The Space Show by Dr. David Livingston

John and I welcomed Dr. Enrique Gaztañaga from the University of Portsmouth in the UK. Dr. Gaztañaga presented an alternative theory of the universe that challenges the established Big Bang model. Since the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) came online, observations have raised questions about the standard Big Bang theory—questions that Dr. Gaztañaga has been at the forefront of addressing through his new theoretical framework, which is still under active investigation and referred to as the Black Hole Universe Theory.As you listen to this two-part program, we encourage you to visit Dr. Gaztañaga's excellent website at https://darkcosmos.com for more details and a comprehensive list of his published articles. You can also read his latest peer-reviewed work in Physical Review D.To briefly summarize from his website: “The Big Bang was not the start of everything, but rather the outcome of a gravitational collapse that formed a very massive black hole — followed by a bounce inside. This idea — which we call the Black Hole Universe — offers a radically different view of cosmic origins, yet it is grounded entirely in known physics and observations.”Be sure to check out his papers and learn more about this bold and intriguing theory. We’re certain Dr. Gaztañaga will be a returning guest on Hotel Mars and The Space Show in the future.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4389: Sunday, June 22: 12 PM PDT; Dr. Karen Lloyd re her book “Intra-terrestrials: Discovering the Strangest Life on Earth”Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Bill Gowan joined us on this program to share his experience participating in The Planetary Society’s annual Day of Action on Capitol Hill. This year’s event took place in March and included training sessions, group feedback meetings, and visits to numerous congressional offices, primarily engaging with staffers from both the Senate and the House. While the Day of Action had its own structured agenda focused on space advocacy, Bill also brought his personal priorities with him advocating for three key goals: exploring other worlds, defending Earth, and finding life.During the first 15–20 minutes of the show, Bill walked us through the process of preparing for and participating in the Day of Action. He discussed the training which was led by Casey Dreier and Jack Kiraly (The Planetary Society’s government relations representative in Washington, D.C.), and what it was like to engage directly with congressional staffers. His detailed narrative offered a strong introduction and background, providing listeners with valuable insights into the experience of citizen lobbying for space.Bill took several listener phone calls and responded to numerous email questions, as well as my own. Many of the questions focused on how receptive congressional staffers were to discussions about space, and whether they seemed genuinely interested. A recurring theme was the concern over proposed NASA budget cuts outlined in the President’s so-called “Skinny Budget.” Bill provided helpful context, highlighting how these proposed cuts compared to previous budgets and emphasizing the growing resistance in Congress to such reductions—especially those targeting science programs. One particularly interesting exchange came when I asked Bill if he could tell whether a member of Congress was motivated by genuine interest in space and science—or simply liked spending taxpayer dollars. Bill’s thoughtful response to that question is not to be missed.Bill also identified the specific members his group met with. While it's uncertain how any individual member will vote when the full budget bill comes up, Bill reported encouraging signs of support for preserving key NASA programs. Of course, much will depend on the final form of the bill and the political pressure applied during the legislative process.Later in the show, Bill made a strong case for civic engagement—encouraging all of us to talk to our elected officials, not just about space but about issues we care about more broadly. His explanation of why this matters was compelling and extended well beyond space advocacy. Before we wrapped up, Bill was asked how he would respond to someone who claims, “The country is broke—we have to cut spending, and that includes space.” His answer to this hypothetical but very real concern was both pragmatic and passionate.Finally, Bill was asked if he encountered any “space cadets” among the staffers or members of Congress. He smiled and shared that many expressed enthusiasm for space—citing childhood memories of Apollo, sci-fi movies and TV shows, and a general fascination with the cosmos. He believes many in Congress, even those not on space committees, have a “secret space cadet” gene.We thanked Bill for doing a fantastic job of sharing his experience with us and look forward to having him back next March to hear how his next Day of Action unfolds—as an enthusiastic, unpaid, and deeply committed space advocate.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Tuesday, June 17: No program today | Tuesday 17 Jun 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonNo program today.Broadcast 4387: Hotel Mars with Dr. Enrique Gaztanaga | Wednesday 18 Jun 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Dr. Enrique GaztanagaNew black hole theory, Earth and moreBroadcast 4388 VIA ZOOM: Dr. Robert Bishop | Friday 20 Jun 2025 930AM PTGuests: Dr. Robert BishopVia Zoom; Texas A&M in space, AI, Cyber, space defense tech and moreBroadcast 4389: Dr. Karen Lloyd | Sunday 22 Jun 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. Karen LloydDr. Lloyd talks about her new book, "intra-Terrestrials: Discovering the strangest life on Earth."Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live

John and I welcomed back Eric Berger of Ars Technica to Hotel Mars for a one-segment update and discussion on SpaceX, Elon Musk, and Starship. We began by asking Eric what successful Starship testing would look like for SpaceX. He acknowledged that it's difficult to define clear success metrics at this stage.We then discussed the upcoming Demo Test #10, potential hardware and assembly issues, plus Eric elaborated on some of the challenges SpaceX might face. The conversation touched on Starship’s role in NASA's planned Moon missions, the importance of testing in low Earth orbit (LEO), and the need to develop and demonstrate in-orbit refueling capabilities. Eric spoke about the types of fuel Starship uses and highlighted the need to address issues like boil-off during storage in space.Before concluding, we asked Eric about the ongoing feud between Elon Musk and President Trump. Eric said it was hard to predict how things would unfold but thought Musk might walk back some of his comments. He emphasized the strategic importance of SpaceX to the U.S. government in both civil space and national security domains. While the FAA could theoretically delay permits in response to Musk’s remarks, Eric didn’t think that was likely at this time.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming Programs:Broadcast 4387: By Zoom: Friday, 6-20 @!09:30 AM PDDTDr. Robert Bishop, Texas A&M Dean on AI, Cyber, Defense Tech & SpaceBroadcast 4388: Sunday, June 22: 12 PM PDT; Dr. Karen Lloyd re her book “Intra-terrestrials: Discovering the Strangest Life on Earth”Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We welcomed Dave Barnhart, CEO and Co-founder of Arkisys, Inc., back to the program to share updates since his last appearance on May 2, 2023. The conversation focused on developments in the growing field of space servicing and the evolving commercial space industry.Dave provided a comprehensive update on Arkisys’s Port project, highlighting increased interest from the U.S. Space Force, the Space Development Agency, and other key government and private stakeholders. He discussed concepts such as deorbit augmentation and post-launch integration, offering specific examples of potential business opportunities emerging from these efforts.R&D and funding were key parts of the discussion. Dave explained how Arkisys is reducing risk through terrestrial experimentation, with a strong emphasis on rendezvous and transport capabilities via their Cutter vehicle. Listener questions focused on space logistics, satellite servicing markets, and the economic implications of declining launch costs. Dave noted that as launch prices continue to fall, the economics of on-orbit servicing become significantly more challenging and competitive.Later in the program, Dave introduced two major industry consortiums: COSMIC, a U.S.-only initiative, and CONFERS, which has a global scope despite being based in the U.S. He emphasized the importance of establishing industry norms and standards—an area of growing importance as the space economy matures.As the discussion wrapped up, Dave outlined Arkisys’s five-year plan, which includes deploying up to three Port modules, potentially connected, along with using the Cutter vehicle to ferry payloads to and from the Port. While human spaceflight is not currently part of their roadmap, he expressed interest in supporting human spaceflight companies with the Port platform in the future.Dave also addressed the use of AI in Arkisys operations—be sure to catch his insights on that topic. Before concluding, he shared updates on internships and future hiring plans. Earlier in the conversation, he enthusiastically described Arkisys's mentorship of student teams focused on in-space construction, noting a significant year-over-year increase in participation, underscoring growing interest in this sector.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4383: ZOOM: Marcus Chown, UK author | Sunday 08 Jun 2025 1200PM PTBroadcast 4384: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTBroadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

The Space Show welcomed award-winning author and former Caltech radio astronomer Marcus Chown to discuss his latest book, A Crack in Everything: How Black Holes Came in from the Cold and Took Cosmic Center Stage. Chown shared his journey from early inspiration—thanks to a childhood astronomy book and the moon landing—to his current career as a science writer/journalist. He also noted the success of his previous book, The Ascent of Gravity, named the Sunday Times Science Book of the Year.Chown traced the transformation of black holes from theoretical curiosities to essential cosmic players. He described the 1971 discovery of the first black hole in the Cygnus X-1 system and explained how supermassive black holes were surprisingly identified before stellar-mass ones, thanks to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. He clarified that while black holes themselves emit no light, matter falling into them creates bright emissions.Chown highlighted the overlooked contributions of women in astronomy, especially Louise Webster, co-discoverer of black holes. He emphasized black holes’ vital role in galaxy formation and the intriguing theory that their presence may influence the emergence of life.Chown detailed how light elements formed in the Big Bang, while heavier ones like uranium and thorium emerged in supernovae. The 2017 detection of gravitational waves from neutron star mergers revealed the origin of precious metals like gold and platinum, solving a long-standing mystery. He also explained that gamma-ray bursts, once detected by military satellites, are linked to these cataclysmic events. This was in response to a question by Dr. Kothari. In addition, his discussing regarding uranium, thorium, and plutonium helped to explain that only specific isotopes are fissile due to nuclear forces. These elements contribute to Earth's heat and helium production. He praised physicist Lise Meitner, co-discoverer of nuclear fission and developer of the liquid drop model, who was nominated 49 times for the Nobel Prize but never awarded.Chown addressed how James Webb Space Telescope findings—such as unexpectedly bright early galaxies and potential newborn supermassive black holes—challenge current galaxy formation theories. He explored speculative ideas, including advanced civilizations possibly harnessing black hole energy, and the elusive role of dark matter in cosmic structure.I had Marcus if he had any concerns about what may be a U.S. pull back from science and engineering for budgetary reasons. I wanted to know if thought there were other players that might step in and fill the void left by the U.S. were the pull back to happen. Marcus expressed concern over a potential U.S. retreat from scientific leadership, emphasizing the difficulty other nations would face in filling that gap. He reflected on Roy Kerr’s 1963 rotating black hole solution, overshadowed at the time by quasar discoveries. Looking ahead, he encouraged continued exploration and proposed future discussions on dark energy.I closed by reminding listeners that The Space Show is a listener-supported 501(c)(3) nonprofit and encouraged donations to help sustain the program.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4384: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTBroadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites: Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

My initial question to guest Jim Meigs focused on the ongoing conflict between Elon Musk and Donald Trump and its potential implications for U.S. space policy and programs, particularly NASA’s future leadership and priorities. Together with our guest, listeners explored the challenges and uncertainties facing NASA’s human spaceflight efforts, including budget constraints, shifting mission timelines, and the increasing need for private sector involvement. We also discussed possible alternatives for advancing U.S. space exploration, such as enhanced collaboration between commercial space companies, all within the context of the Musk-Trump feud. Challenges to science and robotic missions were also talked about.Moving forward, I invited Jim to discuss his April paper, U.S. Space Policy: The Next Frontier, which is linked on our blog. In doing so, he highlighted the unexpected change in NASA’s leadership. One potential nominee for NASA Administrator is Gen. Steven Kwast, a past guest on The Space Show. I briefly summarized his previous appearances, noting his strong advocacy for both national security space and commercial space development. Jim also commented extensively on Jared Isaacman, who was widely expected to be nominated as NASA Administrator before his nomination was recently withdrawn. Listeners had much to say on this topic.Jim raised concerns about the political risks of SpaceX’s current dominance in space policy. He warned that a future Democratic administration could seek to limit NASA’s collaboration with Elon Musk, underlining the importance of maintaining multiple commercial partners to mitigate both political and operational vulnerabilities. Jim advocated for NASA to concentrate on basic research while outsourcing launch capabilities to private industry. He also addressed the need for FAA reform in both aviation and space sectors and urged NASA to adopt a more entrepreneurial mindset—though he acknowledged that congressional resistance could make such change difficult.Listeners, along with Jim, had much to say about the withdrawal of Isaacman’s nomination so that topic was a frequent one on this program. Jim explained that although Isaacman enjoyed Senate support, there was a lack of clarity as of the time of this program as to why his nomination was withdrawn. There was much speculation on this issue mentioned on this program. Jim further pointed out that delays in confirming a new NASA administrator—possibly stretching over several months due to the power transition and Senate confirmation process—could be costly for NASA and the broader space community. There was some debate over the authority of the current acting administrator, with Jim suggesting she was exercising a cautious and diplomatic approach in her interim role.We touched on other broader NASA priorities, particularly the tension between lunar and Martian mission planning. Jim commented on the challenges of integrating the Starship HLS with the SLS for Artemis missions. Both our guest and listeners expressed skepticism about the proposed timelines. Budget concerns, the fate of ongoing programs, and NASA’s long-term direction were also part of the conversation.Jim left the program at the bottom of the hour for a hard break. However, Zoom participants and livestream listeners continued the discussion in an open-format session, covering additional points and expanding on earlier topics raised during Jim’s appearance.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentFor real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4383: ZOOM: Marcus Chown, UK author | Sunday 08 Jun 2025 1200PM PTBroadcast 4384: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTBroadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscri

John and I welcomed Casey Dreier from The Planetary Society to the program to discuss the proposed NASA space and science budget cuts and the elimination of several key projects. Casey suggested that the direction for these cuts likely originated from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), with minimal input or guidance from the space policy experts.He highlighted several affected programs, including significant budget reductions to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and the potential termination of the New Horizons and Venus missions. Casey also addressed the almost certain cancellation of the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Gateway program, both of which may die after Artemis 3.We also talked about a potential shift toward commercial Moon missions, though Casey noted the plans were vague and lacked clear direction. Our discussion covered broader topics as well, including cislunar development, cargo and resupply missions to the ISS, the outlook for private space stations, Mars exploration, and entry, descent, and landing (EDL) demonstrations.In Part 2 of the program, John focused on robotic missions—both current and planned—which are all heavily reliant on robotic technology. Casey added insights into the impact of budget cuts and restructuring at key NASA centers, including JPL and Goddard. Before concluding, we asked Casey about the implications of these changes for NASA scientists and engineers. He expressed concern about their uncertain job prospects, noting that opportunities for their highly specialized skills may be limited.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4383: ZOOM: Marcus Chown, UK author | Sunday 08 Jun 2025 1200PM PTBroadcast 4384: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTBroadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

This was a special 2-hour, 16-minute Zoom program.On The Space Show website, the program is available in the audio-only format. Both video and audio are available on this Substack page.Our discussion focused on the development and evolution of GPS and the recently declassified PARCAE satellite technology. We explored their origins, technical challenges, historical context, and how they interconnected with agencies like the NRO, NRL, and broader advances in computing and satellite technologies. The conversation covered early proposals, the declassification process, and the crucial role of timekeeping, atomic clocks, and Einstein's relativity in enabling this groundbreaking work. Our guests also shared perspectives on future applications, innovation “back in the day,” system resilience, and the shift from strategic to tactical intelligence using satellites like GRAB and POPPY.After introductions, Richard provided an in-depth overview of our special guests and the PARCAE project. Lee began by referencing a 1957 Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) document that proposed two major satellite programs, one of which was PARCAE. He also shared that he is currently writing a book on the evolution of these systems, including GRAB, POPPY, and PARCAE.We examined how GPS and PARCAE—two closely linked programs—emerged. GPS, which began development in the late 1950s, utilized passive ranging for uniform accuracy across satellite constellations. PARCAE evolved from early reconnaissance satellites and focused on collecting radar signals globally, especially from the Soviet Union. GPS’s ability to provide accurate geolocation greatly enhanced PARCAE’s capabilities. Lee emphasized the importance of 3D mapping and global time synchronization in improving satellite positioning accuracy. We also discussed the difficulties of orbital prediction, relativistic corrections, and the eventual declassification of GPS for civilian use. Note what our guests said about getting so much data that they were overwhelmed and the early computers could not really handle.On the military front, we addressed how GPS was used for targeting and precision strikes. In response to a listener question, Lee explained that as early as 1966, the goal was to accurately know the location of both the user and the target to direct weapons effectively. The challenges included creating precise maps and compensating for Earth’s motion. The GPS system reached full operational capability in 1995, evolving from 15-foot accuracy in 1977 to today's much finer resolution. The conversation also covered the complexity of GPS—its integration across organizations, multiple technologies, and the development of similar systems by other nations. Our guests discussed the foundational work of pioneers like Roger Easton (Richard’s father), John Foster, Alexander Flax, Alan Berman, John McLucas, David Packard, and others.Later, a listener asked the guests to share their educational and career backgrounds. Lee spoke about earning his bachelor’s in electrical engineering from Penn State, where he gained early experience in transistor design. His career took off when he was recruited by Singer and later the NRL after his work during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Peter, an EE graduate from Purdue, also found his way to NRL. Richard shared his own background as well. All three emphasized the importance of self-education and the freedom they had to explore ideas across disciplines—something they felt was essential to their success.Peter reflected on GPS evolution and expressed regret about abandoning UHF transmissions, which might have enhanced performance in forested areas. Lee emphasized the need for cost reduction in future GPS upgrades and the importance of cross-disciplinary exposure for young minds. Peter recounted how Roger Easton proposed passive ranging and how Alan Berman’s expertise in atomic clocks was instrumental in advancing GPS. Peter also shared insights into clock accuracy improvements for space use and how he initially doubted such improvements were possible—until he realized it required different physics principles. When asked about using GPS on the Moon and Mars, both Peter and Lee explained the limitations. While GPS signals can be detected on the Moon, a local positioning system might be more practical. On Mars, environmental challenges like dust storms complicate signal transmission. Later, Peter discussed the Clementine mission, which mapped the Moon using cameras initially developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Lee noted how Clementine’s data later supported encryption and high-speed networks in education and defense. They also addressed early GPS launches—Peter developed a cost-effective launch solution using surplus ICBMs, and Lee praised Peter’s innovative "bow and arrow" launch method.Peter and Lee described the technical precision required for GPS accuracy, including clock modulation and carrier frequency synchronization. Applications like tectonic plate m

Jess Sponable Returns: A Call for Entrepreneurial Leadership in Aerospace and Defense, Friday Space Show, May 30, 2025Jess Sponable returned to the program to discuss his recent Op-Ed, co-authored with retired Air Force General Steve Kwast, published on April 7, 2025, in The Washington Times (www.washingtontimes.com/news/2025/apr/7/time-build-culture-entrepreneurs-nasa). The piece emphasizes the urgent need for more entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs across NASA, the aerospace industry, and the defense sector.During the show, Jess expanded on what this kind of leadership entails and why it's essential—especially within public agencies and NGOs. Our conversation became a compelling case study in the urgent need for innovation in R&D, problem-solving, financing, and strategic thinking. Jess represented that it would be the entrepreneurs to bring this leadership to bear in these crucial industries and government organizations.Jess emphasized that entrepreneurial-style leadership is key to motivating teams and driving meaningful progress. Drawing on his own experience, he shared vivid historical examples, particularly from the 1950s to 1970s, including insights into the X-plane programs and early developments in both military and commercial jets.We explored a wide range of current and forward-looking topics, including returning to the Moon, future human missions to Mars, and the transformative roles of companies like SpaceX, Starship, and Starlink. A major portion of the conversation centered around the Golden Dome project. Jess advocated strongly for a space-based rather than Earth-based architecture, explaining the reasoning behind his position—though he noted uncertainty about whether the project’s planners would adopt this vision. He also addressed public concerns about space weaponization and outlined the type of satellite constellation the Golden Dome would likely require.Security implications were also discussed. Jess addressed vulnerabilities outside Golden Dome protection, such as U.S. ports and maritime assets—an issue raised by a listener. While acknowledging that no system could be perfect, he argued that the Golden Dome could prevent mass destruction and preserve national survival.Later in the program, caller Dallas Bienhoff joined the conversation to discuss the development of cislunar economic infrastructure and upcoming Blue Origin rocket capabilities. Jess highlighted companies like Stoke Space, Rocket Lab, and Blue Origin as key players driving launch costs down—a necessary step to reach the milestone of $100 per pound to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which he identified as a transformative threshold for space access.Toward the end of the show, Jess briefly touched on the current state of human spaceflight medicine, including the potential of rotating stations for artificial gravity. However, he reiterated that reducing launch costs and fostering entrepreneurial leadership must come first.Additional topics included Jess’s extensive background with the DC-X, reusable VTOL launch projects, his work with DARPA and the U.S. Air Force, and an exciting update on his company, New Frontier Aerospace. The company is pursuing hypersonic flight capable of West Coast–to–Asia travel in just a few hours by skimming the edge of the stratosphere. Listen to the details he provided us.Don’t miss this dynamic and wide-ranging conversation. Jess is expected to return after New Frontier’s demonstration flight next year. We wish him—and the entire industry—continued success in overcoming the technical, political, budgetary, and policy challenges that lie ahead. Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dan Adamo Returns for Part 2 on Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant WaypointsDan Adamo returned to the program for Part 2 of his discussion on “Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant Waypoints” for Earth-Mars spaceflight. To follow the conversation effectively, please refer to the PDF document associated with his first appearance on May 18, 2025. The link to that document is also included in the blog post for this current show.We began Part 2 with a brief review of Slide 5 before continuing on to discuss the remaining slides in his presentation. Please note that this is a somewhat technical discussion and best followed with the accompanying PDF.Rather than summarizing each slide individually, this overview focuses on the broader purpose behind Dan’s work—something he describes as "very speculative." Dan believes that Earth-Mars waypoints, asteroids and insitu resources may one day play a critical role in interplanetary transportation for both human missions and cargo. However, the concept of waypoints has not yet been seriously considered or integrated into current mission planning or even our thought process.Dan is working to change that. He’s intentionally being “evangelical” about introducing waypoint concepts into the broader conversation, with the hope of influencing how future Earth-Mars missions are planned and executed. His optimism stems from the belief that early awareness and evaluation of waypoints, asteroids, and resources can lead to more refined and effective mission architectures, better economics, and even efficient and possibly more pleasurable human spaceflight. He explains all of this in his discussion.Dan is actively seeking feedback on his ideas and presentation. After listening to both Part 1 and Part 2, he encourages you to share your thoughts—either by emailing him directly (his address is listed in the footer of each slide) or by posting on our blog or Substack, which he is monitoring. If you do email Dan directly, please copy me at [email protected] so I can stay informed and involved in this important discussion.Dan and I thank you for listening, and we look forward to your feedback.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsTuesday, May 27: No program today. | Tuesday 27 May 2025 700PM PTNo Space Show Hotel Mars program today | Wednesday 28 May 2025 930AM PT(See John Batchelor Show podcasts for his Hotel Mars today. No Space Show Hotel Mars for medical reasons).Broadcast 4379 Jess Sponable | Friday 30 May 2025 930AM PTGuests: Jess returns on multiple topics. Don't miss this one!Broadcast4380: ZOOM: Richard Easton, Lee Hammarstrom, Pete Wilhelm | Sunday 01 Jun 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Richard Easton, Peter Wilhelm, Lee Hammarstrom Zoom program on previously classified satellite project Richard brought to our attention. This program was originally planned for early April but was cancelled due to hotel internet & my post ETD surgery recovery. See blog for Zoom listening instructions.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We welcomed Clay Mowry, the new CEO of AIAA, to the program to discuss the "new" AIAA and the overall health of our space industry. The 66-minute conversation kicked off with an in-depth look at AIAA’s dynamic new logo and the story behind it, as told by Clay. Make sure you are looking at the new logo when Clay tells its story. Check it out at www.aiaa.org.First things first:First, visit AIAA.org to check out the new logo. Then, while you're viewing it, listen to Clay’s story about its design and meaning. We’d love to hear your thoughts—feel free to share them in the comments on our show blog or on our Substack: doctorspace.substack.com. You will hear about the connection to the Bell-X-1. How many of you remember the Bell X-1 and its sound barrier-breaking legacy? If you don't, this is the perfect time to learn about this iconic chapter of not only U.S. history but global aerospace history.We then moved into a discussion about the changes within AIAA which is both an aviation and space organization. Clay provided us with the AIAA history but he also told us that the space division has a growing prominence of within the organization. As Clay explained, space is becoming a major focus in our economy and world and AIAA reflects that shift.When asked about his vision moving forward, Clay emphasized outreach to younger members, especially students, and a strong push toward digital transformation. He shared his experiences visiting many of the country’s top aerospace engineering and science programs, where he listened directly to students to better shape AIAA's future direction. Be sure to listen what he said about how where most students get their news and information.After exploring AIAA’s plans for student engagement and youth retention, one listener asked an important question: What about the older members—the "geezers" of the community? Don’t miss this part of the show, where Clay addresses AIAA’s outreach to its more seasoned members.In addition to discussing AIAA’s internal evolution, Clay shared his insights on broader industry topics including:* The space economy* Trends in investment and risk capital* The Artemis program* Starship, SLS, and the Gateway program* NASA’s increasing focus on human spaceflight* Potential budget cuts affecting NASA science and other agenciesWe also covered exciting updates to Aerospace America, AIAA’s flagship magazine and journal, as well as their book publishing division. Clay encouraged everyone to subscribe to My Daily Launch, AIAA’s newsletter. You can find it here:👉 https://aiaa.org/news/newsletters/my-daily-launchAs we wrapped up the show, Clay was asked what his biggest surprise has been so far as the new CEO. His answer? Well... you’ll have to listen to the program to find out!Thank you for tuning in,Dr. SpaceSpecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTDan Adamo (Part 2), Memorial Day Weekend 25 May 12 PM PDTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John and I had the pleasure of welcoming Dr. Robin Andrews from the UK to discuss planetary defense. Robin introduced us to the term “City-Killer,” which refers to an asteroid large enough to cause devastating damage if it were to strike a populated area. While such an impact would result in severe local destruction, it wouldn’t pose a global threat. Robin explained that a "City-Killer" asteroid typically measures between 140 and 160 meters in diameter and provided historical examples of similar impacts.We also discussed the recent NASA DART mission, which successfully demonstrated the ability to alter an asteroid’s trajectory by deliberately crashing a kinetic energy impactor into it. Robin acknowledged NASA as the leading entity in planetary defense research but also gave credit to ESA and other international organizations contributing to the effort.During our conversation, Robin addressed the complex and sobering decision-making process involved in either evacuating a threatened area or choosing to absorb the impact — a scenario no one wants to face. He also answered questions about different types of asteroids, including “rubble piles,” and shared insights on potential mitigation strategies. These included nuclear interceptors, gravity tractors, and other developing technologies.Robin emphasized the importance of early detection and long lead times, stressing that the sooner we identify a threatening asteroid, the greater our chances of successfully deflecting it.In the second part of the program, John asked Robin what he would do with an unlimited budget for planetary defense. Robin advocated for enhanced infrared observation capabilities, rigorous testing of nuclear interceptors, and maintaining ready-to-launch rockets and missions. He highlighted the Vera Rubin Observatory as a key upcoming asset in the hunt for potential threats like "City-Killers." When asked if a nuclear interceptor could trigger an EMP (electromagnetic pulse), Robin reassured us that this wouldn’t be a concern, as any detonation would occur millions of miles from Earth.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We’re pleased to welcome Coyote Smith back to the program for a wide-ranging and insightful discussion covering topics such as the Grissom Space Seminar, the Space Force's 5th anniversary, great power competition in space, and the evolving nature of space warfare. Toward the end of our 65-minute conversation, Coyote also provided an update on space-based solar power.We spent 90 minutes talking about the Space Force—its mission, the challenges of weaponizing space, space rescue, asset protection, and cyber defense. We also examined the role of China and Russia as our primary space adversaries.We received multiple listener calls and emails that contributed thoughtful questions and comments. During our discussion, Coyote offered a quick but insightful analysis of the pros and cons of the Space Force remaining under the Air Force versus becoming an independent service branch. Both he and I agreed that the Space Force should ultimately become a stand-alone military service. As our guest explained, one of the main reasons for this is the allocation of financial and other resources. When filtered through the Air Force, funding can be redirected toward Air Force priorities, sometimes at the expense of Space Force needs.I also asked Coyote if he felt the Space Force is fully respected by the other military branches or if it still suffers from a certain “giggle factor.” His response to this question was particularly thought-provoking.We also touched on Artemis, the return to the Moon, and the broader vision for future space development. All in all, it was a fascinating and engaging discussion. We look forward to having Coyote back as a guest again soon—hopefully on a regular basis.You can find more information about this episode at www.thespaceshow.com for the broadcast dated Tuesday, May 20, 2025.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For realtime program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please review/download Dan’s PDF document which you can find at www.thespaceshow.com/show/18-may-2025/broadcast-4374-dan-adamo. We welcomed Dan Adamo back to the program to discuss his recent work, presented to AIAA, on human spaceflight travel between Earth-Mars waypoints. The PDF of Dan’s presentation is available on the blog page for this episode. We began by reviewing key definitions and terminology before launching into a slide-by-slide discussion. Part 1 concludes with Slide 5. For full context, please open the PDF and follow along. It will also be essential for understanding Part 2 of this discussion, airing next week.In this segment, Dan defined many of the terms and concepts introduced in his presentation on Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant Waypoints. He also drew comparisons to the mature U.S. airline industry, suggesting how its development might parallel a future interplanetary transportation system though no such system exists in any form whatsoever today. Dan emphasized that his work is speculative—an important note to keep in mind, especially during our discussion of mission timelines and travel durations between Earth and Mars.Starship played a major role in the conversation, with some additional references to SLS, Orion, and the Gateway. Although we briefly touched on topics such as the Moon, lunar habitats, and development, the primary focus remained on the Earth-Mars Synodic-Resonant Waypoints.Dan responded to several listener calls and email questions throughout the show. While the subject matter was technical, we made a concerted effort to ensure that Dan explained concepts in accessible, layman’s terms.Dan invited further listener questions, especially from those catching the archived version of the show. He provided instructions for how to contact him directly via email for those preferring that method over blog posting. Throughout the discussion, he highlighted how his proposal could serve as a conceptual roadmap for future interplanetary travel—and he expressed hope that it might one day inform serious Earth-Mars mission planning.Late in the discussion, Dan was asked about waypoints for travel from Earth to Europa in the Jovian system—don’t miss Dan’s fascinating response to that question.Be sure to tune in for Part 2 of this program on 25 May 2025 at 12:00 PM PDT, using your usual method for accessing Space Show episodes.Thank you for listening!Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For realtime program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PT“The Story of Astrophysics in Five Revolutions” by Ersilia Vaudo, Weds, 21 May 2025, 3 PM PDT.Clay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please see Dr. Bhavya Lal’s full bio and photo at www.thespaceshow.com/guest/dr.-bhavya-lal-0.Dr. Bhavya Lal joined us as our guest on this Friday’s edition of The Space Show to discuss her significant March 17, 2025 Space Review article, “Is the Moon in America's Future?” Early in the interview, Dr. Lal also referenced several of her other important articles published in The Space Review—all of which are highly recommended for those seeking deeper insights into space policy and strategy. Additionally, she suggested several books to add to your reading list—be sure to check those out and read them if you have not yet done so.Our conversation reached well beyond the Moon. While we examined why the Moon should be central not just to America’s space future but to humanity’s as a whole, we also explored topics such as Mars exploration, the potential impact of NASA science and budget cuts, and the overarching importance of space science and exploration. A key focus was how to build broad-based support for space policy—among lawmakers, policymakers, and the public. Mars was also part of our focus and was not downplayed in our discussion. That said, Dr. Lal talked about priorities and for many reasons which you will hear her discuss, the Moon was prioritize over going to Mars for now.Dr. Lal and I also shared personal reflections on how space science has positively influenced our lives—a powerful reminder of the deeply human connection to this field. If space has had a meaningful impact on your life, we invite you to share your thoughts on the blog page for this program or via our Substack comments.We also delved into issues such as nuclear power and energy in space, fusion development, national security implications of lunar activities, and the urgent need for progress with Artemis and our return to the Moon. Dr. Lal emphasized the value of strategic planning—setting clear priorities, sequencing actions, and having contingency plans in place. Long-term thinking was a major theme throughout our discussion.This 75-minute interview is full of insight and perspective. We were honored to have Dr. Lal on the program, and I strongly encourage everyone—whether you’re a policymaker, space industry professional, advocate, or simply curious about our future in space—to listen closely to what she had to say.Thank you for tuning in.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless Entertainment (artlessentertainment.com)Our Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John and I welcomed Anatoly Zak of RussianSpaceWeb.com to discuss the recently revealed Soviet-era mission to explore Venus — the Vener-72 program. This mission has resurfaced in the news following the unexpected reentry of one of its probes into Earth’s atmosphere on May 10, 2025, after spending over 50 years in orbit.In this two-part program, Anatoly takes us through the fascinating history of the Soviet Union’s Venus exploration efforts, with a special focus on the Vener-72 mission, which involved two probes — one of which ultimately failed. It’s an exciting and informative journey into both planetary science and Cold War-era space exploration.Don’t miss this deep dive into a rarely discussed chapter of space history.To learn more about Anatoly Zak and his work, visit www.russianspaceweb.com. Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Welcome to our ISDC 2025 Preview Program!Aggie Kobrin and Rod Pyle joined us to share an exciting look at what you can expect at this year’s International Space Development Conference (ISDC), happening in Orlando. For full details, visit https://isdc.nss.org.Aggie and Rod walked us through a stellar lineup of keynote speakers and program track participants—including the likely next NASA Administrator, Jared Isaacman. Attendees will enjoy a packed schedule and unique opportunities, such as special tours of Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, and the impressive museum featuring one of the few remaining Saturn V rockets on full display.Highlights include:A can't-miss SpaceX band performanceNetworking opportunities galoreMeet-and-greets with astronautsAwards presentations honoring prominent figures in spaceFor nature lovers, simply driving around the Cape offers a chance to experience incredible local wildlife. You will see lots of lazy and probably hungry gators too. Don't get a flat!We also fielded several questions about the conference schedule, logistics, and what to expect in the Orlando area. This year’s tracks are stronger than ever, with key themes including Space Settlement, Living in Space (featuring Dr. Bell), Artificial Intelligence, Space Health, New Space, and more.We discussed the great value of joining the National Space Society (NSS)—members receive benefits like the acclaimed quarterly print magazine, Ad Astra.For more information about ISDC 2025, feel free to contact our guests or reach out to Dr. Space at [email protected], check out our new Substack page: doctorspace.substack.com Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dr. Bae returned to the program to discuss his new book, Photonic Laser Propulsion. He explained the underlying technology, answered numerous listener questions, and explored topics such as development timelines, implementation strategies, lunar and Martian missions, comparisons with chemical rockets, and the broader economics of space exploration. Throughout the discussion, we also examined how this technology could shape humanity's future in space.Dr. Bae opened with a detailed introduction to his book and research, highlighting a quote from Carl Sagan to underscore the inspirational aspect of his work. Later in the conversation, when asked about his strategy for reaching policymakers and technology developers, Dr. Bae suggested that the baton might be taken up by other governments, private funders, or interested parties. He emphasized that, as a scientist, he considers his role fulfilled by developing the technology and making it publicly available through his publication.The conversation also delved into the dynamics of government vs. private funding, and we discussed the potential applications of photonic laser propulsion in human spaceflight, tourism, and long-term space settlement. Don’t miss the insights on how this emerging technology could impact each of these areas — and the timelines associated with them.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: [email protected] Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: [email protected] you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsAggie Kobrin and Rod Pyle on ISDC 2025 | Tuesday 13 May 2025 7:30PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 14 May 2025 9:30AM PTDr. Bhavya Lal | Friday 16 May 2025 930AM PTDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live and the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe