond or just watch what other people were doing. We didn't really do much aside from this, but I found the whole experience calming and refreshing. There were a few buskers performing funny skits and I recall some people practising softly on musical instruments, which gave the afternoon an even more relaxing aura.

We've been talking about visiting a new place, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. What part of the festival did you most enjoy? I liked the foods and the relaxed atmosphere of the festival, but I think what I enjoyed most of all was being able to experience it with my friend. We chum around together regularly, and yet I never grow tired of her company. At the festival, we shared a few good laughs and talked about the foods that were on offer. We also reminisced about old times. What is another new place you would like to visit? There are many new places I would like to visit. I suppose I would most like to see old historical sites in the UK, such as Hadrian's Wall or Stonehenge. We have ancient sites like these in Vietnam too, but the past few years I have been especially interested in learning about British history and culture, and I'd really appreciate the opportunity to see such historic places first hand. Is there anything that would discourage you from visiting a new place? I suppose if I read online reviews that questioned the safety of an area…or its accessibility I might think twice about going. I'm pretty adventurous, but I would never sacrifice my sense of security for a new experience. Some things are just not worth the risk. I'm also not interested in visiting places that are known for being excessively pricey. I don't feel that expensive travel plans necessarily mean you're going to have a more rewarding trip. In fact, some of my greatest memories are from times when I travelled on a shoestring and had to eat locally, try to interact in a foreign language, and walk instead of taking a taxi. Do people travel differently now compared to the past? Yes, there are many differences. International travel infrastructure has spread to even the most remote corners of the planet, and this means more people are travelling and they are travelling further than ever before. Airports have grown to phenomenal sizes too, and with this has come 'duty free' commercial culture, where people associate international travel with the opportunity to pick up goods that aren't taxed. These characteristics are a relatively recent phenomenon and not part of travel experiences of the past.

Where are you from? I am originally from a city two hours away from here, but for the last 20 years I have called this city home. Describe the house or apartment you are living in now. I live in a relatively small flat. It has two bedrooms, a bath, a living area and a kitchen. There is a park in front of the building, so I get to enjoy the view of trees and flowers from the window. Do you have a favourite room? I would say the second bedroom is my favourite because that is where my computer is and where I play video games, listen to music – it is where I go to unwind. It also houses my collection of vinyl records which is near and dear to my heart. Is there anything you would change about your home? I do enjoy my view but I have always wanted a house along the sea, so I would probably change the location of my home, if anything. Fortunately, the sea is only a few minutes away from my flat, so I've managed to make do. Let's talk about your hometown. Are there any old buildings in your hometown? There are quite a few actually, and they are recognised by UNESCO as having historical significance. Some of these buildings date back to Roman times. I guess you could say my hometown is an open museum and tourists from all over the world flock to the city to see its sites. Can you describe any old buildings in your hometown? Well, the famous walls of the city are some of the oldest structures where I live. There used to be seven kilometers of stone wall, but now only four remain. Soldiers would watch from the fortresses to warn of any invaders coming from either land or sea. Nowadays, locals and tourists visit the walls to see the site but also to enjoy breathtaking views of the city and the sea below.

Talk about someone you follow on social media. Please say -who the person is -why you follow him/her -what content he/she posts on social media -and explain why you find him/her interesting I have only recently started following celebrities and other public figures on social media. Up until now I reserved "following" and "friending" only for people I actually knew. However, I learned of an American woman who moved to this country some years ago and I have begun following her. Her name is Mary and she is a chef. I have been told she has a cooking show in the US which features cuisine from this country, Greece. I have never seen the show, but on social media she posts dishes she prepares with fresh, local produce, delicious cheeses, fish and meat. It intrigues me that a woman from across the pond has learned everything she can about our cuisine here and then presents it to her audience thousands of miles away. She generally advocates a healthy diet and lifestyle and through her foods, takes us back to simpler times when people prepared and enjoyed traditional food together. She also features various small, high-quality producers from Greece, which is both informative and helpful to me as a customer but also a great service to the producer since their products get known to a much wider audience. I find her and her social media presence interesting because she has taken the best of our cuisine and distilled it, keeping it pure and genuine while introducing it to the world.