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Where are you from? I am originally from Tokyo, Japan. It's a bustling metropolis known for its advanced technology, rich culture and vibrant lifestyle. Do you live in a big city or a small town? I currently live in a big city. Tokyo is one of the largest cities in the world, with a population of over 13 million people. Do you live in a quiet or busy area? I live in a relatively busy area of Tokyo. It's a commercial district with a lot of shops, restaurants and offices, which means there's always a lot of activity and movement throughout the day. Let's talk about neighbours. Do you have any neighbours? Yes, I do have neighbours. Living in an apartment building means that I'm surrounded by several other residents on the same floor and throughout the building. Do you know your neighbours well? I wouldn't say I know them very well, but we are on friendly terms. We exchange greetings regularly and occasionally have brief conversations when we meet in the common areas or elevator. How long have you been neighbours with these people? I've been living in my current apartment for about three years now, so I've been neighbours with most of these people for the same duration. Do you consider yourself a good neighbour? Yes, I believe I am a good neighbour. I make sure to be considerate of others by keeping noise levels down, maintaining a tidy living space, and being polite and respectful in my interactions. I think these small actions contribute to a positive living environment for everyone. Thank you.

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Access a full transcript and all support materials here! https://ieltsielts.com/2024/06/03/lesson-158-a-situation-when-people-congratulated-you%f0%9f%a5%b3/ Describe a situation when people congratulated you. You should say: -what you did -when it was -how they congratulated you and explain how you felt about it I'd like to talk about a situation when people congratulated me. This occurred last year when I successfully completed a challenging project at work. The project involved developing a comprehensive marketing strategy for a new product our company was launching. It was a significant undertaking as it required not only a deep understanding of the market but also innovative thinking to differentiate our product from the competition. I worked tirelessly for three months. I conducted extensive market research and coordinated with various departments. The end result was a marketing campaign that was highly profitable for the company. The moment of recognition came during our annual company meeting last December. The CEO, in front of the entire company, highlighted the success of the project and praised my efforts specifically. He then invited me to the stage to receive a certificate of excellence. The congratulatory gestures didn't stop there. My colleagues gave me a standing ovation, and many came up to me personally after the meeting to shake my hand and offer their heartfelt congratulations. It felt great to be recognised, and I also felt an overwhelming sense of pride and accomplishment. The experience not only boosted my confidence but also motivated me to continue striving for excellence in my work. Having my peers congratulate me in this way reinforced my belief in the importance of dedication and hard work.

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Access this lesson's support materials: https://ieltsielts.com/2024/05/13/lesson-155-an-appliance-you-use-daily%f0%9f%94%8c/ Talk about an appliance that is used daily in your home. You should say -when you bought it -who in your home uses this appliance the most -how this appliance is useful to you and give some advice about this type of appliance I'm going to talk about an appliance my family and I use every day in our home, and that's our trusty coffee maker. We got it approximately two years ago when we moved into our current residence. I live with my parents and out of all of us, I would say that I'm the primary user of this appliance. As an avid coffee drinker, I rely on it to kickstart my mornings and keep me energised throughout the day. My mother and father do use it from time to time, but they definitely don't use it as much as I do. Our coffee maker is useful because it greatly simplifies the process of making coffee. Before we got this appliance, I would have to manually boil the water and strain the coffee into a cup. With the coffee maker, all I have to do is add water, a paper filter and some coffee grinds and the coffee maker does the rest in about 10 minutes. Its convenience saves us considerable time and money compared to frequenting coffee shops. For those considering purchasing a coffee maker, I would offer a few pieces of advice. Firstly, invest in a model that aligns with your preferences and lifestyle, whether it's a basic drip machine or a more sophisticated espresso maker. Secondly, prioritise quality over price. Buying a durable coffee maker will save you from having to replace a cheap one every few years. And lastly, don't underestimate the importance of regular cleaning to ensure optimal performance. I have to say that our coffee maker is no longer just a household appliance. It's a valuable tool that has enhanced our daily lives in more ways than one.

Access this lesson's support materials: https://ieltsielts.com/2024/05/06/lesson-154-transportation%f0%9f%9a%87/ Do you work or study? I actually do both at the moment. I study business administration and am currently working at a small cafe near my apartment. Where are you from? I'm from this city, London. I'm very much a proud Londoner, and to me London is a place that will always feel like home. What type of job do you have? My job is not very exciting. I wash dishes in the cafe I was mentioning. It's really just a job to help fund my schooling. Is it easy to find a job in your hometown? I think it depends on what you're looking for. Securing employment in London can be competitive in specialised fields, but other industries are desperately in need of workers. For example, I got my job at the cafe just by asking whether they were hiring. They gave me the job on the spot! So I think the time and effort required to find a job really is relevant to the type of work a person is pursuing. Let's talk about transportation. What type of transportation did you use to get to your test centre today? Today, I used the subway to reach this test center. In London, we lovingly call it 'The Tube' and its known for its punctuality, cleanliness and extensive coverage of the city. Do you usually use this form of transportation? Yes, I frequently rely on the Tube for my daily commute. Its reliability and efficiency make it my preferred mode of transportation for navigating the city's busy streets and reaching my destination in a timely manner. Are there any forms of transportation you prefer not to use? While I appreciate the convenience of most transportation options available in London, there are certain forms I tend to avoid, such as buses. During peak hours, the buses in London are way too crowded for comfort. I'm also not a fan of taxis. I just find them overpriced and not much faster than other transportation types. Those would be the two I'd most prefer not to use. Thank you.

We have been talking about water, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. What water-based activities are popular in your country? Hmm in my country, along the coast, activities such as swimming, surfing and snorkeling are very popular. Inland, our lakes and rivers attract people who are interested in fishing, kayaking and leisurely boating. Water-based activities are actually quite central to our culture, especially during the warmer months, and people like to use them as a convenient excuse to socialise. What are some safety precautions people should take when doing activities near water? First and foremost, individuals should learn some essential swimming skills. Even if they are good swimmers, they should also wear appropriate flotation devices, particularly in deep waters. Additionally, people should only do water-based activities in properly designated areas. For example, it would be very unsafe to swim alone in areas that are not patrolled by lifeguards. A final precaution would be to keep abreast of weather forecasts. By adhering to these precautions, individuals can safeguard themselves and others while doing water-based activities. Is boating a safe water activity? Boating, when undertaken with adherence to safety protocols, can indeed be a safe and enjoyable water activity. However, it is imperative that boaters use life jackets to hedge the risks associated with capsising. Furthermore, following navigational rules, such as observing speed limits, is crucial for accident prevention. Do people in your country like to travel by boat? Yes. It's not nearly as popular as land-based transportation, but people nevertheless still love to travel by boat when they have some free time. I think the main motivator for this is that it allows them to take a break from their everyday routine. Do you have rivers and lakes in your country? Yes, rivers and lakes are abundant in my country. Rivers meander through the valleys and often connect to the lakes. They're all quite scenic and filled with all sorts of animal life. Do the factories in your town affect its water? The impact of factories on water quality is an ongoing concern in many towns, including mine. Townspeople are concerned industrial discharge and runoff could harm wildlife and possibly even jeopardise public health. We've pushed our municipal government to regulate industrial activities, and today there is greater public awareness of the waste-types these factories produce.

Describe a profession you know that is done near or in water. You should say: -What the profession is -Where it is typically done -Why it is important and say what skills or qualifications are required to do this job The profession I want to talk about is that of a marine biologist. Marine biologists are scientists who study life in the oceans and other saltwater environments. They conduct research to understand marine organisms - their behaviours, habitats and ecosystems. Marine biologists typically work in or near water bodies such as oceans, seas and coral reefs. Some may work in laboratories analysing samples collected from the field, while others spend a considerable amount of time diving underwater to observe marine life firsthand. They may also work on research vessels, coastal facilities, or even aquariums and marine parks. This profession is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, marine biologists play a vital role in understanding and conserving marine biodiversity. By studying marine ecosystems, they can identify threats to various species, as well as develop strategies for their protection. Additionally, their research contributes to our understanding of climate change, which is a significant issue facing our planet today. To become a marine biologist, one typically needs a strong educational background in biology. I am not a marine biologist, but I would assume this profession requires obtaining a bachelor's degree followed by further studies at the graduate level. Practical experience through internships or volunteer work is probably highly valued in this field, too. Other skills key to becoming a marine biologist would include having excellent observation skills, critical thinking and a passion for the life forms that live in salt water. I feel marine biologists contribute significantly to our understanding of the oceans and they play a crucial role in conserving these precious ecosystems for future generations. Thank you.

Access the support materials at the website! https://ieltsielts.com/view-all-repeat-lessons/ Transcript: Do you work or study? I work as a server at a popular dining establishment in the heart of the city. My role involves providing exceptional customer service, taking orders and ensuring a pleasant dining experience for patrons. Why did you choose this job? The decision to pursue a career in the restaurant industry was influenced by my passion for hospitality and interpersonal interaction. I thrive in environments where I can engage with people from diverse backgrounds and cater to their needs with warmth and professionalism. Let's talk about drawing. Do you like drawing? I do draw on occasion, and I would say I like it for the most part. The act of sketching allows me to unwind and unleash my creativity, but I have to admit I'm not particularly talented at it. What do you draw? I don't usually plan out my drawings ahead of time, so they tend to encompass a wide array of subjects. I might doodle an animal one day and a busy city street the next. I think the last time I drew something it was a cross section of a house, where you could see the rooms inside and what was going on. Are there benefits to drawing? Drawing offers a multitude of benefits beyond its artistic appeal. Engaging in drawing promotes mindfulness and relaxation, and I feel it serves as a therapeutic outlet for stress relief and self-expression. Moreover, it enhances cognitive skills such as observation, spatial reasoning and problem-solving, and this can encourage mental agility and creative thinking. Is it important to teach children how to draw? Yes, it certainly is. Nurturing children's drawing skills is essential for their holistic development and self-discovery. For example, drawing encourages imagination, fine motor skills and visual literacy, and I believe these skills provide a foundation for creative expression and critical thinking. Is it important for adults to be able to draw? I wouldn't say it is critically important, but it can be a useful skill to have in certain personal and professional contexts. Being capable of sketching concepts --such as business ideas or flooring layouts in an office-- enhances communication, problem-solving and innovation. As I mentioned before, it could be a source of relaxation for certain people, too. Thank you.

We have been talking about languages and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Do you think the way people learn English today is the same as in the past? No, the approach to learning English has evolved significantly. With technology and globalisation, access to diverse resources like online courses has enhanced the learning process. Learners are no longer constrained to classrooms. There are now dynamic approaches that allow people to train from anywhere in the world and in a variety of settings. Is it easy for children to learn new languages? Yes, children have a natural aptitude for language acquisition due to their adaptable brains and exposure to language-rich environments. Also, unlike adults, I think children are less inhibited by the fear of making mistakes, and this allows them to experiment with language freely. Is it easier for children to learn languages than adults? Generally, yes. As I mentioned, a child's lack of inhibitions allows for easier experimentation with grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, and this willingness to experiment encourages them to learn. Children have also not developed fluency in any language, so they have no speaking habits that they need to change. For example, in my own case, I found certain English pronunciation patterns challenging because these sounds do not exist in my language! What is the importance of language in a culture? Language is integral to culture. It serves as a means of communication, expression and identity. Language also reflects the evolution of a society, and by this I mean it captures the collective wisdom and values of the people that speak it. Some sayings in one language may be completely nonsensical in another, and I feel this is clear evidence of how central language is to culture. Can people understand a culture without learning its language? I don't think people can gain a deep understanding, no. While some insights can be learned through secondary sources, a deep understanding of a culture requires knowing the language. Language is an expression of the values of a culture, and it shows how the people of that culture solve problems and think about the world. So I guess that is to say that any quote unquote 'understanding' someone claims to have about a culture is very surface-level if they don't know anything about the language. Is it important to protect small language groups? Absolutely. Small language groups represent linguistic diversity and cultural heritage. They embody unique ways of perceiving the world. Efforts to protect and revitalise endangered languages are crucial to preserving cultural identity and honouring the contributions of every culture to human civilisation. Thank you.

Describe a person you know from another country who speaks your language fluently. You should say -who he/she is -what country he/she is from -how he/she learned your language -and explain how you feel about this person I'm going to talk about a remarkable individual named Maria, who speaks my native language, Japanese, fluently. Maria is from Spain and first encountered Japanese during her university studies in Barcelona, where she developed a profound interest in Japanese culture and language. What truly sets Maria apart is her dedication and unconventional approach to learning Japanese. For example, instead of relying solely on textbooks and classroom instruction, she sought out authentic Japanese materials, such as novels, podcasts and films. Additionally, before she moved to Japan, Maria actively engaged with native Japanese speakers through language exchange programmes and online communities. She now lives in Tokyo and seamlessly integrates into Japanese society, displaying a level of cultural fluency that is rarely seen among foreign language learners. As someone who grew up in Japan, I can say with confidence that Maria is truly fluent in Japanese. Her pronunciation is near-native, and she effortlessly navigates complex grammatical structures with skill. Her proficiency in Japanese fills me with admiration and respect, and I feel truly inspired when I am around her. Her commitment to mastering the language reflects a genuine love for Japanese culture and a willingness to embrace new challenges. I feel very lucky to know an amazing person like Maria. Just being around her motivates my own language pursuits! Thank you.

Do you work or study? Currently, I am a student. I am pursuing a degree in Agricultural Science at the local university. Do you live in a village, town, or city? I live in a charming village in the countryside of Japan. What do you like about your village? One aspect that I like about my village is its deep-rooted traditions and strong sense of community. We have annual festivals for a variety of occasions, and I like how these festivals bring a sense unity and belonging. My village is also just a really beautiful place. It has fields and mountains and cherry blossoms that come out in the spring. Is your village a good place to raise children? It certainly is. The safety of our village makes it an ideal environment for raising children. There are clean parks, safe streets and close-knit neighbourhoods. Children are safe to explore and play freely. Moreover, the local schools prioritise holistic education, instilling values of respect and cooperation from a young age. What languages are children taught in schools? In our schools, children primarily learn Japanese, which is our native language. Additionally, English is introduced as a compulsory subject from elementary school onwards to prepare students for global opportunities. Is music used to teach the native language in your country? Yes, music is integrated into language education. Japanese nursery rhymes and traditional songs are often used to teach language fundamentals, enhance pronunciation and deepen cultural understanding. It makes the learning process more engaging and memorable for students of all ages. Whose duty is it to teach the native language to children? The responsibility of teaching the native language primarily rests with our educational institutions. They are equipped with innovative teaching methods and resources to impart language skills effectively. However, I believe parents also play a crucial role in nurturing language development at home. They can do a lot to foster a child's love for our rich cultural heritage and language.

Are there many places for relaxation in your country that are well-known? Yes. Brazil has numerous well-known relaxation destinations that cater to a variety of tastes. There are natural landscapes, such as the beaches and forests in Rio de Janeiro, but also cultural spots like Sao Paulo Cathedral and various museums. What places for relaxation are popular with people in your country? I would say the beaches rank highly among locals as popular places for relaxation. Beach life offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life. Additionally, relaxation services such as those found in gyms and spas have gained popularity in recent years. I think people see these services as rejuvenating and good for physical health and mental well-being, and this is why they have become so popular. Why do people like to relax in different places? I believe this is influenced by a number of different factors. Some individuals gravitate towards natural settings like beaches and parks due to the calming effect of nature and the opportunity to get away from other people. Others seek relaxation in urban environments, and I think these personality types are more drawn to the vibrant energy that you can only find in cities. Ultimately, I think each person's pathway to true relaxation is unique. Do you think relaxation is important? Without a doubt. Relaxation is paramount for maintaining overall health and well-being. Today's fast-paced world is characterised by relentless work schedules and constant connectivity. Thus, taking time to unwind not only alleviates stress but also promotes mental clarity. I also think relaxation is important because it fosters creativity, enhances productivity and improves the overall quality of a person's life. In your opinion, should employers pay for the relaxation of their employees? No. While some organisations may offer perks such as wellness programmes or flexible work arrangements, expecting employers to finance all relaxation activities is not practical for every business. Instead, employers can support employee well-being by fostering a supportive work environment and promoting healthy work practices.

Describe a place you often go to relax. You should say -where this place is -why you go there to relax -when you usually go there -and explain how you feel when you are there Well, one place I frequently visit to unwind is a quiet public garden located on the outskirts of my city. This garden is situated about 20 kilometres from my residence, and I believe it's maintained by a nearby church community. It is never busy and, to my mind, it is relaxing because it is a perfect coupling of natural beauty and tranquility. Whenever I go there, the garden is lush and full of colour and the birds are chirping in and around the nearby trees. I typically visit this garden during weekends, which allows me to disconnect from the demands of work and immerse myself in nature. If I can make it there in the morning, the sunlight filters through the tree leaves and this creates a really relaxing atmosphere. This coupled with the refreshing scent of flowers is therapeutic and helps me recharge for the coming workweek. As for how I feel, when I am in this serene environment, a profound sense of tranquility washes over me. The stress and tension accumulated during the week seem to dissipate as I absorb the beauty of my surroundings. It's a very calming experience, and I guess it is not a stretch to say I feel as though I am one with nature. I feel absolutely amazing when I'm there. I guess to wrap up, I would say this garden is much more than just a place. It is an escape from ordinary life and I am very happy it has become an integral part of my routine.

What is your name? My name is Ryan. Where are you from? I am from the city of Salvador. It's situated along the northeastern coast of Brazil. What do you do? Work or study? Currently, I am pursuing a degree in social sciences at a university in my city. What do you like about your studies? I like learning about societal structures. For example, the degree lets me analyse human behaviour and societal dynamics, and these are topics that I find fascinating. What type of music do you enjoy listening to? This is probably no surprise, but Brazilian music holds a special place in my heart. I especially like styles such as bossa nova. In fact, I have a Brazilian bossa nova playlist that I listen to almost every day. When do you usually listen to music? I often immerse myself in music during relaxing moments, such as when I'm on the beautiful beaches of Salvador or enjoying a lazy Sunday afternoon. Was music a part of your education during your school days? It was! Music education was integral during my school days in Brazil. We had dedicated classes where we explored the rhythms of samba and the melodies of bossa nova. For us students, these sessions were not only informative but also a source of national pride. Have you ever learned to play a musical instrument? Yes. I learned how to play the acoustic guitar. Playing allows me to express the soulful melodies that are deeply ingrained in Brazilian culture. Do many people in your country enjoy music? Without a doubt. Music is a fundamental part of life in Brazilian culture. You can hear it pretty much everywhere - on a busy bus or...coming from someone's window as you walk down the street. It's a hallmark of our country. Thank you.

Describe an event or ceremony most people go through in your culture. You should say: -what the event or ceremony is -when people usually experience it -how it affects people and explain your opinion about it I'd like to talk about the traditional ceremony of Diwali, which is widely celebrated in my culture. Typically, Diwali falls in October or November, depending on the lunar calendar. The festival lasts for five days, with the main day being marked by the lighting of oil lamps and candles. We do this to symbolise the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil. Diwali has a profound impact on people in my culture. It is a time when families come together and adorn their houses with colourful decorations. This fosters a sense of unity and creates a positive and festive atmosphere. We also prepare sweet and savory dishes and exchange gifts to promote goodwill among friends and neighbours. On a deeper level, Diwali holds cultural and spiritual significance. The rituals and prayers performed during the festival are believed to bring prosperity and good fortune. The symbolic significance of light dispelling darkness encourages introspection and pushes people to make positive changes in their life. In my opinion, Diwali is not just a festival. It is a reflection of our cultural values and traditions. It brings joy and happiness to people's lives, fostering a sense of belonging and community. The rituals associated with Diwali, such as lighting lamps and offering prayers, instill a sense of spirituality and mindfulness. Moreover, the emphasis on charity during Diwali encourages people to share their prosperity with those less fortunate. I believe that such traditions are essential in preserving the richness of our cultural heritage and promoting values that carry on for multiple generations.

Do you work or are you a student? I'm a student pursuing a bachelor's degree in computer science at the University of Lisbon. Do you play video games? Yes, I do enjoy playing video games. I find it's a fantastic way to unwind and relax. What kind of games do you play? I have an eclectic taste in games, but I particularly enjoy strategic and simulation games. Titles like Civilization VI and Cities: Skylines are among my favourites. Do you have friends who are also into gaming? Yes. We regularly get together for multiplayer sessions and enjoy friendly competition. What types of games do you usually play with your friends? We typically engage in cooperative games or team-based multiplayer games. Games like Among Us or Overwatch are popular choices with us because these games can be played in less than 20 minutes and they allow us to work together as a team. Do you enjoy watching others play video games, like in live streams or gaming videos? Yes, I find it quite entertaining. It's a great way to learn new strategies, discover hidden game features, and also enjoy the unique personalities of the content creators. However, I'm very busy with my studies these days, so I don't tend to watch these types of videos very often. How much time do you typically spend gaming in a week? I try to strike a balance between my academic responsibilities and leisure activities. On average, I spend maybe five hours a week gaming. It serves as a rewarding break from my studies and allows me to stay connected with friends who share similar interests. Thank you.

Do you think children generally find it difficult to accept change? I guess it depends on the nature of the change and a child's individual temperament. In my view, the unfamiliarity of new situations can make major changes very difficult to accept for most children. In your opinion, is a change of routine good for children? Yes, I believe a change of routine can be beneficial for children. It exposes them to different experiences, which fosters adaptability and crucial life skills such as problem-solving. However, the key lies in maintaining a balance because too much change too quickly might overwhelm a child. Do you think it takes a long time for children to adjust to a new school? The time it takes for children to adjust to a new school can vary significantly. Some children may adapt quickly, forming new friendships and becoming acclimatised within a short period. Others may require more time, especially if they face challenges in establishing connections or adapting to a different academic curriculum. What factors might influence their adjustment process? Several factors can influence a child's adjustment to a new school. The support system at home, including the involvement of parents and the overall family environment, plays a crucial role. Additionally, the school's atmosphere, the friendliness of classmates and the effectiveness of teachers in facilitating integration can significantly impact a child's ability to adjust. Do you believe that children never fully adjust to moving to a new place? While it may take time, I believe most children do eventually adjust to moving to a new place. Children are remarkably resilient, and with the right support, they can adapt successfully. The adjustment process might differ for each child, but with time, most children can overcome the challenges associated with relocating. Can frequent changes in a child's life impact their development? Yes, frequent changes in a child's life can indeed have an impact on their development. Consistent instability may lead to feelings of insecurity and anxiety, potentially affecting their emotional well-being. However, it's essential to note that not all changes are detrimental. Adapting to different situations can also enhance a child's problem-solving skills and resilience. Striking a balance and providing a stable foundation for children during periods of change is crucial to ensuring positive development outcomes. Thank you.

Describe something that you bought that you now cannot live without. You should say: -what it is -why you bought it -how often you use it and explain why you cannot live without it. I'd like to talk about my indispensable MacBook Air. I bought it approximately two years ago when I was in dire need of a reliable and portable computer. I guess I would say the primary motivator for this purchase was my transition into a more digital-centric lifestyle. I mentioned before that I'm a marketing specialist and, in the wake of COVID, it quickly became apparent to me that I would need a lightweight and powerful laptop to work from both my home and my office. Even though it was quite expensive, I decided on the MacBook Air due to its impressive performance and excellent battery life. On average, I use my MacBook Air for at least six to eight hours every day. It has become an integral part of my daily routine, serving not only as a workstation but also as a hub for all of my professional communication. The reason I cannot imagine my life without this device is the seamless integration it provides into various aspects of my daily activities. For the projects I work on, it allows me to bring my creative marketing visions to life. I also use it for personal endeavours. For example, I use it to stay in touch with friends and I often use it to order items from Amazon. It is for these reasons the device has become an irreplaceable tool in my life. My MacBook Air is an investment that not only met but exceeded my expectations. Its role in my daily activities has become so significant that I honestly cannot imagine navigating through life without it.

Are you currently working or are you a student? I am currently employed as a marketing specialist for a technology company. I have been working in this role for the past three years. Do you prefer working in a crowded place or a quiet one? Personally, I thrive in a quieter work environment. I find that I can concentrate better and be more productive when there are fewer distractions. Do you like spending your vacations or holidays in crowded or quiet places? I tend to lean towards quieter destinations when it comes to vacations. The peacefulness of open landscapes and the chance to unwind away from the hustle and bustle of daily life are appealing to me. I can't imagine experiencing the same level of relaxation in a crowded city. Let's talk about sunglasses. Do you often wear sunglasses? I make it a habit to wear sunglasses, especially during the sunny seasons. Not only do they provide protection against harmful UV rays, but they also help reduce glare. Additionally, I see sunglasses as a fashion accessory, and I often choose a pair that complements my style. Should people be encouraged to wear sunglasses? Absolutely. I believe people should be encouraged to wear sunglasses, not just as a fashion statement but also for the health benefits. Prolonged exposure to the sun's UV rays can lead to various eye conditions, and wearing sunglasses is a simple and effective way to get long-term protection of one's eyes. Have you ever bought sunglasses for someone else? Yes, I have. On a couple of occasions, I have purchased sunglasses as gifts for friends and family. I believe it's a thoughtful present, and I make sure to consider the recipient's style and preferences when selecting a pair. It's a practical yet stylish gift and it's a great choice for people that are hard to buy gifts for.

What do people usually complain about in public places? In public places, people commonly complain about inadequate facilities, poor sanitation, noise levels and overcrowding. When people complain, do they usually do it verbally or in writing? I think it depends on the situation and size of the problem. For smaller nuisances, verbal communication seems to be more prevalent. People tend to voice their concerns directly to the relevant authorities or service providers, perhaps to get an immediate response. I think written complaints would be more common for complex or ongoing issues, such as noise coming from a construction site. Do you think social media has changed the way people complain about services or products? Oh yes, it certainly has. Platforms like Twitter and Facebook allow individuals to voice their concerns instantly and to a broad audience. This not only puts pressure on businesses to address issues promptly but also empowers consumers by providing a public forum for expressing dissatisfaction. This new way to complain did not exist 30 years ago. Do you think it is important for businesses to address customer complaints? Absolutely. Resolving complaints fosters customer loyalty and enhances the company's reputation. In today's interconnected world, where information spreads rapidly, neglecting customer grievances can lead to a tarnished image and a loss of clientele. How do you think complaints should be handled to ensure customers are satisfied? I feel companies should first establish clear and accessible channels through which customers can express their concerns. Once a complaint is received, a prompt response acknowledging the issue is essential. Investigating the root cause is then necessary. Finally, offering a fair resolution helps to win back customer loyalty. When someone is complaining in an aggressive way, should they be punished? I guess it depends on the degree and nature of the aggression. Businesses should do what they can to de-escalate aggressive clients and deal with the cause of unhappiness. However, if the aggressive behaviour persists or starts to involve personal threats then I think the business has the right to refuse service or --in extreme circumstances-- call the police.

Describe an event in your life that changed it in a positive way. You should say: -what the event was -when it happened -how it changed your life and explain why this change was positive for you Well, I would have to say my decision to learn a new language changed my life in a positive way. This significant turning point occurred around three years ago during my summer break. I had always been intrigued by the different cultures of Spanish-speaking people, so deciding to study Spanish was a natural choice for me. The journey began with enrolling in an intensive language course and immersing myself in Spanish literature and media. Doing these two things helped me to improve my understanding and abilities rapidly. I'll now speak about the multifaceted ways in which studying Spanish impacted my life. Firstly, the mental challenge of mastering a new language stimulated my cognitive abilities and significantly improved my memory and problem-solving skills. Moreover, the decision to learn Spanish opened up a world of cultural richness - exciting literature, films and music. I also found myself connecting both in-person and online with a global community of language learners, and this was extremely rewarding. The most significant change, however, was the unexpected boost it gave to my career. The ability to speak Spanish fluently became a valuable skill, and it opened up new job opportunities for me in Europe, the Americas and even Asia. Today, my work involves facilitating trade between my country and Spanish speaking countries. It's an extremely rewarding role that I wouldn't have been capable of doing otherwise. In summary, the decision to learn a new language, Spanish in particular, was a transformative event that positively influenced various aspects of my life.

Do you think the dishes people cook are influenced by the agriculture of their region? Absolutely. The availability of certain crops and livestock shapes the culinary traditions of a place. For example, in regions where rice cultivation is prevalent, you'll find a rich variety of rice-based dishes, and the same is true in regions where wheat is the more common grain. How important do you think agriculture is in your country? It's definitely important in China. Agriculture not only provides sustenance to the vast population but also contributes significantly to the national economy. I would also say a lot of our cultural identity is closely tied to traditional farming practices and the cuisines these practices produce. Can agriculture be improved by technology? Yes, I believe it can. Technology can significantly enhance efficiency, yield and sustainability in agriculture. Modern irrigation systems and genetically modified crops are just a few examples of how technology can increase productivity. By integrating these innovations, agriculture can meet the demands of the world's growing population. Are there any negative impacts of using technology in agriculture? One concern is the over-reliance on certain technologies, which may lead to environmental degradation. Additionally, the high cost of advanced equipment can create economic disparities among farmers. Striking a balance between technological progress and sustainable practices is crucial to mitigate these negative impacts. How do you think technology in agriculture affects the environment? The impact of technology on the environment in agriculture is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, precision farming and efficient resource management can minimise water and chemical usage. On the other hand, technologies that enhance the spraying of pesticides, for example, can cause harm to ecosystems. Striking a harmonious balance between technology and nature is thus essential to ensure a sustainable future.

Describe someone who loves cooking. You should say: -who this person is -what kinds of dishes they usually cook -who they usually cook for And explain why you think this person enjoys cooking so much I would like to talk about my aunt, Lauren, who is an ardent lover of cooking. She is a middle-aged woman with a passion for culinary arts that is truly inspiring. Auntie Lauren is an exceptional cook and her culinary skills encompass a wide range of dishes from various cuisines. However, her specialty lies in preparing exquisite Italian dishes, particularly pasta and homemade pizzas. The aroma of her cooking often fills the entire house, creating an inviting atmosphere that captivates everyone's senses. Most frequently, she dedicates her culinary expertise to her immediate family – her husband and three children. Sunday dinners at her house have become a cherished tradition, with family members eagerly anticipating anything she prepares. The reason behind Auntie Lauren's unwavering love for cooking can be attributed to her belief that food has the power to bring people together. I think for her, cooking is a form of expression, a way to show love and care for those around her. Furthermore, my aunt once told me she views cooking as a therapeutic activity, a creative outlet through which she can experiment with flavours. She takes great pleasure in the entire process – from selecting the freshest ingredients to meticulously crafting each dish with precision and passion. In conclusion, my aunt is a remarkable individual who loves cooking not only for the sheer joy it brings her but also as a means to connect with others.

Do you work or are you a student? I'm currently a student. What do you study? I'm pursuing a degree in Environmental Science. Let's talk about noise. Would you describe yourself as a noisy person? No, I wouldn't say I'm a noisy person at all. I generally prefer a calm and quiet environment. In what situations does noise bother you? I find noise particularly bothersome when I'm trying to concentrate, especially while studying or working on important tasks. It can be quite distracting. Do you like to listen to loud music? Occasionally...yes, I do. However, I prefer it at a moderate volume. I find it more enjoyable, and it doesn't disturb others around me. How do you feel about noise in your living environment? I value a peaceful living environment. Excessive noise can be disruptive to both relaxation and productivity. I believe in maintaining a balance to ensure a harmonious atmosphere. Do you think cities are becoming noisier? Absolutely. It's evident that urban areas are experiencing an increase in noise levels. Factors like traffic, construction and a faster-paced lifestyle contribute to the overall rise in noise pollution. It's a concerning trend that impacts the quality of life for many city dwellers.

We've been talking about helping others, and I would like to ask you a few more questions about this topic. Do you like to help others? Absolutely. I find great satisfaction in contributing to the well-being of others, be it in small everyday gestures or more significant acts of kindness. How can children help their parents? Children can contribute to their parents' well-being in various ways. Simple tasks like helping with household chores, such as tidying up their rooms or assisting with cooking, can make a significant difference. Additionally, showing appreciation and respect for their parents' efforts can create a positive and supportive family environment. Why do you think some children don't like helping their parents? I guess one reason for this reluctance might be the age and developmental stage of the child. Younger children might not fully comprehend the value of helping, while teenagers may be preoccupied with academic or social pressures. Moreover, the way parents approach and encourage their children can also influence their willingness to help. What are some ways in which children can help their classmates? Children can offer assistance academically, especially in subjects where they excel. Collaborative learning environments, group projects and encouraging teamwork can enhance the overall learning experience for everyone involved. Should children do volunteer work? I think volunteer work can be highly beneficial for children. It not only instills a sense of social responsibility but also helps develop empathy and compassion. Furthermore, volunteering exposes children to diverse experiences and communities, which broadens their perspective of the world. Is volunteering beneficial for young people? It certainly is. Volunteering provides young people with valuable life skills, such as teamwork, communication and problem-solving. It also cultivates a sense of civic duty and a heightened awareness of societal issues. I feel it also pushes young people to develop as responsible and compassionate individuals, preparing them to face the challenges of the wider world.

Describe a person who lives in your area and always offers a helping hand to others. You should say -who this person is -how he/she helps others -why he/she does it And explain how you feel about this person I'd like to talk about a remarkable individual in my community who consistently extends a helping hand to others – Mrs. Smith. She is a retired school teacher in her late 60s and she and I have resided in the same neighbourhood for the past three decades. Mrs. Smith's helpfulness is evident in many ways, but her most notable contribution is in tutoring local children after school hours. She voluntarily dedicates a few hours each day to assist students with their homework and provide additional support in subjects they find challenging. Furthermore, she has established a small community library in her home, where she lends books to children who may not have access to such resources otherwise. The driving force behind Mrs. Smith's generous actions is her unwavering belief in the transformative power of education. Having spent the majority of her life as an educator, she is passionate about ensuring that every child in our community has the opportunity to succeed academically. Personally, I am deeply inspired by Mrs. Smith's dedication and kindness. Witnessing her commitment to the community has instilled a sense of communal responsibility within me. Her selflessness serves as a reminder that even small acts of kindness can have a profound impact on the lives of those around us. Mrs. Smith is an exemplary figure in our community, and I feel fortunate to know such a compassionate and community-minded person.

Do you work or study? Currently, I study marketing at a college in this city. Why did you choose to study this subject? I chose to study marketing because of its dynamic nature and its direct relevance to my career goals. The field allows me to combine creativity with strategic thinking, providing a perfect fit for my aspirations. Let's talk about rain. Does it rain much in your city? In Rome, we experience moderate rainfall, particularly during the spring and fall seasons. The rain contributes to the city's greenery and maintains a pleasant climate. Would you most like to live in a place that is dry or wet? I prefer a place with a balanced climate. Moderate rainfall adds to the environmental diversity and creates a pleasant atmosphere. Would you change your plans if it rained outside? Weather conditions do influence my plans to some extent. Heavy rain might prompt me to reconsider outdoor activities. However, a light drizzle usually doesn't deter me from my plans. Let's talk about health. Is it easy to stay healthy in your country? Yes, it is generally easy to maintain good health in Italy. Access to healthcare facilities, a variety of fresh and nutritious foods, and a cultural emphasis on physical activity contribute to an environment conducive to overall well-being. How do you maintain your physical health? I prioritise physical health through a combination of regular exercise and a balanced diet. Engaging in activities like jogging and incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables and lean proteins into my diet ensures that I stay fit and energetic. Do you have a favourite exercise? Indeed, my favourite exercise is yoga. I find it not only physically beneficial but also mentally rejuvenating. The rhythmic nature of yoga allows me to unwind and stay physically active, contributing to a holistic sense of well-being. Thank you.

Do you think nowadays young people have to become independent at a younger age compared to the past? Absolutely. In contemporary society, the pace of life has accelerated, and this has required young people grow up faster than in previous generations. The job market is more competitive and demands young professionals demonstrate autonomy and self-reliance. For example, people switch career paths way more now than they did in the past, and this requires people be more self-reliant and less dependent on a long-term employer. How does moving out of the family home contribute to a young person's sense of independence? Moving out is a pivotal step towards autonomy. It exposes individuals to the complexities of managing a household, handling bills and making decisions independently. Living away from the family provides a platform for personal growth, encouraging individuals to confront challenges, solve problems and build resilience. What responsibilities do young adults typically face when they move out of their parents' home? Young adults take on a spectrum of responsibilities when they move out. Managing finances, such as rent, utilities and daily expenses, becomes a central concern. Household chores, meal planning and even addressing unforeseen issues require consistent attention. I would even include things like taking on responsibility for personal health. How can financial challenges impact a young person's ability to live independently? Financial challenges can be a substantial hurdle. Limited financial resources may hinder the person's ability to secure stable housing or afford basic necessities. This, in turn, can lead to increased stress and other health problems that might aggravate financial issues further. Do you think moving out affects the relationship between parents and their children? In what ways? Undoubtedly, moving out reshapes the parent-child dynamic. While physical distance may initially strain the relationship, it also provides an opportunity for a more mature and egalitarian connection. Both parties learn to appreciate each other's perspectives, and the relationship transforms into one built on mutual respect and understanding. The periodic reunions become cherished moments, fostering a deeper and more evolved bond between parents and their independent children.

Talk about someone you know who has moved to a new accommodation. You should say: -who this person is -when they moved -where they moved and explain whether or not the move has had a positive impact on them I'd like to talk about a colleague of mine named Emily, who recently made a significant move to a new accommodation. Emily is a person I work with, and we've developed a friendship over the past few years. She decided to make this move about three months ago - I think it was about August of this year. This decision to move was primarily for career advancement and to be closer to our workplace, which is in the heart of the city. Before, she had been commuting for almost two hours daily! Emily's new accommodation is an apartment in a modern complex. The area is known for its vibrant community, diverse cultural amenities and convenient access to public transportation. The apartment itself is spacious, well-furnished and provides a stunning view of the city skyline. From what Emily has shared with me, the move has had an overwhelmingly positive impact on her life. Firstly, the reduction in commute time has allowed her to reclaim several hours each day, which she can now allocate to personal pursuits and relaxation. Moreover, the new neighbourhood has exposed her to a range of social activities and events, providing opportunities to meet new people and expand her social circle. So overall I would say Emily's recent move to a new accommodation has undeniably had a positive impact on her overall quality of life.

What is your full name? My full name is Richard Thompson. Where are you from? I am originally from Boston, a vibrant city known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population. Do you work or are you a student? I am currently employed in the field of marketing. Where do you work? I work at XYZ Marketing Agency, a reputable firm specialising in digital marketing solutions. How many hours do you work per week? I typically work around 40 hours per week. It varies based on project requirements and deadlines. Are you able to concentrate at work? Yes, I consider myself to be quite focused at work. I believe concentration is essential for productivity, and I make a conscious effort to minimise distractions and stay engaged in my tasks. What helps you concentrate at work? Several factors contribute to my ability to concentrate. Firstly, I ensure I have a well-organised workspace. Secondly, I prioritise tasks and break them into manageable chunks, which helps me stay on track. Additionally, I find that taking short breaks and practising mindfulness techniques, such as deep breathing, enhance my focus and overall job performance. When you were in school, did you find it easy to concentrate? Yes, during my school years, I generally found it easy to concentrate. I believe this was partly due to my interest in the subjects I was studying. Moreover, I developed effective study habits and time management skills, which played a significant role in maintaining my concentration levels.

How important is it for employees to take on challenging projects at work? Taking on challenging projects at work is of paramount importance. It not only helps employees grow and develop professionally but also contributes significantly to the overall success of the organisation. Challenging projects provide employees with the opportunity to expand their skill set, learn new things and think creatively. In fact, the ability to handle challenging projects is often a key differentiator in one's career progression, as it showcases a person's problem solving skills, leadership potential and adaptability. What skills are necessary to successfully handle challenging projects? Handling challenging projects successfully demands a diverse set of skills. Firstly, problem solving skills are crucial. Employees should be able to analyse complex issues, identify potential solutions and make informed decisions. Additionally, effective communication and teamwork are essential for collaboration and sharing ideas within the team. I would also say that time management and organisational skills are necessary to ensure that tasks are completed on schedule. Those are the main skills that come to mind. How do you think technology has changed the way people approach and complete work-related projects? Technology has revolutionised the way people approach and complete work-related projects. It has streamlined processes, increased efficiency and expanded the possibilities of what can be achieved. For example, as we saw during COVID, digital tools made it possible for employees to collaborate seamlessly from different locations. Technology has thus accelerated the pace of work and made remote work more viable. How should a person or team respond when a project doesn't go as planned? When a project doesn't go as planned, it is essential to respond with a constructive approach. The first step should be to conduct a thorough post-mortem analysis to understand what went wrong and why. Identifying the root causes of the issues is crucial for preventing similar problems in the future. Communication within the team and with stakeholders is also key because this keeps everyone informed of the situation and the steps being taken to address it. One final but critical step is to maintain a positive and solution oriented mindset. Setbacks are inherent in most projects, and a resilient team that can learn from its mistakes is more likely to rebound quickly.

Describe a book that had a significant impact on you. Please say: -What the book was about -When and where you read it -Why it had a significant impact on you -And say whether you would you recommend this book to others A book that I found impactful is "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald. I first encountered this book during my university years while studying literature. It's not very long, so I was able to read it in one afternoon in my university's library. The book had a significant impact on me due to its themes and the portrayal of the characters' aspirations and shortcomings, which I found very relatable. It delves into the lives of Jay Gatsby, a self-made millionaire who is known for his extravagant parties, and Nick Carraway, the narrator who becomes entangled in Gatsby's world. I really enjoyed how the book uses a story to examine topics such as the elusive nature of happiness and the limits of wealth and opulence. For example, despite his wealth, Jay Gatsby is unable to change the past and rekindle his relationship with a woman named Daisy. This leaves him in a permanent state of sorrow and sets up other events in the story that provide a fascintating exploration of the complexities of human nature. I would definitely recommend "The Great Gatsby" to others. The novel's timeless themes of wealth, aspiration, and the human desire for something more make it a captivating and thought-provoking read. It continues to resonate with readers of all generations, and I feel it invites them to reflect on their own ambitions and the meaning of success in the modern world.

Where you are from? I am originally from a picturesque town in the heart of England called Stratford-upon-Avon. Do you work or study? Currently, I am pursuing my studies. I am enrolled in a postgraduate programme in Environmental Science at a local university. What is your hometown like? Stratford-upon-Avon is a charming town with a rich history. It's renowned as the birthplace of William Shakespeare and is known for its well preserved Tudor-style architecture. The town is nestled along the tranquil banks of the River Avon, and its cobblestone streets are lined with quaint shops and theaters. Do you enjoy living in your hometown? I absolutely adore living in my hometown. The blend of history, culture and the welcoming community makes it a delightful place to call home. How has your hometown changed over the years? Over the years, Stratford-upon-Avon has seen some positive changes. There has been an effort to preserve and restore historic buildings, which has boosted tourism. Additionally, the town has embraced more eco-friendly initiatives, promoting green spaces and sustainability. What kind of accommodation do most people in your hometown live in? The majority of residents in Stratford-upon-Avon live in traditional houses, often Tudor-style or Georgian architecture. However, there are also modern apartments and townhouses available. Let's talk about drinks. What is your favourite drink? My favourite drink without a doubt is a well-brewed cup of Earl Grey tea. I take it with milk and find it to be soothing and refreshing. Did you prefer different drinks as a child? As a child, my preferences were quite different. I used to enjoy fruit juices and fizzy drinks, particularly orange juice and lemonade. Do you think it is important to drink lots of water? Yes, I firmly believe that staying hydrated is crucial for overall health. Water is essential for bodily functions, and it helps to maintain proper digestion, skin health and mental clarity.

In your culture, what are some traditional celebrations or events that are widely celebrated? In Indonesian culture, there are several traditional celebrations that hold significant importance. One of the most prominent festivals is the International Jazz Festival of Jakarta, which typically involves live performances by renowned jazz artists from around the world. Another noteworthy celebration is Independence Day, which provides an opportunity for the entire Indonesian community to come together. It is a time for family gatherings and various cultural activities. How have these traditional celebrations changed over the years? I think one of the most notable changes is the modernisation of customs and traditions. For instance, the International Jazz Festival of Jakarta has incorporated modern music technologies and global jazz trends into its performances. Independence Day has seen an increase in community engagement through social media and digital platforms. Do you think it's important to preserve cultural traditions in today's fast-paced world? Absolutely. I believe it's essential to preserve cultural traditions in today's fast-paced world. These traditions serve as a link to our heritage and help us maintain our cultural identity. Furthermore, cultural traditions often impart valuable life lessons, instill a sense of respect for diversity and foster a deep appreciation for our roots. Do you think celebrations and events have become more globalised in recent years? Yes, I do. With the advancement of technology and increased connectivity, the world has become a smaller place. As a result, people from different cultures and backgrounds have greater exposure to celebrations and events from around the globe, and this helps to highlight some common values between all cultures on Earth. For instance, Teachers' Day is now celebrated in most countries around the world. This globalisation of celebrations can foster a sense of global unity among people from diverse backgrounds. While this global trend is positive in many ways, I think it's also important to strike a balance between global influences and the preservation of local traditions. Thank you.

Describe a traditional celebration or event in your culture. Please say: -what the event is -when and where it takes place -why it is important -and share your personal experiences or memories related to this celebration or event I'd like to talk about a traditional celebration in my culture, which is known as Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Fitr is one of the most significant and widely celebrated festivals in Indonesia, marking the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. The exact date of Eid al-Fitr varies each year based on the Islamic lunar calendar, and it's a nationwide celebration in Indonesia. Families and communities come together to observe this festive occasion. The importance of Eid al-Fitr in Indonesian culture is immense. It signifies the spiritual and personal growth achieved during Ramadan. People focus on prayer, self-reflection and acts of charity, and the holiday is considered a time when families and friends come together to celebrate and strengthen their bonds. Additionally, it's customary to carry out almsgiving to help those in need, ensuring that everyone can join in the celebrations. Personally, Eid al-Fitr holds a special place in my heart as well. I have fond memories of the preparations leading up to the festival. My family and I would start by cleaning our house, purchasing new clothes and preparing delicious traditional dishes. On the morning of Eid, we would attend a special prayer at the mosque, after which we would visit relatives and neighbours to exchange warm greetings and small gifts. To my mind, this festival exemplifies the rich cultural diversity and religious traditions of Indonesia and remains a vibrant and meaningful celebration in the country.

Where are you from? I'm from Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. Do you work or study? I'm a full-time university student, studying Business Management. What do you like to do in your free time? I enjoy reading, playing the guitar and staying active by going for walks and doing yoga. Do you enjoy meeting new people? Yes, I do. Meeting new people broadens my horizons and allows me to learn from their experiences. What sort of people do you most easily make friends with? I find it easiest to make friends with people who share similar interests and values. When we have common hobbies or beliefs, it provides a strong foundation for building a meaningful connection. Additionally, those who are open-minded, friendly and good listeners tend to be the people I naturally click with. Where is a good place to meet new people? There are several great places to meet new people, but I think community events and social gatherings are excellent opportunities. Whether it's a local festival, a charity event or even a hobby club, these settings tend to attract like-minded individuals who are open to socialising and making new friends. In what situations is it difficult to make new friends? It can be challenging to make new friends when people are busy with work or studies. Also, in larger cities like Jakarta, busy lifestyles and cultural differences can make it harder to establish connections with strangers. Thank you.

Why do you think games are popular at social gatherings and family events? I think they are popular because of their ability to foster a sense of camaraderie and engagement. They act as icebreakers, encouraging people to interact and bond over shared experiences...thereby breaking any initial awkwardness. Furthermore, games inject an element of fun and excitement into these gatherings, making them enjoyable for everyone involved. In what ways do games contribute to improving social skills and communication among people? I would say games encourage effective verbal and non-verbal communication, as players must explain rules and strategies. This enhances interpersonal communication skills by encouraging people to speak clearly and listen actively. Games also often involve teamwork and collaboration, which fosters a sense of cooperation and trust among participants. I would say these are the main ways in which games improve a person's social skills. Some people argue that board games can be educational. What are your thoughts on this? I wholeheartedly agree with the notion that board games can be highly educational. Board games often incorporate various cognitive skills, including critical thinking, problem solving and strategic planning, and they often are explicitly designed for educational purposes, covering topics such as mathematics, history and language acquisition. For example, my nephew's geography improved dramatically while playing the game Risk, which involves intercontinental battle between players on a world map. What types of board games do you believe will be popular in the future? Hmm I imagine future board games will integrate augmented reality or even virtual reality. Additionally, I think games could do a lot to promote themes of social responsibility, such as the importance of sustainability and environmental awareness. Ultimately, the future of board games will likely be shaped by the evolving interests and values of society, but I don't think they'll ever lose their appeal as a source of social interaction and entertainment. Thank you. That is the end of the speaking exam.

Describe a tabletop game or other game you have played. You should say: What the game was Who you played it with Where and when you played it And explain why it was a memorable game for you. I'd like to share an experience I had playing a tabletop game called 'Settlers of Catan.' It was an incredibly memorable game for me, not only because of the game itself but also because of the people I played it with and the setting in which it took place. Settlers of Catan is a strategic board game that revolves around resource management and negotiation. It's designed for three to four players, and each player assumes the role of a settler on the fictional island of Catan. The objective of the game is to build settlements, roads and cities while trading resources like wood, brick, ore, wheat and sheep with other players. I played this game with three close friends of mine - Sarah, Mark and James. We decided to have a game night at my apartment during summer vacation last year. It was a relaxing atmosphere, with dimmed lights and our favourite snacks and drinks within reach. We started the game just as the sun was setting, so the room was warm with the setting sunlight. What made this game so memorable for me was the intense competition and the genuine laughter it brought about. As the game progressed, we found ourselves making strategic alliances and clever trades, which sometimes led to unexpected betrayals and shifting alliances. Moreover, it was memorable because it allowed us to bond on a deeper level. We shared stories, exchanged banter, and had moments of genuine teamwork and rivalry. As the night turned into morning, we finally declared a winner, but it didn't really matter who won or lost. What mattered was the quality time we spent together.

Can you tell me your full name, please? Of course, my full name is Ryan Higgins. What should I call you? You can just call me Ryan. Where are you from? I'm originally from a suburb of Bangkok in Thailand. Do you work or are you a student? I'm currently a student here in Liverpool. I'm pursuing my economics degree at the University of Liverpool. Where do you typically do your studying? I usually study in the university library, as it provides a quiet environment for concentration. Occasionally, I also study in my dorm room to change things up. Do you find it easier to study in certain environments? Yes, I definitely find it easier to study in quiet environments like the library or my dorm room. I find that the absence of distractions allows me to focus better on my studies and be more productive. What do you do on weekday evenings? On weekday evenings, I usually follow a routine that balances relaxation and productivity. I spend a few hours studying or working on assignments, and then I like to unwind by going for a jog or practicing some mindfulness exercises. Afterwards, I often enjoy a good book or catch up with friends over a video call to wind down before bedtime.

How do you think the use of electronic devices has changed the way people work compared to the past? The use of electronic devices has undeniably revolutionized the way people work compared to the past. Previously, work was primarily centred around physical locations, such as offices and factories, where employees were essentially tethered to specific workstations. However, with the advent of electronic devices work has become increasingly flexible and decentralised. Individuals can now work remotely and access vast amounts of information within seconds. This level of convenience and efficiency was unimaginable in the past. Are there any disadvantages to relying heavily on electronic devices for work-related tasks? Yes, there are. One of the primary concerns is the potential for digital distractions. With constant notifications, emails and social media, employees may find it challenging to maintain focus and productivity. Furthermore, the overuse of electronic devices can lead to health issues, such as eye strain and sedentary behaviour, which may contribute to long-term health problems. How has the advancement of technology influenced the types of jobs available in today's workforce? The advancement of technology has had a profound impact on the types of jobs available in today's workforce. Robotics and artificial intelligence have led to the automation of routine tasks, which has resulted in the need for completely new jobs in fields like data analysis and cybersecurity. Technology, for better or for worse, has also created the 'gig' economy, making freelance work and short-term contracts possible. This diversifying of the job market has required individuals continuously adapt and acquire new skills to remain competitive in the rapidly changing work environment. In what ways can people ensure the security and privacy of their data when using electronic devices for important work? There are several measures individuals can take to protect their data. Regularly updating software and applications is also critical, as updates often contain security patches that address vulnerabilities. Further, encrypting sensitive data and using secure connections can safeguard information from unauthorised access. Are there any ethical concerns related to the use of electronic devices for work? Indeed. For example, employers may use monitoring software to track employees' activities. This of course raises questions about the extent to which such surveillance is ethical and respects employees' privacy and personal space. Additionally, issues related to data privacy and confidentiality arise when handling sensitive customer or client information. A final ethical concern I can think of is the 'digital divide,' where some individuals have access to advanced electronic devices and the internet while others do not. As we were discussing earlier, so much of the workforce is now dependent on technology. Not having access to technology may mean some individuals do not have equitable access to job opportunities. Thank you. This is the end of the speaking exam.

Describe a time when you used an electronic device for some important work. You should say – what you did – when you did it – why you had to use your electronic device – and explain how you felt about this experience. I'd like to talk about a time when I used my laptop for an important task. About six months ago, I had to prepare a crucial presentation for my workplace. I work as a marketing manager in a multinational company, and this presentation was a key component of a pitch we were making to a potential client. I performed this task a day before the scheduled presentation. I remember it was a Sunday, and the presentation was to be held on Monday morning. I had known about the presentation for about a week in advance, but the busy nature of my job made it difficult to find time to work on the task. The reason I had to use my laptop was primarily for gathering data and creating visual aids. I relied heavily on my laptop to research the client's industry trends and their competitors' strategies, and to glean statistical data that could support our proposal. Additionally, I used presentation software on the device to design slides that would be both informative and visually appealing. Reflecting on this experience, I can say I felt a mixture of pressure, determination and gratitude. On one hand, I was aware of the significance of the presentation: it could potentially secure a lucrative deal for our company. On the other hand, the time constraint added an extra layer of stress that was honestly rather unpleasant. However, I embraced the challenge and saw it as an opportunity to showcase my skills and dedication. By the time I completed the presentation late into the night, I was not only proud of the outcome but also amazed at how much my device had helped to accelerate the task. I can't imagine how long a task like this would take without the support of a laptop!

Where do you live? I currently reside in Frankfurt, which is located in Germany. It's a bustling city known for its diverse multicultural community. Do you work or are you a student? I'm a dedicated student at the University of Frankfurt, pursuing a degree in computer science. This academic journey is a vital step towards realising my passion for innovation in the technology sector. What is your favourite subject to study? Among the subjects I'm studying, I have a particular fondness for economics. Its intricate analysis of market dynamics and its impact on society intrigue me. I'm constantly motivated to delve deeper into the complexities of supply and demand, and how economic policies shape our world. You said that you are interested in technology, were you passionate about it from a young age? Yes, indeed. Since my childhood, I've harboured an unwavering fascination for technology. From experimenting with simple gadgets to immersing myself in programming, my passion for technology has been an integral part of my life's journey. What do you prefer to use, a tablet or a computer, and why? While both tablets and computers have their merits, I tend to gravitate towards computers. The robust processing power and versatile capabilities of a computer are indispensable for tasks such as software development and data analysis. Additionally, the ergonomic comfort of a full-sized keyboard and larger screen contribute to my productivity. When did you start using computers? My initiation into the world of computers began around the age of 10. It all started with basic operations and gradually expanded to more advanced functions and applications. Do you think spending a lot of time on a computer is useful? Spending a significant amount of time on a computer can indeed yield substantial benefits, provided it's approached with purpose and balance. Computers have revolutionised various domains, enabling efficient research, communication and innovation. However, it's imperative to strike a harmony between screen time and other aspects of a balanced life, such as physical activities and social interactions. This can help ensure a more holistic sense of well-being.