Unpacking Israeli History

In this special episode of Unpacking Israeli History, Noam Weissman and producer Rivky Stern switch things up by engaging in an in-depth conversation about the podcast's creation, philosophy, and approach to telling the story of Israeli history.

The 1967 War happened more than 50 years ago. And yet, the legacy of the Six Day War still reverberates throughout the world. Israelis were convinced they were facing another Holocaust. Instead, they achieved one of the most unlikely – and legendary – military victories in history. This miniseries explores the lead-up and legacy of the 6 Day War. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YAwi1kDnHEJfFp3A5FzmclHv0-f82zMvbt9Qp9ziKrY/edit ~~~~ Episode 3 of this Six Day War mini-series is generously sponsored by Michael Staenberg, and The Marcus Family Foundation, and Pam and Neil Weissman.

The 1967 War happened more than 50 years ago. And yet, the legacy of the Six Day War still reverberates throughout the world. Israelis were convinced they were facing another Holocaust. Instead, they achieved one of the most unlikely – and legendary – military victories in history. This miniseries explores the lead-up and legacy of the 6 Day War. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YAwi1kDnHEJfFp3A5FzmclHv0-f82zMvbt9Qp9ziKrY/edit ~~~~ Episode 2 of this Six Day War mini-series is generously sponsored by Jane & John August, Michael Staenberg, and The Marcus Family Foundation.

The 1967 War happened more than 50 years ago. And yet, the legacy of the Six Day War still reverberates throughout the world. Israelis were convinced they were facing another Holocaust. Instead, they achieved one of the most unlikely – and legendary – military victories in history. This miniseries explores the lead-up and legacy of the 6 Day War. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YAwi1kDnHEJfFp3A5FzmclHv0-f82zMvbt9Qp9ziKrY/edit ~~~~ Episode 1 of this Six Day War mini-series is generously sponsored by Kim and Perry Shwachman, Michael Staenberg, and The Marcus Family Foundation.

Less than 48 hours ago, Iran launched an unprecedented military attack on Israel, its first direct attack on Israel after a decades-long “shadow” war. Iran sent hundreds of drones and missiles towards the Jewish state. So, why did Iran attack Israel, and what does all of this mean? ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jawT_GTJtdmIxtA3FRlO0GDg-wfipSsCUdLjkTAzV80/edit?usp=sharing

Got questions about the current situation in Israel/Palestine? Almost all the answers lie in the Great Arab Revolt of 1936. How is that possible, when the modern state of Israel wasn’t even established until 1948?! This three-part series explores the roots of a seemingly intractable conflict, highlighting unknown figures and outlining what might have been. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PaLZ4afLCh_f6NOFzbZz8izhX1j6FZREiJUS2uLtejw/edit ~~~~ This mini series of Unpacking Israeli History is dedicated in memory of Armand Lindenbaum, the grandson of Rav Amiel, by his wife, Jean, and children, Felice, Amiel, and Ariel Lindenbaum-Sebag.

Got questions about the current situation in Israel/Palestine? Almost all the answers lie in the Great Arab Revolt of 1936. How is that possible, when the modern state of Israel wasn’t even established until 1948?! This three-part series explores the roots of a seemingly intractable conflict, highlighting unknown figures and outlining what might have been. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PaLZ4afLCh_f6NOFzbZz8izhX1j6FZREiJUS2uLtejw/edit ~~~~ This mini series of Unpacking Israeli History is dedicated in memory of Armand Lindenbaum, the grandson of Rav Amiel, by his wife, Jean, and children, Felice, Amiel, and Ariel Lindenbaum-Sebag.

Got questions about the current situation in Israel/Palestine? Almost all the answers lie in the Great Arab Revolt of 1936. How is that possible, when the modern state of Israel wasn’t even established until 1948?! This three-part series explores the roots of a seemingly intractable conflict, highlighting unknown figures and outlining what might have been. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PaLZ4afLCh_f6NOFzbZz8izhX1j6FZREiJUS2uLtejw/edit ~~~~ This mini series of Unpacking Israeli History is dedicated in memory of Armand Lindenbaum, the grandson of Rav Amiel, by his wife, Jean, and children, Felice, Amiel, and Ariel Lindenbaum-Sebag.

Welcome to the second part of our two-parter about the four seemingly-impossible obstacles that confounded Israeli and Palestinian leaders alike. Why have Israelis and Palestinians never made peace? Despite multiple peace accords, the two peoples are still at war. In this two part episode, we’ll explore the four major obstacles preventing peace: Jerusalem, borders, security, and the refugees. You’ve heard about the “right of return”? East and West Jerusalem? Security fences/walls? Then this episode is for you. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z68Z6bbhV6lRkLYtRqRRn4bDQ2kByJcW4AtDpdy9pH0/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This episode of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara & Rick Silverman, The Marcus Family Foundation, and Michael Staenberg.

Why have Israelis and Palestinians never made peace? Despite multiple peace accords, the two peoples are still at war. In this two part episode, we’ll explore the four major obstacles preventing peace: Jerusalem, borders, security, and the refugees. You’ve heard about the “right of return”? East and West Jerusalem? Security fences/walls? Then this episode is for you. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z68Z6bbhV6lRkLYtRqRRn4bDQ2kByJcW4AtDpdy9pH0/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This episode of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara & Rick Silverman, The Marcus Family Foundation, and Michael Staenberg.

They serve in the army. They fly the Israeli flag. They call themselves proud Israelis. So why did a 2018 Israeli law leave the Druze community feeling abandoned? In this episode, we unpack the complex story of the Israeli Druze: their history, their identity, their “blood covenant” with the Jewish state—and the moment that made them question it all. As tensions rise in Syria and the Golan Heights, their story matters more than ever. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h-BJIIJXiWHalkCO0f1YRs15P1upVNr1plM-r0H04PA/edit ~~~~ To make a donation to Maor please visit: https://www.charidy.com/Maorla

This is the story of Iran’s proxy in Lebanon, which has been causing trouble for Israel since its founding in 1982. As Israel’s northern border heats up and the two sides draw closer to a showdown, we investigate: who is Hezbollah, and what do they want? ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d68bkgIiKIwWRCn75DGaiWry9N3Oi_rPh6-X1fn_i8Q/edit ~~~~ This episode of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Sarala and Danny Turkel.

We're back for season 6! Get ready to join Noam for a deep dive into Israeli history, shedding light on the events of today. Have thoughts, questions, or stories to share? Drop us a line at [email protected]. Your email might even become part of the conversation on the show. So, what are you waiting for? Yalla, let's do this.

When we first released an episode on captured soldiers, back in August 2023, we had no idea that we were mere months away from the worst hostage crisis Israel had ever experienced. On October 7, 2023, Hamas murdered 1,200 people – mostly civilians – and dragged another 240 to Gaza, plunging Israel into a nightmare. Hamas did not discriminate. They took babies as young as 9 months, elderly people well into their 80s, and everyone in between. Some of those 240 hostages have been rescued or released. Some were murdered in captivity. Three were killed mistakenly by “friendly fire.” But as of December 2023, 129 remain in Gaza, their fates and welfare unknown. And the questions we raised back in August remain more relevant than ever. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tO4xtCQdNDbcO3THe1elsiNrvREOuG6FjD3gcq5hDnA/edit?usp=sharing

Noam reflects on his meetings with survivors, evacuees, and Jewish leaders in the wake of 10/7. (Or 7/10, for the Israelis and Europeans out there.) ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GVNSsNxr23fIzzW7TnU3p6kGC-OxoTYkDSlAXmsd34w/edit?usp=drive_link

The world changed on 10/7. It's too soon to know exactly how this war will play out. But in this episode, Noam offers some thoughts on how and why people choose “sides” in a conflict like this – and how to respond to the misinformation, denialism, hatred, and extremism that poisons the discourse. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sfIlw07IpRwqctUMhdJdwXiauZkgkkNZa3Ns3ZY_L1w/edit?usp=sharing

This episode is a re-release, with the understanding that everything has changed. You’ve heard their name. Watched their propaganda videos. Seen their bloody handiwork up close and personal. But how well do you really know the story of Hamas? This episode delves into the surprising history of Israel’s charming next door neighbor. It’s a deep dive into their history, their ideology, their legacy. Because if we want to truly understand Israeli history, we’ve got to face the parallel history that has developed alongside it. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DBe4s5ArwlF7ACLUoztotb9EarUYqK7nd1Z0pCXyMR4/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci and Andrew Spitzer, and this week’s episode is sponsored by Adam Neuman.

October 6, 2023 marks the 50-year anniversary of the first day of the Yom Kippur War – perhaps Israel’s most traumatic war. This miniseries unpacks that trauma, guiding our listeners through the lead-up to the war, the battles, the behind-the-scenes geopolitical maneuvering, and the painful aftermath. The final episode of our series explores wider geopolitical implications of the war and reflects on the war’s legacy. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1okcCstf6CJAouiWPPUjSUHA0Pmq3SbxZ-I8gnz7A2pA/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Yom Kippur War mini-series is generously sponsored by Risa and Simcha Dauer.

October 6, 2023 marks the 50-year anniversary of the first day of the Yom Kippur War – perhaps Israel’s most traumatic war. This miniseries unpacks that trauma, guiding our listeners through the lead-up to the war, the battles, the behind-the-scenes geopolitical maneuvering, and the painful aftermath. This episode takes you onto the battlefield, exploring the tragic losses and miraculous victories of two key battles. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1okcCstf6CJAouiWPPUjSUHA0Pmq3SbxZ-I8gnz7A2pA/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Yom Kippur War mini-series is generously sponsored by Risa and Simcha Dauer.

October 6, 2023 marks the 50-year anniversary of the first day of the Yom Kippur War – perhaps Israel’s most traumatic war. This miniseries unpacks that trauma, guiding our listeners through the lead-up to the war, the battles, the behind-the-scenes geopolitical maneuvering, and the painful aftermath. This episode explores why the war began, and describes Israel’s shock and fear on the first day of the assault. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1okcCstf6CJAouiWPPUjSUHA0Pmq3SbxZ-I8gnz7A2pA/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Yom Kippur War mini-series is generously sponsored by Risa and Simcha Dauer.

After the victory of the Six-Day War in 1967, it seemed like Israel was invincible. Less than a decade later, the country was taken by surprise by the outbreak of war on Yom Kippur 1973. Noam Weissman explores why — despite warnings — Israel’s leadership seemed so unprepared, why America urged Israel not to attack first and why this national catastrophe ultimately led to a strengthening of relationships with both the U.S. and Egypt. ~~~~ This episode of Unpacking Israeli History is sponsored by Andrea and Larry Gill. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Teaching about this topic? Check out our relevant educator resources here: https://unpacked.education/video/the-yom-kippur-war-when-israel-almost-fell/ https://unpacked.education/video/the-yom-kippur-war-how-israel-turned-the-tide/ ~~~~ Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/yom-kippur-war https://mwi.usma.edu/timeless-lessons-october-1973-arab-israeli-war/ https://books.google.com/books?id=n_9gIR6Fi3UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Yom+Kippur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjo2Mn7psPWAhWqhlQKHRX4C8kQ6AEIKDAA#v=snippet&q=We%E2%80%99ll%20have%20one%20hundred%20tanks%20against%20&f=false http://www.jewishagency.org/secret-service/content/25324 https://erenow.com/modern/israel-concise-history-nation-reborn/15.php https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24402464 https://www.google.com/url?q=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/151161087.pdf&sa=D&ust=1593682967472000&usg=AFQjCNEOS_bqDj5L9vZ_6wc1JdAAWuiH4g http://www.jewishagency.org/secret-service/content/25324 https://erenow.com/modern/israel-concise-history-nation-reborn/15.php https://mosaicmagazine.com/picks/2018/09/the-yom-kippur-war-should-be-remembered-as-a-great-israeli-victory/ https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-yom-kippur-war-when-israels-arabs-didnt-rise-up/ ~~~~ Unpacked is a division of OpenDor Media

*** Don’t miss the 3-part miniseries on the YK war, starting September 6th *** Between 1989 and 2000, over a million Jews from the former Soviet Union arrived in Israel, fundamentally changing the nature of the country. But the road from the USSR to the Middle East was long, winding, and painful. This is the story of how a group of American students and Soviet dissidents wrenched back the Iron Curtain, guaranteeing the religious freedom of over one million Jews. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VSbxCEDWZv3bs8Sm8elQELJpDysL0p4hch3SWo_gaWI/edit

*** Don’t miss the 3-part miniseries on the YK war, starting September 6th *** Maybe you’ve heard of Gilad Shalit, the Israeli soldier held for five years by the terrorist group Hamas. And maybe you’ve heard about the lengths that Israel went to to get him back, like swapping over a thousand prisoners for one missing man. But Shalit isn’t the first Israeli POW to be redeemed at a high price. In this episode, Noam asks Why does Israel pay such a high price to return captured soldiers? And, even more poignantly, Is doing so good for the Jewish state? ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HbAQrIlyEX8ivxrX0CkP_CPzgVd3U1_W_UCTkBt6n-4/edit

*** Don’t miss the 3-part miniseries on the YK war, starting September 6th *** It’s the world’s most famous property dispute. And among the most deadly. The residents of this sleepy East Jerusalem neighborhood have spent the past four decades in court. And their battle has set Israel on fire – literally. So who, if anyone, is right? And what’s the story of Sheikh Jarrah? ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/16E0WhmIy70n3Pb35_dlZUZm0wvScmyCmtiEGSDQ7Psc/edit

*** Don’t miss the 3-part miniseries on the YK war, starting September 6th *** John Demjanjuk seemed like any other middle-aged immigrant living the American dream in the Ohio suburbs. Until the US Department of Justice accused him of being an SS guard, stripped him of his citizenship, and extradited him to Israel to stand trial for war crimes. In Israel, he stood accused of ghastly abuse. And still, doubt persisted: could this stereotypical guy-next-door really have been the infamously sadistic SS guard at Treblinka? Was this a case of mistaken identity? And what is the line between justice, vengeance, and the law? ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/19U0j4G961PuGuFchjagiCuhrjgCWPeytkvNkcbBQfW4/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This episode of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Dorit Naftalin & Harry Nelson, and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher.

We’re back! Get ready...for Season 5, for more twists, turns, triumphs, and tragedies that define Israeli history. Are you ready? Yalla, let’s do this!

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey It was the spring of 1948, and in just a few short weeks, the British were scheduled to ship out, leaving Palestine to the Arabs and Jews who had been waging war against each other for six months. But beyond the bombs and the bullets, another war raged behind the scenes. One that continues to this day. The war for the soul of the Jewish state. This is the story of Israel’s declaration of independence – and of its ongoing evolution as a modern state. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10VpS6Bh1JQ-4HTxatuSJHq4y9P1HyT9KhGSiFk-TqFk/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Israel@75 mini-series is generously sponsored by the Jewish Agency for Israel - North American Council, and Ari and Jody Storch.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey Today, the Etzion bloc is home to more than 20,000 Jews. But back in 1948, roughly 500 Jews lived in the tiny parcel of land nestled between Hebron and Jerusalem. The four isolated, vulnerable kibbutzim of the bloc were an easy target for Arab attacks. But the Jews of Etzion weren’t going down without a fight. And the Palmach – the Haganah’s elite strike force – would do anything to keep these tiny communities strong and well-supplied. Like sending a convoy of 35 fighters weighed down with supplies through miles of hostile territory. But war is hell. And the story of Gush Etzion, and the brave convoy that supplied it, is both a tragedy – and a story of brotherhood, heroism, and resilience in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1REJt_UGndGrngPsww3Ra4PLBcKJB67xBM6Sd3TVG_nE/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Israel@75 mini-series is generously sponsored by the Jewish Agency for Israel - North American Council, and Ari and Jody Storch.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey You probably know the story of Israeli independence: Ben Gurion declared a Jewish state on May 14, 1948. The next day, multiple Arab armies invaded. And though the war was long and brutal, the Jewish state emerged victorious. That story is true. But it’s incomplete. Because the war for Israel didn’t start on May 15, 1948. It started back in November of 1947, the morning after the UN voted to partition Palestine into two states. And if you want to understand Israeli history, you have to understand the six bloody months that preceded its creation… ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KEyXoESRtJWiULNjtXUXMokGHKtKRIj62Fmz29cXx3I/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This Israel@75 mini-series is generously sponsored by the Jewish Agency for Israel - North American Council, and Ari and Jody Storch.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey The modern state of Israel is only 75 years old. But the Israeli identity was forged long before the partition vote of 1947 or the War of Liberation in 1948, in the earliest decades of the 20th century. The three figures we’ll talk about today were not Israelis. They died before they ever saw an independent Jewish state. But their stories shaped the country we know today. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JoCjNZV__Qwpu0k9Sth16tMQ8bhlTqe_ogsFBpvLjFk/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci and Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer and Alan Fisher.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey November 19, 1977. It was perhaps the most unusual Shabbat in Israel’s history. Because after the havdala service, Israeli families glued themselves to their TVs or radios, waiting anxiously for a visitor they never dreamed would arrive. Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, had come to Jerusalem to speak of peace. What happened next changed the Middle East forever. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VLl6H1mbapNkhWq8aNnMFylTQ9w__9WDxIsqvlniORs/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci and Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer and Alan Fisher.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey You’ve heard their name. Watched their propaganda videos. Seen their bloody handiwork up close and personal. But how well do you really know the story of Hamas? This episode delves into the surprising history of Israel’s charming next door neighbor. It’s a deep dive into their history, their ideology, their legacy. Because if we want to truly understand Israeli history, we’ve got to face the parallel history that has developed alongside it. ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DBe4s5ArwlF7ACLUoztotb9EarUYqK7nd1Z0pCXyMR4/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci and Andrew Spitzer, and this week’s episode is sponsored by Adam Neuman.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey Kfar Qassem is a small bucolic city northeast of Petach Tikva. It is also the little-known site of the first salvo of the Suez Canal Crisis. On October 29, 1956 – as Israel prepared for war with Egypt – an IDF commander made a decision that would permanently scar Israel’s Arab community. Today, we tell the story of the 49 Israeli citizens murdered at Kfar Qassem. This episode is dedicated to them. Ibrahim Abdalhadi Himad Isaa, 35 Abed Muhammad Abdalhadi Isaa, 9 Abdallah Ahmad Himad Isaa, 15 Talal Shaker Abdallah Isaa, 8 Abdallah Sliman Isaa, 90 Ahmad Muhammad Sous Freij, 35 Ali Uthman Ali Tah, 30 Muhammad Abed Samaha Asi, AKA Abu Samaha, 50 Ghazi Mahmoud Darweesh Isaa, 20 Muhammad Abdalraheem Isaa, 50 Fathi Uthman Abed Isaa, 12 Uthman Abed Himad Isaa, 30 Saleh Mahmoud Naser Amer (age unknown) Mahmoud Abdalghafer Rayan, 35 Mahmoud Abdalrazeq Sarsour, 16 Ali Nimer Nuwwara Freij, 17 Saleh Salameh Ahmad Amer, 40 Salim Ahmad Basheer Budeir, 50 Abdallah Abdalghafer Budeir (age unknown) Abed Salim Saleh Isaa (age unknown) Atta Yacoub Abed Sarsour, 26 Riyad Raja Hamdan Dahoud, 8 Jamal Salim Muhammad Tah, 11 Jumma Muhammad Abed Sarsour, 17 Mousa Thiab Abed Freij, 18 Abdalkarim Salim Nuwwara Freij, 14 Saleh Mustafa Ahmad Isaa, 17 Abdalraheem Ismir Budeir, 25 Ahmad Muhammad Jouda Amer, 17 Jumma Tawfik Ahmad Isaa, 16 Mahmoud Khader Jaber Sarsour, 27 Yousef Muhammad Ismail Sarsour, 52 Muhammad Salim Khader Sarsour, 15 Muhammad Ali Thiab Sarsour, 35 Abdallah Muhammad Abed Sarsour, 14 Safa Abdallah Usus Sarsour, 45 Amne Qasem Tah, 50 Khamise Faraj Muhammad Amer, 50 Zaghlouleh Ahmad Basheer Isaa, 45 Hilwe Muhammad Odeh Budeir, 65 Fatme Dahoud Sarsour, 30 (nine months pregnant) Unborn child of Fatme Dahoud Sarsour Fatme Mustafa Khamran Isaa, 18 Fatme Mahmoud Budeir (Age unknown) Fatme Saleh Ahmad Sarsour, 14 Rashika Faek Ibrahim Budeir, 14 Zeinab Abdalrahman Ahmad Tah, 45 Latife Dahoud Khamran Isaa, 12 Bakriya Mahmoud Ismail Tah, 14 Mahmoud Muhammad Habib Masarwa, 25 ~~~~ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y38W4EVV9CKKwHNHSC_nV6T1DNXSM-NeFZ3WMG1XZkA/edit?usp=sharing ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer.

Take the survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey It was supposed to be a fun field trip. A little celebration in honor of Israel’s 26th birthday. Over a hundred religious high school students, exploring northern Israel and sleeping under the stars. But the three Palestinian terrorists who sneaked in from Lebanon had other plans. This is the story of the Ma’alot massacre. It’s a story of horror and blood. But it’s also a story of hope and resistance. A reminder that every hour of our lives matters. ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci and Andrew Spitzer and this episode is generously sponsored by Neil and Pam Weissman. ~~~~ This episode is dedicated to the memory of the victims: Hasibah Shala, 27 Yosef (Jojo) Cohen, 45 Fortuna Cohen, 38 (7 months pregnant) Unborn child of Fortuna Cohen Moshe Eliahu Cohen, 4 Sylvan Zerach, 27 Ilana Turgeman, 15 Zvia Mor-Yoseph, 15 Rachel Aputa, 16 Yocheved Mazoz, 15 Sarah Ben-Shim’on, 15 Yona Sabag, 15 Yafa Cohen, 17 Shoshana Cohen, 17 Michal Sitrok, 16 Malka Amrosy, 15 Aviva Saada, 15 Yocheved Deri (age unknown) Yakov Levi, 17 Yakov Kabla, 17 Rina Cohen, 15 Sarah Madar, 15 Tamar Dahan, 16 Sarah Sofer, 15 Lilly Morad, 16 David Madar, 17 Yehudit Madar, 16 Sources and Citations: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KMKO3YYqYpzceUaJuZ9pEXpTfnzVqLdh7fAFseqHovU/edit?usp=sharing

We’re back! By popular demand, Unpacking Israeli History is back for another season. Get ready for the twists, turns, triumphs, and tragedies that define Israeli history. So strap in. Because for the next 8 weeks, we’re going to shine a light on some of the wildest stories you can imagine. Are you ready? Yalla, let’s do this!

Unpacking Israeli History introduces another podcast from Unpacked: Jewish History Unpacked. Whoever said history was boring clearly never heard these stories Join hosts Yael and Schwab each week as they take a dive into some deep cuts of Jewish history. From the Jewish Da Vinci Code to mass suicide pacts, explore true stories that feel larger than life. This episode tells the story of Josephus Flavius. It's maybe one of the wildest characters in Jewish history, and that's saying something. That's largely because unlike most historians, he didn't just chronicle the story; as Yael tells Schwab in this week's episode, Josephus, or Yosef ben Matityahu, wrote himself into the story - and what a story it is. This week, we learn about Josephus and the siege of Yodfat, and they ask, what does it mean for us to write yourself into the story of Jewish history?

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ On the night before Shavuot, 1981, Prime Minister Menachem Begin shocked his cabinet by announcing they would be launching a surprise attack on a nuclear reactor in Iraq, known as Osirak. It was a gamble, one that the outside world, not to mention in Israel itself, most people didn't approve of. In this episode, Noam takes us on a tour of Begin's decision, the aftermath, and how it still impacts Israel today. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and this episode, is generously sponsored by Jack Zager and Ellen Kahan, and by Pam and Neil Weissman, in memory of their parents, Mama Bashe and Saba Royal Rockman, and Safta Alice and Saba Irving Weissman.

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ Who should serve in the Israeli military? It doesn’t sound like a particularly spicy question, does it? Because the obvious answer is… “Israelis.” Like, duh. Case closed, next question. But in this episode, Noam breaks down why Haredim, a massive force in Israel, don't serve. He goes through the history and asks, how does this choice impact the country? VOTE IN OUR POLL HERE: jewishunpacked.com/israeliarmy ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and this episode is generously sponsored by Lisa and Phil Baratz, and by the Center For Advancement of Jewish Education. ~~~~

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ The relationship between Jews and their host countries, for the past several thousand years, is complicated. And Iraq is no exception. While Jews have lived there for thousands of years, today, virtually no Jews are left in the country. This week's episode tells that story, through the lens of the Farhud, the devastating 1941 massacre in which Iraqis murdered, raped, mutilated, looted, and destroyed Baghdad’s Jewish community. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and this episode is generously sponsored by the Center For Advancement of Jewish Education. ~~~~

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ You may have heard about the first Gulf War - basically the entire world vs. Saddam Hussein. But though 34 countries - 34! - entered the alliance against Iraq, Israel didn't. So why on earth did missiles begin to rain down on Israel? In this episode, Noam breaks down how the 1991 Gulf War affected ordinary Israelis, tested the US-Israel relationship, and even challenged the long-held Zionist ethos. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and this episode is generously sponsored by the Center For Advancement of Jewish Education, and The Jewish Federation of Northern NJ. ~~~~ Bibliography available at https://jewishunpacked.com/saddam-husseins-gulf-war-legacy-is-still-felt-in-israel/

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ Qibya is one of the saddest and most difficult events in Israeli history. A military unit enters a village, and when the raid is over, 43 homes had been demolished, and 69 civilians – mostly women and children – had been killed. This week, Noam asks, what happened here, and how does it impact the story we tell ourselves about Israel? ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Marci & Andrew Spitzer and Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and this episode is generously sponsored by the Center For Advancement of Jewish Education, and The Jewish Federation of Northern NJ. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Black Saturday: https://jewishunpacked.com/black-saturday-how-far-would-you-go-for-a-homeland/ Unpacking Israeli History about the Mossad: https://jewishunpacked.com/the-mossad-three-tales-of-assassination/ ~~~~ Bibliography: Daniel Gordis, “Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn.” Howard Sachar, “A History of Israel, From the Birth of Zionism to Our Time.” Sapir Journal on power, vol 2, 2021. Rise and Kill First, Ronen Bergman On the Kanias family https://www.haaretz.co.il/misc/1.853441 https://www.sharett.org.il/downloads/doc-pics/doc03486.pdf On Israel’s GDP: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2020&locations=ZQ&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=2020&view=map On tzenna (austerity): https://gould.usc.edu/why/students/orgs/ilj/assets/docs/18-1%20Seidman.pdf On Israeli borders: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54116567#:~:text=The%20fighting%20ended%20in%201949,Bank%20(occupied%20by%20Jordan) https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/arm01.asp On Moshe Dayan: Mordechai Bar-On, “Moshe Dayan: Israel’s Controversial Hero.” https://jiss.org.il/en/henkin-high-price-blood-israels-security-doctrines/#:~:text=The%20Dayan%20doctrine%20was%20designed,war%20of%20attrition%20against%20Israel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzVrRStVo9k&ab_channel=ThamesTv On Ariel Sharon: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ariel-Sharon, “Warrior: The autobiography of Ariel Sharon,” p. 1989 Battle for Latrun: https://www.jpost.com/israel-guide/tel-aviv-and-center-tours/latrun-the-battle-for-latrun Participant account of Qibye (note he wasn’t actually in the village, he was outside of it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nQpBsvdzZ4&ab_channel=ToldotYisrael) Letter to UN Security Council from Jordanian envoy: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-185828/ On the aftermath: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538005,

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ It’s 1916 and World War I is raging. Countries are fighting for resources, land and power and the Ottoman Empire is on its deathbed. With all eyes on the Empire’s Middle Eastern territory, who will decide who gets control over what will become Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, and parts of Saudi Arabia? In this episode, Noam explores the secretive Sykes-Picot Agreement and the fallout it caused at the San Remo Conference. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and Marci & Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by ​​the Jewish Federation of Northeastern New York, and the Jewish Federation of Northern NJ. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Black Saturday: https://jewishunpacked.com/black-saturday-how-far-would-you-go-for-a-homeland/ ~~~~ Bibliography: https://jewishunpacked.com/did-a-secret-1916-treaty-between-the-u-k-and-france-create-the-state-of-israel/

How much do you know about the Mossad, Israel’s legendary intelligence agency? In this episode, Noam regales three wild stories about the Mossad that seem like they're straight out of a movie. Welcome to the world of international espionage. Our deepest gratitude to Israeli journalist Ronen Bergman and his deeply researched, one of a kind book Rise and Kill First. The bulk of our research came from this book. And with that, welcome to the shadowy world of international espionage. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and Marci & Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by ​​the Jewish Federation of Northeastern New York, and the Jewish Federation of Northern NJ. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Sabra and Shatila: https://jewishunpacked.com/sabra-and-shatila-what-happened-and-why-it-matters/ Unpacking Israeli History about Entebbe: https://jewishunpacked.com/operation-thunderbolt-the-raid-on-entebbe/ Unpacking Israeli History about Oslo: https://jewishunpacked.com/oslo-the-peace-that-wasnt/ ~~~~ Bibliography: Rise and Kill First PLO Charter: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/plocov.asp Munich massacre refresher: https://www.britannica.com/event/Munich-Massacre Wrath of God refresher: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Operation-Wrath-of-God Eurovision stats: https://eurovisionworld.com/eurovision/1973 Uri Milstein interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWNEiChjXF8&ab_channel=AlexTseitlin Popular songs of the 1970s: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Annual_Hebrew_Song_Chart; https://www.myisraelimusic.com/episode1103 On 70s-era terror attacks in Israel: https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/maps/pages/1967-1993-%20major%20terror%20attacks.aspx On the PFLP: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/pflp-dflp-pflp-gc-palestinian-leftists Haddad obit: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1978/04/02/110820416.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 Haddad funeral: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8bECeco57k&ab_channel=BloombergQuicktake%3ANow

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ Prior to the Holocaust, the 1903 pogrom in Kishinev (now Moldova) was the most infamous occurrence of Jewish suffering in the Diaspora. In this episode, Noam explores the many myths that surround the massacre and how it inspired Theodor Herzl to propose the controversial Uganda Plan. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and Marci & Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by ​​the Jewish Federation of Northeastern New York, and the Tampa Jewish Federation. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about the Uganda Plan: https://jewishunpacked.com/herzl-and-the-non-promised-land/ ~~~~ Steven J Zipperstein, Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History Edward Judge, Anatomy of a Pogrom http://faculty.history.umd.edu/BCooperman/NewCity/Slaughter.html Micah Goodman, The Wondering Jew: Israel and the Search for Jewish Identity https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.2307/23877915 https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1093/mj/kjh017 https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/founding-and-early-years.html Ervin Birnbaum, In the Shadow of the Struggle https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.2307/40574565 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EAQVYv-rqw

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ Welcome to Season 3 of Unpacking Israeli History! In the summer of 1929, Jews and Arabs alike found themselves caught in an unbearably bloody battle. The aftermath of a deadly riot showed the Jews of British Mandatory Palestine that the British couldn’t protect them, leading them to unite under the banner of Zionism. In this episode, Noam unpacks the 1929 Hebron Riots and considers why it may be considered “Year Zero” of the Arab-Israeli conflict. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and by Marci & Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by Liz and Moshe Neiman. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Black Saturday: https://jewishunpacked.com/black-saturday-how-far-would-you-go-for-a-homeland/ Unpacking Israeli History about UN Resolution 3379: https://jewishunpacked.com/is-zionism-racism-un-resolution-3379/ ~~~~ Once Upon a Country: A Palestinian Life, Sari Nusseibeh https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amin-al-Husayni https://www.britannica.com/topic/mufti https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/hajj-amin-al-husayni-the-mufti-of-jerusalem A History of Israel, From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, Howard Sachar Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1998, Benny Morris One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, Tom Segev Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel-Palestine, Sandy Sufian and Mark Levine https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/1929-hebron-massacre-begins-1.5427655 https://www.jpost.com/features/in-thespotlight/this-week-in-history-the-1929-hebron-massacre City of Abraham, Edward Platt https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-hebron-massacre-of-1929 http://en.hebron.org.il/history/713 Israel: A History, Martin Gilbert The Claim of Dispossession, Aryeh Avneri Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929-30, Naomi Cohen https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015066430987&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021, The Shaw Report https://www.jta.org/archive/testimony-of-orphaned-jewish-children-moves-hebron-court Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1929, Hillel Cohen http://en.jabotinsky.org/media/9747/the-iron-wall.pdf https://www.sefaria.org/topics/mashiach?tab=sources https://hebronfund.org/the-return-to-hebron-1967/ ~~~~

UIH survey here: https://jewishunpacked.com/uihsurvey ~~~~ It’s January of 1954 and the Attorney General v. Gruenwald case, AKA the Kastner trial, has begun. This was seemingly an open and shut libel case between an elderly Hungarian Jew and Israeli government official, Israel Rudolph Kastner. Yet somehow the trial caused a government fallout, brought David Ben-Gurion out of retirement and led to Israel’s first political assassination. In this episode, Noam explores what exactly Kastner was guilty of and how to grapple with the impossible choices he faced at the hands of the Nazis. ~~~~ This season of Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Barbara Sommer & Alan Fisher, and Marci & Andrew Spitzer, and this episode is generously sponsored by ​​the Jewish Federation of Northeastern New York, and the Tampa Jewish Federation. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Black Saturday: https://jewishunpacked.com/black-saturday-how-far-would-you-go-for-a-homeland/ ~~~~ Bibliography: https://jewishunpacked.com/the-kastner-trial-why-a-jew-who-saved-many-was-put-on-trial-for-working-with-the-nazis/

We are deep in the weeds prepping Season 3 of Unpacking Israeli History, and, dear listeners, you’re going to love it. As in past seasons, we’ll be exploring exciting, intense, and complicated topics. Stay tuned, and brush up on past episodes. Yalla, let’s do this.

This is the story of the men and women who brought us our state. Who ran guns, defended settlements, defied the Mandatory Powers that Be, smuggled shell-shocked refugees into their homeland… and who disagreed with each other mightily about the best way to wrench their homeland back from a dying empire. In this episode, the last of Season 2, Noam tells the story of Black Saturday and asks, how far would we have gone to bring about the State of Israel? ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Alan Fisher and Barbara Sommer, and Jon and Rachie Teller, and this episode is generously sponsored by Yoni and Lisa Wintner. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about the Altalena: https://jewishunpacked.com/the-altalena-israels-almost-civil-war/ ~~~~ www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsw_q5vO9hY http://hebrewsongs.com/?song=shirhapalmach https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/quot-my-heart-is-in-the-east-quot-yehuda-halevi https://etzel.org.il/ Sasson Sofer, Zionism and the Foundations of Israeli Diplomacy Anita Shapira, Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel Daniel Gordis, Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmYyPcEQKU4 https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/declaration%20of%20establishment%20of%20state%20of%20israel.aspx Thurston Clark, By Blood and Fire

By January 1993, the Israelis and the Palestinians had opened secret negotiations, culminating in the Oslo Accords, a series of agreements between Israel and the PLO, as the representatives of the Palestinians. So, what was Oslo? What is its legacy? How did the Israeli public, including the settlement leadership, view Oslo? What about the Palestinians? And, what lessons can we learn from this haunting story? ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Alan Fisher and Barbara Sommer, and Jon and Rachie Teller, and this episode is generously sponsored by Yoni and Lisa Wintner, Beverly and Blake Lorenz, and Dr. Neil and Pam Weissman. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about Baruch Goldstein: https://jewishunpacked.com/baruch-goldstein-legacy-of-a-massacre/ Unpacking Israeli History about Rabin's assassination: https://jewishunpacked.com/the-assassination-of-yitzchak-rabin/ Unpacking Israeli History about UN Resolution 3379: https://jewishunpacked.com/is-zionism-racism-un-resolution-3379/ ~~~~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8CFL6gHgxI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yD0YmVwYJpA https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/madrid-conference https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-original-palestine-national-charter-1964 Rise and Kill First, by Ronen Bergman https://www.adl.org/education/resources/glossary-terms/the-oslo-accords-oslo-process https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/declaration%20of%20principles.aspx https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/the%20israeli-palestinian%20interim%20agreement%20-%20main%20p.aspx https://iris.org.il/arafats-johannesburg-speech/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1994/05/26/arafats-loose-lips/ffd735a8-fe5f-4172-87fa-a77b4261c820/ https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/yasser-arafat-a-fake-hero-a-lord-of-corruption/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=6x25gf58ezI https://www.smh.com.au/world/sharon-not-frightened-by-ancient-jewish-death-curse-20050728-gdlrql.html https://www.haaretz.com/1.4853346 https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-great-revolt-66-70-ce https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-they-heard-yitzhak-rabin-speak-right-before-his-murder-and-they-ll-never-forget-it-1.9291295 https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/palestineremix/the-price-of-oslo.html#/14 https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/palestinian/pages/suicide%20and%20other%20bombing%20attacks%20in%20israel%20since.aspx https://sci-hub.se/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41289422 Like Dreamers, Yossi Klein Halevi https://open.spotify.com/track/1aO1Pg9yuW6aVe6yYObjpk?si=2f2589b4f8dc479b https://rabbisacks.org/pinchas-5781/ https://palwatch.org/page/8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhMF30VLZCA Noa Tishby, Israel: A Simple Guide to the Most Misunderstood Country on Earth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gj2-MMB_st0 ~~~~ Unpacked is a division of OpenDor Media

The story of Sabra and Shatila is a horrifying one. A paramilitary Lebanese group massacres between 800 and 2,000 refugees, many in horrifying ways. And oddly...Israel is blamed for this awful, awful crime? This week, Noam will break down the confusing and upsetting story of Sabra and Shatila, and in doing so, will ask, how does a nation deal with power and responsibility? ~~~~ Unpacking Israeli History is generously sponsored by Alan Fisher and Barbara Sommer, and Jon and Rachie Teller, and this episode is generously sponsored by Yoni & Lisa Wintner. ~~~~ Learn more about Unpacked: https://jewishunpacked.com/about/ Visit Unpacked on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/unpacked Unpacking Israeli History about the Munich Olympics: https://jewishunpacked.com/munich-olympics-when-terrorism-won/ Unpacking Israeli History about the disengagement from Gaza: https://jewishunpacked.com/gush-katif-when-jews-expelled-jews/ ~~~~ Sources https://vimeo.com/548669557/description?fbclid=IwAR1NbzDCIl4kiYn8oWh64SkeGk8ABA45E2ulvx87AIz_SBM_JTuTd8vZ5M4 https://web.archive.org/web/20101130144018/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/pid/12363 https://www.thoughtco.com/black-september-jordanian-plo-civil-war-2353168 https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222951/http://legal.un.org/repertory/art98/english/rep_supp5_vol5-art98_e.pdf#pagemode=none https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/19/lebanon.israelandthepalestinians https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/palestinian/pages/the%20kuntar%20file%20exposed%20-%20yediot%20aharonot%2014-jul-2008.aspx https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/25/world/shlomo-argov-73-ex-israeli-envoy-his-shooting-prompted-an-invasion.html https://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/history/pages/operation%20peace%20for%20galilee%20-%201982.aspx https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284144 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenicianism http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6932786.stm https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-first-lebanon-war https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1982/09/15/issue.html https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.2307/2009880 https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/oct/18/guardianobituaries https://www.firstthings.com/article/2018/05/soloveitchik-the-zionist https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://en.wikipedia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=1606&context=facpubs&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com.tr%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3Dmassacres%2Bin%2Blebanon%26btnG%3D%26as_sdt%3D1%252C5%26as_sdtp%3D#search=%22massacres%20lebanon%22 ~~~~ Unpacked is a division of OpenDor Media