This Week in Evolution

Nels and Vincent review isolation of SARS-CoV-2-like viruses from bats in Laos that can replicate in human cells. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode SARS-CoV-2 like viruses in bats in Laos (Nature) Vampire vax (TWiV 809) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Erich Jarvis on scientists and public engagement Vincent – Polio type 1 in Africa Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Joe Graves joins Nels and Vincent to discuss his career in evolutionary biology and his recent book that answers questions about race and racism. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Joe Graves Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode On Racism, Not Race (Amazon) African Americans in evolutionary science (Behav Ecol Sociobiol) Biological variation and the normal (Am J Hum Biol) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Where is Webb? Vincent – Black Microbiologists Association Joe – Biology versus bias Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent review three aspects of SARS-CoV-2: phylogenetics of Omicron, a two-step fitness selection for variants, and putative RNA insertions from host genomes. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Two-step fitness selection for SARS-CoV-2 variants (Cell Rep) Host origins of SARS-CoV-2 genome insertions (Virological) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Plant virus satellite accelerates wing formation in insect Vincent – A plant virus that switched to vertebrates Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss evolutionary evidence for an epidemic of coronavirus infection over 20,000 years ago in East Asia, and reconstruction of the membrane differences between bacteria and Archaea reveals unexpected differences in permeability. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Ancient coronavirus epidemic in East Asia (Curr Biol) Gene-culture coevolution and human evolutionary transition (Proc Roy Soc B) Membrane permeability at the lipid divide (bioRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Slowed canonical progress in large fields of science Vincent – Virology Live Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent explain a method to calculate the mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2, and the role of a single amino acid change in spike in enhancing fitness of the delta variant and enabling it to out-compete the alpha variant. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode SARS-CoV-2 mutation rate (Genome Biology Evolution) Delta spike change enhances fitness (bioRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Leading Edge Symposium Vincent – Epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Listener Pick Thomas – The gene's-eye view of evolution by J. Arvid Ågren Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Carl Zimmer joins Nels to talk about science writing, science communication, viruses, and his new book, On Life's Edge. Host: Nels Elde Guest: Carl Zimmer Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode On Life's Edge by Carl Zimmer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Remembrance of Dick Lewontin Carl – From telomere to telomere: the transcriptional and epigenetic state of human repeat elements Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss the identification of novel bat coronaviruses that shed light on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2, dating the first cases of COVID-19 to mid-November 2019, and recovery of deleted genome sequences from early in the Wuhan outbreak. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Identification of novel bat coronaviruses (Cell) Dating first cases of COVID-19 (PLoS Path) Recovery of deleted SARS-CoV-2 sequences (bioRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – The Last—And Only—Foreign Scientist in the Wuhan Lab Speaks Out Vincent – Human Behavior During the Pandemic Is More Important Than Any Covid Variant Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent explain a new method for calculating the most recent common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2, which concludes that the ancestral virus was circulating in October/November 2019, before its first detection in China. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Evolutionary portrait of SARS-CoV-2 (Mol Biol Evolution) Letters read on TWiEVO 68 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Ed Yong pandemic trauma and We're Not Ready for the Next Pandemic Vincent – Furin cleavage site is not a smoking gun Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent review evidence for recombinant SARS-CoV-2 genomes arising in the B.1.1.7 lineage within the United Kingdom. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Recombination in B.1.1.7 lineage (Virological) CoVariants Letters read on TWiEVO 67 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Mars rover helicopter flight! Vincent – TWiN 17: Worms see the light with Michael Nitabach Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent review a preprint demonstrating that changes in the genomes of the SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.351 and P.1 allow the viruses to reproduce in mouse cells in culture and in laboratory mice. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Tony Schountz on TWiV 668 SARS-CoV-2 variants infect mice (bioRxiv) CoVariants Letters read on TWiEVO 66 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Billion years of plate tectonics Vincent – Sapiens a Graphic History by Yuval Noah Harari Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent review evidence that a single amino acid change in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has driven adaptation to humans, followed by an update on the status of variants of concern. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Selective sweep drove SARS-CoV-2 adaptation (bioRxiv) Novel coronavirus haplotypes Letters read on TWiEVO 65 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Radio Garden Vincent – Our World in Data – Coronavirus Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent consider evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and update the situation on novel virus variants of concern with potentially altered fitness and reactivity with antibodies. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Nature) mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to variants (bioRxiv) Scott Hensley thread (Twitter) Analysis of B.1.17 lineage (virological) Trevor Bedford thread (Twitter) Andrew Rambaut on variant naming (Twitter) Letters read on TWiEVO 64 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Biden Administration PCAST and The Hill We Climb Vincent – Four inaugural quotations – Lincoln, Roosevelt, Kennedy, Biden Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent wrap up 2020 with a discussion of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have emerged in the United Kingdom and South Africa, how to interpret the rapidly emerging genome sequence data and what to look for in the coming weeks as these variants spread across the globe. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Preliminary genomic characterization of UK variant (virological) Clinical outcomes of infection with Orf8 variants (Lancet) Global Report Investigating Novel Coronavirus Haplotypes (GRINCH) South African SARS-CoV-2 lineage (medRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Katalin Karikos' career and mRNA vaccines Vincent – Reverse Engineering of mRNA vaccine Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Daniel joins Nels and Vincent to discuss his new book on army ants, the wickedest insects ever to roam the planet, and his research on them and clonal raider ants. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Daniel Kronauer Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode This Week in Ants (TWiEVO 13) Raiders of the Lost Orco (TWiEVO 18) Army Ants by Daniel Kronauer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Daniel – Desert Navigator by Rüdiger Wehner and Insects of Suriname by Maria Sibylla Merian Nels – NPR Scicommers Vincent – The Vintage Beauty Of Soviet Control Rooms Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss an opinion piece on 12 evolutionary insights into how the COVID-19 pandemic is shaping human nature, and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 reproduction in an immunosuppressed patient. Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Microbe.TV on instagram Pandemic exposes human nature (PNAS) Carl Bergstrom calls BS (Twitter) Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 reproduction in patient (J Inf Dis) Letters read on TWiEVO 61 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels – Scott Edwards bikes across US; support diversity in evolution Vincent – 30 computers sculpture project Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

On the fifth anniversary of TWiEVO, Nels and Vincent invite 12 evolutionary biologists to describe exciting future directions for the field and their laboratory in the next five years. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guests: Lillian Fritz Laylin, Talia Karasov, Andrew Kern, Sarah Tishkoff, Dmitri Petrov, Nancy Chen, Amanda Larracuente, John McCutcheon, Ambika Kamath, Chip Aquadro, Rebekah Rogers, Yaniv Braindvain, and Harmit Malik Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Science Picks Nels - Science Mill Virtual Tour and Benefit Vincent - Das Coronavirus summaries Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent answer listener questions and discuss a newly discovered virus of amoeba with a nearly complete ORFan genome: none of the proteins encoded in the viral genome look like any other proteins. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Yaravirus (PNAS) Letters read on TWiEVO 59 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Blog by Ambika Kamath Vincent - TWiVerse Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Simon and Heather join TWiEVO to discuss their analysis of the evolutionary history of ACE2 usage by coronaviruses in the Sarbecovirus genus. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guests: Simon Anthony and Heather Wells Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Evolutionary history of sarbecovirus ACE2 binding (bioRxiv) Bombali virus in bats (Nat Micro) Herpesviruses in Puerto Rican bats (bioRxiv) Adenovirus and herpesvirus in great apes (PLoS One) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Jessie, Allie and Tyler join Nels and Vincent to describe their work on deep mutational scanning of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guests: Jesse Bloom, Allie Greaney, and Tyler Starr Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Links for this episode Bloom Laboratory Deep mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 RBD (bioRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent continue their discussion of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, including understanding recurrent mutations in the viral genome, and the potential for re-emergence of the virus from an animal reservoir. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity (Inf, Genet, Evol) Re-emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (bioRxiv) Tackling SARS-CoV-2 rumors (virological.org) Letters read on TWiEVO 56 Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - The Cell in Evolution Vincent - Visual Science Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent continue their discussion of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, with a report that the coronavirus proofreading enzyme stimulates RNA recombination, and debunking the conclusion that a change in the viral spike glycoprotein is associated with increased human to human transmission. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO CoV proofreading enzyme stimulates recombination (bioRxiv) CoV spike mutation pipeline (bioRxiv) Issues with CoV sequencing data (virological.org) Bill Hanage on selection vs bottleneck (threader.app) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - In Memoriam: Gordon Lark Vincent - John Oliver Discussion of Antibody Tests Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent continue their discussion of SARS-CoV-2 from an evolutionary viewpoint, including function of the furin cleavage site, whether Vervet cells are an informative system, another bat isolate, and a nomenclature to assist genomic epidemiology. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (bioRxiv) More related SARSr virus from bat (bioRxiv) Patient isolates in Vero cells (medRxiv) Nomenclature for genomic epidemiology (bioRxiv) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - EvoEco seminars Vincent - Coronavirus book for children Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent continue their discussion of SARS-CoV-2 from an evolutionary viewpoint, focusing on what the genome sequences tell us about the virus. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Clement Chow with COVID-19 (Salt Lake Trib) Scientists exposed to coronavirus (Nature) CoV by Britt Glaunsinger (YouTube) Genetic epidemiology of novel coronavirus (nextstrain.org) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Science Mill Explorer Zone Vincent - COVID-19 treatment and therapy tracker Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent examine SARS-CoV-2 from an evolutionary viewpoint, examining what the spike glycoprotein sequence informs us about the origin of the virus. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Distinct CoV name needed (Lancet) Proximal origin of SARS-COV-2 (virological) CoV spillovers not rare (Goats and Soda) SARS-CoV-2 phylodynamics analysis (virological) Bat CoV surveillance in China (PLoS Path) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Alejandro Sanchez TED Talk Vincent - WHO SARS-CoV-2 Sitrep Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent dive deep into evolution and consider how new proteins emerged billions of years ago, when there were no other proteins to serve as starting material. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Primordial emergence of a nucleic acid binding protein (bioRxiv) Tawfik laboratory Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 51 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Universal principled review Vincent - Hostile Planet by National Geographic Listener Pick Courtney - Nightwish Endless Forms Most Beautiful and Shudder Before The Beautiful Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss signatures of sex chromosome evolution revealed by assembly of a young vertebrate Y chromosome from 3-spined stickleback fish. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Assembly of a young vertebrate Y chromosome (bioRxiv) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 50 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Genome from a 5,700-Year-Old Wad of Chewed Gum Vincent - NJ Sea-Level Rise Reports Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Rich joins Nels and Vincent for a debriefing on the 4th Ringberg Symposium on Giant Virus Biology in Tegernsee, Germany. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Rich Condit Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Endless giant virus forms most beautiful (TWiV 575) 4th Ringberg Giant Virus Meeting Program (pdf) Photographs by Matthias Fischer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Rich - Flightradar24 Nels - Deutsches Museum Munich Vincent - Diversify Microbiology Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent reveal a new choanoflagellate that forms multicellular cup shaped colonies that respond to light to alternate between feeding and swimming behavior. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Microbial accomplices in multicellularity (TWiEVO 11) Light regulated collective contractility (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 48 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - How to write a great science paper by Cormac McCarthy Vincent - Natural Selection Store Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent trace the origins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains used to make beer, and find that ales and lagers are made with yeasts that were derived from those used to make European grape wine and Asian rice wine. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Origins of beer yeasts (PLoS Biol) Chateau Jiahu beer Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Population fluctuations in 10 biggest cities Vincent - 1.7 million year old rhino tooth (original Nature paper) Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent analyze the genomes of canine transmissible tumors to provide insight into the worldwide spread of the disease from its origin in a single dog 4000-8500 years ago, and its diversity, mutation, and evolution. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Evolution and mutation of canine transmissible cancer (Science) Clam cancers (TWiEVO 17) Sixth modality of infectious disease (PLoS Path) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels - Vasa Museum in Stockholm Vincent - Nobel Museum in Stockholm Listener Pick Irene - @EndlessFormsand #PlantScienceFascinatesMe #plantsday Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

At ASM Microbe in San Francisco, Nels and Vincent meet up with Talia Karasov who reveals that in contrast to agriculture, wild plants are colonized by multiple lineages of pathogenic bacteria. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Talia Karasov Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Talia Karasov in the Bergelson lab Arabidopsis thaliana and Pseudomonas (Cell Host Micr) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

At ASM Microbe in San Francisco, Nels and Vincent meet up with Paul Turner to talk about evolutionary considerations in using bacteriophages to treat infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Paul Taylor Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Turner Lab at Yale Phage therapy: A renewed approach (Cell Host Microbe) Phage treatment of aortic graft (Evol Med Pub Health) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Science Glass Vincent- Phage therapy for disseminated Mycobacterial infection Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Dustin Rubinstein joins Nels and Vincent to discuss coevolution of genome architecture and social behavior, and studying social transitions in sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Dustin Rubinstein Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Co-evolution of genome architecture and social behavior (Trend Ecol Evol) Social transitions in snapping shrimp (Curr Op Insect Sci) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Dustin- Genesis: The Deep Origin of Societies 1 by E.O. Wilson, and The Human Swarm by Mark O. Moffett Nels- For Love of Insects by Thomas Eisner Vincent- Quacks blamed for Pakistan HIV-1 outbreak Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent review the contribution of multiple Denisovan lineages to the modern Papuan genome. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Denisovan ancestries in Papuans (Cell) Prof Murray Cox Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 42 Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Sydney Brenner - What Genomes Can Tell Us About the PastVincent- Scientific Communication in a Post-Truth Society Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent explore the evolution of new protein-coding genes de novo from nocoding DNA sequences, using the antifreeze protein of northern codfish as a model. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Evolution of antifreeze protein gene in codfish (PNAS) Codfish diversity (Cheng lab) Frankentomatoes (Huff Post) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Science at Sundance reviews Vincent- The Rise and Fall of Scientific Authority Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent move back to reproductive isolation - this time, pre-zygotic, in the charismatic orchid bee where the males make chemically distinct perfumes to attract mates of the same species. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Olfactory receptor gene underlies reproductive isolation (biorXiv) Image credit Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Science Picks Nels- Nature Zen: Orchid Bees Are Shiny Vincent- What You Believe About Science Denial May Be All Wrong Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent look at the intracellular bacteria Legionella from an evolutionary perspective: the role of gene acquisition and reshuffling from plants, animals, fungi, and archaea in the emergence of human pathogens. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Over 18,000 effectors in Legionella genome (PNAS) Carmen Buchrieser lab Howard Shuman Science Picks Nels - Science in Film (twitter) Vincent - Lunar Eclipse 101 Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent reveal a highly conserved protein that acts as an evolvability factor, increasing mutation and the ability of bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Inhibiting evolution of antibiotic resistance (Mol Cell) Pushing viruses over the error threshold (virology blog) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 38 Science Picks Nels- Science/nature illustrator/artist Rachel Ignotofsky (website, Etsy shop) Vincent- Life Ascending by Nick Lane Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

David Quammen joins Nels and Vincent to talk about his new book, A Tangled Tree, including evolutionary trees, Carl Woese, Lynn Margulis, horizontal gene transfer, and much more. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: David Quammen Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO David's website David on TWiV 408, Boston Quammens Axel Erlandson's trees reimagined - Gilroy Gardens Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Mia joins Nels and Vincent to unravel their finding that the transposons that maintain the ends of chromosomes in Drosophilahave evolved in conflict with the genome. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Mia Levine Subscribe (free): iTunes, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiEVO Levine Lab at U Penn Telomere elongation without telomerase (bioRxiv) Letters read on TWiEVO 36 Science Picks Nels - Cinema Science podcast Vincent - Mastodon bones unearthed (Instagram, Grand Rapids News) Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent reveal that female-specific DNA associated with sex in strawberries has repeatedly changed its genomic location, possibly linking new genes with sex. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Jumping sex genes in strawberries (PLoS Biol) Red Queen by Matt Ridley Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 35 Science Picks Nels - New snailfish and Cloned crayfish Vincent - A PhD Lab Coat Ceremony Listener Picks Steve - Diversity in simple blobs Justin - On Growth and Forms by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss how the loss of an enzyme in marine mammals millions of years ago now makes them at risk for neurotoxicity caused by human-made organophosphorous pesticides. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient lossesof paraoxonase I (Science) Big Yellow Taxi (YouTube) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 34 Hey farmer farmer put away the chlor-pyri-fus I don't care about spots on my apples Leave me the manatee and walruses Science Picks Nels - New dinosaur discovered in Utah Vincent -The Song of the Dodo by David Quammen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent are astounded by the finding of an insect-derived virus in a fungus that manipulates the behavior of flies. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Virus in fungus in fly (bioRxiv) On a leaf, no one can hear you scream (TWiV 443) Nels gives Benzer Lecture (YouTube) Domestication of fungal fly pathogen (bioRxiv) Sequencing E. muscae genome (10X genomics) Eisen's twitter stream on new iflavirus (Twitter) Science Picks Nels - Mindsuckers; getting photos; Anand Varma photos Vincent - Happy Birthday Gregor Mendel Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Matt joins Nels and Vincent to discuss the neutral theory of evolution and its rejection in light of genome-scale data. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Matt Hahn Become a patron of TWiEVO Hahn Lab Molecular Population Genetics by Matt Hahn Neutral theoryin light of natural selection (Mol Biol Evol) Neutral Sequence Fallacy(Assembly of Fragments) Splendor and miseryof adaptation (BMC Biol) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 32 Science Picks Nels - Inaugural Transposon Day Vincent - How many human genes? Listener Pick Anne- Plants repeatedly lose ability to obtain nitrogen Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent present ancient hepatitis B virus genome sequences from Bronze Age to Medieval period human remains. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Ancient hepatitis B virus genomes(Nature) Even more ancient HBV genomes(bioRxiv) Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 31 Science Picks Nels - Sampling whale breathwith drones (Preprint) Vincent - Verge Science Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent reveal how a motor protein in corn causes preferential transmission of chromosomes to egg cells, leading to non-Mendelian inheritance. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cellmeeting Selfishcorn chromosomes (Cell) Dawe Lab- neocentromeres and meiotic drive Image credit Letters readon TWiEVO 30 Science Picks Nels - Craypot stinkhorn mushroom (Colus pusilus) Vincent -Doubts raised over plan to release herpesvirus to wipe out carp Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Nels and Vincent discuss the evolution of blood feeding to nonbiting in a mosquito, and evolution of bacterial virulence in the house finch caused by incomplete host immunity. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Mosquito evolution from blood feeding to nonbiting (PNAS) Mosquito blood feeding is not a free lunch (virology blog) Incomplete immunity and evolution of virulence (Science) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 29 Science Picks Nels - IDEA and Impossible Foods Vincent - it is NOT junk Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Sarah Tishkoff joins Nels and Vincent to explain work from her laboratory on the genetic basis of skin pigmentation in Africans. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Sarah Tishkoff Become a patron of TWiEVO Molecular Evolution and the Cell meeting Sarah AMA on Reddit Genetics of African skin pigmentation (Science) Image credit Science Picks Nels - In Defense of Plants (Shrew Loo) Vincent - Contribution of NIH funding to new drug approvals Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Taking a cue from the recent frigid weather, Nels and Vincent explore how modifications of a neuronal cold-sensing channel regulate diminished cold sensitivity in hibernating mammals. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Become a patron of TWiEVO Why ground squirrels and hamsters don't mind the cold (Cell Rep) Image credit Letters read on TWiEVO 27 Science Picks Nels - Undergrad podcasters from Stonehill College Vincent - Viruses at Target Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]

Vinny Lynch joins Nels and Vincent to discuss how a zombie gene in elephants protects these large, long lived animals from cancer. Hosts: Nels Elde and Vincent Racaniello Guest: Vinny Lynch Become a patron of TWiEVO Lynch Lab Elephant zombie LIF gene induces apoptosis (bioRxiv) Image credit Science Picks Nels - Animalism Vincent - Voyager I fires up thrusters after 37 years Vinny - Rollin' Wild Music on TWiEVO is performed by Trampled by Turtles Send your evolution questions and comments to [email protected]