ZOE Science & Nutrition

We've probably all heard of “antihistamines,” medications that can ease symptoms of hay fever and other allergies. But what is “histamine”? It’s a vital chemical that our bodies produce, and it plays a role in a number of functions that support our health. Histamine intolerance seems to be increasingly common, but it’s difficult to diagnose. Some people may not be aware that they have it or how to treat it. In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan speaks with Dr. Will Bulsiewicz, ZOE’s U.S. medical director, to learn more about this flourishing area of research — and the best ways to identify and treat histamine intolerance. Will is a board-certified gastroenterologist, and New York Times bestselling author of the microbiome book Fiber Fueled. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Mentioned in today’s episode: Resistant potato starch supplementation reduces serum histamine levels in healthy adults with links to attenuated intestinal permeability published in Journal of Functional Foods Histamine and histamine intolerance published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Histamine intolerance: The current state of the art published in Biomolecules Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Stress is a main factor contributing to ill health, and Dr. Rangan Chatterjee believes that it’s the number-one cause of the illnesses he treats. In today's episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Rangan sheds light on the causes of stress, ranging from sleep deprivation and overwhelming workloads to a lack of quality time with others. You’ll learn how “microdoses” of stress can reach a tipping point, why recognizing these doses is key, and which powerful strategies can help you cope. Are you ready to transform your relationship to stress? Dr. Rangan Chatterjee is regarded as one of the most influential medical doctors in the U.K. He wants to change how medicine is practiced for years to come, and his mission is to help 100 million people around the globe live better lives. He’s a professor of health communication and education at the University of Chester, and he hosts one of the most listened-to health podcasts in the U.K. and Europe — Feel Better, Live More has had over 200 million listens to date and is listened to and watched by over 8 million people every month. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:24 Quickfire Questions 04:24 What is stress? 08:00 Our bodies respond to physical and emotional stress in a similar way 10:48 How much stress is bad for us? 16:17 How do micro stress doses affect us? 20:08 Modern life stress is different! 23:16 Stress is the number 1 cause of disease today 29:37 Do women and men perceive stress in the same way? 30:54 Breathing techniques for stress reduction 36:28 Movement and exercise for stress reduction 41:32 How to make new behaviors into habits 43:37 The impact of human touch 49:04 The power of journaling 52:54 Summary Mentioned in today’s episode: The impact of daily gentle touch stimulation on maternal-infant physiological and behavioral regulation and resilience from Infant Mental Health Journal Fogg Behavior Model from behaviourmodel.org The Stress Solution and Feel Better in 5 by Dr. Rangan Chatterjee Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

They’re not a plant or an animal — fungi are their very own kingdom of life. And their unique composition means they offer novel, often unbelievable, benefits to our health. Certain species of fungi are currently used to treat conditions ranging from cancer to depression. The love of mushrooms (or mycophilia) has grown in recent years. And at the heart of this movement is biologist Dr. Merlin Sheldrake, author of the bestseller Entangled Life: How Fungi Make Our Worlds, Change Our Minds and Shape Our Futures. In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan, Merlin, and ZOE Co-Founder Prof. Tim Spector ask: Why are mushrooms so special? 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 00:00 - Introduction 1:42 - Quickfire round 3:04 - What are fungi? 8:40 - The connection between fungi, plants & gut health 14:10 - The human impact on fungi 19:41 - Mushrooms and mental health 28:01 - Fungi as medicine 35:34 - Why should we eat mushrooms 40:39 - How to introduce more mushrooms into your diet 46:56 - How often should you eat mushrooms 51:17 - Summary 56:01 - Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Potential role of ergothioneine rich mushroom as anti-aging candidate through elimination of neuronal senescent cells from Brain Research Medicinal mushrooms in adjuvant cancer therapies: An approach to anticancer effects and presumed mechanisms of action from Nutrire Immunomodulatory effect of mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review from Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

From fads to fallacies, misconceptions have permeated diet narratives for decades. So, we dig in and demystify to forge a personalized path toward sustainable well-being. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by Prof. Christopher Gardner and podcast regular Dr. Sarah Berry. Christopher is a professor of medicine at Stanford University and the director of nutrition studies at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. Sarah is an associate professor in nutrition at King’s College London and chief scientist at ZOE. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 00:00 Intro 01:00 Quick fire questions 02:30 Why do people go on diets? 05:07 Is it too late to change your diet? 06:28 How to adopt a better diet lifestyle in the long term 11:06 What are the worst diets for our health? 16:47 Why is there such a big gap between the scientific evidence and what we see on the shelves? 19:49 What should we do to improve our diet? 25:40 Do whole foods make us feel more full? 31:14 What does plant based mean and how does it tie in with the mediterranean diet? 32:14 Why is fiber so good for us? 35:50 Is it healthy to have fat in your diet? 37:03 Are reduced fat foods in supermarkets as good as they claim to be? 39:33 Low carb vs low fat study 45:07 What dietry revalations can we expect to see this year? 52:15 Summary 57:39 Goodbyes/Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Life expectancy can increase by up to 10 years following sustained shifts towards healthier diets in the United Kingdom in Nature Popular dietary patterns: Alignment with American Heart Association 2021 dietary guidance: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association in AHA Journals Cardiometabolic effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins: A randomized clinical trial in JAMA Network Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: An inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake in Cell Metabolism Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-Month weight loss in overweight adults and the association with genotype pattern or insulin secretion: The DIETFITS randomized clinical trial in JAMA Network Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Each day this week, we examine one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll discover these diets' true impact on your health. Today, we’re talking about the Mediterranean diet. This indulgent diet champions vegetables, beans, fish, and even red wine, all with a liberal helping of extra virgin olive oil. However, this relatively high-fat diet undergoes many regional adaptations, and the wide range of options can be confusing, even intimidating, if you’re not that confident in the kitchen. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they discuss this diet's potential health benefits and pitfalls. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Topic Intro 02:42 What is the concept of the Mediterranean diet? 04:22 Why do we have more data on this diet? 06:08 What are the main differences between this and other diets? 07:30 How much meat is in the Mediterranean diet? 08:20 Is the Mediterranean diet a “whole food” diet? 09:10 How do whole grains fit into this diet? 10:06 Where do oils and legumes come into this? 11:31 What happens when you switch from a US/UK-centric diet to a Mediterranean diet? 13:23 What is going on inside the body to deliver the health benefits? 14:08 What are the possible challenges of the Mediterranean diet? 16:05 Keto vs. Mediterranean diet study 19:09 What's the verdict? 19:50 Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Adherence to Ketogenic and Mediterranean Study Diets in a Crossover Trial: The Keto-Med Randomized Trial, from Nutrients Effect of a ketogenic diet versus Mediterranean diet on glycated hemoglobin in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus, from the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here. Episode transcripts are available here.

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out these diets' true impact on your health. Today, we’re talking about the century-old paradigm of weight management — calorie counting. Rooted in the law of thermodynamics, the notion is simple: Consuming fewer calories than expended results in weight loss. While seemingly straightforward, the practical application of calorie counting can prove challenging, with many of us underestimating our calorie intake or finding it difficult to maintain this diet long-term. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they explore this diet's complexities, addressing its potential and pitfalls. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to https://zoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalised nutrition program. Top tips for better gut health from ZOE Science and Nutrition — Download our FREE gut guide Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Pre warning 00:52 Topic Intro 01:20 Why is calorie counting so popular? 02:40 Does it matter what you eat or only about total calorie intake? 04:14 What happens in your body when you eat fewer calories? 07:08 What does the science say now? 08:35 How does your metabolism change when you cut calories? 10:29 Why is the diet still so officially accredited? 11:23 What's the verdict? 12:30 Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Energy compensation and metabolic adaptation: "The Biggest Loser" study reinterpreted, from Obesity Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out the true impact of these diets on your health. Today, we’re talking about the carnivore diet, a zero-carb approach centered on meat, fish, eggs, and minimal dairy while excluding all plant foods and alcohol. Advocates claim it can help with autoimmune conditions, type 2 diabetes, and weight loss, asserting that our ancestors thrived eating this way. However, there are questions about nutrient deficiencies and excessive saturated fat intake with this diet. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they explore its purported advantages and drawbacks. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Topic intro 01:10 Why would anyone want to follow the carnivore diet? 01:45 What are people eating on this diet? 01:59 What would happen if you ate this way? 02:53 Can we get all the essential nutrients we need to live from this diet? 03:37 What are the claimed benefits of this diet? 04:21 Could you live on this diet long-term? 05:18 What are the differences between animal carnivores and us? 07:08 Are there any studies to show what happens when you follow it? 08:32 Why aren't there any official studies on the carnivore diet? 09:56 What's the verdict? 10:25 Outro Mentioned in this episode: Behavioral characteristics and self-reported health status among 2029 adults consuming a “Carnivore Diet”, from Current Developments in Nutrition Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out the true impact of these diets on your health. Today, we’re talking about the paleo diet, rooted in the idea of emulating our hunter-gatherer ancestors after concerns about the impact of a modern westernized diet packed with highly processed foods. However, the diet often involves consuming increased amounts of saturated fats, primarily from meat. This is associated with heightened cholesterol levels and heart disease risk. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they dissect the diet’s potential benefits, pitfalls, and sustainability. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Topic intro 02:05 Is the paleo diet a logical diet based on where we came from? 03:03 What’s so appealing about the stone age diet? 04:19 What’s the difference between paleo diets now and our authentic ancient diets? 05:30 What are the theoretical health benefits if you were to follow the paleo diet? 06:32 What are the downsides of following the paleo diet? 07:09 How closely does the ancestral paleo diet match our modern paleo diet? 09:25 What's the verdict? 10:04 Outro Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out these diets' true impact on your health. Today we’re talking about the low-fat diet, popularised in the 1970s and fueled by the belief that fat was the culprit behind heart disease and weight gain. However, the aftermath saw a surge in low-quality carbs. Food manufacturers, in the quest for low-fat options, replaced fats with sugar and refined grains, resulting in us opting for low-quality carbs over whole foods and whole grains. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, a professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they unravel the complexities of the low-fat diet, addressing its potential and pitfalls. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Topic Intro 02:11 Why do people still follow low fat diets today? 03:56 What happens in the body when you cut out fat? 05:26 Does a low fat diet make you healthier? 07:01 Is it possible to have a healthy low fat diet? 09:49 If you choose a low fat diet with healthy carbs, is it better than a high fat diet? 11:39 What happens if you remove all fat from your diet? 12:06 What's the verdict? 12:35 Outro Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out these diets' true impact on your health. Today we’re talking about the keto diet, a global phenomenon favoring fats over carbs, lauded for potential health benefits like improved blood sugar control and weight loss. Yet, the allure of keto does come with downsides. With a dearth of fiber and essential nutrients — as well a reputation for being notoriously difficult to keep on top of long-term — many find ketosis elusive. In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, a professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they unravel the keto diet's complexities, addressing its potential and pitfalls. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Top tips for better gut health from ZOE Science and Nutrition — Download our FREE gut guide Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:42 Topic Intro 01:54 Why would anyone follow the keto diet? 02:59 What's the theory behind cutting carbs and switching to fat? 04:16 What happens in your body if you follow keto correctly? 05:59 What are the possible health benefits of switching to the keto diet? 06:34 What are the downsides to following the keto diet? 07:54 Keto diet study 10:01 What's the verdict? 11:37 Outro Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Many of us want to make positive changes to our eating patterns in January. But it’s not easy. Ultra-processed foods, for example, are everywhere. So how can we make healthy habits stick? In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by James Clear and Dr. Federica Amati, who offer strategies for overcoming obstacles and changing the way we eat, so we can all have longer, healthier lives. James Clear is a writer, speaker, and author of the number-one New York Times bestseller Atomic Habits. Dr. Federica Amati is a medical scientist and an Association for Nutrition-accredited nutritionist, as well as the head nutritionist at ZOE. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Timecodes: 01:46 – Quickfire round 04:39 – New Year’s Resolutions 08 :47 – Why is it hard to achieve goals? What role do food companies play? 13:04 – Self-identity driven goals rather than result driven 20:14 – The challenge ultra-processed foods pose 27:30 – How to think about making changes to support New Year’s resolutions 29:24 – James’ 4 laws, make it: obvious, attractive, easy, satisfying 33:57 – Make it obvious: how your environment 40:00 – How you social circle and community affects your habits 43:50 – 3rd law: make it easy 47:19 – How many times do you need to do something to make it a habit 53:13 – 4th law: make it satisfying 55:07 – How can we approach healthy food with our children? 58:27 – Summary and outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Atomic Habits by James Clear Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Professor Andy Galpin brings you evidence-based exercise regimes to make a fitter future achievable for everyone. Most people need to do more exercise. Despite us being aware of its obvious benefits to our health, we can still struggle to get active. So, what’s holding us back? A persistent injury, lack of free time, or simply not knowing how to get started? Dr. Andy Galpin believes it’s always possible to incorporate exercise. In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Andy ask: How can you improve your fitness to live a long, healthy life? 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 - Introduction 1:03 - Quickfire round 4:16 - Definition of kinesiology, fitness, strength training, and cardio 11:57 - How do you measure fitness? 13:37 - Fitness and its impact on longevity 18:41 - Strength and its impact on longevity 23:06 - Strength training and its link to brain health 31:22 - Lowering blood pressure with strength training 40:15 - How to start strength training 45:07 - Summary and outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Demand Coupling Drives Neurodegeneration: A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia. (2022) from Cells Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here

Did you know that you can potentially extend your life by 10 years if you eat the right foods and that this is even possible if put into practice later in life? Inflammation is the cause of most diseases and illnesses, if you would like to learn how to reduce inflammation then look no further! In today’s episode, Prof. Tim Spector and Dr Will Bulsiewicz delve into the gut microbiome, how it reacts to different foods and overall well-being. We learn about microbial diversity and its pivotal role in reducing inflammation. Dr. Will Bulsiewicz is board-certified in internal medicine and gastroenterology. He’s also a New York Times bestselling author. Dr. B has won multiple awards and distinctions for his work as a clinician. Prof. Tim Spector is a Professor of Genetic Epidemiology at King’s College London, director of the Twins UK study, Scientific co-founder at ZOE, and one of the world’s leading researchers. He's also the author of Food for Life, his latest book focusing on nutrition and health. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Top tips to control your gut from ZOE Science and Nutrition - Download our FREE gut guide Follow ZOE on Instagram Audio Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:14 Quick Fire Questions 03:27 What is Inflammation? 07:40 Why is too much inflammation bad for you? 09:06 This is at the core of most diseases… 19:07 How blood sugar levels affect inflammation 24:22 What is the role of Gut and the gut barrier? 15:22 How does food affect inflammation? 23:47 What is the role of Gut and the gut barrier? 28:06 Gut microbes love good food! 30:09 Inflammation and Gut Microbes: A two-way Street 35:00 More plants and fermented food will reduce inflammation 40:15 We need microbiome diversity 45:45 Non-Dietary Approaches to Reduce Inflammation 47:57 Benefits of Time-Restricted Eating 52:01 Summary Mentioned in todays episode: Gut microbiota targeted diets modulate human immune status from Cell The Big IF Study: What did we find? From ZOE PREDICT: The world's largest in-depth nutritional research program from ZOE Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Happy New Year! Thinking about extreme dieting this January? Think again. There are easy ways to eat well and boost your immune system while still enjoying every mouthful. In today’s episode, Tim and Sarah break down seven essential strategies for eating healthily in 2024. They also debunk common misconceptions, emphasize the importance of food quality, and encourage you to focus on the sheer enjoyment of what you eat. Dr. Sarah Berry is an associate professor in the department of nutritional sciences at King's College London and chief scientist at ZOE. Prof. Tim Spector is one of the world's top 100 most cited scientists and scientific co-founder of ZOE. 🌱 Try our new plant based wholefood supplement - Daily 30 *Naturally high in copper which contributes to normal energy yielding metabolism and the normal function of the immune system Learn how your body responds to food 👉 zoe.com/podcast for 10% off Follow Tim on Instagram Follow Sarah on Instagram Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 02:30 Why does what we eat matter? 04:14 Are most people in the West eating well? 05:45 What are the risk factors of a bad diet? 07:20 Strategy #1: Food is more than fuel 10:38 Food is an energy source for our gut microbes 14:25 Strategy #2: Fat is not your enemy 18:00 Breaking the low fat diet myth 21:30 Strategy #3: Eat more Plants 25:11 What are plant based foods? 29:56 Strategy #4: Reduce ultra processed foods 34:38 What are the food guidelines with ultra processed food? 39:18 Strategy #5: Reduce your blood sugar spikes 42:59 Which carbohydrates are healthy? 52:00 Strategy #6: Eat fermented foods 56:25 Do probiotics have the same effect as eating fermented foods? 1:00:22 Strategy #7: Stick to an eating window 1:08:43 Summary Mentioned in todays episode: The Big IF Study from ZOE Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here

In this special two-part episode, we’re taking a journey back through all of our episodes to bring you 10 actionable tips that will have a big impact on your nutritional health. Here, in part two, we’ll find out why you should stop counting sheep and how fidgeting can boost your health. These are evidence-backed tips to help you live and eat healthier. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalised nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:30 Which oil is best? 06:45 Plants and the microbiome 10:37 Move after eating 16:40 Give your gut a rest 23:20 Getting to sleep Resources from ZOE: Which oil is best? Plants and the microbiome Move after eating to manage blood sugar Give your gut a rest Getting good sleep Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here

In this special two-part episode, we’re taking a journey back through all of our episodes to bring you 10 actionable tips that will have a big impact on your nutritional health. Here, in part one, we’ll explore whether you actually need to spend more on organic food, why snacking can help your diet, and plenty more. These are evidence-backed tips to help you live and eat healthier. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalised nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:57 Snacking 8:44 Ultra-processed foods 14:58 Organic food 21:00 Fermented foods 28:47 Protein Resources from ZOE: Snacking Ultra-processed foods Organic food Fermented foods Protein Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Do you realize how closely your diet affects your general health and well-being? Have you ever wondered how advertising affects what you eat? How much do you think your childhood diet is affecting your health in the long run? In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by Prof. Walter Willett to discuss the importance of carefully considering what you eat and making decisions that support your health. Professor Walter Willett, from the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, is the world's most cited nutritional scientist — with over 2,000 publications and several books to his name. Prof. Willett has focused much of his work over the last 40 years on the development and evaluation of methods to study the effects of diet on the occurrence of major diseases. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:42 Quickfire questions 04:07 What is the average Western diet today? 08:01 Why is so hard to get a straight answer on diet and disease? 10:15 The latest understanding on the link between diet and disease 14:31 Carbohydrates: distinguishing the beneficial from the detrimental 17:47 The hidden truths behind refined starches and sugary beverages 27:06 Diet is a public health issue 32:18 How bad is red meat consumption and soy alternative? 46:09 Exploring the impact of childhood dietary habits on lifelong health 54:21 Is it too late to change what we eat and benefit from it? 58:10 Walters view on the current American diet guildelines 1:05:15 What is the influence of vitamin supplements on sustaining peak vitality? 1:09:13 How the traditional Mediterranean diet can prevent diseases 1:11:07 Summary Mentioned in today’s episode: Diet assessment methods in the Nurses' Health Studies and contribution to evidence-based nutritional policies and guidelines from the American Journal of Public health Diet, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes: A review from the Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study 2, and Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study from Current Nutrition Reports Association between healthy eating patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease from JAMA Internal Medicine The Mediterranean diet: Science and practice from Public Health Nutrition Books: Nutritional Epidemiology by Walter Willet Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here Episode transcripts are available here.

Do you know what FODMAPs are? Many of us aren’t aware of these cryptic carbohydrates hidden in everyday foods. How can undigested FODMAPs cause bloating, gas, and other symptoms as they ferment in your gut? In today’s episode, Dr. Will Bulsiewicz, ZOE’S U.S. medical director and a board-certified gastroenterologist, teaches us about FODMAPs and how to tell if a low-FODMAP diet could be right for you. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Mentioned in today’s episode: Nutritional, microbiological and psychosocial implications of the low FODMAP diet from Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Personal view: Food for thought — Western lifestyle and susceptibility to Crohn's disease. The FODMAP hypothesis from Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Low fermentable, oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyol diet in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis from Nutrition Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet improves symptoms in adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to standard IBS diet: A meta-analysis of clinical studies from PLoS One Nutritional, microbiological and psychosocial implications of the low FODMAP diet from the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

As we age, the distribution of our body fat changes, particularly around menopause. Most people think of body fat as bad, but fat tissue plays a number of hugely important roles in our health. In today’s episode of ZOE Science and Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Dr. Sarah Berry and Prof. Deborah Clegg. Together, they debunk the myth that fat is bad, enlighten us about why body fat is distributed where it is, and explore the differences in fat distribution between men and women. Deborah Clegg is a professor and Vice President for Research at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso. Her research focuses on sex differences in metabolism, adipose tissue, and the brain and the impact this has on our health. Dr. Sarah Berry is one of the world's leading experts on human nutrition. She has run more than 20 randomized clinical trials looking at how humans respond to different fats. Head to zoe.com/podcast if you want to uncover the right foods for your body and get 10% off your ZOE membership. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 Intro 04:00 What is body fat? 06:32 What is healthy fat? 07:52 Female vs male body fat 11:56 Why is belly fat the most unhealthy? 19:43 Waist to hip ratio 21:24 How estrogen affects fat distribution 27:41 Perimenopause symptoms 31:01 Fat cells producing estrogen 36:00 Hunger the menopause 38:46 Weight gain and the menopause 40:54 Physical changes in men 42:28 Exercise and fat distribution 43:26 What to eat during menopause 46:37 Estrogen supplements Mentioned in today’s episode: The evolutionary impact and influence of oestrogens on adipose tissue structure and function from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2023 Menopause is associated with postprandial metabolism, metabolic health and lifestyle: The ZOE PREDICT study from EBioMedicine 2022 Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Admit it, exercise isn't everyone's favorite pastime. Of course, our ancestors weren't hitting the gym by choice — our evolution has wired us to stay active, and this natural activity actually slows down the aging process. The good news is that you can achieve the benefits without feeling like you're "exercising." In today’s episode, Prof. Daniel Lieberman debunks exercise myths. He also teaches us how exercise impacts our health and how learning from our evolution can unlock the secrets of a longer life. Daniel Lieberman is a paleoanthropologist at Harvard University. He’s the Edwin M. Lerner II Professor of Biological Sciences and a professor in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology. He’s best known for his research on the evolution of the human mind and the human body. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:34 Quickfire questions 03:22 The Rudyard Kipling view of our ancestors 04:54 Is exercise good for us and why do most of us hate it? 06:19 For millions of years, people were physically active for 2 reasons only… 15:38 Our bodies have evolved to save calroies and preserve energy 18:31 It’s normal to think your life is normal 22:27 We need to exercise because we don’t move enough! 34:00 Diet, exercise and sleep can prevent these diseases… 39:54 The active Grandparent hypothesis 43:10 Study of men matriculating as undergraduates at Harvard University 49:44 How can we enjoy keeping physically active? 01:00:00 The importance of weights exercise 01:06:43 Summary Mentioned in today’s episode: Three generations of HSPH researchers explore health benefits of exercise from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Stanford marshmallow test experiment, a summary from Simply Psychology We also mention Daniel’s book Exercised: The Science of Physical Activity, Rest and Health, and you can find it here. Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

We’ve been working for the past 2 years on a randomized controlled trial of ZOE membership. Participants used personalized nutrition advice to try to improve their health — and the results are fascinating. In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan, Sarah, and Tim ask: How did ZOE hold up as part of this trial? If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes 01:03 - Quickfire round 02:10 - Sarah’s first impression of Jonathan 05:29 - What is an RCT 10:20 - What is ZOE and how does it work 14:14 - What did the RCT participants experience 16:16 - Using cookies to measure blood sugar 20:07 - What is blood fat 25:02 - What happens once you’ve done your tests 26:17 - Recent dietary changes Jonathan, Sarah and Tim have made 34:52 - How are you guided through the ZOE program 37:19 - Control group vs ZOE group 41:23 - Results of the ZOE RCT 45:03 - Do other wellness products have RCTs 47:57 - Will the results be greater after a year of ZOE 54:44 - Does the ZOE membership work 57:02 - The difference between ZOE and other medical devices 58:44 - Summary and outro Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Mentioned in today’s episode: Epidemiology of constipation in Europe and Oceania: A systematic review published in BMC Gastroenterology Recent advances in understanding and managing chronic constipation published in F1000Research Human Postprandial Responses to Food and Potential for Precision Nutrition published in Nature Medicine Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals published in Nature Medicine Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals published in Nature Medicine Episode transcripts are available here. Have feedback or a topic you'd like us to cover? Let us know here

Heart disease is among the top five causes of death globally, and it’s the first in the United States and United Kingdom. In the U.S., it causes 1 in 5 deaths. But what is heart disease, exactly? Can we take steps to avoid it? Prof. Eric Rimm, of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, is here to enlighten us. In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Eric explore what we can do to reduce our chances of getting heart disease. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 00:15 - Intro 01:07 - Quick fire questions 02:10 - Biggest myth about Heart Disease 03:2 6 - What is Heart Disease? 08:03 - What is a stroke? 10:29 - What are the differences in Heart Disease symptoms between men and women? 12:51 - Did you know that… 14:24 - The multi-decade diet study 21:24 - The 4 ways to lower chances Heart Disease 28:16 - Weight and Heart Disease 32:09 - What can you do to reduce Heart Disease risk? 34:30 - Exercise and Heart Disease risk 37:11 - Body Weight and Heart Disease risk 38:01 - Diet and Heart Disease risk 41:06 - Sleep and Heart Disease risk 46:18 - What is the cutting edge research in Heart Disease? 49:35 - Summary 53:18 - Conclusion Mentioned in today’s episode: Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease from Nature Medicine Frequency, type, and volume of leisure-time physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in young women from Circulation Diet, lifestyle, biomarkers, genetic factors, and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Nurses’ Health Studies from the American Journal of Public Health Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it. Episode transcripts are available here.

What are lectins, and are they dangerous? These “antinutrients” have come under attack and were recently the subject of a dietary fad fueled by a popular book. As always, there’s more to the story. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by Dr. Will Bulsiewicz to dive deep into the world of lectins. They dissect questionable studies, debunk myths, and offer expert advice about how to approach foods containing these misunderstood compounds. Will is a board-certified gastroenterologist with 14 years of experience. He’s also the New York Times best-selling author of Fiber Fueled and ZOE’s U.S. medical director. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram. Mentioned in today’s episode: Lectins as bioactive plant proteins: A potential in cancer treatment from Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition Plant-derived lectins as potential cancer therapeutics and diagnostic tools from BioMed Research International A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects from the European Journal of Nutrition Dietary legume consumption reduces risk of colorectal cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis of cohort studies from Scientific Reports Intake of legumes and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis from Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Legume consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in adults: A prospective assessment from the PREDIMED study from Clinical Nutrition The effects of legume consumption on markers of glycaemic control in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials from Nutrients Effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials from The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition The "white kidney bean incident" in Japan from Methods in Molecular Biology Fructan, rather than gluten, induces symptoms in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity from Gastroenterology Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it. Episode transcripts are available here.

Can the power of your thoughts help defy aging? Could your mind help improve your eyesight or even heal wounds faster? These ideas might seem far-fetched, but our guest, Harvard Professor Ellen Langer, has spent four decades uncovering the real science behind this. In this episode, discover how to harness your mind-body connection to enhance your well-being. Ellen Langer is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University. In 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard. Prof. Langer studies the illusion of control, decision-making, aging, and mindfulness theory. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:48 Quickfire questions 04:34 The mind and body should be understood as one unit 05:42 The counterclockwise study 06:51 Chambermaid exercise study 09:33 What is Mindfulness? 10:59 All of the misery we experience is a function of our mindlessness 14:47 Mindful optimism 23:12 Everything should be different, every day of your life 25:33 How Ellen approaches a simple eyesight test 28:21 We have more control over our health and lives than we think… 33:35 Placebos could be our strongest medicines… 39:00 Blood sugar study results 44:50 How to approach mindfulness 54:05 Summary Mentioned in today’s episode: Ageing as a mindset: A counterclockwise experiment to rejuvenate older adults sponsored by Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Mind-set matters: Exercise and the placebo effect from Psychological Science The Mindful Body and Mindfulness, two books by Prof. Langer Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Do you feel like your muscles are shrinking or getting weaker? Many people gradually lose muscle mass as they get older. And this leads to an increased risk of falls, osteoporosis, and fractures. When it comes to your muscles, it’s a case of use them or lose them. But what is the most effective way to use our muscles and maintain strength? Ex-bodybuilder and professor of exercise science Brad Schoenfeld tells us how. And it’s easier than you might think! In today’s episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Brad ask: How can you maintain muscle mass as you age? If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram Timecodes: 00:00 - Introduction 1:25 - Quickfire round 2:38 - How do our muscles work 3:01 - Why are muscles important for our health 5:15 - The loss of muscles and how to prevent it 8:19 - Resistance training - How it builds muscles 11:24 - Nutrition and muscle growth 13:01 - How muscle growth changes with age 17:45 - Resistance training vs Cardio 20:20 - How to do resistance training 28:11 - No time to exercise? 30:28 - What weight to train with 36:10 - How menopause affects muscle maintenance 41:13 - Summary and outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Effects of resistance training on muscle size and strength in very elderly adults from Sports Medicine Strength and hypertrophy adaptations between low- vs. high-load resistance Training from The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

More than 50 systemic health conditions — including Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and heart disease — are associated with oral disease. The link between systemic and oral conditions is always microbial, inflammatory, or both. So, how can we look after our gums to improve our health? In today’s episode, Jonathan and Prof. Alp Kantarci pose the question: How does the health of your oral cavity shape your general health? Dr. Alp Kantarci is a professor, scientist, dentist, oral health researcher, periodontist, dental implant surgeon, and senior member of staff at the Forsyth Institute, an independent research institute that focuses on the connections between oral health and overall wellness. Dr. Kantarci is also a faculty member at Harvard University School of Dental Medicine. He has published more than 190 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has presented more than 170 talks and posters at dental and medical congresses. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Timecodes: 01:35 - Quickfire questions 04:11 - What is oral health? 08:35 - How is our oral health connected to the health of the rest of our body? 11:01 - Oral microbiome 18:48 - Why does bad oral health affect the rest of the body? 22:47 - How much does the state of our oral health contribute to dementia? 25:48 - The link between oral health and diabetes 28:31 - The link between oral health and cardiovascular diseases 32:41 - What are the key steps to look after our oral health? 35:36 - Alp’s view on mouthwash 37:51 - Oral health & probiotics 42:22 - Impact of food on our oral health 45:45 - Does sparkling water affect our oral health? 50:04 - Summary 52:34 - Goodbyes 52:41 - Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Dementia and the risk of periodontitis: A population-based cohort study from the Journal of Dental Research. Microglial response to experimental periodontitis in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease from Scientific Reports. Fusobacterium nucleatum dissemination by neutrophils from the Journal of Oral Microbiology. Safety and preliminary efficacy of a novel host-modulatory therapy for reducing gingival inflammation from Frontiers in Immunology. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Not all of us want to go to the gym 5 times a week, but what if there was a way to do quick, short high intensity 20 second exercises and still reap benefits - or does that sound too good to be true? Javier and Jonathan break this down as they look at recent studies and results, optimizing exercise routines to achieve the desired health benefits, taking into account factors like intensity, duration, and frequency as well as discussing the effect of working from home vs commuting to the office. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Follow ZOE on Instagram Mentioned in today’s episode: The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training vs Steady State Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity; from The Journal of Sports and Science Medicine Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Your gut microbiome, a bustling community of microorganisms, is a vital player in your overall health. It doesn’t just impact your digestive system — it has a profound influence on your brain health and well-being. However, the gut microbiome is a complex, long misunderstood realm, and figuring out how it affects daily life can leave even the most dedicated health enthusiasts scratching their heads. Here at ZOE, we’ve transformed our understanding of this bustling microbial world, where both “good” and “bad” gut bacteria reside. In today’s episode, Jonathan speaks with Prof. Nicola Segata and Prof. Tim Spector to explore how ZOE's microbiome testing and unique microbiome health scores provide personalized insights into your gut health. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Nicola Segata is a professor and principal investigator at the Laboratory of Computational Metagenomics, at the CIBIO department of the University of Trento. His background is in metagenomics, machine learning, microbiome research, and microbial genomics. Tim Spector is ZOE's scientific co-founder and one of the world's top 100 most cited scientists. Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:41 Quick fire questions 03:38 Why should we care about gut microbes? 07:00 How many different microbes do we have in our gut? 11:37 Why would we want to measure our microbiome? 13:15 Can we change our microbiome? 18:00 Is it possible to make a dramatic change in your microbiome over time? 20:21 What does the latest data tell us about improving our diet? 23:24 How does the ZOE micobiome gut test work? 27:07 What goes on in the lab to get these results? 30:54 Is there enough information in the gut microbiome to make a full health assessment? 34:20 What can our microbes tell us about diseases? 35:55 What useful information does the microbiome test show us? 36:51 Are we still making new discoveries in the microbiome? 41:03 Do different microbes prefer specific foods? 43:14 How do different lifestyles around the world change your microbiome? 47:44 5 simple tips to improve gut health 50:45 How rapidly can you damage your microbiome? 53:58 Can taking painkillers regularly negatively impact the microbiome? 56:10 Summary 60:03 Goodbyes/Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: The person-to-person transmission landscape of the gut and oral microbiomes from Nature Sharing of gut microbial strains between selected individual sets of twins cohabitating for decades from PLoS One A genetic gift for sushi eaters from Nature Find Nicola on ResearchGate and X. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

There’s been a surge in our consumption of ultra-processed foods, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States, where these foods contribute about two-thirds of people’s caloric intake. Also a cause for concern is emerging evidence of ultra-processed foods’ detrimental effect on our brain health and overall well-being. When most of our calories come from ultra-processed foods, the risk of chronic physical and mental health conditions escalates. Scientists are now uncovering the intricate mechanisms behind this relationship, particularly concerning the effects of these foods on our brains. In today’s episode, we welcome back Prof. Felice Jacka, OAM. Felice is an Alfred Deakin professor of nutritional psychiatry and the director of the Food & Mood Centre at Deakin University, in Australia. She’s also the founder of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research and the world’s leading researcher on food’s impact on our brain and mental health. Now, she’s back on the show to delve deeper into the effects of ultra-processed foods on mental health and the brain, specifically the hippocampus, an area responsible for learning and memory. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Intro 01:19 Quick fire questions 04:17 What is ultra processed food? 05:37 What is the NOVA classification? 08:18 How does food impact the brain? 10:33 What does the hippocampus do to influence our brain function? 12:58 Is there a link between the size of the hippocampus and quality of diet? 13:45 Is there a link between the quality of diet and depression? 20:37 What are the effects of long term dietary habits? 21:33 Is there a link between poor diet and dementia 23:18 Is there a link between autism and diet? 24:00 How real is the link between diet and dementia? 24:57 What is the oral microbiome? 28:16 New trial between whole foods and vitamin enriched nutritional foods 29:28 How does processing foods impact the makeup of foods on a molecular level? 32:10 How does the biodiversity around us affect our body? 33:08 How does the industrialized food environment impact us? 35:50 How strong is the evidence for this? is it comparable to smoking? 39:12 Practical tips to help with our diet 40:07 How does reducing consumption of UPF affect us? 41:25 How to cut down on UPF 44:04 Is it too late to change your diet? 45:39 Does exercise impact our brain? 47:41 Summary 52:57 Goodbyes/Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: The SMILES trial published in BMC Medicine Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Mental Health published in Nutrients Western diet is associated with a smaller hippocampus also in BMC Medicine Learn more about Felice on the Food & Mood Centre’s website. Follow Felice on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Get science-based nutrition advice straight to your inbox: https://bit.ly/3ExWxCG Most of us like to have breakfast before we exercise in the morning, but what happens if we don’t eat anything first? The issue goes beyond weight loss and exercise timing to involve blood sugar, insulin sensitivity, and other — perhaps unexpected — aspects of your health. In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Professor Javier Gonzalez ask: Should we exercise on an empty stomach? If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalised nutrition program. Mentioned in today’s episode: Lipid metabolism links nutrient-exercise timing to insulin sensitivity in men classified as overweight or obese from The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Body composition changes associated with fasted versus non-fasted aerobic exercise from Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition The Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting Time in Adults with Standing and Light-Intensity Walking on Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis from Sport Medicine Exercising Tactically for Taming Postmeal Glucose Surges from Hindawi Exercise-stimulated glucose uptake — regulation and implications for glycaemic control from Nature Reviews Endocrinology Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

As a listener to this show, you’ve probably heard of the gut microbiome. But did you know that your skin has its own microbiome? Recent evidence suggests that these microbiomes are vital for our skin health. So, what should we do? Which foods make an impact? And if we want our skin to look healthier, how about those collagen supplements that many of you have asked us about? In today’s episode, our guest is Dr. Justine Kluk, a consultant dermatologist with a specialist interest in acne. Justine is a member of the British Association of Dermatologists, the Royal Society of Medicine, and the Royal College of Physicians. ZOE’s Chief Scientist Dr. Sarah Berry also joins as a cohost to explore these ideas. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Intro 02:01 Quick Fire questions 03:52 What does skin do? 04:51 Why is the skin so important? 06:34 Is there a correlation between aging skin and health? 07:41 What is the skin microbiome? 11:46 Is exposure to the natural environment beneficial for children? 12:39 Can we change the skin microbiome? 13:32 Would an oral or topical probiotic help improve our skin microbiome 15:11 What can we do to help support the skin barrier? 15:39 Can overwashing/scrubbing disturb your skin? 16:40 Why does acne matter? 18:37 Is acne just found in teenagers? 19:12 What effect does menopause have on your skin? 20:36 What impact does diet have on acne? 22:14 Are diets with high glycemic content bad for acne? 23:01 What is happening to create the effects of acne? 24:23 Is there a connection between our gut health and skin health? 25:15 Practical advice for people with acne 28:16 Diet tips to help support healthy skin 29:51 How has the ZOE diet gone down in Jonathan and Justine's household? 32:54 How can the ZOE diet help with day-to-day cooking habits? 35:46 What causes skin aging? 37:44 What can we do to slow down skin aging? 39:55 Do collagen supplements work to keep your skin youthful? 41:52 How can retinol help your skin? 42:30 3 things that could help keep your skin young 43:31 Top nutrition skin myths 45:50 How important is it to apply sun protection? 46:36 How does stress impact our skin? 48:38 Questions for Jonathan 54:57 Summary & Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Mortality is written on the face from The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Too clean, or not too clean: the hygiene hypothesis and home hygiene from Clinical & Experimental Allergy Impact of outdoor nature-related activities on gut microbiota, fecal serotonin, and perceived stress in preschool children from Scientific Reports Justine shares more in-depth skincare and acne information at drjustinekluk.com and as @drjustinekluk on Instagram Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Millions of us are counting calories every day. But do we know if those numbers truly reflect the energy we get from eating? It’s about time that we debunked the “one-size-fits-all” approach to calorie counting and unmasked the outdated methodologies that contribute to inaccuracies in food labeling. In today’s episode, Jonathan and Dr. Sarah Berry ask: How exactly do we measure calories, and is calorie counting actually effective? Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe Mentioned in today’s episode: The Wilbur Olin Atwater Papers from the United States Department of Agriculture Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it. Episode transcripts are available here.

Antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century. Since their inception, they’ve saved countless lives, but these miracle drugs come at a cost. In some cases, they can seriously affect your health or can even be life-threatening. In today’s episode, Jonathan puts himself under the microscope. After an injury forced him to take antibiotics, he shows you the effect they had on his own gut bacteria. Jonathan’s joined by Dr. Will Bulsiewicz and Prof. Tim Spector, who explore the impact of different types of antibiotics, how they affect your bacteria in the short and long term, and how we can reverse the unwanted effect of these drugs. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Intro 00:15 Jonathan’s Intro 00:50 Quickfire round 01:40 Jonathan’s accident 04:00 Unpacking clindamycin 11:40 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea 14:45 Side effects prevention advice 22:20 Jonathan’s gut at 7 days 27:50 Fermented foods 27:00 Tips for building your gut back up 41:30 Benefits vs. risks 48:00 Summary 51:20 Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Post-antibiotic gut mucosal microbiome reconstitution is impaired by probiotics and improved by autologous FMT from Cell Saccharomyces boulardii: What makes it tick as successful probiotic? From the Journal of Fungi Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Whether you’re frying, baking, or topping your toast, most of you will eat either butter or margarine at some point today. The fact that these spreads are such a staple means that we need to know their effects on our health. And It might surprise you to learn that this impact has changed quite dramatically over the past 20 years. In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Dr. Sarah ask: Which is healthier, butter or margarine? Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Follow ZOE on Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Mentioned in today’s episode: Margarine from Science Direct Margarines: Historical approach, technological aspects, nutritional profile, and global trends from Food Research International Reduction of LDL-cholesterol as a result of the change from butter to soft margarine from Polish Archives of Internal Medicine Americans' per capita consumption of margarine & butter from the USDA Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Unfortunately, many of us spend our later years in poor health. But is this avoidable? And can we actually increase our healthy years? While aging is inevitable, there are steps we can take to minimize its effects on our health. And surprisingly, some of these steps have nothing to do with exercise or diet. Simply spending time with others can provide countless benefits to us as we age. But how can we maintain these connections? Does retirement affect our social interactions? And can attitude alone keep you healthier in your later years? In today’s episode, one of the world’s top experts on aging, Prof. Rose Anne Kenny, joins us to explore these ideas. Rose Anne is a world-leading geriatrician at Trinity College Dublin, where she leads a huge, long-term study on aging. She’s also the author of the number one international bestseller Age Proof: The New Science of Living a Longer and Healthier Life. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 - Intro 00:13 - Quickfire round 01:14 - What’s the biggest myth about aging? 04:18 - What is aging? 07:43 - Aging process predictors 13:50 - Our growing elderly population 15:14 - Retirement 19:21 - Study on aging and social interaction 24:57 - Importance of social participation 27:38 - Studying the effects of loneliness 29:56 - Combating loneliness 31:13 - How attitude affects aging 33:20 - Social interaction online 36:08 - Creating social relationships 48:42 - Summary and Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: The Dunedin Study, a long-term study designed to investigate broader questions of child health and development from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) from Trinity College Dublin You can buy Rose Anne’s book here. Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

We’ve all had unpleasant toilet experiences in our time. It can be distressing to deal with and not something we like talking about. But when does normal diarrhea become chronic? And when do we need to seek medical care? In today’s episode, Jonathan and Dr Will ask what is chronic diarrhea and how can we rule out something more serious? Will also shares tricks of the trade to ease your symptoms and tells us how our amazing guts work to keep our whole body healthy. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Mentioned in today’s episode: Chronic Diarrhea by Garrett J. Descoteaux-Friday; Isha Shrimanker from the National Library of Medicine Chronic Diarrhea by Cleveland Clinic Diarrhea From John Hopkins Medicine Diarrhea From Stamford Medicine Healthcare Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) From Loma Linda University Health Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

What does "organic" food mean? And how do you know if something's organic? Of course, foods tell you if they're organic in massive letters on the packaging. And they cost way more. But what makes a food organic? Is eating organic better for your health? And are the benefits worth the expense? Luckily, Professor Tim Spector is here today with answers. Tim is one of the world's top 100 most cited scientists, a scientific co-founder of ZOE, and the author of the bestselling book Food for Life: The New Science of Eating Well. Stick around until the end, and you'll also find out the answer to a question we get often: Does Tim eat organic? Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 - Intro 01:21 - Quickfire round 02:36 - What is organic food? 03:06 - Pesticides vs insecticides 08:06 - Diseases 09:15 - Herbicide risks 16:03 - Nutrient comparison 18:21 - Natural chemical defences 20:32 - Does Tim Eat organic food? 22:15 - Foods high in chemicals 25:32 - Organic and cost 26:56 - Washing food 31:11 - Summary and outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Organic food consumption and the incidence of cancer in a large prospective study of women in the United Kingdom from the British Journal of Cancer Association of frequency of organic food consumption with cancer risk from JAMA Internal Medicine Impacts of dietary exposure to pesticides on faecal microbiome metabolism in adult twins from Environmental Health Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Get science-based nutrition advice delivered straight to your inbox. https://bit.ly/46BPTYz Are you trying to eat less sugar? If you are, you might have tried a natural sugar alternative. Stevia, robinia honey, coconut sugar, agave… the list of these table sugar replacements seems to be growing day by day. But what even are these alternatives? Are they really natural? And do they offer us a healthier way of getting that sweet taste? In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Dr. Sarah ask: What are natural sugar alternatives, and are they healthier than table sugar? Follow ZOE on Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Mentioned in today’s episode: The artificial sweetener erythritol and cardiovascular event risk from Nature Medicine Effects of D-allulose on glucose tolerance and insulin response from BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care Effects of stevia on glycemic and lipid profile of type 2 diabetic patients from the Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine Agave syrup: Chemical analysis and nutritional profile from the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Are natural sugar alternatives healthier? from Harvard Health Publishing Alternative sugars - agave nectar from British Dental Journal Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Decades ago, there were reams of adverts instructing us to drink our milk so we don’t break our bones. But in the decades since, public opinion toward dairy is very different, and the scientific community has largely debunked these ideas. Many of the health-conscious among us choose to avoid it altogether. Our reasons range from a belief that dairy leads to inflammation, to acne, or even to an increased risk of heart attack due to high levels of saturated fat. But have we fallen into the same trap we often do, bouncing from one extreme to another? Could cutting out dairy mean we miss out on vital nutrients? Or could it hold the secret to a healthy gut microbiome? Today, Jonathan is joined by ZOE regulars and renowned experts, Dr. Sarah Berry and Prof. Tim Spector. In this episode, you’ll not only find out whether you should eat dairy or cut it out, but you’ll also hear two leading nutritional scientists try to reach an agreement on how to translate the latest research into actionable advice. And hopefully, they’ll still remain friends afterward. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 - Intro 00:13 - Jonathan’s Intro 01:38 - Quickfire round 02:45 - Biggest myth about dairy 04:15 - Does dairy cause inflammation? 10:38 - Bone fragilaty 16:03 - Cheese and Yogurt 16:59 - Full fat vs semi skinned 17:27 - Milk and cholesterol 21:03 - Fermented dairy 23:00 - dairy and microbes 26:03 - Saturated fats 26:51 - Cheese quality 31:15 - Summary 33:03 - Goodbyes 33:14 - Outro Follow ZOE on Instagram. Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

More than half of women who go through menopause find its symptoms distressing. In fact, 10% leave their jobs because of the burden. It’s no wonder that a huge selection of supplements claim to relieve menopause’s unpleasant effects. But do they actually work? Which products are backed by clinical evidence, and which are just “menowashing”? In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Dr. Sarah Berry ask: What’s the evidence behind menopause supplements? Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Mentioned in today’s episode: Introduction to menopause from John Hopkins Medicine What is menopause? from The National Institute on Aging What you should know about hormone therapy and menopause from the Columbia University Irving Medical Centre Menopause symptoms in depth from the National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health Menopause supplements: Effectiveness, side effects, and safety from Medical News Today The role of diet in managing menopause symptoms from Nutrition Bulletin Revealing the evidence-based diet solutions to managing your menopause symptoms from Nutrition Bulletin Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Evidence shows that all over the world, people are snacking more — with the United Kingdom and the United States leading the way in unhealthy snacking habits. But what exactly counts as a snack? And is all snacking unhealthy? Snacking can be a confusing and controversial topic. There are various opinions and myths about what's good for you. Many people struggle to make healthy choices, while others may be unaware of the impact of snacking habits on their gut health and overall well-being. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by ZOE regulars and renowned experts Sarah Berry and Tim Spector for an enlightening discussion that will help you snack smarter. Armed with the latest scientific research, they unravel the complexities of snacking and share evidence-based insights on what's truly beneficial for your body. Along the way, they cover healthy options, snack timing, and what we should all be avoiding. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 01:23 Quick Fire Questions 04:03 What is a snack? 04:55 How much energy comes from snacks? 05:40 Cultural differences with snacks 08:33 What happens when we snack? 10:29 Are some healthy looking bars actually bad for us? 12:16 Do ulta-processed snacks make us hungrier? 13:57 What effect do additives and emulsifiers have? 15:04 Results of study on healthy vs unhealthy snacks 15:22 What impact does snacking have on our gut? 18:00 Why could snacking be unhealthy? 18:56 What are the concerns around snacking frequency? 19:50 Does the quality of your snack make a difference? 21:31 Could skipping breakfast be healthy for us? 23:17 Does timing of snacking have any influence on our health? 28:42 How could time-restricted eating benefit us? 32:20 What is the impact of snacking on weight gain? 34:15 What impact does snacking have on blood sugar? 36:25 How people on different routines react to snacking 38:27 What does the recent ZOE research show us on the topics of snacking? 40:16 How bad is late night snacking for our health? 42:19 How should we be snacking? 46:30 How has snacking changed over time? 47:26 Actionable advice on snacking 52:52 How much do your meals impact snacking? 56:50 Summary 59:40 Goodbyes 59:44 Outro In today’s episode: Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/meal-patterns-across-ten-european-countries-results-from-the-european-prospective-investigation-into-cancer-and-nutrition-epic-calibration-study/A662BDB7A9AD3631BD6AD98946FE765F# What is a snack, why do we snack, and how can we choose better snacks? A review of the definitions of snacking, motivations to snack, contributions to dietary intake, and recommendations for improvement https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4863261/ Snacking on whole almonds for 6 weeks improves endothelial function and lowers LDL cholesterol but does not affect liver fat and other cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults: The ATTIS study, a randomized controlled trial https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7266688/ Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Get in touch and we’ll do our best to cover it.

We’ve all wrestled with diarrhea at some point. It comes in many forms. And being able to read these differences can help us understand what’s going on inside us and how we should treat it. In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Dr. Will ask: What are the health risks associated with diarrhea, and how can we treat it? Follow ZOE on Instagram. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinzoe.com/podcast and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Mentioned in today’s episode: Diarrhea, a global overview from the World Health Organization (WHO) Key takeaways from a University of Oxford analysis of the global impact of antimicrobial resistance Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected], and we’ll do our best to cover it.

How much do you know about menstrual cycles? About half of us are more informed than the other half. The menstrual cycle has great significance, affecting various aspects of health. And more than 90% of people who get their periods experience premenstrual symptoms. However, misconceptions and limited understandings abound, leaving many people in the dark. In today’s episode, we’re joined by Hazel Wallace. She’s a medical doctor, nutritionist, and author of The Female Factor. She’s here to give us an education about the menstrual cycle. Dr. Hazel Wallace describes how the cycle affects almost every aspect of the body, from heart health and sleep to metabolism. She also explains whether there’s scientific evidence behind “cycle syncing.” Whether or not you’ve had a menstrual cycle, you’ll learn a lot from this episode. If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to joinZOE.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program. Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:36 Quick fire questions 03:49 What is the menstrual cycle? 05:42 What is the luteal phase? 06:54 When does the menstrual cycle begin? 07:43 How regular are menstrual cycles - Do they change over time? 08:29 What is actually happening during the menstrual cycle? 09:41 What role does oestrogen have in hormonal changes? 10:48 How does the menstrual cycle affect performance in athletes 12:05 How does the menstrual cycle affect women? 16:30 Are cravings real? Why do they happen? 18:21 What is PMS and what do people experience? 20:11 Is there much research behind PMS? 21:40 What is PMDD? 23:16 How do you identify PMDD? 26:17 What is cycle syncing? 27:43 What role does nutrition have in reducing symptoms during the cycle 30:22 Can regular exercise improve symptoms? 33:52 How is sleep impacted by the menstrual cycle? 37:41 How does this impact our immune system? 38:56 Why is there such little research into this area? 41:13 How has the exclusion of women in research impacted us? 44:14 Menstrual cycle tracking - what is it and how can you do it? 46:31 How can tracking help? 47:26 What diet can help symptoms? 49:31 How does the menstrual cycle affect the microbiome? 52:07 How can intermittent fasting affect the menstrual cycle? 54:59 Summary 58:00 Goodbyes 58:11 Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: The Effects of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Exercise Performance in Eumenorrheic Women https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32661839/ Hazel’s book is available to buy here Follow Hazel: https://twitter.com/Thefoodmedic Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Get in touch and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a lot more common than you might think. In fact, it affects 1 in 10 people globally. Yet there are still a lot of questions about why it occurs and how best to treat it. Could new research connecting gut health to mental health help us unravel its mysteries? In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Dr. Will ask: What exactly is IBS, and how does it connect to our brains? Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Referenced in today’s episode: FODMAP Diet: What you need to know from Johns Hopkins Medicine Large-scale genetic study reveals new clues for the shared origins of irritable bowel syndrome and mental health disorder from the University of Cambridge Irritable bowel syndrome: A chronic sequelae of acute gastroenteritis from Gastroenterology William Olser: Biographical overview from the National Library Of Medicine IBS: What you need to know from the National Center For Complementary and Integrative Health Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) overview from Johns Hopkins Medicine Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

As we age, our bodies undergo numerous changes, including a decline in muscle mass and cognitive function. For many of us, exercise and diet play crucial roles in maintaining our health and well-being. But how can the protein we eat affect our abilities to exercise and stay healthy as we age? It can be difficult to separate fact from fiction when it comes to the effects of protein. How much do we need? Is it better to eat protein before or after exercise? And what roles do protein and exercise play in brain function? In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by Prof. Ben Wall, an expert in nutritional physiology at the University of Exeter. Together, they unpack the latest scientific research on the connection between protein consumption and exercise. Prof. Ben Wall shares his insights into the optimal amount and timing of protein intake for building and maintaining muscle mass, as well as the potential impact of exercise on cognitive function and brain health into later life. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:12 Introduction 28:21 Quick Fire Questions 02:54 Do we need to eat proteins right after exercise? 03:34 What is protein? 04:45 Why should we care about exercise? 05:36 How does exercise help with healthspan? 07:41 What are the benefits of exercise? 07:57 Does exercise improve brain function? 11:23 Where do our muscles come into this conversation? 12:09 What constitutes an unhealthy muscle? 13:00 What's the difference between a healthy and unhealthy muscle? 14:18 How does protein fit into the idea of healthy muscles? 16:03 What about the concept of breaking muscle. Is it good for us? 18:13 Do we need more protein to help build muscle? 20:07 What is the anabolic window and Is it a myth? 21:54 Is it fine to listen to our hunger pangs post exercise? 23:01 How does protein impact menopause and bone health? 25:04 Is there a maximum amount of protein our bodies can absorb? 28:14 What is the right amount of protein to eat? 30:02 What is an 'adaptive response' to exercise? 31:17 How much higher RDA do we need if we are exercising? 33:31 Are we already eating enough protein? 35:51 Why does muscle mass change as we age? 36:18 Do we put on weight when we age? 36:59 How do our bodies respond to protein as we age? 41:38 How to balance protein and exercise 42:33 Where should we get our protein from? 46:43 Plant vs animal based protein products 51:26 Summary 55:12 Goodbyes 55:27 Outro Mentioned in today’s episode: Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19056590/ Anabolic signaling deficits underlie amino acid resistance of wasting, aging muscle: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15596483/ Food for our future: The nutritional science behind the sustainable fungal protein — mycoprotein: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131050/ Follow Ben on Twitter : https://twitter.com/benjamintwall Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Have an idea for a podcast? Contact Fascinate Productions to bring it to life. Episode transcripts are available here.

We’ve probably all been reprimanded for eating too fast at the dinner table or suffered the dreaded “itis” from eating way too much food at a family gathering. Our society and the systems we’ve developed to feed it have ballooned to such a point that they easily override our natural bodily systems that tell us when we’ve had enough to eat. When nearly 50% of the United States population is projected to have obesity by 2030, can something as simple as changing the speed with which we eat really be an effective tool for weight loss and sustaining a healthy body? In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: What is eating rate and does it have any impact on our health? Studies referenced in the episode: Does Eating Fast Make You Gain More Weight? Eating slowly increases the postprandial response of the anorexigenic gut hormones, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 Association between eating rate and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis Eating too fast may lead to weight gain, heart disease Is eating too quickly bad for your health? How Important Is Eating Rate in the Physiological Response to Food Intake, Control of Body Weight, and Glycemia? A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effect of eating rate on energy intake and hunger Effects of eating rate and eating topography on meal size and satiety The effect of eating rate on satiety in healthy and overweight people – A pilot study Association between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Association between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Control of overweight and obesity in childhood through education in meal time habits. The ‘good manners for a healthy future’ programme* Eating slowly led to decreases in energy intake within meals in healthy women Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Menopause is a time of significant hormonal changes which can lead to a range of symptoms that can severely impact quality of life for many women. So, a drug that promises to reduce these symptoms is incredibly welcome, but it has been steeped in controversy. HRT (Hormone replacement therapy) has been widely debated, with conflicting information about its effectiveness, with some suggesting HRT is outright dangerous. In fact, a massive study twenty years ago linked it to an increased risk of breast cancer. As a result, the numbers of women taking HRT plummeted. So should HRT be avoided at all costs? In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by the author of that very study and esteemed Professor JoAnn Manson, alongside Dr. Sarah Berry to explore the science behind HRT. Professor JoAnn Manson is a professor of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health and one of the world's most experts on HRT and menopause having run multiple enormous studies to uncover the effects of hormone replacement therapy on women’s health. With the help of ZOE regular Dr. Sarah Berry, they delve into the science behind HRT, empowering listeners to make informed decisions about treatment for symptoms of the menopause. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction 00:12 Jonathan's introduction 01:33 Quick Fire Questions 03:27 What is the menopause? 04:10 What is the perimenopause? 05:46 What is the state of the current conversation on the menopause? 07:13 Should women seek help about the menopause? 07:58 Why do some women have symptoms and others not? 09:15 Yougov and ZOE study results on the menopause 11:35 Why is the menopause getting more attention now? 13:39 Should we be taking these symptoms seriously? 17:10 What else can be done asides from HRT? 18:49 Studies on the relationship between diet and menopause symptoms 19:35 What can help alleviate symptoms? 21:23 Are there any specific foods that can help improve symptoms? 23:37 Are menopause specific supplements effective? 24:50 How does HRT work? 26:26 Is HRT just oestrogen? 30:59 Does testosterone have a use for menopause? 31:58 What is the controversy behind HRT? 35:56 What's the latest advice and health risks? 38:11 When should you stop hormone therapy? 40:43 Do symptoms persist when you come off of hormone therapy? 42:00 How long does HRT take to start working? 43:07 How does HRT affect weight management? 45:15 Summary 48:04 Goodbyes 48:25 Outro Check the trials mentioned in today’s episode: MsFlash: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4731298/ ZOE Menopause Study: https://joinzoe.com/learn/menopause-metabolism-study PEPI Trial: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7807658/ Follow Sarah: https://twitter.com/saraheeberry Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Get in touch and we’ll do our best to cover it.

“Omega 3s,” - we’ve all seen the name Omega 3s advertised on labels from nuts to seeds and even eggs! But are these fats healthy for us, or is this just another food myth? In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: Is fish oil and omega 3 intake essential or is this just another food myth? Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Studies referenced in the episode: High-fat meals rich in EPA plus DHA compared with DHA only have differential effects on postprandial lipemia and plasma 8-isoprostane F2α concentrations relative to a control high–oleic acid meal: a randomized controlled trial Intake of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of cardiovascular disease mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease The 3 most Important Types of Omega-3 Fatty Acids REDUCE-IT EPA trial shows association between higher EPA levels, reduced CV events Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Email us at [email protected] and we’ll do our best to cover it.

Ultra-processed foods have become ubiquitous in modern diets. Many of us eat them regularly without understanding their potential impacts on our health. From hidden additives to addictive properties, these highly processed foods can pose risks. Navigating the complex world of ultra-processing can be challenging, and many people struggle to understand what to avoid, how to break unhealthy habits, and make positive changes to their health. In today’s episode, Jonathan is joined by a special guest, Dr. Chris van Tulleken, to explore the science behind ultra-processed food. Dr. Chris van Tulleken is an infectious diseases doctor at University College Hospital, in London, and one of the BBC’s leading science presenters. Chris shares the groundbreaking research from his own lived experiments, including the now famous study with his twin brother Xand. His book Ultra-Processed People is out now. Jonathan and Chris are joined by ZOE regular Tim Spector. Drawing from their combined expertise, our guests provide practical tips and advice, empowering listeners to make informed choices and take control of their diets. Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Timecodes: 00:31 Introduction 02:14 Quick Fire Questions 05:25 Start of Chris's journey in nutrition 06:47 Discordant twins - How can twin studies help us? 08:51 What part do genetics play in our differences in health? 12:52 What were the potential consequences of weight gain? 15:20 What is ultra processed food (UPF)? 16:54 What's the difference between processed and ultra processed food? 18:52 Is ultra processing purely about profit? 21:13 Examples of ultra processed foods (UPF) 23:13 ZOE UPF survey - How much does the ZOE community eat? 25:28 Are the products that say they're healthy lying to us? 26:12 Are certain ingredients hidden by UPF? 27:44 Is low fat yoghurt that good for us? 30:39 Is UPF just junk food? 32:56 Kevin Hall’s UPF study 34:19 What makes UPF addictive? 36:34 Chris' ultra processed food experiment 39:12 Could food manufacturers make healthier UPF? 41:23 How do we solve the issue of UPF as a society? 45:26 Practical advice for cutting down on UPF 51:37 Summary 55:15 Goodbyes 55:27 Outro Follow Chris on Twitter: https://twitter.com/DoctorChrisVT Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Get in touch and we’ll do our best to cover it.

In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: If nuts are so full of fat, can they really be good for us? There is no shortage of variety when it comes to the mighty (yet humble) nut and the ways we consume them. Dried, chopped, made into butter or roasted (over an open fire, anyone?) these little guys provide the nutrients our brains and bodies need in surprisingly high quantities. From industrially farmed to indigenously hand-harvested, the story of these nuts is, well…nuts! In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Sarah ask: If nuts are so full of fat, can they really be good for us? Follow ZOE on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zoe/ Download our FREE guide — Top 10 Tips to Live Healthier: https://zoe.com/freeguide Studies referenced in the episode: Red-rumped agouti 8 Health Benefits of Nuts Are nuts good for you? Avoiding nuts and seeds for better gut health? You shouldn’t Nuts and their Effect on Gut Microbiota, Gut Function and Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Are fatty nuts a weighty concern? A systematic review and meta-analysis and dose–response meta-regression of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials Why are scientists so intrigued by the food matrix? Pecans acutely increase plasma postprandial antioxidant capacity and catechins and decrease LDL oxidation in humans The surprising nutritional benefits of nuts Walnut consumption and health outcomes with public health relevance—a systematic review of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 2017 to present If Almonds Bring You Joy, Enjoy More For Fewer Calories Are nuts bad for you? Why the calorie counts for almonds don’t add up Episode transcripts are available here. Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to cover? Get in touch, and we’ll do our best to cover it.